Workflows can aggregate the operational instructions of managed processes into a 'high level' view, at the strategic level of understanding and appreciation.


The invention discloses a method for restoring uranium-contaminated soil by utilizing gemina spr. The method comprises the following steps of: thining and leveling uranium-contaminated soil the pollution concentration of which is 25-125 mgUkg , and bedding with the width of 1.4m and the height of 0.1m; applying 2500-3000kg of decomposed people and animal manure per 667m as a basal fertilizer; seeding in April, wherein the sprouting density is 80 strains m or so; adding the fertilizer when the height of the gemina spr seedlings is 10 cm or so, applying 750-1000kg of decomposed people and animal manure per 667 m , adding 2000-3000 kg of water to deliquate, and pouring the root of the gemina spr; and pulling up the gemina spr by the roots from the contaminated soil and moving away for centralized processing when the plant height of the gemina spr is 50 cm. The method is repeated every year, and the soil uranium content is notably reduced. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the operation is simple, the management is convenient, the cost is low, and a restoring effect is good.


Several proposals have been recently introduced to implement Quantum Machine Learning (QML) algorithms for the analysis of classical data sets employing variational learning means. There has been, however, a limited amount of work on the characterization and analysis of quantum data by means of these techniques, so far. This work focuses on one such ambitious goal, namely the potential implementation of quantum algorithms allowing to properly classify quantum states defined over a single register of $n$ qubits, based on their degree of entanglement. This is a notoriously hard task to be performed on classical hardware, due to the exponential scaling of the corresponding Hilbert space as 2n. We exploit the notion of "entanglement witness", i.e., an operator whose expectation values allow to identify certain specific states as entangled. More in detail, we made use of Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) in order to successfully learn how to reproduce the action of an entanglement witness. This work may pave the way to an efficient combination of QML algorithms and quantum information protocols, possibly outperforming classical approaches to analyse quantum data. All these topics are discussed and properly demonstrated through a simulation of the related quantum circuit model.


The invention discloses a hardware function test box for a hybrid vehicle controller. The test box is characterized by comprising a switching signal generation module, a stimulation signal generation module, a pulse signal generation module, a CAN (controller area network) communication module, a stimulation load module and a power module, wherein the power module is connected with the switching signal generation module, the stimulation signal generation module and the pulse signal generation module; and the CAN communication module is connected with a PC (personal computer). The test box has a simple structure, can determine whether the hardware circuit of an HCU (hydraulic control unit) is reasonably designed or not, and provides a platform capable of completely stimulating work conditions for the HCU, thus environmental test is ensured to be more practical.


In this paper a suited phase space transformation equation will be presented, which describes the imaging properties of an electrostatic lens with spherical aberration. Based on this equation, the behaviour of a parallel beam and the evolution of its emittance in the field-free region following the lens will be analysed. It will also be shown how to calculate the root mean square (r.m.s.) emittance and how it is related to the coefficient of spherical aberration


This study aims to investigate the impact of green corporate identity and employees' green identification on green business performance of international automobile manufacturers in Thailand. It involves 400 employees from the target study area, using questionnaires to collect data from January to February 2021, with purposive and convenient sampling methods. Data analysis employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that green corporate identity has a significant impact on employees' green personal-social identification and green business performance; meanwhile, employees' green social identification has a significant impact on green business performance. However, employees' green personal identification has a significant impact on green business performance only through employees' green social identification. Green corporate identity can increase the corporate' green business performance via economic, environmental and social aspects through employees' green personal-social identification. The findings suggest that green corporate communication through visual identity, employee behaviors, culture, policy products and services in response to environmental forces and drivers to create the green corporate identity is deemed to systematically work. Furthermore, the findings also suggest that employees' green identification on both personal and social levels can be a significant issue that the managers in automobile manufacturers should pay attention as well.


In this paper I consider recent attempts to establish that the geometry of visual experience is a spherical geometry. These attempts, offered by Gideon Yaffe, James van Cleve and Gordon Belot, follow Thomas Reid in arguing for an equivalency of a geometry of 'visibles' and spherical geometry. I argue that although the proposed equivalency is successfully established by the strongest form of the argument, this does not warrant any conclusion about the geometry of visual experience. I argue, firstly, that the resistance of this contemporary argument to empirical considerations counts against its plausibility. Moreover, I argue that the contemporary approach provides no compelling reason for supposing that the geometry offered as the geometry of 'visibles' is the correct geometrical description of visual experience. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.


The efficiency of the free market system in allocating resources and in regulating itself has become a received doctrine in practically all capitalist nations. But the recent global financial crisis and the resultant government interventions to salvage the economies of many nations have generated much debate on the continued relevance of the free market and the wisdom of government 'intrusion'. This paper revisits the free market as propagated by Adam Smith and examines the role of government in present day circumstances. Drawing from the African experience, the paper concludes that the free market system and government involvement in the economy can complement each other provided there is the capacity for determining the appropriate mix that would deliver the maximum good to society. Keywords: Economy, Management, Crisis, Liberalism, Free Market


The conclusive piece of work for the Masters Degree is the completion of a didactic proposal centred on non-verbal communication which is designed for students of Spanish as a modern foreign language of level A1 in an intercultural classroom setting.
Traditionally, non-verbal communication had been relegated to second place within the field of language teaching. However, this form of communication is as important as verbal communication and should be part of the process of learning and teaching languages and treated in the same way as both the grammatical and lexical elements. After all, it is part of the culture of a country. Moreover, it is considered necessary to introduce non-verbal communication into the curriculum as content worthy of study. Furthermore, in the case of level A1 students, it is especially relevant to introduce this mode of communication as during this stage of learning the student encounters numerous difficulties in communication due to his limited knowledge of the new language and his lack of verbal fluency.
This work stems from a conceptual framework which defines non verbal communication, analyses its systems and meaning as per the Common European Framework of Reference. Likewise, the importance of non verbal communication in Level A1 students is noted and furthermore the importance of the concept of interculturalism and student characteristics is referred to within the role of the teacher. Finally, an analysis is made on the presence of non verbal communication in the teaching manuals of Spanish as a modern foreign language.


Assessing cardiovascular (CV) risk represents a challenge for clinicians because more variables can impact CV risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of CV risk after 5 years of biological treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and impact of prolonged low disease activity on 5 different CV risk algorithms.


Abstract Organelle DNA from 11 populations of the marine red alga Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss or similar species, and one population of G. sordida W. Nelson as an outlier, was digested with five restriction endonucleases. Visual inspection, parsimonious tree construction and UPGMA cluster analyses of the resultant banding patterns revealed a G. verrucosa core group composed of strains from Wales, Norway, France, Argentina and Japan, with closely similar if not always identical profiles. A second well-defined group, containing two strains from England and a second one from France, was determined to belong to the related genus Gracilariopsis. Two populations, from Brazil and North Carolina, USA, consistently formed a third group in numerical analyses, but visual differences in their profiles and the UPGMA distances between them were sufficient to indicate that they represented different species. Finally, a population from British Columbia, Canada, confirmed a posteriori as being G. pacifica Abbo...


FOR the effective control of virus diseases a diagnosis should be established with a minimum of delay. The clinical signs of several virus diseases are pathognomonic and in view of the expense of diagnostic virology, laboratory confirmation may be considered unnecessary. There are occasions, however, when the clinician may wish to confirm his diagnosis either because of the economic importance of the disease or because he is unable to establish an unequivocal diagnosis. Routine diagnostic virology is a relatively young laboratory discipline and many clinicians have received little formal education on the subject; understandably, they are uncertain of the range of diagnostic procedures available, and more importantly what is expected of them when they seek the assistance of a virology laboratory.


The publication of Martin Heidegger´s "Black Notebooks" has created quite a stir among scholars and an extraordinary media response. After the "Black Notebooks", reading Heidegger requires to take into consideration a whole new dimension in his writings. Yet the philosophical and academic debate about what these texts entail for the evaluation of Heidegger´s philosophy has only just begun. It has frequently been noticed that Jewish philosophers met Heidegger´s work with great empathy. Was there a special closeness here, an affinity even? The "Black Notebooks" show that in a certain phase in the development of Heidegger´s thinking antisemitic ideas besiege the "history of being". The "Protocols of the Elders of Zion," the primary source of modern and postmodern anti-Semitism, seem to play an important role in this. In his study, Peter Trawny explores the significance this philosophical oath of manifestation has for Heidegger's thinking in its entirety. This third edition is enhanced by a chapter "Annihilation and Self-Destruction" on the apocalyptic reduction of history in the "Black Notebooks". It also includes a chapter on the relationship between Heidegger and Husserl, which had been added for the second edition.


Reproducible switching between single-modes spectrally separated by ~1.5 cm -1 with two-segment quantum-cascade lasers is reported. Using this concept quasi-continuous tuning over 9 cm -1 with side mode suppression ratios up to 23 dB is demonstrated.


With the genesis of speech understanding systems, computational linguistics research is becoming less wedded to teletype-based interaction. It would therefore be wise to look for systematic ways in which the discourse structure of voice interaction differs from teletype interaction. Such discoveries could lead to substantially different discourse components for speech understanding systems.Rubin (1980) points out that language experiences should not simply be characterized as oral or written. Rather, there is a set of dimensions along which language experiences such as having a conversation and writing/reading a letter might differ, including: the ability to interact, the sharing of space and time between speaker and hearer, the concreteness of referents, and the use of voice or print.Following Rubin's taxonomy, and influenced by Chapanis et al.'s [1977] communication mode study and Grosz' [1977] task-oriented dialogue work, we conducted a study to explore how the structure of an instruction-giving discourse depends on the communication situation in which it takes place. Twenty-five subjects were videotaped as they instructed twenty-five others in assembling a toy water pump. Five "dialogues" each took place face-to-face, via telephone, teletype, audiotape, and written text. We chose to analyze telephone and teletype dialogues first since results would have direct implications for the design of speech understanding and production systems.Preliminary results indicate that the structure of telephone dialogues is markedly different from that of teletype dialogues. In telephone mode, speakers frequently, explicitly, and often indirectly, request hearers to identify the referents of noun phrases. For example, utterances used indirectly to perform such requests include "there is a NP" and "the NP?". In contrast, teletype "speakers" rarely accomplish the goal of referring in a separate step. Instead, the goals of referring and requesting an assembly action are achieved with one utterance, usually an imperative such as "Insert the green plunger into the large tube with threads on one end".As for computational implications, we are led to conclude that, within the framework of a plan-based theory of speech acts (Perrault and Allen [1980]), referent identification should be treated as a planned action by language production and comprehension systems. That is, by planning to facilitate the healer's plan, producers should design their noun phrases so that hearers can identify the referents. Conversely, comprehenders should reason about what the producer intended to be done with the uttered NP -- find its referent, supply a co-referring NP. etc. Our goal, then is to develop production and comprehension systems capable of reasoning about reference.


Recently, the Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) system has been growing with many promising features in technology and applications fields. Especially, a lot of efforts for the application of RFID system in the field of logistics management have been conducted. In addition, in logistics section of steel industry a remarkable efficiency can be attained by application of the RFID system. However, in the RFID system applied for the steel industry, lots of problems were found to be solved in recognition of the tags and antennas. This paper presents the feasibility of deploying RFID in the steel industry as a tool for reduction of the production cost. An application of the steel industry to RFID-based tracking management system was proposed. The results of this paper showed that the recognition rate of material input and output was found 100 percent and secured 99 percent of detection rate in the location. In conclusion, the proposed RFID-based tracking management system was approved superior to the existing system in terms of productivity.


Based on the requirements of national characteristic specialty construction point,and connecting with the features of water conservancy and hydropower project,this paper probes into the planning and construction of characteristic specialties and the cultivation of research-application-oriented talents in water conservancy and hydropower project of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power from aspects of the market positioning,cultivation targets,teaching plans,curriculum,and the construction of teaching materials and courseware,etc.


The production of U{sup 232} by the sum of {alpha},4n and {alpha},p 3n reactions on thorium has been studied. The cross section at an average energy of 37.5 Mev was 0.013 barns and the threshold for the reaction was about 30 Mev.


The main environmental problems comprise two main directions: air and water. Water treatment plant is a critical infrastructure, especially in large cities. The activated sludge process is a typical example of highly nonlinear system. The associated models found in literature are mainly analytical and complex. In this paper there are proposed data-driven models obtained from plant operation data. A factor reduction procedure, namely principal component analysis is used to find meaningful correlations between process measurements. The selected correlations are obtained via simple and multiple regression algorithm. The resulted models are specific to the studied plant, simpler than the analytical ones, and with sufficient accuracy if used in plant monitoring and operation. The proposed procedure of using data-driven models for inferential measuring decreases the analysis costs (even eliminating the necessity of measuring equipment). If the experience in operating the plant is used to predict parameter trends this procedure can provide a useful tool for developing a decision support system for the plant operator. A real time prediction module associated with a warning system can be applied for every active sludge process, having as condition the availability of plant operating data.


The articles in this issue concern a number of associated issues which have been regarded as marginal by top-down accountability regimes and the kind of 'improvement' they promote. Centrally, they concern the establishment of cultures which promote rather than stifle creativity and innovation, and the conditions under which this can take place and professionals can truly listen to young people and their families. John M Davis of Edinburgh University, Scotland, has been working with research teams in several European countries and regions to examine organizational conditions that support creativity and innovation. The article mediates skilfully between Professor Davis's longstanding involvement in childhood studies and organizational and policy matters. The data point away from individualistic conceptions of creativity to examine how it depends upon having the right kind of context, and, like earlier studies, places important question marks over restrictive performativity regimes. Standardized approaches to children's services, he argues, stifle initiative among staff and have 'failed to enable service users to define what a service's outcomes should be'. In particular, in top-down 'command and control' structures, it becomes impossible to establish dialogue between key workers, children, families and other professionals. The issues raised by this article are particularly important once we recognize the diversity of children and families in contemporary societies. In parallel to this study, Divya Jindal-Snape, Dundee, Scotland and Dan Davies, Bath Spa, England, have produced a systematic literature review concerning creative environments for learning. They examine what school conditions best promote creative skills development. Among the aspects they identify we find play, pedagogies involving tasks and problem-solving, and more open-ended investigations in science. Play-rich environments lead to more originality in open tasks and better communications. A crucial and often neglected issue is referred to as 'possibility thinking', the recognition that things can be different, that particular events are not inevitable, that the world can be changed. Some of the research they discuss demonstrates that creative approaches are also valid in areas of deprivation, contrary to much-cited studies which show that students in these areas tend to receive less creative teaching. The notion of 'student voice' has been seen as a benign and gentle means to help democratize schools and make them more humane environments. However, Carol Robinson and Carol Taylor, from Brighton and Sheffield Hallam Universities, England, subject this to critical scrutiny, not from negative motives but to insist that barriers of power imbalance cannot be skirted over. They examine the overt and tacit power dimensions behind 'students as researchers' as a specific form of student voice. The questions they raise involve the parameters within which students choose their research issue, the relative power dynamics involving teachers and university researchers, and how the findings are acted upon. Their study draws upon, and develops, theories of power and participation from Foucault, Bourdieu, Hart and others. As they express it, 'power conditions what is possible in Students as Researchers work' and 'Student voices may be co-opted by dominant school agendas.' Their insightful conclusion is that schools cannot be democratized by the back door. 480417 IMP16110.1177/1365480213480417Improving SchoolsImproving Schools 2013


the study results can be extrapolated to the eating habits and patterns of humans, and the deleterious effects that timing can have on metabolism and energy balance. Circadian disruption is associated with metabolic disease, including obesity and diabetes. 6 In this context, time-restricted eating can be considered a form of circadian medicine, wherein timed application of intervention (in this case energy intake) can be used to target and exploit the circadian clock. 7 The quote by Hippocrates, "Let food by thy medicine and medicine by thy food," is often cited to emphasize the powerful impact of nutrition on health. Increasingly understood is the extent to which the timing of energy intake may be important for delaying metabolic disease and its progression. This study underscores that even the timing of snacks with sufficient calories to alter insulin secretion and blood glucose may be important for maintaining energy balance in the long term.


Jacobsen syndrome (JBS, OMIM 147791) is a contiguous gene syndrome caused by a terminal deletion of 11q (for review see Mattina et al., 2009). The deletion size varies between 5 and20Mb and the proximal breakpoint is localizedwithin or distal to 11q23.3. The spectrumof clinical symptoms is variable. Typical clinical signs include developmental delay (DD), preand postnatal growth retardation, thrombocytoor pancytopenia, cardiac defects, trigonocephaly and dysmorphic facies with hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, short nose with broad nasal bridge and anteverted nares, thin upper lip vermillion, V-shaped mouth, and low-set malformed ears [Grossfeld et al., 2004]. In contrast, the phenotype of a terminal duplication 16q is variable with many different and unspecific abnormalities, including intellectual disability (ID), growth retardation, CHD, gastrointestinal defects, and inconsistent facial dysmorphism [Maher et al., 1991; Savary et al., 1991; Schinzel, 2001]. We describe a 2-year-old boy with unilateral ocular coloboma and mild muscular hypotonia, who was found to have a 2.2Mb deletion of 11q25-qter and a 15.7Mb terminal duplication of 16q22.3-qter. The patient is the first child of nonconsanguineous, healthy parents. Previously, the mother had one miscarriage after 8 weeks. The child was born spontaneously following an uncomplicated pregnancy after 39 weeks of gestation with normal birth parameters (weight 3,030 g, length 54 cm, both 10th–25th centile; OFC 35 cm, 25th–50th centile). Mild muscular hypotonia and a unilateral inferior iris coloboma involving the retina and optic nerve were noted soon after birth. Cranial and renal ultrasound, echocardiogram, ultrasound examination of the hip, and hearing screening were normal. The child's development was evaluated by basic neurological examination of the key social, motor, and language skills after birth, in the first week of life and at the age of 1, 3, 6, and 12month and 2 years by a pediatrician andnoobvious developmental delay was found. On clinical examination in our genetic clinic at an age of 6 months his weight (6,400 g, 3rd–10th centile), length (65 cm, 3rd centile), and OFC (43 cm, 10th–25th centile) were within the normal range. Apart from the iris coloboma, no other anomalies, or dysmorphic features were noted. On follow up examination at the age of 18months, themild hypotonia had ameliorated after physiotherapy and the child was able to walk without support. Figure 1 shows the boy at 19months of age. At this age he had a high forehead and low-set ears but no other dysmorphic signs. At the age of 2 years the child still had normal psychomotor development and growth parameters corresponding to the 25–50th centile (height 89 cm, weight 12 kg, head circumference 49 cm). However, by that time comprehensive developmental assessment to detect subtle developmental delay has not been performed. On repeated examinations no clinical signs for platelet dysfunction were observed. GTG-banded chromosome analysis showed a derivative chromosome 11 (Fig. 2) resulting from an unbalanced translocation: 46,XY,der(11)t(11;16)(q25;q2?3) in all 28 metaphases examined. Maternal chromosomeswere normal. The proband's father showed a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 11 and 16: 46,XY,t(11;16)(q25;q2?3). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with probes from 11q25 (PAC1064E20, coordinate 130,960,053-131,065,134 bp) and 16q24.3 (PAC240G10, coordinate 88,434,421–88,552,724 bp) together with painting


✓ Because a history of shaking is often lacking in the so-called "shaken baby syndrome," diagnosis is usually based on a constellation of clinical and radiographic findings. Forty-eight cases of infants and young children with this diagnosis seen between 1978 and 1985 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were reviewed. All patients had a presenting history thought to be suspicious for child abuse, and either retinal hemorrhages with subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhages or a computerized tomography scan showing subdural or subarachnoid hemorrhages with interhemispheric blood. The physical examination and presence of associated trauma were analyzed; autopsy findings for the 13 fatalities were reviewed. All fatal cases had signs of blunt impact to the head, although in more than half of them these findings were noted only at autopsy. All deaths were associated with uncontrollably increased intracranial pressure. Models of 1-month-old infants with various neck and skull parameters were instrumented with...


Having clean water is a problem throughout the whole world. The purpose of this paper is to test different amounts and concentrations of collagen dispersions in turbid water and use different methods to see which is more efficient in cleaning the water. We studied two different experiments, one using a shake and settle method and one using a refrigerated centrifuge. We found that the refrigerated centrifuge produced lower NTU values than the shake and settle method. This conclusion means that the refrigerated centrifuge cleaned the turbid water more effectively than shaking a sample cell and letting it settle on its own.


The photoreaction of η3-allylpalladium complexes was studied by means of chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP). Strong polarizations for the protons of 1,5-dienes were observed during photolysis; the addition of organic halides and triphenylphosphine to the reaction mixture led to the formation of polarized alkylated olefins. The origin of these polarizations is discussed and reaction schemes are proposed.


Statistics obtained from a national sample of visits to organized family planning clinics are presented for women under age 20 years. Patients are described in terms of social and demographic characteristics in relation to pregnancy history, contraceptive use before and after the visit, and types of medical services received. A comparison of the pregnancy history and contraceptive use of teenage women with that of women age 20 years and over is also presented.


Abstract Collective investors play an extremely important role in the financial system of the state and in the economy. They operate in the financial market as institutions that enable households and businesses to convert savings into investments. Investment funds are the most conventional institutions which are dealing with financial intermediation. The main purpose of the submitted paper is to characterise the essence of investment funds operation in the role as financial intermediaries, to present the investment strategies and to characterise the methodology for measuring the effectiveness of capital management entrusted by the clients. The author has formulated a research hypothesis, according to which, the strategies of capital location policy used by the investment funds have an impact on the level of their performance, while funds holding higher risk portfolios perform better compared to the funds using passive investment strategies


Wiltshire bacon, cured in pickles of various compositions, was smoked after various maturation periods, and compared with corresponding unsmoked samples during subsequent storage at −9.4 °C. Curing practices designed to obtain milder cures were only partly successful, but in all instances it appears that smoking improves the keeping quality.Smoking reduced the number of surface bacteria to approximately 10−4 times the number present before smoking, and effectively retarded growth during storage. The fat of the smoked bacon was much more resistant to the development of rancidity than that of unsmoked bacon. The colour of smoked bacon was significantly lighter than the unsmoked material, and tended to darken more rapidly during storage. Flavour was superior in the smoked samples. From the reduction in bacterial numbers, rate of bacterial growth, and rate of rancidity development, it would appear on the average that smoked bacon would keep about twice as long as unsmoked bacon under comparable conditions.


It is well known that we communicate more with non-verbal means than verbal ones. It is also true that, when we communicate using paper and pencil, we use not only words and text but also use marks, symbols, and other non-verbal information such as arrangement and color. The paper proposes an approach to electronic communication which allows verbal and non-verbal (or analogue) messages. ZK (Zeichenblock) allows us to exchange analogue messages in a network-transparent fashion. Its potential importance is demonstrated with applications such as an analogue questionnaire and concept representation. These analogue data, represented as ZK-scripts, are effectively distributed by a "word-of-mouth" mechanism.


Objective:To observe euphorbia fischeriana plyosaccharide(EFP-AW1) regulate the effect of immunologic function in S180 tumor-bearing mice.Method: Fifty male institute of lancer research(ICR) mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group,model group,EFP-AW1 group,CTX group,EFP-AW1 and CTX group.The mice were grouped and treated for 10 days by EFP-AW1.The splenocyte proliferation was measured by MTT in order to assess the effects on the immune activity by EFP-AW1;transforming growth factor(TGF-β1) determination by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA);CD4+T,CD8+T tumor detected by flow cytometry in peripheral blood.Result: EFP-AW1 could significantly enhance ConA/LPS-induced T lymphocyte proliferation,and reduce TGF-β1 secretion,and increase the number of CD8+T lymphocytes in peripheral blood.Conclusion: EFP-AW1 can enhance immune response function in S180 tumor-bearing mice,inhibit tumor cell in vivo metastasis and recurrence.


In this paper, a method to build models to monitor and evaluate the health status of wind turbines using Single-hidden Layer Feedforward Neural networks (SLFN) is presented. The models are trained using the Extreme Learning Machines (ELM) strategy. The data used is obtained from the SCADA systems, easily available in modern wind turbines. The ELM technique requires very low computational costs for the training of the models, and thus allows for the integration of a grid-search approach with parallelized instances to find out the optimal model parameters. These models can be built both individually, considering the turbines separately, or as an aggregate for the whole wind plant. The followed strategy consists in predicting a target variable using the rest of the variables of the system/subsystem, computing the error deviation from the real target variable and finally comparing high error values with a selection of alarm events for that system, therefore validating the performance of the model. The experimental results indicate that this methodology leads to the detection of mismatches in the stages of the system's failure, thus making it possible to schedule the maintenance operation before a critical failure occurs. The simplicity of the ELM systems and the ease with which the parameters can be adjusted make it a realistic option to be implemented in wind turbine models to work in real time.


With the development of computer network technology,the digitalized process of university libraries has become faster.At the same time,the network in libraries confronts great safety risk due to the spreading of virus.Therefore,several safety measures are put forward,such as setting up VLAN、fixing MAC ADDRESS and controlling port net access,etc.


Verification techniques play an essential role in detecting undesirable behaviors in many applications like spectrum auctions. By verifying an auction design, one can detect the least favorable outcomes, e.g., the lowest revenue of an auctioneer. However, verification may be infeasible in practice, given the vast size of the state space on the one hand and the large number of properties to be verified on the other hand. To overcome this challenge, we leverage machine-learning techniques. In particular, we create a dataset by verifying properties of a spectrum auction first. Second, we use this dataset to analyze and predict outcomes of the auction and characteristics of the verification procedure. To evaluate the usefulness of machine learning in the given scenario, we consider prediction quality and feature importance. In our experiments, we observe that prediction models can capture relationships in our dataset well, though one needs to be careful to obtain a representative and sufficiently large training dataset. While the focus of this article is on a specific verification scenario, our analysis approach is general and can be adapted to other domains.


Quantitative investment methods use mathematical models to estimate the price trends of financial assets based on their historical movements and to accurately choose the best time to trade, enhancing returns and their stability. In this paper, we construct quantitative investment models and strategies and practice them in a five-year portfolio of cash, gold and bitcoin, achieving considerable returns. To form a complete investment strategy, two main models are required, namely, one to forecast prices of gold and bitcoin, and one to decide on specific trading operations. To forecast prices, ARIMA-GARCH models group is firstly built. In the method of price forecasting using time series analysis, the ARIMA time series model can grasp the dynamic pattern and trend of prices. However, according to the empirical data, it is found that it is difficult to reflect the price volatility characteristics using ARIMA model forecasting. Therefore, we consider the conditional heteroskedasticity GARCH model to reflect the volatility of the time series in practice. In this section, we use the data given in the topic to construct a hybrid model ARIMA (4,1,4)-GARCH (1,1) by combining the ARIMA model with the GARCH model to forecast the price of gold and the price of bitcoin. After forecasting of the future prices of gold and bitcoin, we apply a dynamic program model to design the specific daily investment strategies based on the prediction. We divide the investment strategies into whether to trade a certain asset and how much to trade. In the specific discussion of each case, we introduce qualifying conditions from the perspective of risk and trading rules, and determine the amount of trading by solving the objective function under the qualifying conditions to form a complete investment strategy. Setting a 10% cap on our gold position and a 90% cap on our bitcoin position without changing transaction fees, our portfolio ends up at $37370.91 after 5 years, with an ideal ROI of 3637.09%, an IRR of 205.19%. For complementary, we conduct sensitivity analysis. To study the impact of transaction costs on total returns, we change the transaction costs of gold and bitcoin 1% at a time simultaneously and calculate the change in expected returns, while using two models, the normalized coefficient method and the shapley value decomposition method, to determine the sensitivity of the transaction costs of both to total returns. It is finally shown that the higher the transaction cost, the lower the return; bitcoin's transaction cost is more sensitive and contributes more. At the end of the paper, we present evidence that our model provides a better strategy by proving the ARIMA-GARCH model has the ability to forecast prices more accurately.


factor, so the ratio stays the same. Thus det A2/det A = x2, AND THAT IS CRAMER'S RULE. Obviously this same idea gives us Cramer's rule also in three or more dimensions; we simply replace the parallelogram on the left by parallelepipeds with x as one edge. These figures give a clear picture of why Cramer's rule is true, though of course they do not prove the rule. (For one thing, oriented areas would be necessary, to allow negative determinants.) There do exist rigorous algebraic proofs along similar lines, using exterior algebra [2, 3] or matrix products [5]. But these algebraic treatments fail to mention the geometric interpretation, which in fact I have been unable to find in print anywhere. (There is a 1929 article [1] that interprets the numerator and denominator in Cramer's rule as areas, but it uses a somewhat complicated proof that never introduces the linear transformation L.) I would hardly venture to claim that this way of visualising Cramer's rule is really new, but at least I can safely say that it is not so well known as it should be.


Point mutations in FUS cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating neurodegenerative disease—but do they do that by a loss of the protein's normal function, or by endowing it with novel toxic functions, or both? In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Scekic‐Zahirovic et al ( ) report that mutant FUS, but not the complete loss of FUS, triggers motor neuron degeneration in mice, arguing for a toxic gain‐of‐function mechanism.


Abstract The high number of patient falls occurring within acute care hospitals throughout the United States has led to increased patient impairment and contributed to rising healthcare costs. The Morse Fall Risk Scale is a commonly used assessment tool for prediction of a patient's potential for experiencing a fall while in a healthcare facility. This retrospective study reviewed the use of the Morse Fall Risk Scale in a 300+ bed acute care hospital setting to determine adequacy for patient fall predictions over a four-month period. Use of multivariate regressions and Chi-Square test statistics revealed the Morse Fall Risk Scale was a predictor of patients' fall risk in this setting with other significant predictors of fall risk potential including male gender and diagnosis (neurologic, cardiac, general medical/surgical conditions). Patients experiencing a fall had a statistically significant longer hospital stay. Occupational therapy practitioners play an important role on the interdisciplinary team by providing a comprehensive fall assessment, developing fall prevention programs, and providing discharge recommendations.


Use of intra-body propagation signals has been proposed for biometric authentication. However, verification performance of the conventional method is low. To overcome this limitation, this study introduces the support vector machine (SVM) into the verification process, which improves the verification rate to approximately 83%. However, the correct acceptance rate of genuine users using only SVM is 49%, which is too low for practical applications. Thus, we introduce the concept of one versus one (1vs1) SVM. Each 1vs1 SVM distinguishes a genuine (authorised) user from another (unauthorised) user. Verification is achieved on the basis of a majority rule using plural 1vs1 SVMs related to a genuine user. The correct acceptance rate is greatly improved to 84% while maintaining equivalent verification performance. As a result, it is further confirmed that an intra-body propagation signal is a potential new biometric trait.


This article discusses the many reports on neurologic and psychiatric diseases that have been published in the Journal and the impact they have had on the field.


We study the propagation and diffusion of electric charge fluctuations in the Bjorken hydrodynamic model with both white and Catteneo noise using purely numerical methods. We show that a global lattice of noise fluctuations is required to fully calculate the two-point correlators of charge. We solve the stochastic differential equations that arise from the charge conservation equation on the lattice. We explicitly identify the self-correlation term in the case of Catteneo noise and provide a physical interpretation. We provide a numerical recipe to remove this contribution from the full two-point correlators. Finally, we calculate the balance functions for charged hadrons. By limiting the speed of signal propagation, we observe the expected narrowing of the balance functions after removing the self-correlations.


Lamb waves have been used for damage detection in plates by measuring what amounts to transmission and mode conversion coefficients. These coefficients are indicative of the size of the defect, and relationships can be measured via numerical simulation. When size constraints do not allow for the modes to separate in time, the two-dimensional Fourier transform is often employed to resolve the strength of various modes in a single wave packet. However, due to the finite and discrete nature of the simulated signals, various issues arise concerning the detectability of low amplitude converted modes. The impact of using various window functions in the spatial domain will be investigated and compared. A technique will be introduced to help detect smaller amplitude waves when analytical dispersion curves may not be available to predict the abscissa and ordinate, i.e. frequency and wavenumber, locations based on a baseline subtraction technique employed in the two-dimensional frequency space.


This paper consists of a preliminary comparative assessment of the radiological consequences of the deep geological disposal of high-level wasteforms, focusing on the differences between the performance of spent fuel and vitrified high-level waste in potential repository environments. In order to undertake quantitative assessment calculations, the important mechanisms controlling the degradation of, and radionuclide release from, each of the wasteforms must be modeled. These mechanisms are briefly described and compared. Their relative importance is estimated from the results of a preliminary assessment of the disposal of the waste arising from 1 ton of original uranium fuel. The results indicate that, within the constraints of the available data and in the absence of firm proposals for the development of a site, the risks from the disposal of the two wasteforms are broadly comparable, but that the mechanisms controlling this result are distinctly different.


Nahla Yassoub Ahmed Ahmed Sundus Mohammed AL-Harbi Babylon University/ College Engineering email@example.com email@example.com Abstract : In Iraq, for few recent years , the increasing number of vehicles and trucks with their heavy traffic loading and with the effects of other exterior factors such air temperatures effects and moisture , accumulation of these factors on the roads surfaces with an insufficient maintenance have caused distresses or deteriorations on pavement . Polymer-modified asphalt mixtures have been used for many years to reduce the amount and severity of distress and extend the service life of hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements. The polymers have acceptable effects on asphalt mixes in low and high temperature due to increasing the resistance to fatigue cracking , rutting (permanent deformation) and thermal cracking . The major objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the density of polyethylene (PE) polymer, that one of physical properties of this locally polymer on the properties of the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). One asphalt cement grade (40-50) from Al-Daurah refinery, two different types of locally available polymers (Low-Density Polyethylene LDPE and High-Density Polyethylene HDPE) have been used with three percentages for each type. These percent's are (2, 5 and 7)% by weight of asphalt cement. HDPE mixing at 180 C o and LDPE at 175 C o for 90 minutes by wet process with asphalt binder. The properties of asphalt mixtures that investigated in the experimental test are Marshall volumetric properties (Marshall stability , Marshall flow) and rutting depth at (40 Co & 50 Co) by wheel track test to evaluate (the permanent deformations). It can be concluded that the density of PE have significant effect on the asphalt mixtures at the optimum percent of PE (2%) , where the increasing density increasing in Marshall Stability about (above 100%) and reducing in rutting depth about (67%) , after compared with control mixtures .The increasing percent of HDPE & LDPE causing reducing in the asphalt mixture properties . And concluded that HDPE modified mixtures provide better resistance against permanent deformations , because of their higher stability and stiffness, relatively lower flow. Therefore the using of HDPE to modified asphalt mixtures give better properties to asphalt mixtures from modified mixtures by LDPE . The effect of temperatures on the rutting depth and on the number of wheel loading passes is clearly apparent . The samples failed at 50 Co testing temperature faster that at 40 Co testing temperature in which the wheel passes are decreasing to half also the rutting depth is increasing by (100%) .


s Some significant results are obtained from the statistic analysis of the metric wave oscillatory events , optic activities and correlative events, recorded with the acousto-optic spectrograph at the Yunnan Observatory during Solar Cycle of 22. It is believed that the events are possibly a new type of bursts at metric wavelength. From their morphologies and chracteristics it can be considered that the first sort of the events may be caused by the non—linear longitudinal self-modulation instability produced during the propagation of the lower frequency electromagnetic waves in the corona and the other two events may stem from the periodicity of the high energy released at the inital period of the flare that causes the accelerated energetic electrons.The injection of the high energy electron periodicity into the radio radiation source region makes the radiative events as the periodic pulsation, and the Langmuir wave produced by the plasma is stimulated by the electronic beams in the electromagnetic wave.


In view of poor adaptability between aerating bucket in steep slope spillway and discharge,the test is carried out by taking Sujiahekou hydropower project as example.And then,the shape optimization of deflector angle is designed for aerating bucket #2 with three different shapes(1:4,1:10,1:15).The results show that the deflector angle and the bucket height should be matched with discharge per unit width when setting aerating bucket in steep slope spillway,that is,cavity length with 3°~5° deflector angle can satisfy the requirement of operation conditions;otherwise,it will probably appear poor adaptability of aerating bucket,which is not in favour of project safety operation under the condition of flood discharge.The test results also show that an exponential relationship is presented between the cavity length and deflector angle under the small discharge condition;while under the large discharge condition,it is a logarithmic variation relationship.Thus,it provides reference for practical engineering design.


The object of this study is about offering possible solutions to deal with the problems emerged in the selection of students working part-time in higher education institutions. University students are employed in accordance with their class hours according to the procedures and principles of part-time student work in higher education institutions in certain units of university. These students are employed in temporary jobs in their spare times besides their education hours according to their interests and skills contributing to their growth as productive individuals with discipline by providing both financial gain and application skills. Universities may encounter more demands than their needs whether they carry certain criteria for working in designated units. There may be unjustness in selection of the most suitable student due to these demands. In this study, a software was developed for assigning these part-time students applied to work on the web environment by using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) method. Using TOPSIS software developed and with this software has been shown to accomplish a fairer choice than the other available part-time student selection tool currently used.


Josephine Johnson shares her journey from school nursing to influencing public health at a national level, and how the skills acquired as a qualified school nurse have helped her in the process.


Nanoparticles (especially metals and metal-oxides) have been used as catalysts much earlier than the beginning of the era of nanotechnology. This is because small particles having a large surface/volume ratio and a large proportion of low-coordinated sites may be much more reactive than flat surface...


Workers' compensation claims are becoming increasingly expensive for employers. Because of the high accident rate in the hospitality industry, it has been assumed that the industry also incurs a high rate of workers' compensation claims. However, no studies have yet analyzed these claims in detail. The results of this study indicated that the hospitality industry has an extraordinarily high rate of costly workers' compensation claims. The types and nature of the most commonly claimed injuries are identified, as well as the body areas injured most often and the most common causes of these injuries. Finally, a costanalysis of the most commonly claimed injuries is presented. These results will lead to risk-aversion methods that could decrease the frequency and, therefore, the cost of workers' compensation claims for the hospitality industry.


Security is the most important issue from last few decades. Cryptography plays an important role in security. Encryption and Decryption came as a solution against security threats. There are so many proposed algorithms by researchers like AES,DES,RSA and many more but they are lacking somewhere in terms of security. Therefore cryptography demands such encryption and decryption algorithms which are real hard to crack. In this paper, an algorithm has been proposed based on ASCII values and binary operations for both encryption and decryption to enhance the security so that the attackers might not easily crack the logic to reach the original message sent via network. General Terms Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, Algorithm etc.


The reform in the structure and goals for Higher Education in Europe underscores the link between instructional design and learning. This reform places high demands on Teacher Training. Although the "routes" through which a student may become a mathematics teacher are different in many countries (Fandino, 2003), in all of them it is begin to link teacher learning to design of learning environments. Nowadays, it is a challenge in Teacher Education to enable students carry out autonomous work and, at the same time, development of the identity of being a mathematics teacher belongs to a community of practice. One way of facing up to this challenge in teacher training is by using the media provided by new technologies of communication that increase the spaces and the time for interaction and communication professional on real case base studies between the student teachers.


This is the 12th reported case of benign mesothelioma of the atrioventricular (AV) node, studied both clinically and pathologically. In this case, serial sections were done throughout the entire conduction system. The patient clinically showed AV block with a nodal pacemaker. Pathologically the approaches to the AV node and most of the node were replaced by tumor. The AV bundle was not involved by tumor. This is a small, slow growing tumor probably derived from epicardial rests. It has never been diagnosed clinically, but could be surgically removed before the AV block is complete.


In counseling ethics and standards, there is a call to integrate practices and for practitioners to become more aware of other cultures and traditions (Sue, Arrendondo, & McDavis, 1992; Ratts, Singh, Butler, Nassar-McMillan, & McCullough, 2015). Very little research exists that addresses when the Western mental health practitioner and the traditional healer are the same person. The current work explored the experiences of licensed mental health practitioners who are also traditional Mexican/Mexican American healers in their practice of both modalities. The theoretical frameworks for the current study are multiculturalism and social justice. vii Six research participants from the Southwestern region of the United States participated in the study. The participants included four individuals who identified as female and two individuals who identified as male. The participants ranged in age from 46 to 69. All participants mentioned growing up with traditional healing practices and identified a relative as a practitioner. All participants mentioned at least one mentor/teacher from whom they specifically learned traditional healing practices. All participants identified as Spanish/English bilingual and were able to conduct psychotherapy and traditional healing in Spanish and/or English as needed. I used an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach to explore how the participants described their experiences. I identified four major themes. Theme one is identity as a healer and that training in traditional healing is lifelong. Theme two reflects barriers and integrations to dual practice. Theme three is social justice, that is, traditional healing as a statement of cultural power, reclamation, political activism, and social justice. Theme four is about the healing methods used including different techniques, use of the plática specifically, and traditional healing as heart energy. I present implications for practice, teaching, and future research. In addition, advocacy for the client and the counselor from both mainstream and marginalized groups, as regards third party payment is a key direction for future practice, teaching, and research. viii Table of


On the basis of modal analysis theory, a free modal test and a work modal test of the HSK tool holder and thin-disk cutters with the vibration measuring method were carried out. The modal parameters such as inherent frequency, damping ratio and modal shapes were gained. These modal parameters were compared with modal parameters, which were gained with the finite element method. The results verified whether the construction of the finite element modal was reasonable or not, and provided technical help for exploring the dynamic characteristics and structural optimization of HSK tool system, making the full use of HSK tool holder in high- speed machining.


The dynamic varieties of the stratum relative abundance in different layers and volume, biomss in different forests of 4 dominant species in Heishiding Natural Reserve, Guangdong province , were studied by stratum relative abundance method and form quotient method. From needle leaved forest to needle-broad leaved forest, Pinus massoniana disappeared from layer III, and it's biomass decreased from 125.75 t/ hm 2 to 84.86 t/ hm 2 being a declining species; Schima superba was declining from layer I to layer V, it's biomass increased from 9.35 t/ hm 2 to 33.71 t/ hm 2; Castanopsis kawakamii was a stable species, it's biomass increased from 5.97 t/ hm 2 to 27.39 t/ hm 2 . Cryptocarya concinna was developing from layer III to layer IV, and it's biomass got a large raise. The results showed that the needle leaved forest was developing to needle-broad leaved forest in which the sun broad leaved tree are dominant but the mesophilous ones were increasing and also showed that the stratum relative abundance method was the appropriate way to discriminate in which stage(developing, stable or declining)a species was in a successional forest, and to predicate the future of the forest exactly.


Abstract: Throughout the history of the church, reform initiatives and new visions both strain the fabric of church life while also enabling the church to address new challenges. The Young People's Conference movement of 1919-1923 was one such movement in the (Old) Mennonite Church. Young progressive leaders, shaped by their experiences as World War I conscientious objectors and relief workers, critiqued existing church structures and proposed a program of sweeping changes. From its beginnings, however, the reform movement faced the difficult challenge of winning support from all sectors of a church polarized by broader modernist/fundamentalist debates. The challenge proved insurmountable--after four years the movement disbanded. Yet several decades later, the church had enacted most of the reforms proposed by the Young People's Conference movement, which raises interesting questions about the process of negotiation and compromise leading to changes in church life. In January 1921, Orie B. Gerig--a gifted young Mennonite leader, Goshen College alumnus, and World War I conscientious objector--faced rejection at the hands of the church he hoped to serve. Gerig had applied for a position with the Mennonite Board of Missions as an overseas missionary. But despite his apparent qualifications the board denied the appointment because of his association with theological movements that the board had deemed unorthodox. Gerig faced the option of either denouncing those movements or severing his ties with the denomination. For years he had struggled--unsuccessfully, for the most part--to introduce reforms into the (Old) Mennonite Church that he hoped would become a defining vision for the twentieth century.(1) A year earlier Gerig expressed his discouragement to a friend and cousin, Jacob C. Meyer: "You and I will be old men before our people will grasp such a vision of service"(2) Yet he believed so strongly in the possibility of church renewal that he had been willing, initially at least, to give up a promising career outside Mennonite circles to see that dream realized. By 1921, however, the lines dividing Gerig from key church leaders had become sharply drawn. "Frankly" he wrote to Meyer, "I sometimes feel that we are attempting a hopeless task. [We] cannot reconcile ... on these grounds. It will be impossible."(3) Gerig's fears were confirmed early in 1921 when the Mission Board asked him to renounce all association with liberal groups and doctrines, a concession that Gerig found to be "unthinkable."(4) As Gerig explained to Meyer in March 1921, "I have come to the point where I can no longer view all problems only in the light of our own little branch of the church. We have a larger project in view7. In the end, our plan will live after all their intrigue has passed on the blemished page of history"(5) Gerig had made his choice--a choice that would ultimately lead him out of the Mennonite Church. Orie B. Gerig was part of an early-twentieth-century reform movement in the (Old) Mennonite Church in which young people sought to engage their faith and their church with the rapidly changing world of their day. The initiative, known as the Young People's Conference (Y.P.C.) movement, sponsored four conferences between 1919 and 1923 at which youth and young adults envisioned the future of the Mennonite Church for their generation. Almost from the beginning, however, the Y.P.C. movement became entangled in larger church debates, framed largely as a struggle between Modernism and Fundamentalism. The controversy culminated in 1923 when conservatives successfully closed the reputedly "liberal" Goshen College and brought an end to the Y.P.C. movement. The struggles prompted Gerig and many of his progressive-minded friends to leave the (Old) Mennonite Church, disappointed by their failure to enact reforms and convinced that the church would not develop an effective peace witness in the twentieth century. Yet however tragic the demise of Y. …


Comparison of three disability questionnaries for low back and neck pain with focus on test-retest reliability and sensitivity of change


The measurement uncertainty of the HPLC method for determination of phenobaribital and scopolamine hydrobromide tablets was evaluated. The method of evaluation was achieved by analysis of the uncertainty sources arising from the procedure of analysis. The expanded uncertainty of scopolamine hydrobromide and phenobarbital were 2.1% and 1.5%, respectively. The contents of scopolamine hydrobromide and phenobarbital were (108.6±2.1)% and (108.3±1.5)%.


Observational cosmology is passing through a unique moment of grandeur with the amount of quality data growing fast. However, in order to better take advantage of this moment, data analysis tools have to keep up the pace. Understanding the effect of baryonic matter on the large-scale structure is one of the challenges to be faced in cosmology. In this work, we have thoroughly studied the effect of baryonic physics on different lensing statistics. Making use of the Magneticum Pathfinder suite of simulations, we show that the influence of luminous matter on the 1-point lensing statistics of point sources is significant, enhancing the probability of magnified objects with mu > 3 by a factor of 2 and the occurrence of multiple images by a factor of 5-500, depending on the source redshift and size. We also discuss the dependence of the lensing statistics on the angular resolution of sources. Our results and methodology were carefully tested to guarantee that our uncertainties are much smaller than the effects here presented.


Using the chemical coprecipitation method a precursor formed by iron and barium hidroxides and carbonates was obtained. For calcination temperatures higher than 730°C this precursor transforms into barium ferrite. Calcining the precursor during 2 hours a maximum magnetization of 59.1 emu/g for 925°C was obtained. Using the microemulsion method a fine precursor formed by iron and barium hidroxides and carbonates was obtained. For calcination temperatures higher than 760°C this precursor transforms into barium ferrite. Calcining the precursor during 12 hours a maximum magnetization of 60.5 emu/g for 925°C was obtained. For the barium ferrite obtained by microemulsion the intrinsic coercitivity was 20% lower than the intrinsic coercitivity of the barium ferrite obtained by chemical coprecipitation. This lower intrinsic coercivity should favor the microemulsion method for producing barium ferrite particles used as perpendicular magnetic recording medium.


Implementation is the challenge facing any attempts to reform the U.S. welfare service system. Without consideration of an implementation strategy, a reform plan will be destined to fail. Because many planners of welfare reform may be unfamiliar with program initiation, planners need a guide to assist implementation. This report provides planners with a systematic approach to implementing welfare reform plans. The report reviews current welfare initiatives (the federal government spends $6 to $8 billion per year on welfare) and includes summary documentation of those programs in several states. A five-step template for implementing welfare reform is proposed. This template addresses issues such as transforming a vision into a strategy, team development, locating advocates, and securing funding. Tie primary focus of the template is toward thosr reform programs that include educational opportunities, rehabilitation, and employment of welfare clients. Tables show each step of the template and provide 1.upporting data, resource contacts, and visual summaries. (CK) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** A Template for the Systematic Implementation of Welfare Reform By Joseph Thomas Cianfrani Director: Dr. David C. Littman, Assistant Professor Computer Science Department Spiing 1994 George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia


The effect of English as lingua franca is that English is carried out in education. It is prioritized on four skills; listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Writing becomes important when mass communication media mostly are in form of writing. Talking about writing means we talk about genre. There are many kinds of genre that students should know but the most familiar one is procedure text. The mastery of this genre becomes important since it is quietly related to their daily life. There are many techniques to teach students writing, such as Think Pair Share. It is a technique which is in area of cooperative learning model.
The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is a significant difference of the ability of writing procedure text of the seventh grade students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus in the academic year 2011/2012 before and after being taught by using Think Pair Share.
This research is in the area of quantitative experimental research. The writer used one group pretest-posttest experiment. The number of sample is 36 students. She used test in form of essay test as the instrument to gather the data of the students' ability in writing procedure text before and after being taught by using Think Pair Share.
The result of the experiment shows that the calculation of t-test, with the level of significance 0.05, degree of freedom (df) 35, t-table (tt) 2.05, and t-observation (to) 6.99. In other words, t-observation is higher than t-table (to>tt). In detail, the mean of the students' ability of writing procedure text before being taught by using Think Pair Share is 65.9 and it is categorized as "low". Then, after being taught by using Think Pair Share, the mean of the students' ability of writing procedure text is 76.44 and it is categorized as "good". Therefore, the Null Hypothesis (H0) that states there is no significant difference between the writing procedure text ability of the seventh grade students of SMP 2 Gebog Kudus before and after being taught by using Think Pair Share is denied.
Thus, a teacher should be creative to use a various technique in English teaching moreover in teaching writing. In choosing the technique, the teacher should pay attention to the material will be given. It is also hoped that there will be further research to improve the students' ability of writing procedure text.


Agricultural development is indispensible to financial support. On the basis of data of the financial expenditure for agriculture (FEA) and per capita net income of farmers (PCIF) of Jiangsu Province in 1990-2012, with the aid of software R, this paper established the linear regression model for the relation between financial expenditure for agriculture and per capita net income of farmers through the function lm. Using the function summary, this paper obtained the summary statistical data, and made diagnostic check of regression model from image command plot and variance analysis table. Finally, it came up with pertinent recommendations including increasing financial expenditure for agriculture, optimizing expenditure structure, and balancing regional development.


While privacy issues in children's mobile applications are becoming increasingly sophisticated, the permissions in these applications are undergoing development without proper security implementation. Mobile applications with excessive privacy features can cause serious data leakages and other similar privacy issues, which can exert detrimental repercussions on children's security. In this paper, we have conducted a risk assessment for this security matter, where we identified the risk, applied the controls, determined the residual risk, and established a set of recommendations. Keywords— Children, Mobile Applications, Permissions, Privacy, Risk Assessment


In this paper we present eyeJOT as a new context-aware smart campus information system combining ambient wall-sized displays with location-aware, context-sensitive information sharing on mobile devices. eyeJOT is a metaphor for how we might want a birds eye view of the activities on and off the university campus to guide users through the plethora of information. The platform supports navigation using proximity detection and information posting for news, activities and schedules using Bluetooth and SMS. We introduce the eyeJOT ubiquitous computing architecture, the interface design and present possible use cases.


Abstract Protection of air and groundwater as an adaptation to climate change is currently one of the main economic and social challenges at both the global, national, regional and local levels. This is confirmed by the author's review of the literature in this area. Higher wealth of Polish municipalities is not always consistent with greater municipal involvement in environmental protection and its results, which requires deeper analysis. Factors such as the nature of municipalities and the natural conditions of municipalities due to their spatial location are also important. The subject of this article's research is a comparative analysis (based on detailed indicators of environmental governance of the Central Statistical Office (CSO)) of the degree of involvement of 30 Polish municipalities of varying wealth in air and groundwater protection, as well as a comparison of their natural conditions in terms of forest cover and biodiversity, which should promote better adaptation to climate change at the local level.


This project proposes a rotor flux amplitude reference generation strategy for doubly fed induction machine based wind turbines. It is specially designed to address perturbations, such as Voltage dips, keeping controlled the torque of the wind turbine, and considerably reducing the stator and rotor over currents during faults. In addition, a direct torque controls strategy that provides fast dynamic response accompanies the overall control of the wind turbine. Despite the fact that the proposed control does not totally eliminate the necessity of the typical crowbar protection for this kind of turbines, it eliminates the activation of this protection during low depth voltage dips. This project focuses the analysis on the control of doubly fed induction machine (DFIM) based high-power wind turbines when they operate under presence of voltage dips. Most of the wind turbine manufacturers build this kind of wind turbines with a back-to-back converter sized to approximately 30% of the nominal power. This reduced converter design provokes that when the machine is affected by voltage dips, it needs a special crowbar protection in order to avoid damages in the wind turbine and meet the gridcode requirements. The main objective of the control strategy proposed in this letter is to eliminate the necessity of the crowbar protection when low-depth voltage dips occur. Hence, by using direct torque control (DTC), with a proper rotor flux generation strategy, during the fault it will be possible to maintain the machine connected to the grid, generating power from the wind, reducing over currents, and eliminating the torque oscillations that normally produce such voltage dips.


This paper summarizes the risk assessment and management workflow developed and applied to the Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration (SWP) Phase III Demonstration Project. The risk assessment and management workflow consists of six primary tasks, including management planning, identification, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, response planning, and monitoring. Within the workflow, the SWP assembled and iteratively updated a risk registry that identifies risks for all major activities of the project. Risk elements were ranked with respect to the potential impact to the project and the likelihood of occurrence. Both qualitative and quantitative risk analyses were performed. To graphically depict the interactions among risk elements and help building risk scenarios, process influence diagrams were used to represent the interactions. The SWP employed quantitative methods of risk analysis including Response Surface Method (RSM), Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE), and the National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) toolset. The SWP also developed risk response planning and performed risk control and monitoring to prevent the risks from affecting the project and ensure the effectiveness of risk management. As part of risk control and monitoring, existing and new risks have been tracked and the response plan was subsequently evaluated. Findings and lessons learned from the SWP's risk assessment and management efforts will provide valuable information for other commercial geological CO2 storage projects.


This study presents the results of structured interviews of 10 urban police officers conducted by an insider – a fellow police officer – regarding their attitudes towards and motivations for the use of dishonesty and extra-legal means in furtherance of their law enforcement function. Their vocabulary of motives include a wide range of justifications and rationalisations for their own and their fellow officers' unlawful stops, searches, arrests, planting of evidence, false report writing, and perjured testimony. The officers' techniques for neutralising their own moral guilt or others' questioning of their untoward conduct go beyond furtherance of their noble cause, which is a dominant force. The officers benefit both personally and professionally from their deviance. They express a firm belief that their extra-legal methods are a necessary deterrent to criminal behaviour, and even desired by those segments of society most victimised by criminal behaviour. Given the constellation of motives driving the officers' behaviour, the authors suggest that multiple approaches will be necessary to address the police dishonesty problem.


PURPOSE: A process of preparing a crude drug composition for enhancing memory containing a Rehmanniae radix Preparata extract as an effective ingredient is provided. Whereby, the composition is effective in enhancement of the ability of children to learn tasks, or to memorize. CONSTITUTION: Rehmanniae radix Preparata is extracted in an organic solvent in a ratio of 1:2(w/v) and filtered to give a supernatant, which is extracted in an organic solvent having a variety of concentrations, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and freeze-dried, wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethyl alcohol, petroleum ether, chloroform, methyl alcohol and water.


President Barack Obama with then Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt at Stockholm Arlanda Airport, September 2013. At a joint press conference with then Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt the same day, Obama discussed surveillance by the NSA. On April 24, 2013, just weeks before Edward Snowden went public with his leaks about mass surveillance by the National Security Agency, General Keith B. Alexander, then the head of the NSA, welcomed a group of Swedish intelligence officials to a secret three-day meeting at NSA headquarters in Fort Meade, Maryland. In the delegation were Ingvar Åkesson, the longtime director of Sweden's National Defense Radio Establishment (known as the FRA, for Försvarets radioanstalt), a shadowy Swedish government intelligence agency, and five members of Åkesson's senior staff. One of the aims of the meeting was to discuss Sweden's growing importance to the NSA.


This compilation extends the 1991 listing of atomic data by Morton to the heavier stable elements from germanium to bismuth. Technetium, thorium, and uranium are added because they can live long enough to be astrophysically detectable. The tabulation emphasizes resonance lines, i.e., lines the lower level of which is the ground state, or an excited fine-structure state of the ground term, and is restricted to wavelengths longward of the H I Lyman limit at 911.75 Å. This paper has attempted to review all data published by mid-1999 and includes some later material. The tables contain the best data available to the author on level designations, ionization potentials, vacuum and air wavelengths, lower and upper energy levels, statistical weights, transition probabilities, natural damping constants (reciprocal lifetimes), oscillator strengths, and the often-used combinations of log gf and log λf. All ion stages with classified lines are included. Individual components resulting from isotope shift and hyperfine structure are listed explicitly for Rb I, Cs I, Hg I and Hg II, Ti II, and Pb II. The accompanying text provides references, explanations for the critical selection of data, and notes indicating where new measurements or calculations are needed. This compilation should be particularly useful in the analysis of interstellar and quasar absorption lines and other astrophysical sites where the density of particles and radiation is low enough to excite only the lowest atomic levels. The data also are relevant to the study of stellar atmospheres, particularly those with enhanced abundances of heavy elements.


In the early 2000's, the work of Cole and Legon,a,b combined with that done earlier by Kisiel, Fowler, and Legon,c demonstrated that comparisons among the complexes of HF, HCl, and HCCH each with vinyl fluoride could provide information concerning the strength of intermolecular interactions. Specifically, that the length of the hydrogen bond and its deviation from linearity as a result of a secondary interaction with the nucleophilic portion of the protic acid could be correlated with the hydrogen bond strength. Building on this foundation, we undertook a systematic characterization of the molecular structures of complexes formed between these three acids and the remaining polar fluoroethylenes, seeking to unravel the nature of their intermolecular interactions. What started out as a simple confirmation of chemical intuition regarding relative interaction strengths developed into a fuller appreciation of the competition between electrostatic and steric forces in determining the lowest energy configuration for the heterodimer. Additional surprises were in store for us as we expanded the study to chlorofluoroethylenes. Although the first few examples again served to confirm earlier conclusions, subsequent complexes provided unexpected results that signaled an increasing importance of the dispersion interaction in determining the geometry of the complex as well as the fundamental differences in the electron distributions surrounding the halogens in a C–F versus C–Cl bond. Our work with these species has not only allowed us to investigate fundamental questions regarding intermolecular interactions, but obtaining and analyzing the spectra of these complexes along with those of the various haloethylene monomers and their complexes with the argon atom have provided an introduction to molecular spectroscopy and structure determination for many undergraduate students.


Standing on the point of private enterprise,this essay discusses the legal environments of private enterprise and the necessity of its self—optimizing from three levels.The three levels of legal environments are inner—legal environment,market legal environment and social and legal environment.The values of the attention paid to different level of legal environments differ from each other.This essay analysi-sing the legal environments of private enterprise and the necessity of its self—optimizing is mainly in the methodology of law and economics.At the last part of this essay,it further discusses the necessity of self—optimizing its legal environments from the view of externality theory.


This article describes possible choice and use of free shared nano-objekt modeling programs in nanotechnologies studying. Such programs as RasMol, QuteMol, Jmol, Jsmol, XMD, Gromacs.


A taxonomic revision of Bridelia Willd. for Southeast Asia is presented together with comments on the characters used, the biogeography of the species involved and the phytographic history of the genus. Nineteen species are recognised for the region (one from New Guinea was recently described as new). A key and full descriptions are provided. Maps illustrate the distribution of 15 species. Several distributional patterns were found which mainly reflect ecological requirements. The currently accepted infrageneric delimitation (especially on the sectional level) as proposed by Jablonszky (1915) seems no longer to meet the demands of modern taxonomy and is used here only as a handy working tool, but no attempt is undertaken to propose a new one.


Preface Introduction 1. The limits of personalism 2. Measuring partical belief 3. Frequencies and trials 4. Propensity 5. Half lives and the force of mortality 6. Imprecision and inexactness 7. Connectivity and classical propensities 8. Determinism and laws of nature Apology References Index.


This paper introduces the present situation of and the problems existing in the gangue pile-up, analyzes on the influence of the gangue pile-up on the environment, and advances the paths for the comprehensive utilization of the gangue.


This work concerns the application of groundbased SAR interferometry (GB-InSAR) for the monitoring of the Tessina landslide, using the LISA (Linear SAR) system developed at the JRC. This landslide is continuously monitored by a topographic system. For this reason it has been chosen as a test site to fully confirm the accuracy of the, GB-InSAR. The GB-InSAR-derived ground displacements have been compared with those obtained by a set of topographic benchmarks placed in the unstable areas.


Speaker diarization involves the detection of speakers within an audio stream and the intervals during which each speaker is active, i.e. the determination of 'who spoken when'. The task is closely linked to that of speaker recognition or detection, which involves the comparison of two, presumably single-speaker speech segments and the determination of whether or not they were uttered by the same speaker. Even if many practical applications require their combination, the two tasks are traditionally tackled independently from each other. The work presented in this thesis takes a similar approach, but also considers an application where speaker diarization and speaker recognition solutions are fused at their heart. Both speaker diarization and recognition rely upon speaker modelling techniques, the most advanced of which exploit developments in deep learning. These techniques typically require training and optimisation using massive quantities of domain-matched training data. When such modelling techniques are applied to domain-mismatched data, performance can degrade substantially. When domain-matched data is scarce, or not available in sufficient quantities, then alternative, domain-robust speaker modelling techniques are needed. The work presented in this thesis exploits an approach to speaker modelling involving binary keys (BKs). BK modelling is inherently efficient and can operate without the need for external training data. Instead, it operates using test data alone. Novel contributions include: (i) a new approach to BK extraction based on multi-resolution spectral analysis; (ii) an approach to speaker change detection using BKs; (iii) the application of spectral clustering methods to BK speaker modelling; (iv) new fusion techniques that combine the benefits of both BK and deep learning based solutions to speaker diarization. All contributions lead to substantial improvements over baseline techniques and led to excellent results in 3 internationally competitive evaluations, including 2 best-ranked systems. Other contributions include the combination of speaker diarization within a speaker detection task. The work relates to security applications and EURECOM's participation in the ANR ODESSA project. The new task, coined low latency speaker spotting (LLSS), involves the rapid detection of known speakers within multi-speaker audio streams. It


Plant intracellular NLR receptors recognize pathogen interference to trigger immunity. NLR signalling mechanisms have not been resolved. Enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) heterodimers are recruited by Toll-interleukin1-receptor domain NLRs (TNLs) to transcriptionally mobilize resistance pathways. Using an Arabidopsis EDS1 heterodimer crystal structure we interrogate the conserved but functionally uncharacterized EDS1 α-helical EP-domain. We identify EP-domain positively charged residues lining a cavity that are essential for TNL immunity signalling, beyond heterodimer formation. Mutating arginine (R493) to alanine creates a weak EDS1 allele which disables TNL immunity against bacteria producing a virulence factor, coronatine (COR). Arabidopsis plants expressing EDS1R493A are slow to mobilize defence gene expression changes, independently of COR. The transcriptional delay has severe consequences for pathogen resistance and for countering bacterial COR. We uncover a set of host immunity genes whose repression by COR is blocked by wild-type EDS1 but not by EDS1R493A in the TNL response. These data uncover an EDS1 signalling surface lining the heterodimer EP-domain cavity which confers timely transcriptional reprogramming of host defence pathways and blocks bacterial virulence in NLR receptor immunity.


The effect of organic material and silicon on Pangola grass growth and phosphorus contents in a soil from Los Diamantes, Costa Rica was studied in a glasshouse experiment. There was an immediate but temporary beneficial effect on plant growth of silicon and plant residues added to the soil. Calcium silicate, rice hull and Stylosanthes humilis increased forage yields, but these increases were significantly higher than the control only at the first harvest. Forage phosphorus concentrations were increased by calcium silicate, rice hull, and S. humilis treatments. The higher forage phosphorus concentrations from these treatments may have been due to the increased availability of soil phosphorus or in the case of plant residues, to increased available phosphorus from their decomposition. Large amounts of soluble sugar added to the soil reduced forage yieIds markedly, possibly because of nitrogen and phosphorus inmmobilization. Incorporation of rice hulls, where they are abundant, into tropical soils deficient in available phosphorus, probably is a desirable practice, particularly for small, intensively managed plantings.


A comprehensive guide to the mushrooms and other fungi of North America. The author has spent years in field research, studying and photographing thousands of specimens and even identifying a previously unknown variety that is now named after him. Each of the photographs are taken in controlled studio light, revealing the characteristic physical aspects and a cross section of every mushroom. The text offers information on where and when to find each mushroom, and how to make a positive identification. A useful guide for both beginners and serious mycologists.


The present invention, by forming a cell block including a NAND flash memory device and a flash memory cell in the upper portion forming a plurality of, and to, a triple-well of the NAND flash memory device in the cell area on the method for forming thereof, the well and the flash memory device the erasing it is possible to reduce the stress time for a non-selected block through a plurality of wells in operation, it is possible to prevent the erase disturbance, the triple P-well is because the separation is reduced capacitance between the triple P-well and a triple N well It provides a well bias charging (well bias charging) and disabling the charging time (Discharging time) is the burden of the overall erase times reduced (erase time Budget) NAND flash memory device and method thereof form the well can be reduced. NAND flash memory, a triple-well, clear, disturbance, cell block


Resource Section - Robert Dixon (explorer) - Arrowsmith's Australian Maps - Arrowsmith's Australian Maps is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of SUBJECT with links to related articles and images. ADD MORE DESCRIPTION AS REQUIRED


The objective of this study is to assess cortical bone porosity through measurements of the diffusion constant and attenuation as a function of frequency. Using FDTD simulations, the diffusion constant was calculated for 45 modified human femur shaft bone geometries obtained from a reference binarized 100-MHz Scanning Acoustic Microscopy image. The diffusion constant was sensitive to cortical porosity and demonstrated around 85% decrease for 10% increase in porosity. This suggests that lower diffusion constant values could be associated with more severe cases of osteoporosis. Using a spectroscopy approach in the 1–8 MHz range, we demonstrate that the attenuation coefficient as a function of frequency can be approximated as:α(f) = AfB + C, where "A", "B" and "C" are related to pore diameter and pore concentration. For a constant pore density (10 mm2), "A" increased from 0.03 to 19.79 when pore diameter increased (Po.Dm ∈40–130μm), while "B" and "C" were found to decrease from 2.654 to 0.5741 and from −0.06...


Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Päivikki Repo Name of the doctoral dissertation Reducing surface recombination in black silicon photovoltaic devices using atomic layer deposition Publisher School of Electrical Engineering Unit Department of Microand Nanosciences Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 139/2016 Field of research Semiconductor Technology Manuscript submitted 22 April 2016 Date of the defence 9 September 2016 Permission to publish granted (date) 20 June 2016 Language English Monograph Article dissertation Essay dissertation Abstract Surface recombination in silicon solar cells decreases the collection probability of charge carriers and can hence lower the cell efficiency significantly. The reduction of this detrimental effect is addressed in this work by passivating the surface with different atomic layer deposited (ALD) thin film coatings. It is shown that surface passivation with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or hafnium oxide (HfO2) is dependent on the oxidant used in the ALD process. Higher deposition temperatures lead to better surface passivation with aluminum nitride (AlN) films where carrier lifetimes of more than 1 ms can be reached with additional corona charge. In general, all of the thin films studied here provide good surface passivation with low values for interface defect density.Surface recombination in silicon solar cells decreases the collection probability of charge carriers and can hence lower the cell efficiency significantly. The reduction of this detrimental effect is addressed in this work by passivating the surface with different atomic layer deposited (ALD) thin film coatings. It is shown that surface passivation with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) or hafnium oxide (HfO2) is dependent on the oxidant used in the ALD process. Higher deposition temperatures lead to better surface passivation with aluminum nitride (AlN) films where carrier lifetimes of more than 1 ms can be reached with additional corona charge. In general, all of the thin films studied here provide good surface passivation with low values for interface defect density. Surface passivation becomes even more important in the case of black silicon (b-Si), i.e. nanostructured silicon surface, where the large surface area results in high surface recombination velocity. Black silicon itself has gained much interested especially for photovoltaic applications due to its low surface reflectance on a wide spectral range and acceptance angle. However, the increase in the surface recombination has always hindered the application of b-Si e.g. in solar cells. This work presents that ALD Al2O3 can solve this issue by providing completely conformal coating and excellent passivation also on nanostructured surfaces. In addition to surface passivation, Al2O3 coating further reduces the reflectance leading to values less than 1 % on the whole spectral range relevant for solar cell operation. As good surface passivation is reached on b-Si, its applicability on different photovoltaic devices including two types of solar cells and a photodiode is demonstrated. First, it is shown that different emitter diffusion processes do not hinder the optical properties of black silicon and that excellent surface passivation is also reached on boron doped emitters using ALD Al2O3. This discovery is then applied in the fabrication of n-type front contact solar cells with b-Si and Al2O3 passivation on the front surface and an efficiency of 18.7 % is reached. Even higher efficiencies of 22.1 % are gained with back contact solar cells. This is so far the highest efficiency reached with black silicon solar cells. Finally, Al2O3 surface passivation and black silicon are applied on induced junction photodiodes and external quantum efficiency of 96 % is reached on the measured wavelength range of 250-950 nm. This proves that the use of b-Si and Al2O3 surface passivation is not limited only to solar cells but also other optoelectronic applications can benefit from it.


Data are presented that show a marked species difference in the degree of damage and in the course of events seen in the bone marrow and peripheral blood after a given dose of radiation. The data taken together indicate strongly, but do not prove, that the picture seen results primarily from damage to the stem cell population. This damage to the stem cells is manifested later in the more mature differentiating cells of the marrow, and in the peripheral blood. The picture seen results both from death of stem cells, and also injury leading to reduced proliferative capacity, with later death of the injured stem cell and all of its progeny. Thus the picture seen is a result of both quantitative and qualitative changes resulting directly from the exposure of the stem cells, and species differences relative to sensitivity and time course of events appear to depend to a large degree on differential sensitivity of the bone marrow stem cell populations to death and injury. (auth)


Psychostimulant addiction is associated with dysfunctions in frontal cortex. Previous data demonstrated that repeated exposure to methamphetamine (METH) can alter prefrontal cortex (PFC)‐dependent functions. Here, we show that withdrawal from repetitive non‐contingent METH administration (7 days, 1 mg/kg) depressed voltage‐dependent calcium currents (ICa) and increased hyperpolarization‐activated cation current (IH) amplitude and the paired‐pulse ratio of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in deep‐layer pyramidal mPFC neurons. Most of these effects were blocked by systemic co‐administration of the D1/D5 receptor antagonist SCH23390 (0.5 and 0.05 mg/kg). In vitro METH (i.e. bath‐applied to slices from naïve‐treated animals) was able to emulate its systemic effects on ICa and evoked EPSCs paired‐pulse ratio. We also provide evidence of altered mRNA expression of (1) voltage‐gated calcium channels P/Q‐type Cacna1a (Cav2.1), N‐type Cacna1b (Cav2.2), T‐type Cav3.1 Cacna1g, Cav3.2 Cacna1h, Cav3.3 Cacna1i and the auxiliary subunit Cacna2d1 (α2δ1); (2) hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channels Hcn1 and Hcn2; and (3) glutamate receptors subunits AMPA‐type Gria1, NMDA‐type Grin1 and metabotropic Grm1 in the mouse mPFC after repeated METH treatment. Moreover, we show that some of these changes in mRNA expression were sensitive D1/5 receptor blockade. Altogether, these altered mechanisms affecting synaptic physiology and transcriptional regulation may underlie PFC functional alterations that could lead to PFC impairments observed in METH‐addicted individuals.


Preface to the Second Edition Introduction 1. The History Of Local History Coda To Chapter 1: Revising What is Held as True 2. Thinking About History Coda To Chapter 2: Censorship 3. Considering Topics Chapter 3: Journalists and Historians 4. Researching Local History Coda to Chapter 4: Nothing But the Truth 5. Giving Back Coda to Chapter 5: The Great Document Exchange 6. The Local Historian Coda to Chapter 6: Adult Local History Workshop 7. The Past That Was Yesterday Coda to Chapter 7: One Last Thing Index


Enlargement of lymph nodes may result from benign disease or malignant growth. There are several types of lyniphoma which vary in the rapidity of their course and which represent primary (i.e., intrinsic) neoplasms of lymph nodes. In males, lymphoid tissue is a leading primary site of cancer during adolescence.' Lyniph nodes arc fre quently the site of metastatic tumors, mostly of the carcinoma type. According to Willis, 69 per cent of 426 consecutive cases of carcinonia autopsied in his laboratory had mctastases in lymph nodes. Usually, metastases of carcinoma in lymph nodes offer no problem as the primary site is readily apparent. Cases do occur, however, where a pal pable lymph node or skin involvement may be the first sign of disease, and a biopsy of the tissue niay be the first histologic evidence of malignancy.3