Land use and neighborhood characteristics have long been linked to transit ridership. Large-scale agencies, such as state departments of transportations, often make decisions that affect land use pattern and transit services. However, the interdependencies between them are seldom harnessed in decision-making. In this article, the authors develop and apply a transit ridership model based on land use and other neighborhood characteristics for an entire state, then discuss its implications for regional and state-level decision-making. The state of Maryland was chosen as the study area. Using a number of criteria, the authors subdivided the state into 1151 statewide modeling zones (SMZs) and, for each zone in the base year (2000), developed a set of variables, including developed land under different uses, population and employment densities, free-flow and congested speeds, current transport capacities, and accessibility to different transport modes. They estimated two sets of OLS-regression models for the base year data: one on the statewide SMZs dataset and other on subsets of urban, suburban and rural typologies. It was found that characteristics of land use, transit accessibility, income, and density are strongly significant and robust for the statewide and urban areas datasets. It was also found that determinants and their coefficients vary across urban, suburban and rural areas suggesting the need for finely tuned policy. Next the authors used a suite of econometric and land use models to generate two scenarios for the horizon year (2030) – business as usual and high-energy price – and estimated ridership changes between them. The resulting scenarios are used to show how demand could vary by parts of the state and demonstrate the framework's value in large-scale decision-making.


ABSTRACT We investigated the presence of glycoproteins in Borrelia burgdorferi. We did not find any evidence for glycosylation of the major outer membrane proteins OspA and OspB or the structural flagellar proteins FlaB and FlaA. We suggest that glycoproteins present on the surface of B. burgdorferi may be tightly bound culture medium glycoproteins.


Nowadays, there is a task in the republic of Tatarstan to preserve and popularize the national language. In the republic of Tatarstan today, there is a large number of enterprises with the participation of foreign capital, which play a high-priority role in the economy of our republic. Thus, language policy has to take into account the needs of modern society, that is, along with the popularization of the national language, it is also necessary to create favourable conditions for the study of foreign languages. Such measures will help to nurture not only a spiritually rich, harmonious, but also a modern society that meets the needs of a progressive world. The paper considers the main points of the language situation and language policy in the Republic of Tatarstan. The research offers a review of the main aspects of language paradigm in the region.


As the whole process of attacking the enemy, kill chain plays an important role in system warfare of modern war. Starting with situation assessment, in order to solve the problems of strong data dependence, poor real-time performance and accuracy of Bayesian network situation assessment method based on template matching, this paper proposes a strike chain analysis method based on template Bayesian network. This method uses the template matching reasoning results to modify the Bayesian reasoning results, and uses the Bayesian network reasoning results to compensate the composite events in the template. It has excellent performance in real-time and accuracy.


The article assess the cholera dynamics in Zimbabwe, environmental factors contributing to the cholera crises and the 2008-2009 cholera epidemic; humanitarian aid strategies and how they reduced the cholera case fatality rate from approximately 4.4 in January 2009 to 0 in June 2009.


which can be reached only by crossing the Jordan. There is no evidence of a contrasting of the two sides such as would of itself imply the residence of the writers in Palestine (cf. Driver, op. Cit., p. sliii). The children of Israel had long been dwelling in a land of which it has been said that the Nile is Egypt. There a single stream flowed the whole length of the country and imparted fertility to a strip along either side. Its peculiarities and its relation to the very existence of the nation gave it prominence. It is therefore a very natural thing to find the whole of the Israelites' new possessions poken of at the time of the entrance into Canaan as the region of another river, 18:^t ¢m:.


Laboratory of Geology of the Engineer and Alterology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon. 2 Hydrological Research Center (HRC), Institute of Geological and Mining Research (IRGM), P. O. Box 4110 NlongkakYaounde, Cameroon. Laboratory of Geology, Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teacher training school, University of Yaounde , P. O. Box 47, Yaounde I, Cameroon.


The emergence of classicality from a stochastic quantum system through decoherence is investigated. We consider the case where the parameters, such as mass, frequency, and the damping coefficient, vary with time. The invariant operator theory is employed in order to describe quantum evolution of the system. It is supposed that the system is in equilibrium with the environment at a finite temperature. The characteristics of decoherence, the classical correlation and the quantum coherence length are analyzed. The decoherence time is estimated in both position and momentum spaces. We verify from such analyses that the time dependence of the stochastic process affects the quantum-to-classical transition of the system. To promote the understanding of the results, we apply our development to a particular system which is the damped harmonic oscillator. Through this application, we confirm that the decoherence condition is satisfied in the limit of a sufficiently high temperature, whereas the classical correlation is not affected by the temperature.


The invention discloses a multi-vehicle coordination collision avoidance system and method based on vehicle-vehicle communication, and belongs to the field of vehicle active safety. The system comprises an information collection module, a communication module, an information processing module, and a voice prompt module. The method provided by the invention comprises the steps: collecting the movement data of a target vehicle and a front vehicle in real time through the information collection module, comparing the safety distance of the target vehicle with the distance from the target vehicle to the front vehicle, and judging the danger state of the two vehicles; and starting to judge whether the target vehicle and the front vehicle meet a coordination collision avoidance condition of two vehicles or not when a danger signal is received. When the target vehicle and the front vehicle meet the coordination collision avoidance condition, the time of coordination collision avoidance of the two vehicles and the expected speed are calculated, and are transmitted to other coordination collision avoidance vehicles, thereby achieving a purpose that the vehicles at the same lane achieve the expected speed in a collision time range and move at a constant speed, and achieving the coordination collision avoidance.


A new approach is proposed for analytical description of effective grain potentials in dusty plasmas. The basic idea is to describe absorption of electrons and ions by grain in terms of effective point sinks introduced into the equations of plasma dynamics. The proposed approach makes it possible to find explicit relations for the potential and particle densities distributions. The example of grain screening is considered for the case of weakly ionized plasma in the presence of the external sources of plasma ionization. PACS: 52.27 Lw


3 Introduction 4 1.0: The key aspects of creativity 4 1.1: Measuring creativity 6 1.2: Enhancing creativity 9 2.0: Ambient noise 11 2.1: Ambient noise and creativity 12 2.2: Ambient noise and response time 14 3.0: Caffeine 14 3.1: Caffeine and creativity 16 3.2: Caffeine and response time 17 4.0: Mood 18 4.1: Mood and creativity 18 4.2: Caffeine and mood 19 Method 23 Participants 23 Design 23 Materials and Apparatus 25 Procedure 29 Results 33 Discussion 41 References 47 Apendices 57


Secondary school support staffs are less satisfied with their posts in general, their contracts and conditions of employment, working arrangements for their post, training and development opportunities available to them are always demoralizing them. Going by the foresaid conditions of work, this study was set to analyze of working conditions of support staff in public secondary schools in Nyamira County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The specific objective of the study was to: examine the working conditions of the support staff in public secondary schools. The study population consisted of 170 public secondary schools, 170 principals, 172 deputy principals and 170 BOM chairpersons with 1020 support staff, totaling to 1532. Simple random and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 16 secondary schools, out of which one principal, six support staff, one deputy principal and the BOM chairperson from each of the sampled schools were selected, making a total sample of 144 respondents for the study. The study established that support staff in Nyamira County work under very poor conditions. The findings reveals that support staff motivation depends on the working conditions set by the principal in a school also influence workers motivation to work. The study recommended that there should be salary increase to support staffs and that the yearly increment should be effected considering the fact that they were few and were doing too much work. Principals should avail adequate working tools.


Gain and noise saturation spectra of quantum-dash optical amplifiers were measured to be asymmetric due to the inhomogeneous gain and their quantum wire like nature. Direct measurement of the homogeneously broadened gain bandwidth yields 15 nm.


The crack behavior of Si-doped GaAs crystals produced by a novel pulling-down method was investigated. Some cracks were observed in the crystal tail part and no twins or polycrystals were observed. The cracking mechanism was discussed considering the growth parameters, such as the pulling-down rate, annealing time and cooling speed of the furnace. The crystal was easily broken if the cooling rate was too fast. To avoid cracking, the temperature profile and the growth parameters had been optimized. The cleavage property of the GaAs crystal was strongly related to its atomic arrangement and corresponding electron density map. Ultrasonic vibration or mechanical machine would make the crystal cleaved along (110) plane. GaAs crystal displayed a strong anisotropic crack property under the force of microindentation test.


Two‐dimensional (2-D) reconstructions of the near‐borehole slowness field are computed using arrival times of refracted borehole sonic arrivals. First‐arrival traveltimes, derived from both computer simulations and field data from full‐waveform sonic tools, were inverted for the near‐borehole formation slowness both axially along the borehole and radially away from the borehole. The inversion is nonlinear; the solution is obtained by means of a series of linear inversions followed by provisional ray tracings. Each iteration involves the application of a tomographic reconstruction algorithm similar to those used in seismic crosswell tomography or medical imaging applications. The technique was demonstrated using ray‐theoretic examples to simulate radial variations in slowness. In addition, full‐waveforms were generated using two‐and‐a‐half‐dimensional (2.5-D) FDM computer models. The finite‐difference method (FDM) computer models were used to test the validity of the ray‐theoretic approximation used in the...


The most recent views on the origin of the Windmill Hill culture have been set out by Mr Stuart Piggott in the last Proceedings of this Society. The point he stresses significantly is that the origin of the Windmill Hill, or Neolithic A culture cannot any longer be regarded as a single one; already in the earlier, A1 phase, there are at least two distinct elements present, which when combined and influenced by the Peterborough culture produced the later A2 phase. He is willing tentatively to accept the possibility of the close relationship that I suggested last year between the A1 element represented by the plain, baggy pots of the lowest levels at the type station, Hembury, and elsewhere, and the néolithique ancien, or Cortaillod culture, of the Swiss Lakes. The second element is represented by carinated bowls of his form D and G with lip diameter greater than that of the shoulder, but apparently by nothing else. If it is agreed to accept a distinct origin for the simple 'baggy' A1 pottery, which carries with it the associated interrupted ditch camps and antler combs, the D–G bowls are clearly left alone. Piggott demonstrates how these bowls can be derived by an admirable typological sequence directly from the tulip-beaker of the well-known Michelsberg culture centred on Switzerland and the Rhine. The tulip-beaker grows more sharply shouldered and shallower, and, therefore, more nearly conforming to the D–G bowls as one passes down the Rhine from south to north. But for this typological and geographical series Piggott claims absolutely no chronological significance. Surely such a denial must make the whole story meaningless ? Either the low carinated form developed from the tall tulip-beaker as the culture extended northwards and is therefore appreciably later in beginning than the tall form, although this persisted along side it, or else it did not, and the two forms need have no connection with one another–a reductio ad absurdum.


In order to study the impact of the parameters of the speed-adjustable asynchronous dish type of magnetic coupling on torque,a three-dimensional magnetic field numerical calculation was carried out using finite element method,and a three-dimensional magnetic field distribution of air gap of magnetic coupling under static and transient state were resulted in.Moreover,the key parameters were analyzed,such as the length of the air gap,the thickness of the permanent magnet,the number of magnetic poles,the number of the slots and the slot depth on clutch plate,the drive wheel speed and so on,which affect the torque of the magnetic coupling.The results indicate that the maximum torque is about 20N·m when its outside dimensions are determined.The number of magnetic poles is18,slots 16,and the slot depth 15mm.In addition,the torque of the magnetic coupling will be brought down with the increase of the air gap length.In a certain range,with the increase of poles of the magnetic coupling,the number and the depth of the slots on clutch plate,the torque will increase.But when it increased to a certain extent,the torque will decrease although the poles of the magnetic coupling,the number and the depth of the slots on clutch plate continue to increase,and particularly the number of the slots must not be equal to the poles.The torque increases firstly and then decreases with increasing the speed of the drive wheel,and its curve is similar to the mechanical characteristic curve of motor,and it can provide a basis for choosing appropriate motor speeds and modulating the speed of the magnetic coupling.


Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is an excellent option for the future energy supply because it provides outstanding promise in delivering a low-cost, easy manufacturability. For a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of the DSSCs, the modelling and simulation are required. In this paper, the development of a MatLab code is presented which is able to calculate the photogeneration rate in function of the cell thickness. The operation of the code is illustrated through an example, two different DSSCs were used for, proving and providing that the code works. The MatLab code is based on different equations of photo electrochemical in the Dye Sensitized Solar Cell. Based on solving the photogeneration rate, the model uses the numerical finite-element method. In accordance with the studied literature, the presented code has not been used before. The results also highlight that the photogeneration rate in function of the cell thickness of the cell depends on the optical parameters of the sensitized dye.


In this Master's Thesis we explore enhanced depth estimation in light fields acquired with microscopes. We propose a neural network architecture for the production of novel angular views. We evaluate the performance of our method by comparing the precision of depth estimation in the HCI Light Field Benchmark of its state of the art algorithm when receiving regular vs. upsampled light fields. We demonstrate reductions in the error of depth estimation by up to 12-35 percentage points. Complementarily, we present an approach to increase angular resolution in light field microscopy by providing optical sectioning of the sample with light sheets from a digital micromirror device. We also present a Fourier optics model of pattern projection from the DMD to the sample by a tube lens and a microscope objective.


China has a very high tuberculosis (TB) burden. The interferon‐gamma release assay (IGRA) is more specific for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) than the tuberculin skin test, especially among populations with a high degree of coverage by the BCG vaccine.


David D. Pope, PharmD, CDE and editor in chief of CreativePharmacist.com, has developed another online tool to help pharmacists work with the overall healthcare of their patients.


This paper presents a formal methodology and a set of design and programming tools for the development of concurrently communicating systems that execute in distributed computing environments. In order to solve the complex problems of synchronization and communication between dynamically distributed tasks, the distributed programming system uses an internal process-algebra-based mechanism, and provides an algebra term generator that allows the user to define the task architecture through a simple graphical inter face. An example of the design process of a heterogeneous distributed system illustrates the main phases of creating and executing a cbncurrent task system, as well as the architecture of the programming environment presented in the paper.


The long-term program aimed at selection of a site for a deep repository was initiated in Finland in 1983. This program has come to end in 2001 and a new phase aimed at implementation of the geological disposal of spent fuel has been started. In this new phase the first milestone is the application for a construction license for the disposal facility around 2010. To fulfill the needs for detailed design of the disposal system, an underground rock characterization facility (URCF) will be constructed at the representative depth at Olkiluoto. The excavation of this facility will start the work for underground characterization, testing and demonstration, which is planned to be a continuous activity throughout the whole life cycle of the deep repository. The overall objectives for the underground site characterization are (1) verification of the present conclusions on site suitability, (2) definition and identification of suitable rock volumes for repository space and (3) characterization of planned host rock for detailed design, safety assessment and construction planning. The objective for verification aims at assessing that the Olkiluoto site meets the basic criteria for long-term safety and as well the basic requirements for construction and thus justifies the site selection. The two other main objectives are closely related to design of the repository and assessing the long-term safety of the site-specific disposal system. The most important objective of ONKALO should allow an in-depth investigation of the geological environment and to provide the opportunity to allow validation of models at more appropriate scales and conditions than can be achieved from the surface. In some areas, such as in demonstrating operational safety, in acquiring geological information at a repository scale and in constructional and operational feasibility, the ONKALO will provide the only reliable source of in situ data. The depth range envisaged for URCF called ONKALO is between 400 and 600 m. The location and underground geometry of access ramp is of significance. Development of ONKALO will begin in 2003 and it consists of surface facilities, access ramp and vertical shaft to the depth of 500 meters and characterization and demonstration facilities. Total volume of the ONKALO underground facilities is approximately 250 000 m3. The development will be completed around 2010. The reconciliation of construction and investigations plays an important role through the project. Other major issues will be the management of groundwater conditions, workplace safety and documentation of the work.


Introduction T his paper supports content-based foreign language instruction in the hospitality field. The authors present models for innovative instructional design using the Internet in cross-curricular language activities that will be of interest and practical use for instructors and students. At the same time the authors summarize several crucial didactic considerations for effectively preparing lessons and using Web sites in language courses offered at hospitality schools or in hospitality departments.


Although the NiO nanostructures potentially hold outstanding electrochemical activity in theory, dual enhancements in both electrical conductivity and electrolyte transport are two challenging issues for designing high performance electrodes. In this work, hierarchical porous Ni/NiO core–shells are synthesized. The interconnected Ni skeletons with favorable electrical conductivity are uniformly covered by the continuous NiO scarfskins that hold both high energy storage capacity and efficient catalysis. The hierarchical porous Ni/NiO electrode exhibits superior pseudo-capacitive performance evidenced by an areal capacitance up to 255 mF cm−2. Meanwhile, this conductive electrode also exhibits electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation with a sensitivity of 4.49 mA mM−1 cm−2 and a reliable detection limit of 10 μM. On the other hand, hierarchical porosities enhance the effective transport of electrolytes and ions within the interconnected porous channels, making dramatic contributions to a superior storage stability of 4000 cycles and prompt an amperometric response time of 1.5 s. These concepts of the hierarchical metal–metal oxide core–shell open an avenue to design high-performance materials for energy storage and electrochemical catalysis.


With the development of knowledge-based economy after the opening-up and reform,educational development in China shows some economic features which consist of defining education by economic nature,guiding education by economic development concepts,evaluating education by the realization of economic goals,and developing education by the economic development mode.In the basic education,the "economism"reveals its features as follows: examination results become the only evaluation criterion of students,so"score"has become the"GDP"of educational development;due to the pursuit of economic interests,schools'improper charges still cannot be prohibited;the government has conducted a major adjustment of rural school layout in order to pursue "economies of scale".In higher education,the"economism" shows its features as follows: market-oriented "academic capitalism"has eroded the spirit of university;the enrollment of universities has massively expanded to promote economic growth;the mode of"project"has been spread to trigger"education foam".In the vocational education,the"economism"is reflected in its features as follows: the"career-oriented"education has led to the one-sided development of students;the profit-driven tendency has brought about the loss of schools' educational bottom line;the "Great Leap Forward"expansion of enrollment has caused the decline of education quality.The "economism"of education development will easity make education go to the utilitarianism and industrialization and lose public property and humanistic idea.Under the guidance of scientific outlook of development,it is crucial to keep rational and vigilant to"economism",and promote education to return to the real self.


Currently, one of the unsolved problems in obstetrics and gynecology is placental insufficiency. The pathogenesis of this complication is not fully understood. However, in recent years a number of studies point to an infectious factor as a trigger for the development of this pathology. In view of this fact is of great interest role in the development of placental insufficiency is congenital immunity. On the basis ofcomplaints, clinics and additional diagnostic methods, we surveyed all pregnant women (n = 200) were divided into 3 groups: Group I included women with placentalinsufficiency, and genital infection (n = 163), in the II group consisted of pregnant women with placental insufficiency without genital infection (n = 17) and III of thecontrol group were apparently healthy pregnant women (n = 20).


Mechanism, function and capacity of Photosystem 1 (PS1) driven cyclic electron transfer, and newly acquired evidence for redox poise controled trimerization of PS1 will be presented. Of the total light an estimated meager 4% may be processed through PS1 cyclic in chloroplasts, in cyanobacteria this number is flexible and can become raised to over 20% if external stress requires faster turnover of ATP. Evidence for existence of at least three different pathways for PS1 cyclic in Synechocystis PCC6803 will be presented. A NDH1 catalysed route is the major constitutive one, another route proceeds via ferredoxin-quinone reductase, whereas a third (and fourth?) route are inducible. These additional pathways have been identified after shock-exposure of a Synechocystis culture to high salt. Evidence will be presented that the third route relies on increased expression of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR). This enzyme which is known as catalyst for the final step of linear photosynthetic electron transfer, likely acts in PS1 cyclic flow in cyanobacteria through an extended aminoterminal domain. The extension is especially present in cyanobacteria, not in the chloroplast homologue of FNR. De novo FNR synthesis serves PS1 cyclic, as the extension provides for membrane attachment. A pest domain prompts cleavage of the extension to arrive at FNR for its classical function. By coincidence we have noticed that reduced conditions during culture of several cyanobacteria (including Synechocystis PCC6803) may give rise to fluorescence emission from PS1 at 755 nm. The signal was till present known in the cyanobacteria Spirulina only.


An apparatus is described that implements a method for browsing through radio-television services, each of said radio-television services belonging to a respective broadcaster from among a plurality of broadcasters, and being contained in a respective broadcasting multiplex among a plurality of broadcasting multiplexes, said method comprising the steps of identifying for each radio-television service to which broadcaster and/or to which multiplex of the plurality of broadcasters and/or broadcasting multiplexes belong, selecting a service by way of selection means from among the plurality of receivable services and sequentially selecting through the selection means radio-television services belonging to the same broadcaster, or to the same multiplex, of the selected radio-television service.


Background: Zinc (Zn) and Selenium (Se) are trace minerals that have high anti-cancer and chemopreventive properties. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the serum levels of both elements in women with breast cancer (BC) compared with control group and the correlation of them with risk factors of BC. Methods: In a case-control study, 142 women with BC and 158 healthy controls, aged 19 to 88 years, were selected. Both groups did not use any type of supplement 3 months before participation in the study; there was no history of chronic kidney or liver disease or malabsorption disorders among the participants and body mass index was between 18.5 and 30 based on Quetelet index. The Se by graphite furnace and Zn by flame were atomized and the amount of each of 2 elements was measured and recorded by the Absorption device. Results: The mean Zn was 689.57 ± 146.13 mg/dL in the patient group and 874.85 ± 150.53 mg/dL in the control group (P < 0.001). Also, the mean Se was 101.24 ± 17.27 mg/dL in the patient group and 115.36 ± 13.31 mg/dL in the control group (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between Se level with stage in patients; therefore, the Se level was lower in metastatic stage compared with 2 other stages (P = 0.028). Conclusions: Decreasing the serum levels of Se and Zn may be the risk factors for BC. It seems that adding micronutrients of Zn and Se in patients with low serum levels may reduce the risk of BC.


The tropical region is typically warm to hot and moist year-round with lush vegetation thus is favourable for horticultural diversity. The horticulture sector has shown remarkable progress in production and the shift in consumption patterns towards healthier diets within the principles of sustainability. Plantation crops are major contributors to the farm income and livelihoods of millions of people in the tropical region, while fruits and vegetables have direct roles in improved health through their micronutrient and antioxidants properties. Tuber and root vegetables are staple diets for indigenous tribes and one cannot imagine tribal life without coconut. Plantations crops and spices bring additional farm income and add flavour to foods and life. Medicinal plants have huge potential in the modern pharmaceutical and functional food industries. Research and development efforts have made horticulture an indispensable option for livelihood and nutrition, however, there are several issues which need timely attention for sustainable development.


The invention relates to a method for embedding lactic acid bacteria by adopting Maillard product as wall material and belongs to the technical field of protection of lactic acid bacteria. The method comprises the following steps: after complete dissolution of protein and a carbohydrate, reacting for 30-60 min at the temperature of 60-90 DEG C so that the mixed solution is tawny, then dispersing a lactic acid bacteria concentrated solution in the mixed solution, and carrying out spray drying to obtain bacterial powder with relatively good stability of lactic acid bacteria, wherein protein is selected from casein, whey protein, soybean protein, egg white protein or a protolysate; and the carbohydrate consists of reducing sugar and prebiotic sugar which have equal weight ratio. According to the invention, the embedded lactic acid bacteria powder can effectively improve the survival rate of lactic acid bacteria in the spray drying process, the storage period and the human digestive tract, and is easy to implement and low in cost.


We have examined impacts of gate insulator (Al2O3 or HfO2) and gate electrode (TiN or W) on electrical performance of ZnSnO/Si bilayer tunneling fieldeffect transistors (TFETs). It is found from the capacitance-voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) characteristics that the W gate is effective to reduce the counter-clockwise hysteresis. Additionally, the optimal temperature of post-metallization annealing (PMA) is different for each gate stack, and this optimization is critically important for the high ON-state current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{\mathrm{ ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and steep ON/OFF switching. The W/Al2O3/ZnSnO/Si bilayer TFET provides the hysteresis-free steep ON/OFF switching with the minimum sub-threshold swing (<italic>SS</italic>) of 65.4 mV/dec. and average <italic>SS</italic> of 72.0 mV/dec. in a gate-voltage swing of 0.3 V, which are 19% and 18% lower than the control TiN/Al2O3/ZnSnO/Si bilayer TFET. When the gate stack is replaced by W/HfO2/Al2O3, the TFET exhibits less steep ON/OFF switching in spite of thinning capacitance equivalent thickness (CET) from 5.9 and 2.3 nm. These results indicate the importance of improvement in the gate stack quality on the sub-threshold characteristics of the bilayer TFETs.


Automatically verified according to the content analysis process of PDR is, PDR analyzes the content reference identifier (CRID) identifying a content item using the analysis permissions record (RAR) to obtain a locator identifying a location to obtain a content item to provide the confidence that you can do. Preferably, the means comprises the step of calculating a digital signature over at least a portion of the CRID, the locator and / or the content of the RAR. The method also may include the step of encrypting at least the data portion of the CRID, RAR and the locator. Digital rights needed to access the content item can be shipped with CRID, RAR or locator.


Natural gas combi boilers are one of the most common branches of the household goods used for space and domestic hot water (DHW) heating. Although most of the combi boilers in the market have reached considerably high space heating efficiency values via condensing technology, there is still a huge demand on increasing their DHW comfort level and efficiency. Broad definition of the comfort level in the combi boilers is the expectation of an end-user to have hot water in a very short time and without fluctuations. DHW expectancy differs from market to market, therefore resulting in wide product diversity and a challenging competition between the manufacturers. The present study has mainly focused on the investigation of one of the parameters which are particularly effective on the DHW comfort level. As the first step, 1D mathematical model is constructed for DHW function with the transient energy equations of the concerning components. The differential energy equations of the model are discretized implicitly with Finite Difference Scheme in order to solve them numerically in Matlab. Boundary and initial conditions are defined as closely as possible to the exact working conditions. Thermodynamic properties of the flue gas mixture and water are obtained via open source software Cantera [1]. Then, the numerical results are compared with the experimental data to validate the model. After obtaining a model for basic applications and rough results to estimate the behavior of an appliance, one of the software parameters affecting the comfort level of the end-users, late ignition time is investigated numerically.


OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The central aim of the study is to examine the effect of a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on hemodynamic, cardiometabolic, and inflammatory markers in advanced heart failure patients with implanted hemodynamic monitoring devices. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This pilot study will employ a clinical feeding trial using a 1-group pre-post test design with an anticipated sample size of n=36 (n=20 plus 44% expected attrition). Heart failure patients 18+ years of age with English language literacy, classified as NYHA functional stage III, regardless of ventricular ejection fraction, who have undergone CardioMEMS™ hemodynamic monitoring device (St. Jude Medical, Atlanta, GA, USA) implantation and have received optimized heart failure therapy for 3+ months will be recruited at Piedmont Athens Regional Hospital in Athens, GA. The study is divided in (a) a calibration (self-selected diet) and (b) a DASH feeding intervention phase (each 21 days in length). The DASH meals will strictly follow meal planning guidelines published by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, and be prepared under the supervision of a registered dietitian at the University Health Center in Athens, GA. The DASH diet is a heart-healthy eating pattern that is focused on adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, fish, poultry, beans, nuts, and vegetables oils while emphasizing limited intake of foods containing saturated fat, such as fatty red meats, full-fat dairy products, and tropical oils, such as coconut, palm kernel, and palm oils, as well as sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets. Participants will visit the University of Georgia Clinical and Translational Research Unit on 3 occasions at baseline, upon completion of the calibration phase, and following completion of the intervention phase for repeated collection of anthropometric (height, weight, waist and hip circumference, percent body fatness), cardiometabolic (blood pressure, blood glucose, HbA1C, lipid panel, basic metabolic panel, BNP, NT-proBNP, troponin 1, MR-proADM, sST2), functional status (6-min walk test), inflammatory (IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, TNF-a), and self-reported measures (demographic and economic characteristics, health, chronic diseases, perceived stress, heart failure-related quality of life, social support, sleep quality, food insecurity, tobacco smoking status, healthcare utilization, medication adherence). Hemodynamic marker (pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate) and pharmacotherapy information (medication count, type, strength, and dosing) will be obtained from through retrospective assessment of EHR data. Descriptive statistics [percentage, mean (SD), median (IQR), mode, range] will be used to describe sample characteristics at each of the study visits, as well as characteristics of participants' self-selected diets during the calibration phase. To measure changes in hemodynamic, cardiometabolic, and inflammatory markers pre-post DASH diet intervention, we will use paired Student t-tests (normal distribution) or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (non-normal distribution), as appropriate. Data collection will be carried out between February and November 2018. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The study builds upon previous studies showing improvement of ventricular function, arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, and blood pressure after short-term consumption of a sodium-restricted DASH diet in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction, and will provide new information on the cumulative effect of short-term adherence with a DASH diet on indicators of heart failure complications, including hemodynamic, cardiometabolic, and inflammatory markers. In addition, it will give better insight on heart failure patients' habitual dietary intake in the context of other sociodemographic, economic, health, and social factors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Findings from the proposed study will provide key knowledge of dietary influences on ventricular function in order to define evidence-based diet therapy needed for the early prevention of HF complications in advanced heart failure patients.


Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is an advanced and non-invasive technique. Spectroscopic imaging or chemical shift imaging the data is converted as an image with the signal intensity representing the particular metabolites and its concentration. To assess the efficacy of Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in characterizing the intracranial tumors, comparing single voxel and multi voxel 1H MR Spectroscopy. Material and Methods: MRI findings suggestive of intra-cranial tumors were selected for the study and both single voxel and multi voxel MRS were done. Results: Out of the total number of patients examined using single and multi voxel MRS, false peak values were more when using single voxel MR spectroscopy than when using multi voxel MR spectroscopy. Conclusions: The use of multi voxel spectroscopy gave accurate analysis of the region of interest (ROI) in cases which may involve a tumor associated with hemorrhage / calcification / necrosis. While single voxel MRS, the operation is faster and easier, when compared to that of multi voxel MRS.


Prof. Dr. Ricardo Erthal Santelli has a degree in Pharmacy from the Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, BR (1972), a master's degree in Inorganic Analytical Chemistry from the Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR (1978), a doctorate in Inorganic Analytical Chemistry from the same institution (1985), and a postdoctoral degree from the University of Córdoba, Spain (1988). He was a full professor of Environmental Geochemistry at the Federal Fluminense University from 1994 until 2010 when he retired. He is currently Full Professor at the Institute of Chemistry at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, BR. He works mainly with the development of spectrometric and chromatographic methods, continuous flow injection analysis, and speciation analysis. He develops research mainly on automation in analytical chemistry, environmental geochemistry, and analytical techniques applied to environmental problems. Prof. Santelli has more than 140 scientific articles published in international journals, with more than 5800 citations and an H-index of 32 in addition to several chapters in international books. He has supervised more than 30 master's and 15 doctoral students. In the editorial field, Prof. Santelli is currently a member of the Editorial Board of the Brazilian Journal of Analytical Chemistry.


In recent years, the use of photovoltaic cells has seen a massive surge. Spacecrafts such as the Europa Clipper, the International Space Station (ISS), and a number of satellites rely heavily on Solar Energy for their functionality and power consumption. For these spacecrafts, it is necessary to be under a precise total mass requirement. The weight and volume of Solar Cells has been of paramount concerns. It is critical for Solar Cells to have a good quantum efficiency such that it absorbs the maximum amount of solar irradiance. For this purpose, the use of multi-junction solar cells is ideal as they give a decent spread of the solar irradiance. Triple Junction cells have been proven to be easier to grow than higher multi junction cells and are more efficient than single junction cells [1]. InGaP/GaAs/Ge multi junction model is proposed to reduce the size of the solar cells without much loss in overall power generation and efficiency. This model was simulated and there were a number of cases that were tested. The thickness of the base layers, the doping concentration of the Tunnel Junctions of the cell, and the width of the overall cell were varied to see their effect on the efficiency. Changing these parameters does not affect the overall efficiency a lot; however, the single simulated device will be replicated and connected together multiple times when used. This was done by simulating the structure on Crosslight TCAD software. The simulations were done to test out the efficiency for the Europa Clipper in space close to Jupiter under AM0. To take this into account, the spectrum at Jupiter was used by the help of some Physics which has been discussed. Intensity decreases dramatically when near Jupiter compared to the intensity on Earth. Furthermore, due to very low temperatures close to 0K in space, the bandgap of the layers used increase. All these factors coupled together have a major impact on the device performance. The results obtained from the simulation have been shown in the results section of the paper.


Background: Stoma surgeries are increasing in Sweden each year. Colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, and trauma are some conditions that might lead to an ostomy. Having an ostomy could b ...


In this study, the burning profiles of seven lignite samples from Amynteo lignite mine, Northern Greece, were obtained using a thermogravimetry technique. The differentiation in the thermal behavior of the samples was investigated using DTG curves. The influence of inorganic constituents (expressed as major oxides content) was evaluated by correlate the major oxides content with burnout time and maximum weight loss rate. Samples from the intermediate lignite beds show a differentiation in their thermal behavior, related to the low sulfur and inorganic constituents content and attributable to their decreased thermal stability. There is a critical value of burnout time when correlate the sum of major oxides with burnout time. The inorganic content has a diverse relationship with burnout time beyond this critical value.


Resources for faculty who are examining issues of racial justice in the group called "Just Think ." Systemic bias toward white persons.


Dear Editor, Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies to minimize nosocomial transmission have taken center-stage. There are increasing reports documenting the high infection rates in healthcare workers (HCWs). A recent finding was that hospital administrative personnel showed higher infection rates than frontline HCWs, indicating the inadequacy of IPC trainings for administrative staff. Furthermore, Chu et al revealed that over 70% of nosocomial infections occurred in HCWs not assigned to frontline departments during the epidemic. Shortages in personal protective equipment (PPE) could have led to this, but we wanted to investigate if the lack of awareness regarding IPC practices in nonfrontline HCWs was also a contributing factor. In China, most hospitals routinely conduct IPC trainings for HCWs, but it is difficult to evaluate whether these trainings adequately prepare staff to respond to emergencies. Therefore, we conducted a survey to investigate if HCWs were sufficiently knowledgeable about IPC practices and adequately trained in emergency pandemic response. In April 2020, 236 self-administered questionnaires (Appendix S1) were distributed to eight hospitals designated for managing COVID19 patients in Hubei Province, China. The questionnaire surveyed the knowledge of HCWs, training frequency, and adherence to IPC policies under different settings: preoutbreak, postoutbreak/prefrontline deployment, and postfrontline deployment. Individual scores were recorded on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 indicating superior knowledge and compliance. We also asked participants which setting from among simulations, tests, self-study, training videos, practical experience, and didactic lectures, provided the most useful training for an emergency pandemic response. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS using paired t test and Tamhane T2 test (P < .05). 197 HCWs (response rate 83.5%) from different nonfrontline departments (Dermatology-27.9%; Surgery-22.8%; Internal Medicine20.8%; etc.) completed the questionnaire (Table 1). Between late December 2019, and early April 2020, IPC trainings were organized more than twice as frequently as usual (6.34 ± 5.02 vs 2.67 ± 2.41, P < .001); or every 14.20 days. Compliance with and knowledge of IPC practices improved significantly postoutbreak (total score, 72.06 ± 11.17) compared with preoutbreak (63.72 ± 13.44), and after working at the frontline (77.07 ± 5.36). These trends were observed to varying degrees across all the categories of IPC policies and procedures (Figure 1). Of note, the biggest improvement in scores was in knowledge regarding the correct donning and doffing procedures for PPE (A: 1.86; 95%CI, 1.30-2.41; P < .001. B: 0.91; 95%CI, 0.58-1.25; P < .001). In addition, the majority of HCWs (30%) considered field experience to be the most beneficial form of training among the various training settings. However, traditional forms of IPC training, such as didactic lectures (5%) and written tests (14%) were not deemed to be very useful by the HCWs (Figure 2). In response to the outbreak, healthcare facilities in China are actively conducting IPC trainings of staff to ensure robust compliance with policies, therefore contributing to the enhancement of postoutbreak IPC awareness. Our study suggested that nonfrontline HCWs' knowledge regarding proper use of PPE and protocols for quarantine and isolation zones need further improvement. In the future, nonfrontline HCWs should be trained adequately in relevant knowledge and skills, such that they may safely engage in clinical duties during current and future pandemics. Though the retrospective and subjective nature of our study are its limitations, we learned some important insights. Practical experience at the frontlines resulted in significant improvements in knowledge regarding prevention strategies, highlighting the benefit of clinical practice in raising awareness. Furthermore, HCWs reported practical experience to be of great


patients in children and adolescents(under 20 years) who had undergone discectomy and followed in a long-term were analysed. Follow-up time was 8 years on an average and the satisfaction rate with surgery was 93 per cent. The object was observing distingushed characteristic in the etiology;symptom,sings and treatment of the adolescent patients comparing with adults. The authors consider that trauma is the chief cause of adolescent lumbar disc herniation. The young patients rarely show neurologic findings of motor,sensory and reflex deficit. It is important that physicians shouldn' t over -emphasize the conservative therapy and discectomy also can achieve good result in young patients.Author' s address (Dept Orthop The Third Affiliated Hosprtal,Hebei Medical University,050051)


The aim of the project is to investigate how the conditions of the PVD influence the microstructure and behaviour of multi-layered TiAlN/TiN coatings. The multilayered samples evaporated at low (1 ...


Systems in which magnetic ordering is suppressed to low temperatures due to competing interactions have attracted much attention in recent years. In Co1/3NbS2, the cobalt atoms are intercalated within the layered structure of the parent compound 2H-NbS2, forming the triangular lattice between NbS2 layers. At ambient pressure, spins on the Co atoms show antiferromagnetic ordering at 26 K, with ferromagnetic chains formed along one plane direction. Hydrostatic pressure suppresses the ordering at a rate of dTN/dp = 1.2 K/kbar.[1] Recent investigations indicate the occurrence of a quantum critical point at p = 2.6 GPa, as well as non-monotonous pressure dependence of the Kondo-type behavior. The ordering mechanism is not fully understood yet, although the competition of super-exchange and RKKY interactions are natural candidates. Notably, ordering takes place within the metallic host, and the possibility exists that the suppression of the ordering proceeds via the Doniach mechanism in which the magnetic moment is screened by the conducting electrons. In this contribution we present an extensive set of measurements characterizing the transport properties of Co1/3NbS2 under pressure. We also touch upon the high-pressure facilities that are currently being developed in our laboratory. Future direction of investigation will be highlighted, as well as other ways to affect magnetic subsystems. The possible role of NMR in helping to resolve the mysteries of this, and related systems, will also be discussed. [1] N. Barisic, et al., Phys. Rev. B, accepted.


Resistant responses to cyst nematode infection can take several different forms at a cytological level. We recently identified several new sources of resistance to Globodera pallida, including one derived from S. canasense Hawkes. Here we examine invasion, migration, syncytium formation and development of G. pallida on this source as compared with a susceptible cultivar (Desiree). Nematodes located roots of both resistant and susceptible plants, and invasion, migration and syncytium development occurred as expected on cv. Desiree roots. By contrast, second-stage juveniles (J2) invading S. canasense roots rarely induced a functional syncytium. The few syncytia that were induced were markedly smaller than those observed in cv. Desiree roots at the same timepoint, although they did contain the enlarged nuclei characteristic of 'normal' syncytia. No evidence for a necrotic response to the nematode or a developing syncytium was observed in S. canasense roots that did not support syncytia. Second-stage juveniles were observed at the surface of these roots suggesting that the nematodes were either unable to invade S. canasense roots or, as is the case for other resistance sources, that the J2 left the root soon after invasion. The possibility that glycoalkaloids play a role in the resistance of S. canasense to G. pallida is discussed.


This paper considers the importance of providing technical training opportunities for Early Career Researchers (ECRs) worldwide through the case study of a MATLAB training programme, which was proposed, organised, managed and evaluated by a team of five ECRs at the University of Southampton. The effectiveness of the programme in terms of the improvement in technical competency and the encouragement of interdisciplinary collaboration between the ECRs receiving this training was evaluated using measures relating to levels 1 (Reaction), 2 (Learning) and 3 (Behaviour) of the Rugby Team Impact Framework evaluation model. Overall reaction to the training course was extremely positive and data from pre- and post-course surveys suggest a positive change in the long-term behaviour of delegates. The ECRs who organised this project gained valuable experience in team working, grant writing, project management and the development of teaching materials. Details of the organisation and evaluation of the course are presented.


This article aims to describe the socio-cultural value of Halmahera woman, known as Moyooka, in rural household livelihood. This research conducted in North Halmahera District, North Maluku Province of Indonesia. Qualitative method and case study approaches were used to examine the role of Halmahera woman in sustaining rural household livelihood through the case of Boeng and Huboto tribes, located in Tunuo and Pitu Village. In-depth interviews, observation, and document studies were used during data collection process. The triangulation technique was used in data processing through Nvivo 12 Plus to guarantee the validity of the information. This research shows that the cultural symbol, art, and material of Moyooka influence the social structure and functions which in turn determine the rural household livelihood. In the context of Moyooka, rural household livelihood supported by socio-cultural value through the availability, mobility, and capability of access to resources. In addition, vulnerability context such as shocks (Covid-19 epidemic) and trends (fluctuation in the price of staples) also determines the rural livelihood security in the agriculture and tourism sector.


We report some improvements made in molecular beam epitaxial growth of Al x Ga 1-x As/GaAs high-radiance LED's for optical communications. These improvements have been achieved by growing these wafers in a system which includes an air-lock wafer-exchange chamber. Interfacial recombination velocity as low as 6 \times 10^{2} cm/s was obtained. The series resistance of the Burrus-type LED's was reduced by increasing the acceptor concentrations in the p-layers to a density as high as 1019cm-3using Be as the dopant. CW output of 5.8 mW, or a radiance of 92 W/sr. cm2, at a safe operating current of 150 mA has been obtained in these devices. The device performance is comparable to the best obtained in LPE-grown diodes of the same geometry.


The CRASH3 damage algorithm is widely accepted as being reasonably accurate in the field of accident reconstruction; however, there have been very few objective validation studies completed. The basis of the algorithm is Newton's Third Law of Motion, which in essence states that forces between interacting bodies are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, and collinear. Therefore, the forces should be theoretically equal and opposite when applying the damage algorithm. By applying the force balance method in determination of crush stiffness coefficients, the CRASH3 algorithm is forced to comply with its own derivation and should produce the most accurate result possible for the provided input. The purpose of this paper is to examine the results of the application of the force balance method in determination of stiffness coefficients (and therefore Delta V) in real car-car tests and Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards side-impact tests (FMVSS 214).


In the European FP7 research project BEAMS (Building Energy Advanced Management System), an advanced and integrated Facility Management System with decentralized hierarchical structure is developed. The system is designed to enhance energy efficiency of facilities and infrastructures of public use and to enable them to provide local and smart grid related energy services by intelligent control and shifting of electric loads and generators (subsystems). Part of the BEAMS system is the so called "interoperability gateway" for monitoring and control of local subsystems. The document at hand presents the development and implementation of the first interoperability gateway prototype as well as an algorithm for scheduling of multiple storage-equipped loads considering boundary conditions as preset operation constraints and peak load limits. The BEAMS system is currently being tested at two sites, namely the campus of the University of Salento, Lecce, Italy and the sporting facility "Camp Nou" of the Futbol Club Barcelona, Spain.


Each of us approached the topic from our own unique perspectives of ERM; some of us discuss one area of ERM and what might happen at their library, and others discuss ERM predictions in general for their libraries. I think you will find many commonalities shared by my colleagues in their column sections and evident with ERM work at your libraries, starting now and in the future. As I did for the June 2015 joint column, I first give a brief introduction to each column contributor below (in alphabetical order by first name) and a summary of their topic. Thank you to all of my colleagues for their interesting and thoughtful insights! Enjoy, everyone.


Aim:  The aim of the present study was to investigate whether amount of hemorrhage during a vaginal delivery associates with the cervical length, length from the placental edge to the os and the sum of the two in cases with a low‐lying placenta.


[Objective]To discuss the relationship between analgesic effects of ketamine and opioid receptor.[Methods]120 mice were randomly divided into two groups:hot-plate group and writhing test group,and each group was further divided into control group and ketamine group with 10 mice in each subgroup. The control group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of normal saline and different concentrations of naloxone respectively. The ketamine group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg ketamine,5 minutes later,the mice were respectively injected with normal saline and different concentrations of naloxone. The effects of intraperitoneal injection of naloxone on the HPPT(pain threshold in hot plate test)and writhing times were observed.[Results]The intraperitoneal injection of naloxone had no significant effect on the writhing times of the mice injected with ketamine(P﹥0.01),but could decrease the HPPT(P﹤0.01).[Conclusions]The analgesic effect of ketamine to thermal stimulation has effect on opioid receptor,while the analgesic effect to chemical stimulation has little effect on opioid receptor.


Nowadays, cross-docking is one of the main concepts in supply chain management in which products received to a distribution center by inbound trucks which are directly to lead into outbound trucks with a minimum handling and storage costs as the main cost of a cross-docking system. According to the literature, several metaheuristics and heuristics are attempted to solve this optimization model. In this regard, this study utilizes three recent nature-inspired metaheuristics among the first studies in this area. Red Deer Algorithm (RDA), Virus Colony Search (VCS) and Water Wave Optimization (WWO) are three novel nature-inspired algorithms proposed recently to employ their applications in engineering problems. The used algorithm's parameters were selected by Taguchi method to enhance the efficiency of algorithms. The outputs of the proposed algorithms are assessed with each other in different criteria along with statistical analyses and the results yielded by prior works. The results demonstrate that RDA showed a competitive performance compared with mixed other existing algorithms.


The frequency domain identification of a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) sensor using the techniques and signals of multifrequency binary testing (MBT) is described in the paper. Commencing from a brief but necessary outline of haemodialysis prescription in the human patient, the paper presents the mathematical model of the BUN sensor used in simulation tests. The paper concludes with the experimental results of the frequency response measurements of a BUN sensor, which are obtained from real-time, real component MBT of the BUN sensor. >


The ongoing trend towards miniaturization, higher integration as well as towards more cost efficiency will make it necessary to investigate a new assembly method for micro components. In this paper a novel method of fluidic-based micro assembly is presented. A selfassembly effect which is caused by the predominant surface tension and structured surfaces is used to position droplets and to align microchips. Results from numerical analysis and simulations were evaluated and completed by experiments made in cooperation between the IFF-MST University of Stuttgart and the Fraunhofer IPA.


Cell signal transduction theory exceedingly changes cell biology concepts and finds more and more new mechanisms and new methods of the study in cell biology. In the process of its formation and progress, it transplants and grafts new principle and new methods of informatics. Furthermore it promotes human beings to make more clear with the complicated life system. The transplantation research on life phenomena and rules has lain a good foundation and accelerated the coming of biologic electronics and biologic informatics era.


ABSTRACT Increased marketisation and competition has renewed interest in how universities can partner, or co-create, with students. To address this, and further conceptualise a model of co-creation across inputs, processes, and outcomes, this article summarises the findings from 10 different case studies of student-staff co-creation (e.g., co-producers of learning resources, peer mentors, co-creators of the curriculum) in the Australasian higher education context. Our data include qualitative survey responses (n= 97) and interviews (n= 35) with students and staff. Based on these data, we present an evidence-informed model of co-creation that elucidates the key considerations in the co-creation process. The model highlights and distinguishes two dual-value creation dimensions that underlie co-creation, co-production, and value-in-use. The result is a model of co-creation in higher education that can help guide administrators, researchers, and higher education stakeholders to better conceptualise, design, implement, and assess co-creation activities.


Yields of plot-edge trees of an inferior variety planted alongside vigorous varieties declined over the years, relative to those of guarded trees. At interfaces between two varieties, initially of similar vigour, yields of the heavier bearer declined while those of the poorer yielder, which continued vigorous growth at the expense of cropping, tended to rise, relative in each case to guarded trees of the variety.


This paper presents a methodology for the extraction, recognition and characterization of paths in aerial images. We present a sequential algorithm that creates a linear approximation of the underlying path. The path is divided into straight line segments in a sequential manner. It takes under consideration the local spatial structure of the patterns in order to extract the straight line segment and the overall global path is sequentially formed from each segment. We present the preprocessing steps used to extract patterns of interest from an image and the results from two case study examples. The methodology has applications for the autonomous path planning of aerial vehicle following a specified structure (river, road) and in cases where that we are interested in the spatial relationships of the underlying patterns in the image and want to detect changes in the spatial structure of the patterns.


The European Commission's Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law ('CESL') seeks to create a European scheme of contract law available for parties to choose to govern cross‐border contracts for the sale of goods, supply of 'digital content,' and for the supply of related services. This article explains the background to the Proposal, sketches out the purposes and scope of the CESL, and considers and criticises its legal framework (and in particular its relationship with private international law) and the key requirement of the parties' agreement. In the author's view, the CESL scheme remains an unconvincing basis for the achievement of its economic purposes and, as regards consumer contracts, puts too much reliance on the agreement of the consumer as a justification for the loss of their existing protection under EU private international law rules.


Improvements in RF and digital technology have made digital array radar (DAR) feasible. The combination of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) as a wideband pulse compression modulation with a DAR architecture allows time dispersion effects to be mitigated for electrically-long antenna arrays. This concept can be extended to the simultaneous operation of multiple radar modes. Each mode is allocated some number of OFDM subcarriers. The subcarriers corresponding to a particular mode are then phase-shifted to create an element-to-element phase shift across the antenna array to steer the full-aperture antenna beam for that particular mode. This concept multiplexes the modes in the frequency domain while the OFDM-based DAR allows each mode to experience the full-aperture gain on transmit and receive while being electronically steered to an independent spatial position.


This article discusses a section of Canada's Criminal Code that prohibits the sexual exploitation of young persons by adults in positions of trust or authority. It argues that the language employed in the statute is problematically vague and that judicial interpretation has only added to the confusion.


Alan Kokol reviews Peril in the Ponds, a government scientist's struggle to solve an epidemic of frog deformities in the American Midwest.


Interrelation of the structure of students' religiousness and responsibility are of special interest and are retraced in the work. The main tasks of research are comparison of the structure of student's responsibility with high and low levels of religiousness as well as the search of interrelation between the components of religiousness and responsibility. It is stated that such parameters of responsibility as «Attitude to obstacles», «Attitude to promises», «Attitude to consequences of one's actions», «Emotional attitude to deeds» are higher for the student's with deep respect to religion than those who are not believers. The fact that such component as «Presence of religion self-consciousness», 'Inclination to idealist philosophy», «Tendency to seek support and consolation in religion», «Tendency to believe in God» are positively connected with parameters of responsibility.


Objective. We sought to determine the validity and reliability of a self-report physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) measuring physical activity/inactivity in South African
schoolgirls of different ethnic origins.
Methods. Construct validity of the PAQ was tested against physical activity energy expenditure estimated from an ACTIVITYGRAM and inactivity from reported television
programme viewing in 332 girls (ages 9 - 12 yrs, grades 4 - 5). Body composition (WHO BMI percentiles and percentage body fat) was used as an indirect measure
of validity for the PAQ. Test-retest reliability of the PAQ was assessed in a convenience sample of 14 girls.
Results. Weak but significant associations were found between the body composition and PAQ-derived total energy expenditure (r=-0.18; p South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 19 (5) 2007: pp. 117-124


Objective: We examined the effects of gait training using an original footpad-type locomotion interface named GaitMaster for chronic stroke patients.
Method: Ten chronic hemiparetic patients after stroke participated. The subjects were divided randomly into two groups (n=5 each). Group A subjects followed an 'intervention phase' and then a 'non-intervention phase', and group B subjects followed the 'non-intervention phase' and then the 'intervention phase.' In the intervention phase, the subjects underwent twelve 20-min sessions of gait training using the Gait Master. In the non-intervention phase, they performed the same typical rehabilitation or exercise they had been doing before beginning their anticipation in the study.
Main Outcome Measures: We measured the subjects' gait speed and the isometric muscle strength of hip flexion and extension once a week or after every three Gait Master training sessions.
Results: No significant differences were observed in the clinical data at baseline between the groups. The maximum gait speed improved significantly in the intervention phase compared to the non-intervention phase (p<0.05). Muscle strength in paretic hip flexion (p<0.05), non-paretic hip flexion (p<0.05), and paretic hip extension (p<0.05) improved significantly after the intervention phase compared to the non-intervention phase.
Conclusions: These results suggest that gait training using the Gait Master can improve gait ability and the muscle strength of both paretic hip flexion and extension, and that gait rehabilitation using the Gait Master will be effective for chronic stroke patients.


Introduction, Paul J. Karlstrom The elusive quest of the Moderns, Richard Candida Smith Painting under the shadow: California modernism and the Second World War, Susan Landauer Politics and modernism: the trial of the Rincon Annex Mural, Gray Brechin The impact from aborad: foreign guests and visitors, Peter Selz Mexican art and Los Angeles, 1920-1940, Margarita Nieto Wood, studs, stucco, and concrete: California's native and imported images, David Gebhard Early modernism in Southern California: provincialism or eccentricity? Bram Dijkstra Journey into the sun: California artists and surrealism, Susan M. Anderson Visual music and film-as-an-art before 1950, William Moritz Modernist photography and the Group f.64, Therese Thau Heyman A chronology of institutions, events, and individuals, Derrick R. Cartwright.


We present performance and cost data on a distributed concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system that is commercially available in 2008 and will break the long pursued $2/W price barrier. This technology was developed from an existing product platform used originally for solar fiber optic lighting applications and includes a novel segmented plastic mirror that concentrates sunlight into a dense-array CPV module at 600 suns. The design's segmented plastic mirror and high-precision, low-cost tracking unit are presented as a flexible hardware platform evolved in response to market pressure over the past two years and suitable for multiple applications being developed in the concentrating solar field. To illustrate the economic benefits of this solar collection platform, the specific costs related to COGS and installation activities associated with a commercial CPV product available in 2008 are presented.


To solving the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacles, reduce the production cost of changing soil and labor.Present study adopts the hydroponic cultivation method. Six different nutrient solutions-the diluents of cattle-biogas stock solution(N), the balanced nutrient solution based on cattle biogas slurry(N+), the diluents of pig-biogas stock solution(Z), the balanced nutrient solution based on pig biogas slurry(Z+), the balanced compound fertilizer at the N∶P∶K=19∶19∶19(P) and the compound fertilizer with high potassium content at the N∶P:K=14∶14∶30(K)- were studied the influence of yield and quality of blanched garlic seedling. The results showed that the plant height of P was significant higher than control, while K was significant lower than control, other treatments had no significant difference with control. Compared with controls, all organic nutrient solutions production respectively increased by 0.39% ~19.49%; And inorganic nutrient solutions, P was lower than control, but have not reached significant level, K was higher than control 21.56%. Quality aspects, Vc content of various organic nutrient solutions is significantly higher than inorganic nutrient solutions and control. All treatments' nitrate content were significantly lower than control without P. The highest amount N was reduced by 72.82%, and the lowest amount K decreased 18.08%. Under test conditions, the balance of nutrient solution based on biogas slurry showed advantages over other nutrient solution.


Background Toric intraocular lens (Toric IOL) is a well accepted method of correct of corneal astigmatism.Axial misalignment,including the error of intraocular lens alignment during surgery and rotation of Toric IOL,is the main barrier to the precise alignment of Toric intraocular lenses.Therefore,the angle of axial misalignment is a main index to evaluate the effectiveness of Toric IOL implantation.Objective The present study is to describe a method of precisely detecting Toric IOL misalignment using postoperative digital photograph.Methods A measuring template (polar coordinates) was constructed using Adobe Photoshop software.Minimum graduate to detect the Toric axis was 1° (maximum error 0.5°).The clinical data of 24 eyes undergone Toric IOL implantation was retrospectively analyzed.Corneal astigmatism was detected by rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam) or slit scan (Orbscan).Digital retro illumination picture was photographed after mydriasis.The picture was analyzed by our derived template.The steepest corneal axis and the axis of Toric IOL were then determined.The misalignment of Toric IOL was determined as the angle between the steepest corneal axis and the axis of Toric IOL.Misalignment of Toric IOL and its distribution were analyzed by statistical means.Results A method using polar coordinates and digital photo to precisely detect Toric IOL misalignment was derived.Mean Toric IOL misalignment was 10.93±6.90 degrees (0-24 degrees) in the 24 cases.The axial misalignment in all of cases were within 25 degrees,including clockwise in 14 eyes(58.33%),anticlockwise in 10 eyes (41.67%).In this study,the misalignment angle of 4 eyes were within 5 degrees;11 eyes were 5 to 10 degrees;1 eye was 10 to 15 degrees;6 eyes were 15 to 20 degrees;2 eyes were 20 to 25 degrees.Conclusion The method is feasible to the direction of Toric IOL misalignment in clinic.

Key words:
digital photograph analysis; Toric intraocular lens; misalignment; corneal astigmatism


A key problem in developing countries is the lack of high quality brands. I designed an experiment to understand this phenomenon in a setting that features typical market conditions in a developing country: the retail watermelon market in a major Chinese city. I begin by demonstrating empirically that there is substantial asymmetric information between sellers and buyers on sweetness, the key indicator of quality for watermelons, yet sellers do not sort and price watermelons by quality. I then randomly introduce one of two branding technologies into 40 out of 60 markets—one sticker label that is widely used and often counterfeited and one novel laser-cut label. I track sellers' quality, pricing and sales over an entire season and collect household panel purchasing data to examine the demand side's response. I find that laser branding induced sellers to provide higher quality and led to higher sales profits, establishing that reputational incentives are present and can be made to pay. However, after the intervention was withdrawn, all markets reverted back to baseline. To rationalize the experimental findings, I build an empirical model of consumer learning and seller reputation. The structural estimates suggest that consumers are hesitant to upgrade their perception about quality under the existing branding technology, which makes reputation building a low return investment. While the new technology enhances consumer learning, the resulting increase in profits is not su cient to cover the fixed cost of the technology for small individual sellers. Counterfactual analysis shows that information frictions and fragmented markets lead to significant under-provision of quality. Third-party interventions that subsidize initial reputation building for sellers could improve welfare. ⇤Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. I am extremely grateful to my advisors Benjamin Olken, Abhijit Banerjee, Robert Townsend and Nikhil Agarwal for their continuous encouragement and guidance over the course of this project. I also thank David Atkin, Esther Duflo, Glenn Ellison, Robert Gibbons, German Sergio Gieczewski, Seema Jayachandran, Yan Ji, Siyuan Liu, Rocco Macchiavello, Yuhei Miyauchi, Xiaosheng Mu, Ariel Pakes, Parag Pathak, Frank Schilbach, Maheshwor Shrestha, Paulo Somaini, Tavneet Suri, Jean Tirole, Juuso Toikka, Juanjuan Zhang, Hongkai Zhang and participants of the development seminar, development lunch, and IO lunch at MIT, and the 2015 NEUDC conference for helpful discussions and feedback. Funding for this project was generously provided by the Weiss Family Fund, the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, and the George and Obie Shultz Fund. All errors are my own.


We give a simple toy model to study a famous Jahn-Teller type molecule. Finite lifetime due to non-adiabatic coupling and finite temperature effect results in the effective Hamiltonian to be non-Hermitian. This effect pulls a conical intersection into a pair of connected Weyl points, bridged by a Fermi arc. The length of the Fermi arc depends on the strength of non-hermicity. This is a unique feature of non-Hermitian topology with no Hermitian analogue. We predict the existence of Weyl points in molecules which cause anomalous Jahn-Teller effects and fractional quantum number.


The goal of this seminar is to provide up-to-date information about general topics of great interest in physics. Both the theoretical and experimental aspects are covered, with some historical background. Inspired by the Bourbaki seminar in mathematics in its organization, hence nicknamed "Bourbaphi", the Poincaré Seminar is held twice a year at the Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris, with contributions prepared in advance. Particular care is devoted to the pedagogical nature of the presentations so as to fulfill the goal of being readable by a large audience of scientists.


Children's rights are often operationalised in administrative and procedural ways, particularly in child welfare and residential services contexts. In this article, a group of five authors representing academics and alumni from Ryerson University's Child & Youth Care programme who are also people from care present a dialogue process surrounding lived experiences of rights education processes while in care. The dialogue is complemented with a review of child rights education material used by child welfare agencies in Ontario, Canada as tools to explain rights to children and youth admitted into care. We conclude that a child rights-based practice model is necessary in which rights and daily life are fully integrated.


Private equity investing and the relationship between the GP and the LPs are plagued with the risk of information asymmetries and agency costs, so the markets have developed several mechanisms to align the incentives of the funds and the investors, most importantly through disclosure and protections in limited partnership agreements. However, such agreements may not always deal with the most important asymmetries or agency conflicts, especially the hidden effort problem. From the fund's perspective, there are also other relationships that affect its internal dynamics. They are the need for interest alignment between the fund (and the GP) and the managers of the portfolio companies, the risk of financial agency costs and the risk of strategic creditor actions. All of these relationships are regulated primarily by contracts. In this paper, I evaluate the game-theoretical framework, Investment Game, based on the analysis of the GP-LP investment-effort relationship supported by a brief analysis of the other relationships. I argue that, in most cases, the LPs are able to solve the GP effort maximisation problem making part of the fund regulation unnecessary. However, private ordering may not work in some cases. Despite these situations, the Investment Game enables, even when the LPs cannot affect the fund terms, an analysis of the GP effort level and the level of undisclosed private benefits. Therefore, the Investment Game also sets a framework for a data analysis of private equity investing.


There are three FDA approved technologies current 1 y utilized therapeutically for fracture non-union repair. These are the D.C. technology: Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) technology: and 60 kHz Sinusoidal Electric Field (SEF) technology sometimes referred to as Capacitive Coupling. These technologies are also in various states of investigation for therapeutic use in osteoporosis, avascular necrosis, wound healing, nerve regeneration and degenerative joint disease. Dosimetry considerations for these technologies indicate certain common features with regard to electric field amplitude however fundamental mechanisms of cellular interactions are unknown.


Three recessives and two dominant alleles at the eyeless locus in Drosophila melanogaster were crossed so as to obtain all possible combinations and the eye sizes of the various genotypes were classified. The results indicate that eyD39k is hypomorphic since when homozygous or in combination with a recessive allele the eye is larger than that of eyD39K/+. Eyeless-D, on the other hand, is not a hypomorph but limits the size of the eye. A double action is suggested as a possible explanation for the behavior of eyD39K.


This article analyzes the relative importance of 5 of the primary influences suggested in the literature on the size of the U.S. federal deficit during the postwar period: the state of the economy, the identity of the political party in power, Roubini and Sachs's "strength-of-government" hypothesis, the "irresponsible Congress/responsible president" hypothesis, and the "gridlock" hypothesis. We find that the state of economy has an important influence on the deficit. Controlling for the economy, however, we find no support for any of the other 4 hypotheses. In sharp contrast to the latter 3 of these hypotheses, when the president has strong political and popular support, the deficit appears to increase by more than would have been otherwise. These results call into question much of the "conventional wisdom" on deficit spending in the United States and highlight the distinctive demands of the cold war on U.S. defense outlays and fiscal policy outcomes.


AN increasing number of children with language difficulties of some sort or another, are being seen within schools. Those whose language is significantly impaired usually have a statement of educational needs, as well as advice and suggestions for developing their language from a speech and language therapist.


In every surgical endeavor, the process of tissue repair should ideally result in the reapproximation of di''ided structures ith the restoration of anatomical tissue plane ind minimal scarring. Over the past to centuries, fine needle nd suture techniques have been used to accompliBh this; they have, however, fallen quite short of ideal repair. Ihe use of even fine suture for the reapproxirnation of arteries results in chronic inflammatory response that eventually lead to a neointimal hyperplasia, atherosclerosis, stenosis, and occIuion These problems the needle and suture led us to explore the use of thermal lasers for tissue repair.


Aiming at the increasing critical issues of existing 2D plans and map‐based methodology for integrated management of advanced buildings and related dynamic property rights in complicated 3D built environments, a novel semantics‐based 3D dynamic house property model with hierarchical levels of detail is proposed in this paper, based on comprehensive analysis of 3D house property objects and various application requirements. This model is characterized by: (1) 3D geometric semantics: a 3D geometry hierarchy of exterior and interior of buildings is defined; (2) thematic semantics, comprehensive house property object and related property right relationships are illustrated; (3) temporal semantics, dynamic representation of house property driven by both geometric events and property right events is involved. This model facilitates comprehensive data mining to analyze spatial relationships and dynamic change of property rights in real 3D built environments and can also support the sale and lease of real estate, facility management, house planning and so on.


The management of zakat, infaq and shodaqoh funds is a very crucial activity for each zakat institution, in which two processes are carried out, namely the receipt and distribution of zakat infaq and shodaqoh. This article is the result of further research on the zakat receipt system that was previously published. This fund distribution system is the responsibility of all receipts of funds received so it is very crucial even compared to the ZIS acceptance system itself. This is because there is accountability for the receipt of funds received by the institution and must be submitted to certain parties in accordance with the provisions of Islamic Sharia. Problems that often occur in the process of fund distributing zakat, infaq shodaqoh is a entry data that accountability reports can not be made, the accountability report also can be made, besides that there is also an inaccurate target of the intended recipient distribution object. So that it is necessary to regulate how the right procedures in funds distributing of zakat infaq shodaqoh. The analytical method used by PIECES (Performances, Information, Economics, Control, Efficiency, Services). The standard operating procedure in the ZIS fund distribution system is made with internal control parameters (COSO).


2.45 GHz band is one of the frequency bands which is commonly used in RFID.A reader antenna working at the band is analysed and improved.The antenna system is simulated and analyzed by the aid of ANSOFT HFSS10.0 calculation software.By slotting the patch edge of the sample antenna,the antenna has better stability at a wider band in the case of keeping high gain,and the size of the antenna can be reduced in this way.Therefore the overall performance of the antenna is perfect.


This study is focused on political and cultural controversies about narratives and discourses of nation states in early Republican China. The main participants of this controversies are Xinqingnian(新靑年)'s Chen-Duxiu(陳獨秀) and Dongfangzazhi(東方雜誌)'s Du-Yaquan(杜亞泉). Their debates presented a kind of public sphere in the intellectual society of modem china. The competitions and conflicts of discourses at discussion space symbolized ideological meaning of the public sphere. Chen-Duxiu's Xinqingnian, as discussed in this paper, had grasped a crucial link between shanghai and beijing's public sphere. This paper makes a comparative study of a historical views and recognitions about nation states between Chen and Du. Their differences of recognitions heavily influenced in their each political positions and practices. In this process, we can find a formation of many kinds of intellectual groups and their differences. This paper reverberates Benjamin Schwartz's reference: "An intellectual history of China should be concerned not simply with 'Chinese thought' but with Chinese thinking and thinking within the framework of historical situations." In fact, this paper is most interested in the changing process of discourse's hegemony. The main subject of this paper have originated from the search to find what enabled Xinqingnian discourse's hegemony at May forth's public sphere. This paper attempts to explain their psychological and narrative strategy. This paper also explains a part of the bigger understanding the May forth's public sphere as a whole.


We study the dynamics of phase space holes in a non-collisional plasma by numerical integration of the one-dimensional Vlasov equation. The plasma is bounded and connected to vacuum by two interfaces, which gives rise to non-periodic boundary conditions. By choosing different initial conditions, we consider four different situations: development of a sinusoidal wave, two-stream instability, development of an ab initio Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal state and the expansion of a plasma into vacuum. For the latter situation ions move with a realistic mass of 1837 electron masses. The most prominent results of our investigation are: (a) a clockwise revolution of holes in phase space; (b) the appearance of stable oscillations of the total electron momentum, which, despite their striking linearity, cannot be related to electrostatic plasma oscillations. To the best of our knowledge none of these phenomena have been reported in kinetic simulations before: indeed we prove that the non-periodicity of the boundary conditions is an essential requirement for the sustainment of both hole revolution and momentum oscillations.


An analysis is performed to study the efiects of thermal radiation on unsteady free convective ∞ow over a moving vertical plate with mass transfer in the presence of magnetic fleld. The ∞uid considered here is a gray, absorbing-emitting radiation but a nonscattering medium. The plate temperature is raised to T 0 w and the concentration level near the plate is also raised linearly with time. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using the Laplace transform technique. The velocity, temperature and concentration are studied for difierent parameters like the magnetic fleld parameter, radiation parameter, thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number and time. It is observed that the velocity decreases with increasing magnetic fleld parameter or radiation parameter.


The various ways of estimating amniotic fluid volumes during pregnancy are all based on dilution techniques involving the use of dyes, radioactive isotopes, or such inert substances as inulin or sodium aminohippurate. Much work still needs to be done to show the limits of normality of the quantity of amniotic fluid at various stages of pregnancy. The value of volumetric estimations in clinical practice is not fully determined but fürther studies may indicate a place for this technique in such conditions as hydramnios, placental insufficiency and rhesus iso‐immunisation.


Fish are a group of organisms that are highly sensitive to mercury (Hg) contamination of the aquatic environment. At the same time, because this element can be accumulated in tissues, it can pose a serious threat to human health. The main objective of the study was to determine the content of Hg in the muscles (HgM) and gills (HgG) of various species of fish from shallow lakes with varied physicochemical conditions. Sampling was done in 5 lakes from April to November 2012 and 2013. The concentration of Hg in fish tissues was affected by 4 variables, including ammonium nitrogen, chlorophyll-a, oxygen saturation, and temperature, and the first 2 axes explained 78.9% of total variance in Hg concentration. The concentration of Hg in muscles was widely varied depending on the fish species, and its highest concentration was observed in predatory fish such as asp and perch, while the lowest concentration of this element was found in Prussian carp, bream, and rudd. Although content of Hg increased with fish body length, in non-predatory fish this correlation was less clear. The gills of the fish contained lower concentrations of Hg than the muscles. Hg content in muscles was within acceptable weekly limits, but predatory fish consumed in large quantities by the local population may pose a potential risk for human


The work carried out made it possible to better understand the devices of training, the knowledge of the training and development stakeholders, their expectations in the domainof organic farming. If the general principles and techniques of organic farming are fairly well known, their variation in practice is not easily normative. The courses, primarily based on knowledge transfer, are not very effective and the surveyed actors highlighted the value of networks and non-formal trainings. Proposals for changing devices are presented being based on such an innovative action in the Loire Valley with teachers and trainers. The issue of the integration of e-learning in these devices is presented with its potentialsand limits. The issue of educational resources concerning their format, their contents as the media used and their accessibility is addressed with proposals based on Swiss and the Loire Valley achievements.


This study aims to determine the comparison between Reciprocal Teaching learning models and Bamboo Dancing to find out which learning models are effectively used. The difference between Reciprocal Teaching and Bamboo Dancing learning models lies in the way the teaching and learning process is delivered. Reciprocal Teaching Model prioritizes language style or speaking style of students in delivering the material presented, while the Bamboo Dancing learning model prioritizes the activeness of a student in channeling what he gets then they exchange ideas with other friends.


Monascus pigment was extracted by microwave auxiliary way from cell of Monascus Purpure ferment lysate,Various effection factors were researched and various conditions were optimizated.It showed that in these conditions of micro wave time 70s,temperature 70℃,Ethanol concentration 45%,Liquid-solid ratio 20:1 and microwave frequency 600W,the OD value of treating fluid reached 17.082.Compared to traditional extraction way,the OD value was increased by 72.2%.


Soft magnetic Fe-B-P ultrafine particles with amorphous structure were prepared by aqueous reduction method with variable pH values. The microstructure, compositions and the soft magnetic properties of Fe-B-P submicron particles were investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), mössbauer spectrum (MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that a series of Fe-B-P amorphous particles with the average particle size of 0.26~0.42 μm were obtained depending on the pH value of solution. As pH value increased, the contents of B and P increased, and the specific saturation magnetization of the Fe-B-P submicron particles decreased. Some electrons, transferred from p-shell of B atoms and P atoms to 3d-shell of Fe atom, resulted in the decrease of the number of unpaired electron, which in turn led to reduction of the average hyperfine magnetic field of the Fe-B-P particles and the decrease of the magnetic torque of Fe atoms. The relation between hyperfine magnetic field (Hhf) and the specific saturation magnetization was in accord with the Marshall's equation. At the same time, the enhancement of the shielding effect on 4s electron orbital, i.e., the density of 4s electron reduced, leading to the increase of Isomer Shift.


Listeria monocytogenes causing abortion and iritis in cattle, and abortion, encephalitis and enteritis in sheep Severe outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever Streptococcus uberis the most common isolate from mastitis submissions High postweaning mortality in pigs Infectious bursal disease causing losses in a flock of eight- to nine-week-old layer pullets Further deaths of wild birds associated with Salmonella Typhimurium PT56 — These are among matters discussed in the Veterinary Laboratories Agency's (VLA's) disease surveillance report for England and Wales for February


The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene-ceramic composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1), penetrating cerate (or zircon salt), auxiliaries and graphene oxide through alcohol dissolving auxiliaries, ultrasonically dispersing the materials uniformly for co-decomposing into metal oxides to obtain a composite material; (2), adding organic adhesive solvent to the graphene-metal oxide composite material for sufficiently mixing and grinding; pressing the mixture into a strip-shaped composite sample by adopting a dry-press process, placing the composite sample in a vacuum tube furnace; and controlling the sintering condition by ventilating a gas mixture of a certain proportion, cooling to the room temperature to obtain the graphene-ceramic composite material. The preparation method of the graphene-ceramic composite material disclosed by the invention can be used for improving the dispersibility and cycling stability of ceramic oxide particles, increasing a three-phase interface among the ceramic oxide particles and improving the electrochemical activity of the composite material, so that the ceramic material has the advantages of being low in density, high in strength, excellent in oxidation resistance, thermal scouring resistance, corrosion resistance and the like.