In the holistic approach in medicine а person is viewed through the bio-psycho-social model. Human health is a trinity of "soma" (body), "psyche" (soul) and social role (position) that are constantly interacting with each other and with the environment. Any action on one of the dimensions inevitably affects the others. Chronic non-communicable diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. They cause social, economic and psychological burden for individuals, their families and the whole society. Much of the socially significant diseases (especially cancer and degenerative diseases) are associated with chronic pain. Epidemiological data shows that between 10.1% and 55.2% of people in different countries suffer from chronic pain. Pain has been shown to affect all dimensions of health related to quality of life. Patients with chronic pain also suffer from depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. Limitation of physical activity leads to overweight and all additional health risks related to this condition. Depression, inability to work, impaired social contacts and suicidal thoughts make chronic pain a public health problem. Drug medication along with psychological support and social commitment are important elements of holistic integrated care for patients with chronic pain.The purpose of this article is to analyze the ethical considerations of integrative care for patients with chronic pain.In modern medical ethics autonomy is basic principle. In bioethics autonomy means "the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision for your health". To participate in the decision-making process patients, need sufficient and comprehensive information. The right to information is a basic patient's right and obligation of the physician. The partnership model is of great importance in the treatment of chronic diseases. The patient is engaged as part of the therapeutic team, actively participates in the healing process and implements self-management of the disease. Numerous studies have proven that patient involvement improves medical outcomes and cost-effectiveness in healthcare. The communication between the doctor and the patient is a cornerstone and a premise for quality medical care.In conclusion, in the age of high-tech medicine, the human factor and patient-centered care have remained intact. Good awareness of patients is of key importance for their participation in the treatment. Easily available, true and relevant information is a prerequisite for understanding the pain control options.


To explore the application of integrative experimental teaching on case-study in the course of basic clinical laboratory medicine for the students of medical laboratory science.The practice in the grade of 2007 and 2008 shows that the method mentioned above arouses the students' enthusiasm and initiative,improves the experiment teaching quality,and cultivates the students' scientific research innovation ability.

Key words:
Clinical laboratory medicine;  Case based teaching;  Teaching reform


We generalise the concept of universal central extensions for perfect groups to arbitrary finite groups. This construction, called the se miv rsal central extension of the group, has the property that it contains every cover of this g roup as a subquotient.


In our country, there is not any domestic or international regulation regarding assessment of cumulative impacts of air pollution caused by thermal power stations in the region or environment in where the station is established. According to the Article 56 of the Constitution, everyone has the right to live in a healthy and balanced environment and it is the duty of the State and citizens to protect the environmental rights. These rights include right to live in an environment which is protected and is not damaged or polluted, in addition to social and cultural development, and the efficient use of national resources for in particular the rapid, balanced and harmonious development of industry and agriculture throughout the country, which is stated in the Article 166 of the Constitution. Cumulative impact assessment is evaluation of the effects caused by the combined results of a project or a certain project action and foreseeable past, current and future human actions. Cumulative impact assessment of thermal power stations could be possible with the determination of the combined effects of existing and licensed power stations while licensing process of a new stations. There should be an assessment regarding the place, location and type of other power stations which are already established or are planned to establish in the same city or geographic area. This requirement is crucial in terms of judicial review of licensing of new power stations which are planned to establish upon Environment Impact Assessment is Positive decision.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Energy consumption is major issue in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). As the batterypowered sensor nodes are greatly constrained in energy supply, it is of tremendous significance to investigate energy optimization methods to prolong WSN lifetime. For Energy optimization various approaches have been worked out by researchers. The one of approaches introduces reliable routing and networking protocol. The networking protocol provides reliable data delivery and minimizes energy overhead. Some other approach tackles the problem of energy consumption by the cross layer energy efficient model with two modulation scheme Frequency shift keying (FSK) and Pulse Position modulation (PPM) with randomly deployed sensor node in small scale WSN. In this model PPM modulation scheme provides better energy optimization than FSK modulation for both general and dense WSN. Third technique solves the energy consumption in multiple target coverage problems (MTC) with two sensor scheduling scheme one is optimization scheme and other is heuristic scheme. Above approaches have limitation of Dynamic energy management hence the target tracking concept of WSN which has effective and efficient energy management can be proposed. The grid exclusion and Dijkstra algorithm used for coverage metric and energy metric respectively in target tracking.


The world is currently addicted to its main energy source – oil. The oil demand resulted in the inception of deep and ultra-deep offshore oil exploitation, an inherently dangerous activity. Following an introduction, this article looks at the marine pollution from offshore operations. It also focuses on the international regulation consisting of international and regional agreements regarding offshore exploitation. The article is rounded off with the analysis of US regime on offshore facility liability.


With the aid of molecular dynamics simulations, we study the behavior of cholesterol in several representative membrane environments. Especially, we pay attention to the relation between local lipid packing and the thermodynamic properties of cholesterols in different membranes. It is found that the entropy and enthalpy values of cholesterols in different membranes depend on the membrane lipid packing. Loose lipid packing always corresponds to favorable entropy but disadvantaged enthalpy, while dense lipid packing has an opposite role. We further investigate the transbilayer distribution of cholesterols in curved membrane and find that the cholesterol will adjust its distribution in the two leaflets of curved membrane as the two leaflets have different lipid packing styles. And quantitatively, we present a simple theory model to explain the redistribution of cholesterols in curved membrane and discuss its potential impact on the membrane deformation process.


In a housing (5) supported terter honeycomb body (1), especially an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, wherein the honeycomb body (1) has a lateral surface (2) and a length (L) in an axial direction (A), and between at least a portion of the surface area (2) and the housing (5) at least one plate (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) is arranged with at least one structure (9), and further comprising at least one structure (9) sections, a plurality of and in radial direction ( has R) mutually moveable layers (8), so that (in the circumferential direction U) overhanging bulges (3) are formed, characterized in that the bulges (3) (in the circumferential direction U) extend forward and backward. The invention in a housing retained honeycomb body can be almost freely expand thermally relative to the housing, wherein a long-term fixation of the honeycomb body in the housing, in particular in the housing of an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, is ensured.


As the devices are scaling down, the combinational logic will become susceptible to soft errors. The conventional soft error tolerant methods for soft errors on combinational logic do not provide enough high soft error tolerant capability with reasonably small performance penalty. This paper investigates the feasibility of designing quasi-delay insensitive (QDI) asynchronous circuits for high soft error tolerance. We analyze the behavior of Null Convention Logic circuits in the presence of particle strikes, and propose a novel technique to improve the robustness of threshold gates, which are basic components in NCL, against particle strikes by using Schmitt trigger circuit and resizing the feedback transistor. Experimental results show that the proposed threshold gates do not generate soft errors under the strike of a particle within a normal energy range if a proper transistor size is applied. The penalties, such as delay and power consumption, are also presented.


Obesity is a pandemic: worldwide, it is estimated more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight and, of these, over 650 million were obese in 2016.


An objective procedure to determine the depreciation component of vehicle operating costs requires the identification of the time- and use-related parts of depreciation. This division can be obtained from an analysis of vehicle survivor curves. Truck survey data on vehicle use by age are used to create are based on an analysis of 86,615 vehicles and used to produce a procedure to differentiate between time and use. Vehicle depreciation due to use is shown to be based on predicting a vehicle's maximum potential life mileage, which provides the basis for determining the depreciation component of vehicle operating costs. This use-related depreciation is a function of road surface conditions based on relationships developed in the Brazil highway costs study. (Author)


Aggression is an act of threats directed at others who may be verbal, physical or sexual nature. Medical management of aggressive behavior among the psychiatric emergency area in which decisions must be made quickly in a short period of time. Quality of medical services largely depends on the level of knowledge and training of nurses. High frequency and diversity of occurrence of aggressive and violent behavior by the medical staff not only to the psychiatric ward, the necessity to a wider range of health professionals meet and train to work with such patients in first aid, health care and therapy. For emergencies in psychiatry, particularly aggressive behavior, most often there is no time for planning and setting goals of care. These conditions require a high level of expertise, training and knowledge of the medical technicians to act "here and now". Working with these patients has its own characteristics and is different from other medical interventions in emergency situations.


The article attempts a phenomenological and hermeneutical analysis of Kierkegaard's notion of instant conceived as the synthesis of time and eternity from an anthropological and existential viewpoint. It first shows the concrete instant as a correlation between the absolute meaning freely assumed for his existence by a subject and an event by virtue of which the sum total of what he is demands a decision in favor of that meaning as a means to catch a glimpse of the absolute and eternal in time. Secondly, the article explains how the instant requires a conjunction of faith and wisdom, which is termed lucidity, in order to make itself concrete .


Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate ability of quantitative analysis of MRI features to distinguish triple negative (TN) and HER2 positive (HER2+) subtypes of breast cancer, which have different biological characteristics, exhibiting different growth patterns and response to treatment. Materials and Method: Breast cancer patients, who had MRI exam of the breast in our institution at the time of staging for breast carcinoma and who subsequently had surgery (segmentectomy or mastectomy) from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2015 were identified. All lesions were evaluated by radiologists in accordance with the BI-RADS lexicon. The patient9s age, breast cancer histology, multifocality/multicentricity (MF/MC), lesion size, axillary lymphadenopathy (LAN), MRI morphologic and enhancement characteristics were documented. Quantitative MRI feature analysis was performed using shape, texture, and histogram based features. Machine-learning-based (Xgboost) models were used to predict subtypes, and Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was used to avoid model overfitting. Statistical significance was determined using the Student9s t-test. Results: Total of 105 patients, 51 patients with TN and 54 patients with HER2+ breast cancer were included in analysis. Mean age for TN was 50 (range 29-79)) years old and for HER2+ was 49 (range 25-70) years old. Axillary LAN and MF/MC disease was seen more commonly in HER2+ patients when compared to TN patients, but didn9t reach statistical significance (13 vs 7, p=0.9; and 31 vs 20, p=0.06, respectively) . Mass rim enhancement was associated with TN subtype and irregular mass enhancement was associated with HER2+ subtype of breast cancer (p Conclusion: The quantitative MRI features show promise in distinguishing TN and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes reflecting their underlying biological characteristics and may be used as predictive quantitative biological markers. Further studies in a larger cohort evaluating associations with treatment response are underway. Citation Format: Rauch GM, Li H, Zhu H, Adrada BE, Santiago L, Candelaria RP, Wang H, Leung J, Thompson A, Litton J, Wu Y, Lim B, Moulder S, Mittendorf EA, Yang W. Quantitative MRI features analysis for differentiation of triple negative and HER2 positive subtypes of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-04.


We have previously reported that CGRP neurons in the external lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBCGRP) play a critical role in transmitting the arousal signal to cause EEG desynchronization in response to hypercapnia. A second population of neurons adjacent to the PBCGRP group, which projects to respiratory control areas in the medulla, are marked by expression of the transcription factor FoxP2. We hypothesize that while the PBCGRP neurons wake up the forebrain during apneas, the adjacent PBFoxP2 neurons may trigger sudden activation of the airway dilators and other components of the respiratory system during apnea. We first exposed mice (n=4) to 2h of 10% CO2, and tested if PBFoxP2 cells can be activated by such exposure, by double‐ immunostaining the brain tissue for both FoxP2 and cFos. We found that PBFoxP2 neurons showed cFos activation during CO2 exposure, but that none of them also stained for CGRP.


We present a method for detecting, localizing, and labeling objects encountered by a ground-based mobile robot in its environment. This method does not require any object detectors or models, which allows it to codetect objects that have never been seen. Our experimental results show that our system can detect 90% of objects presented, localize such to within 16.5cm, and label such with an accuracy of at least 74.1%.


Preferential flow plays an important role in the movement of soil water. Dye tracer experiments and computer image analysis were used to analyze morphological and distribution of preferential flow paths under different land uses (forest land, shrubs land, and farmland). The relationships between the preferential flow paths and root lengths, root holes and root surface area were analyzed by Pearson method. The results indicated that the upper 0–10 cm depth of the soil in all land uses had more than 50% dye coverage, and below 20 cm depth, the dye stained area was less than 30%. Preferential flow paths in soil are closely related to soil properties, root length, root holes, and root surface area. The soil properties in the area with preferential flow paths are quite different than that in soil matrix. The soil organic matter content was approximately 5–20% higher in the preferential flow paths area than that in the soil matrix. The percent of preferential flow paths in soil is significantly affected by roots with a diameter of less than 5 mm, root holes and root surface area. The vertical distribution is quite different in different land uses. Shrubs land and farmland have more preferential flow paths in the top soil layers than forestland, and the situation conversed in deeper soil layer.


While some 80% of concrete used in the USA and Japan contain admixtures the comparable is only 30% in the UK. The author examines why admixtures are not more widely used as information on their use is widely available as they are now an integral part of advanced concrete technology. Advances in UK concreting technology has brought improved strength but not necessarily increased durability. The increased demand for such cement supplements as pfa and blastfurnace slag cement has brought greater demand for water-reducing admixtures to compensate for the reduced rate of strength gain which such concretes have at early ages. Factors are mentioned which determine the effect of admixtures such as cement type, mix proportions, temperature and dosage. Types of admixtures and their effect on concrete mixes are described in detail and includes such types as air entraining admixtures, air entraining, plasticisers, water reducing admixtures, accelerators, retarding admixtures and waterproofers. (Author/TRRL)


Sudoku puzzles can be formulated and solved as a sparse linear system of equations. This problem is a very useful example for the Compressive Sensing (CS) theoretical study. In this study, the equivalence of Sudoku puzzles L0 and L1 minimizations is analyzed. In particular, 17-clue (smallest number of clues) uniquely completable puzzles with sparse optimization algorithms are studied and divided into two types, namely, type-I and -II puzzles. The solution of L1 minimization for the type-I puzzles is unique, and the sparse optimization algorithms can solve all of them exactly. By contrast, the solution of L1 minimization is not unique for the type-II puzzles, and the results of algorithms are incorrect for all these puzzles. Each empty cell for all type-II puzzles is examined. Results show that some cells can change the equivalence of L0 and L1 minimizations. These results may be helpful for the study of equivalence of L0 and L1 norm minimization in CS.


Aims: To identify factors explaining return to work (RTW) 12 months after a multimodal rehabilitation (MMR) intervention in the REHSAM II project.Methods: The present study is a secondary assessmen ...


In robotic radiosurgery, an arrangement of cylindrical beams forms a high dose area conformal to the target region. Beams start at various positions around the patient, and are oriented towards arbitrary points in the target. Due to the large number of potential beams, only a small subset of beams can be considered during treatment planning. An efficient heuristics to select promising candidate beams can substantially shorten and improve treatment planning. We have developed a tool to visualize the 3D dose distribution and the beams. Using a hypsometric color scheme, the visualization toolkit (VTK), and an autostereoscopic display, we established the spatial extent of cold and hot spots and the effect of beams. With this new visualization tool we assessed the dose distribution and the beam arrangement of two treatment plans for intra-cranial tumors. Based on the visual analysis of the dose distribution and the effect of the beams, we derived a heuristics to place beams. Treatment plans computed for the heuristically placed beams were compared to the original plans. The results suggest that a heuristic pre-selection of potential treatment beams is possible. The visualization proved useful for 3D analysis of treatment plans and as a tool for rapid development of beam placement heuristics.


Nonstructural protein NS3 is considered a molecular marker for the cytopathic biotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus and has a variety of biological functions.It has been reported that NS3 played an important role in the processing of other nonstructural proteins,the release of mature particles,viral RNA replication,transcription and the generation of cytopathic effect in the host cell.This paper summarizes the biological properties of NS3 and its related functions,which lays the foundation for further study on the mechanism of NS3-induced cytopathic effect.


Preparation of fully deuterium-labeled cyclohexene by H/ D-exchange reaction was performed efficiently in the presence of ruthenium catalyst under irradiation of microwaves. The reaction proceeds via a repetition of hydroruthenation and β-elimination.


The purpose of this work is to establish a method for proton dose calibration with Faraday cup(FC),which is to satisfy the requirement of proton dose calibration for cosmic ray irradiation.A calibration system of proton dose based on the Faraday Cup was established,which was composed of the current spot observation unit,current scattering unit,side current monitoring unit,rotary target unit and FC detection unit.It was carried out to study on proton dose calibration of alanine film dosimeters with this system.


One of the significant developments to occur after more than two decades of Islamists' rule in the religious domain in Sudan is the emergence of Salafism. The increasing political pragmatism of the Islamists and the lenient policy towards most of the religious trends have contributed largely to the proliferation of Salafi activities including political militant Salafism. The rise of militant Salafism and Salafi political actors created a space of concurrence with other religious groups particularly with the dominant Sufi brotherhoods leading sometimes to the eruption of violence. This has destabilized the longstanding peaceful cohabitation among opposing religious groups with the Islamists progressively moving towards the centre of the religious spectrum and emerging as a mediator. This article studies two trends of the Salafi spectrum in Sudan representing different models. It highlights their respective relations with the Islamists regime while highlighting the underlying religious driving principles.


A current challenge of mobile computing is the need to an infrastructure that, in development-time, allows applications can dinamically adapt itself to the scenario. One of approaches that allows this infrastructure is the component-based middleware platforms use. An example of middleware is LoCCAM, intended for devices with Android operating system. This paper presents the LoCCAM evolution. Now, LoCCAM perform dinamically deploy of new components according to changes in the environment. We aim to make LoCCAM an infrastructure capable of providing support for mobile multimedia systems in IoT scenario. Dynamic deployment also enables applications to adapt dynamically to different versions of Android OS. We had create an application that uses mobile augmented reality based context-aware concepts as case study. We tested this application in two smartphones with different Android versions and one smartwatch with Android Wear.


The need to determine the priorities of the scientific and technological development of the country and the effective financing of research and development dictates the application in practice of the ideas of the scientific budget. Based on the conducted research, the authors proposed the principles of the scientific budget, of which the most significant are: the priority of financing the most significant areas of research and development; ensuring a single targeted approach to managing the costs of RD at all stages of the life cycle of scientific research and experimental development. The procedure for developing a scientific budget, from the point of view of the authors, consists of a number of stages. In particular, it is envisaged to assign additional functionality to the Unified State Accounting Information System of RD related to the evaluation and selection of scientific topics (RD projects), as well as determining the amount of funding for work from the federal budget. The algorithm for implementing the additional functionality of the system includes a procedure for determining the compliance of the RD project with the priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, evaluating the scientific and scientific and technical results of the project according to the criteria of the technology readiness level, as well as conducting a comparative analysis of the project under consideration with the average indicators of a sample of analog projects generated in the system automatically. The application of a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of the tools of the state program "Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation" in the formation of the scientific budget allows us to draw conclusions about the need to optimize, expand or reduce the list of program tools. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the program tools is carried out according to the criteria: 1) necessity; 2) sufficiency; 3) the degree of contribution to the achievement of the goal.


The objective of this research was determine physical - chemical and microbiologic parameters from 922 sows with clinical suspicion of IU in several production phases in commercial farms in the South of Brazil and verify the profile of resistance of the bacterial agents isolated. The urinary tract infection was diagnosed in (93.98%) of the 922 sows with clinical signs of IU. The main bacterial species diagnosed in pure culture were Escherichia coli (48.13%) and Streptococcus sp (27.58%). The sows presented in the physical exam of the urine, coloration yellow-white (32.3%), turbidity (86.6%) and ammoniac smell (66.04%). The medium pH values of the sows with and without IU was 6.42 and 6.29, respectively. The clinical signs and physical - chemical parameters of the urine should be considered in the evaluation of the occurrence of IU, however, they should not be considered separately as indicators of IU, only analyze united it turns them representative and significant.The most efficient antimicrobials in the control of IU were ceftiofur, norfloxacina and enrofloxacina. KEY WORDS: Antibiogram, bacteriology, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp, swine


The floristic equilibrium point and its biogeographic significance are important for understanding the floristic origin, distribution, and spatial patterns of plant diversity. Based on field surveys, documented data and related case studies, the relationship between altitude and latitude at floristic equilibrium points, and its biogeographic significance are examined. The results showed a floristic equilibrium point at 2 050 m elevation on Mt. Yao, northeastern Yunnan, China. The elevation of the floristic equilibrium point decreases with an increase in latitude. Mean annual temperature at different floristic equilibrium points shows high consistency around 12.96±0.28℃, which hints that the floristic equilibrium point reflects certain energy requirements. Below the floristic equilibrium point, the majority of the flora contains tropical and subtropical elements; above that point temperate elements are dominant. According to the relationship between altitude and latitude at the floristic equilibrium point, the theoretical north-south dividing line between the vegetation in eastern China is around 36°N. According to the mean annual temperature at the floristic equilibrium point and spatial patterns of the isotherm in eastern China, the north-south boundary of vegetation is between 34 and 35°N, on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains, which is consistent with previous case studies.


In any planning for cities some basic issues remain consistent. Clearly traditional planning with its focus on land uses, how space is organized or where differing types of settlement should occur continues as do planning decisions about infrastructures such as roads, utilities like electricity or sewage. For instance, Kamez a suburb of Tirana in Albania, mushroomed as an informal settlement with no rules over last 25 years from a greenfield site to a place of 300,000 people. Clearly a more formal physical planning structure needed to be put in place, such as road infrastructures or utilities as well as how building permits would be agreed. So we cannot decry this form of planning.


(b) Governmentsof countries in the Americas initiated the development of a multilateral evaluation mechanism for which a distinct set of indicators and a timetable have been agreed upon. The Board expects that the mechanism will be used not only to evaluate the efforts of individual countries in facingdrugabuse and illicit drug trafficking, but also to improve the exchange of information and experiences, providing a clearer view of the actual situation in the Americas and fostering cooperation;


Unlike wired networks, the configuration and the behavior of wireless networks are heavily dependent on many environmental factors. While this makes it more difficult to build a wireless network testbed whose behavior is controllable, it also makes the availability of such a testbed all the more desirable. Indeed, the difficulties in building a good wireless mesh testbed belie the fact that most research work on mesh network performance is backed up only by computer simulations. In this paper, we present a practical design philosophy in which a realistic and controllable wireless mesh network testbed is built with a relatively small deployment of physical equipments by exploiting the idea of a virtual network. Specifically, we simulate a virtual network within the testbed and use one physical wireless transceiver to simulate multiple virtual devices. An observer who only reads the transmitted wireless messages will not be able to tell the difference from a real wireless mesh. Our approach has been adopted in a recent industry-standard testing suite, namely, Wi-HTest. In this paper, we shall discuss our experience in building Wi-HTest by applying the virtual network approach.


New reform lies ahead of teaching of practical training in our higher vocational education at present.Existing problems of traditional teaching model of practical training in traditional Chinese medicine preparation and production are analyzed and summed up.Reformatory thinking,plans and evaluating mechanism of projects-teaching are put forward.A way to teaching reform is explored on training special technical talents with high quality for producing station.


Offering water in quantity and quality needed in the Brazilian semiarid is a challenge far from being overcome, especially when it comes to diffuse rural communities. Knowing uses, demands and sources of water is vital for better management in a scenario of water scarcity. The alluviums are a considerable alternative in the perspective of better coexistence with this reality. For the stretch on the Upper Capibaribe River, the most relevant usage characteristics, demands and types of water sources in rural communities in the semiarid were identified. The water availability of the alluvium in the area was also evaluated. The granulometry, the parameters of hydraulic conductivity and porosity and the estimation of the exploitable resources were obtained. The population uses water from different sources in a combined way. Water from cisterns is used almost exclusively for the most noble domestic activities, while the water stored in the alluvium is used primarily for the less noble and for family farming and animal husbandry. In general, the limitation of access to water determines which productive activities can be carried out. The sediments that make up the alluvium were classified as medium to coarse sands. The estimated potential for exploitable water volume of the alluviums has accredited them as the main source of supply for these communities.


Floristic investigation of raiways in Belgorod allowed to find new quarantine species Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald (syn. Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth.), which was noted in Russia only in the Krasnodar, Rostov and Volgograd regions. Findings of the new alien plant for the Belgorod region testifies an opportunity of its future distribution and invasion within more northern regions of Russia.


In this thesis a number of computer vision problems is discussed, in particular we study the problem of view synthesis. The focus is on using complex features to determine the geometry of the scene and the cameras, in contrast to traditional point-based methods. The thesis is divided into two parts: In the fist part geometric relations between different features, corresponding in several images are investigated. Among others geometric relations of images of planes are presented. It is shown how these relations may be used to generate images from novel viewpoints and to create 3D models from images. The feature quiver, defined by a point and a number of directions from this point, is introduced. Three minimal cases of estimating the structure and motion using correspondences of quivers in three images are solved. In the second part of the thesis a number of implemented computer vision systems is presented. First a novel system for automatic generation of images from new view points using the information in a number of given images, is described. Secondly we propose an automatic system for visualisation of fridge contents. 3D models of the objects in the fridge are created when they are inserted. Thirdly a system for detecting windows in a city scene based on support vector machines is presented, and finally we describe a system for estimation of position and orientation from a image, when a model of the surroundings is available. (Less)


We've seen the anecdotes, about how her life was saved by a timely mammogram, or his by an only-slightly-elevated PSA level. Now they are "cancer survivors." But what is the evidence to show that those (and other) screening tests actually save lives a far different metric from reducing deaths due to the specific cancer being screened for. (And by the way, there has never been a test to "prevent cancer." At best, screening detects earlier or smaller cancers but does nothing to prevent their occurrence.)


Study of the decomposition kinetics, pyrolysis products, and even reaction mechanisms plays an important role for the development of polymer recycling. In the present research, the kinetics of virgin and waste polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were studied by a modified Coats–Redfern method. Afterward, thermal cracking of them in a semibatch reactor under atmospheric pressure in nitrogen has been investigated. Both virgin and waste plastics are decomposed at 420–460 °C, and the products have been characterized using GC, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and GC-MS. The reaction path and the degradation mechanism for the thermal cracking of polymer in this study were also discussed. The lower activation energy of waste PP and LDPE indicates that waste plastics degrade at lower initial temperature and may favor mild conditions. Due to the short residence time, the higher gaseous and liquid yields were obtained for virgin PP and LDPE. A large amount of residues for waste polymer indicates that it is a favor...


The smart city concept is a solution to many problems that we are facing in our day-to-day life. Many countries have been started adopting many prototypes to solve daily challenges. Still, the smart city term does not have any universally accepted definition. The smart city is a ubiquitous term whose definition varies from person to person, city to city, and country to country. The lack of a common definition remains the term smart city is in a chaotic state. This paper has presented the socio-technical challenges during the implementation of smart city plans. It has analyzed the smart city execution problems in the context of developed and underdeveloped countries.


Epidemic dropsy is a disease which is common in Bengal and which presents the following features: It always affects rice eaters. The incidences is high when rice is the staple article of diet, low when a little rice is eaten and nil when no rice is consumed. In nearly all cases the disease is caused by rice that has been parboiled, highly polished and stored in hot and damp places for months after milling. In many outbreaks of the disease it has been possible to trace the source of infection to the same rice store, although the people affected have been widely separated. In early cases, if rice is eliminated from the diet the disease ceases to progress, but in advanced cases in which considerable damage has been done to the tissues the disease often fails to respond quickly and frequently progresses for a considerable time. Outbreaks of epidemic dropsy


More and more frequently a notion of space ghettoization is used to describe a phenomenon of dividing urban space into various enclaves of social life-or socially isolated worlds. Ghettoization that we describe results from various social processes which are increasingly reflected in urban space. It results from differences in the economic standard of inhabitants of given areas (riches-poverty) There is one more criterion, very important if we view the case from a profoundly humanistic perspective-the criterion of social emotions accompanying urban space. This justifies the title of this article. Today's ghettoes may result from relatively automatic choices (lifestyles) and relatively objective processes-marginalization. We will try to make a general outline of the problems of ghettoization in a traditional industrial region, namely in Upper Silesia, related to diversification of income as well as the aesthetic and architectonic and urban criteria.


[1] Group and phase velocities of fundamental mode Rayleigh waves, in the period range of 10 to 70 s, are obtained for southern and northern Tibet. Significant variations in crustal velocity structure are found. The group velocity minimum for Tibet occurs at � 33 s and the minimum is � 0.12 km/s lower for southern Tibet than for northern Tibet. At periods greater than 50 s, however, group velocities are up to 0.2 km/s faster in southern Tibet. The group and phase velocities are inverted for layered S wave models. The dispersion observations in southern Tibet can only be fit with a low-velocity layer in the middle crust. In contrast, the velocity models for northern Tibet do not require any lowvelocity zone in the crust. The S wave velocity of the lower crust of southern Tibet is � 0.2 km/s faster than the lower crust of northern Tibet. In southern Tibet the sub-Moho velocity increases with a positive gradient that is similar to a shield, while there is no velocity gradient beneath northern Tibet. The high-velocity lower crust of southern Tibet is consistent with the underthrusting of Indian continental lithosphere. The most plausible explanation of the mid-crustal low velocity zone is the presence of crustal melt resulting from H2O-saturated melting of the interplate shear zone between the underthrusting Indian crust and overflowing Asian crust. The lack of a pronounced crustal low-velocity zone in northern Tibet is an indication of a relatively dry crust. The low S wave velocity in the lower crust of northern Tibet is interpreted to be due to a combination of compositional differences, high temperatures, presumably caused by a high mantle heat flux, and possibly small amounts of partial melt. Combined with all available observations in Tibet, the new surface wave results are consistent with a hot and weak upper mantle beneath northern Tibet. INDEX TERMS: 7205 Seismology: Continental crust (1242); 7218 Seismology: Lithosphere and upper mantle; 7255 Seismology: Surface waves and free oscillations; 8102 Tectonophysics: Continental contractional orogenic belts; KEYWORDS: Tibet, crustal velocity structure, surface wave, Rayleigh waves, continental collision


This paper presents a new local refining meshing algorithm which is referred to as the exposed face mesh (EFM) algorithm, for 3D coupled electromechanical analysis with multiple dielectrics. This algorithm allows for the independent refinement of the electrostatic mesh and mechanical mesh in a coupled system. This approach is compared to the commonly used volume refining mesh method in which both the electrostatic and mechanical mesh domains are refined concurrently. The new EFM method is shown to have substantial improvement in increasing accuracy of results and reducing computational expense especially for fringe electric field dominated structures. For a typical comb drive structure, the EFM algorithm generates much fewer volume mesh nodes for mechanical analysis and fewer surface mesh panels for electrostatic analysis than the standard volume refining mesh method. At the same time, the EFM method showed an improvement in accuracy from 15 percent to within 5 percent for this case. The IntelliCAD MEMS modeling software has incorporated this EFM algorithm and made it a unique software system to handle general device structures accurately.


The current situation and limiting factors of urban eco environment are assessed.The strategies for the construction of urban eco-environment of Shanghai in the 10th five year planning(2001-2005) are also provided from different aspects including population density optimum, city and village integrated planning, cleaner production and ISO14000 attestation, greening construction, environmental protection, environmental education and organization building as well.


Computer-based educational systems are faced with an increasing range of challenges. The use of multimedia provides a number of technical and conceptual demands, the volume and nature of the material requires sophisticated knowledge representation techniques, and a continuously increasing level of interactivity between learner and system is desired. This paper suggests a concept for an advanced learning system which addresses these issues. The concept is based on the Flexible Structured Coding Language (FSCL), a natural-language-like formalised description language. A range of extensions regarding the use of ontologies, the inference of knowledge and the formulation of free-form queries based on FSCL are discussed.


We shall consider the problem −ε 2 y " + g(x)y = f (x), y(0) = a, y(1) = b, where the function f (x) is not continuous at some point d ∈ (a, b). The approximate solution will be constructed inside the layers using truncated Chebyshev series.


Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products are created when sulfur dioxide is removed from the combustion gases of fossil fuel (e.g. coal) fired boilers. Several of these FGD by-products have properties that make them attractive for land application uses in agriculture and surface mineland reclamation. The properties of FGD that are potentially beneficial include (1) their alkalinity, (2) presence of plant nutrients (especially sulfur and trace minerals), (3) their ability to improve soil physical properties and (4) the presence of sulfite in the FGD which acts as an antioxidant and can control formation of acid drainage from coal mine spoil or coal refuse. A 1999 Report to Congress entitled ``Wastes from the Combustion of Fossil Fuels'' identified arsenic (As) as a potential factor that could pose an environmental risk and limit some land application uses of FGD by-products, e.g. the use of FGD by-products in agriculture. Several studies in Ohio showed that when FGD is applied to agricultural soils based on the soils-lime requirement, the uptake of As into crop plants is generally not significantly different than that from soils treated with agricultural lime. Also, use of FGD for reclamation of acid and toxic minespoil or coal refuse at rates upmore » to 1570 Mg/ha (700 tons/acre) did not significantly increase As uptake by plants or negatively impact surface and leachate water quality. In cases where impacts were noted, they were generally limited to the year of FGD application and the impacts were much less severe or not evident in subsequent years. This paper concludes with several guidelines that must be considered when projects are being planned that utilize FGD for land application. When these steps are appropriately applied, the potential to maximize the positive properties and to minimize the negative impacts of land-application uses of FGD will be enhanced.« less


Film by Cedric Jimenez and Arnaud Duprey shot largely from the perspective of security cameras and webcams. Audio is largely recorded phone conversations. set in


This paper discusses challenges faced by Nigerian universities' principal officers when implementing government policies on university education. The paper adopts a qualitative approach towards unveiling the causal mechanisms that affect the implementation of government policies in Nigeria, using principal officers' knowledge of the phenomenon. Twenty-one principal officers were involved in the study. A purposive sampling method was adopted for the selection of these principal officers. The finding revealed five major mechanisms that challenge the implementation of government policies in the context of Nigerian universities. The findings reveal that many competing voices operate in different parts of the sector. This affects the structure, causing the mechanism to function wrongly, with a lack of common platforms from which to understand government policies.


Knowledge and awareness of oral health issues are essential for prevention of dental and other associated systemic diseases. This study explores among visually impaired subjects living in Jazan region, with the respect to frequency and quality of use and the effect of type of blindness on the distribution of oral health related knowledge and behavior. Supervisors taking care of visually impaired subjects of different degrees were informed about the aim of the study. A total of 92 questionnaires were distributed randomly to be completed by the consent participants from each age group, gender and categories of blind situation. First, a consent letter was carefully read to the participants by the interviewer and data collected, and then processed and analyzed by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. In total, 71.5% total blinds and 63.6% partial blinds scored high in the knowledge of caries. The corresponding rates regarding the knowledge of gingivitis were 61.2 and 41.4%, respectively. The scores of knowledge of oral infection in relation to systemic disease were 31.1% total blinds and 29.3% partial blinds. Tooth brushing ≤2 times a day was confirmed by 44.2% total blinds and 42.4% partial blinds, respectively. Awareness of oral health issues is high among the study subjects, but specific misconceptions exist. There is equality in knowledge and practice of oral hygiene among the types of blind subjects.

 Key words: Knowledge, oral hygiene, toothbrush, oral health behaviour, visually impaired subjects.


OBJECTIVE To determine the functional health status and treatment satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes from the Evaluation of Lantus Effect ON Optimization of use of single dose Rapid insulin (ELEONOR) study that investigated whether a telecare program helps optimization of basal insulin glargine with one bolus injection of insulin glulisine. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Functional health status and treatment satisfaction were investigated using the 36-Item Short-Form (SF-36) Health Survey, the World Health Organization Well-Being Questionnaire (WBQ), and the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire. RESULTS Of 291 randomized patients, 238 completed the study (telecare: 114; self-monitoring blood glucose: 124). Significant improvements were detected in most SF-36 domains, in WBQ depression and anxiety scores, and in treatment satisfaction, without differences between study groups. CONCLUSIONS An insulin regimen that substantially improves metabolic control, while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia, can positively affect physical and psychologic well-being and treatment satisfaction irrespective of the educational support system used.


The present invention relates to a solar cell sealing film and a preparation method, which comprises components in the parts by mass: 100 parts of polymer resin, 1-50 parts of a polar resin, 0.5-2 parts of crosslinking agent, crosslinking 0.05-0.2 parts accelerator, 0.2 to 0.6 parts of a tackifier, 0.1 to 0.5 parts antioxidant, 0.05 to 0.25 parts of UV light stabilizers, ultraviolet light absorbers 0.05-0.25 parts. The preparation comprises: (1) proportioning the respective raw materials are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixture; (2) the mixture was poured into an extruder to obtain an extrudate plasticized and kneaded, and the resulting extrudate was subjected to casting, calendering forming, cooling, traction shaping, i.e. finally prepared by winding step. Packaging film according to the present invention has a high light transmittance, can effectively aging, electrical insulating properties after prolonged use substantially constant; high efficiency production method of the present invention, low cost, large-scale production.


The handling of the public crises is one important duty of the modern government.Under special geographical conditions,natural disasters like mud-rock flow and landslide will surely occur,and Yunnan is no exception.Timely evacuation before the disaster can reduce the loss to the minimum and the key to it is the scientific and accurate prediction.Thus,the local government must understand the special role of the crisis relief in dealing with crises and its feasibility,and work out practical measures.


The Schur function expansion of Sato-Segal-Wilson KP -functions is reviewed. The case of -functions related to algebraic curves of arbitrary genus is studied in detail. Explicit expressions for the Plücker coordinate coefficients appearing in the expansion are obtained in terms of directional derivatives of the Riemann -function or Klein -function along the KP flow directions. By using the fundamental bi-differential it is shown how the coefficients can be expressed as polynomials in terms of Klein's higher-genus generalizations of Weierstrass' - and -functions. The cases of genus-two hyperelliptic and genus-three trigonal curves are detailed as illustrations of the approach developed here. Bibliography: 53 titles.


The channel origin of the medium route project of water transfer from south to north locates the Nanyang City in Henan province.With the project putting up,the exterior environment of Nanyang agriculture industrial structure's adjustment will be further improved.There are advantages and disadvantages in material foundation and ecosystem of adjustment agriculture structure.It will influence deeply adjustment of Nanyang agriculture's species construction,quantity the construction and regional construction.


Security system and method (10, 10 ', 10' '), which is configured for use with the article of merchandise for the retail display (20, 20', 20 ''), the merchandise items comprising a housing (21, 51 ', 56' '), at least one sensor (26, 26', 26 '') carried by the housing and at least one output device (27, 27 ', 27' ') carried by the housing. Further comprising a security system carried by the housing and operatively coupled to the controller and the output of the sensor device (35, 35 ', 35' '). Based on the sensor controller is operable to determine from the sensor input merchandise items away from a retail display "in-situ" position (37, 37 ', 37' ') of the distance, and the articles of merchandise based on the distance exceeds a threshold distance away from activating the output device. The controller may use the at least one sensor, in conjunction with an inertial navigation system (INS) and the motion processing algorithms or techniques to determine the distance away from a retail display articles of merchandise "in situ" position. Security system components (sensors, controllers, and output devices) may belong to and configured to display an article of merchandise antitheft electronic mode, or may be externally applied to the article of merchandise. Potential buyers are free to study the articles of merchandise but can not steal it.


Central banks' international reserve holdings have increased significantly in the recent past. While traditional models fail to explain this accumulation of reserves, the more recent literature argues that reserves are used as a lifejacket against currency crises. However, research so far has neglected the question whether and how central banks change their precautionary reserve holdings after the country was affected by a currency crisis. This paper tests the hypothesis that central banks revise their reserve policy in the aftermath of currency crises. A dynamic panel data model is estimated for developing and industrial countries covering the period from 1975 to 2003. The evidence suggests that currency crises induce a permanent increase of reserves. This effect is particularly strong for recent currency crises since the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98.


This paper presents the first small diameter wind and react (W&R) coil of a single-core Al-sheathed MgB2 wire prepared by the internal magnesium diffusion method. A heat-resistant Al2O3 insulating layer 15 μm thick was formed on the wire surface by anodic oxidation, prior to coil winding and heat treatment. A space filling factor of 0.91 was achieved for this coil, which is considerably higher than for a mica or fibre-glass insulated coil commonly used in W&R windings. The coil measurements at temperatures of 4.2 K–20 K and external fields of 1.5–8 T showed a good reliability of the Al2O3 insulation to withstand the heat treatment temperature and confirmed its suitability for the W&R process. The presented results demonstrate that the Al-sheathed MgB2 wires can be easily self-insulated and effectively used for ultra-lightweight superconducting windings with a high space filling factor and a high engineering current density.


The Dynamical Intelligent Building takes a new horizon with derivation from the conventional earthquake resistant building structures. The author has proposed and expanded this new concept and has been promoting its research and development. The ultimate goal aims at the intelligent structure which reacts actively to earthquake taking an initiative with the building itself, in contrast with the passive design philosophy which is to endure the fatal disturbance The author realizes the actual building as a first stage of a Dynamical Intelligent Building with an Active Mass Driver (AMD) system and also has been carrying out the development of an Active Variable Stiffness (AVS) system. It is thought that still more development of this innovative technology has progress steadily and the specific plans for the respective applications will be reviewed extensively hereafter.


In order to use potential in the development of wheatgrass plant ( Triticum Aestivum ), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (NaCMC) hydrogels were prepared. The characterization of synthesized hydrogels was examined. Water absorbency and gel content properties were influenced the amount of crosslinker in hydrogels. The water absorbency was negatively affected with crosslinker on the contrary gel content. The application of hydrogels improved the water retention capacity of soil. The manganese release was examined in water and soil and the release slowed down with crosslinker. Manganese-loaded hydrogels were used for growing the wheatgrass plant. The growing of plant was positively affected with using manganese-loaded hydrogels. These results suggest that manganese-loaded hydrogels could be utilized as a controlled fertilizer system in agriculture areas.


Theatre historiography suggests that there has been a gradual change in audience behaviour in the period 1860-1914 in The Netherlands, where this change is towards a higher degree of receptivity of quality and taste. This would imply that ticket sales time series data show signs of long-memory. We test the gradual change hypothesis by tting long-memory time series models for weekly ticket sales series for the Grand Theatre, Coolsingel, Rotterdam for the period 1860-1881. We nd that, even after correcting for deterministic changes (due to changes in management) and for price e ects, there is substantial evidence of long-memory. This nding holds for all ranks, expect for gallery. Hence, we nd supportive evidence for the gradual change hypothesis.


This research group is interested in the development of genomic tools to support the isolation of agronomically important genes. Their first approach, the establishment of a transposon tagging system in a diploid wheat species (Triticum monococcum), represents basic research. Transposons are mobile DNA elements, which excise and reintegrate randomly in the genome. The advantage of transposons over mutagenesis induced chemically or by radiation is that the DNA sequence flanking the transposon insertion site can be conveniently isolated and characterised. This should allow the isolation and characterisation of interesting genes for future transformation and the development of improved wheat lines.


The composite films of potassium nitrate (KNO3):poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) have been prepared at different temperatures by spray-deposition technique. Ferroelectric hysteresis loops were traced at room temperature for the composite films using modified Sawyer and Tower circuit. The X-ray diffraction studies confirm the existence of ferroelectric phase III of KNO3 in the composite films at the room temperature, where this phase in pure KNO3 films is known to exist in the temperature range 110°–124°C. The composite films deposited at 200°C shows the optimum remanent polarization, Pr∼17 μC/cm2. The Pr was studied in the frequency range 10 Hz–1 kHz. The stability of the Pr in the composite films exhibits improved fatigue compared with that of quenched KNO3 films. The capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics exhibits butterfly features which supports the presence of ferroelectric phase in the composite films. The atomic force microscopy images show that the composite films have uniform dispersion of KNO3 particles in the PVA matrix.


Equations were derived by strain-energy methods for analyzing the stress and deflection in the boiler fuel element boxes used in the Pathfinder nuclear reactor. These boxes are of two types, both constructed of Zircaloy lI. One box is approximately 5 in. sq. The second is approximately 10 1/2 in. sq divided internally into four compartments (5 in. sq) by a cruciform control-rod guide structure. Stress and deflection in the box walls are caused by pressure differences across the walls. The equations were verified by testing an aluminum model of the single-element box and a Plexiglas model of the four-element box. There was less than 10% difference between theoretical and measured values for the maximum stress and deflection, and therefore, use of the equations for designing the Pathfinder fuel element boxes is justified. (auth)


Pauline H. Baker is a senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington, D.C. and director of the South African Breakfast Forum. A political scientist who received her doctorate from UCLA, Dr. Baker lived in Africa for 11 years, has conducted research throughout the continent, and travels frequently to South Africa. Her latest work, The United States and South Africa: The Reagan Years, was published by the Ford Foundation and the Foreign Policy Association in 1989.


Hypertyension is one of the degenerative disease a public health problem and important risk factor to arise many ailment of vital organ and bring a weakness of physical, blemish and mortality. Hypertension often called as silent killer because often appears without symptoms, while the blood pressure out of normal. Health Research Association (Riskesdas) Balitbangkes in 2007 showed the prevalence of hypertension nationally reached 31,7%. According to Rasmaliah and friends research in 2004 in work area of Puskesmas Pekan Labuhan, Medan Labuhan, incidens rate of hypertension for people who above 26 years old is 26,4% and patiens of yipertension more in 45-60 years old reached 30,8%. To know the charecteristics of patiens who are hospitalized at General Hospital of  Sidikalang, descriptive study has been done by using case series design and continued with the statistical analysis. The samples were 213 data of patients. From the record data, the result obtained by the higest proportion of female patiens in the age group >60 years (30,0%), Protestant (72,8%), house wives (30,8%), in Dairi (85,9%), second degree of hypertension (79,3%), without comorbidity (56,8%), dyspepsia (54,3%), stroke (53,8), average length of stay 3,45 days, askes (48,4), medically discharged and becoming out patients (81,7). There is no significant  difference between ages with the degree of hypertension (p=0,600). There is no significant  difference between sexes with the degree of hypertension (p=0,087). There is no significant difference between jobs with the degree of hypertension (p=0,716). There is  a difference significant between  average length of stay with the degree of hypertension (p=0,000). To General Hospital of Sidikalang that complement education data recording hospitalized patiens. Give a health promotion to communities to should be empowered, through education in order to contribute active to the prevention and contol of hypertension. To hipertensive patients for his blood pressure checked regurally and maintain a diet and a healthy life style. Keywords : hypertension, patient characteristics, General Hospital of Sidikalang


Abstract Mobile sensor networks can be employed in multiple applications, such as search and rescue, border patrol, battle scenarios and environmental monitoring. In this survey, we review the literature utilising mobile sensor networks in applications classified as target searching and/or tracking. Our contribution is threefold. First, we focus on the diverse types of filters applied to estimating the state of the targets. Second, we present the most common approaches to high-level trajectory planning for the sensors in the network to do target searching and/or tracking. Finally, we classify the literature based on the problem formulation used and solution characteristics. At the end of the survey, we discuss the current state of the literature and possible directions for future research efforts.


Diagnostics plays a critical role in human health, while blood analysis is one of the most common clinical diagnoses. Biomedical engineers have been developing technologies that can robotically perform accurate and rapid blood analysis for field application. The simplified fabrication processes and low cost materials become the tendency of point-of-care (POC) devices for blood analysis. Recently, lab-in-a-tube technique comes up as a simple and robust method for POC measurements of multiple analytes. This paper proposed a tubing system with out-of-plane valves using tygon tubing assembled on a circular disc (CD) for blood separation. Pure plasma could be achieved within minutes after extracting blood from human body. The out-of-plane valve showed excellent capability in preventing backflow and reverse mixing due to diffusion. Therefore, the lab-in-a-tube platform has promising applications for the automation of POC analysis, especially important for the rural areas without enough medical resources.


IT is a fundamental canon of medical ethics that physicians should begin treatment only with the consent of the patient, except in emergencies, when they are expected to take appropriate lifesaving action on the patient's behalf even without consent. But what if the patient, because of age, illness or mental retardation, is incapable of giving consent and the decision involves starting (or stopping) therapy that could not be considered lifesaving, but could at best be expected only to prolong a terminal condition? The question is not far-fetched. Physicians face this kind of dilemma frequently. Traditionally, doctors responsible for the care . . .


Objective To explore the effect of the rational-emotive-behavior therapy(REBT) on mood,cognition and activities of daily living(ADL) of patients with poststroke depression(PSD).Methods 80 PSD patients were divided into control group(n=40) and observation group(n=40).Both groups were given Prozac(20 mg/d) for 8 weeks,and the observation group received REBT(3 times per week,20 min every time) additionally.Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD),Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Barthel Index(BI) were evaluated before and after treatment.Results After 8-week treatment,the scores of HAMD in two groups reduced significantly(P0.01),and the scores of MMSE and BI increased significantly(P0.01).The scores of HAMD were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P0.05),and the scores of MMSE and BI were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P0.05).The BI score was related with sleeping disorder in control group(P0.05).The BI score was both related with sleeping disorder and somatization in the observation group(P0.05).There was no significant difference in the extent of effectiveness on depression between two groups(P0.05),but there was the trend that the efficacy of the observation group was better than the control group.Conclusion REBT combined with antidepressant drugs can better relieve the symptoms of depression and improve cognitive function and ADL of PSD patients.The improvement of somatization and sleep disorders by REBT has a relationship with the enhancement of ADL.


AIM: This study aims to evaluate the nutritional content and physicochemical aspect of the combination of eel and tempe flour.

METHODS: Samples of swamp eel and tempe flour were combined in a ratio of 1:1 (A), 1:2 (B), 1:3.5 (C), and 1 kilogram of Asian swamp eel meat without additional tempe (D), respectively. Homogenization was done using a sinmag planetary mixer. The sample analysis was performed at the SIG Laboratory (PT. Saraswanti Indo Genetech) on November 16, 2021. The samples were analyzed triple (triplicates). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 9.3.0 for Mac OS. Variables were analyzed using multivariate ANOVA with 95% CI (0.05).

RESULTS: There was a significant difference between Samples A, B, C, and D for every proximate analysis parameter (p = 0.000) p < 0.05. The results showed a significant difference in the unsaturated fatty acid parameter between the groups (p < 0.001). Sample C has the highest B9 (folic acid) content compared to other samples (1258.53 ± 1.39 mcg/100 g) and a significant difference was found between samples (p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION: Tempe flour enriched eel flour can act as a source of folate, due to its high folate content. Tempe flour enriched eel flour could be used as a flour mixture in any food products that require flour to increase folate content.


In Sino-US Tire Tariff Case,the disputes focus on the identification of "directly competitive products",as in the international trade."Like and directly competitive products" are the basis of reasonable identification of trade remedy measures and injures.Practical criteria for such identification are concluded in this paper,and discussions are carried out concerning the definition of trade protection and equality.


This article proposes that the cooperative economic form, in Brazil, is a means determined by the Federal Constitution for the State to promote socioeconomic balance. State intervention cannot be limited to neutralizing market failures, but on the contrary, by constitutional order, the State is given the duty to support and encourage the cooperative economic form to provide yet another tool for citizens to participate in free competition. In this way, it is guaranteed, as a fundamental right, that the citizen has the possibility to get rid of hyposufficiency and become an agent within the scope of free competition, thus also acting for the achievement of the common social wellbeing.
Received: 15 February 2021Accepted: 25 March 2021


A tribute to the art of the short story and an anthology of some of today's most exciting writers, this tenth anniversary volume brings together one story from each of the twenty-one winners of the Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction."The Flannery O'Connor Award" was established to encourage gifted young writers by bringing their work to the attention of readers and reviewers. The first volume in the series was published in 1983 to critical acclaim, and the award has since become an important proving ground for new writers.Including some of the most memorable stories published in this country during the last decade, "The Flannery O'Connor Award" is a showcase for the talent and promise that have brough about a resurgence in the short story, as well as testimony to the vitality of the genre.


FLUJO PISTON is a dynamic simulator of plug flow reactors which operates as a complement of Microsoft Excel. As a simulation model it is used the strategy of finite segments in series. In the solution of the system generated it was used, the homotopic method in solving systems of nonlinear algebraic equations and the cubic equation of state of Peng-Robinson, PR with mixing rules of van der Waals for the calculations of thermodynamic properties mixtures. Verification of the results obtained using the simulator was compared with data obtained from the commercial simulator HYSYS.


An unsupervised self-organizing map-based clustering strategy has been developed to classify tissue samples from an oligonucleotide microarray patient database. Our method is based on the likelihood that a test data vector may have a gene expression fingerprint that is shared by more than one tumor class and as such can identify datasets that cannot be unequivocally assigned to a single tumor class. Our self-organizing map analysis completely separated the tumor from the normal expression datasets. Within the 14 different tumor types, classification accuracies on the order of 80% correct were achieved. Nearly perfect classifications were found for leukemia, central nervous system, melanoma, uterine, and lymphoma tumor types, with very poor classifications found for colorectal, ovarian, breast, and lung tumors. Classification results were further analyzed to identify sets of differentially expressed genes between tumor and normal gene expressions and among each tumor class. Within the total pool of 1139 genes most differentially expressed in this dataset, subsets were found that could be vetted according to previously published literature sources to be specific tumor markers. Attempts to classify gene expression datasets from other sources found a wide range of classification accuracies. Discussions about the utility of this method and the quality of data needed for accurate tumor classifications are provided. Introduction The challenge of human cancer classifications will require methodologies capable of accurately assessing over 100 tumor types and an even larger number of tumor subtypes (1). Recent efforts to develop algorithmic methods for multiclass tumor classifications based on fingerprints of tumor gene expression profiles offer considerable hope toward precise, objective, and systematic cancer diagnosis (2–8) More importantly, these successes extend beyond disease classifications by providing a basis for molecular targeted therapies (9, 10). These early stages of cancer classification methodologies have raised many questions, which fall primarily into two broad areas: one involving analytical issues related to the computational and statistical strategies; and the other related to the construction of comprehensive patient-based gene expression databases (11, 12). This paper will focus on the analytical issues of multiclass tumor classifications based on the publicly available oligonucleotide microarray samples available at the Whitehead site. Our analysis will develop an unsupervised SOMbased classification scheme using 190 patient tumor samples spanning 14 common tumor types and 90 normal tissue expression profiles. Our procedure is based on a fuzzy classification scheme that attempts to assign rankings of each tissue sample to all 14 tumor classes. Fuzzy is used here to indicate cases where an exact set of rules (genes) may not always yield clear and unique separations (tumor classes) among test samples (tissues). Our results will be contrasted with previously published, highly accurate, supervised classification schemes (2). These earlier supervised schemes have used binary classification strategies trained a priori according to tumor class membership as well as partitioning algorithms organized by class hierarchy (11). Our intent here is to offer an alternative methodology directed at the common goal of multiclass tumor assignments. The approach is general and can easily be implemented on any gene expression dataset across a large number of tumor classes. Noteworthy in our approach is the development of fuzzy classification tumor assignments, which can be demonstrated to identify unclassifiable tumor samples as well as characterize other samples possessing gene profiles characteristic of more than one tumor class. As our results will demonstrate, our classification accuracies match those obtained by others, suggesting that little can be gained from this alternative approach. Implicit in our procedure, however, is the absence of gene selection using a priori classification Received 9/30/02; revised 12/20/02; accepted 1/15/03. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. 1 This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, NIH, under Contract No. NO1-CO-12400. 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Screening Technologies Branch, Laboratory of Computational Technologies, Building 1052, Room 238, Frederick, MD 21702. 3 www-genome.wi.mit.edu/MPR. 4 The abbreviations used are: SOM, self-organizing map; CNS, central nervous system; S2N, signal to noise; PCA, principal component analysis. 317 Vol. 2, 317–332, March 2003 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics


The present disclosure, a) an epoxy resin, b) an epoxy curing agent containing at least one cycloaliphatic amine, c) at least 3% by weight of a metal triflate catalyst, d) optionally additionally, a fatty acid polyamide, e) optionally additionally comprises a filler material, an object of the curable composition. The compositions of the present disclosure, use of the structural assembly is very particularly suitable for potting and filling operation in a sandwich structure. The present disclosure also relates to a composite assembly and method of using such epoxy resin curing composition.


Since the 1990s,preschool art education have developed quickly under the government intervention in America.Preschool art education in America is unique in goal,content,approach,assessment as follows: the goal for all children's integral development,life-oriented and integrative content,kindergarten associate with community,perfect assessment system,tolerant and open multicultural art education.The features of preschool art education in America can bring some inspiration for the development of preschool art education in our country.


Argumentation of choice of the studio The choice for this studio comes from the relation of the subject with the contemporary situation in my hometown of Venice in Italy. Because of the growing tourism industry, many citizens in Venice have had to leave their former homes and the city, due to increased house prices and the related loss of daily services. Today the city's economy rotates around tourism and the needs of the citizens are left in the background. The Msc3/4 Graduation Studio, Heritage and Housing gives us the chance to develop an intervention for a dwelling in the inner city of Amsterdam ( Binnengasthuis ), which in my opinion can be seen as a new start for tackling the museumifcation and gentrification process.


The uses of 52 plants in traditional medicine of the people of Nepali ethnic origin of Assam in northeastern India are presented.


An account was tested of the development of the interplay between automatic processes and cognitive resources in reading. According to compensatory-encoding theory, with advancing skill, readers increasingly keep automatic processes from faltering and provide timely, accurate data to working memory by pausing, looking back, rereading, and compensating in other ways when automatic processes fail. Reading skill profiles (e.g., word naming, semantic access, working memory capacity) were obtained from 71 third graders, 68 fifth graders, and 72 seventh graders from a university lab school or a public school (ages 7 to 15; 146 Caucasians, 61 African Americans, 2 Native Americans, 2 Latino Americans). Children participated in an unrestricted reading task (no time or performance pressure) and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 levels of 3 experimental manipulations of restriction on reading: time pressure or no pressure, constant reading rate or variable reading rate, read silently or read aloud. Regression analyses revealed that developmental level and restriction moderated the reading skill level-comprehension relationship, and restriction lowered comprehension when it overwhelmed skills, especially for younger readers. Verbally inefficient readers compensated most often, and older readers compensated most efficiently.


Integrating the digital and non-digital assessment games for use in the classroom can enhance the user experience even when the course is challenging. Therefore, this study explores the user experience when a Talent Cap Module (TCM) is implemented in the Talent Recruitment and Selection course. The TCM consists of two types of significant components, digital assessment games: Talent Race and Talent Feud and non-digital assessment games: Talent Mind and Talent Gram. The students answered a questionnaire based on the MEEGA+ model after they experienced the TCM module. The study findings indicated that the TCM enhanced the engaging experience of learning the Talent Recruitment and Selection course. Keenly, the results of the study will emphasize games as an approach to learning non-computer science


Demand for electricity increases with economic development. At the same time, it is expected to provide the cleanest energy. This paper attempts to analyze the convergence of electricity consumption in European countries, reduce transmission losses and reduce the pollution associated with it - CO2. In the presented research European states were taken into account. All countries and individual European Union and non-EU unions were analyzed. The study used descriptive statistics and B-Convergence analysis. The aim of the study was to compare changes in these variables in the EU Member States and non-affiliated countries. The results indicate in general terms the convergence of both energy consumption and CO2 emissions reduction. Specific studies indicate that non-EU countries have no convergence in terms of energy consumption and reduction in transmission losses. The only significant convergence of CO2 emissions concerns. This may be due to financial constraints that inhibit the efficiency of the tested energy systems.


Studies of molecular motion can be used to probe intermolecular potentials and lead towards an understanding of the phase transitions of two hydrogen-bonded, carboxylic acid–pyridyl complexes.


Abstract This paper proposes a hybrid approach based on a combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) for one-day-ahead hourly photovoltaic (PV) power generation prediction in microgrids. The increasing penetration of solar PV energy into electric power generation systems imposes important issues to address resulting from its intermittent and uncertain nature. These challenges necessitate an accurate PV power generation forecasting tool for planning efficient operation of power systems and to ensure reliability of supply. In this paper, a combination of PSO and ANFIS is used to develop a PV power prediction model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is tested based on practical information of PV power generation data of a real case study microgrid in Beijing. The proposed approach is compared with two other prediction methods. Evaluation of forecasting performance is made with the persistence forecasting method as a reference model, and results are compared with actual scenario. The proposed approach outperformed back propagation neural network and persistence based forecasting methods, demonstrating its favorable accuracy and reliability.


: Federal planners, in proposing the massive main stem Missouri River water developments in Montana and North Dakota, promised economic and social benefits to the local residents. Five main stem dams, Fort Peck, Garrison, Oahe, Big Bend and Fort Randall, were evaluated for community and rural development effectiveness. Thirty-seven development factors were examined and improvements noted. Only small differences were noted between areas with water developments and the control area. Further analysis revealed that water development benefits moved downstream and to existing urban areas. The Missouri River's rural areas and small communities were not developed significantly by the water projects. Several problems associated with water development policy were illustrated by the study. Cultural differences between planners and the population impacted were ignored. Second, the allocation of social costs was not considered and related to this, serious geographic maldistribution of benefits and costs resulted. The differences between pre-development promises and development performance was dramatic. While the large dams remain as landmarks to engineering prowess, the projects need to be evaluated for their success in meeting humanistic development objectives. Major redevelopment may be warranted by such an ex-post evaluation.


This text is a product of the research undertaken as part of the pedagogical approachesresearch program for the PhD in education and society of La Salle University, and isan enquiry as to how the memory and identity of a society is to be explained andrecovered. Establishing a dialogue between history, philosophy and psychology, wehave taken a qualitative, theoretical-textual narrative, psycho-historical approach,where certain concepts that may be applied to think about identity from a narrativeperspective, are used to reconstruct the history of a subject in relation to his socialenvironment. Thus, it was found that the best way to construct memory is to bearin mind the facts from the past, the day-to-day from the present and the horizon ofexpectations from the future. All this integrated in a narrative thread, which from psychohistoryperspective, makes possible an introspection that may lead to a culturalchange of mindset.


C I I E l C31 c L I 1 C53 C63 [71 C R I c " li C i O l c 1 1 1 c171 C131 c 1 4 1 [1!51 K i d 1 C 1 ' 1 3 C J R 3 L191 c7111 C ? l l [ ? ? I the maximum lower triangular code t(g*,B), normalized atomic vector a (=a* ) , and bond-atom symmetry GcB*) n @'). The function SETSELECT used by NORMALIZATION is given in the preceding paper.6 The principal arrays used in the programs are described in Table IV.


Some orientalists doubted the authenticity of Arabic grammar, followed by some Arab thinkers. In this article, I tried to show that the up-growth of Arabic grammar arose far from any foreign influence, whether this influence was direct from Indian culture or Greek culture, or indirectly through The impact of translations made by these two cultures at the hands of the Persians of the Syriacs, and I used in this matter the opinions of Arab and foreign thinkers who supported the emergence of Arabic grammar Under the auspices of the Arab-Islamic culture, such as: Muhammad Al-Tantawi, who acknowledged the originality of Arabic grammar. And Abdel-Fattah Al-Dajani, who refuted any Greek or Syriac influence on him. And Abed Al-Jabri, who tried to differentiate between the Aristotelian and Arabic categories. And Muhammad Khair Al-Halawani, who tried to respond to all those who claimed foreign influence on the Arabic grammar. Littmann, who showed that the Arabic grammar arose away from any for.


1. History and theory in practice 2. Precocious reformer: Hungary 3. Injustice: Poland 1948-1980 4. Poland: from solidarity to 1989 5. Hungary: property relations recast 6. Schumpeter by the Danube: from second economy to private sector 7. Action and reaction: institutional consequences of private sector expansion.


Recently, there has been considerable interest in organofluorine compounds which exhibit various properties such as biological activity, low surface energy, excellent chemical and thermal stability, low refractive index, and dielectric constants which cannot be achieved in the corresponding nonfluorinated compounds.1 Fluorinated organic peroxides are also expected to show different chemical reactivities from the corresponding nonfluorinated organic peroxides. In general, nonfluorinated organic peroxides have been classified according to their structure into hydroperoxides (ROOH), percarboxylic acid [RC(dO)OOH], dialkyl peroxides (ROOR), peroxy esters [RC(dO)OOR′], and diacyl peroxides [RC(dO)OO(Od)CR], and numerous reviews of the chemistry and applications of these peroxides have been published.2 Fluorinated organic peroxides can be similarly classified into dialkyl peroxides (RFOORF), percarboxylic acids [RFC(dO)OOH], hydroperoxides (RFOOH), peroxy esters [RFC(dO)OORF], and diacyl peroxides [RFC(dO)OOC(Od)CRF]. Fluorinated peroxides, in particular, reviews of fluorinated inorganic peroxides, were reported in 1974 and 1976 by Shreeve et al.3 However, because studies on fluorinated organic peroxides have been very limited compared with nonfluorinated organic peroxides there have been few reviews of their chemistry and applications except for our recent account of fluorinated organic peroxides4 and Rakhimov's recent review of fluorinated peroxides. The latter are prepared by using fluorinated aldehydes and ketones as the main starting materials.5 Fluorinated peroxides, especially, fluorinated alkanoyl peroxides, are expected to exhibit quite different decomposition behaviors from the corresponding nonfluorinated alkanoyl peroxides, owing to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of the fluoroalkyl groups. In fact, the presence of two strong electron-withdrawing groups in alkanoyl peroxides can greatly weaken the O-O bond in addition to lowering the energy level of the antibonding O-O bond compared to the corresponding nonfluorinated peroxides. These unique properties of fluorinated organic peroxides were applied to the introduction Hideo Sawada was born in Gunma, Japan, on February 9, 1956. He received his B.S. degree in 1978 from Gunma University and M.S. degree in 1980 from Tokyo Metropolitan University. He was associated with NOF Corporation from 1980 and received his Ph.D. degree in 1986 from Tokyo Metropolitan University. In 1993, he accepted a position as Associate Professor at Nara National College of Technology. His current research interests concern the decomposition behavior of fluorinated organic peroxides and the synthesis and properties of novel fluorinated compounds using fluorinated organic peroxides. He received the Progress Award of the Japan Oil Chemists' Society in 1992, the Award of the Japan Society of Colour Material in 1994, and the Award of the Japan Research Institute of Material Technology in 1996. 1779 Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 1779−1808


The first of a three-part series, Department of Transportation (DOT) in Crisis, this article considers the issue of rural roads in oil-heavy regions, and how the roads are suffering under the pressure of voluminous truck traffic that they were not designed to withstand. The author takes a look at how regions are facing this issue, as well as what measures are being taken to counteract the increasing damage to their road infrastructure. Nearly half of Texas state's 254 counties are considered oil regions, and this article investigates what the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is doing to maintain and expand its roads network. In addition to oil extraction, hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is also examined in terms of the toll it takes on roads. Pennsylvania and the measures taken by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT is also examined, as that state is not far behind Texas in terms of its rural road degradation.


Secondary air pollutants are formed through series of complex reactions occurred in the atmosphere under favorable meteorological conditions. Commonly known species are ozone and secondary aerosols, secondary inorganic and organic aerosols. Through its complexity, varieties of three dimensional (3D) photochemical dispersion models have been developed globally to simulate formations and dispersions of the secondary as well as the primary pollutants in the atmosphere. CMAQ and CAMx are the state of the science models under "one atmospheric approach", noncommercial and open-source software. These characteristics are attracted and challenged for future air quality management via model simulations. Applications of CMAQ and CAMx are normally based on several steps: preparation of emission input, modeling set-up and model performance evaluation. This article presents the systematic procedures involved with the use of 3D photochemical models starting from theoretical principles for formation of secondary air pollutants, types of photochemical models and its associated physical and chemical modules, input data preparation including reviews on available emission inventories and lastly statistical methods for model performance evaluation.


A suspended anemometer system for calibrating pitot-static systems on low speed research airplanes is described. The anemometer measures true airspeed when suspended beneath the airplane on a long cable in regions of undisturbed air. The electrical output of the propeller driven tachometer is a sine wave, the frequency of which is proportional to true airspeed. The anemometer measures true airspeed over a range from 20 to 60 m/sec at altitudes to 3000 m, with an accuracy of + or - 0.5 percent of full scale range. This accuracy is exclusive of errors in the recording system. The stability of the suspended system was investigated and was found adequate in the airspeed range. For the purpose of determining the location of the anemometer relative to the airplane, a method is given for calculating the shape assumed by the deployed cable.


The invention relates to a method of initializing a remote-reading device intended to be hooked up to a meter (C). The remote-reading device and the meter each exhibit a visible identifying marking (IC, IB). When the remote-reading device is fitted, - a photograph of the meter and of the remote-reading device is taken so that the markings of one and the other are visible therein with the value displayed by the mechanical totalizer (TM) of the meter, - a shape recognition processing (OCR) is implemented on the photograph. A shape recognition processing (OCR) is implemented on the photograph, and - these various items of information are stored in a data base (6).


We present a case of leiomyosarcoma of the cervix. Leiomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix presenting as cervical polyp are known to occur. Sarcomas are extremely rare, incidence being 0.5%.1, 2 Only 30 cases have been described in literature. Leiomyosarcoma of the Uterine Cervix


Under marketing conditions, the key factor for an enterprise to succeed is its incentive mechanism. An enterprise should take effective means to stimulate its staffs in accordance of their needs and performances. That's the only way to benefit both management and its staffs.


The utility model discloses a water purifier with a water characteristic detection device. The water purifier comprises a filtering device for filtering water, wherein a water path is arranged in the filtering device. The water purifier is characterized by further comprising a water characteristic detection device, a control device and a remote control interface, wherein the water characteristic detection device is arranged on the water path and is electrically connected with the control device; the control device is further connected with a remote control interface; the water characteristic detection device is used for detecting the water characteristic information of the water path and further transmitting the water characteristic information to the control device; the water characteristic information is stored or treated by the control device, and is finally transmitted out through the remote control interface. Due to additional arrangement of the water characteristic detection device and the remote control interface, the water purifier can be remotely monitored and managed, a factory and a user can manage the water purifier together, the user can understand the water quality situation of the water purifier in real time, the problem that a water purification filter element is replaced in advance or too late is avoided, the water leakage protection on the water purifier can be also achieved, and moreover the water purifier is simple and reasonable in structure and easy to realize.


Based on the improved water quality index method,the water quality of courtyard-rainwater harvesting project in Yuzhong and Tongwei of Gansu Province was evaluated.The results have showen that the water quality of courtyard-rainwater harvesting project were good and attained the national third degree standard of 《quality standard for the surface water environment》(GB3838-2002),which can satisfied the drink and water requirements for the peoples and animals.


The presence of hydrogen in electroslag weld metal is known to produce effects such as the micro-cracking in the weld metal along proeutectoid ferrite veins. The present work investigated the relationship of the atmospheric humidity, the diffusible hydrogen, the alloying elements, the microstructure, and the cracking behavior of the weld metal. The weld metal was obtained by butt-joining A36 plates using a consumable guide electroslag-single electrode process with Arcos BV flux. The composition of the weld metal was varied in the low alloy content ranges by welding with one of seven commercially available electrodes. The humidity above the weld was monitored and kept constant at two different levels representative of an extremely humid, and a normal ambient atmosphere. Usually higher hydrogen contents were found at the bottom of the welds (2-12 cmVlOOg) compared to the rest of the weld (1.7-4.4 cm/100g). An increase of 50% of moisture content in the atmospheric humidity yielded a 40% increase in the average diffusible hydrogen (from 2.8 to 3.9 cm/100g). The number of cracks, their total length and average length for each weld were measured. These were related to the weld metal hydrogen content and chemical composition, using a multilinear regression analysis. Due to the 40% increase in diffusible hydrogen content, the average number of cracks per weld was increased by a factor of ~ 3.5 while the average crack length was increased by a factor of 1.4 (from 3.9 to 5.5 mm or 0.15 to 0.22 in.). As expected, electrodes containing higher Cr, Mo, Mn, C or Ni contents yielded a refined microstructure with smaller proeutectoid ferrite grains as compared to the ones obtained with the rest of the wires. Microstructures showing no proeutectoid ferrite veins cracked along the prior austenite grain boundary. Carbon and H2 enhanced both the nucleation and the propagation stages of cracking. Sulfur in the form of manganese sulfide inclusions played the role of a hydrogen sink and, therefore, increased the number of cracks but decreased their average length. Titanium at very low contents decreased the number of cracks and at the same time increased their average length. Elements such as Cr and Ni up to a maximum of 0.5 and 2%, respectively, were found to reduce the length of hydrogen cracks whereas Si and Cr acting as ferrite hardeners were clearly detrimental as far as crack length was concerned. Molybdenum and manganese showed mild effects on the propagation stage and should be considered, in order to achieve mechanical property requirements, only after maximum levels of Cr and Ni are reached.


An adhesive base on polyvinyl formal,with high viscosity substance and filled to improve its properties.The adhesive have good adhesive strength and low cost.Then,some of reaction condition to polyvinyl alcohol and formaldehyde was discussed.