The oil displacement properties of an environment friendly surfactant named YCH-601 and its combination system were studied.Biological toxicity evaluation test showed that YCH-601 had no toxicity,no skin irritation and no allergic reaction.The laboratory experiment results showed that YCH-601 had a better emulsifying capability to crude oil than that of usual surfactants used in oilfield.And the absorption of YCH-601 on the surface of sandstones was lower with a sustained dynamic absorption of 0.123 mg/g sand.Compared with other surfactants,surface tension reducing effect of YCH-601 was the best with the lowest working concentration,whose lowest surface tension was of 26.7 mN/m.Its combination systems of AON and ASN,which could reduce surface tension effectively,provided high resistance to Na+ which concentration was of 20 g/L and 50 g/L respectively,and that to Ca2+ was of 1500 mg/L and 4000 mg/L respectively.Moreover,after treated with high temperature of 150℃,both systems could still reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to the order of 10-3 mN/m.Both YCH-601 and its combination systems could enhance the oil recovery better that other surfactants,and the enhanced oil recovery was as high as 22.5%.


1. Use of bosentan manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of early stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, where a change of the type "honeycombing" in HRCT or CT "scans" is either absent or is minimized. ! 2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the change of the type "honeycombing" in HRCT or CT "scans" is present less than 25% of the total lung fields. ! 3. Use according to claim 1, wherein the change of the type "honeycombing" in HRCT or CT "scans" is present less than 10% of the total lung fields. ! 4. Use according to claim 1, wherein the area percentage of the lung fields, is characterized by a decrease in transparency of the type "ground glass" can have any value that is greater than zero and up to 80%. ! 5. Use according to claim 1, wherein bosentan is administered to a patient in a daily dose of 125 mg by using a lower initial dose or without using it. ! 6. Use according to claim 1, wherein bosentan is administered to a patient in a daily dose of 250 mg by using a lower initial dose or without using it. ! 7. Use of an endothelin receptor antagonist or a pharmaceutical composition comprising an endothelin receptor antagonist and either pirfenidone, or interferon-gamma, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of early stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ! 8. Use according to claim 7, wherein the endothelin receptor antagonist is an endothelin receptor antagonist or a dual action antagonist mixed type of endothelin receptor. ! 9. Use according to claim 7, wherein the endothelin receptor antagonist is a selective but


Ferroelectric Ba(4+x)Na(2 − 2x)Nb10O30, with a Curie temperature of 833°K, has a tungsten bronze‐type structure and crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, with subcell lattice constants a = 17.59182 ± 0.00001, b = 17.62560 ± 0.00005, and c = 3.994915 ± 0.000004 A at 298°K. The space group is Cmm2, and there are two formulas in the subcell. The c axis of the true cell is double that of the subcell. The integrated intensities of 6911 reflections within a reciprocal hemisphere of radius (sinθ)/λ = 1.02 A−1 were measured with PEXRAD, 1873 symmetry‐independent structure factors being significantly above background. The metal atom positions were determined from the three‐dimensional Patterson function and the oxygen atoms from metal‐phased Fourier series. The final agreement index between measured and calculated structure factors is 0.0579. The structure differs only in detail from previously determined tetragonal tungsten bronze structures. In the general formula (A1)2(A2)4C4(B1)2(B2)8O30, the B1 and B2 site...


Applying direct random spreading to a digital information sequence prior to multi-h modulation creates a novel class of signals, called spread-spectrum multi-h (SSMH) signaling. The spectral efficiency allows control of the power spectral density, while the power-efficient modulation allows transmission at lower signal-to-noise ratios when the receiver knows a priori the spreading sequence and modulation index sequence. An optimal receiver structure is derived and numerically evaluated in an additive white Gaussian noise environment where correlated noise samples are added to noise-free correlation filter outputs. It is shown that performance depends on the spreading sequence, the modulation indices, and the possible phase states and that it can exceed that of direct-sequence binary-phase-shift keying (DS/BPSK) by 1-2 db at bit-error rates of 10/sup -5/. Composite likelihood ratio analysis reveals a reduction by 50-70% in detectability of completely known SSMH signals namely DS/BPSK at error rates of 10/sup -4/. The spectral control, power efficiency, and reduced detectability make SSMH a viable low-probability-of-intercept signaling technique.<<ETX>>


The purpose of this paper is to develop an airline seat inventory control model which will capitalise on currency differentials that exist between city pairs. The approach taken here is to maximise Expected Marginal Seat Revenues as proposed by Belobaba for non-nested fare classes. the basic Expected Marginal Seat Revenue model is extended to explicitly include the effects of overbooking. Data from the South African Airways return flight between Cape Town and London is utilised to demonstrate the model.


A method to assign weights to the measurements obtained through phasor measurement units (PMUs) in a weighted least squares (WLS) state estimation is presented in this paper. The uncertainties for direct measurements are obtained from the manufacturer's specifications. For pseudo-measurements, the uncertainties are evaluated by using the classical uncertainty propagation theory. The propagation of measurement uncertainty as a function of line length and conductor type is also investigated. The lower and upper bounds of the estimated states considering the measurement uncertainties are found by using linear programming. The proposed method is applied on the IEEE 14-, 30-, 57-, and 118-bus test systems, and the state estimation results including the lower and upper bounds of the estimated states are presented.


Abstract: Computer vision is a technology that allows the automation of visual inspection and measurement tasks using digital cameras and image analysis techniques. This chapter provides an introduction to various aspects of the application of computer vision technology in the food industry. The motivation for using computer vision techniques and the advantages that they offer are discussed, along with an overview of the various types of technology available and their uses in this field.


To solve the problem of unemployment properly is the necessary guarantee to put into effect successfully the political and economic reform. The present rate of unemployment in China has hit an all-time high. The government must fully function and get involved and hence make sure that all kinds of measures to solve the unemployment practicable.


Prosthetic debris is the leading factor causing prosthetic loosening and requiring revision surgery. Wear debris is formed over time with any prosthesis. Factors determining disc arthroplasty survivability are similar to those for joint replacement technology, and include prosthetic wear, formation of wear debris, and tissue reaction to the wear debris. All wear debris causes a foreign-body reaction that induces an inflammatory response, which results in progressive local bone loss (osteolysis) and possible prosthetic loosening and failure. In this paper are described the nature of particle shape and surface texture, as detected on the particle profile. Detailed surface characteristics of the particles produced during fretting may well be significant in determining their biological effects. Careful processing and analysis of the digitised image enabled both the sizes of microprojections and their relative numbers to be determined. Such processing of images of a large number of particles generated a considerable amount of data. AutoCAD and MathCAD were used to establish categories the data and to compare the nature of fretting particles generated by UHMWPE and, cobalt-chromium-molybdenum. Although showing a tendency towards a spherical form, all two materials produced different results, with UHMWPE showing the greatest diversity of textures and sizes.


In our previous work we had constructed some space curves to illustrate the unboundedness of generators of prime ideals in analytic geometry. In this article we further study these space curves to establish the exact number of minimal generators for the corresponding ideals and to express them as determinant ideals. In our previous work [2] we had constructed a set { C,,) of rational irreducible curves in 3-dimensional affine space which are analytically irreducible at the origin. Moreover the corresponding prime ideal ideals P1 need at least n generators in k[[x, y, zJ] and hence in k[x, y, z] where k is a field of characteristic zero. The purpose of those constructions are to establish the unboundedness of generators of prime ideals in analytic geometry. For a background discussion about the set of prime ideals { P") the reader is referred to Sally's book [3]. In fact Sally finds an interesting argument to drop the restriction on the characteristic of the ground field k. The purpose of this article is to establish that the said prime ideals {FP,,} require precisely n + 1 elements as the minimal number of generators. Moreover we should indicate a constructive way to find minimal generators. One interesting question is to determine if C,, is locally a set-theoretic complete intersection. With a suggestion of M. Hochster we shall indicate a way to express P,, as a determinant ideal. 1. Definitions. We shall use the notations of [2]. Let n be an odd positive integer and m = (n + 1)/2. Let S be the semigroup generated by (n + 1) and (n + 2). Let A be an integer > n(n + l)m with (A, m) = 1. Let p be a mapping: k[[x, y, z]] -* k[[t]] defined by p(X) = tnm + tnm+X, p(y) = t(n+l)m p(z) = (n+2)m where k[[x, y, z]], k[[t]] are power series rings in symbols x, y, z, t. Let Pn = P = ker p. Let a-weight be given by a(x) = xn, a(y) = y"+l, a(z) = zn+2. Received by the editors November 13, 1978 and, in revised form, December 28, 1978. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 13A15, 14H45.


C ardiovascular diseases are still considered the leading cause of death in the United States (1). It is estimated that 40% of Americans will experience some form of cardiovascular disease by 2030 (2). The advances in cardiovascular care required to meet this increased demand depend on the continuous involvement of fellows-in-training and early-career physicians in research and quality clinical care—in both the academic and private sector. However, the pursuit of a purely academic career is jeopardized by many obstacles, including prolonged training periods, expanding debt burdens, increasing discrepancies between academic and private practice salaries, difficulty regarding visa requirements for international medical graduates, and significant limitations of government funding for research (3). Quality clinical care in the private setting is also potentially compromised by physician burnout induced by the increasing cost of malpractice insurance, billing issues, increased documentation requirements, reimbursement and financial considerations, and challenges of work/life balance (4,5). As a result, choosing a post-fellowship career between academic or private practice cardiology is quite challenging, especially given the changing environment in either pathway. The increased costs of malpractice insurance and the implications of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, along with decreased reimbursement and increased documentation, has led to considerable insecurity in the private job sectors. Thus, there have been significant changes in the demographics of the cardiologist job market, with a move from a 90% independent private practice pattern in 2007 to approximately 50% hospital-employed cardiologists over the last 7 years (5). This change has presented many new roles for clinical cardiologists, including involvement


(2002) point out thatpersistent crying in infants could lead to problems of interactionbetween parent and child. St James-Roberts (2007) suggests thatinfant crying is a common concern for parents that may triggerinfant abuse and Barr (2003) indicated that exasperated parentsmay resort to shaking a crying infant. Literature specific to studiesregarding shaken baby syndrome indicates that crying is frequentlya trigger factor (Wyszynski, 1999; Devins, 2003). The aim of thisstudy was to describe mothers' opinions of the crying behaviour ofinfants under one year of age to establish some baseline informa-tion that could be utilised in the design of preventative programmesand parent education.


Employee Relationship Management(ERM) is a special field in modern human resource management. The objective of ERM is to establish a positive and harmonious employee relationship through effective management. In this paper, we analyzed the meaning of modern ERM in hospital, put forward effective measures and highlighted issues which should be concerned.


Provided in the present invention is a silicon-containing particle which can be utilized as an anode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having less change of volume when charged or discharged, a high initial efficiency and an excellent cycle performance. The silicon-containing particle, used as an anode active material of a non-aqueous secondary battery, has a diffracted ray with a peak angle of 2θ = 28.6 ° in an X-ray crystalline diffraction. [Reference numerals] (AA) Strength(modulus)


In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for non-parametric estimation of hidden Markov models (HMM). The algorithm is based on a "wavelet-shrinkage" density estimator for the state-conditional probability density functions of the HMM's. It operates in an iterative fashion, similar to the EM re-estimation formulae used for maximum likelihood estimation of parametric HMM. We apply the resulting algorithm to simple examples and show its convergence. The performance of the proposed method is also compared to classical non-parametric HMM estimation based on quantization of observations ("histograms") and discrete HMM. The algorithm is finally applied to a voice activity detection (VAD) task and its performance is compared to that of the histogram and Gaussian HMM methods.


In order to facilitate the inspection of deep-submicron features, a generation of semiconductor inspection systems are being pushed to image using deep-ultraviolet (UV) sensitive cameras at increasingly shorter wavelengths. In this article, we present a deep-UV sensitive thinned front-illuminated linear charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor structure and investigate its behavior after exposure to F2 (λ=157 nm) excimer laser. Two key manifestations of radiation damage are observed: (1) Extrinsic quantum efficiency drifts with increasing 157 nm exposure, and (2) dark current increases almost exponentially with 157 nm exposure. These fluctuations in CCD parameters can be caused by several factors including UV-induced color center formation in the oxide, charge generation in the oxide, interface modification, and structural rearrangement. These UV-induced effects alter the optical and electrical properties of the oxide and Si–SiO2 interface, resulting in both temporal and permanent shifts in device perform...


Never before have the media focused on a single infectious disease as they have in the case of the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic that started to spread globally from China at the end of 2019. The consequences of the pandemic on health, economics, and the societal conditions of isolated individuals have been discussed from a range of different perspectives. Virologists are expected to be capable of providing immediate answers to many different kinds of questions—how and under what conditions is an individual infectious, what are the relative roles of the different arms of the immune system, do reinfections occur, when will a vaccine preventing infection with the virus become available, what are the possibilities of developing antiviral drugs capable of interfering with the disease, and so on. In many cases there are no immediate answers, since virologists globally are still in the middle of researching the particular problem in the focus of interest. The only proper answer to demanding questions of this kind should be "Welcome to the workshop of virologists." However, what needs to be emphasized is that the tools available to understand the details of the interaction of a particular virus and the various organs in an infected human host have changed dramatically during the somewhat more than a hundred years of studies of viruses.


Abstract Using a result on arithmetic progressions, we describe a method for finding the rational h–tuples ρ = (ρl,…,ρh) such that all the multiples mρ (for m coprime to a denominator of ρ) lie in a linear variety modulo Z. We give an application to hypergeometric functions.


Background There is still controversy over whether exposure to furred animals increases or decreases the risk of developing sensitization and allergic symptoms to such animals, and there is a need for further knowledge on this subject.


The first movable electrode is flat, but the second movable electrode is convexly deformed. A dielectric layer is applied to the outer surface of the second movable electrode. a random distance between the two electrodes is ensured by the electrostatic attractive force is generated between the two electrodes by setting a to be applied between the first movable electrode and the second movable electrode voltage, and the desired electrostatic capacitance is obtained. If the distance between the two electrodes is shortened, at first comes to the center part of the first movable electrode with a portion of the second movable electrode in contact with the dielectric layer between them. Then, the first movable electrode and the dielectric layer pass (second movable electrode) to each other from the contacting part being made against the circumference towards more and more into contact, and the contact area increases gradually.


Consider a statistical procedure (Method A) which is based on n observations and a less effective procedure (Method B) which requires a larger number k n of observations to give equal performance under a certain criterion. To compare two different procedures, Hodges and Lehmann suggested that the difference k n - n, called the deficiency of Method B with respect to Method A, is the most natural quantity to examine. In this article, the performance of two kernel quantile estimators is examined versus the sample quantile estimator under the criterion of equal covering probability for randomly right-censored data. We shall show that the deficiency of the sample quantile estimator with respect to the kernel quantile estimators is convergent to infinity with the maximum rate when the bandwidth is chosen to be optimal. A Monte Carlo study is performed, along with an illustration on a real data set.


Disclosed is an anti-seismic girder falling prevention device at the top of a bridge pier column, which comprises a main girder and a pier column, and is characterized in that the main girder is fixedly connected with main girder connecting plates which are arranged respectively transversely and longitudinally to the main girder; and the main girder connecting plates are respectively hinged through hinge shafts with the pier column connecting plates which are fixedly connected with the pier column. The anti-seismic girder falling prevention device ensures that in the case of longitudinal transformation of the bridge caused by normal temperature changes, no deadlocking will occur, and also ensures that under the action of earthquake load, the earthquake acting force on the main girder can be effectively transferred to the pier column. The anti-seismic girder falling prevention device meets the requirement of 9 degrees seismic fortification intensity in bridge anti-seismic specifications and the requirement of the measure for preventing the girder from falling. Therefore, the anti-seismic girder falling prevention device is a safety measure for the bridge in earthquakes. Meanwhile, the anti-seismic girder falling prevention device is simple and easy to fabricate and install, and can be adjusted to adapt to the influence of construction errors.


As mobile robots enter shared urban spaces, operating in close proximity to people, this raises new challenges in terms of how these robots communicate with passers-by. Following an iterative process involving expert focus groups (n=8), we designed an augmented reality concept that visualises the robot's navigation intent and the pedestrian's predicted path. To understand the impact of path visualisations on trust, sense of agency, user experience, and robot understandability, we conducted a virtual reality evaluation (n=20). We compared visualising both robot intent and pedestrian path prediction against just visualising robot intent and a baseline without augmentation. The presence of path visualisations resulted in a significant improvement of trust. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative results further highlights the impact of pedestrian path prediction visualisation on robot understandability as it allows for exploratory interaction.


A surveillance monitoring public places is an effective means to prevent security problems, but traditional surveillance can't make rapid respond to existing security problems and cannot satisfy social requirements. For that matter, this paper proposes a crowd abnormal detection algorithm based on modified social force model (MSF)to recognize the abnormal behavior of panics and flees caused by emergencies in public. Based on the conventional social force model (CSF), this paper combines the research results of predecessors to improve the expected speed, in the consideration of the influence of relative speed between pedestrians at different locations in the social force calculation, it adopts the positional state factor and the relative speed influence coefficient to improve the social force model. This paper uses Lucas-Kanande algorithm to extract image optical flow, clusters optical flow information, and then uses modified social force model to extract the crowd motion features, and finally applies support vector machine (SVM) to recognize abnormities. In the UMN dataset test, the area under ROC curve is 0.9963.


Disclosed is a problem of the prior art without adopting complicated steps and complicated handling, wear resistant member, a photocatalyst material that exhibits high performance, to produce materials useful as a photoelectric conversion element material. SOLUTION: The surface treatment process for the production of titanium metal material or a titanium alloy material, obtained in (1) forming a titanium nitride on the surface of the titanium metal material, and (2) Step (1) and, between the metallic titanium material titanium nitride is formed on the surface, a manufacturing method which comprises a step of performing heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere, as well as the step (1) and (2) a, obtained in step (1), a metallic titanium material titanium nitride is formed on the surface, the etch resistance with no electrolytic solution of titanium, aluminum plate was subjected to anodizing, forming an oxide coating of titanium manufacturing method characterized by including, and surface treatment materials. .BACKGROUND


In this paper, we propose an entirely new ultrahigh-speed actuation technique for achieving whip manipulation with a robot manipulator. By using the characteristics of the whip, we can realize high-speed, dexterous manipulation of the whip. In particular, we aim to achieve sonic-speed manipulation (SSM) at the free end of the whip. To achieve this, we explored the feasibility of SSM by trajectory planning for the robot manipulator. The trajectory was obtained by analyzing whip manipulations performed by a human subject. Next, we simulated SSM based on a mass-spring model with a multilink mechanism. Then, we performed an experiment to achieve SSM of the whip using this trajectory. Finally, we confirmed that SSM could be achieved, and we demonstrated the high feasibility of whip manipulation with the proposed method.


This paper introduces a new type of wide-range vacuum gauge.The equipment is based on the incorporation of resis-tance gauge and hot cathode ionization gauge and controlled by a SCM.


Vario EL element analyzer was used to analyze carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,sulfur and oxygen in excess activated sludge from the secondary settling tank of wastewater treatment plant in a city.The experiment results are as follows: ① The mass fractions of carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,sulfur and oxygen are 19.951% to 20.836%,3.415% to 3.890%,3.207% to 3.516%,0.740% to 0.861% and 24.136% to 29.804% respectively;② The contents of carbon and hydrogen are close to that of lignite,so the caloric value of the excess activated sludge may be high;③ The average ratios of the atomic numbers among these elements are TC/TN=6.861 to 7.457,TC/TS=63.926 to 72.304,TC/TH=0.445 to 0.508 and TC/TO=0.950 to 1.134 respectively,and the chemical formula of the excess activated sludge is C67N9SH140O64.


A simple catalytic enantioselective epoxidation of chalcones has been developed, which was catalyzed by diphenyl-functionalized chiral 2-piperidineethanol using tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant. We have attempted to find the optimization of the reaction conditions for the enantioselective epoxidation.


Two kinds of polymerization Mg-Al flocculants were synthesized under normal atmospheric temperature with slow-addition method,which is used on the laboratory wastewater COD removal examination.The results show that the COD removal is effected by flocculants kind,flocculants dose,pH,stirring time and settling time.Over 98% of COD is removed by polymerization sulfuric Mg-Al flocculants(PMAS) at pH=8,3 minutes rapid agitation and 10 minutes slowly,30 minutes settling time,20 mL flocculants dosage in 1 L wastewater.


Explanations for coordination between labor and capital in Northern Europe continue to cause debate among scholars of comparative political economy. On one hand, power resource scholars argue that strong trade unions promoting equality are necessary for coordination. On the other hand, employer-centered theories argue that employers are the primary actors in promoting coordination due to the comparative advantages stemming from coordination. To inform this debate, we study the case of Denmark by combining a unique database of 5.000 elite affiliations with 80 stakeholder interviews spanning a decade. We argue that trade union power resources are necessary for coordination. However, only when certain segments of labor can forge powerful alliances with key employers for the economy will coordination persist. The network analysis identifies a powerful cross-class alliance between trade unions and employer associations in manufacturing. Interviews with stakeholders show that coordination in industrial relations and related institutional spheres such as education and industrial policies serves this alliance's interests in safeguarding international competitiveness of manufacturing. However, intra-class allegiances ensure that the alliance constantly has to consider the interests of outsider organizations. Contact Details Christoph Houman Ellersgaard Assistant Professor Copenhagen Business School Department of Business and Politics Porcelænshaven 24 2000 Frederiksberg firstname.lastname@example.com Anton Grau Larsen Assistant Professor Copenhagen Business School Department of Business and Politics Porcelænshaven 24 2000 Frederiksberg email@example.com Christian Lyhne Ibsen Assistant Professor School of Human Resources and Labor Relations Michigan State University 368 Farm Lane, Room S412 email@example.com


Nearfield Radar Cross Section (RCS) measurements and Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) processing are used in this study to obtain geometrically correct images and farfield RCS. The back projection algorithm is used to determine the amplitudes and locations for the scatterers in a point by point imaging process. Different approximations are used to sum the nearfield RCS recorded at an azimuthal interval of angles when forming the farfield image. The images obtained show the geometrically correct locations of the target scatterers with exceptions for some target features e.g., when there are multiple or resonance scattering features. Separate features in the images are gated and an inverse processing step is performed to obtain the farfield RCS of the full target or selected parts of the target. Examples of images and farfield RCS extracted from simulations and measurements on small and full scale targets using the ISAR processing techniques described in this paper are given. (Less)


Distributed compression of multiple sources such as the nodes of wireless sensor networks has been focus of research to exploit spatial redundancy of the data being sensed by different sources. In sensor networks data gathered by the sensor nodes is spatially as well as temporally correlated. The scheme proposed in this paper exploits the temporal redundancy of the data gathered by single node by making use of two half-duplex relays. These relays not only serve to extend the transmission range but also provide framework for Slepian-Wolf compression. We have used symmetric Slepian-Wolf compression to achieve equal compression at both relays. We used separate encoding at the relays and joint decoding at the destination. We have used regular low density parity check (LDPC) code having rate ½. Although this scheme does not provide any diversity gain but this is useful to achieve high data rate and reduces transmission power requirements.


This research describes the Government Efforts in Increasing Garment Exports to the United States on 2012-2015. Garment sector industry plays an important role in the Indonesian economy as a foreign exchange and create jobs. Indonesia has been recognized by the world as a producing country of Textile and Textile Products. But much of the competition makes the Indonesian garment industry to make efforts to improve.The method used in this research is qualitative. The data obtained comes from books, journals, theses, articles, internet sites and other sources related to research. The focus of this research is how the Indonesian government attempts to increase garment exports to the United States. This research uses the perspective of liberalism, the theory of International trade and comparative advantage.The efforts have been made by the Indonesian government in increasing garment exports to the United States are divided into two areas, namely external and internal. External effort is to enter into a cooperation agreement in trade in textile and apparel goods. And internal is by improving human resources, providing supportive policies such as income tax reduction, subsidizing sewing machine tools, restricting imports, and expanding International promotions and exhibition.


Permeability is an important link between the surface water and groundwater in the process of transformation, also a significant factor influencing the runoff production. The water infiltration experiment was carried out by single loop method in the different soil types in Beibei District, Chongqing, meanwhile, the permeability of different soil types and depths are discussed. The results showed: (1) The mean permeability of sandy land, grassland and forestland was 2.37mm/min, 1.48mm/min and 0.55mm/min respectively; (2) Under the same depth condition, Stable permeability of the different land types emerged as sandy land> grassland>forestland. (3) As for the same soil type, Stable permeability decreased with increasing soil depth. These results are helpful for the mitigation of soil erosion in mountain areas, Chongqing.


The ambiance at the development specialists' is very different from what you'd expect to find at any common industrial manufacturer. The room is large, brightly lit, clearly laid out, and spotlessly clean. At several workplaces, technicians are assembling prototype engines, deeply immersed in their tasks. Here, the focus is not on speed and volume but on measurable and documented precision. In view of the highly accurate work done in these rooms, it is not surprising that cleaning is an important part of the entire process. Before the individual parts are finally installed in the engine, they are cleaned repeatedly – in the JAVA parts washer by MAFAC. It washes the parts which already appear to be perfectly clean to ensure that they are really free of any residues, and that the measuring results are accurate and comparable at any time.


The advantage and disadvantage of Methodology of Bid Awarded to Tenderer with Lowest Price Bid and the application of this methodology and the effective measures which should be taken in China are analyzed based on the experience of adopting this method home and abroad.


Industry 4.0 is considered as a set of related technology and digital solutions that, on the one hand, support the development of automation, integration and real-time data exchange in production processes and, on the other, lead to changes that business, society and humans (either as consumers, or as employees) should be adapted to. New production environment based on the Internet of Things, Industrial Internet, Cloud-based Manufacturing and Smart Manufacturing, creates also new requirements for the operations managers running the production system.The present paper discusses the requirements concerning education and training in the field of Operations Management, particularly with a view on ensuring efficient management of the production system with respect to an Industry 4.0 environment.


This paper takes a hard look at foreign initiatives in the field of population in Africa. Some important characteristics of the contemporary African scene are outlined, including the great diversity of attitudes regarding population control, and high infant mortality rates. A culturally insensitive approach to family planning characterizes most foreign initiatives in this area and has led to serious backlashes. The growing number of organizations active in this field and the increasing availability of funds for family planning contrasted with the lack of money for other concerns, which many Africans perceive as more urgent, has led recipients to question Western motives. The author underscores African irritation with so-called "experts" who know little or nothing about Africa, yet attempt to organize family planning programs. A new restiveness prevails among the younger generation of African administrators and intellectuals who demand that family planning be approached in the global context of development issues.


Throughout the decades Maltese literature has reflected the Mediterranean environment to determine its influence on character. The use of harbour cities (like Birgu and Valletta) in different Maltese novels reflects the social behaviour of the inhabitants. For this presentation two major novels will be discussed: Anton Manwel Caruana's Inez Farrug (1889) and Dliver Friggieri's La Jibnazza Nigi Lura (2006). The former treats social life in harbour districts during the 15,h century and discusses its similarity with 19'h-century social behaviour; and the latter treats industrial life connected with the harbour in the early 20,h century. The paper discusses the relevance of urbanization in terms of these aspects vis-a-vis rural attitudes and way of life in a traditional Maltese environment with some implications of colonialism in Maltese fiction.


Thermal donor (TD) introduction and annihilation in magnetic‐field‐applied Czochralski‐grown (100) n‐type silicon with an oxygen concentration around 8.5×1017 cm−3 have been studied with deep‐level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), capacitance‐voltage (C‐V), and resistivity measurements. The introduction of TDs has been performed with heat treatment at 450 °C, and the annihilation of TDs has been investigated with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in the temperature range 600–1080 °C. The change of the resistivity with heat‐treatment time at 450 °C corresponds to that of the DLTS signal observed around 55 K, identified with TDs. C‐V measurements show the decreasing thermal‐donor depth profile with shallower depth. TDs are found to disappear by RTA around 800 °C. However, four electron traps, A1 (Ec −0.18 eV), A2 (Ec −0.25 eV), A3 (Ec −0.36 eV), and A4 (Ec −0.52 eV), are induced by RTA above around 700 °C. These traps are induced only by RTA without thermal donor introduction. The significant feature of these RTA...


The concept of 'creating shared value (CSV)' has gained credibility, legitimacy and momentum in the world as a new way of doing business and formed the core of recent business research. The main theme of CSV is creating economic value through creating social value by taking into account social needs and challenges as business opportunities. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the significance of replacing CSR by CSV and to identify challenges and opportunities of creating shared value in the perspective of banking corporations in Bangladesh. The study has found that replacing the deep rooted CSR is a major challenge because of the present social reality. In order to get desired results of CSV, leadership commitment, appropriate regulatory framework, employee skills & creativity, and identifying and evaluating appropriate indicators to measure business and social outcomes are necessary. Finally, the paper argues that huge unmet needs in a developing country like Bangladesh open up the door for the banking corporations to adopt CSV and to build early brand image in the industry.


The amenity value is one of the important part of the whole value for the agricultural land.The ignorance of the amenity value leads to the inefficient allocation of the agricultural land resource.The proper reveal of the whole ecological value is the key issue of the sustainable agricultural land use.At present,our knowledge and study on the amenity value of agricultural land is still in a starting process.In this research,adopting Contingent Valuation Method(CVM),the authors revealed the amenity value of the different types of the land for different usage of agriculture.Based on this,the authors also calculated the total amenity value of the agricultural land in Jiangsu Province through investigating 1 000 persons from different careers and ages with the semi-structural questionnaires and the telephone investigations.The whole amenity value for the agricultural land in Jiangsu province reaches 2.5 billion per year.And also,the difference of amenity value among the different types of agricultural land use is also large.Thus,in order to make the better use of the agricultural land,the amenity value should be taken into account in the whole land resource utilization system.


The desire to reduce the environmental impact along with more stringent national and international requirements and increasing energy prices have led to an increased interest in houses with low energy consumption. A Passive House can decrease the energy need with up to 90 % compared to a conventional house. To reduce costs, increase quality and develop efficient production methods, industrial housing has been proposed. With this report I want to identify what prevents the industrial housing of single-family residence with the passive house concept. The purpose of this paper is therefore to give both potential and current passive house producers a foundation that shows the biggest obstacles for the production to become more industrial; I.e. more resource efficient and profitable, which ultimately leads to a more environmentally and sustainable community development. I have chosen to perform a qualitative study, by studying the existing literature in the field and by interviewing companies operating within the industry. The literature study provides a foundation for the concept of industrial housing and the concept of passive houses. The empirical study consists of interviews by telephone with five single-family house producers and e-mail contact with an energy coordinator. The interviews consisted of open questions where participants shared their subjective reflections on the difficulties, obstacles and possible solutions they experienced or consider exists for industrial housing of single-family houses with the passive house concept. The study presents perceived difficulties, obstacles and potential solutions for different areas of industrial construction. From discussion with differences in construction, lack of knowledge, customization for unique projects, time constraints and low profit margins and low customer demand are identified as current barriers to industrial construction of single-family houses with the passive house concept.


In the precalculus course which is being piloted at Virginia Commonwealth University we have interwoven four student CBL (Calculator-Based Laboratory) projects throughout the semester to foster student participation and discovery through supervised group work. These activities are scheduled on specific class laboratory days throughout the semester and are coordinated with topics as they are developed in the text. These topics range from an introduction to functions to specific applications of functions including the quadratic exponential, and trigonometric functions. For each experiment, the apparatus, including appropriately programmed CBL's, is set up in the classroom by the instructor and assistants at two to four stations. Students are then organized into groups of five or six and conduct their experiments at the established stations. A written description of the experiment (including goals and expectations, step-by step process instructions, and hints for making the desired mathematical connections) has been given to each student at the prior class meeting. Following a brief overview of the current experiment by the instructor, the student groups perform the experiment and transfer the data collected by the CBL to their own TI-83 or TI-82 calculators for interactive study and analysis. The class instructor and a student assistant (undergraduate or graduate) assist groups throughout the process as needed. The general group task in each of these experiments is to analyze the functional data points collected by the CBL and stored and graphed under the STAT PLOT procedure on their TI-83 or TI-82 calculator; to use algebraic techniques to find an appropriate mathematical function ( quadratic, exponential, trigonometric etc.) which will closely model the situation depicted by the data points; to graph the function (entered as Y1 in their TI-83 calculator) simultaneously with the STAT PLOT of the data points; and to refine their function rule until their graph closely fits the graphed data points.


The intermolecular potentials of argon, krypton, and xenon are investigated using the recently measured second virial coefficients and the crystal properties at 0°K. The potential functions considered are the 9:6, 12:6, and exp:6. The methods of determination of parameters are reviewed and the method of least squares used in this paper described. All the potentials fitted the second virial coefficient very well, but with the same parameters fitted the crystal properties only moderately well.


Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting platelet production and function with variable clinical severity. The prevalence is estimated to be less than 1:1000,000 worldwide in most common types. There are no population based epidemiological studies in Arab ethnicity to estimate the prevalence of IPD. Over 2 years we had conducted questioner-based survey among high school and 1st year university students in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. We had interviewed 3881 students (1901 (49%) male and 1980 (51%) female). Out of these students 1849(47.6%) had answered yes for any of the questions in first questioner which was followed by a detailed questioner based on MCMDM1 - VWD. Only 323 agreed to have blood testing to investigate for the bleeding tendency. Each positive case was tested for CBC, PT, PTT, ABO and PFA 100 according to standard technique. Any positive screening test for coagulation or platelet screening test was followed by more testing for relevant coagulation factor level. Those were positive only for PFA100 had been tested for platelet aggregation, electronmicroscopy, PB morphology and a sample for DNA and proteomics been collected. The most common bleeding symptom was epistaxis found in 19.7% (3881) of all interviewed students students and was more in the positive cases 229 (43.6%) students from a total of 525 with more boys (147 out of 296, 49.7%) than the girls (82 out of 229, 35.8%, P-value= 0.002). The cutaneous symptoms were reported by 29.3% (154/525), more common in girls (102/229, 44.5%) than boys (52, 296, 17.6%, p-value Conclusion: The early results from our bleeding survey indicate that platelet disorders probably more common in our population than been reported els where. We are waiting the final result of laboratory tests which includes ultrastructural features, proteomics and genotyping of these cases with probable platelet diorders Disclosures Owaidah:King abdulaziz city for science, Novo Nordisk, Bayer: Honoraria, Research Funding.


Background: Genetic predisposition is the key factor for IBD. CARD15/NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain family, member 2) is responsible for recognizing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Activation of Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) transcription pathway leads to expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce immune response. Genetic predisposition with polymorphism of NOD2/CARD15, JAK2 can play important role in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Aim: to characterize genetic susceptibility to ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD) in Caucasians. Materials and methods: 115 IBD patients (58.3% UC and 41.7% CD) and 22 healthy controls were recruited. Singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of NOD2/CARD15 (3020insC, Gly908Arg), JAK2 (Val617Phe) were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with electrophoretic detection in 3% agarose gel. Results: 72 (62.6%) IBD patients had NOD2/CARD15 single-nucleotide polymorphism. An association with CD for 3020insC was detected more often – 58.3% cases (p=0,001; OR=10.0; 95% CI = 2,33 – 42,78), than with UC (37.3%, p=0,09). JAK2 mutation were revealed only in 11 (9.6%) patents with IBD and didn't show any positive interaction with IBD. The interaction with SNPs and severity of IBD was revealed for CARD15 3020 insC. Conclusions: Important role of genetic predisposition in pathogenesis of IBD was revealed. Polymorphism of NOD2/CARD15 correlated with IBD. More significant association with CD comparing to UC was determined for CARD15 (Gly908Arg). Patients with IBD had combined mutations of NOD2/CARD15, JAK2. Significant positive interaction between risk genes and the severity of CD and UC was determined.


With the rapid economic growth and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's travel times and travel range is greatly improved. How to improve the efficiency of high-speed railway passenger station, to meet the passengers' demands, to protect the public safety, to improve the comfort and other issues, has caused widespread concern of scholars. Based on the concept of future humanized railway station, the integrated streamline structure design of high-speed railway passenger station has been carried on, and crowd evacuation software has been used to simulate the way of passengers getting on and off. The results show that the integrated streamline design proposed in this paper is superior to the traditional design in structure and function, and can improve the utilization rate of high-speed railway station platform. The simulation of the best way to get on and off the train can save about 51 % of the station time. Time of passengers waiting and getting off the train has been greatly reduced which can effectively avoid the platform congestion caused by passenger travel safety. The integrated streamline design proposed in this paper can provide some references for the design of humanized railway station in the future.


Increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) provide a major chemical stimulus to breathe through activation of the ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex, which is heavily influenced by the brainstem serotonergic (5‐HT) system. Brown Norway (BN) rats have an inherent and extremely low ventilatory sensitivity to hypercapnia, which can be augmented with selective serotonin reuptake inhibition. Using mRNA sequencing, we show that BN rats have reduced medullary raphé expression of multiple 5‐HT neuron‐specific genes, predictive of lower monoamine levels by informatics pathway analyses and confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography measurements. BN rats also showed reduced thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) expression, where injections of the TRH analogue Taltirelin caused greater increases in baseline ventilation, body temperature and the ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex in BN rats compared to control Sprague–Dawley rats. These data establish a molecular basis of a neuromodulatory deficiency in BN rats, and further suggest an important functional role for TRH signalling in the mammalian CO2 chemoreflex.


A model-based joint input-state estimation algorithm is used to obtain minimum-variance unbiased estimates of the states (modal displacements and velocities) of a structure, as well as the dynamic forces causing these responses. The estimation is performed based on a limited number of acceleration measurements. A distinction is made between two modes of application of the algorithm to problems in structural dynamics. In the first case, the states and input forces are jointly estimated by assuming the positions of the forces known. In the second case, the response in a structure at unmeasured locations is predicted by identifying the states and a set of equivalent forces, that would produce the same measured response, at arbitrarily chosen locations. Both modes of application are validated using data from an in situ experiment on a footbridge. Keywords—force identification, state estimation, response prediction


Quantifying root structure response to multiple defoliation events in a grazing situation is critical in developing management plans for warm-season tallgrasses. A pasture experiment was conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 near Mead, NE. The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of timing and frequency of grazing on big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) etiolated tiller growth and root and rhizome structure. Paddocks were grazed at a stocking rate of 9.9 Animal Unit Month (AUM) ha -1 in two to four cycles from mid-May to early-September. In April 2002, five 6.6- x 132-cm soil cores were extracted from each paddock. Soil cores were subsampled at 30-cm depth increments for estimates of root mass, root surface area, and root volume. Etiolated tiller tents were used to estimate organic reserves of big bluestem in each paddock in spring 2002. Mean number and weight of etiolated tillers were reduced by up to 40% and 50%, respectively, in paddocks grazed in a sequence of June after internode elongation, early August, and early September. Root structure in the top 30 cm of the soil profile was affected most by multiple defoliation events with 40 d.


This paper deals with development of an n-bit ALU using VHDL. Normally the most of the industries, now a days are using either 4-bit ALU or 8-bit ALU, so We have generalized this, thus We need not to worry about the bit size of ALU. It has solved all the problems of 4-bit, 8bit and 16-bit ALU's and so on. Hence, We have utilized VHSIC Hardware Description Language and Xilinx in accomplishing this task of development of an n-bit ALU. An Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is a combinational circuit that performs logic and arithmetic micro-operations on a pair of n-bit operands. The operations performed by an ALU are controlled by a set of function-select inputs. The ALU is the part of computer that actually performs arithmetic and logical operations on data. All of the other elements of the computer system-control unit registers, memory, I/Os are mainly to bring data into the ALU for it to process and then to take the results back out.


Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) nuts were collected weekly to: 1) identify a method to determine the optimal harvest date; 2) develop a quantifiable color classification for kernels; and 3) quantify the effect of delayed husk removal on kernel color. Husk denting, husk hardness (measured with a durometer), and husk color were evaluated. The durometer was a reliable for determining husk softening. Maximum percent kernel for 'Emma K', 'Sparrow', 'Kwik Krop', and 'Football' was recorded when durometer values were ≈ 62, 67, and 71 to 73, respectively. Kernel LCH sum provided a reliable color classification in which light kernels had values ≥ 150, medium kernels had LCH sums of 149 to126, and dark kernels had values ≤ 125. When hulling was delayed two weeks in, kernel LCH sums of 'Emma K', 'Kwik Krop', and 'Sparrow' were lower (e.g. darker in color) than when nuts were husked immediately after harvest.


gaining increasing attention. Even in this relatively overlooked field, these documents do not add any striking new evidence about the most important single event within their scope. Using the Stresemann Nachlass, Erich Eyck and Ludwig Zimmermann have already constructed perfectly satisfactory accounts of the struggle over Germany's entrance into the League. Yet, despite such superfluity, this collection will become a valuable scholarly aid. Modern research in diplomatic history is the victim of the typewriter and carbon paper. There are simply too many documents in any modern archive for any single researcher to peruse, even with a lifetime at his disposal. If the history of Weimar foreign policy is to be written, much of the work will have to be based upon specialized monographs and published sources. Furthermore the publication of these documents allows the scholar to deal with relatively minor questions which shed light on the whole nature of the diplomatic process. For example, the relationship of German civilian aviation to the disarmament question is only tangentially relevant to any major study. Yet, perhaps more than any other set, the documents published on this issue illustrate the limits of Weimar policy as well as the tenacity with which both Briand and Stresemann pursued their goals. Also the major issues of the 1920's often require research into the policy of more than one nation. With the Public Record Office now open for this period, with Austrian and Italian documents available for much of the 1920's, multi-archival research has now become possible. However even the most indefatigable scholar cannot visit all the archives. He must rely on published sources. Thus the publication of the German documents presents a welcome addition to this task of publishing, one already undertaken by the American, English and Italian governments.—STANLEY SUVAL, North Carolina State University.


The author introduces competition factor into the two stages of the strategic decision making,and the method of real option game is used for enterprises to analyze how to make investment decisions under competition.The results show that enterprises have no impetus to make research and development investment when facing intense competition from business opponents,while on the contrary,the strategic benefit of both sides maybe increased,which gives impetus to enterprises to make research and development in the first stage.If the two sides cooperate with each other from the research and development stage,the strategic income of both sides will be increased by making full use of the flexible value in terms of uncertainty of demand.The conclusion is very useful for us to better understand the strategic decision making mechanism of high tech enterprises and other dynamic industries.


The superconducting upgrade of the REX-ISOLDE radioactive ion beam (RIB) post-accelerator at CERN will utilise a compact lattice comprising quarter-wave resonators (QWRs) and solenoids, accelerating beams in the mass range 2.5 < A/q < 4.5 to over 10 MeV/u. The short and independently phased quarter-wave structures allow for the acceleration of RIBs over a variable velocity profile and provide an unrivalled longitudinal acceptance when coupled with solenoid focusing. The incorporation of the solenoids into the cryomodule shortens the linac, whilst maximising the acceptance, but the application of solenoid focusing in the presence of asymmetric QWR fields can have consequences for the beam quality. The rotation of an asymmetric beam produces an effective emittance growth in the laboratory reference system. We present modifications of the cavity geometry to optimise the symmetry of the transverse fields in the high-β QWR. A racetrack shaped beam port is analysed and a modification made to the inner conductor with a geometry that will enable a niobium film to be effectively sputtered onto the cavity surface.


As one evaluates the current debate between dispensationalism and nondispensationalism, the pervading notion seems to be that dispensationalism is in the midst of an identity crisis. While as a whole the evangelical community is seeking for some common ground in eschatology, certainly a worthy aim, this paper seeks to contribute some understanding to the essence of dispensationalism in a day when the very term has been brought into question by those within dispensational circles. 1 In particular this paper will attempt to articulate the essence of dispensationalism in hermeneutical terms. Earl Radmacher noted that "literal interpretation is the 'bottom-line' of dispensationalism." 2 This "bottom-line" expresses itself in its consistent application to prophetic portions of scripture. 3 Thus, the essence of dispensationalism for Radmacher is the literal interpretation of prophecy. Eschatology must be derived from such an approach to the Bible. What follows is a defense of this position with the goal of added precision. The added precision will come by viewing literal hermeneutics through the eyes of sound theological method. The result is a refinement of Charles Ryrie's famous sine qua non of dispensationalism. One of the arguments used by Progressive Dispensationalists against more traditional approaches is that the history of dispensationalism is discontinuous. 5 Therefore, the reasoning goes, it is erroneous to posit that there is a sine qua non that is true for all dispensationalists for all times. I would agree that the level of understanding concerning the discontinuous areas in the history of dispensationalism needs more study. However, there are a few cautions that I want to put forward as this issue is discussed: • First, little discussion has taken place concerning how continuity and discontinuity in the tradition are to be measured. Historical methodology should be targeted for study to a far greater degree before any pronouncements are made in this area. • Second, Progressive Dispensationalists have tended to focus on discontinuity especially in the area of Ryrie's sine qua non to the exclusion at times of any elements of continuity. For example, literal interpretation, in their view, cannot be part of any sine qua non when a sampling of earlier and later dispensationalists shows any use of nonliteral methods. As we will see later, this is just the tact that has been taken by covenantalists for years. That Ryrie's sine qua non must be taken seriously on the historical level is proven by the fact …


CIE uniform color space and its color difference formula have been widely used in printing industry to control the printing process and evaluate printing quality. Some aspects in characteristics of uniform color space and color difference calculation are discussed in the paper, including CMC color difference formula and the latest CIE DE2000 color difference formula.


Multimedia, as an application, has at its very core the field of signal processing technology. In this article, an attempt is made to provide a historical overview of signal processing through the present, followed by a highly personal speculation for the future. As important as the multimedia technology is today, its further dramatic growth is predictable. Technological constraints, such as communication bandwidth, processing components, availability of open standards, and display technologies are being successfully addressed by industry. Signal processing technologies have made important contributions to all areas of multimedia and will continue to do so. Signal processing has been particularly important in all areas of compression, modeling, and the entire field of digital representation of complex signals.


Since the ancient times,human culture has been progressing in the continuous conflict,fusion and sharing,particularly at present,the globalization tide has speeded up the development of culture exchange.This kind of tendency is the new challenge and opportunity to Marxist culture exchange theory development.In terms of globalization from China to other countries of the world,we must take advantage of the culture exchange between China and the western countries.Besides we must put in place the cultrual common scheme in sino-west cultrue exchange.


T HE present study is undertaken in the belief that the theory of probabilities applied in a new way to weather data may offer an approach to more rational agricultural operations. The region selected is the Great Plains, an area admirably adaptable to a demonstration of the principle involved and, correlatively, an area where the need of applied climatological studies is acute. When a worker borrows a tool specially designed for use in some field of activity other than his own, he cannot hope for satisfactory results if the tool is not adaptable to his particular needs. The geographer who'uses tools from the climatological field-means, departures from normal, percentages of variability, maxima, minima, and the like-must see that he applies them correctly, or misconceptions will arise. He must fit the results of abstract mathematical analysis to the actualities of human activities. We have heard a good deal lately of the inadequacy of means as used in geographical study. Here is an example.


The invention relates to a module awakening method and device, and belongs to the field of mobile terminals. The method includes the steps that a touch signal is acquired through a touch assembly; whether the touch signal meets preset conditions or not is detected; if the touch signal meets the preset conditions, a fingerprint recognition module is awakened. According to the module awakening method and device, when the touch signal acquired by the touch assembly meets the preset conditions, the fingerprint recognition module is awakened; the problem that the runtime of a mobile terminal is greatly influenced by a fingerprint recognition module is solved; the effect that the fingerprint recognition module is only awakened in part of scenes and is in a dormant state at most of the time, and thus the runtime of the mobile terminal will not be greatly influenced is achieved.


aortic origin of a coronary artery ( AAOCA ) can cause sudden death, especially in young athletes. AAOCA does not have any clinical cardiovascular manifestations and sudden death is often the first manifestation ; hence, it is difficult to diagnose AAOCA before a major episode occurs. We report the case of a 58-year old woman with a right coronary artery arising from the left sinus and passing between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Although the results of the exercise treadmill test and various other tests were normal, this patient underwent coronary artery bypass, surgery using the right internal thoracic artery to preventing sudden death. Two years after the operation, she is asymptomatic and has normal results on the exercise treadmill test. Jpn. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 41 : 257 - 261 ( 2012 )


According to the introduction of the problems existed in collaborative virtual environment,a kind of solution with streaming media technique is proposed,which applies the multimedia technique of JAVA,and adopts the three layer B/S design mode.In this scheme,the system architecture of streaming media in collaborative virtual environment based on JAVA is designed.Then,some functions such as capturing,transmitting and playing of relevant streaming media are realized by programming.Finally,in the collaborative virtual environment,following functions are also implemented:person to person real time interacting,communicating and debating.The related feasibility experiment analysis is made too.


Conversion distribution in particles of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) is conceptually described based on balance equations involving mass transfer and chemical reaction. In the physical sorption of chlorine in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as measured by the constant volume cell method, equilibrium concentration and diffusion rate obeyed Henry's law and Fick's law. The rate process of photo chlorination of PVC, which was investigated by the gravimetric method, could be well predicted by theoretical calculation of chlorine diffusion in PVC accompanying the infinitely fast chemical reaction. In a free grain of PVC synthesized by suspension polymerization, the chlorination rate was governed by the polymer-phase diffusion within agglomerates of coalesced primary particles.

To produce homogeneously chlorinated PVC, a periodic photo-irradiation method was theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The effect of the periodic operation on the thermal property of CPVC was evaluated by DSC.


Uncertainties are inherently present in structural parameters such as loadings, boundary conditions or resistance of structural materials. Especially material properties and parameters of wood are strongly varying in consequence of growth and environmental conditions. To include this variation in structural analysis, available data needs to be modelled appropriately, e.g. by means of probability and, furthermore, fuzzy probability based random variables or fuzzy sets. In order to comprehend uncertainties induced by estimating the distribution parameters, the stochastic approach has been extended by fuzzy distribution parameters to fuzzy probability based random variables according to studies by Moller et al. To cope with epistemic uncertainties for e.g. geometric parameters of knotholes, fuzzy sets are used. The consequence for wooden structures is determined by fuzzy stochastic analysis in combination with a Finite Element (FE) simulation using a model suitable for characteristics of a timber structure by Jenkel and Kaliske.


A process of preparing spherical high bulk density nitroguanidine by dissolving low bulk density nitroguanidine in N-methyl pyrrolidone at elevated temperatures and then cooling the solution to lower temperatures as a liquid characterized as a nonsolvent for the nitroguanidine is presented. The process is enhanced by inclusion in the solution of from about 1 ppm up to about 250 ppm of a metal salt such as nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate or chromium nitrate, preferably from about 20 to about 50 ppm.


thought to be a useful procedure and, furthermore, allows enucleation to be performed safely because the diagnosis is known pre-operatively. Cytological findings in aspiration hydatid fluid show classic cytomorphology and allow an unquestionable diagnosis. The fluid aspirated from a hydatid cyst is usually clear and contains debris, a few inflammatory cells and numerous scolices. In old cysts, the scolices may be difficult to find in FNA preparations, but hooklets in a ring-like arrangement remain. The finding of hooklets or scolices is diagnostic of hydatid disease. Although albendazole (which is considered as the preferred medical treatment because of improved intestinal absorption and lower dosage) is used in extraocular infection, it also decreases orbital cyst size and is useful preand postoperatively. Intraoperative cytological evaluation of any cystic mass is a rapid, reliable method for the diagnosis of hydatid disease. Cytologists must therefore be familiar with the cytological features, as fluid from the cyst may be aspirated or submitted intraoperatively.


This work presents an approachto predict the low frequency and wave frequency responses (LFR and WFR) of afloating structure using Kalman smoother adaptive filters based time domain Volterramodel. This method utilized time series of a measured wave height as systeminput and surge motion as system output and used to generate the linear andnonlinear transfer function (TFs). Based on those TFs, predictions of surgemotion in terms of LFR and WFR were carried out in certain frequency ranges ofwave heights. The applicability of the proposed method is then applied in ascaled 1:100 model of a semisubmersible prototype.


I. Introduction: Science as Natural Philosophy, Critical Thinking, and Epistemology Science was in antiquity fully a part of philosophy. But today, science and philosophy still share a strong connection besides ... their advancing frontiers [where] there is no sharp distinction to be made between science and philosophy; (2) or, those philosophical questions that deal with foundational matters not directly addressed by science itself. In between the frontiers and foundations of science, there are the branches of science (positivist social sciences and natural sciences) that, as epistemologies, seek knowledge about how society (and the relationships among individuals within a society), the world, and universe around us works. For understood more broadly, the word science means knowledge (as it is derived from the Latin word scientia). This is consistent with the observation that science may be taken as the systematically organized body of knowledge we know about the natural or physical world. (3) And, because science is primarily concerned with knowledge claims and inquiries about physical reality, it may be considered a subfield of the Theory of Knowledge (also known as Epistemology). But, the Theory of Knowledge is a field of Philosophy. To be sure, as Amy Cools notes in Science & Philosophy: A Beautiful Friendship: [t]here's been some very public dig-taking between the science and philosophy camps lately. Lawrence Krauss, Neil DeGrasse Tyson, Stephen Hawking, and other scientists are saying philosophy's become irrelevant ..., but Cools reminds us that not only is (honest or true) philosophy not in competition with science, but science itself needs philosophy. As she goes on to note, Looking outwards at the world provides the raw material for any system of thought. After all, as Aristotle, Hume, and the other empiricist philosophers point out, all knowledge begins with the information we receive through our senses. There is no reason to think that we could think at all if we have never heard, seen, felt, tasted, or smelled anything to think about. However, it's thinking that allows us to achieve more than just sensing the world would. And philosophy is the human species' way of taking the art of thinking as far as it can go: in doing philosophy we examine what the information we receive through our senses might mean in a larger context and in a deeper way....And as we ask and as we look, in the interplay between the input of our senses and the organization of information through our thought, science then affords reality 'the opportunity to answer us back ', as Rebecca Newberger Goldstein so beautifully puts it in Plato at the Googleplex: Why Philosophy Won't Go Away (2014, p.34). But philosophy not only provides the impetus and the direction for scientific inquiry: once we find out the facts, it helps us figure out what to make of them. At every step of the way, from the application of the rules of logic, to the justification of why we should value or emphasize one set of facts over another in any specific application the formulation of scientific theories relies heavily on philosophy.... [P]hilosophy is prior to, and necessary for, science. To separate philosophy from science is as unhelpful as divorcing the individual from the species: one does not function without the other. In short, [t]here is no honest philosophy without science, but there is no science at all without philosophy. Not surprisingly, then, because its main focus is to seek knowledge about the composition and order of everything in the physical universe, science may be characterized as natural philosophy. (4) As such, it seeks to analyze and evaluate arguments (5) for competing hypotheses in order to (hopefully) discover whether our beliefs correspond with the natural world and/or discover whether there are good reasons and arguments for believing so. …


Combat-related eye injuries are occurring more frequently with the increased use of explosive devices in current military conflicts. While numerous studies have shown that projectile impacts to the eye can cause serious damage to the eye and vision, little is known about the potentially injurious effects of the pressure wave associated with explosions. Therefore, current research focuses on isolating the pressure wave (i.e. primary blast) from other injury mechanisms to evaluate overpressure as a potential injury mechanism. The purpose of this study is to assess the response of the eye to overpressure using three boundary conditions of increasing biofidelity at three survivable overpressure levels. An Advanced Blast Simulator (ABS) was used to isolate and mimic overpressure profiles observed in combat. Pressure levels assessed were 10 psi, 20 psi, and 30 psi static overpressure, as measured along the inner wall of the ABS at the test site. Porcine eyes were tested in isolation, potted in a synthetic orbit, or potted in a 3D printed orbit, and exposed to a single overpressure event. Pressure was measured at various locations within the fluid flow, around the eye, inside the orbit, and inside the eye. Blast wave characteristics (i.e. peak overpressure, positive duration, and positive impulse) were calculated for each location at which pressure was measured. Peak intraocular pressure was used to calculate injury risk for physical and physiologic injuries using previously published injury risk functions. Dissection of each eye revealed that no macroscopic physical injuries were caused by overpressure exposure. In addition, the calculated injury risk for both physical and physiologic injuries due to overpressure exposure was extremely low at the severity levels evaluated in the current study. It is likely that the overpressure severity required to cause severe ocular injuries would likely result in other serious and potentially life-threatening injuries that would take precedence over potential eye injuries. Data from these tests can be used to validate physical and finite element models of the eye and face for evaluating injury risk due to blast overpressure exposure.


This report surveys five recent books regarding childcare practice in Japan. While the shortage of good-quality licensed childcare has been an important issue for years, a major shift has occurred in that the poor treatment of childcare workers is now drawing attention. However, the authors find that pressure to hold down costs and end private sector participation will make it difficult to improve employment conditions or maintain quality of care.


Market entry timing decision is among the most critical strategies made by a firm to expand internationally. In a dynamic and competitive international environment, the entry timing decision involves the need to balance the early entry risks and the problems in losing opportunities as a result of late entry. This study proposes a theoretical framework to investigate the influence of advantages and disadvantages [dis (advantages)] on entry timing decisions of Malaysian construction firms in their international market expansion. Survey questionnaires were sent to 115 Malaysian construction firms listed under the Construction Industry Development Board of Malaysia (CIDB) with 44.7 percent response rate. A total of twenty four (24) (dis) advantages were identified and confirmed using SMART PLS-SEM (partial least square structural equation modeling) to test the model and finally established the findings. The results with β coefficient of 0.538 and t-value of 2.805 indicate that the early mover disadvantages have significantly influenced the entry timing decision of the Malaysian construction firms into international market. Hence, this study illustrates the firms' acquirement of the (dis) advantages based on their late timing of entry into international market. It is hoped that the findings would offer valuable information to Malaysian construction firms with the intention to internationalize either as the early or late movers.


The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake caused enormous casualties and property losses. The post-disaster reconstruction, difficult, complex, and long, is a continuous systematic process, of which the livelihood issue is of paramount importance. This paper, through the field investigation in disaster area, conducts an in-depth study on the post-disaster reconstruction current situation and the trend of public opinion, puts forward a few reflections, analyzes and explores the countermeasures, in order to provide valuable experience and ideas on the reconstruction planning after earthquakes in the future.


Document image quality assessment (DIQA) is an important process for various applications such as optical character recognition (OCR) and document restoration. In this paper we propose a no-reference DIQA model based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), where the rich knowledge of natural scene image characterization of a previously-trained DCNN is exploited towards OCR accuracy oriented document image quality assessment. Following a two-stage deep transfer learning procedure, we fine-tune the knowledge base of the DCNN in the first phase and bring in a task-specific segment consisting of three fully connected (FC) layers in the second phase. Based on the fine-tuned knowledge base, the task-specific segment is trained from scratch to facilitate the application of the transferred knowledge on the new task of document quality assessment. Testing results on a benchmark dataset demonstrate that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance.


Th invention relates to a feed dispenser for birds with a wear-resistant pecking area. This feed dispenser comprises a dispensing pan (2) with a raised mid-section (7), that is surrounded entirely by a base plate (8). This base plate is built up of a plastic base material and a substantially impenetrable contiguous layer (15) of material that is more wear-resistant thant the plastic base material, for example a more wear- resistant plastic or metal. This achieves the advantage that the base plate is protected from perforation by the birds' beaks.


Based on the grain price fluctuation and constant input-output table for 2007,this paper firstly analyzes the correlation between grain price and inflation and the correlation between the agricultural product price and inflation.The results show that grain price and agricultural product price have limited power on inflation.This paper later figures out the other prices impact on CPI with the results that the price rising of natural resources-based sectors,energy production sectors impact powerful both on CPI and the agricultural product price,which suggests the government pay much attention to control such sectors impacting inflation heavily rather than only control the prices of the sectors involved in CPI.


We examined circadian blood pressure rhythm before and two days after onset of n-CPAP therapy in 50 patients, suffering from polysomnograhpically ensured severe obstructive sleep-apnea-syndrome. Measurements were performed using a non-invasive blood pressure registration. Patients with normal circadian blood pressure conditions and those with disturbed circadian rhythm could be differentiated. N-CPAP therapy may normalize circadian blood pressure conditions in some patients.


In the study, we carried out a joint analysis of the spatio-temporal dynamics of ionospheric and stratospheric short-period variability. We analyze the periods of winters of 2008–2009, 2012–2013, and 2018–2019, when strong midwinter sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW) occurred. During quiet winter periods, the stratospheric variability index is shown to be increased at a limited latitudinal interval of 40-65°N. Under SSW condition, the generation of disturbances in the stratosphere stops and a decrease in the stratosphere disturbance index appears. The index keeps low values for up to a month. The latitudinal-temporal distributions of the ionospheric TEC variability index vrTEC also show similar dynamics. The level of ionospheric variability decreases after the SSW onset in the stratosphere. The decrease in the short-period ionospheric variability can be explained by reduction of wave generation in the stratosphere, associated with the destruction of the jet stream during SSW periods.


Current study is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and excellence performance based on EFQM model in small and medium enterprises of Bandar Abbas (Iran). The study population consisted of 249 managers, deputies and experts in small and medium enterprises based in the industrial towns of Bandar Abbas and 152 of the statistical population using cluster sampling - randomly were selected as sample size. In order to collect data, 2 questionnaires were used. These 2 questionnaires'' were about organizational culture and excellence performance based on EFQM model and their validity and reliability was measured. Analysis of collected data was performed using Pearson correlation test and also describing the collected data, was performed using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency tables and graphs and the frequency histogram by computer and SPSS software. Result of the study showed that there is a significant relationship between different kinds of organizational culture and excellence performance based on EFQM model. Finally, limitations on this project and suggestions for further studies have been presented.


The story telling skills of high school students is still based on monocultural approach and it has not been based on multicultural approach yet. Therefore, this research develops Opera model in learning process of story telling with emphasizing on the character values education based on multicultural context. The research problems concern with the need, the characteristic, the design, and the acceptableness of the opera model. The research approach is Research and Development (R&D). The methods of collecting data are questionnaire, interview guidelines, and observation. To analyze the data, it uses qualitative descriptive and quantitave descriptive technique. Based on the need analysis, there are ten learning principles obtained from the research which become the model characteristics. The product of this research is opera model that is equipped with a set of model equipment in its implementation. The acceptableness of the model is known from the experts validation test and the input from the users. The result of this trial model is the students are able to rearch the limited score. The students have more comprehension about character values. The suggestion of this research is that the model product of this research can be used further by other model users in multicultural context.


In densely-packed robot swarms operating in confined regions, spatial interference–which manifests itself as a competition for physical space–forces robots to spend more time navigating around each other rather than performing the primary task. This paper develops a decentralized algorithm that enables individual robots to decide whether to stay in the region and contribute to the overall mission, or vacate the region so as to reduce the negative effects that interference has on the overall efficiency of the swarm. We develop this algorithm in the context of a distributed collection task, where a team of robots collect and deposit objects from one set of locations to another in a given region. Robots do not communicate and use only binary information regarding the presence of other robots around them to make the decision to stay or retreat. We illustrate the efficacy of the algorithm with experiments on a team of real robots.


The objective of this paper is to analyse the economic and financial activity of one of the most representative monasteries of the Cistercian Order in Galicia: the Monastery of Oseira (Ourense). The period analysed has been selected based on the documents which mention this monastery, being the 18th century the most bountiful and complete period. The results obtained in this paper state the great economic splendour the monastery lives during this century as is shown in the substantial amount of products and money collected, which allow them to confront important works and execute a great social labour.


Objective\ To study the WAF1/CIP1 mRNA expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical pathological implication. Methods\ Using semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the expression of WAF1/CIP1 mRNA in 30 HCC samples and their corresponding peritumor liver tissues was detected respectively. Results\ The expression level of WAF1/CIP1 mRNA in HCC samples was lower than that in peritumor liver tissues ( P 0.05). The expression level of WAF1/CIP1 mRNA in HCC samples with intrahepatic metastasis was lower than that in HCC samples without intrahepatic metastasis ( P 0.01). However, no significant difference in expression of WAF1/CIP1 mRNA in HCC samples was found in other clinical pathological parameters ( P 0.05). Conclusion\ The relative lower expression of WAF1/CIP1 mRNA in HCC might contribute to the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC and might be related to the mechanisms of infiltration and metastasis of HCC.\;


WEI Yuan's economic ethics mainly includes the following aspects: gaining profit according to chivalry;distributing rights according to justice;consuming according to thrifty;operating according to modest and amiable rule and the aim is to love people and richen people.His economic ethics,providing ethic motives for economic changes in his times,greatly influenced people.Its basic principles and aims also enlightened the Westernization Movement and the Reformism,the enterprise management and macroscopic control.


The authors present personal results and complications of surgery with application of intraocular disc lenses. Evaluation of this model of intraocular lenses is positive. The authors are encouraging to their use.


Plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown from seed in open-top growth chambers at present day (350 μmol mol -1 ) and double the present day (700 μmol mol -1 ) atmospheric CO 2 concentration with either low (L, without additional nutrient solution) or relatively high (H, with additional nutrient solution) nutrient supply. Measurements of assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency were started 17 d after sowing on each fully expanded, primary leaf of three plants per treatment


One of the most sensitive factors affecting hydropower generation is climate change. The objective of this study is to forecast the hydropower generation under the influence of climate change for the next 50 years. For this purpose, the GFDL‐CM3 model is used under three scenarios: RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 to predict precipitation and temperature. Any change in the inlet flow to the turbine will cause changes in the hydropower output. Therefore, the more accurately the flow is estimated, the hydropower generation is forecasted more accurately. In this research, a hydrological‐neural network hybrid model for flow prediction is presented in which the Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (ISSA) has been used. The results forecasting climate parameters showed that the average annual rainfall, runoff, and evaporation have a downward trend compared to the control period. The minimum and maximum annual temperatures have an increasing trend compared to the control period. To evaluate the hydropower generation Aras dam, the HEC‐Ressim reservoir model is utilized. By comparing the average annual hydropower with the control period, it is known that the power generation will decrease in future years. The average annual electricity generated by hydropower under the scenario RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in the next 50 years will decrease by approximately 3.36, 4.62, and 6.64 MW.


This research is based on a description of the impact of ignorance of customer queries by retail sales staff on customer purchase decisions. This study is a questionnaire-based survey, and the analysis of the questionnaire and literature review is used to derive the conclusions. The outcomes of this research have revealed that the impact of ignorance of customer queries by retail sales staff has a positive correlation with the customer purchase decision. This research has described the impact of ignorance of customer queries by retailer sales staff through four constructs including customer satisfaction, customer trust, salesperson personality and purchase intention. The fact is when we define something as being important, we do everything possible to achieve it, and this is often related to the acquisition of some good. Even if your niche does not directly involve some personal purpose of your persona, it can do so in an indirect way, and if well explored, this concept can be very lucrative. Daily decisions are made on a day-to-day basis, although this decision-making process is hardly thought of. For marketing, this process, through the understanding of the customer buying decision process, is fundamental, since it allows the planning of better marketing strategies, contributing to a greater success of the brands. The concluding remarks of this research can be used as an information reference for the marketing managers, industrialists, and business-oriented people.


The article analyses the spatial distribution of the industrial enterprises in Sofia in the framework of the overall urban development of the city from the time of the creation of the modern industry until World War II. It seeks to explore the evolution in the spatial distribution of the industry and to outline the factors determining the trends in this aspect. In Sofia there were practically no significant manufacturing enterprises around the time it became Bulgaria's capital, but this radically changed within the next two decades, during which were built dozens of new plants. However, this industrial development brought many new challenges to the city, including questions regarding the integration of the factories in the urban system. In addition, the city authorities had to deal with a number of environmental concerns like water and air pollution. First, the article examines several characteristic cases of individual plants with the aim to outline main motives in the decision process regarding the selection of proper locations. The article also deals with certain state regulations and urban plans that tend to direct the process and try to create larger and compacter industrial zones towards the end of the examined period. The first regulation plans paid no special attention to the location of the industry. Gradually the urban planners became aware of the importance of the issue and various ideas were proposed in the second decade of the 20 century, but this question was elaborated in details in the project of German urban planner A. Mueussmann from the late 1930s, which despite its formal abolition in socialist Bulgaria had a significant impact on the capital's urban development.


In order to timely and effectively respond to external influences in any system, it is necessary to have the ability to detect external impacts at early stages of their manifestation. It is particularly important to stop access to the system if a malicious actor has already breached it. This requires conducting timely investigations into the causes and methods of the breach, anticipating such possibilities in the future, and ensuring more reliable protection. Traditionally, methods of attack detection are divided into two broad categories: misuse detection and anomaly detection. This paper considers approaches to early detection of anomalies in the system's operation at early stages by analyzing the entropy of the event log. This method is used for both detecting anomalies in network traffic and for analyzing anomalies in event logs on hosts, which can also indicate intrusion attempts. The study conducted on the example of Windows event logs showed that entropy analysis can detect early security threshold breaches in the number of messages in the event log. Such indicators can indicate anomalies in the operation of the information system. The method proposed in the article can be applied in intrusion detection systems, which notify the security administrator about possible misuse or intrusion attempts.


The Fast Auroral SnapshoT (FAST) explorer frequently observes the auroral density cavity, which is the source region for Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR). An important factor in the generation of AKR is the relative abundance of hot and cold electrons within the cavity, since hot electrons introduce relativistic modifications to the wave dispersion. VLF wave‐form data acquired by FAST within the auroral density cavity show clear signatures of whistler‐mode waves propagating on the resonance cone. This allows us to obtain the electron plasma frequency, and the cavity often has densities <1 cm−3. Moreover, the hot electrons can be the dominant electron species, enabling AKR to be generated below the cold electron gyro‐frequency.


A 76-year old female patient was admitted to hospital for a 5-year history of vulval ulcer and exophthalmos,6-month history of erythema and erosions under the breasts,and 3-month history of dia- betes insipidus.The lesions included erythematous patches,and papules partially covered with crusts,which were mainly located at the inframammary folds,axillary fossa and waist.Histopathologically,there was a local infiltration with large cells containing abundant cytoplasm,lymphoid cells in the upper dermis;a number of the large cells were observed in the epithelium or follicular epithelium.These large cells,which were pos- itive for S100,CD1a,but negative for CD68,often had a large and atypical nucleus with halo around it.The case is diagnosed as Langerhans cell histiocytosis according to the clinical feature,histopathological and im- munohistochemical findings.


Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder and it is the most common chronic bone disease, which affected women more than men .Aim :The aim of the study was to investigate nutritional indicators regarding osteoporosis among female non-medical college students at Qassim university .Methods: A cross – sectional descriptive research design was used for conducted this study on 414 female non-medical college students at Qassim university using 5 adapted self-administered tools as sociodemographic data ; knowledge assessment about osteoporosis which consisted of 20 items , nutritional habits consisted of 33 items ; 7 items concerning pattern of exercise and final tool towards anthropometric measurements which includes 5 items related to Height, weight, wrist circumference, arm circumference, chest circumference. Results: revealed that (91.5%) of students performed regularly exercises. Also, there are a statistically significance relation between student's age and their weight and wrist circumstance and between student's marital status and their weight while a highly statistically significance relation were found between student's residence and their height, chest and wrist circumstance. Conclusion: More than two-third of students has a good knowledge regarding osteoporosis and preventive measures especially nutritional aspects as an indicator of osteoporosis. About half of student's have ideal anthropometric measurements as weight; height; a chest; arm circumference and Wrist circumference. Recommendations: Further research studies should be undertaken on the effect of nutritional adequacy for women on occurrence of osteoporosis on large sample size to generalize the result of study to improve women preventive attitude regarding preventive diet, exercises, and ambulation as a nutritional indicators in many geographical areas to investigate the confounding factors that hinder women's optimal health.


The article presents a clinical case of a patient with acute intermittent porphyria, treated in the Hematology Department of the Republic Clinical Hospital of Tatarstan. The patient was hospitalized several times with suspected acute surgical pathology before the final diagnosis was made. Acute intermittent porphyria is manifested by various nonspecific symptoms, making the doctors prescribe multiple diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations without any effect. A literature review shows that diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria is often delayed and treatment does not start on time. Also, the lack of medications for pathogenetic therapy complicates treatment and increases lethality. The article describes all stages of the diagnostic search and therapeutic methods of this disease.