The development of the bicycle and the practice of pedaling led to the discovery that using one's legs may be a method of generating power from one's own muscles. As the number of people living in an area increases while the amount of available electricity remains low, it is essential to think of innovative ways to provide people with power. The amount of power generated by pedaling is four times greater than that generated by hand cranking. Only for brief intervals of time, around ten minutes, is it possible to cycle continuously at a speed of 1/4 horsepower. On the other hand, if you pedal at only half the power (1/8hp), you can keep going for up to an hour. Many of the power sources that are now accessible to humanity are not sustainable; new ideas are necessary in order to make the transition to a society that does not rely on inexpensive petroleum. The application of force has historically been accomplished by humans using their arms, hands, and backs. As a consequence of this, pedaling can be utilized to convert the energy that is applied by humans into the work that is done by machines. The amount of power generated by pedaling is four times greater than that generated by hand cranking. Grinding and drilling are going to be the two tasks that require pedaling to complete. It will save money as well as electricity, and it will be valuable in locations that are not easily accessible. Considering that cycling is both a productive activity and a healthy kind of exercise, the method is also helpful for becoming in shape. The use of machinery that is powered by electricity is limited in locations that are geographically isolated.


Mr. D is a 67-year-old White male with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3b secondary to hypertension. He is a newly referred patient with interest in kidney transplantation. His medical history includes CKD for 5 years, hypertension for 15 years, hyperlipidemia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, previous tobacco use, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mr. D's medications include nifedipine XR 90 mg, terazosin 2 mg, simvastatin 40 mg, quinapril 40 mg, and furosemide 40 mg. His physical exam reveals temperature 98.3° F (36.8° C); pulse 83; respirations 18; BP 143/83; weight 86.8 kg; height 5 ft 10.1 in; body mass index 27.4 kg/m. Mr. D is alert and oriented to person, place, and time and is calm and cooperative, has a regular heart rate and rhythm with no murmurs appreciated, his lungs are clear to auscultation, there is no pedal edema, and his rectal exam reveals an enlarged prostate. Mr. D's lab values are as follows: hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1a; HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) quantitative 1.4 million IU/mL, creatinine 2.25 mg/dL, glom erular fi ltration rate (GFR) 30 mL/min/1.73 m, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 mg/g. ■ Background Hepatitis C is a viral liver infection caused by HCV. HCV is a highly contagious infection that can lead to death if not treated. Globally, an estimated 71 million people have HCV. According to the CDC, nearly 2.4 million Americans (or 1% of the adult population) were living with HCV from 2013 through 2016. Nearly 75% of Americans infected with HCV were born between 1945 and 1965 (also known as the "baby boomer" generation). As the rate of newly diagnosed cases was starting to decrease, the opioid crisis caused a 133% increase in new HCV cases,


Background: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), identified as a survival factor for developing peripheral neurons is upregulated by reactive astrocytes in the traumatized tissue and in areas of terminal degeneration after a brain lesion. But in the spinal cord, CNTF is expressed in the non-astrocytic phenotypic, maybe oligodendrocytes. The present study was undertaken to determine the upregulation of CNTF expression in reactive astrocytes following spinal cord lesion in the rat. Methods: Unilateral incision of the dorsal funiculus at the thoracic level was performed and rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 postlesion. Western blot analysis, immunocytochemical analysis and double immunofluorescence for CNTF and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were performed after spinal cord lesion. Results: A major band with 24 kDa and additional band of higher molecular weight form were detectable, and the intensity of the 24 kDa immunoreactive band increased up to 14 days postlesion and decreased toward laminectomized control values. CNTF immunoreactivity was markedly upregulated in the injured dorsal funiculus and adjacent gray matter. The time course of CNTF expression is coincident with the appearance of reactive astrocytes in the injured spinal cord. Moreover, double immunofluorescence for CNTF and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) revealed that CNTF immunoreactivity was in GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes. Conclusions: These results show that CNTF upregulation occurred in reactive astrocytes following spinal cord lesion, and suggest a role for CNTF in the regulation of astrocytic responses after spinal cord injury.


Two HUNDRED YEARS ago John Hunter was obliged to list the adrenal glands under the heading " of parts whose uses are not known " (Hunter, 1861). One hundred years ago Thomas Addison had just published his monograph on " The constitutional and local aspects of disease of the supra-renal capsules" and Brown-Sequard had found that the adrenals were essential to life (Rolleston, 1936). To-day we know a great deal more about these complex organs, but our knowledge is still far from complete. I shall confine myself to the adrenal cortex and to the syndromes which are associated with excessive or with diminished secretion of its hormones. Several colleagues in Belfast have collaborated with me in the work which I shall describe and Dr. D. A. D. Montgomery has been closely associated with all of it.


The tribe system in Bali called as Wangsa contains the injustice of gender. Inthe wangsa system, there is a principle forbiding a girl to be married with a boy from lower class status; on the other hand that prohibition does not prevailed for the boy. The prohibition is called as asupundung and alangkahi karang hulu.


Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis and Veterinary Internal Medicine,both with the same academic origins in the curriculum system,and both as key courses of the animal medicine specialty,play an important role in the cultivation of veterinary talents.To realize the ground-breaking breakthrough,two principles should be followed: regression and development.The first refers to inheriting the legacy of valuable teaching ideology and methodology and the second,developing with times in terms of academic orientation and future development.The former aims at strengthening the foundation while the latter focuses on deepening and expansion.To highlight the charming features of the courses and provide better service for elevating the veterinary talent training quality,we should coordinate the two principles for the construction of the two courses.


Three phase AC voltage controllers ACVC have many industrial and residential applications. Thyristors and TRIACS play very important role in AC voltage controller ACVC. Synchronization of control signals with supply voltages is required for proper and balanced operation of power switches in ACVC. This paper presents a novel and low-cost synchronization and control signals generation for either thyristors or TRIACS in three phase AC voltage controllers. A single comparator and a single chip microcontroller are utilized for synchronization and real time operation of the power switches achieving smooth and fast control of the output voltage. The proposed technique avoids the problems of complex circuitries required in conventional operation of those power switches. Simulation and experimental validation of the proposed technique are presented. The three phase ACVC based on the proposed technique is applied as a soft starter of three phase induction motor.


This study aims to examine the antianxiety and antidepressant effects of aqueous latex extract of Euphorbia resinifera in mice. Antianxiety and sedative effects were examined using the elevated plus maze test, open field test, and thiopental-induced sleeping time respectively. While the antidepressant effect was evaluated, using the forced swimming test. E. resinifera reduced the latency of sleeping and increased sleeping time significantly at 75 mg/kg. It reduced the immobility time and increased swimming significantly at all doses assessed (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg). Pretreatment with antagonists reversed these effects indicating the possible involvement of α2, 5HT2, D2, and GABAA receptors respectively. These findings confirm the traditional utilization of this plant as an antioxidant, anxiolytic, and antidepressant.


The Airy Transit Circle of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich is one of the most important instruments in the history of astronomy, navigation and time distribution. However, there has been very little research done on the history of the instrument. This article examines how the purchase of the object glass for the Airy Transit Circle involved active negotiations between George Biddell Airy and three different opticians: Georg Merz, Noel Paymal Lerebours, and William Simms. The article also shows the involvement of John Herschel and Richard Sheepshanks in Airy's decision making process. By highlighting the presence of these individuals, the article shows how Airy's trust and distrust in different instrument makers influenced his choice of supplier for the object glass of the Airy Transit Circle.


REIS, Hermogenes. Ecophysiological groups and diametric distribution of native fragments of the Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais. 2007. Chapter 4, 49p. Dissertation (Master's degree in Forestry Engineering) Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate the successional stage of each fragment studied, to evaluate the diametric distribution, to know the pattern of frequency distribution in diameter and to infer about the adherence of diametric distributions before and after the exploration of 2 forest fragments using the test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The studied areas correspond to 4 forest fragments located in the cities of Piranga and Diogo de Vasconcelos in the Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais State. It was applied the systematic sampling. The first plot was set up and the others were established in relation to it and distributed in transects throughout each fragment. The number and distance of transects, and the distance between sampling plots varied with the form and size of each fragment. The inventoried individuals were those with a circumference at breast height (CBH) ≥ 15.70 cm, being also recorded the total height. The species were divided in pioneers, early secondaries and late secondaries. In all fragments, the early secondary species stood out before the others, even with shade-tolerant species being found in good development. The diametric structure of the four fragments presented negative exponential form. According to the KolmogorovSmirnov test (5%) there was no correlation between distribution, before and after the exploration in the fragment 1, while in the fragment 2 the distribution before and after the exploration presented a positive correlation. The diametric distribution in the fragment 1 has not yet recovered from the intervention that happened 9 years ago, while in the fragment 2, 14 years were enough, suggesting a cut cycle between 9 and 14 years for that region. Key-words: Ecophysiological groups, Diametric distribution, KolmogorovSmirnov test. Guidance committee: Antonio Donizette de Oliveira UFLA (Supervisor); Jose Roberto Soares Scolforo UFLA (Co-supervisor).


Although the pattern development for tight-fitting clothing has been carried out using 3D data on humans, the pattern development using 3D scan data obtained for various postures still remains an interesting subject. In this study, we have developed the 2D pattern using the 3D human body reflecting standing and cycling postures. The 3D scan data of a subject was obtained using Cyberware. 2C-AN program(Triangle simplification and the Runge-Kutta method) was used in the system to reduce the 3D scan data points and to make segmented triangular patches in a plane from 3D data. As results, surface distance and area of each body part of standing and cycling postures were also provided for the future application of the functional clothing construction. The area of center piece on the front (c.front) decreased by 106.45cm 2 (-13.08%) and that of lateral piece(s.back) on the back increased by 144.96cm 2 (18.69%) in the patterns of cycling posture. The girth of neck and waist for the cycling posture increased by 0.88cm (3.92%) and 1.56cm(4.40%) respectively, and the that of thigh decreased by 1.01cm(-2.24%). The differences between the area in the 2D pattern obtained from the 3D scan data and that in the 3D scan surface data for standing and cycling postures were very small(-10.34cm 2 (-0.32%) and -44.33cm 2 (-1.32%)).


Using ethyl acetoacetate and resorcinol as raw materials, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid as catalyst, 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin was synthesized by Pechmann reaction under solventless condition. When the dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid is used as catalyst the factors such as reaction temperature, dosage of catalyst, reaction time and the ratio of the raw materials influencing on the yield of the product were discussed. The optimum conditions are established as follows: the molar ratio of ethylacetoacetate to resorcinol was 1.2∶1; the dosage of catalyst was 0.9 gram(when resorcinol was 0.04 mol), the reaction temperature was 120℃, and the reaction time was 70 min. Under the aforementioned conditions, the yield of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin can reach 66.5%.


Recently, Sahu et al. [1] studied propagation of the two-soliton for ion acoustic waves (IAWs) in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of superthermal electrons and warm ions in bounded non-planar geometry. They showed that the presence of superthermally distributed electrons influences propagation of the two-soliton in non-planar geometry. Ref. [2] studied propagation of two-soliton for electron acoustic waves in an unmagnetized, collision-less plasma consisting of a cold-electron fluid and hot electrons obeying κ velocity distribution, and stationary ions in non-planar geometry. The author found that the propagation of the two-soliton wave is affected by


See also research article by Emery and colleagues on page [1249][1] and at [www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.101540][2].

Canadians admire their professional athletes, especially if they overcome adversity and continue to play while injured. These athletes are often role models for children and


The environmental enrichment (EE) and the aerobic exercise (EX) are interventions capable of reducing anxiety levels in the aging, but few is known about how they modulating the projections to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA). We studied the effect of an EE and EX programs carried out during two months in 18 month-old Wistar rats assigned to 3 groups: (CO, n=6), EE (n=8) y EX (n=8). The EX program was carried out during 15min/day and the EE group was housed in a big cage with different objects frequently changed. Through the cytochrome c oxidase histochemistry (COx), we analysed the metabolic activity of several brain regions involved in the anxiety response. The EE reduced the brain activity of regions involved in the activation of the HPA axis (infralimbic cortex, basolateral amygdala and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (p<0.05). On the other hand, the EX program increased the activity of brain regions involved in the inhibition of the HPA axis (cingulate cortex, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the dorsal hippocampus (p<0.05). In conclusion, it seemed that the EE and the EX modulate in different way the activity of brain regions that project to the HPA axis and they could constitute successful interventions to reduce the anxiety levels in the aging.


Academics are recognized in the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) as stakeholders whose scholarship can help deliver on the aims of the GCR (para. 43). Recent years have seen a burgeoning of engagement across diverse disciplines, including anthropology, geography, economics, architecture, urban planning, and health studies. This paper, without an ambition of completeness, offers an overview of the evolution in some of the most influential debates on forced displacement currently taking place across some of these disciplines. It shows that a convergence of political factors, increased transborder mobility, and the higher status of forced displacement in the academic research agenda have ignited greater scholarly engagement with forced displacement as a field of enquiry. Thus, consistently with the GCR's principles, we highlight the potential for constructive engagement between academe and policymaking.


This report describes two children who presented with status epilepticus. Both patients had hyponatremia, hypochloremia, low serum osmolality, and low urine osmolality caused by voluntary drinking of excessive quantities of water or diluted formula. Seizures were controlled by the administration of benzodiazepines, antiepileptic drugs, and hypertonic saline. Educating parents regarding hazards of excessive ingestion of fluid could reduce the incidence of this preventable and life-threatening condition.


Word-Music transformations and interrelationships are explored within the opera, Ariane et Barbe-Bleue. Paul Dukas (1865–1935) took the libretto of Maurice Maeterlinck's Ariane et Barbe-Bleue and adapted, edited and in some cases, rewrote the text. Acknowledging Dukas' annotated copy of Maeterlinck's text, and the differences between that and the published scores, this article assesses what alterations made in Dukas' appropriation of the text. It strives to explicate how ambiguities between sensual secularity and social expectation are deliberately used to produce what Dukas termed a 'dramatic effect' within theater.


Abstract : Sponsored by the Financial Times, this 2-day conference was the eighth in the annual series. This particular conference marks the end of the first year of the Sky Television network's operation in the U.K. The conference was held just before British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB) goes into operation. With speakers from the U.K, the U.S., France, Japan, and the Netherlands, attendance exceeded all previous conferences. The 400 participants came mainly from the U.K., but also represented were France, the Netherlands, U.S., Australia, Spain, Norway, Canada, Switzerland, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), Finland, Monaco, Belgium, South Africa, Italy, Luxembourg, Irish republic, and Malta. Keywords: Telecommunications.


This experiment was conducted to define the exercise effect of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). For this purpose we used the IL10 knock out mouse which is an experimental animal for IL10 Gene conversion trait, and categorized each control group(CON, n=7), control and exercise(CONEX, n=7), IL10 knock out (IL10KO, N=7), IL10 knock out and exercise(IL10KOEX, n=7) to excess the alteration of concentrations of inflammatory cytokine in the blood due to the exhaustible exercise. As a result, in case of the alteration of the inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, TNFα and MMP-2 showed a noticeable increase due to the exhaustible exercise compared to the CON in the gene conversion trait. This may be because the inflammatory cytokines are more reliant to the conversion of traits than the motion load. Only in case of the MMP-2"s the increase in blood concentration was shown not only in the experimental animal group but also in the exhausted exercise caused by CONEX. Meanwhile, changes of contractions of bowel segment cause by chemical reaction was shown decrease in IL10KOEX regardless to the cholinergic response and nitric acid auxiliary, which is meaningless to statistics. In conclusion, according to the result of the one-time experiment, which is the exhausted exercise conducted towards experimental animal, showed damages in intestinal mucosa"s tissue and decreased the contraction of the bowel due to the increase in inflammatory cytokine. In other words, the one-time exhausted exercise have caused the escalation of the inflammatory response regarding the inflammatory bowel disease. However, it is conceivable that later it will be imperative to have an experiment that compares the high intensity exercise and the low intensity exercise. This is an experiment that is crucial for defining the effect of exercising towards inflammatory bowel disease. There are limits to this; clinical demonstration is hard due to the characteristics of the disease; it is hard to obtain experimental animal as a model. However, even though, this is a short trial regarding inflammatory bowel disease I believe it will be a rudimentary data for experiments that deals with experimental animals.


Whether the patterns of Chinese urban development should be suburbanization or compact city depends on the relationship between compactness and sustainable development. This study explores the correlative mechanism that compact city leads to sustainable development and selects some measuring indicators. Then by the methods of regression and canonical correlation, it analyzes the relationship between compact city and sustainable development. The results show that the more compact a city is, the more sustainable development the city is. In the end, it discusses some recommendations.


The shrinking kinetics of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) gels has been studied for two types of PNIPA gels prepared by (i) copolymerization of constituent monomer and cross-linker (monomer cross-linked gels) and (ii) γ-ray irradiation in the PNIPA solutions(polymer cross-linked gels) in order to investigate the role of cross-linking on shrinking kinetics. The shrinking kinetics of the monomer cross-linked gels is quite similar to that of the polymer cross-linked gels. For example, the rapid shrinking is attained by simply lowering the cross-linking density for both types of gels with a skin formation with skin thickness of ca. 3 μm. On the other hand, a significant difference was found when the microscopic structure and the dynamics were investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and static/dynamic light scattering (SLS/DLS). The degree of built-in inhomogeneities and dynamic fluctuations were evaluated as a function of the cross-linking degree and the gel preparation temperature by intens...


This article discusses the use of expert systems as a means of achieving
juridical quality within administrative organisations. Do these systems really
improve the quality of decision making and provide the desired guarantees with
respect to the correct treatment of clients?


Shape-dependent thermodynamics and nonlocal hydrodynamics are argued to occur in dissipative steady states of driven diffusive systems. These predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations. Unlike power-law correlations, these phenomena cannot be explained by a hypothesis of ``criticality.'' Instead, they require the effective Hamiltonian of the system to contain very long-range potentials, making the invariant probability measures formally ``non-Gibbsian.''


The construction industry remains the most male dominated sector in Australia, the authors note. There, women are leaving the construction professions almost 39% faster than their male colleagues. Women's participation has fallen from 17% of the Australian construction workforce in 2006 to just 11.6% in 2012. Women in construction not only fare poorly among technicians, trades, labourers and machinery operators (3%), but also in professional and management roles (14%). All this, despite three decades of formal gender equity initiatives by government and business. Why?


Six advanced stage potato hybrids developed exclusively for processing were assessed for their chipping quality and some important processing related characteristics during storage at 10–12°C with CIPC treatment up to 180 days. Mean contents of reducing sugars and sucrose increased by 124 and 23.4% after 180 days of storage. Hybrid MP/97–583 (now released as Kufri Chipsona-3) was found to be the most-promising producing excellent colour quality chips throughout the period of storage.


Objective To observe the effect of modified Yiqi Huoxue Recipes(Recipes for reinforcing qi and activating blood) combined with methimazole for hyperthyroidism.Methods The 115 patients of hyperthyroidism up to the diagnostic criteria were randomized into a treatment group(n=65) treated with the self-made Yiqi Huoxue Recipes combined with methimazole and a control group(n=50) treated with methimazole.The course of treatment was 6 months.The follow-up was carried out one year after medication.The thyroid functions,improvement of clinical symptoms and untoward reactions of both groups were observed.Results The thyroid functions and clinical symptoms of two groups were significantly improved(P0.01).The effective rate of the treatment group was 92.3% while that of the control group 78.0%,the difference was significant(P0.05).The improvement in palpitation,irritability,aversion to heat,profuse sweating,insomnia,fatigue and the total score of TCM syndrome in the treatment group were significantly different from those of the control group(P0.05).But the occurrence of untoward reactions and relapse of hyperthyroidism of treatment group were significantly lower than those of control group(P0.05).Conclusion The effect of Yiqi Huoxue Recipes for hyperthyroidism is remarkable.The combination of Chinese and western medication is superior in therapeutic result.


This paper presents application of Two Point estimate method to build a risk constrained model for generating optimal bids of hydro power plants in deregulated environment. Hydro Generation Company is considered as a price taker. Market prices are stochastic in nature and have been considered as exogenous variables. The objective is to find practically feasible hourly generation schedules/bids for operation of cascaded hydro plants of a medium size hydroelectric company (H-Genco) in day ahead manner. The challenge for H-GENCO is to consider the uncertainties involved in market price to maximize its profits. At same time all operational and technical constraints should be met, considering the risk involved due to market price variations. Two point estimate method (2PEM) has been used to accommodate the price uncertainty. This stochastic nature of input variable has been translated into the deterministic output results. Conditional value at risk (CVaR) is used as risk hedging tool and risk management constraints are added over the deterministic output results of 2PEM. Model takes into account all the possible operational, environmental and technical constraints related to machine and other details of generation units. Model is formed and solved as a MINLP optimization problem.


Even though literature has been suggested for use as a means of teaching language in reading comprehension courses, it has been viewed from an efferent perspective (what can be gleaned from the content), not an aesthetic one (what can be gained from the experience). This paper discusses whether aesthetic reading can lead to aesthetic transaction and more engagement of readers with texts in EFL reading courses. The effect of the aesthetic transaction and all its components (6 factors) on the dependent variable of reading comprehension was studied with two groups of participants. The control group received non-literary texts and the experimental group received literary texts during the 8 weeks of the research. The results indicated that (1) the aesthetic transaction components are requirements for appreciating literary texts in particular and reading comprehension skills in general, and (2) aesthetic reading is a suitable alternative for the efferent reading mostly practiced in reading comprehension courses.


Results from idealized model simulations (a relationship between Caspian Sea level [CSL] with its change of the Caspian Sea [CS] size and CS surface temperature [SST]) are validated and connections are explained. Energy budgets for CS water using proxy observational data (ERA5) are used, especially for the comparison of 1979 and 1995, the two extreme values of the CSL. In 1995, when CSL reached a maximum, there were many El Niño events. Investigations on the effects of ENSO on the position of the jet stream over the CS had previously been shown. A jet stream requires a region of baroclinicity beneath it, usually associated with precipitation and cloud cover. This leads to an increase in CSL. A possible forcing of El Niño events by the CS size was found in recent idealized model simulations. Evidence of this is also documented here in analysis of observational data. The size of the CS could have an impact on the occurrence of El Niño events that affect atmospheric circulation. There is much evidence of such a relationship in the observed atmosphere. Real proof is extremely difficult to obtain, only one historical event provides further evidence for such a connection.


The table below summarizes the association's financial status as of December 31, 2015. For a more complete audit report and related information, see the 2014/15 MLA Annual Report ,http://www. mlanet.org/p/do/si/topic1⁄4219 (members only).. This report includes balance sheets, fund status reports, budgeted and actual revenues and expenditures, and a schedule of investments. Members may obtain a copy of the audit report from MLA headquarters. Additional information regarding MLA finances appears in the April 2016 issue of the MLA News.


The article considers new approaches to four of Zeno?s paradoxes: the Arrow,
 Achilles and the Tortoise, the Dichotomy, and the Stadium. The paradoxes are
 analyzed in the light of current research in the field of elementary
 particle physics and some promising directions in the development of the
 quantum gravity. Physical theories, provided with the necessary
 philosophical interpretation, are used in order to clarify Zeno?s paradoxes
 and to search for answers to them. The text shows that using modern
 approaches to solve the paradoxes is not effective, because the paradoxes
 become irrelevant when analyzed in the context of microworld physics, at
 very small scales. The main part of the paper is devoted to demonstrating
 this circum?stance - that the questions posed by the paradoxes are
 impossible to answer (at least in their classical interpretation). As a
 possible explanation, the article puts forward that in the formulation of
 the paradoxes, the properties of the macroworld and the microworld are mixed
 (which is historically justified, given the intuitive homogeneity of the
 large and the small, and the fact that non-classical physics - quantum
 mechanics - did not emerge until the twentieth century); that is, from the
 observation of large physical objects, a transition is made to the
 infinitely small in terms of discreteness and continuity. However, the
 principles of organization of space at very small scales are beginning to be
 clarified in general terms only now, and, perhaps, these principles may turn
 out to be quite far from the classical ideas about fundamental physical
 reality.


indicating that the discovery of the site is a gain due to the explorations of the P.E.F., and without any indication whatever that the identification is insecure. But in the map at the beginning of the invaluable Dictio~ua~y of the Bible, edited by Dr. Hastings, while Luhith (in type indicating that it is a moderll name) is placed here, Luith (in type indicating that it is an ancient name,-though, of course, the two forms are in reality just the same name differently spelt) is placed 30 miles to the S., a little E. of the L;sdn, or tongue of land projecting into the Dead Sea, on the site of the modern ' Sarifa.' The map of Palestine in Murray's Classical Maps gives the southern Luith in the


Some investigations on the production, performance, and improvement of n- p silicon detecters are described, along with circuitry designed for use with such detectors. Surface barrier detectors, junction detectors with P diffused into p-type Si, Li-drifted detectors, and Ga-diffused B-- Si detectors were considered. (D.C.W.)


In this paper we introduce some results on difference cordial graphs and describe the difference cordial labeling for some families of graphs.


Abstract Plastic packaging materials (PPMs) protect food from contamination, maintain quality, and ease transportation and distribution. Additives included during the manufacturing and processing of PPMs improve flexibility, durability, barrier properties, and sometimes aid the processing itself. During processing, these additives, even the monomers used to produce the plastics, can produce side products or breakdown products as a result of degradation and various chemical reactions. These starting substances and reaction products include 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A), phthalates/phthalic acid esters, alkylphenols, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, which are considered endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may interfere with the human endocrine system and produce adverse reproductive, neurological, developmental, and immune effects. When in contact with food, EDCs can migrate into food if conditions are appropriate, thereby possibly jeopardizing food safety. Chemical risk assessment and regulatory control were developed to reduce human exposure to harmful migrated EDCs. This article gives an overview of the migration of EDCs from PPMs and control measures to reduce the risk of adverse impacts on human health.


The COVID-19 pandemic is a valuable opportunity to draw a series of important lessons that may be key to turning the tide and laying the foundations to face the new and unprecedented challenges that humanity will face in the coming years. after analysing the differences between this crisis and the two previous ones experienced in the 21st century, a series of lessons that should be considered stand out. Next, the Sustainable Development Goals and Human Rights are presented as key instruments to guide the construction of a new model that leaves no one behind and increases our resilience. Finally, it concludes by collecting a series of theoretical reflections that could be used as a methodology and possible content proposals in the design of a new model to face the challenges that the future holds, as well as the response to possible criticisms.


oriental craft a 'buzz' of enjoyment. Peter Wrike writes about the Jamestown replicas – the ships representing the English vessels which brought the first settlers to Virginia in 1607. This narrative is interesting but is inconclusive, especially as we learn that several replicas of individual ships have been built over fifty years, but in every case with an increase in size without clear justification or published systems of reverse engineering. The final three chapters are on the Schooner Sultana by Drew McMullen, the Bark Endeavour by Antonia Macarthur and the Pride of Baltimore by Andrew Davis. Antonia Macarthur's detailed article on Endeavour gives the full story of the ship's gestation and ultimate birth, but in a political frame. It does not cover some of the remarkable technical matters observed and addressed during construction – one of which was the ingenious method adopted to overcome hull planking shrinkage in the heat of the building shed in Fremantle in the early 1990s. Wisely, this book does not attempt to provide a list of replica ships, but it is a disappointment that some replicas are hardly mentioned; three unusual and well researched ships that could have added greatly to the breadth of the volume are the Russian replica Shtandart (1705) completed a few years ago in St Petersburg, the unique Vulcan of 1819 – the replica of the world's first iron ship built in Glasgow, and the deeply researched Jeanie Johnston, an Irish 'famine' ship of the 1840s which has crossed the Atlantic in record time with over 50 persons aboard. The latter ship (like almost all other sailing replicas) required the most careful evaluation of ballast, as this was seldom recorded in the nineteenth century, while today it is vital for the classing and certification of any new ship. One matter which is barely alluded to is the integration of accurate reconstruction with current maritime statutory regulations. There is little mention of the megayacht or similar rules which can be applied to most sailing replicas. This volume is a breakthrough; the reviewer is unaware of any book on this subject since William Baker's The Mayflower and other Colonial Vessels of 1983. fred m. walker tenterden, kent Short Notices


SUMMARY

A small-aperture (40 m) short-period seismic array was installed during four months on the Vercors massif (Western French Alps) at the top of a limestone column which collapsed one month and a half later. During this monitoring period, 193 seismic events were recorded by the seven seismometers of the array. Signal analysis yielded three main types of nearby seismic events to be identified from temporal and spectral characteristics: microearthquakes (single or multiple events), individual block falls and rock falls. It turned out that 60 per cent of the 193 events were classified as microearthquakes, exhibiting distinct P and S waves, while 17 per cent of these events remained unclassified. Out of the microearthquakes, 40 events with a good signal-to-noise ratio were selected and processed. P- and S-wave traveltimes were picked on the records and the inferred hypocentral distances agree with the two zones of the scarp exhibiting fresh ruptures after the fall. Polarization analysis of the 3-C records, along with numerical simulations, allowed discriminating between the two possible rupture mechanisms (toppling and sliding). Shear rupture (sliding) was the predominant mode in the lower part of the column whereas traction rupture (toppling) affected the upper part. Finally, the comparison between the ground motions recorded on the column and on the rock mass showed a systematic amplification on the column. Signal processing and numerical modelling both suggest that this amplification resulted from the excitation of the natural frequencies of the column and is particularly high (>3) for microearthquakes occurring at the column-to-mass interface.


This paper provides information regarding HPTLC-based analytical method development and evaluation of validation characteristics in accordance with best practice. As a result it meets standards comparable with other chromatographic techniques with specific aim to minimize confusion and methodological failure. The poor performance to the method development may be caused by systematic and scientific approach for the selection of separation mode, stationary phase and mobile phase not taken into consideration. The poor validation practice may be caused by validation guidelines which are not fully understood or partially neglected, steps of the analytical procedure are not fully considered during validation or specification limits defining validation characteristics are not described.


Based on the advantages of both wavelet analysis and artificial neural network, the wavelet neural network (WNN) model is established through coupling wavelet transform with BP neural network for forecasting the basin sediment yield. The time sequence of the annual sediment yield is decomposed and reconstructed into the low-frequency and high-frequency components by wavelet transform; then these components are predicted by optimized BP neural network respectively. Finally, the sum of the predicting values is the forecasting result of the sediment yield. The result shows that the hybrid model, compared with the traditional BP (TB) model, has high accuracy in the simulation and test of basin sediment yield, which can provide a scientific basis for ecological environment protection and water resource management in a basin.


F or a long time, white adipose tissue (WAT) has been regarded as an inert tissue for energy storage. With the rapidly rising incidence of the components of the metabolic syndrome— obesity, diabetes mellitus type II, and hypertension—in the industrialized world, these diseases have attracted increasing attention in research and health politics. In parallel, WAT was recognized as an active endocrine and paracrine organ that plays an important role in the metabolic syndrome. 1 Various studies within the past decade indicated that WAT in obesity is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation with secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemo-kines (see the Figure). Tumor necrosis factor-␣ was identified as the first molecular link between inflammation and obesity by Hotamisligil and coworkers: Expression of this cytokine was increased in WAT of obese mice 2 and correlated with obesity-induced insulin resistance. 3 Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is another cytokine critically involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. The serum levels of IL-6 positively correlate with obesity in humans and predict the risk of development of insulin resistance and diabetes melli-tus type 2. 4 IL-6 is produced by a variety of metabolic tissues that include WAT, hepatocytes, ␤-cells, and skeletal muscle. Thus, circulating IL-6 could mediate a crosstalk between these organs that results in a downward spiral toward sys-temic insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion. 5 Furthermore, obesity was found to be associated with mac-rophage accumulation in murine and human WAT. 6 Chemo-kines such as CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein-1␣ were reported to be increased in WAT of obese mice and to contribute to insulin resistance and macrophage recruitment. 7 Recently, a causal relationship between obesity, WAT inflammation , and insulin resistance was characterized for MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2: MCP-1 enhanced macrophage infiltration in WAT, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. 8 Obese mice with CCR2 deficiency exhibited decreased WAT inflammation and improved systemic insulin resistance. 9 The close relationship between WAT mass, the size of adipocytes in obesity, and the number of macrophages in WAT, as well as the level of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in WAT, suggests a paracrine crosstalk that involves adipose tissue macrophages and adipocytes. In addition, concomitant effects on liver steatosis and systemic insulin resistance imply more widespread endocrine effects of WAT inflammation in obesity. We learn now from Wu and colleagues 10 in this issue of Circulation that T cells and the chemokine …


The embodiments of the invention disclose a method for monitoring the number of user terminals and related equipment. The method comprises the following steps: monitoring equipment receives a notification message that a transmission event is detected reported by transmission equipment, wherein the notification message carries a policy identifier; the monitoring equipment adds one to a statistical number corresponding to the policy identifier; and when the statistical number is greater than a threshold of the number of user terminals associated with the policy identifier, the monitoring equipment controls transmission of the transmission event. Through the method, under the condition that transmission equipment reports a transmission event, the number of user terminals associated with the transmission event can be monitored, and the transmission of a transmission event beyond the threshold of the number of user terminals can be controlled in order to save the cost of transmission.


Psychoacoustic studies cast some doubt on the hypothesis that deficits in auditory temporal processing cause speech and language disorders. First, the temporal acuity of the auditory system so greatly exceeds that required by tasks considered to support this hypothesis [e.g., Tallal and Piercy, Nature241 , 468–469 (1973)] that disordered subjects would be quite unable to understand speech if their basic temporal processing were as imprecise as it is proposed to be. Second, in a study of 127 normal‐hearing listeners, nonsense‐syllable recognition was not correlated with temporal discrimination measured with various nonspeech stimuli, and the same result was later obtained for sentences, words and CV's, although all speech measures load on a common factor. Third, structural‐equation models were fitted to data collected from 24 college students with specific reading disabilities, and 70 who were ''normal.'' Data to be predicted included passage comprehension, word‐attack skills, and word identification. A mo...


Embryological character states are mapped on the diagrams of dicotyledons (G. Dahlgren 1989). The often well-defined pattern of distribution forms a basis for discussing and clarifying phylogenetic relations. It is shown how numerous embryological characters, alone or in combinations, support certain systematic constellations, even if the character states may have arisen independently within a varying number of evolutionary lines. Characters presented are: anther wall formation; tapetum types; cells in pollen grains at dispersal; microsporogenesis; ovule morphology; ovule integuments; endothelium; obturator; parietal tissue; embryo sac formation; antipodal cells; hypostase, embryogeny; polyembryony; endosperm formation; persistence of endosperm; ruminate endosperm; endosperm haustoria; perisperm; storage compounds in the endosperm; chlorophyllous embryo; embryo size, seed coat characters; arils; dry and wet stigma types.


Abstract : This document reports data relevant to cost-benefit evaluation of noise limits for Navy shipboard compartments. It relates noise effects, determined from subjective responses of personnel, to shipboard sound levels. It provides a procedure for determining noise-limit goals based on subjective noise effects, and proposes such goals for various types of compartments. Sound level data of existing ships are presented for estimating the amount of noise control required to meet present or proposed noise limits.


At the Low-Energy-Branch (LEB) of the Super-FRS at FAIR, precision measurements of very short-lived nuclei will be performed. For these experiments (MATS, LASPEC), the nuclei have to be stopped, cooled, separated and measured as fast and efficiently as possible. To achieve this goal, a multi-purpose, non-scanning mass spectrometer with single-ion sensitivity, a multiple-reflection tim eof-flight mass spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS), has been developed [1,2]. Applications. The MR-TOF-MS will be positioned behind the gas-filled stopping cell at the LEB, where it can be used as a broadband mass spectrometer, an isobar separator or a high-precision mass spectrometer: (i) The broadband mode will be used for optimization of the range and range-compression [3] in the Super-FRS and the stopping and extraction from the gas cell. A precise tuning of the range and the range compression is essential for experiments at MATS and LASPEC, because the range of the nuclei produced in the Super-FRS is 1000 times higher than the areal weight of the gas cell. (ii) Isobaric contaminatio n that is produced by secondary reactions in the degraders or by charge-exchange reactions [4] in the gas cell can be orders of magnitude larger than the ions of interest. In partic ular for fission fragments, the abundance of contaminants transmitted through the Super-FRS can be up to two orders of magnitude higher than that of the nuclei of interest. To remove these ions, the isobar separator mode is required, in which up to10 isobaric ions/s can be handled. (iii) The high-precision mode will enable mass measurements with an accuracy of 10 to 10 in about 2 ms. Thus the life-time of the ions to be measured is limited only by the extraction-time from the gas cell. The mass spectrometer is non-scanning and all isobaric ions can be measured simultaneously. Developments. The start of the time-of-flight measurement in the MR-TOF-MS is given by the injection of ions from an RF trap. The performance of the mass spectrometer is significantly determined by the characteristics of th e injected ion population. An injection trap system has been developed to provide cooled ion bunches of low emittance. It consists of three stages for fast ion cooling, while avoid ing collisional losses during ion ejection. A fast-switchi ng square wave RF source has been developed. It allows to switch off the RF during ejection in order to avoid a massdependens of the ion energies. The trap system has been set up and commissioned. Time-of-flight peak widths of about


The atmospheric burden of sulfur oxides is of interest because of the environmental effects of these acidic products. The heavier chalcogen elements, Se, and Te, occur in association with S in nature. Measurements of Se, Te, and 10 other elements in bulk atmospheric aerosol samples show a general enrichment of chalcogen and other volatile elements with Se and Te displaying enrichment factors (EF) relative to crustal abundances of about 2000 and 12,000, respectively. The distribution of Se, Te, and 10 other elements was also investigated in aerodynamically sized fractions of aerosols. The results show that a large fraction of the lithophile elements, like Fe, Al, and Ca are contained in the coarse aerosols (>2 ..mu..m). Most of the Te, Se, and other heavy volatile metals are contained in the fine aerosols (<2 ..mu..m), which account for 75% and 79% of the Te and Se, respectively. 31 references, 4 figures, 4 tables.


The essential oil of Nepeta glomerata from Lebanon was studied by means of GC and GC/MS analysis; 70 compounds were identified. The oil was constituted mainly by monoterpenes and the most abundant components were α-pinene, spathulenol and carvacrol. Nepeta glomerata oil showed antibacterial activity, particularly towards Gram-positive bacteria, and also inhibited LPS-induced NO production in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, with an IC50 value of 78.1 µg mL−1. Furthermore, an in vitro cytotoxic assay showed that the oil was more active on a renal adenocarcinoma cell line (48% of inhibition of proliferation at 100 µg mL−1) in comparison to an amelanotic melanoma.


This article explores the concept of the integrated assessment of the body functionality with an emphasis put on the involvement of regulatory systems in health and fitness activities for children.


Abstract : The GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites have become widely used for daily time comparisons between the major time and frequency laboratories. The precision of time comparison by GPS satellites is now between one and a few tens of nanoseconds depending upon the distance between the laboratories. In the case of long-distance time comparisons, the ionospheric effect is one of the largest sources of uncertainty. To compensate for the ionospheric effect, we have developed a novel GPS receiver which measures the total electron content (TEC) along the signal path to the GPS satellite. It uses the property of cross-correlation between the P-code (Precise-code) signals which are transmitted Erom GPS satellites by L1 (1575.42 MHz) and 4, (1227.6 MHz), without demodulating P-code signal. Preliminary results using the prototype receiver give, for about 3 minutes observation time, an uncertainty in the measurement of TEC of 2 x 1016/m2, equivalent to an uncertainty in the delay of L1 signal of 1 ns. We have begun to apply the results of this receiver to the time comparisons between USA and Europe.


In clinical research there are important moral arguments supporting the need to offer a compensation to the injured research participants. Bene fi cence justi fi es compensation at least for the expenses of "reparative" health care, while justice requires that the risks of research do not fall exclusively on the research participants. Although the ethical arguments for compensating injured participants are generally acknowledged, the practical details are complicated — particularly the determination of the extent and duration of coverage and the assignment of responsibility for paying compensation.In this paper we analyze how several national legislations, in the United States and Europe deal with the following problems: the voluntary or compulsory requirement to draw up an insurance for the research participants; the kind of compensable injuries including death, serious harm, pain, suffering and economic losses; the compensability of harms which are inevitable in a trial and of health problems which can depend on a subject's noncompliance or on the natural progression of the subject's disease; the importance of the informed consent document and the details to be given to the research participants; the rules for compensation in phase 1 and phase 2 trials and in phase 3 and phase 4 trials, or the distinction among trials involving different levels of risk; the possibility to provide a no-fault compensation to the injured research participants when negligence cannot be established; the rules on insurance and compensation in public and private research; the actors responsible to provide compensation to the injured subjects (the State, private insurances, or both); the availability of temporal indications for the compensation of research participants.The comparative analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the analyzed legislations and proposes a model for the insurance and compensation of the injured research participants, which hopefully promotes the principles of bene fi cence, autonomy and justice in research.


Abstract An etchant previously used to reveal graphite precipitates in TiC mono-crystals has been found to reveal dislocations intersecting the {100} cleavage surfaces in VC monocrystals. Some observations on plastically deformed crystals are reported.


This work presents a new approach for modelling "unknown unknowns" in Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems. We first address the question of how to adapt to unknown users, using a combination of cluster-based user modelling and Pareto optimal Multi-Objective Optimisation. Next, we present a corpus study on generating referring expressions (RE) for instruction giving in the real-world, where the visual scene complexity is (currently) unknown. We find significant differences between REs generated in the virtual and the real world and draw general conclusions for NLG systems.


This paper presents a power electronic interface (PEI) converter with three ports to connect a Photovoltaic system and a DC-microgrid to the main grid. The proposed converter is based on asymmetric Γ-source inverter, which makes two controllable ports in its DC side without utilizing any excessive DC/DC converters, which make it interesting for multi-port applications. The PEI system is expected to regulate DC-microgrid voltage to its reference voltage while keeping PV voltage to its reference value provided by maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm in a certain direction of the PV panel determined by sun tracker controller (STC). For avoiding interference between STC system and MPPT algorithm, the PV voltage controller is designed much faster than STC, therefore until the next updating of the PV panel direction, the PV voltage controller can change PV voltage in some steps to find maximum power point. To this aim, the dynamic model of the PEI system is obtained using average state model and the appropriate control system is designed based on dynamic model of the system. According to the two degree of freedom in asymmetric Γ-source inverter pulse width modulation composed of inverter modulation index and inverter shoot through duty cycle, the control system are able to control DC-microgrid and PV voltage independently. The inverter shoot through duty cycle is used to control the PV voltage while the inverter modulation index, which is generated in AC current controller, is utilized for regulating the DC-microgrid voltage. The performance of the proposed control system for creating a DC-microgrid PV system is evaluated using simulation in MATLAB/Simulink.


SUMMARYComparison of yield performance of the dwarf orange and green coconuts of the West coast of India, their off-type progenies, tail 'female' × dwarf 'male' hybrids and West Coast Talls grown in the Central Coconut Research Station, Kasaragod showed that the off-type progenies of the orange dwarf are very economic yielders. Though they have been considered by earlier workers to be products of out-cross of the dwarfs with tall 'males', controlled crosses conducted in this Station show that ca. 50% of the progenies of dwarf orange 'female' × tall 'male' and ca. 75% of those of dwarf green 'female' × tall 'male' crosses turn out to be of the purely dwarfish type. Irrespective of the colour characters of the tall pollen parents used, the off-type progenies of the orange dwarfs showed reddish petiole colour; those of the green dwarf were mostly green. Under controlled selfing of the orange dwarf, seedlings resembling the natural off-type progenies were obtained in the same frequency as under open pollinati...


Center for Studies on New Religions (CESNUR), 20-23 June 2002, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Call for papers: Organized jointly with the University of Utah and CESNUR, and in cooperation with the Institute for the Study of American Religion (ISAR) and the Brigham Young University International Center for Law and Religion Studies. This international conference will allow scholars from around the world to share their insights and perceptions concerning the reaction and adaptation of individuals, religions, and secular institutions to the growing diversity within many countries. The formal proceedings will begin on the evening of Thursday, 30 June, and will end on Sunday, 23 June. Before and after the conference there will be an opportunity to visit major attractions in Salt Lake City and other locations of interest in Utah. Speakers are invited from a broad range of disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, social psychology, history of religion, law, religious studies and theology. Graduate students are welcome. Unfortunately no scholarships will be available to cover the costs of travel or for hotels. Send three copies of a short c.v. and a one-page proposal, either by email to CESNUR (email@example.com) and to Michael W. Homer (firstname.lastname@example.com) and to W. Cole Durham, Jr. (email@example.com), or by mail to CESNUR, Via Confienza 19, 10121 Torino, Italy and to Michael W. Homer, Esq. at Suitter Axland, 175 South West Temple, Suite 700, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, USA, and to W. Cole Durham, Jr., BYU International Center for Law and Religion Studies, Brigham Young University, 412 JRCB, Provo, UT 84602, USA. Faxed messages may be sent to CESNUR at +39-011-541905. Proposals must be received on or before 31 January 2002.


Human action recognition from video sequences is a challenging topic in computer vision research. In recent years, many studies have explored the use of deep learning representations to consistently improve the analysis accuracy. Meanwhile, designing a fast and reliable framework is becoming increasingly important given the exponential growth of video data collected for many purposes (e.g. public security, entertainment, and early medical diagnosis etc.). In order to design a more efficient automatic human action annotation method, the sequential probability ratio test, one of the classical statistical sampling scheme, is adapted to solve a multi-classes hypothesis test problem in our work. With the proposed algorithm, the computational cost is reduced significantly without sacrificing the performance of the underlying system. The experimental results based on the UCF101 data set demonstrated the efficiency of the framework compared to the fixed sampling scheme.


SUMMARY The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans to launch a geostationary satellite called Engineering Test Satellite VIII (ETS-VIII) in FY 2006. In this paper, a microstrip line array antenna, which has a very simple structure, is introduced to radiate a circularly polarized wave aiming at ETS-VIII applications. This antenna consists of a triangular conducting line with its vertexes rounded off, located above a ground plane, with a gap on one of its side to produce a circular polarization. The proposed antenna is analyzed by numerical simulations for a single element as well as for a three elements array configuration and the possibility of beam-switching in the azimuth space is experimentally confirmed in the latter case. It is found that by properly feeding the elements constituting the array antenna, for an elevation angle El = 48 ◦ in Tokyo area, three beams are created in the conical-cut direction with a minimum gain more than 6.6 dBic and an axial ratio less than 3 dB.


5594 Background: Molecular subtyping of endometrial cancer (EC), unlike histopathological evaluation, offers an objective and reproducible classification system that has strong prognostic value and therapeutic implications. The Proactive Molecular risk classifier for Endometrial cancer (ProMisE) was developed by our team as a pragmatic, cost-effective, and clinically applicable molecular classifier for EC patients. ProMisE has four subtypes: (i) POLE mutant ( POLEmut), (ii) mismatch repair deficient (MMRd), (iii) p53 abnormal (p53abn) by immunohistochemistry, and (iv) NSMP (No Specific Molecular Profile), lacking any of the defining features of the other three subtypes. While ProMisE subtypes are associated with clinical outcomes, within each subtype, there are clinical/prognostic outliers. This is particularly true within the largest ProMisE subtype; NSMP (representing ̃50% of ECs), where a subset of patients experience a very aggressive disease course, comparable to what is observed in patients with p53abn ECs. Methods: We hypothesized that objective assessment of the digitized hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histopathology slides of the largest and most diverse EC subset, NSMP, could potentially identify clinical outcome outliers. As such, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based image analysis model to identify the NSMP cases that had similar histopathological features to the p53abn subtype, as assessed by H&E stain. We used a discovery cohort of 182 and an external validation cohort of 195 NSMP ECs. Results: Our AI-based image analysis model, based on deep convolutional neural networks, identified 21 (11.5%) out of the 182 NSMP cases with similar histopathological features as p53abn cases. We refer to these cases as 'p53abn-like' NSMPs. Compared to the rest of the NSMP cases, these cases had markedly inferior disease-specific survival (DSS) (10-year DSS 58.9% vs. 93.1% ( p<3.44e-8)) and progression-free survival (PFS) (10-year PFS 55.1% vs. 91.4% ( p<3.76e-6)). These findings were confirmed in our validation cohort, with 10.7% of the 195 patients categorized as 'p53abn-like' tumors with 10-year DSS of 82% vs. 51.3% ( p<5.28e-5) and PFS of 89.3% vs. 56.6% (p<2.15e-4). Conclusions: Utilizing an AI-based approach for histopathology image analysis, we have discovered 'p53abn-like' NSMPs, a novel subtype of NSMP ECs with morphological features similar to p53abn cases. 'p53abn-like' NSMPs exhibit similar clinical behavior as p53abn, having noticeably inferior outcome compared to the rest of the NSMP cases in two independent cohorts. These findings warrant further molecular investigation of this novel subtype of EC to identify the biological underpinning and future therapeutic strategies.


This article reviews responses of South African clinical psychologists to multicultural issues within an increasingly diverse and globalised context. Psychological perspectives on diversity, multiculturalism, and globalisation are presented initially as background to a review of multicultural and cross-cultural clinical psychological research conducted within the South African context. The discussion is located within the context of South African psychologists' historical response to multicultural issues, within a unique socio-political situation. Implications for ongoing development of relevant clinical psychology services to address the diverse needs of all sectors of South African society are also discussed.


Objective: To investigate the effect of microcatheter in chemoembolization of HCC. Methods Using 4 - F - 5 - F Yashiro/Kouno and 5 - F Hook catheters as guiding catheter,3 - F microcatheter was put into segmental hepatic artery or tumor feeding artery and chemoembolization was carried out. Results All 35 cases had 50 times chemoembolizations totally, of them, 16 cases with small HCC had segmental TAE and 19 cases with large but localized HCC had right/left hepatic artery or anterio/posterio brtanch of right hepatic artery embolization, 1-2 year survial rates were 100%, 87. 5% and 52. 6%,42. l% respectively after TAE. Liver function damage after TAE was slight and no complications occurred. Conclusion Improving embolization precision by using microcatheter is valuable in the cases with small HCC or large but localized HCC with tortuous hepatic artery,hepatic artery stenosis after injury and variations.


In Argentine agriculture, the process of «agriculturization" is associated with changes in technology, expansion of the agricultural frontier to the extra-Pampean regions, and increasing monocultures. Until the late 1930s, agricultural expansion was mainly based on expanding the agricultural frontier by occupying new lands, over 30% of total agricultural land and livestock in the humid pampas. Since the 1960s, agriculturization has been achieved at the expense of areas devoted to ranching, industrial crops, and forest lands. In the 1990s, land concentration and intensification 01' agriculture greatly accelerated, both in the pampas and in extra-Pampean regions (Northwest and Northeast). Between 1988 and 2002 an intense process of concentration of land ownership, accompanied by further agricultural conversion to soybean, took place too. The loss of native forest resources in Argentina is directly related to the expansion of the agricultural frontier. This article explains: 1) the deforestation/ agricultural frontier expansion in Argentina, 2) the environmental changes caused by this process, 3) actions from social actors involved in this process.


In this paper, cognitive load analysis via acoustic-and CAN-Bus-based driver performance metrics is employed to assess two different commercial speech dialog systems (SDS) during in-vehicle use. Several metrics are proposed to measure increases in stress, distraction and cognitive load and we compare these measures with statistical analysis of the speech recognition component of each SDS. It is found that care must be taken when designing an SDS as it may increase cognitive load which can be observed through increased speech response delay (SRD), changes in speech production due to negative emotion towards the SDS, and decreased driving performance on lateral control tasks. From this study, guidelines are presented for designing systems which are to be used in vehicular environments.


Business outlays on new capital goods— structures and equipment—will probably exceed $220 billion in 1978. Thatwill be about 16 percent more than the record high set last year. Perhaps half the rise will represent price inflation. As a proportion of GNP, capital outlays will increase to about 10.6 percent this year. In a statistical record that begins in 1929, this ratio has been surpassed only twice, in 1966 and 1974, and then only slightly. Equipment order backlogs and the recent high volume of nonresidential construction contracts suggest the uptrend will continue into 1979. Capital spending has been frequently characterized as sluggish. This seems paradoxical in view of the high current and prospective levels of spending. The judgment takes on more weight, however, when relative rates of inflation and the growing amount of capital spending going for nonproductive purposes that do not add capacity or improve efficiency are taken into account. These nonproductive capital outlays include spending to comply with government regulations relating to environment, health and safety, and other social objectives. They also include energy-related spending to develop increasingly scarce resources, to improve fuel efficiency, and to convert operations to coal and other fuels. They include substantial outlays on projects that have been delayed or abandoned because of lawsuits, often costly in themselves, pressed by both public bodies and private parties. In some industries—motor vehicles, for example—management contends that nonproductive outlays account for the bulk of current and prospective capital spending programs. Capital spending data usually appear as gross figures, rather than as net figures that allow for erosion of the existing capital stock. The same factors that force nonproductive outlays have also stepped up obsolescence and retirements of existing assets. These nonproductive outlays cannot be quantified with precision. It seems probable, however, that current capital spending does not fully offset the erosion of existing stock. If so, net investment is actually negative. Aside from adding to capacity, a high level of capital spending is essential to the fight against inflation. New and better capital goods provide the surest means of increasing productivity (output per worker hour) and holding down costs of production. One thing is certain. Capital spending will have to increase substantially relative toGNP if living standards are to rise, or even be maintained.


Acknowledgements Preface Notes on Method 1 Introduction 2 Understanding the Sources of the Somali Conflict 3 Clan Identity and Implications for Peacebuilding in Somalia 4 Making Sense of Islam and Islamic Awakening in Somalia 5 Revisiting US Policy Toward Somalia after September 11th 6 The Role of Regional Countries and Organisations in the Somali Conflict 7 Peacebuilding Education: Contested Resource and Vehicle for Social Transformation 8 Role for the International Community: Options and Implications 9 Conclusions: Way Forward Further Research Recommendations Bibliography Index


The invention discloses a high-performance zinc-silver battery. An anode of the zinc-silver battery comprises 70-75% of zinc oxide powder and 25-30% of zinc powder by mass. Through study, the anode comprises 88.2-93.1% of zinc oxide powder, 4.9-9.8% of zinc powder and about 2% of additives. By adopting the anode composition, the stability of the output voltage when variable current works is improved by 14-18%, the discharge capacity of the battery is increased by more than or equal to 10% and the specific energy of the battery is improved by more than or equal to 10%.


Abstract Background There are 1.14 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States, and only about 86% are diagnosed. HIV diagnosis is the first step to care and expanded testing is essential to reduce transmission. Individuals with undiagnosed HIV have a transmission rate 3.5 times higher than those aware of their infection. Individuals seeking testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a higher risk population for HIV infection. Despite revised Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations to expand HIV testing in healthcare settings, testing remains low. A significant obstacle to expanded testing, especially in emergency departments (EDs), is concern about ensuring appropriate HIV test tracking and follow-up. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients presenting with symptoms of an STI between January 1, 2015 and July 8, 2019 at eight Beaumont Health EDs in Southeast Michigan. De-identified data was collected from the electronic health record (EHR) for patients aged 10 and older who had testing for one or more STIs including gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia. Patients were evaluated for concurrent HIV testing during the encounter, and patients known to be HIV infected were excluded. Results Of 32,640 encounters during which patients not known to be HIV infected were tested for STIs, only 68 (0.21%) included HIV antibody/antigen screening. Of those tested, only one (1.47%) returned reactive. The remaining 67 screenings returned non-reactive. Applying only 10% of this diagnosis rate to the total number of STI encounters suggests an opportunity to diagnose 47 additional individuals; applying 50% of this rate and the corresponding value is 239 individuals. Conclusion These results highlight the need for expanded HIV screening in EDs. Systematic HIV test tracking and follow-up removes this burden from ED providers and enables expanded HIV testing in these settings. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


Inequality means different things to different people: whether inequality should encapsulate ethical concepts such as the desirability of a particular system of rewards or simply mean differences in income is the subject of much debate. Here we will conceptualise inequality as the dispersion of a distribution, whether that be income, consumption or some other welfare indicator or attribute of a population.


Layered anion order in Ba2H3X (X = halogen) stabilizes its high-symmetry structure, enabling excellent H− conduction below 300°C. The introduction of chemical disorder by substitutional chemistry into ionic conductors is the most commonly used strategy to stabilize high-symmetric phases while maintaining ionic conductivity at lower temperatures. In recent years, hydride materials have received much attention owing to their potential for new energy applications, but there remains room for development in ionic conductivity below 300°C. Here, we show that layered anion-ordered Ba2−δH3−2δX (X = Cl, Br, and I) exhibit a remarkable conductivity, reaching 1 mS cm−1 at 200°C, with low activation barriers allowing H− conduction even at room temperature. In contrast to structurally related BaH2 (i.e., Ba2H4), the layered anion order in Ba2−δH3−2δX, along with Schottky defects, likely suppresses a structural transition, rather than the traditional chemical disorder, while retaining a highly symmetric hexagonal lattice. This discovery could open a new direction in electrochemical use of hydrogen in synthetic processes and energy devices.


This paper proposes new partial discharge (PD) pattern recognition based on the Hilbert–Huang Transform (HHT). First, five types of defect models are well-designed on the base of investigation of many power equipment failures, and a commercial acoustic emission (AE) sensor measures the acoustic signal caused by the PD phenomenon. Next, the HHT can represent instantaneous frequency components through empirical mode decomposition (EMD), then transform to a 3D energy spectrum. Finally, the feature parameters of energy are extracted from the 3D Hilbert spectrum, using a neural network (NN) for PD recognition. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the identification ability is investigated on 150 sets of field-tested PD patterns of defect models. The proposed method can easily separate different defect types and shows good tolerance when random noise is added.


In this paper I am going to present how to create an analyzer that reveals inadequate programming style or overcomplicated erlang [8, 9] program constructs during the whole lifecycle of the code using complexity measures describing the program. The algorithm [4, 6, 7], which I present here is also based upon the analysis of the semantic graph built from the source code (which, in this case, is naturally based on the measurements of structural complexity), but at this stage we can define default complexity measures, and these defaults are compared to the actual measured values of the code, and so the dierences can be indicated. The impact analysis of the transformations is theoretical but based on conclusions, as these statements are proven by running tests and interpreting the results on the implemented analyzing prototype. On the other hand I show the algorithm measuring code complexity in Erlang programs, that provides automatic code transformations based on these measures. I created a script language that can calculate the structural complexity of Erlang source codes, and based on the resulting outcome providing the descriptions of transformational steps. With the help of this language we can describe automatic code transformations based on code complexity measurements. I define the syntax [5] of the language that can describe those series of steps in these automatic code refactoring that are complexity measurement [2, 3] based, and present the principle of operation of the analyzer and runtime providing algorithm. Besides the introduction of the syntax and use cases, I present the results we can achieve using this language. After defining and implementing the language [12, 13, 14], I create several scripts solving source code transformational problems that are based on complexity measures, and present their run-time results, proving their usability. The transformation scripts created by me were applied on the source code of large programs, too. In this paper I present the results I measured during This research was supported by the European Union and the State of Hungary, co-financed by the European Social Fund in the framework of TAMOP 4.2.4. A/2-11-1-2012-0001 'National Excellence Program'.


This consensus statement provides new recommendations for primary care assessment of ear health and hearing status of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children who are not known to have, or are not being actively managed for, ear health and hearing problems. Any child identified with otitis media should be actively managed. This national consensus statement extends existing treatment and management guidelines.


The objective of this paper is to study theoretically and numerically the effect of thermal radiation on mixed convection boundary layer flow of a dissipative micropolar non-Newtonian fluid from a continuously moving vertical porous sheet. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of non-linear differential equations by using similarity transformations. These equations are solved iteratively with the Bellman-Kalaba quasi-linearization algorithm. This method converges quadratically and the solution is valid for a large range of parameters. The effects of transpiration (suction or injection) parameter, buoyancy parameter, radiation parameter and Eckert number on velocity, microrotation and temperature functions have been studied. Under a special case comparison of the present numerical results is made with the results available in the literature and an excellent agreement is found. Additionally skin friction and rate of heat transfer have also been computed. The study has appli...


The new science of restoration ecology offers those who work towards ecological
restoration an evaluative framework for measuring success. This research project
considers the restoration work carried out on four mined sites in the Box and Ironbark
Forest Ecosystem of North Central Victoria. To measure success, vegetation cover and
height, along with thirteen environmental variables and three site characteristics, were
recorded in four mine sites and compared to nearby forest controls. It was found that
mined sites had fewer native species than the control sites, and soil fertility and litter
cover were less. Five floristic communities were described from the mined areas and
controls, two of which are restricted to mined areas. Global Non-parametric Multi
Dimensional Scaling of the vegetation data and vector fitting of the environmental and
site variables also showed that strong floristic differences exist between mined and
control areas at most sites. As restoration attempts were similar at each site, ecosystem
resilience was considered as the main contributing factor to the different degrees of
success. It was found that mined areas with prolonged disturbance regimes shared less
in common with their control. Weed cover was not found to be significantly different
between the controls and mined areas. This study serves as baseline data for long term
research and recommends that clear goals and objectives need to be implemented in
determining successful mine site restoration in the Box and Ironbark Ecosystem.


The process of maintaining the temperature and moisture conditions of concrete is termed as Curing. It is a must for the hydration reaction of concrete to occur which leads to its strength generation. Moisture, heat and time are the different components that constitute curing. Curing directly affects strength, re- sistance to freezing, abrasion and scaling resistance, chemical attack resistance etc. Different methods like shading, covering with gunny or hessian bags, mem- brane curing, and ponding method can be used for curing. In this paper we are using different colored polythene sheets (black, white, blue and pink) for curing. Compressive strengths and density are also compared with normal curing method. A total of 9 cubes are prepared for each type of colored paper curing. Three cubes are then tested at 7, 14 and 28 of curing for compressive strength. This study also identifies the best colored polythene sheet that can be used for curing.


Virus quantitation is discussed stressing the discrepancy between the biological titer and the physical virus particle count. When both these techniques are used in conjunction, one can more realistically catalog viral properties. The merits of this technique are exemplified in a study of the growth kinetics and properties of vesicular stomatitis virus in tissue culture.


(57) Abstract: hydrophilic polymeric article (10) has a dispersed metal oxide particles through polymeric binder material (12). Processing the major surface (18) of polymeric material (12) to remove the binder polymer, provide a higher ratio of the metal atom / carbon atom with respect to its interior on the major surface (18) of the polymeric article (10) to. Polymeric article (10) provides a significant water spreading effect on the major surface (18), and particularly suitable for use article (10) as a surface covering on retroreflective sheeting (16).


The study is aimed to describe endocentric noun phrase of Ponosakan language. The issue that is analyzed in the study  deals with type, category, and relation of meaning on the endocentric noun phrase of Ponosakan language. The issue  is analyzed by referring to the theory of Zaenal Arifin and Junaiyah. The method used in this study is qualitative  descriptive method. The result shows that endocentric nominal phrase of Ponosakan language covers coordinative  phrase, phrase attributive, and appositive phrase. Categories of endocentric noun phrase found, among which, noun +  noun, noun + verb, noun + adjective, noun + numeral, numeral + noun, noun + adverb, noun + preposition, noun  + determiner, while the meanings among elements of endocentric noun phrase of Ponosakan, i.e. additional meaning,  selection meaning, clarification meaning, limitation meaning, and meaning of determiner or indicator.


In this study we compare turbulent energy fluxes obtained from eddy covariance (EC) (LI-7500A, LI-COR + Windmaster, Gill Instruments) and large aperture scintillometer (BLS900, Scintec) over an agricultural field (wheat field, straw and bare soil). As the EC method provides direct measurements of sensible heat (HEC) and latent heat (LEEC) fluxes we use it as a reference method. The EC method enables to determine fluxes within a footprint centered around the point of measurement in the middle of the field. The scintillometer provides an estimation of sensible heat flux (HSC), derived from air refractive index fluctuation integrated over the measurement path length, in this case 570 m diagonally across whole field. The reference measurements of the radiation balance components consist of 4-component net radiometer for net radiation (Rn) (NR01, Hukseflux), three soil heat flux plates for soil heat flux (G) monitoring (HFP01, Hukseflux), including thermocouples for quantification of the heat storage above the soil heat flux plates. The scintillometer-based latent heat (LESC) is calculated as a residuum from available energy (Rn-G) and HSC, provided by scintillometer. The measurement of radiation balance components was located at the top of 3.5 m mast with the EC system, while the soil heat flux plates were collocated around in 5 cm depth. The site is a flat, rectangular agricultural field (app. 16.5 ha), in the north-eastern Austria, Danube river lowland (48.21N, 16.622E), sown with winter wheat during growing season 2019. The measurement campaign was established in February 2019 with aim for multi-seasonal monitoring. The EC measurement height is 2.7 m, the scintillometer transmitter and receiver are fixed on 4 m masts, facing towards each other from NW and SE corners of the field.

Comparison of the EC-based turbulent fluxes (HEC+LEEC) and the available energy (Rn-G) during the period March to Mid-June showed a very good agreement, resulting in the energy balance closure of 0.96 (R2 = 0.93). This suggest high accuracy and robustness of the measurement setup together with the ability of the EC method to capture all scales of eddies responsible for energy transport at this site. The comparison of methods indicates that HSC overestimated HEC by 10 % (R2 = 0.74) and LESC underestimated LEEC by 13 % (R2 = 0.81). Related to Rn, the HEC, LEEC and G fluxes accounted for 22 % (R2 = 0.53), 59 % (R2 = 0.70) and 15% (R2 = 0.62) of the Rn flux, respectively. We assume that the combination of EC and scintillometer method has a potential to bring deeper insight into the analysis of the energy balance closure problem.


\Ve present measurements of the autoand cross-£i-equency correlation power spectra of the cosmic (sub)millimeter background at: 250, :350, and 500 ~m (1200, 860, and 600 GHz) from observations made with the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope, BLAST; and at 1:380 and 20:30 ~m (218 and 148 GHz) £i-om observations made with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, ACT. The overlapping observations cover 8.6 deg in an area relatively free of Galactic dust near the south ecliptic pole (SEP). The ACT bands are sensitive to radiation from the CMB, the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect from galaxy clusters, and to emission by radio and dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs), while the dominant contribution to the BLAST bands is from DSFGs. We confirm and extend the BLAST analysis of clustering with an independent pipeline, and also detect correlations between the ACT and BLAST maps at over 250' significance, which we interpret as a detection of the DSFGs in the ACT maps. In addition to a Poisson component in the cross-frequency power spectra, we detect a clustered signal at 40', and using a model for the DSFG evolution and number counts, we successfully fit all our spectra with a linear clustering model and a bias that depends only on red shift and not on scale. Finally, the data are compared to, and generally agree with, phenomenological models for the DSFG population. This study represents a first of its kind, and demonstrates the constraining power of the cross-frequency correlation technique to constrain models for the DSFGs. Similar analyses with more data will impose tight constraints 011 future models. Subject headings: cosmology: cosmic microwave background, cosmology: cosmology: observations, submillimeter: galaxies infrared: galaxies galaxies: evolution (cosmology:) large-scale structure of universe 1 Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto. Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada 2 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA 3 Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, l\J 08544, USA 4 California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena. CA 91125. USA 5 Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada 6 Department of Astrophysics, Oxford University. Oxford. OXI3RH.UK 7 Departamento de Astronomia y Astrofisica, Facultad de Ffsica, Pontificia Universidad Cat6lica, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile 8 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA 9 Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics, LBL and Department of Physics, Univenoity of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. eSA 10 Department of


This article describes how the presidential contestation in 2014 was characterized by the presence of political volunteers. Here political volunteers is defined as a manifestation of strengthening active participation of citizens in promoting substantive democracy. This article argues that the rise of a new social movement has brought a tradition of voluntarism in politics. In addition he voluntarism has transformed the values of patrimonial political and oligarchy onto active popular voluntarism and participatory. The political volunteers who employed offline and online medium have clearly increased public participation in Indonesia. This article has also argued the presence of political volunteers has positively contributed to developtment of extra parlementary democracy model.


An increasing amount of carried transport mass, speed of transportation, intensity of traffic pose a threat to the ecosystem are presented. At risk are both the participants of the road and railroad traffic and the inhabitants of areas where those transport tasks are performed. The risk also applies to property and the natural environment – soil, water, air, and fauna. Therefore, providing the transports with high level of safety is of top priority. Assessment of the risk connected with transport of hazardous materials is closely related to evaluation of road traffic rules and their violations. The risk of occurrence of undesirable events during transportation of dangerous material is connected with such events as accidents, collisions, derailments, vehicle failures. Risk assessment of hazardous materials land transportation will make it possible to indicate the factors, which determine occurrence of undesirable events. An analysis of risk in land transport of hazardous materials will be made on the basis of data concerning results of road controls carried out by inspectors of Road Transport Inspection. In this research, an attempt has been made to evaluate the risk connected with land transport of hazardous materials with the use of available risk assessment methods.


The weakest point in the development of versatile Software Radio is the Analog-to-Digital converter, as very high performance is needed to transform RF or IF signals. Sigma-Delta (S?) converters are a good approach but they are limited primarily by the stability and the oversampling necessary to achieve a high resolution. In this paper we present a new hybrid S? converter that because of the characteristic strengths of each of the modules that comprises it, makes it a very attractive architecture to attack these two problems.


These days RFID chips are being implemented in everything within our daily lives whether it be in items which we buy in store, our cell phones, credit cards and transit cards and everything else in between. With this widespread implementation comes another avenue for hackers to potentially gain access in to our lives. This paper explores RFID skimming and cloning attacks related to the Presto transit card. We take a look at the RFID chip implemented within the presto card and the potential for a malicious user to skim data from this card using an RFID reader. We also look at the potential of said attacker to be able to clone our Presto card if they did obtain information from our card. Finally we propose a couple of solutions to the findings of these security vulnerabilities including the use of a PKI system with the Presto cards. KeywordsRFID, skimming, cloning, Presto


We show that the asymptotic complexity of uniformly generated (expressible in first-order (FO) logic) prepositional tautologies for the nullstellensatz proof system (NS) as well as for polynomial calculus, (PC) has four distinct types of asymptotic behavior over fields of finite characteristic. More precisely, based on some highly non-trivial work by Krajicek, we show that for each prime p there exists a function l(n) G isin Omega(log(n)) for NS and l(n) G Omega (log(log(n)) for PC, such that the prepositional translation of any FO formula (that fails in all finite models), has degree proof complexity over fields of characteristic p, that behave in 4 mutually distinct ways: (i) The degree complexity is bound by a constant. (ii) The degree complexity is at least l(n) for all values of n. (iii) The degree complexity is at least l(n) except in a finite number of regular subsequences of infinite size, where the degree is constant. (iv) The degree complexity fluctuates in a very particular way with the degree complexity taking different constant values on an infinite number of regular subsequences each of infinite size. We leave it as an open question whether the classification remains valid for l[n) isin nOmega(1) or even for I (n) isin Omega(n). Finally, we show that for any non-empty proper subset A sube {(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)} the decision problem of whether a given input FO formula Psi has type belonging to A - is undecidable.


The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors affecting customers' choice of vegetarian restaurants in Da Nang, Vietnam by surveying 118 people. We modified appropriately through evaluation by Cronbach's Alpha tool, correlation, regression analysis, EFA exploratory factor analysis, qualitative research, and quantitative research. The results show that four factors of the analysis model affect the intention and behaviour of customers to choose a vegetarian restaurant: (1) Quality of food, (2) Service, (3) Location and (4) Ambience of the restaurant. Since then, the study proposes some implications for restaurant owners to understand their customers' behavioural needs, to successfully market and achieve customers loyalty.


Electroformation法 に よるGUV生 成 に対 す る リン脂質 の 帯電 性 と電解 質 の影 響* 白 樫 了*1, 山 内 一 弘*1. 黒 田 真 史*2 Effects of Electrolytes and Lipid Charge on the Productivity of Giant Unilamelar Vesicle (GUV) by Electroformation Ryo SHIRAKASHI*3, Kazuhiro YAMAUCHI and Masafumi KURODA *3 Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505 Japan Sugars and related compounds are increasingly being used as potential cryoand lyo-protective agents for preservation of rare and valuable mammalian cells and tissues, although a high performance introduction of these compounds, especially oligo-saccharide, into living cells is one of the key technology. We propose Giant Unilamelar Vesicle (GUV) -cell electrofusion as a noble large molecular delivery method, which resembles native endocytosis of vesicles. Although there is few conventional methods to produce GUV, electroformation is one of the promising methods of producing GUV. For the better understanding of mechanism of electroformation, we investigate effects of extra-vesicle electrolytes (K+ and Ca2+) and charged lipids (L-α-Phosphatidylcholine; PC) on productivity of electroformed GUV. Zeta potential of PC in various concentration of CaCl2 solutions including glucose or trehalose was measured to estimate the amount of charge on PC. The results showed that trehalose inhibited PC to be charged by Ca", while glucose showed no inhibition. 2) PC in KCl solution was not charged. The number density and the averaged diameter of GUVs produced in various concentration of CaCl2 or KCl solutions were measured. Regardless of ion species, the GUV-productivity by electroformation decreases as the electric conductivity of extravesicles increases. It might be concluded that the electric conductivity of extra-vesicles plays more important role in electroformation than the charge of lipid.


The intervention presented here is designed to invert the idea of "externalising problems (White, 1989). The optimal time to undertake this intervention appears to be toward the end of the interview (before taking a break). However, I have found it useful on one occasion to proceed with this intervention just before a client has entered a meeting. It has proved useful thus far to attempt this intervention when clients are clear on what they want from you and are unsure of what the first step or a first step might be. Since my work is mainly with teenagers who are at risk of being looked after by the state, so far this client group is the only group with whom I have attempted this intervention.


Assemblies have been built for measuring gamma rays from coal following the capture of neutrons from /sup 252/Cf. Sources of sizes to 60 ..mu..g of calcium 1.4 x 10/sup 8/ n/s were used. Paraffin moderated the fast neutrons, and beryllium metal was useful as a reflector. The gamma-ray spectrum from a Ge(Li) detector showed that the line intensities of a number of elements (e.g., hydrogen, iron, sulfur, and silicon) could be used to determine concentrations. The aim was to explore possible application in planned coal conversion plants.