This study aimed to provide an overview of the development of budgetary slack research in Indonesia. The research method was charting the field developed by Hesford et al. (2007). In this study, articles were classified based on topics, research methods, samples, and theories. The research samples were 161 articles published in 35 journals accredited by Sinta 1, 2, and 3 with 23 years of observation from 1999-2021. The results showed that for the research topic, the budget participation variable was the most widely used antecedent in research. Then as many as 157 articles used quantitative research methods, the most widely used samples were Local government work unit (SKPD) budget makers, and the most widely used theory in budgetary slack research was agency theory. Suggestions for further budgetary slack research are to use an experimental research design with research participants from professional accountants, managers, or employees who are directly involved in the budgeting process. In addition, it can examine several internal influence variables (moral reasoning, locus of control, religiosity, honesty, ethics, managerial trust, and motivation) and external influence variables (compensation scheme (clawback) and compliance pressure).


This study aims to improve critical thinking skills and independent learning of students through problem based learning models in class V. The method used in this research is classroom action research. PTK is carried out for 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 2 learning meetings with 1 meeting one learning implementation plan. The research procedure consists of several stages, namely the planning, action, observation and reflection. The research subjects were class V MIM 01 Sambong with 22 students consisting of 8 male students and 14 female students. This research data collection tool uses a critical thinking skills test, learning independence attitude questionnaire, student activity observation sheet and teacher activity observation sheet. The results of increasing critical thinking skills and students' learning independence can be seen at each stage of the cycle. The results of this CAR show that PBL models can improve critical thinking skills and learning independence in class V MIM 01 Sambong. Students show each cycle. Cycle 1 gets an average of 3.04 while cycle 2 gets an average of 3.74 with good criteria meanwhile in independent learning, cycle 1 gets average of 3,2 in the other hand cycle 2 gets average of 3,67 with good criteria


Care must be taken to ensure that economic hardship doesn't lead to medication non-adherence and entrench social inequalities, write Tamas Agh and colleagues


Measuring the quality of lexical-semantic resources is a challenging problem. In this paper, we describe a general approach for quality evaluation in lexical-semantic resources in terms of the quality of their synsets. We also introduce a complete definition for the quality of lexical-semantic resources as a set of synset incorrectness, incompleteness, and connectivity measures that evaluate all synset components. This study demonstrates that synset quality is a summation process that integrates the quality measures of synset components. Furthermore, we then address the main challenges that affect the optimal quality achievement of lexicalsemantic resources. Our work, thus, serves to evaluate the quality of monolingual and multilingual lexical-semantic resources and achieves accurate results in natural language processing (NLP) applications.


The pot culture experiment was conducted to determine the effects of the different concentrations(0,0.02,0.1,0.5,2.5 mmol·L-1) of salicylic acid(SA) on photosynthetic characteristics,growth,dry matter yield and quality of forage of Melilotoides ruthenica at the early flowering stage under normal irrigation(80% field capacity),mild water stress(60% field capacity),moderate water stress(40% field capacity) and severe water stress(20% field capacity) in order to understand the effects of exogenous SA on drought tolerance of Melilotoides ruthenica at the early flowering stage.Results showed that water stress decreased photosynthesis,and had negative impact on the growth,yield and quality of forage of Melilotoides ruthenica.Under normal irrigation,salicylic acid didn't significantly affect all the indexes.Under mild water stress,0.1 mmol·L-1 salicylic acid significantly increased photosynthetic rate(Pn),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),plant height and ethanol extract(EE) content,but significantly decreased stomatal limitation value(Ls) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) compared with the control(P0.05).Under moderate water stress,0.5 mmol·L-1 salicylic acid significantly increased stomatal conductance(Gs),Ci,stem diameter,primary shoot number,dry matter yield,crude ash(CA) content and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD),but significantly decreased Ls(P0.05);Under severe water stress,0.5 mmol·L-1 salicylic acid significantly increased Pn,water use efficiency(WUE),plant height,dry matter yield and IVDMD,significantly decreased NDF(P0.05).These results suggested that salicylic acid with the appropriate concentrations improved photosynthesis of Melilotoides ruthenica at the early flowering stage under water stress,and increased the dry matter yield and quality of forage.


An approximate approach was formulated to estimate the coefficient of convective mass transfer from small preshaped rectangular fragments of oil sands when subjected to hot streams of products of combustion of lean mixtures to hydrogen in air at low Reynolds number and at temperatures up to 1000 {Kappa}. A simple expression which was derived to correlate the mass transfer coefficient in terms of convective steam temperature is shown to fit the experimental data well.


Very wide binaries (> 500 AU) are subject to numerous encounters with flying-by stars in the Galactic field and can be perturbated into highly eccentric orbits (e ~ 0.99). For such systems tidal interactions at close pericenter passages can lead to orbit circularization and possibly mass transfer, consequently producing X-Ray binaries without the need for common envelope. We test this scenario for the case of Black Hole Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries (BH LMXBs) by performing a population synthesis from primordial binaries with numerical treatment of random stellar encounters. We test various models for the threshold pericenter distance under which tidal forces cause circularization. We estimate that fly-by interactions can produce a current population of ~ 60$-$220 BH LMXBs in the Galactic field. The results are sensitive to the assumption on tidal circularization efficiency and zero to very small BH natal kicks of a few km/s are required. We show that the most likely donors are low-mass stars (< 1 Msun; at the onset of mass transfer) as observed in the population of known sources (~ 20). However, the low number of systems formed along this route is in tension with most recent observational estimate of the number of dormant BH LMXBs in the Galaxy 10$^4-$10$^8$ (Tetarenko et al. 2016). If indeed the numbers are so high, alternative formation channels of BHs with low-mass donors need to be identified.


It is becoming more widely accepted, as science progresses, that there are few persons who are either wholly male or wholly female but rather that there is a little of the female in all men and a little of the male in all women. The ratio may sometimes be unduly exaggerated and far from the usual normal proportions, which may make it difficult at times to determine whether the individual is basically a male or a female. For this kind of person the term "intersex" has been coined. The case reported here presents one of these problems of intersexuality. It is not within the province of this report to enter into the theories of formation, suggested mechanisms, hypothetic causative factors or reports of the various classifications of intersexes. For those interested in recently proposed theories and collective reviews of the subject, suitable references are offered. 1 Here, the statement should


Development of the international banking business, the formation of its new paradigm in the context of globalization of the financial system and the intensification of global economic relations in recent years requires the innovative component. The combination of innovations, financial and external economic environment is one of the most important factors that characterize the phenomenon of the "new economy". Therefore, innovative processes should be considered in conjunction with the changes of the processes connected with the foreign trade banking.  The article gives a brief overview of the scientific literature on the international banking business and its innovative trends. Prerequisites are disclosed, direction and purpose of banking innovations, the area of their implementation and multi-vector forms of manifestation, reveals problems of innovative development of the international banking business, identifies potential paths of their solutions. The necessity of implementation of the innovative methods and instruments of bank service of foreign economic activity is justified and measures for their introduction in this process are offered.  A wide spectrum of innovative trends of international banking business is defined as internal competitive environment, and external vectors. The author draws the attention to the contribution of the improvement of the sustainability and competitiveness of the business in terms of volatility of market processes. In the article on the example of the Republic of Azerbaijan presents practical recommendations on the development of innovative technologies in the banking system, the implementation of main tasks in this area, which are aimed to the development of effective management decisions on innovative international banking business in the foreseeable short and medium term.


farmland transfer is the prerequisite of development of firmland for the realization of farmland large-scale,industrialization and modernization.Promoting the circulation of farmland will have a significant role in solving the "three rural" issue.At present,the circulation of farmland in China face many difficulties ——with individual,inefficient,passive and disorder and most of the region have slower circulation,a smaller proportion.How to regulate,guide and promote the circulation of farmland is an urgent problem to resolve.This article attempts to find out the realistic barriers of farmland transfer,break the plight of the circulation of farmland in China and construct the transfer mechanism of efficient,standardized and orderly operation which the market,the Government and the farmers participate in concert.


Nowadays English is used as a lingua franca for international relationships. Committing errors in using it may become a hindrance to effective communication. Therefore, knowing about the kinds of errors which are commonly committed by the language users, specially the non-native users of this language, seems essential. This paper presents an analysis and categorization of the most dominant errors of intermediate and elementary Iranian EFL learners in writing.


Let M be a hyperbolizable 3-manifold with boundary, and let χ0(M) be a component of the PSL2C-character variety ofM that contains the convex co-compact characters. We show that the peripheral map i∗ : χ0(M) → χ(∂M) to the character variety of ∂M is a birational isomorphism with its image, and in particular is generically a one-to-one map. This generalizes work of Dunfield (one cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds) and Klaff-Tillmann (finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds). We use the Bonahon-Schläfli formula and volume rigidity of discrete co-compact representations.


The utility model relates to an electric fryer with an electric lifting mechanism, comprising members of a box body, an oil receiving box, a top cover, a fryer body, a heating pipe, a food net basket, a thermostat, a fuse, a timer, etc., an electric lifting assembly and a food net basket assembly. The electric lifting assembly is composed of a lifting wheel, a cam, travel switches and a motor. A shaft of the motor is successively provided with the cam and the lifting wheel. Both sides of the shaft of the motor on the box body are fixedly provided with the travel switches. The food net basket assembly is composed of the food net basket, a rocker A, a rocker B, a support, a sliding draw hook, a sliding sheath and a handle. The food net basket is suspended in the fryer body through the rocker A and the rocker B. The rocker A is respectively clamped into clamping positions of the support and the sliding drag hook. The handle is connected with the sliding draw hook through the shaft. The utility model can automatically lift and descend the food net basket and realizes the automatization of the process of frying. The utility model has the advantages of simple operation, convenience, high speed, oil saving, and automatic filtration to be dry.


We examine the application of band theory to actinide systems. The fundamental aspects are considered to define the limits of applicability. We then consider the more practical approximate applications to demonstrate their underlying assumptions and range of applicability. Examples are drawn primarily from our own work on Th, a-U and UGe_. Nous considerons 1'application de la theorie des bandes aux actinides. Les aspects fondamantaux sont traite*s pour definir les limites d'applicabilite. En suite nous conslderous des applications pratique approxlmatives pour demontrer les suppositions de base et la limite de leur applicabilites. Les examples sont tirees principalement de notre travail sur Th, a-U et UGeo. (if usefulness, nf any intimjtaliiH]. apparatus. pnuitM <n j pmcesji disclosed. tit re pic >* nts itui us uw v.«u\J tint j infringe pnvale|> nwneil nplits ' Introduction Although there has been a fairly steady effort applying band theory to actinide systems for roughly ten years, these studies are still in their early stages-i.e., not as precise or as detailed as those for the transition metals. This is due primarily to the fact that the actinides are at the limit of applicability of band theory. It is also a result of additional complications which arise from the tendency of the actinides to crystallize in lower symmetry structures and the need for treating them with relativistic kinematics. We consider these problems in the next two sections and then discuss the directions future research might take. Band Theory Formalism For Actinides The essence of band theory lies in the assumption that one can write the total density of the system as a sum of single electron contributions and that these contributions can be obtained by solving single-particle equations which involve some form of effective potential. The density functional forma1 2 lism of Hohenberg, Kohn, and Sham ' assures one that this can be done for any non-degenerate ground state of a spin-less system. Von Barth and Hedin have extended this formalism to include spin but the requirement of a non-degenerate ground state persists. There exists an extensive analysis based on this formalism. We need here only the result that we are to solve a set of single-particle equations (K + Vc(r) + Vxc)4> = edi (1) where K is the non-interacting kinetic energy operator (ccx*p_), V (r) is the Coulomb potential, and V (r) is the exchange correlation contribution which Is normally obtained from homogeneous electron gas results and is treated as a local operator. Although this is an approximate form of the formalism, it is adequate for our considerations here. This local form is inherently a high density approximation as it is im2 1/3 portant that lCj, = (3tr p) be large compared to the Fourier components of the density, i.e, the Fermi wavelength should be short compared to the variation in density. Actinides actually satisfy this criterion better than any other materials. It is easy to show that high density actually helps in another way as well: namely, it tends to diminish the relative importance of the electron gas correlations. Thus if one writes the exchange correlation as Vxc = a(p) 2/iT kF = 2a(p) ( | p ) 1 / 3 (2) 3 4 and plots two evaluations ' of ct(p) as in Fig. 1, one sees that they both approach a = 2/3 for large p(r •> 0) as do the X prescriptions. S 0, Hence, the uncertainties in exchange correlation potential have minimal effect for the actinides. Relativistic effects for this functional are not significant in the valence and conduction bands. ' So for the nondegenerate ground state of the paramagnetic system, the formalism is resonably well developed. However, local density functional theory considers only the total energy and density of the ground state. It does not define a meaning for the single particle eigenvalues or eigenfunctions nor does it discuss the excited states. One can proceed, however, by identifying the single particle eigenvalues with the occupation number derivative of Q the total energy : z = dE /dn . Thus, for those cases where the change in eigenvalue with the change in occupation number is negligible, the use of the band energies is appropriate. Otherwise one must use the g transition state which is prohibitively expensive for most solid state problems. The problem of the occupation number dependence of the eigenvalues occurs when one is dealing with spacially localized solutions such as those for core electrons. When the occupation of one of these orbltals is changed, the large intra-atomic coulomb interaction U is greatly modified. The 5f orbitals are intermediate between the localization of a core electron and the delocalization of a s-p like valence or conduction electron. This is the crucial point in applying band theory to the actinides. The band eigenvalues will be directly applicable if £ = fU/W < 1 (where f is the fractional f-orbital occupation and W is the width of the band) as has been shown for the Ugh: actinide systems. We here consider a few examples. Consider for the case of a free atom two configurations of impor3 2 1 2 5 2 5 1 tance for ot-U: U(f d s ) and U(f ' d ' s ) . We write the derivative expression for the eigenvalues 5e, = U, 6n, + X., fin. f f t rd d 6 E = U, Sn, + X., 6n_ d d d fd f 12 in the same fashion as Cox and Lloyd have used or the rare earths. For simplicity, we average out the spin-orbit effects throughout our discussions. Because the d-orbitals are quite extended, we can assume Ud ^ 0. Then one finds X ^ 0.7eV and U ^ 3.4eV. Note that this 3 + 3 2 5 5 result depends on the ionic state. For U (f •> f ' d' ) this same analysis gives U ^ 25.6 eV! The principle cause of this difference is that in U all orbitals have been drastically contracted relative to the neutral configurations. This shows the significance of the spacial extant of the orbitals. When the atoms are put together to form a solid, one significant change is that the "atom" is now constrained to a finite volume. This 13 is the basis of the renormalized atom approximation. The major effect of this renormalization will be to increase the density of the outer non-f orbitals near the nucleus and to cause the f-orbitals to expand. Bonding will induce further expansion thereby reducing the size of Up to roughly 1-1,3eV (note that the U defined here is half the energy to form a polar state). ' The other significant feature is that this bonding will also reduce f. In a-U, the bands at the Fermi energy have f ̂ .8 and W ^ 2.5 eV so £ ̂ .4. y~U is a less favorable case for a band treatment as the near-neighbor separation is larger and the f-f interaction is reduced. From Table I of ref. 14, considering ( f d s -* f d s ) gives X,f ^ .2eV and Uf ^ 1.4eV. When one con3 1 2 4 0 2 siders ( f d s + f d s ), one gets roughly half this value due, again, 4 0 2 Co the expansion of the f-orbitals. In fact, in the f d s case the atomic f orbitals do not even bind without the application of an external potential. Lacking the occupation number decomposition, we set f=l and obtain £ < 0.5 For the very ionic systems, Uf can be quite large. But it need not be if the f-orbitals bond with other orbitals. In our study of 3+ UGe , we found that our best potential was generated with a U ion 2 1 0 density in the configuration f d s . Yet by comparing the band results 2 5 5 to those from an assumed f * d* configuration, we find that Uf should be slightly less than 2 eV giving £ ̂ 1 consistent with UGe_ being a 18 19 spin-fluctuation system. ' This reduction in U from 25 eV can be attributed to the formation of a p-f bond with the effect that the fcharacter is expanded by 20% relative to the ionic orbital (cf. Fig. 2 which compares the f-component density to that of the atomic case). The d-orbitals show the ionic contraction. Actinide Band Theory In Current Practice A formally correct application of band theory would involve performing a self-consistent field (SCF) calculation for the electronic structure in which no assumptions are made about the shapes of the solutions or potentials involved. Because the actinides have a large atomic number, their electrons experience a deep potential well near the nucleus and move at relativistic speeds. Thus the correct calculation must include relativistic kinematics. Clearly, since such an SCF calculation is a difficult task, it is often necessary to extract the physics with an approximate calculation. As the approximations made reflect assumptions about the system and, of course, affect the precision of the results, it is important to understand them. We first briefly consider the approximations to the kinematics. The simplest of these is the non-relativistic approximation. We have 14 discussed this previously and concluded that it was too course for our purposes although empirical tests do indicate that one can get the 20 gross features in this manner. Since one can, for the same effort, perform calculations in which the mass-velcc'ty and Darwin terms are included but only the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is omitted, the fully non-relativistic approximation is difficult to justify. There are various schemes for omitting the SOC. For brevity we consider here 21 only our own scheme. It is designed to retain a definite spin for inclusion of magnetic interactions (which is not true of all schemes) 22 and is a specific form of the elimination method. 2 For the Dirac hamiltonian H = Bmc + ccx*£ + V and solution IJJ with 2 eigenvalue (me + E), one can write {$mc + C a»£ [me(1-0) + E V]" 1 C a-p_ + V> i|/ (me + E)i|> where now the large and small components are decoupled. Kaar the nucleus where the relativistic effects are significant, the potential is spherical and one can separate completely the SOC term for the large component. This is then ignored to do a spin-orbitless calculation. The omission of SOC is a great computational aid as it reduces the size of the secular equation by a factor of two. Even if SOC must finally be in


Soil-structure dynamic interaction(SSDI) is an important content of earthquake engineering and earthquake resistance of engineering structures.However,very few researches have been done on SSDI under blasting vibration so far.A 3D element model of Pile-soil-structure interaction(PSSI) system was developed using finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA.Blasting seismic wave is inputted on the tip of pile and better results are achieved.The results show that the displacement,acceleration and shear stress at piles top are larger than those at piles tip,and the distribution laws are inverted triangles.The connections of pile and pile cap are vulnerable to damage.PSSI system sustains its vibration after the impact of blasting seismic waves,but the effect of the vibration is smaller than the blasting seismic waves does,which roughly conforms to the measured results.What's more,under the impact of blasting seismic waves,the contact pressure between soil and pile is relatively large at top of the corner pile.However,after the impact of blasting seismic waves,the contact pressure at top of the center pile is relatively large.Meanwhile,the contact pressure between soil and pile has certain periodic regularity until it attenuates to zero


Michael G. Peletz, Gender Pluralism: Southeast Asia since Early Modern Times, Taylor & Francis, October 2008, 240 pages, £16.99, ISBN 0415931614. Gender crossing has a long history in Asia. Since 1450 the Malaysian concept of 'pondan' has referred to an adolescent or adult male who dresses, walks or behaves sexually like a woman. Such individuals were historically granted enormous prestige and often served as sacred mediators between both males and females and humans and nature. However, the position of such people has changed. Current governments in Asia have sought to stigmatise, criminalise and ultimately eliminate gender crossing, and any other non-heterosexual behaviour. Peletz focuses on two highly publicised court cases in Malaysia; the first involves a woman posing as a man who married a woman; the second involves a former Deputy Prime Minister who has been in prison since 1998 on allegations of sodomy.


4 Gulhane Askeri Tip Akademisi, Kalp Damar Cerrahi AD., Etlik /Ankara Abstract Introduction: Evidence-based nursing applications are seen as an important factor in increasing the quality of care in cardiology and cardiovascular surgery departments. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the barriers and facilitating factors related to utilizing the results of nursing researches perceived by cardiology and cardiovascular surgery nurses. Method: The study was carried out with a total of 51 cardiology and cardiovascular surgery nurses from two training hospitals in Ankara between July 1 and 30, 2008, as a descriptive study. The Barriers scale which was developed by Funk et al. and nurse description form, which was constituted by researchers, were used for the study. Results: The mean age of the nurses in the study was 30.67± 5.59, and the mean duration of employment was 10.06± 6.77 years. Most of nurses (54.9%) had graduated from Nursing Health Vocational High School, 90.2% of them had not participated in a research or a scientific activity (78.4%), 98% of them do not read journals regularly, and 88.2% of them do not take post graduation courses on research methods The most important barriers perceived by nurses' were "lack of time, collaboration, and self authority" according to Barriers Scale. It was determined that the scale general mean point was 60.96±20.58 and nurses perceived middle level barriers to utilizing the results of nursing studies. The nurses have recommended the most important facilitating factors as "Support and encouragement from hospital management for nurses to carry out research and use the results", and "educational support for research". Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that the barriers and facilitating factors related to utilizing the results of nursing researches perceived by cardiology and cardiovascular surgery nurses were parallel with similar study results. It is assessed that nurses be trained in research and evidence-based applications, and supported from hospital management could be useful. (Anatol J Clin Investig 2008:2(4);160-166). Hemsirelik arastirmalarinin amac i, kan ita dayal i uygulama (KDU) icin saglam bir temel olusturmak, hemsirelerin bu temeli en iyi sekilde kullanmasini ve uretilen bilginin hemsirelik uygulamalarina dayanak olusturmasini


some 1q21–22 was identified as the location of a major and Radiology vulnerability locus for familial schizophrenia with suffi-University of North Carolina School of Medicine cient power to permit positional cloning of the underlying gene(s) (Brzustowicz et al., 2000). Environmental factors (including exposure to infectious , autoimmune, toxic, or traumatic insults and stress Introduction during gestation or childhood) also may play a role in Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that is expressed in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, perhaps via subtle the form of abnormal mental functions and disturbed alterations of neurodevelopment (Marcelis et al., 1998). behavior. These manifestations characteristically ap-Moreoever, maturational processes including apopto-pear in the late second and third decades of life as a sis, synaptic pruning, and myelination, occurring in the heterogeneous constellation of three classes of clinical postnatal period through adolescence, may unmask the features. Positive symptoms include delusions (false be-genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia (Lewis, 1997; Jar-liefs), hallucinations (false perceptions), and thought dis-skog et al., 2000; Raedler et al., 2000). Thus, the etiology organization. Negative symptoms refer to the loss of of schizophrenia has been conceptualized as involving motivation and emotional vibrancy. Disturbances in ba-multiple hits (consisting of genes conferring vulnerability sic cognitive functions, such as attention, executive and environmental insults), which are revealed in the functions, and specific forms of memory (particularly context of developmental maturation of brain circuitry. working memory), are also consistently observed in pa-However, unlike other genetic neurodevelopmental dis-tients and are now thought to be central to the behavioral orders (e.g., Down's syndrome or Fragile X syndrome), disturbances and functional disability of schizophrenia. or severe gestational and birth traumas (e.g., fetal hyp-In addition, many patients have concomitant mood oxia or kernicterus), there are no immediate overt mani-symptoms including depression and anxiety that may festations of schizophrenia. Rather, most individuals ap-contribute to the 10% lifetime incidence of suicide in pear to function normally until they enter the greatest period of risk in late adolescence and early adulthood. schizophrenia. The 1% lifetime incidence of schizophrenia is fairly consistent across cultures, countries, racial groups, and Etiology genders (Bromet and Fennig, 1999). There are, however, Vulnerability to schizophrenia is clearly related to ge-some notable exceptions that support the involvement netic factors (Tsuang, 2000). Family, twin, and adoption of the hypothesized etiologic factors previously de-studies have demonstrated that the morbid risk of scribed. Studies in both the northern and summer hemi-schizophrenia in relatives correlates with the degree of …


Triafulvene (1) is the simplest [n]fulvene. Interest in triafulvenes centered on the potential contributions (in the ground state) of dipolar 'aromatic' structures of the type la, in which three-membered ring assumes 'cyclopropenium' character2-5). Various attempts have been made to increase these dipolar contributions by introducing electron withdrawing substituents at the exocyclic carbon atom (C4) of the triafulvene skeleton2-6). A striking illustration of this trend is the study of the triapentafulvalene (2) system, motivated by the search for aromatic 'cyclopropenium-cyclopentadienide' structures (2a)3). Cyclopropenone (3), the simplest [n]annulenone, may also fall within the category of triafulvenes formally being viewed upon as 4-oxatriafulvene with a potential contribution of a cyclopropenium oxide (3a) structure to the ground state resonance hybride5,7,8).


Abstract Due to the increased incidence of cervical cancer in Romania, early detection of its causes and the taking of preventive measures are imperative. In this sense, the aim of our study was to evaluate the infectious and non-infectious risk factors associated with the occurrence of dysplasia and cervical cancer. We conducted a study that included 250 patients who presented themselves at the gynecological office of Policlinica 2 Constanta for specialist consultation (control or treatment) during 1 year. During their visits, Pap smear, tests for identify bacterial and fungic infections were collected together with responses to a questionnaire that evaluated the presence of socio-economical and other medical risks factor associated with dysplasia and cervical cancer.. The most important identified risk factors associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer are beginning sexual activity before the age of 16, pregnancy or abortion before the age of 18, use of empirical contraceptive methods, sexual relations with more than 3 partners during life. Higher proportion of patients with displasya of cervical cancer presented infection with different types of non-viral microorganisms compared to women with normal results.


Women constitute about half of the world population and half of the workforce; yet, they are still largely underrepresented in leadership roles. Whereas early studies focused on individual-level antecedents (i.e., fix the women approaches) to explain what hinders female employees from climbing the career ladder, recent research has shifted toward including the role of societal or organizational antecedents (i.e., fix the environment approaches). However, a factorthat characterizes every organization, namely its hierarchical structure, has received little scholarly attention. The authors provide a brief review of the hierarchy literature and subsequently discuss the advantages of organizing work in flat hierarchies, with a particular focus on the potential benefits for female leadership from a PersonOrganization Fitperspective. The chapter closes with a discussion of short- and long-term practical implications that could help organizations to slowly transition from a steep hierarchical structure to a less hierarchical environment that promotes women and men equally.


The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between financial management and competitiveness of tourism sector companies in the Colombian-Venezuelan border. The research was applied, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational with no experimental and field design, supported by the survey instrument, which was applied to the administrators and financial managers of tourism companies. As a result, it was obtained that the majority qualified with a high level of presence of the indicators. Likewise, it was concluded that there is a consistent correlation between the variables financial strategies and competitiveness, by identifying financial planning and competitiveness for the success of tourism businesses in the Colombian-Venezuelan border. Keyword Financial management, Competitiveness, Planning


OBJECTIVES
Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Post-traumatic seizures occur in 25% of children with severe traumatic brain injury and may worsen outcomes. Our objective was to use a retrospective cohort study to examine the association between the early seizure occurrence and the choice of early antiseizure medication in children with traumatic brain injury.

DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information Systems database, 2010-2017.

SETTING
Fifty-one U.S. children's hospitals.

PATIENTS
Children (< 18 yr old at admission) with diagnostic codes for traumatic brain injury who were mechanically ventilated at the time of admission and with hospital length of stay greater than 24 hours.

INTERVENTIONS
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
A total of 3,479 children were identified via coding and including in the analysis. Patients receiving antiseizure medication starting day 0 with levetiracetam were compared with those receiving phenytoin. The outcome was seizure occurrence, identified using validated International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. The median (interquartile range) age of patients was 4 (1-11) years, and the most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident, occurring in 960 of patients (27%). A total of 2,342 patients (67%) received levetiracetam on day 0 and 1,137 patients (33%) received phenytoin on day 0. Totally 875 patients (37%) receiving levetiracetam on day 0 developed seizures, compared with 471 patients (41%) receiving phenytoin on day 0 (p = 0.02). Upon multivariable analysis adjusting for age, injury by child abuse, subdural hemorrhage, ethnicity, and admission year, children receiving phenytoin on day 0 were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.07-1.48) times more likely to be associated with post-traumatic seizure occurrence, compared with children receiving levetiracetam on day 0 (p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Early administration of levetiracetam was associated with less-frequent seizure occurrence than early administration of phenytoin in mechanically ventilated children with traumatic brain injury. Additional studies are necessary to determine if the association is causal or due to unmeasured confounders and/or selection bias.


In this paper, the strain effects on the energy barrier of proton diffusion in Y‐doped BaCeO3 (BCY) and Y‐doped BaZrO3 (BZY) are investigated by detailed density functional theory calculations. The energy barrier of proton rotation decreases when the tensile strain is applied. For intra‐octahedral proton transfer, the energy barrier decreases when the tensile strain is applied while for inter‐octahedral proton transfer the energy barrier increases when the tensile strain is applied. However, we found that for intra‐octahedral proton transfer the energy barrier of BZY shows the opposite strain effect. To understand the underlying mechanism behind this opposite trend we decomposed proton diffusion into three elementary steps and the opposite trend of the energy barrier of BCY and BZY during intra‐octahedral proton transfer is pinpointed to the opposite bond order change of the hydrogen bond. In all, we explored the strain effects on the energy barrier of proton diffusion in BCY and BZY from a microscopic perspective, showing the potential to tune the energy barrier of proton transport in perovskite oxide with strain engineering and thus design novel proton conductors.


Based on a steel reinforced concrete composite post crack under the torque simplified calculation method was studied. Using the simplified formula derived for H steel reinforced concrete structures under the action of compound and cracking torque is calculated. And simplify the calculation compared with the experimental value. The result is calculated with the testing results.


A variety of Fibonacci lattices, which are locally isomorphic each other and satisfy Conway's theorem, is found to exist through the projection method by changing the location of the window in the square lattice. The structure of each system, described by a (semi-infinite) series of the Fibonacci generations, is characterized by its own cycle, i.e. its own self-similarity. On the wave function at E =0 in an off-diagonal model (for example), the family yields a variety of multi-fractal distributions.


Women and development in Peru: old models, new actors discusses the difficulties in integrating the gender perspective into development concerns through examining the establishment of communal kitchens and the "glass of milk" programme in Lima and the role of women within this. Through these activities, women have become important social actors in Peru during the last decade.


This work provides a summary of several methods for sampling from distributions and connects them with global optimization problem. We will present some stochastic optimization algorithms such as Simulated Annealing for functions defined on discrete sets, and its generalisation to functions defined on more general sets. At the end, we will present the one-dimensional Adaptive Annealing method and we will test its preformance on functions with a lot of local minima.


A review is presented of the scientific benefits of rapid (v >= 0.1c) interstellar spaceflight. Significant benefits are identified in the fields of interstellar medium studies, stellar astrophysics, planetary science and astrobiology. In the latter three areas the benefits would be considerably enhanced if the interstellar vehicle is able to decelerate from its interstellar cruise velocity to rest relative to the target system. Although this will greatly complicate the mission architecture, and extend the overall travel time, the scientific benefits are such that this option should be considered seriously in future studies.


Tourism development has important positive impact on the national village community, but also brought some disharmonious factors. The paper states the harmonious community construction theory, and studies the ethnic village tourism community harmonious degree evaluation based on the fuzzy theory.


In this paper, we investigate the use of adaptive techniques to mitigate interference for Bluetooth systems in the presence of WLAN direct sequence spread spectrum devices. We consider two different techniques that attempt to avoid time and frequency collisions of WLAN and Bluetooth transmissions. We conduct a comparative analysis of their performance for several dynamic scenarios where the WLAN interference varies over time due to either change in user activity or number of non-overlapping WLAN systems. We discuss the trade-offs involved in terms of delay, packet loss performance, and synchronization.


A new gold(II) species [(CF(3))(4)Au(2)(C(5)H(5)N)(2)] with a very short unsupported Au-Au bond (250.62(9) pm) was generated by photo irradiation of a silver aurate, [Ag(Py)(2)][Au(CF(3))(2)], unambiguously characterized by (19)F and (109)Ag NMR studies.


The magnetocaloric effect of Ni50Mn50−xSnx ribbons (x = 11–15) prepared by using melt-spinning and subsequent annealing has been investigated. The x-ray diffraction data of specimens show that all the samples are partially crystallized with Ni2MnSn phase. The magnetic transitions of these ribbons strongly depend on Sn-concentration and annealing process. Particularly, the antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic transition is just observed at a narrow range of the Sn-concentration (x = 12–14). The positive magnetic entropy changes occurring at the transition temperature of the antiferromagnetic phase are quite large, |ΔSm|max = 5.7 J kg−1 K−1 (for x = 13) with external magnetic field change ΔH = 12 kOe. Besides that, the negative magnetic entropy changes take place near Curie temperature and their magnitude is also large, |ΔSm|max = 1.9 J kg−1 K−1 (for x = 13). The obtained results indicate that Ni50Mn50−xSnx ribbons are good candidates for magnetic refrigeration application at room temperature.


This paper concerns about the derivation of the double object constructions of Old English from LCA definition in the minimalist framework (Chomsky 2005, 2006). In Old English double object constructions, IO-DO surface order and DO-IO surface order took place at the approximately same rate(54%, 46% respectively) and no DO-to IO surface order, shown in that of Modern English, was existed. Thus these phenomena relevant to Old English double object constructions have long made it difficult to set up what the basic structure is and to undertake how we set to deal with their derivations in Old English structure. In this paper, assuming Old English clause structure to be a single VP structure like [ VP V ...], not [ VP v [ VP V ...]] of Modern English, and IO and DO in Old English to be occupied in the same V-position, I show that surface orders between IO and DO are the results from the interactions of LCA which makes IO or DO move out of VP in order to get the proper PF interpretation.


be the dollar. Moving to the role of character, Pack offers a timely critique of managers rooted in Aristotle, Smith and Marx, noting that the pursuit of a narrowly defined self-interest actually does little to serve the wider economic interest. This leads to a consideration of the role of government, again drawing on the book's three subjects, where Pack suggests that the requirement of administrative responses to current problems does not suggest the smaller state often regarded as axiomatic by (self-avowed) followers of Smith; rather what is required is more socially focused governance. This book would make an excellent foundation for a focused history of political economic thought Masters course; working through in detail the three analysts' primary work (establishing close reading skills) followed by an application of the ideas informed by the final section. However, as it is only available in hardback it is likely to be prohibitively expensive for most postgraduate cohorts. Nevertheless I can thoroughly recommend this book for its interest to political economists and as an example of how history of economic thought can be made clearly and easily relevant to contemporary political economists.


The time to failure of a compound exhibiting dynamic scattering, operated under dc excitation, is shown to be inversely proportional to current density. Two failure modes have been observed, both related to an anodic electrochemical reaction. Failure occurs in the compound p‐methoxybenzylidene‐p′‐amino phenyl acetate (APAPA) after the passage of 1.2 × 106 C/mole through the operating cell. The quantity of charge passed through, in C/mole of cell material, is recommended as a figure of merit for materials which fail due to electrochemical processes.


Abstract : A self contained, air-droppable, Expendable, Remote-Operating Weather Station (EROWS) has been developed to obtain information on several basic meteorological parameters from those areas where such data are either limited or otherwise unattainable. The EROWS vehicle and its associated sensors are described in detail, along with a functional description of the control-recorder, aircraft repeater, and aircraft dispenser that constitute the remaining components of the complete system. The results of field tests of EROWS units conducted at several locations are described. The testing indicates that the system performed satisfactorily under a wide variety of conditions. (Author)


Ambush marketing, sometimes also known as guerrilla marketing, comprises
 attempts to create an unauthorized association with mega-sporting events
 (such as the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup) without obtaining
 official sponsorship agreements. This article contends that the contemporary
 law of sports sponsorships against ambush marketing harbours a palpable but
 much-neglected sumptuary impulse, which has never before been adequately
 scrutinized. It shows that pre-modern sumptuary law strangely resonates with
 modern anti-ambush law's sumptuary obsession with the visual order of
 symbols and images as prestige signifiers. It also reveals an ongoing
 'intellectual property' turn in the recent development of sumptuary
 anti-ambush law-making, whose ambition is to reify sports-derived sumptuary
 distinction into a thing-in-itself for nearly absolute 'property'
 protection. My argument is illustrated by a carefully selected number of
 ambush disputes including Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) v Telstra,
 which represents the latest development in this field of law.


To make 'philosophy worldly' often requires an act of translation. In This Life, Martin Hägglund argues for the relevance of Marx to our contemporary lives. By way of a lively and sophisticated dialogue between philosophical interlocutors – including Hegel and Marx – Hägglund offers a compelling account of the relation between time, value and freedom. This Life translates current issues in academic philosophy into a popular register that does not reduce the complexity of the issues but shows what is at stake for our own lives. Hägglund provides a synthesis of Robert B. Pippin's normative reading of Hegel and the value-form critical theory of Moishe Postone's Marxism. Further, Hägglund's vision of freedom outflanks the political limitations of Pippin's Hegel and Postone's Marx while retaining the power of their analyses. I assess his interpretation of Hegel and critically examine the concept of value operative in This Life, and frame this question in terms of value-form theory.


Complete prosthetic treatment for a 20-year-old man with a displaced premaxilla is described. The appliance was comfortable, easy to insert, easy to remove, and occlusion and esthetics were successful.


In this paper, finding itemsets with high utility like profits. Many algorithms have been proposed that having problem of producing a large number of candidate itemsets for high utility itemsets. Such a large number of candidate itemsets degrades the mining performance in terms of execution time and space requirement. This situation is difficult when the database contains lots of long transactions or long high utility itemsets. In this paper, we propose two algorithms, namely utility pattern growth (UP-Growth) and UP-Growth+, for mining high utility itemsets with a set of effective strategies for pruning candidate itemsets. Information of high utility itemsets maintained in Up-tree, candidate itemsets can be generated efficiently with only two scans of database. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms, especially UP Growth+, not only reduce the number of candidates effectively but also outperform other algorithms substantially in terms of runtime, especially when databases contain lots of long transactions. Utility-based data mining is a new research area interested in all types of utility factors in data mining processes and targeted at incorporating utility considerations in both predictive and descriptive data mining tasks. High utility itemset mining is a research area of utility based descriptive data mining, aimed at finding itemsets that contribute most to the total utility.


Faults in machines are common and may cause detrimental damage to the products. Also, faulty raw materials may cause less than the required quality. These machines may be automated, and the fault may go undiscovered for somewhile during which many substandard products may have been produced. Thus, it is important to develop techniques to discover the very minute change in the manufacturing process. For this purpose, many sensors and data acquisition systems are added to some of these machines to monitor the working health of the machine. Faulty machines may manifest themselves as shifts in sensors readings that collect data about the manufacturing process status. Algorithms are then developed to analyse the sensors reading and detect this awkward behaviour as early as possible prior to producing faulty products. This is especially important for machines producing at high speed where faults may result in a significant number of unacceptable products. However, algorithms developed to detect this abnormal behaviour may make wrong decisions and classify normal process as abnormal causing false alarms. These false alarms may be more expensive than faulty products as they reduce the productivity due to unnecessary stoppage. This research work developed an algorithm which is an artificial neural network ensemble formed of two artificial neural networks (ANNs) and two Radial basis functions (RBF) networks in addition to a leader artificial neural network. Individual networks may produce high sensitivity to any changes in the process, but at the same time may cause huge amount of stoppage time due to false alarms. The ensemble suggested addresses that problem and makes a final decision as a second stage from the initial stage decisions of several diverse and tunned networks. The individual networks are trained using various population percentages to intentionally cause decision diversity. The networks' performance is tuned by varying the cut-off parameter. We noticed that the performance of the ANN and RBF in detecting abnormal behaviour is sensitive to the population percentages during the training and the cut-off or threshold parameter. Moreover, through evaluating contradictory metrics, mainly sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, it was found that the suggested ensemble can be tuned to give multiple acceptable solutions. Also, when benchmarking to literature, it was noticed that the average accuracy of the devised ensemble is 99.13 which is comparable to the best methodologies found in the literature.


ABSTRACT Tackiness of adhesive tapes has been measured by many investigators using many different methods. Therefore, the tackiness of the same sample may vary widely, depending on the test method used. In general, the tackiness is measured by the finger test. Since the finger test involves many complicated factors such as psychological factors and individual differences, etc., it is difficult to quantitize the results of the finger test. The authors measured the tackiness of commercial plastic film adhesive tapes and cloth adhesive tapes by the use of several tack test methods. The results were compared with those obtained from the finger test. It was found that the rolling ball tack tester with a sine curved surface of y = 86.7 cos (π/300 x x) + 86.7 and an average slope of 30° gave results closest to those obtained by the finger test.


Numerous studies of the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis have been published in the last twenty years, but most have been based either on a comparison of the diagnoses made by two or more raters at a single joint interview, or separate interviews a few days apart (the observer agreement model), or on a comparison of the overall spectrum of diagnoses assigned to two comparable series of patients (the frequency agreement model). Comparisons between the diagnoses assigned to patients on successive admissions, or at other widely separated points in time (the consistency or stability model), have been carried out less often, in spite of the fact that the usefulness of our diagnostic categories is just as dependent on temporal stability as on reliability in an observer agreement situation.


Preparation of Na / SBA-15 from corn leaves ash (Zea mays) as a substitute for TEOS (Tetraethyl Orthosilicate) applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification reaction of used palm oil and methanol has been performed. The preparation of SBA-15 was conducted by surfactant template method and modification with Na was conducted by impregnation method. SBA-15 from corn leaves ash has a pore size ranging from 4.9 nm to 9.3 nm, a surface area of 595 m2/ g, a pore diameter of 3.95 nm and a pore volume of 0.99 cm3/ g. The yeild obtained from the first transesterification process was 96.46% with the free fatty acid content of the product 0.16 mg KOH/ g. The two most prominent methyl ester based on the chromatogram of the transesterification product, the two most prominent methyl ester in the product were methyl palmitate (36,32%) and methyl oleat (36,15%).

Keywords : Maize, SBA-15, TEOS (Tetraethyl Orthosilicate), Transesterification of used palm oil


The results of the experiments on water migration in unsaturated beds of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) performed with a dynamic neutron radiography technique are presented. It was found that the migration of water in zeolites is much slower than in quartz sand composed of the same size grains. The effect is attributed to the enormous grain surface roughness of the zeolite. The influence of gravity was found to be significant only for beds formed by the coarsest grains. It was found that the water imbibition rate increases with time in finest grain zeolite beds. The results show the difficulties of the classical theory of adhesion driven motion of the liquid in the single capillary as a model of water imbibition by zeolite beds.


The Eo-Alpine evolution of the Rhodope region includes Late-Jurassic magmatic and metamorphic evens. The latter are documented in the Greek Rhodope by UHP relics and granulite facies overprints (Bauer et al., 2007, and references therein). Recently Bosse et al. (2010) reported Late-Jurassic metamorphic ages of granulite facies garnet-kyanite gneisses from the Chepelare area in the Bulgarian Rhodope. Garnet-bearing metabasic rocks that also keep record of granulite facies metamorphism (Georgieva et al., 2010) crop out in close spatial relations with garnetkyanite gneisses. We present first results of in situ LA-ICP-MS dating of zircons in garnet-bearing metabasic rocks, whose protoliths suffered Late-Jurassic metamorphism. The rocks of study belong to the variegated rock assemblage known as Chepelare Formation or Chepelare mélange. They crop out in the Arda tectonic unit and coincide with an ~1 km-thick zone of intense strain termed the Chepelare Shear Zone (Gerdjikov et al., 2010). The CSZ has previously been interpreted as a synmetamorphic thrust of presumed Mesozoic age, but recent data indicate that it was active during Late-Eocene. The garnet-bearing metabasic rocks crop out as elongated lenses of metric to decametric scale and alternate with marbles, garnet-kyanite gneisses and schists, biotite or twomica gneisses and ultramific bodies. Late-Jurassic granulite facies metamorphism of garnet-bearing metabasic rocks from the Chepelare area, Central Rhodope


Historically, the goal of most descriptive research on learning disabilities has been to document intellectual or neurological differences between learning disabled and normal children. However, most researchers and teachers would acknowledge that classroom achievement not only depends on cognitive skills but also on certain behaviors that are adaptive to the demands of the classroom environment. This month's Topical Review assesses what is currently known about how learning disabled children behave in the classroom. In treating this subject, the authors have asked a number of interesting questions beyond the basic one of describing differences between learning disabled and normal children. For example, they consider whether the information provided by teacher ratings and direct observation is similar, and they also assess the relationship between classroom behavior and academic achievement. It seems clear from the data presented in this review that an understanding of the classroom behaviors of learning disabled children is important to any complete description of their difficulties in school.---J.K.T.


All over the world, most of the road accidents are occurred by drunk and driving and rash driving. The main concept of this paper is to prevent the road accident so to prevent the road accident we are using alcohol detection sensor, eye blink sensor, over speed control sensor. The alcohol sensors are used to detect the driver is drunk or not. The eye blink sensors are used to check the driver is sleepy or not with the help of the eyeball movement of the driver, if the driver is sleepy means it will trigger the alarm to conscious the driver. The over speed controller sensors is used to check the car is over speed or not and if the car is over speed means it will reduce the speed of the car & maintain the car speed into normal speed. In this process, the message or SMS will send to the relative of the driver if the driver is consuming alcohol & driving and the message will also send to the local police to prevent the accident


The present invention relates to systems and methods to determine cell capacities of a vehicle battery pack. Especially, provided are systems and methods to determine cell capacities of a vehicle battery pack. Cell capacities may be determined using state of charge (SOC) estimates for the cells and a charge count for the battery pack. The SOC estimates may be determined when the SOC of the battery pack is below a lower threshold and above an upper threshold. Error values may also be generated for the cell capacity values.


Background and Objectives : Improving socioeconomic situation and health status in communities had led to quality of life improvement and aging. Health systems must pay attention to the emotional needs of elderly people besides their health needs. This study aimed to study the elderly friendly center experience in Zafarenieh health center of Tabriz. Material and Methods : This is a case study. Data were gathered using Focus Group Discussions (3 sessions) by the participation of elderly people and the elderly friendly center personnel in 2015. Also, center documents were reviewed. Thematic analysis was done to extract the meaningful themes. Results: Providing elderly care had increased their sense of quality of life. Being a member in peer groups and participating in social activities (like group exercise, poem and so on) had positive effects on their mentality. Conclusion : Concurrent attention to the health and emotional needs of elderly would lead to improved quality of life of elderly people and their families.


The meaning of Development is constantly changing. Sustainable Development is a commonly accepted concept today, with various interpretations of it depending on who is interpreting it. But one aspect of it that most agree upon is that sustainable development is both a process and a product. Thus, sustainable development would mean a process of development which brings about a positive change to the existing generation without compromising the needs of the coming generations. It is also a holistic understanding of the various socio-ecological systems that are in relationship with each other in the process of evolution, thus making it a dynamic system.


As a group of primitive cells characterized by self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, stem cells have awakened great interest in regenerative and translational medicine. Various stem cell types hold potential for use in clinical studies, with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) considered the most important cell type for regenerative medicine because of their qualities of easy isolation, multipotency, immunological naivety, and ethical advantages. The pleiotropic properties of MSCs, including immunomodulation, growth factor production, angiogenesis, anti-fibrosis, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis, make them suitable for large-scale application in various disease therapies. Clinical trials using MSCs for a wide spectrum of conditions including diabetes mellitus (1), liver disease (2), cardiac disease (3), and kidney disease (4), are now underway. Notably, since February 2020, six registered clinical trials have been conducted in China to investigate the safety and efficiency of MSC therapy for pneumonia patients infected with 2019-nCoV (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04252118, NCT04288102, NCT04293692, NCT04273646, NCT04269525, and NCT04276987). The number of MSC trials in progress has continued to expand. However, the majority of the current trials are still in the early phase I/II stage, suggesting that MSCs are not moving out of the clinical pipeline. Although the majority of the trials confirmed the safety of MSC infusion, the adverse effects such as headache, fever, and local pain could be easily overlooked, with clinical efficacy taking priority. In addition, MSC trials have frequently proved unsuccessful, such as the MSC trials for ischemic stroke (Manipal Acunova, India) and ARDS (China), which failed or were terminated (5). Of course, there are still many problems surrounding the use of MSCs in clinical trials. Currently, no standardized protocols or guidelines exist for MSC clinical trials. The general lack of knowledge surrounding their in vivo outcomes and the mechanism of their activity is another obstacle for MSC transplantation. Various sources have been used to isolate and manufacture MSCs for clinical trials, irrespective of the very different natures of the MSC populations. The heterogeneity of the MSCs isolated from different origins and the route of administration should be critically addressed during the evaluation of the clinical data and the interpretation of clinical benefits. In vitro culture systems can add heterogeneity to the phenotype and genotype of MSCs, and improved culture strategies are therefore needed to mimic organ-specific microenvironments in vitro. The route of administration followed by the in vivo distribution is also an important and controversial topic surrounding MSCs. For instance, intra-arterial delivery may hold the advantage of increasing the deposition of MSCs at the injury site, especially the liver. After intravenous administration, most MSCs succumb to apoptosis, with only a small fraction of cells able to survive (6). Inadequate amounts of cells, homing, long-term engraftment, and differentiation limit their therapeutic efficacy. To improve the low survival rates of transplanted stem cells, over the past decade, many innovative biomaterials, such as hydrogels, have been developed. Besides, pharmaceutical pre-activation, genetic engineering, or reprogramming of MSCs into the progenitor cells of targeted tissues have been used to enhance their therapeutic potency (7). This challenges the search for precise biomarkers to identify the progenitor cells before transplantation. Moreover, the trophic factors and extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs could serve as an alternative, cell-free therapy to overcome the tumorigenic or immunogenic risk of stem cell transplantation. To increase the chances of success in future clinical trials, larger-scale studies are needed to determine the appropriate cell source, delivery route, dosage, therapeutic window, and the intrinsic mechanisms of MSCs in tissue repair. Extending the biological and bioengineering approaches to manufacturing MSCs will certainly allow for safer and more effective therapeutic strategies to be developed, thus paving the way for progress in the field. This series of Annals of Translational Medicine is dedicated to the topic of "Stem Cell and Clinical Application". We have attempted to shed light on some of the current clinical applications, strategies, mechanisms, and unsolved problems relating to stem cell therapy. Although there are still many challenges and questions that need to be addressed, we hope this series on the clinical application of stem cells will contribute to the growth of this field of study. For me, translational medical research is just like the life cycle of a salmon. As we all know, every fall, thousands of salmon leave the Pacific Ocean and swim up the Fraser River in Canada to breed before they die. In this long and arduous process, they jump up and hit the riverbed time and time again, with reproduction as the only reward for their unremitting efforts. Clinicians are just like adult salmon in the ocean: they look imperturbable, but they face great unknown risks and challenges. 560


This paper presents the field geological investigation,engineering geological exploration and other related studies on the collapsed and slided debris mass induced by the Xiaonanhai Earthquake in Chongqing city.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of the debris mass are elaborated.It is held that the forming process of the mass consists of four steps: namely weathering and denudation,shocking and projecting,collapse-slide accumulating and dammed lake formation.Collapses rather than landslides appeared in process of rock mass fracturing and rock blocks in accumulation body are quite and even more fragmental.Research shows that the mass is a result of comprehensive actions including seismotectonic moving and stress field,rock mass structure,topography and geomorphology,and seismic wave.First of all,the left lateral tensile-slip fracture in Xiaonanhai fault block was induced by X-shaped seismotectonic combination.It consists of the NE trending right lateral Qianjiang reverse-slip fracture and the NNW trending left lateral Yangtoushan reverse-slip fault.The NWW trending axially tectonic compression resulted in the M61/4 earthquake.Secondly,the rock mass near both Dakuayan and Xiaokuayan with three groups of tectonic joints forming X-shape collapsed respectively towards their free faces,at about 145°~155° direction.Thirdly,the limestone rubbles discovered in the collapse-slide mass prove that mountain body before moving contains limestone belong Qixia and Maokou formations during the Permian period.This discovery provides the evidence for restoring mountain body before its collapse-slide.Finally,the diameter of rock blocks in accumulation body decreases from northwest to southeast along 150° direction.I It proves indirectly that the direction of rock mass ejecting is along 150o direction.What's more,the collapse-slide masses from mountain body near Dakuayan and Xiaokuayan form their accumulation bodies,respectively.Therefore their overlapping part is small.


This research presents the findings of a study on the perceptions of sustainable development among companies in Dubai and Istanbul. It starts by providing an overview of the definitions, objectives, benefits, and requirements of sustainability, also highlighting some examples of best practices in this area. Then presents the results of a questionnaire survey that has been conducted to gather the views of companies on sustainable development and compare them. The main point of this research is to acknowledge the perspectives of companies in Dubai and Istanbul on sustainable development. This study aims to identify the sustainable development challenges that companies are currently facing and may face in the future, from an organizational perspective. It also aims to examine how companies can address these challenges in a way that benefits both their own operations and the larger society by contributing to sustainable development. The focus of the research is on understanding how companies can address these challenges from within their own organizational structures and practices. The survey results reveal similarities and differences in sustainability practices between Istanbul and Dubai. Istanbul-based companies prioritize customer-focused sustainability, while Dubai-based companies excel in sustainable operations. Istanbul ranked first in ethics and safety, while Dubai focused more on environmental impact. Both cities prioritize a safe work environment, but Istanbul focuses on employee engagement, while Dubai prioritizes energy efficiency and ethical sourcing. Common barriers include a lack of awareness, difficulty finding sustainable suppliers, and regulatory restrictions. Dubai companies perceive the higher implementation of sustainable strategies and measurable results. Regular evaluation, sharing of best practices, and alignment of sustainability priorities can drive improvements. Companies need to consider their unique context and challenges to effectively integrate sustainability into their business strategies, and overcome barriers. Collaboration, education, and stakeholder engagement are crucial for fostering a more sustainable future in both Istanbul and Dubai.


The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the aerobic bacterial microflora from the oral cavity mucosa and cloaca's samples, collected from Broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris), born and bred in captivity at Parque Zoológico Arruda Câmara, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The most common bacteria were Staphylococcus sp. (14.74%), Corynebacterium sp. (13.68%), Escherichia coli (13.68%) and Shigella sp.(11.58%), and the less common were Citrobacter sp. (1.05%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.05%) and Salmonella sp. (1.05%).This emphasizes the importance of these microorganisms' participation in infectious processes (sepsis) and injuries caused by crocodilians.


Finite difference scheme with third order precision and TVD property was employed in this paper.Investigation of mechanism of the coolant ejection flow field was performed on the tip of turbine cascade with six cooling holes by three dimensional N-S solver.Interaction between coolant ejection and tip clearance flow was expounded and influence of coolant ejection on the tip clearance flow and temperature distribution was discussed in 1% and 2% blade tip gaps respectively.The results show that the velocity of leakage flow is reduced due to the coolant ejection.The deflection of leakage vortex and the change of aerodynamic parameters are both obvious,and the shroud surface is under protection of low temperature at1% tip gap.Higher adiabatic effectiveness is observed at 2% tip gap under a constant blowing ratio.


Lemierre syndrome is a rare disease with fulminant course observed in healthy young adults. After an oropharyngeal infection, it is characterized by internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis, septicemia, and necrotic abscesses in distant organs. Mostly its causative microorganism is the Fusobacterium necrophorum. In these cases mortality rate used to be around 90%, but today this rate has decreased to 5% with early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment. Although the Lemierre syndrome, which was described in 1936, was widely observed in the pre-antibiotic period, the number of cases decreased dramatically after the widespread use of antibiotics in 1950s and 1960s. Facing this situation the Lemierre syndrome started being called the "forgotten disease" in the relevant years. In 1970s, it was observed its cases tended to increase according to the developments in radiological imaging techniques. Hovewer, the reviews in literature showed a remarkable increase in the incidence of Lemierre syndrome cases, especially in the last 15 years. In this article, a case of Lemierre Syndrome with sequelae of left abducens nerve palsy was presented with a literature review.


At first, essentially, most physicians (over 95%) recognized high LDL-C level as an important risk for ASCVD. The mean target level for physicians with expertise in cardiology was the lowest of all the areas of clinical expertise (92.6±17.3 mg/dL), and in patients with a history or complications of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, noncardiogenic cerebral infarction, or peripheral arterial disease, the overall target level was 112.7±17.4 mg/dL. As for the statin therapy, participants were most concerned about muscle disorders as adverse effect, followed by new onset diabetes. In addition, physicians with expertise in neurology/neurosurgery/stroke were about twice as likely as other participants to agree with the statement "Japanese with low LDL-C are more likely to develop cerebral hemorrhage", while over 70% of participants expressed concern about safety at LDL-C below 70 mg/dL. The authors stated that cardiology specialists tend to practice lipid-lowering treatment more aggressively than those with other areas of medical expertise, which may be because they generally treat secondary prevention patients and that the increasing number of patients who are candidates for secondary prevention of ASCVD could predispose these specialists to develop a mindset toward ASCVD therapy similar to that seen in the US and Europe. In addition, they suggested that less aggressive LDL-C target setting by the physicians with expertise in neurology/neurosurgery/ stroke might be partially related to their sense that the Japanese patients are generally at low risk for CV events even without achieving the currently recommended lipid levels. These results and comments may faithfully reflect current opinion of Japanese physicians and suggest several issues to overcome against the low rate of treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Next, 65.4% of participants had treated patients with FH, but the percentage was lower in physicians See article vol. 26: 154-169


2-(2-quinolinylazo)-1,3-diaminobenzene(QADAB)was synthesized,and its color reaction with copper(Ⅱ)was studied.In the medium of CTMAB and presence of pH=4.0 buffer solution.QADAB could react with copper(Ⅱ)to form a violet stable 2∶1 complex.The molar absorptivity of the complex is 8.11×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1) at 555 nm.Beer's law was obeyed in range of 0~20 μg/25mL.This method may be applied to the determination of copper in environmental samples with good results.


At present there are three National Television Networks in the United Kingdom, two of them operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC1 and BBC2) and one by the Independent Broadcasting Authority. Closer examination of the situation indicates however that the BBC and the IBA operations are conducted in ways which differ widely from each other. For example, the BBC derives its income from the sale of television licences, the IBA programmes are funded from advertising revenue. Then again from the BBC side, the television planners must always bear in mind not only that they are in competition with the commercial television channel, but also that they have to work alongside the highly developed BBC radio service which operates on four channels catering for a very wide band of interests from pop music and news to classical drama. The IBA, although it is itself a public corporation with a charter similar to the BBC's, is nevertheless not a programmemaking body. It is responsible for the licensing and ...


The use of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) as distance indicators is essential for studying the expansion history of the Universe and for exploring the nature of dark energy. However, a lack of underst ...


Objective To test electrophysiological heterogenity and different response to class Ⅲ agents of different regions in the guinea pig left ventricle.Method The study used a dermatome to obtain thin strips of free wall of left ventricle in guinea pig and standard microeletrode techniques to record transmembrane activity.Results Action potential duration measured at 90% repolarization (APD 90) was significantly longer in sub-endocardium cells than in mid-myocardium or sub-epicardium cells at all basic cycle lengths (BCLs) tested.At a BCL of 0.2Hz,APD 90 was (233±3),(216±2) and (210±3)ms in sub-endocardium,mid-myocardium,and sub-epicardium respectively;while at a BCL of 3.3Hz,it was (172±4),( 163±3) and (156±3)ms respectively.Thus APD-rate relations was more pronounced in the sub-endocardium.Sotalol-induced prolongated APD 90 was similar in the three regions studied.Conclusions There are significant transmural gradients in the electrophysiological properties of sub-epicardium,mid-myocardium, and sub-epicardium from the free wall of guinea pig left ventricle.Sub-endocardial myocytes have a longer APD 90 and the pronounced rate dependence in contrast to mid-myocardium and sub-epicardiac myocytes sotalol can not reduce transmural gradients.


Although delusion is a central characteristic of psychosis, problems with the DSM definition make identification difficult, especially when religious content is involved. This study, involving 255 participants, sought to (1) determine if untrained participants' assessment of religious beliefs would be similar to that of trained clinicians in a previous study and (2) determine whether participants' Religious Fundamentalism (RF) influenced assessment. Three sets of religious beliefs, with varying levels of conventionality, were assessed. Results indicate that untrained participants rated religious beliefs in much the same way as did clinicians in a previous study, suggesting that social norms play an important role in the assessment of religious ideation. It was also found that High RF participants rated beliefs similar to their own as less pathological than did Low RF participants. Furthermore, High RF participants did not lower pathology ratings for beliefs from the least conventional religion, even when identified as religious.


PURPOSE: A method for performing a device based on motion recognition and a method therefor are provided to recognize motions with a remote controller, and to perform a remote controlling process, thereby simplifying a circuit and remotely controlling more than one electronic instrument. CONSTITUTION: When a user moves a remote controller(110), a gyro sensor senses a motion of the remote controller, and recognizes a motion pattern of the remote controller(120). A controller decides whether the motion pattern is registered in the remote controller(130). If so, the controller displays that the motion pattern is inputted as a specific sound or a text message through a state display(140). If the predetermined motion pattern is inputted, a remote control signal corresponding to the inputted motion pattern is transmitted to a corresponding electronic instrument, and the corresponding electronic instrument is remotely controlled by the transmitted remote control signal(150).


Our country is in the process of urbanization,floating population with mainly part of off-farm workers go to cities to work a lot.Some of them can't adapt to the quick economic society change,and step into crime.Except for researching the surfacing reason of sinners themselves,study the deep level and root cause of social reason behind the crime phenomenon and then find a corrensponding method to control the crime should be a scientific way.


Received: 14 February 2020 Accepted: 10 May 2020 The subject of the research is the territory's attractiveness. The main research activities are focused on 15 countries with different levels of development. Thus, the purpose of the study is to provide an empirical study on measuring the attractiveness of defined countries and on identifying their positions comparing with others. The study suggests measuring the territory's attractiveness from two points of view: economic and marketing attractiveness. It is proposed to measure economic attractiveness using five sub-indexes: business, production, trade & investment, environment, and logistics. At the same time marketing attractiveness consists of the following sub-indexes: social, touristic, territory's convenience, innovation, and demand. The research results allow plotting countries on a nine-cell matrix and separate three groups of countries – countries with high (group 1), medium (group 2) and low (group 3) economic and marketing attractiveness. Recommendations and strategies of further attractiveness improvement depending on countries' current position are formed.


The vibration displacement of a shaker in an accelerometer calibration system is detected by a Michelson type of a phase quadrature laser interferometer. The interferometric signals are stored in a digital storage scope and transferred to a computer for displacement calculation. Due to the high resolution, fast acquisition speed, and large memory capacity of the scope, this system demonstrates a measuring range from about 10 nm to 100 micrometers at the frequency range of DC to 20 kHz. A cyclical signal- preserving algorithm is developed to preserve the signal's phase and amplitude while reducing the drift and random noise level. The standard deviations of the measured displacements are 1.3% for 13 nm and rapidly lower to 0.04% for 500 nm or greater. The measured displacement in conjunction with the vibration frequency and the output voltage of the accelerometer then give its sensitivity. Preliminary results demonstrate that the sensitivities calibrated by both the direct displacement measuring method (our experiment) and the conventional fringe-disappearance method agree within 0.6%.


Background and Purpose: Complicated femur fracture represents a major challenge for the orthopedic surgeon, with failed internal fixation, nonunion with broken intramedullary nail (IMN), and infected nonunion among the complications. Mechanical instability, as well as the poor biological environment, is considered as a concern when treating these cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate concomitant IMN and plate augmentation as a single-stage procedure for the management of multiply operated nonunited femoral shaft fractures. Materials and Methods: Between January 2015 and May 2018, nine patients (eight men) with an average age of 40.8 years (range 25–70) diagnosed as nonunion femoral fractures after an average of four previous surgeries (range 2–6). All patients were available for follow-up with an average of 22 months (range 12–36). Results: The average time for fracture union was 6.7 months (range 3–12); five patients needed bone grafting to compensate for the bone defect encountered during the initial procedure, and two patients required secondary bone grafting after 6 months follow-up. Two patients presented with surgical site infection which was treated by antibiotics and daily dressing. The average leg length discrepancy at last follow-up was 1 cm (range 0.5–1.5). No patient had a metalwork failure or needed removal of the implants. Conclusion: In treating complicated multiply operated nonunited femoral shaft fractures, we believe that this technique can provide a robust mechanical foundation as well as an improved biological environment for such nonunited fractures to heal.


In this paper, the problem of static output feedback stabilization is considered. By congruence and state-coordinate transformations, a convex condition for static output feedback stabilization is given in terms of a matrix linear inequality while subject to an equality constraint. To facilitate stabilization design via LMI conditions, the equality constraint is satisfied by imposing a structure constraint on matrix variable. Moreover, a numerical construction algorithm and a sufficient condition for the presented convex condition are given as well. Finally, numerical examples demonstrated the utility of the proposed approach for static output feedback stabilization.


Psoriasis (Da-us–Sadaf) is one of the most baffling and persistent of skin disorders that affect approximately 11.8% population worldwide and 0.44 to 2.8% population of India. In Unani classical literatures, Psoriasis, termed as Taqashshure Jild, is a common skin disorder characterized by dryness of the skin and scale formation just like the scale of fish. Since ancient times Psoriasis (Da-us–Sadaf) has been treated by eminent Unani physicians like Hippocrates, Galen, Avicenna, Razi, Ibn-e-Zohr and Majoosi through different modes of treatment such as Ilaj Bil-Ghiza (Dietotherapy), Ilaj Bit-Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy) and Ilaj Bid-Dawa (Pharmacotherapy). Herbo-animo-mineral source of medicine; used possess concoctive & purgative, anti-inflammatory, moisturizer, blood purifier, ciccative and demulcificant properties, which are the needed principles of treatment for this disease. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to focus on the concept and management of Psoriasis (Da-us–Sadaf) in Unani Medicine.


Female reproductive dormancy in insects is a process that drastically suppresses oogenesis to conserve energy under adverse environments. In many insects, including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, reproductive dormancy is induced under low-temperature and short-day conditions by the downregulation of juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis by the corpus allatum (CA). Previous studies have suggested that brain neurons that project directly to the CA are important for the regulation of reproductive dormancy. However, the role of CA-projecting neurons in JH-mediated reproductive dormancy has not yet been confirmed by molecular genetic studies. In this study, we report that, in adult D. melanogaster, the neuropeptide diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) is produced by brain neurons that project into the CA. DH31-producing-CA-projecting neurons are connected downstream with a subset of circadian clock neurons, such as s-LNvs, which are known to be involved in reproductive dormancy regulation. The CA expresses the gene encoding the DH31 receptor, which is required for DH31-triggered elevation of intracellular cAMP in the CA. Knocking down Dh31 in these CA-projecting neurons or DH31 receptor in the CA leads to a failure in the decrease of the JH titer, normally observed under dormancy-inducing conditions, leading to abnormal yolk accumulation in the ovaries. Our findings provide the first molecular genetic evidence demonstrating that CA-projecting peptidergic neurons play an essential role in regulating reproductive dormancy by suppressing JH biosynthesis. Significance Statement Dormancy is an adaptive physiological response to environmental changes that are unsuitable for survival. Adult females of many insect species undergo reproductive dormancy in which oogenesis is drastically arrested; it is induced by a decrease in juvenile hormone (JH) titers. However, we are yet to fully understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of JH biosynthesis under dormancy-inducing conditions. In this study using the fruit fly, we demonstrated that brain neurons projecting directly to the JH-producing organ, corpus allatum, play an essential role in regulating reproductive dormancy via the neuropeptide DH31. As the morphologically-similar neurons have previously been suggested to be involved in reproductive dormancy regulation, this study provides a fundamental molecular and neuronal basis for reproductive dormancy in insects.


15 In Europe, wild ungulates have undergone major expansion and population growth during recent decades. In certain 16 cases, the high density achieved by these populations has led to excessive pressure on the environment, which 17 eventually becomes a limiting factor for the population itself. One of these reintroductions was performed with the 18 Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica (Schinz, 1838)) in the National Park of the Sierra de Guadarrama (Spain). This 19 reintroduced population was monitored during six field seasons (2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010, and 2014) by direct 20 observation of the animals along transects using the distance sampling method to determine the degree of expansion 21 over the years and the use of different habitats according to different seasons. The abundances obtained for each field 22 season showed a significant increase from 4.16 ind./km to 8.65 ind./km, showing a linear relationship between the 23 abundance and the extent of the area occupied by the species. We observed that differences between habitat 24 availability and use were significant for all seasons.. Our data can be used as an example of the process of colonisation 25 of a population of wild ungulates and their impact on vegetation in order to better manage future reintroductions. 26 27


Objective:To explore the incidence of cough among collective children in Baoshan district,analyze the related allergic factors,provide reference for prevention of cough in children.Methods:Cough and related factors of preschool children aged 3~6 years old in collective institutions were surveyed by a questionnaire,the contents included related symptoms,diagnosis,frequency of onset,past medical history and family history,and so on.Results:The recall rate of questionnaire was 96.34%.There was no significant difference in the incidence of cough between boys and girls(P0.05).The incidence of chronic cough was 6.42%.The incidence of cough caused by infection(combined with fever) was equal to the incidence of cough caused by non-infective factors(allergy),the incidence of cough caused by upper respiratory infection was significantly higher than that caused by lower respiratory infection,the occurrence of cough in children was related to allergic factors of children and their parents and smoking environment.Conclusion:In Baoshan district,the current situation of cough in collective children is severe,the incidence of allergic cough(including allergic asthma) is relatively high,which is related to high smoking rate of their parents except allergic factors of children and their parents,more attention should be paid to prevention of infective diseases and allergic diseases of children and reducing smoking rate of their parents by propaganda and education.


Higher-order thinking skill is the basic aim and core objective of information-based instructional design.This paper proposed some enlightenments for the design of educational games based on the role and function of Second Life and the relationship between Second Life and the higher-order thinking skills.


BepiColombo was launched on 20 October 2018 from the European spaceport Kourou in French Guyana and is now on route to Mercury to unveil Mercury’s secrets. BepiColombo with its state of the art and very comprehensive payload will perform measurements to increase our knowledge on the fundamental questions about Mercury’s evolution, composition, interior, magnetosphere, and exosphere. BepiColombo is a joint project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and consists of two orbiters, the Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (Mio).

On its way BepiColombo will travel 18 times around the Sun until the spacecraft will be put into an polar orbit around Mercury. During its long way through the inner solar system, BepiColombo will perform nine flybys (one at Earth, two at Venus and six at Mercury). However, since the spacecraft is in a stacked configuration during the flybys only some of the instruments on both spacecraft will perform scientific observations. In addition there are plenty of opportunities for further science operations (testing Einstein’s theory during solar conjunctions, listening to gamma ray bursts, or investigation of the solar environment).

A status of the mission and instruments, science operations plans during cruise, and first results of measurements taken in the first three years since launch will be given.


CONTEXT With 34% of the population at the national poverty line in 20081, the Royal Government of Cambodia established Social Land Concessions (SLCs) based on Sub-Decree 19 (No. 19 ANK/BK/ March 19, 2003) to distribute state-owned land to the landless and land-poor. The Land Allocation for Social and Economic Development Project (LASED) was organized to pilot commune-based SLCs, allocating land and improving communal infrastructure. LASED is an ongoing project, organized into several phases. The first phase ran from 2008 to 2013. Over 11,000 households applied for SLCs during this phase, and over 4,000 land plots were distributed across five provinces: Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Tboung Khmum, and Kratie. LASED used community-based targeting (CBT) to identify beneficiary selection criteria and the final recipient households. EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC GENDER INNOVATION LAB


. This study aims to determine patterns of isotope discrimination between diet and blood and feathers in the common coot ( Fulica atra) in Lake Tonga, North-eastern Algeria, the first time in Algeria on the aquatic avifauna. For this purpose, we investigate the trophic position of the species looking for the seasonal variations in the diet. The stable isotope analysis of nitrogen and carbon was carried out to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the feeding ecology. After plotting the isotopic composition of all potential food sources in the mixing plot, consumed by the coat, whether it is on feathers or blood, the results revealed that the main source of the coot diet in all seasons is Najas pectinata , followed by Gambusia affinis. Whereas, for Nymphaea alba a stable contribution was recorded during both seasons (breeding and reproduction). The food selection of a species is predetermined by its ability to exploit its trophic space, on one hand, and specific nutritional requirements are also essential to various biological functions of the species concerned.


This study determines the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Hg) in water and sediment samples in order to assess the heavy metal pollution status in Batang Baleh. Composites of water and sediment samples were collected simultaneously at 18 sampling stations. Selected metals were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and a mercury analyzer. Metal concentrations of water ranged between 0.039-0.435 mg/L for Fe, 0.005-0.026 mg/L for Pb, 0.062-0.097 mg/L for Mn, 0.007-0.008 mg/L for Ni, and 0.006-0.015 µg/L for Hg. Meanwhile, for sediment, it ranged between 11.58-20.75 mg/kg for Cu, 12626.70-38623.37 mg/kg for Fe, 2.26-18.90 mg/kg for Pb, 35.51-389.77 mg/kg for Mn, 7.43-36.11 mg/kg for Ni, 17.78-58.48 mg/kg for Zn, and 0.0005-0.0747 mg/kg for Hg. The average metal concentrations in the water were lower than the National Water Quality Standards, Canadian Water Quality Guidelines, and National Recommended Water Quality Criteria by USEPA. The average concentration of studied metals in sediment was well below the Ontario Sediment Standards and Canadian Freshwater Sediment Guidelines. Assessment of contamination status by contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, and pollution load index suggests that there is no risk of contamination at the moment.


The evaluation of catalytic activity of some homogeneous (FeSO 4 , FeCl 3 , CuO 4 , MnSO 4 ) and heterogeneous (α-Fe 2 O 3 , CuO or Mn 2 O 3 supported on alumina) systems in the oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) with hydrogen peroxide from aqueous solutions was the main purpose of this work. The experiments were carried out in a thermostated batch reactor equipped with a magnetical stirrer. The experimental temperatures were 10, 15 and 20C, and the pH was varied from 2.0 to 9.0. In acid medium (pH around 3), FeSO 4 and FeCl 3 possess the highest activity. Among the heterogeneous systems, CuO based catalysts are the most efficient in the MTBE degradation. Irrespective to the nature of the catalyst, the identified byproducts were the tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) and acetone. The TBA does not act as an inhibitor for the catalytic oxidation process. Furthermore, the data of the oxidation of MTBA in the presence of ferrous sulfate or ferric chloride confirm a total removal of byproducts after 6-8 h (depending on the temperature and the H 2 O 2 dose).


A review of the chain of experiments whose results were finally explained by Compton's discovery of the Compton effect shows that these experiments were not solely in the field of x rays. The studies of the scattering of high-energy gamma rays of radium had presented physicists with the puzzle that scattered gamma rays were distinctly less penetrating than were those that had not been scattered, and that the amount of this "softening" of the scattered gamma rays was dependent on both the initial "hardness" of the gamma rays and on the scattering angle. Many of the experimental facts of the Compton effect were well known from the studies of scattering of gamma rays some years before the effects were observed with x rays. Compton's interest in the problem was apparently greatly stimulated by his own experiments on the scattering of gamma rays.However, since the first detailed and convincing experimental verification of several of the consequences of Compton's hypothesis came from experiments with x rays, on...


We investigate the moment asymptotics of the solution to the stochastic heat equation driven by a $(d+1)$-dimensional L\'evy space--time white noise. Unlike the case of Gaussian noise, the solution typically has no finite moments of order $1+2/d$ or higher. Intermittency of order $p$, that is, the exponential growth of the $p$th moment as time tends to infinity, is established in dimension $d=1$ for all values $p\in(1,3)$, and in higher dimensions for some $p\in(1,1+2/d)$. The proof relies on a new moment lower bound for stochastic integrals against compensated Poisson measures. The behavior of the intermittency exponents when $p\to 1+2/d$ further indicates that intermittency in the presence of jumps is much stronger than in equations with Gaussian noise. The effect of other parameters like the diffusion constant or the noise intensity on intermittency will also be analyzed in detail.