In some locations, the use of concrete block pavement (CBP) involves the combination of a very steep and storm-sensitive region with the consequent risk of high-velocity water flow on pavements. Under these conditions, and because of the special characteristics of CBP and its unknown response to high-velocity water flow, two problems must be addressed: (a) the danger of sand erosion from the bedding layer and the joints between the blocks, because of surface drainage and water flow, and (b) the danger of development of uplift forces from the downward water seepage. The cumulative effect of these two dangers may cause a gradual loss of support of the CBP, leading to total failure. CBP was tested under high-velocity water flow on a one-to-one scale, with definition of flow and failure mechanisms in the CBP and with the adoption of proper solutions. Five tests were performed in an experimental water flume, differing in type of bedding. Use of conventional sand bedding under continuous water-flow conditions was found to be inappropriate. Such bedding cannot provide the necessary stability for the CBP. However, the use of fine aggregate as bedding material ensured the stability of the CBP under continuous supercritical flow velocities and steep channel slopes. Excellent performance of the CBP was observed with the underlying fine aggregate bedding. The use of sufficiently coarse aggregate as bedding material is the proper engineering solution for preventing erosion and ensuring the absolute stability of a CBP under high water-flow velocities under supercritical conditions.


Summary form only given, as follows. Magnetic quadrupoles have long been used in accelerator research for focusing high-energy particle beams. The advent of high-field, rare-earth permanent magnet materials has also spurred interest in permanent magnet quadrupoles (PMQ's) since they are more lightweight and compact than their electromagnet counterparts and do not require power supplies or extraneous cooling. We study the potential use of closely-packed periodic permanent magnet quadrupoles for use in microwave tubes. In the most basic configuration, PMQ's require four separate magnets in any given transverse plane, hence they are more expensive and complicated to assemble than conventional PPM stacks. Despite this fact, the stronger focusing available from PMQ's may make them attractive for high-perveance beams, even at the low beam voltages generally of interest for compact slow-wave devices. Being iron-free systems, PMQ arrays may also lead to reductions in tube weight. We will compare and contrast PMQ and PPM stacks in terms of the beam focusing and beam quality that each provide and in terms of the comparative cost and difficulty of assembly. Results from two-dimensional beam envelope calculations and particle-in-cell simulations will be discussed.


DOI:10.1097/MOP.0000000000000640 In this issue of Current Opinion in Pediatrics, we have chosen broad topics to discuss updated management of cutaneous disorders including acne and infantile haemangioma in children. Cutaneous manifestations due to nutritional deficiency and opportunistic infection among paediatric patients with complex medication conditions were reviewed. With a worldwide increase in the number of paediatric transplant patients, dermatologists are becoming an important part of care team particular before and immediately after transplant. Authors of each subject have included the most recent literature to highlight clinical advancements and address practice gaps. Discussion on management of these skin conditions is based on the best-known evidence or practice consensus published to date. Objective evaluations of the recommendations are also provided to in the most relevant clinical context possible. Acne remains to be one of the most common inflammatory skin conditions among adolescents encountered by paediatrician in ambulatory clinics. It is estimated affecting more than 80% of teenagers in the United States. The review in this issue by Mwanthi et al. (pp. 492–498) has aimed to update primary care providers and specialists about recent data on the pathogenesis and treatment of acne in adolescents. The effects of diet and the role of insulin growth factor (IGF-1) have been reviewed in the pathogenesis of acne. A special effort was made by the authors to summarize recent guidelines and fill in practice gaps identified. Although the importance of retinoids is discussed for both treatment and maintenance, emphasis is placed on good stewardship in the long-term use of antibiotics for inflammatory acne. Neither oral nor topical antibiotics are recommended as monotherapy for acne vulgaris due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. When conventional therapy is no longer effective, alternate treatments, such as combined oral contraceptives in women or systemic isotretinoin, should be promptly employed to prevent prolonged psychological impact and cutaneous scarring. The benefits of beta-blocker in the treatment of infantile haemangioma were discovered by Léauté-


Poisson Image Editing refers to a family of methods introduced in (Pérez, Gangnet, and Blake 2003) that rely on the resolution of the Poisson equation to perform seamless editing of images. Typical use cases include: healing of images from damaged or missing data, image enhancements, e.g. the removal of skin blemishes in portraits, heavy image editing, for example the concealement of objects. The GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) "Heal tool" implements a Poisson Image Editing method1, described in the documentation as "a smart clone tool on steroids", because: 1the GIMP developers state that they use the method described in (Georgiev 2005), a variant of the original design that is invariant under relighting, but a closer examination of the source code shows that they actually use the original method.


This study aimed to explore the description of the health behavior of hypertension sufferers in coastal areas, especially in Ketapang District, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. This study uses a qualitative method with a narrative approach with unstructured interviews. The study's results identified seven main themes: food and drink consumption patterns at risk of hypertension, smoking habits, lack of physical activity, poor stress management, use of hormonal contraception, non-compliance with antihypertensive drug therapy, and routine blood pressure checks. The conclusions from the statements of twenty-seven informants who experienced hypertension had health behaviors that were at risk of hypertension in the form of eating and drinking patterns that were at risk of hypertension, active and passive smoking habits, lack of physical activity, poor stress management, disobedience with drug therapy antihypertensives, and some check their blood pressure regularly and also those who do not have their blood pressure checked periodically.

Keywords: Hypertension, Health Behavior, Coastal, Qualitative Study


Evaluation of different lamp types in a luminaire using a given ballast will show variations in efficiency, due to thermal, and other, factors. Investigations have shown that if modified photometric procedures are performed using an absolute basis rather than a rated lumen basis, great differences in candlewpoer values may be obtained which correspond to field experience. Certain ballast/lamp combinations, while very efficient in terras of the ratio of luminaire lumens to bare lamp lumens, develop a lumen delivery considerably lower than the lamp-rated lumens.This paper will report upon measurements of lamp and ballast combinations and indicate the seriousness of the problem. "Luminaire Factor" is defined, which allows lighting design calcualtions to be corrected for the difference between Absolute and Rated-Lamp Lumens. A further problem considered in the paper is a correction of photometric test reports due to air movement and temperature. An "Application Factor" is proposed which allows compensation fo...


A very important issue faced by researchers and practitioners who use industrial and research databases is incompleteness of data, usually in terms of missing or erroneous values. While some of data analysis algorithms can work with incomplete data, a large portion of them require complete data. Therefore, different strategies, such as deletion of incomplete examples, and imputation (filling) of missing values through variety of statistical and machine learning (ML) procedures, are developed to preprocess the incomplete data. This study concentrates on performing experimental analysis of several algorithms for imputation of missing values, which range from simple statistical algorithms like mean and hot deck imputation to imputation algorithms that work based on application of inductive ML algorithms. Three major families of ML algorithms, such as probabilistic algorithms (e.g. Naive Bayes), decision tree algorithms (e.g. C4.5), and decision rule algorithms (e.g. CLIP4), are used to implement the ML based imputation algorithms. The analysis is carried out using a comprehensive range of databases, for which missing values were introduced randomly. The goal of this paper is to provide general guidelines on selection of suitable data imputation algorithms based on characteristics of the data. The guidelines are developed by performing a comprehensive experimental comparison of performance of different data imputation algorithms.


1940 Review of The archaeology of Santa Marta, Colombia, by J. Alden Mason. American Anthropologist 42:507-08. 1946 Northeastern archaeology and general trends in the Northern Forest zone. In Man in northeastern America, edited by F. Johnson. R. S. Peabody Foundation for Archaeologyy, Papers 3:143-67. 1948a (with Floyd Schultz) A Hopewellian burial site in the Lower Republican Valley, Kansas. American Antiquity 13:306-13. 1948b Nomenclature and terminology; report on Committee on artifact terminology. In Proceedings of Sixth Plains Conference for Archaeology 6:13-14,17-25. 1949a The Middle Woodland period in the Central Plains. Proceedings of the Fifth Plains Conference for Archaeology 5(1):105-11. 1949b Review of Anthropology, by A. L. Kroeber. American Antiquity 14:235. 1950 Review of A manual of archaeological field methods, edited by Robert F. Heizer. American Antiquity 14:351. 1951a Review of Cahokia brought to life, edited by R. E. Grimm. American Antiquity 16:278. 1951b Recent advances in surveying techniques and their application to archaeology. In Essays on archaeological methods, edited by James B. Griffin. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Anthropological Papers 8:2-16. 1951c (with James B. Griffin) The Central Mississippi Valley archaeological survey, season 1950-a preliminary report. In Illinois State Archaeological Society, Journal 1:75-80. 1952 The origin of the Adena culture of the Ohio Valley. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 8:260-68. 1953a The current status of Aleutian archaeology. In Asia and North America, transpacific contacts, edited by Marian W. Smith. Society for American Archaeology, Memoir 9:29-31. 1953b Review of Hopewellian communities in Illinois, edited by Thorne Deuel. American Anthropologist 55:275. 1953c Review of Measurements of some prehistoric design developments in the southeastern states, by James A. Ford. American Anthropologist 55:588-91. 1953d Statistical techniques for the discovery of artifact types. American Antiquity 18:305-13. 1954a Reply to Ford. American Antiquity 19:391-93. 1954b Reply to Ford. American Anthropologist, 56:112-14. 1955a Review of The prehistoric cultures of the Horn of Africa: an analysis of the Stone Age cultural and climatic succession in the Somalilands and eastern parts of Abyssinia, by J. D. Clark. American Anthropologist 57:1329-30. 1955b Prehistoric cultural development in the eastern United States. 75th Anniversary Volume of the Anthropological Society of Washington: New interpretations of aboriginal American culture history, edited by Betty Meggers and Clifford Evans, pp. 12-27. Anthropological Society of Washington, Washington, D.C. 1955c Review of Outline of cultures in the Ohio region, by Richard G. Morgan. American Antiquity 20:289. 1956a The Arzberger site, Hughes County, South Dakota. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Occasional Contributions 16. 1956b Review of The Plains anthropologist, edited by Franklin Fenenga. American Antiquity 21:321-22. 1956c (with Robert L. Rands, Walter W. Taylor, Raymond H. Thompson, and Robert Wauchope) An archaeological approach to the study of cultural stability. Society for American Archaeology, Memoir 11:31-58. 1957a (with George I. Quimby) The Old Copper Culture and the Keweenaw waterway. Chicago Natural History Museum, Fieldiana: Anthropology 36(8): 189-201. 1957b Review of Piecing together the past: the interpretation of archaeological data, by V. Gordon Childe. American Anthropologist 59:564-65. 1957c Old Copper Culture. In Notes and news: Arctic, American Antiquity 22(4):436-37. 1957d Review of Method and theory in American archaeology: an operational basis for cultural-historical integration, and Method and theory in American archaeology II: historical-developmental interpretation, by Philip Phillips and Gordon R. Willey. American Antiquity 23:85-87. 1958a The significance of differences between radiocarbon dates. American Antiquity 23:309-11. 1959 Review of A guide to archaeological field methods, edited by Robert F. Heizer. American Antiquity 24:434. 1960a The dimensions of archaeology. In Essays in the Science of Culture in honor of Leslie A. White, edited by Gertrude E. Dole and Robert L. Carneiro, pp. 437-56. Thomas Y. Crowell, New York. 1960b The National Science Foundation and archaeological research. American Antiquity 25:441. 1960c Review of The prehistory of southern Africa, by J. Desmond Clark. American Anthropologist 62:1102-04. 1960d Statistical description and comparison of artifact assemblages. In The application of quantitative methods in archaeology, edited by Robert F. Heizer and Sherburne F. Cook. Viking Fund Publications in


5018 Background: Despite CG therapy, most metastatic UC patients die from their disease. Novel approaches are needed. Combining anti-angiogenic therapy with chemotherapy has improved outcomes in other malignancies, offering hope for similar improvements in UC patients.

METHODS
Metastatic or unresectable chemonaive UC patients (pts) with an ECOG performance status of 0-1 received C 70 mg/m2 iv d1, G 1,000-1,250 mg/m2 iv d1, 8, and B 15 mg/kg iv d1 on a q21d cycle for up to 8 cycles. Gemcitabine was reduced to 1,000 mg/m2 iv d1, 8 for all subsequent pts after 7 thromboembolic events were noted in the first 17 pts. The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS). The trial was designed to detect a 33% improvement in PFS from 7.5 months with traditional CG therapy to 11.25 months with CGB.

RESULTS
By December 2008, 45 pts were enrolled, with 43 evaluable for toxicity, 36 for response. Demographics include: 33 (77%) male, 10 (23%) female; median age 66 (Range: 41 - 78); 26 (60%) and 17 (40%) ECOG 0/1; 19 (44%) and 24 (56%) lymph node only / visceral metastases. PFS will be evaluated in May 2009 when all pts will have more than 6 month follow-up data. 14 (33%) and 6 (14%) pts experienced grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity (4 pts - thrombocytopenia, 2 pts - neutropenic fever). Grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity was observed in 24 (56%) and 9 (21%) pts (DVT/PE - 9 pts, CNS hemorrhage/proteinuria/hypertension - 1 pt each) Best RECIST response was: complete response 6 pts (17%, 95% CI 6-33%), partial response 18 pts (50%, 95% CI 33-67%); with overall response rate of 67% (95% CI 51-82%). Stable disease lasting at least 12 weeks was observed in 10 pts (28%, 95% CI 14-45%) and progressive disease in 2 pts (5%, 95% CI 1-19%).

CONCLUSIONS
CGB demonstrates significant clinical activity in the first-line treatment of metastatic UC patients at the expense of considerable toxicity. The durability of disease control will be determined by assessment of PFS. A phase III trial to further define the toxicity risk vs. clinical benefit of bevacizumab addition to platinum-based doublets is planned in this population. [Table: see text].


Sir, Linezolid is a last-resort antimicrobial agent in human medicine approved for the control of serious infections caused by Grampositive pathogens. Transferable linezolid resistance is based on the multiresistance gene cfr. Although originally found in staphylococci, this gene has meanwhile been reported in various Grampositive and even Gram-negative bacteria. The emergence of the multiresistance gene cfr in staphylococci is of global concern. Here we report the detection of the cfr gene in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain from two clinical cases of septic shock identified in the same hospital in Spain.


The inlet temperature of gas turbine engine is continuously increased to achieve higher thermal efficiency and power output. To prevent from the temperature exceeding the melting point of the blade material, ribs are commonly used in the mid-section of internal blade to augment the heat transfer from blade wall to the coolant. In this study, turbulent flow and heat transfer of a rectangular cooling passage with continuous or truncated 45-deg V-shaped ribs on opposite walls have been investigated numerically. The inlet Reynolds numbers are ranging from 12,000 to 60,000 and the low-Re k-e model is selected for the turbulent computations. The complex three-dimensional fluid flow in the internal coolant passages and the corresponding heat transfer over the side-walls and rib-walls are presented and the thermal performances of the ribbed passages are compared as well. It is shown that the passage with truncated V-shaped ribs on opposite walls is very effective in improving the heat transfer performance with a low pressure loss, and thus could be suggested to be applied to gas turbine blade internal cooling.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


The study focuses on the comparative analysis of the word−formation process with the aim to identify and explain agreements, similarities and differences in the creation and semantics of denominal, deadjectival and deverbal adjectives in the Slovak and German languages. The description and interpretation of the word−formation potential of denominal, deadjectival and deverbal adjectives of these languages are part of this article. Many of the differences are directly connected to the different language characteristics of Slovak and German. The theoretical and methodological background is based on Miloš Dokulil's Onomasiological Concept of


This paper proposes a multistage (dynamic) distribution network expansion planning for renewable based generation integrated distribution networks. The intermittent nature of load, solar, and wind power are modeled using several time blocks in the proposed method. The objective function of the proposed distribution network expansion problem consists of the installation costs of substations, feeders, costs of energy purchased from substations and cost of unserved energy. Costs of energy purchased from substations are calculated using a linear approximation approach. The overall problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming and solved by commercial solvers. The proposed method is applied to the 54-bus test network and it is inferred from the results that the proposed model yields reasonable results by reducing the computational burden considerably.


Airborne magnetic data from Serra da Canastra diamondiferous province is used to identify possible kimberlite signatures. Serra da Canastra is located in the central portion of the Brazilian territory within a low magnetic latitude area. The interpretation strategy was based on the joint analysis of analytic signal and Euler deconvolution. A selected kimberlite target should have a roughly circular analytical signal anomaly coincident with a depth (0 – 200 m) and structural (N=2) constrained Euler solution. The proposed approach led to ecognition of previously known pipes and new targets were evidenced.


In order to feed the burgeoning population there is urgent need to double the cereal crop production by the year 2050 and also to meet the United Nations Millennium Development Goals of reducing the number of hungry people to half by 2015 , there is utmost need to breed potentially high y ielding varieties to match up the requir~ment along with corrective measure to bridge the huge gap between attainable y ield (yield obtained in demonstration trials) and the average yield harvested by farmers. The Rainfed-Dry Land Agro-Eco Systems (RDLAES) has vast untapped potential to feed a major portion of population, currently sharing about 44 per cent of total foodgrain . production with bulk of (around 90 per cent) · coarse cereals, pulses and oilseeds of the nation. Under global wanning and climate change scenario the nutrient management in this fragile ecosystem of crop production could play vital and bigger role than ever as the response history of many of nutrient may not be as useful as they were in previous occasions obviously due to evolution i.n all the inputs and marked change in climate. It is estimated that organic and bio fertil izer may help to bridge this gap by , supplying 6-million tones of p lant nutrients, where as soils and efficient use of plant nutrients may contribute to the extent of three million tones. The INMS helps to restore and sustain soil fertility and crop productivity. It may also help to check the emerging deficiencies of nutrients other . than nitrogen, phosphorus and pot


Why is there so much variation in voter turnout? U sing data from SUNY-Binghamton's Institutions and Elections Project, I constructed a model to test my hypothesis that having a proportional representation electoral system would boost voter turnout. I looked at national lower-house elections in countries from every conti nent between 1972-2005. I found that, when controlling for the effects of GDP per capita, leve l of democracy, and level of competition, voter turnout is not significantly higher in proportional representation systems when compared to other types of electoral systems, except for mixed system . Also, I found that a higher level of competition reduces voter turnout, as do higher lev els of civil liberties. Introduction In some countries, voting is considered an expressi on of patriotic duty and civic service. This outlook may seem a bit simplistic in its view of wh y people should vote. While carrying out one's duty to one's country may be a motivating fac tor to vote, there are many variables that go into deciding to vote, and those variables differ b y country and may change over time. Voter turnout, the percentage of the eligible votin g population who voted in a given election, varies greatly by country. Some democrac ies, like the United States, which prides itself as a bastion of political freedoms, rarely has a vo ter turnout over 70%, while many European democracies will regularly have national voter turn out in elections over 90%. What causes such a discrepancy? Is voter turnout simply a function of electoral system? There are many variables that can influence voter turnout, and this is the r esearch question driving the study conducted in this paper. Electoral theory states that having a proportional representation electoral system will, by itself, raise voter turnout. Support from empirical evidence of this theory has varied. This


Abstract. From collections in central and northern Mexico, Dicarnosis ripariensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was registered for the first time as a parasitoid of two species of mealybugs of economic importance, Phenacoccus madeirensis and P. solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).


A set of properties is proposed as characteristic of main verbs, able to identify a particular constituent in a sentence as its main verb. These properties are in turn applied to the framing typology of Talmy (2000b), in which languages fall into two categories based on whether they characteristically express the Path component of a Motion event in the verb (verb-framed languages) or in the satellite and/or preposition (satellite-framed languages). Slobin (2004) later held that certain languages do not fall neatly into either category of this typology, either because the lexical category of the Path constituent is unclear, or because the Path and coevent constituents are both verbs or both satellites. He classed such languages together as being "equipollently framed", exhibiting a third category of the typology. We dispute most of these claims of equipollent framing, demonstrating how these languages are actually either verb-framed or satellite-framed.


Introduction: Though there are abundant studies on entrepreneurial intention among students pursuing higher education, there is a lacuna in understanding the entrepreneurial intention of medical students. In the present scenario of increasing unemployment among young medical graduates, this quantitative study was conducted with an aim to examine the level of entrepreneurial intention among medical students and the socio-demographic factors influencing it. Methods: The participants were 318 medical students of a private university in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study design with a validated adapted questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A moderately high level of entrepreneurial intention was found among the study population. Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant impact of gender and marital status on their entrepreneurial intention while ethnicity, year of study, household income or educational loan did not have a significant influence. Conclusion: Medical students in Malaysia showed a moderately high inclination towards an entrepreneurial career. Non-economic factors like gender and marital status proved to be stronger influencers of entrepreneurial intention than economic factors. This may help policy makers plan strategies to sustain their entrepreneurial intentions and facilitate for more entrepreneurial activities among young doctors in the future.


Abstract In studies of the fracture surfaces of tensile, Charpy V-notch, and crack opening displacement (COD) fracture toughness specimens, taken from metal inert gas (MIG) welds fabricated in commercial purity titanium plate, an unusual form of fracture mode was observed. The feature took the form of shallow troughlike grooves and has been termed 'fluting'. By careful matching of the opposite faces of sectioned fractured specimens, and using stereofractography, it has been shown that the flutes consist of the ruptured halves of hexagonal shaped voids that formed before the final failure of the specimen. Titanium hydrides, which occur in the weld metal as impurities, have been used to show that there is a definite crystallographic relationship between the occurrence of flutes and the matrix. Although flutes were observed both with cleavage and with dimpled areas of fracture, they are the manifestation of a ductile fracture mode and form by a dislocation mechanism involving {1010}〈1210〉 slip.MST/916


Manufactured articles of semicrystalline polymers usually have a variation in texture (degree of crystallinity and crystal orientation) as a function of the depth from the external surface. This is often due to the fact that the crystallization process near the surfaces occurs at different conditions and rates relative to the bulk of the material. In this report we present an X-ray diffraction technique to elucidate the changes in the degree of crystallinity as a function of depth from the surface. Changes in the scheme of X-ray diffractometer (reflection or transmission, slit width, etc.), the linear material absorption coefficient (using different wavelengths) and the diffraction angle have different effects on the scattering from layers at different depths. It is thus possible to define the material heterogeneity as a function of depth. This method is demonstrated using a film of vinylidene fluoride–tetrafluoroethylene (5 mol%) copolymer that has been crystallized asymmetrically by quenching on one side. The increase in crystallinity from a negligible value on the quenched side to the bulk value is presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An extensive review conducted before this study, showed data limitation is the main constrain for multiple regression approach. Thus, new technique has been innovated through bit wear distribution over drilled interval depends on formation fingerprint. Field geological, drilling and logging data collected from three wells located in Blue Nile basin subjected to considerable concentrated analysis. Drilling rate predicted as a function of optimum weight on bit and rotation per minute using Bourgoyne and Young model. The Unknown Bourgoyne and Young coefficients have been determined. Correlations of multiple regressions using Statistica-12.5 software predict acceptable values of nine unknown coefficients. Hypothesis test of predicted coefficients showed over 95% confidence interval which simulated saving in time of drilling by 25%. Out comes was verified through Payzone drilling simulator via simulating actual field observations and re-simulate predicted ROP values. Results revealed the proficiency of predicted drilling rate values. The rate of penetration general equation constructed for each formation; then graphs produced for each formation individually depends on bit type and operational conditions.The methodology and out comes presented in this paper enable prediction of optimum penetration rates directly through accurately produced graphs that is during the well planning period for next wells to be drilled in Blue Nile Basin or other similar formations. This research offers new technique via distribution of drill bits dullness over drilled interval to overcome data limitation constrain. Together with qualitative and quantitative analysis of the optimized results that revealed high potentiality of new technique through both operation and economic benefits on drilling. © 2020 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Petroleum Engg. 141(2020) 54280-54289 Petroleum Engineering Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Shazaly S. Ahmed and Ahmed A. Ibrahim / Elixir Petroleum Engg. 141(2020) 54280-54289 54281 60513.3 Km 2 with a ground elevation approximately 400 Meters. Block 8 totally covered by Magnetic, Gravity Survey and 7523 Km (2D) Seismic Line. Eleven wildcat exploration wells drilled and most of the wells encountered good hydrocarbon shows and high gas reading. There are also two Gas and Condensate discoveries. Main constrain for drilling operation during previous drilled wells was low penetration rate, thus drilling operations have significant potential for optimizing and reducing costs. This study characterize how to perform new proposed technique to previous drilling data in order to predict ROP for future wells. This technique utilized by modifying Bourgoyne and Young model for better plan, optimize drilling and expenses for all areas regardless volume of historical data. Proposed technique applied to Blue Nile basin, considering some assumptions as the following: Drilling fluid system properly designed. The drill bit properly selected. BHA assembly combination in use properly selected. Homogeneous drilled formation interval. Rig personnel and equipment's are efficiently functioning. Model Theory Bourgoyne and Youngs' Model is a linear relationship between rate of penetration and eight of drilling variables based on statistical synthesis of the past drilling parameters as equation (1). Model developed by REZA [10] will be applied for this study, which it developed for both roller cone and PDC drill bits and three additional drilling parameters for hole cleaning effect. ................. (1) Data Description Three wells sets of Blue Nile Basin (BNB) data collected from three located in Block 8. The BNB data consists of nine exploration wells. Three wells selected for this study: Hosan1, West Dindir-1 and Baraka-1 wells. Data collected from these wells including geological description data, drilling data collected through mud logging unit, wire line logging data, Drill bits data and drilling fluid data. The following reveal brief historical background for selected wells: Hosan-1 well It is a vertical exploration well drilled using ZPEB 747 mechanical rig, spudded 1 st September 2004, 12-1/4in pilot hole was drilled to 552m, hole was opened with 17-1/2in hole opener to 552m, ran 13-3/8in casing followed by G-Class cement. Intermediate hole drilled to 1735m with high mud weight (11.5ppg@TD) to control background gas and caving. Main hole drilled to 2911m with increase in mud weight to 12ppg due 57000ppm of gas and then mud weight cut to 11.7ppg due to partial losses. Rig released in 31 January 2005. West Dindir-1 well An exploration vertical drilled well using ZPEB 767 mechanical rig, spudded 17 December 2007, 12-1/4in hole drilled till 605m, ran 9-5/8in casing followed by G-Class cementing. 8-1/2in main hole drilled to TD@2035m while mud weight raised to 11.2ppg to control caving. Nine bullets were lost in hole during CST-GR logging operation and retrieved via successful fishing job. 7in liner run in hole. Perforation job carried successfully above TOC behind casing and below liner hunger and regain circulation. Cement squeeze job performed through perforation and cement quality confirmed through CBL-VDL-CCL log, and then Rig handed over to testing operation on 10 February 2008. Baraka-1 well Vertical wildcat well drilled using ZPEB 767 mechanical rig, spudded 7 May 2009. 17-1/2in surface hole drilled to 475m then ran 13-3/8in casing followed by G-Class cementing. Unexpected Low ROP encountered comparing to previous drilled wells (Average ROP 3.5m/hr.) due to hard formation. 12-1/4in hole drilled to 820m, BHA changed to directional and resumed drilling from 904m with same slow drilling rate problem until revised FTD@1050m. Each well data has divided to groups depends on formation type (Damazin, Dindir-1, Dindir-2, Dindir-3 and Blue Nile) as each formation has homogenous properties for more consolidation and validation of result. Depend on collected samples and confirmation of wire line logging data the collected three wells data plotted, analyze and results showed the following:  Normal trend for ROP considering RPM and WOB curves for the three wells, except Hosan-1 well which operator intended to control drilling parameters due to increase in background gas.  Mud weight showed normal trend for the three wells, except: Hosan-1 well showed decrease in mud weight due to background gas as it is common in this area [11]. Hosan-1 well showed too much mud weight for surface hole with considering high values of PV and YP that indicate hole-cleaning concern.  D-Exponent Normal trend for the three wells except noticed drop due to commencing new sections with fresh mud especially in hosan-1 well.  Considering flow rate curve for the three wells standpipe pressure gave a normal trend.  Many fluctuating points for the three wells for RPM, GPM and SPM due to rig equipment's malfunctions or other reasons, which indicate general trend odd values.  Low drilling parameters applied for the three wells to pattern new drill bit or in the beginning of new section until second stabilizer pass casing shoe as a good drilling practice.  Many drill bits used to drill both Hosan-1 and Baraka-1 well, which indicates poor drilling performance. Data Process Data filtering process performed from drilling point of view, however, odd data point due to equipment's repair or calibration mistakes excluded. Drilling data collected from mud logging unit for the three vertical wells divided in Excel sheets for each formation for each well individually. The data prepared accordingly in order to provide suitable means for the multiple regression application based on the defined general rate of penetration equation. All additional data essential to perform rate of penetration model including drill bit data, drilling expenses and Multiple Regression Analysis prepared and included to separate Excel sheets for each formation. Bit wear have been divided equally for same formation or 1:2 for different formation to overcome data limitation constrain for conventional multiple regression. Number in data points in whole data set divided to two proportion of data for training, validation and verification as the following portions: One-third of data used for validation. Remaining data divided into 70% for training and 30% for final validation. Multiple Regression Process and Analysis Statistica-12.5 Software used to perform multiple regression process, in order to achieve more accurate regression constants deliverables. The first run showed Shazaly S. Ahmed and Ahmed A. Ibrahim / Elixir Petroleum Engg. 141(2020) 54280-54289 54282 negative values for most of unknown coefficients because drilling parameter did not variate well on the scale of drilling with the necessary comprehensiveness and adequacy. Considering R2 value was high enough indicating data consolidation from statistics point of view but physical meaningless values. Correction performed by excluding data points with high residual values and the achieved results reflect acceptable nine unknown coefficient values together with excellent R2 hypotheses test value for the second data run, table (1). Although, most of unknown coefficients' has positive values but clearly noticed there are negative values as the following:  a2, a3 and a4 showed negative values mainly for Damazin Formation for the three wells.  a7 showed negative values for: Hosan-1 and Baraka-1 wells expressing Damazin Formation. West Dindir-1 well expressing Dindir-2 Formation. Hosan-1 well expressing Dindir-3 Formation. Hosan-1 well expressing Blue Nile Formation.  a2 and a3 showed negative values for Hosan-1 well expressing Dindir-2 formation.  a4 showed negative values mainly for the three wells expressing Damazin Formation, in addition to Hosan-1 well expressing Dindir-2 formation. Negative Value Justification  The negative values of a2, a3 and a4 caused by the dependency between X2, X3, an


In genetic programming (GP), the outcomes of the evaluation phase in an evolutionary loop can be represented as an interaction matrix, with rows corresponding to programs in a population, columns corresponding to tests that define a program synthesis task, and ones and zeroes signaling respectively passing a test and failing to do so. The conventional fitness, equivalent to a row sum in that matrix, only crudely reflects program's compliance with desired output, and recent contributions in semantic and behavioral GP point to alternative, multifaceted characterizations that facilitate navigation in the search space. In this paper, we propose DOF, a method that uses the popular machine learning technique of non-negative matrix factorization to heuristically derive a low number of underlying objectives from an interaction matrix. The resulting objectives redefine the original single-objective synthesis problem as a multiobjective optimization problem, and we posit that such characterization fosters diversification of search directions while maintaining useful search gradient. The comparative experiment conducted on 15 problems from discrete domains confirms this claim: DOF outperforms the conventional GP and GP equipped with an alternative method of derivation of search objectives on success rate and convergence speed.


This study focuses on influence of interface modifiers on charge transport of Hybrid Nanoporous Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) / Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanocomposites by using time of flight technique. We found that the hole-mobility in the nanocomposites is about three orders of magnitude less than that of pristine P3HT. This may be due to poor infiltration of the polymer into the highly structured porous TiO 2 which in turn obstructs the charge transport of the carriers. However, hole-mobility in the nanocomposites is increased by an order of magnitude when ruthenium based dye either Z907 or N719 is introduced at the TiO 2 / P3HT interface. Surprisingly, electron-mobility of the composite is decreased upon dye treatment. We further observed that hole-mobility of nanocrystalline TiO 2 / P3HT composites treated with a 3-hexylthiophene derivative with a cyanoacrylic acid group [(E)-2-Cyano-3-(3 ′ ,3 ″ ,3 ″′ -trihexyl-[2,2 ′ :5 ′ ,2 ″ :5 ″ ,2 ″′ -quaterthiophene]-5-yl)acrylicacid] (4T) is increased over 10 −5 𝑐𝑚 2 𝑉 −1 𝑠 −1 , which is over two orders of magnitude higher than the hole-mobility found in untreated nanocomposites. This trend in hole-mobility is consistent with corresponding current density (J) – voltage (V) characteristics under illumination of TiO 2 / P3HT devices with or without dye interface layer. The higher hole-mobility found in 4T dye treated TiO 2 / P3HT nanocomposite is assigned to passivation of surface traps by the dye as well as improved packing of the polymer with the nanocrystals through effective inter-chain interactions of 4T with P3HT.


Northern Indiana hardcore band LIFE AFTER DEATH have premiered a music video for their song Scum Of Society Forever. Scum Of Society Forever album ...


A part of the purebred Jersey cattle was shifted to Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm Harichand in 1993, from an imported herd maintained at National Agricultural Center Islamabad during early eighties. The genetic analysis was carried out utilizing its records until 2003 in order to investigate the reproductive performance under subtropical environment. Age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI) and dry period (DP) were found to be 1010.73 ± 1.84, 487.31 ± 19.08 and 169.26 ± 16.45 days, respectively. The effect of year, sire and season of calving on various traits was also studied. Year had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on AFC while sire and season of calving had not. The effect of sire, season and year of calving on CI and DP was non significant. Heritability estimates for AFC, CI and DP were found to be 0.4802 ± 0.3553; 0.1011 ± 0.1998; 0.1013 ± 0.2123, respectively. The findings suggested the lower limit of age at first calving of Jersey cows showed their better adaptation in the subtropical environment of NWFP. Distribution of cows regarding minimum range of the length of calving interval should be emphasized in selection programs as calving interval is the most crucial reproductive trait which could be minimized with careful detection of estrus and successful mating. More records on reproductive traits of half sibs should be included in the analysis in order to minimize standard errors associated with the parameters estimated.


The main goal of this work is to investigate the quantum interaction between scalar field and gauge field in the context of Generalized Scalar Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau Electrodynamics (GSDKP) by a quantum theory in the functional approach. The Hamiltonian structure is obtained with the Dirac method and the Faddeev-Senjanovic procedure is established in order to write the transition amplitude in an alternative gauge fixing, known as the non-mixing gauge. As a consequence, the Schwinger-Dyson-Fradkin equations and the Ward-Takahashi-Fradkin identities are obtained.


Background:There are several studies that have focused on functional outcome and rate of recurrent infection for patients undergoing two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, there are very few studies assessing the mental health status of these patients, which is why we conducted a study to assess and compare the mental health status between patients who underwent first-stage revision with a static spacer and those who had an articulating spacer. Our hypothesis was that the patients with articulating spacers have a lesser degree of mental stress than those with static spacers. Methods:From 2011 to 2013, a total of 40 knees with a diagnosis of PJI were treated with a standard two-stage revision TKA. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)-A and D, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Short-form-36 mental health (SF-36) scores were compared between groups preoperatively and 4 weeks postoperatively. Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups. Similarly, P value did not show any significant differences between the groups for both VAS and SF-36 score even though it was significant within the groups for VAS score preoperatively and postoperatively (P<0.0001). Conclusions:Both articulating and static spacers significantly reduced the psychological stress on the patients undergoing two-stage revision for PJI. Based on our results, we concluded that improvement in mental health status of both articulating and static spacer groups were comparable with no statistically significant differences.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical objects that are outfitted with integrated technology that gives them the ability to sense and interact with the environment. IoT has potential applications in a microalgae biorefinery for the automatic control of microalgae cultivation. Microalgae biorefinery is a way where microalgal biomass can be converted into variety of value-added products. The biological treatments using microalgae have drawn a considerable attention on leachate treatment. The leachate is full of dangerous chemicals, many of which are known to cause cancer and other non-communicable diseases to human health. A dual-purpose method to treat the leachate as well as microalgae culturing significantly contribute to a substantial saving in the overall cost of microalgae biomass production. The comparison of different types of microalgae species and its nutrients uptake at various landfills has been discussed in this paper. An integrated microalgae biorefinery system will make it easier for biofuels, high value products, and industrial chemicals to be made from biomass, concurrently reducing the toxicity of leachate and noncommunicable diseases around the world.


Currently the pedagogical coordination is a work that has as specificity the articulation of the processes of continuous training of teachers in the school setting. We have understood that this is a historical-social movement of establishment of the profession and how it is socially defined. Before such reality, the objective of this article is to discuss the genesis and the development of this meaning produced socially. To understand this movement it is necessary went back to History to know how this professional went from a supervisor to a pedagogical coordinator. Three moments of the historical-social movement of this profession were identified: the action of ensuring the youngest people to the coordination of the guidelines and rules determined by the administrative body of the school.; the coordination of the guidelines and rules determined by the central body to the supervisory of the teacher's work; and, finally, the supervisory of the teacher's work to the articulation of the processes of continuous training at school. The ideas developed here lead us to understand that the current meaning for this profession has multiple determinations as results which we underscore: the historical-social and cultural where the profession is arisen and developed; the demands inherent to the context of schooling; the educational reforms; the objective and subjective conditions where the pedagogical coordinator's work is held.


A simple one-pot four-component synthesis of pyrano[2,3- c ]pyrazoles has been achieved by the condensation of aldehydes, malononitrile, ethyl acetoacetate and hydrazine hydrate using lemon peel powder as a natural catalyst in ethanol under reflux condition. The advantages of this reaction are less reaction time, high yield, easy availability of the catalyst and green nature of the protocol.


The Potential of Purple Leaves Ethanol Extract (Graptophyllum pictum L.) against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. This study is an experimental study with a comparative approach, aimed at analyzing the potential of purple leaves (Graptophyllum pictum L.) by using in vitro method against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The clear zone was  formed between the outer sides of the paper disc containing the ethanolic extract of the purple leaves (Graptophyllum pictum L.) and the S. column. gold and C. albicans colonies are growth indicators. The growth of S. aureus and C. albicans were measured at incubation time 24, 48, and 72 hours, which were then analyzed by analysis with Anava's one-way statistical test and continued with Duncan's 1%. The research found that the purple leaves ethanol extract (Graptophyllum pictum L.) has the growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, which is indicated by the comparison results of the optimal concentrations of S. aureus and C. albicans, were 50% and 90%, so that the purple leaf ethanol extract could recommended as an antibacterial.


TCP's ability to adjust to network conditions heavily depends on congestion feedback from the network. Historically, timeout, packet loss detection and Explicit Congestion Notification have been used to deliver the feedback. However, it has been discovered that TCP using ECN and RED is not stable in high-speed networks or in long round-trip time connections, and can lead to large oscillations, packet losses and timeout. In this paper, we prove that TCP with faster congestion feedback, such as with the Mark-Front Strategy, has larger stability region and therefore is more suitable for high-speed and long round-trip time connections. With numerical calculations we also show that TCP with faster congestion feedback converges quicker to its steady state. Simulation results validate the benefits of better stability and quicker convergence.


The compounds [M{C(OMe)Ph}(CO)5](M = Cr or W) react with bis(ethylene)(trialkylphosphine)platinum complexes [Pt(C2H4)2(PR3)][PR3= PBut2Me or P(cyclo-C6H11)3] to give triangulo-trimetal compounds [MPt2{µ-C(OMe)Ph}(CO)6(PR3)2]. With [Cr{C(OMe)Ph}(CO)5], di- and tri-platinum complexes [Pt2{µ-C(OMe)Ph}(CO)2(PBut2Me)2], and [Pt3{µ-C(OMe)Ph}(µ-CO)2(PR3)3][PR3= PBut2Me or P(cyclo-C6H11)3], are also produced in the reactions. In the compound [Pt2W{µ-C(OMe)Ph}(CO)6(PBut2Me)2]13C n.m.r. studies showed that the µ-C(OMe)Ph group bridged the Pt–Pt bond, and this was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Crystals are monoclinic, with space group P21/a and Z= 4 in a unit cell of dimensions a= 16.003(5), b= 15.691(7), c= 15.261 (9)A, and β= 93.52(4)°. The structure has been determined by heavy-atom methods from automated diffractometer data for 2.9 ⩽ 2θ⩽ 50° and refined to R 0.075 (R′ 0.082) for 3 991 reflections. A triangle of metal atoms has Pt–Pt and Pt–W separations of 2.627(1) and 2.830 (2)A, respectively. The platinum–platinum bond is bridged by the C(OMe)Ph group [C–Pt 2.05(2)A]. Each platinum atom is co-ordinated by a CO and by a PBut2Me group such that both PBut2Me ligands lie on the same side of the Pt–Pt bond [P–Pt–Pt 149(1)°] and are cis to the µ-C(OMe)Ph group, with the two carbonyl ligands semi-bridging across the Pt–W bonds to the formally 16-electron W(CO)4 group [Pt–C–O 148(3)°]. The ease of transfer of a carbene group from a mononuclear metal carbene complex to platinum is reflected in the reactions of [Mn{C(OMe)Ph}(CO)2(η-C5H5)] with [Pt(C2H4)2(PR3)][PR3= PMe3 or PBut2Me] from which no compounds with Mn–Pt bonds were isolated. Instead, the products were the triplatinum species [Pt3{µ-C(OMe)Ph}3(PMe3)3] and [Pt3{µ-C(OMe)Ph}2(µ-CO)(PR3)3]. These triplatinum compounds likely form via initial formation of an intermediate with a [graphic omitted]t bridged system, since it was observed that the dimetal compound [(OC)5[graphic omitted]t(PMe3)2] decomposes at 80 °C in toluene to give [Pt3{µ-C(OMe)Ph}3(PMe3)3] and [Pt3{µ-C(OMe)Ph}2(µ-CO)(PMe3)3]. Bulky phosphine groups seem to favour formation of trimetal compounds since [W{C(OMe)Ph}(CO)5] and [Pt(C2H4)(PBut2Me)2] react to give [Pt2W{µ-C(OMe)Ph}(CO)6(PBut2Me)3], rather than [(OC)5[graphic omitted]t(PBut2Me)2]. The spectroscopic properties of the new compounds are reported.


As a result of the rapid advances in technology experienced during the last half of the twentieth century, methods used to study volcanoes have diversifi ed enormously. Such diversifi cation has created the illusion of a rapid advance in volcanology. Indeed, it is undeniable that the types of information and the amount of data available for studying diverse aspects of volcanoes have increased in the last decades, and are very likely to continue their growth in the near future. All of this information, however, does not seem to have solved many of the fundamental questions related to volcanic processes, not only in our planet, but in other parts of our solar system as well. Actually, the rapid development of new technologies and methods of measurement may have had a negative impact in the development of volcanology as a whole, because the super-specialization favored by the development of new technologies and methods has also limited communication among volcanologists with varying orientations. As a consequence, some of the fundamental problems in volcanology have been obscured by the quest for ever increasing accuracy of specifi c variables at the expense of deeper understanding of the general context. In this chapter we address this situation by identifying some of the challenging topics that, in our opinion, need to be explored in more detail by the community of volcanologists as a whole. Aspects such as the longterm evolution of composite volcanoes, volcano failure, and the internal structure of volcanoes are included in this list. An effort is made to formulate specifi c questions that can be solved in each of these sub-branches of volcanology, not by claiming the need for more specialized data, but rather by keeping an eye on the general context in which these problems occur. Thus, the topics examined in this work provide specifi c examples of how we envisage a solution for the biggest challenge of volcanology: fostering the communication among workers with different specializations with the goal of solving questions that are of a general nature. Szakacs, A., and Canon-Tapia, E., 2010, Some challenging new perspectives of volcanology, in Canon-Tapia, E., and Szakacs, A., eds., What Is a Volcano?: Geological Society of America Special Paper 470, p. 123–140, doi: 10.1130/2010.2470(09). For permission to copy, contact email@example.com. ©2010 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. 124 Szakacs and Canon-Tapia


Blends of PC and PPSQ (A) with high M_w and good ladderlike regularity or PPSQ(B) withlow M_w and more defective Si-atoms in its structure have been prepared by solution casting. Thedispersed spheres (PPSQ(A)-rich) are unevenly dispersed in the continuous PC-rich phase and there isno phase-inversion as PPSQ(A) content increases when the percentage of PPSQ(A) is not more than70%. PPSQ(B)-rich spheres are evenly dispersed in the continuous phase (PC-rich) and phase-inversion occurs when PPSQ(B) percentage is up to 70%. T_g of PPSQ(A)/PC or PPSQ(B)/PC at somecompositions are lower than that of pure PC due to the enlarged free-volume of PC-rich phase becausesome spheres of rigid PPSQ chains are included in the PC-rich phase. PC and PPSQ(A) or PPSQ(B)are partially compatible. The compatibility of PC and PPSQ(B) is better than that of PC and PPSQ(A)with high M_w and good ladderlike regularity. Heat history has some influence on the T_gs andcompatibility of PPSQ(A)/PC and PPSQ(B)/PC blends.


For processes such as production from low-permeability reservoirs and storage in subsurface formations, reservoir flow and the reservoir stress field are coupled and affect one another. This paper presents a thermal/hydrological/mechanical (THM) reservoir simulator that is applicable to modeling such processes. The fluidand heat-flow portion of our simulator is for general multiphase, multicomponent, multiporosity systems. The geomechanical portion consists of an equation for mean stress, derived from linear elastic theory for a thermo-poroelastic system, and equations for stress-tensor components that depend on mean stress and other variables. The integral finite-difference method is used to solve these equations. The mean-stress and reservoir-flow variables are solved implicitly, and the remaining stress-tensor components are solved explicitly. Our simulator is verified by use of analytical solutions for stressand strain-tensor components and is compared with published results.


This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of questioned hard tissue samples sent for forensic DNA analysis, specifying the type and anatomical region targeted for collection, as well as the viability of the sample after processing. Characterized by being cross-sectional, with a quantitative and descriptive approach, it used secondary data extracted from the Institute's spreadsheets, with which it built a database, later analyzed. The results showed that bones and teeth are collected as samples for DNA testing, representing the percentage of 47.4% of all exams received in the year 2020, with 99.5% coming from crimes against life. Among the samples obtained from hard tissue, 42% had its processing completed (39.1% for teeth and 42.6% for bones), 10% were not completed (17.2% for teeth and 8.5% for bones), and 48% were listed as not informed. All tooth-composite samples didn´t specify the tooth classification. Bone samples corresponded to unspecified bone fragments in 81% of the cases, 13.4% were femur fragments, and the remaining percentage was distributed among fragments of clavicle, skull, scapula, femur, manubrium, long bone, tibia, vertebra, sternum bone, mandible, and ulna, ranging from 1-2% for each. Therefore, it can be concluded that the profile of DNA tests extracted from hard tissue samples at the researched institute is composed of bones and teeth, being mostly bone fragments of various types, especially femur, and a better qualification of the sample types used for extraction is needed.


Exploratory sociopsychoanalytic research was undertaken on the relationship between psychopathology and bureaucratic work within the U.S. government. Individuals, work roles, and organizational culture were studied. Previous research indicated that career within bureaucracy platys a significant role in stimulating either health ` or pathological development. It was hypothesized that, in the government, presence or absence of psychiatric symptoms per se does not necessarily indicate presence or absence of psychopathology, because some types of work and management support pathological attitudes that result in no overt symptoms, since the pathology, is adaptive to the situation; other pathological attitudes are not adaptive and do result in overt symptoms; some people, within the normal range of character, develop symptoms because of stress reaction to an unhealthy situation; others develop more positively under certain conditions of work and management.


The idea to treat domain-specific languages (DSL) as software product lines (SPL) of compilers/interpreters led to the introduction of language product lines (LPL). Although there exist various methodologies and tools for designing LPLs, they fail to provide basic IDE services for language variants-such as, syntax highlighting, auto completion, and debugging support-that programmers normally expect. While state-of-the-art language development tools permit the generation of basic IDE services for a specific language variant, most tools fail to consider and support reuse of basic IDE services of families of DSLs. Consequently, to provide basic IDE services for an LPL, one either generates them for the many language variants or designs a separate SPL of IDEs scattering language concerns. In contrast, we aim to piggyback basic IDE services on language features and provide an IDE for LPLs, which fosters their reuse when generating language variants. In detail, we extended the Neverlang language workbench to permit piggybacking syntax highlighting and debugging support on language components. Moreover, we developed an LPL-driven Eclipse-based plugin that includes a syntax highlighting editor and debugger for an LPL with piggybacked basic IDE services, i.e., where modular language features include the definition for syntax highlighting and debugging. Within this work, we introduce a general mechanism for fostering the basic IDE services' reuse and demonstrate its feasibility by realizing context-aware syntax highlighting for a Java-based family of role-oriented programming languages and providing debugging support for the family of JavaScript-based languages.


Natural ventilation is important for bird welfare in Brazilian poultry housing, increasing the heat loss by convective ways. The objective of this research was to analyze the feasibility of geostatistical methodology in estimating the spatial pattern of climatic variables within broiler houses. Dry-bulb temperature (DBT, °C), relative humidity (RU, %), light intensity (L, lux), and air velocity (V, m/s) were collected in the middle of 72 cells in two similar broiler houses located at Tuiuti city, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A portable thermoanemometer (Extech® Model 45160) was used to collect the temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity data. To measure the light intensity, a luximeter (Hagner®) was used. The temperature, humidity and air velocity index, THIV, was calculated with the climatic data. The software MatLab® was used to perform the statistical analysis. The software SURFER® 1995 was used to build the maps of climatic variables. The results showed that the statistical technique allows finding some areas within the houses with different spatial variability on all studied climatic variables. The values show an asymmetrical distribution for the variables of light intensity, air velocity, and THIV. The statistical analysis showed a spatial dependence of the climatic variables on both broiler houses. Therefore, it can be concluded that the homogeneity was observed for the climatic variables from the relative humidity and wind velocity in the broiler house with the use of tunnel ventilation. The light intensity was more homogeneous in the tunnel ventilation compared to the natural ventilation.


Crop wild relatives (CWR) can be used to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on crops, but their genetic diversity conservation has not been properly addressed. We propose a new target unit for conservation (Asso-EcoU) based on the occurrence of phytosociological associations in different environments. This approach involves using ecogeographical information and distribution data of associations to identify an optimized set of locations for in situ genetic diversity conservation. Thirty-nine CWR species, grouped in 15 associations, generated 165 Asso-EcoUs. Using the Sites of Community Importance (SCI) of Natura 2000 in Spain, we performed three analyses: (1) gap analysis, (2) coverage of the network, and (3) complementarity analysis. Analyses were performed with both target conservation units, associations, or Asso-EcoUs. The SCI network includes 100% of the associations and 69% of the Asso-EcoUs. The coverage assessment showed that 8.8% of the network is enough to encompass all the networks' target conservation units. Complementarity analysis showed that seven and 52 SCI areas are needed to contain at least one site of the 15 associations and the 114 Asso-EcoUs, respectively. These results highlight the value of Asso-EcoUs to potentially incorporate the genetic diversity component into conservation plans, while increasing the number of species covered.


The security is the one of the major requirements for any application, network or the internet. The Biometric systems have improved this authentication process by involving human features. A Biometric System can be based on Finger technology, Iris, Voice etc. This paper presents the hybrid model with two main techniques called Eigen value & Eigen face analysis and Gabor filter. One have maintained a dataset of Iris and eye images then the user will pass the input in the form of Iris image and the comparison will be performed on both the Iris and the eye images. To perform the recognition process the PCA and the GABOR FILTER approach is used collectively. The combination of these two approaches given the improvement in terms of efficiency as well as accuracy. As the PCA gives a feature based analysis approach so that the size of training dataset is reduced. Because of this the identification time is reduced. As the feature analysis is based on Gabor filter, all aspects of the image is estimated in terms of directional effect. The image is analyzed based on radial analysis, so that the recognition rate


ABSTRACT The railway is often characterised as one of the crucial innovations of the nineteenth century which transformed patterns of space and time, exposed people to the mechanical power of the industrial revolution, led to the formation of a panoramic perception of the world, and changed the economic circulation. In China, the new technology was adopted later than in Europe and America, and its development took place in a semi-colonial context. As such, the railway experience took on a different dimension there. Based on a corpus of Polish and Serbian travel writings about China, this article examines how travellers represented railways in the Middle Kingdom. Five main topics are discussed: (1) the railway as an icon of modernity; (2) the railway as a "purely European invention"; (3) Polish and Serbian patriotism as linked to the Chinese Eastern Railway; (4) the train as a space of interactions; (5) panoramic visions of China.


The first Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS 1) NASA mission, planned for late 1990, includes experiments in four areas: Atmospheric Science, Solar Physics, Space Plasma Physics, and Astronomy. The atmospheric science investigations will study the composition of the atmosphere in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The solar physics investigations will measure the total energy output of the sun. The space plasma physics investigations will study the charged particle and plasma environment of the earth. The astronomy investigation will study astronomical sources of radiation in the ultraviolet wavelengths that are inaccessible to observers on earth. Most of the experimental equipment has been flown before on one of the Spacelab missions. Brief descriptions of the experiments are given.


The capability of overtaking moving obstacles is an essential factor for accomplishing several aspects of pedestrian walking flow. In the Hajj area, for example, overtaking dynamic structures constituted by groups, barriers, and other moving obstacles is a vital phenomenon emerged while performing Hajj rituals. In emergency situation, the awareness of the dynamic behavior of moving obstacles is indispensable for achieving typical evacuation. This article proposes an essential intelligence approach to performing further realistic evacuation simulations. We provide each agent with the capability of selecting intermediate destination that enables him reaching his preferred destination; the agent continuously adapts his own trajectory that enables him to overtake such dynamic obstacles by selecting intermediate destinations to pass through. A collision avoidance field which composes of two-dimension grid of cells is proposed to cover the floor of the physical environment. The agent selects the optimal cells which achieve less potential of collision and minimize the distance to the original destination. The proposed model is integrated in a microscopic crowd dynamics model, and simulations are performed to examine the impact of the extended model on introducing further realistic and efficient evacuation.


Abstract: The paper shows that the "monetary policy rules and inflation targeting" literature and the" endogenous money" literature share a reaction function approach to central banking policy. Monetary aggregates are the outcome of the price-maker and quantity-taker behavior of central banks in the reserve market, and of banks in the loans market. However, the paper argues that any process of convergence between those two approaches has to confront the following four critical areas: (a) the meaning of endogenous money, (b) the theory of inflation, (c) the theory of interest rates, and (d) the long-run role of money.


Comparison of the proteins in salivary glands, saliva and haemolymph of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus female ticks during feeding Parasitology (1994), 109, 517–523 Fig. 2. Delete 24 kDa marker between 36 kDa and 29 kDa markers. Fig. 6. Replace 24 to 17·6 kDa with 34, 33·5, 32·5, 31·5, 30, 29 kDa. Fig. 7. Replace 33·2 kDa with 33·5 kDa. Excretion of host immunoglobulin in tick saliva and detection of IgG-binding proteins in tick haemolymph and salivary glands Parasitology (1994), 109, 525–530 Fig. 4. Replace 19·2 kDa with 14·2 kDa.


John Updike's Novels is a solid companion to Donald J. Greiner's The Other Updike, reviewed in this journal by this critic in the Winter issue of 1981-82, Vol. 27, No. 4. Like the earlier volume, it is thorough, knowledgeable, and straightforward—but not so straightforward as to be pedantic or without wit and imagination in its ordering and in its reading. Urging no thesis on the canon, Greiner simply offers "an informed and careful reading of the novels in order to isolate and discuss the qualities that make Updike a great writer." Greiner's ordering of the novels is an interpretative act in itself. His opening section, "Created Landscapes," juxtaposes The Poorhouse Fair to 7"Ae Coup; the Rabbit novels follow; his third section, "Home," treats TAe Centaur and Of the Farm; his fourth, "Faltering toward Divorce," Couples, A Month of Sundays, and Marry Me: A Romance; and his final one is "Bech: A Conclusion." Its thoroughness is indicated by an appended checklist of the novels, signaling those editions that have been revised or signed, and the notes themselves discuss some of the ramifications of the revisions.


Stochastic control problems.- Lie theory, functional expansions, and necessary conditions in singular optimal control.- Necessary conditions for optimal control problems with differentiable or nondifferentiable data.- General control systems.- The bang-bang principle.- Statistical filtering.- Singular perturbations and optimal control.- Duality in optimal control.


In previous days data hiding had many conditions that affected the technique of data accessing by a mediator in an authorized network. It will become insecure if the mediator knows the procedure used by the sender. Hiding of manual signature is examined by using the embedding approach. The manual signature which we are using will be embedded in the host image and also the initial point of the embedded image is encrypted by using public key to form a complex image. The complex image will be later obtained at the receiver's end by using private key. The principle which we follow here is that the size of manual signature image which the sender calculates is less when compared to the size of host image. The manual signature's initial point embedded in the host image will be positioned in a byte block and encrypted using a public key. The receiver receives the above block in a encoded format and decrypts it using a private key to get the initial point of the image and thus obtaining the manual signature. This technique provides a high amount of security thus enhancing the quality of manual signature and also prevents the optical deterioration of the host image. The specific target is to provide protection and validation of the manual signature in an entrusted network.


Abstract : The characteristics of HF radar echoes reflected from ionization irregularities aligned along the lines of force of the earth's magnetic field are discussed. The spatial-geographical extent of ionospheric backscatter echoes is estimated for an HF radar located in the midlatitudes with the antenna beam oriented toward the polar region. Utilizing experimental radar-ionospheric data acquired at frequencies between HF and UHF, an analysis is made of the amplitude and the cross-sectional area statistics of HF field-aligned echoes. The Doppler frequency variation, the frequency of occurrence and the diurnal and seasonal variation of ionospheric backscatter echoes and their correlation with solar geophysical conditions are also discussed.


We report the new data reproducing scheme for high density over 40GB per layer with a commercial Blu-ray recordable disc. bER of 10-5 and 10-4 with 42.5GB and 45GB were experimentally obtained respectively using this new data reproducing scheme which shows the possibility of achieving 50GB with a commercial single-layer Blu-ray disc. We also propose a new evaluation parameter which is necessary for high density.


Part 1 Introduction: social policy subject or object?, Martin Bulmer et al. Part 2 Social policy - retrospect and prospect: the Webbs, the Charity Organisation Society and the Ratan Tata Foundation - social policy from the perspective of 1912, Joe Harris the academic tradition in social policy - the Titmuss years, Ramesh Mishra social work and social policy in the twentieth century - retrospect and prospect, Robert Pinker swimming against the tide - prospects for social policy, Howard Glennerster. Part 3 Social policy and the family: the construction of dependency, Hilary Land social policy, social engineering and the family in the 1990s, Janet Finch dependency in the welfare state, Kari Waerness the social construction of dependency - comments from a Third World perspective, Caroline Moser. Part 4 Social policy and the community: social policy - the community-based approach, David Donnison community development and the underclass, S.M.Miller social polarisation, the inner city and community, A.H.Halsey only disconnect - law and order, social policy and the community, David Downes the underclass, empowerment and public policy, Martin Bulmer. Part 5 Social policy and the economy: social policy and the economy, Zsuzsa Ferge inequality in developing countries - a comment on Ferge, Frances Stewart can we afford to work?, Walter Korpi. Part 6 conclusions: an inside view, Brian Abel-Smith an outside view, Albert Weale.


As the importance of energy saving is increasing from past half century, many researches about the energy savings of information and communication technology have been presented. Providing residents with the usage of energy has become a feasible option to promote energy savings in residential sector. Similarly it is necessary to conserve water and control on its wastages, and check on domestic cooking gas usage and its leakage detection is also necessary. We have proposed a smart home management system, which will monitor all devices from anywhere, anytime the system allows the house owner to monitor and control his home appliances, water outlets and gas valve via his mobile phone. An Android application is developed for remote controlling the devices through which he can operate devices from anywhere. In this way conservation of energy can be made easily possible, giving rise to a complete home automation system with two objectives, one is conservation and second is


The concept "mountain towns", proposed by Yunnan Provincial, combining with its special geo- graphical environment in 2011, not only is fully affirmed and highly appraised by the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and relevant departments, but also has been widely questioned from the community. The key to success lies in its study on the "degree" of certainty and applications. In view of this, the paper, by sorting out the historical background of "mountain towns", discusses the application of the "Degree" concept, and this has a positive significance on promoting the Yunnan Province "mountain towns" and its scientific decision-making.


In the Swiss dual system, the Swiss Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (SFIVET) acts as a teacher training centre for vocational subjects. It awards diplomas (60 ECTS) at the end of in-service training, which ends with a practical teaching exam in a test lesson. However, the pandemic and containment are calling into question the validation of the end of training for almost 200 students. Avenues are therefore being explored to enable remote validation of practice.
Initially, and in an emergency, the Institution seeks to replace the classic test lesson by another device. The experience described in this article meets this expectation.


The concept of fine management was introduced,and combining with fact in coastal salt-alkali soil,the necessity and measures of implementing fine management were discussed.


Since 1977, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been developing and implementing an increasingly comprehensive system of "controlled trading options" for air pollution control.' These programs introduce a limited market for the allocation of emissions among sources of air pollution. Starting with existing source-specific standards' as a baseline, policies such as bubbles,' emissions banks," netting' and offsets' allow


The ideal method of abdominal wound closure remains to be discovered. This should be technically so simple that the results are just as good in the hands of the trainee as in those of the surgical master; it should be free from the complications of burst abdomen, incisional hernia and persistent sinuses; it should be comfortable to the patient and it should result in a reasonably aesthetic scar. Since 1975, we have been engaged in a series of trials of different techniques of closure of abdominal incisions and, although we can report improvement in our results, these are still far from ideal. Our first investigation was into the importance of suture of the peritoneal layer. This is stressed in the standard surgical textbooks and yet every surgeon encounters the situation in the straining patient with poor tissues where the peritoneal stitches tear through. Moreover, some surgeons defy the rules and leave the peritoneum unsutured without apparent disaster and, in our own animal studies, spread over many years (Ellis 1962, 1978), we know that raw peritoneal defects heal rapidly and smoothly. Over an 18 month period, from June 1975 to the end of December 1976, all adult patients undergoing laparotomy through vertical incisions were randomized into two groups. The first had a conventional layered closure, suturing the peritoneum with No. 1 continuous chromic catgut and closing the anterior rectus sheath or the linea alba with continuous No. 2 monofilament nylon in a double length. The second group had the wound closed in identical manner except that the catgut peritoneal layer was omitted. After excluding 10 patients who died within 10 days following surgery and a further 7 patients submitted to re-exploration within the early postoperative period, there were 326 patients available for analysis. Of these, 162 were in the two-layer and 164 in the one-layer group (Ellis & Heddle 1977). There were 4 burst abdomens (2.5%) in the two-layer group, and 5 (3%) in the one-layer group. To date, 8 patients (5%) in the two-layer group and 14 (8.5%) in the one-layer group have developed an incisional hernia. There is no statistical difference between these two groups. In searching for the causes of wound failure in this series, jaundice at the time of laparotomy was found to be of particular importance. There were 21 patients who were jaundiced at the time of surgery, among whom 3 developed a burst abdomen and 4 an incisional hernia. Male sex, closure performed by junior staff, obesity, postoperative chest complications, postoperative distension and wound infection all produced a relatively high incidence ofwound failure, but these failed to reach statistical significance. We have previously shown, in rats rendered jaundiced by ligation of the common bile duct, that the healing of the abdominal incision, as well as of visceral wounds, is seriously impaired (Bayer & Ellis 1976). Dismayed by the high incidence of burst abdomen and incisional hernia in patients subjected to layered closure by the technique which is probably that most commonly employed in the United Kingdom, we were naturally attracted by the theoretical arguments supporting the value of non-absorbable sutures in a mass-closure technique which includes all layers of the abdominal wall apart from skin and which incorporates wide bites of tissue on either side of the line of incision, placed close together and under notension. Jenkins (1976), who is the principal proponent of the mass-closure technique in this country, records a remarkable series


....................................................................................................................... iii Dedication .....................................................................................................................v Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................... vi Table of Content ........................................................................................................ vii List of Tables ............................................................................................................... xi Table of Figures .......................................................................................................... xii


This paper investigates the relation between the value of a firm and employee attitudes on the firm's workplace quality—workplace attitudes. Workplace attitude refers to recognition of those organizational characteristics that enhance employee work experiences and assist employees in balancing their jobs and personal lives. Using inclusion on Fortune's annual list of "The 100 Best Companies to Work for in America" as a proxy for successful efforts in creating high workplace attitudes, we compare the market values of listed firms to the market values of nonlisted firms in the same industry matched on earnings. After controlling for book value, past operational performance, and research and development expense, we find that market values of listed firms exceed those of matched firms. We also provide evidence that firms ranked high on the Fortune list receive higher market values than those ranked lower on the list. Finally, the two‐year forward market returns for listed firms exceed the returns for the matc...


The concept of 'employee' with its relatively wide definitions contained in various labour legislation (including the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (LRA), the Basic Conditions of Employment Act 75 of 1997 (BCEA) and the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 (EEA)) has enjoyed an increasingly inclusive and purposive interpretation by our courts, including the Constitutional Court during the last decades ('SA National Defence Force Union v Minister of Defence & another' (1999) 20 ILJ 2265 (CC) para 28; Wyeth SA (Pty) Ltd v Manqele & others [2005] 6 BLLR 523 (LAC) para 45; 'Discovery Health Limited v Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration and others' (2008) 29 ILJ 1480 (LC) para 49; 'Kylie v Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration and others' (2010) 31 ILJ 1600 (LAC) paras 25 and 26). This interpretation is in line with the constitutional approach within which the definition of employee must be construed (Van Niekerk et al, Law@work (LexisNexis 2015) 4).


Abstract New methods of determining the amount and type of forgetting pioneered by Bilodeau, Sulzer and Levy were applied to gross perceptual motor skill retention. The changing interdependencies in time of R1, the learned response; KRr, recalled knowledge of results after an interpolated rest interval; and Ra, postrest performance, were studied. No evidence of forgetting occurred except for KRr, which deteriorated in accuracy over a 21 to 23 day rest interval. Limitations of the new paradigm were discussed.


Pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) after pancreaticoduodenectomy has been reported to have a lower incidence of pancreatic fistula than pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) but this was not confirmed in a recent prospective randomized study.


This paper presents a dense summary of the most fundamental results on the issue of PAYG Social Security. They are presented in a simple and insightful analytical framework by working from the budget constraint of the household. The results presented in detail are a representation of the Aaron-Theorem, the equivalence of debt and Social Security, and a proof that under certain conditions the burden of Social Security on the current young and all future generations equals the benefit payments to the current old. Finally, I include uncertainty in the analysis and touch on the intergenerational risk-sharing implications of Social Security.


The aim to highlight the contribution of the doctor of agricultural sciences, professor N. A. Kravchenko (1908–1986) to the creation and development of the specialized beef cattle industry in the USSR in the 50-80s of the XX century has been set by the author. The effectiveness of the method of the complex reproductive crossbreeding for the creation of new breeds was explained by the scientist, series of analytical crosses for finding the best options of the maternal and parental breeds was conducted. He developed the program and methods of the creation of Chernigov and Dnieper inbreeding types, as well as the Ukrainian beef breed. The specificity of this program is in the orientation on the desired type of animals regardless of compliance with certain shares of inheritance; genealogical structure formation rocks in the early stages of its creation; use of crossbred animals of the first generation, that helped to accelerate the process of breed creation in 2-3 generation. Intensive animal selection also contributed to the fastening of the breed creation. Ukrainian Beef Breed was shown as the selection achievement on 30 July 1993. It has been found by the author that some ideas of the methodology, used for the creation of other breeds and types of beef cattle and their genetic potential of productivity meet European standards. Cattle's biological characteristics meet the requirements of regional breeding in Ukrainian conditions. As the breed creation process in Ukraine is still continuing, the works of N. A. Kravchenko are actual at this period. It has been shown that the problem of formation and development of the domestic beef cattle industry is in the focus of attention of disciples and followers of N. A. Kravchenko. Characteristics of contemporary critical situation with the beef breeds in Ukraine, and the ways to optimize their number and productivity at pure breeding and cross-breeding have been given. It has been proven that scientific studies have not lost its relevance and significance at the present stage of the industry's development. The research is based on the use of complex of scientific and historical methods and its basis is archival documents.


Functional food is one of the major trends in today's food industry, driven by the consumers' increased consciousness of health and its relationship to food. Natural antioxidants have been shown to possess attractive health benefits. Incorporating natural antioxidants into food products may help to convert many traditional products into modern functional food items. However, it is a challenge to do so and there are various issues to be addressed. In this presentation, the potential issues and challenges are highlighted through a case study where natural green tea antioxidants were incorporated into bread, including the stability of the active compounds as well as their interactions with the other components of the matrix impacting on the product quality. IUFoST 2006 DOI: 10.1051/IUFoST:20061398


A bstract. Previous research has exposed the discrepancy between the subject of analysis (real world) and the actual data on which the anal ysis is performed ( data world) as a critical weak spot in visual analysis pipelines. In this paper, we demonstrate how Virtual Reality (VR) can help to verify the correspondence of both worlds in the context of Infor mation Visualization (InfoVis) and Visual Analytics (VA). Immersion allows the analyst to <live into the data world and collate it to famil iar real-world scenarios. If the data world lacks crucial dimensions, then these are also missing in created virtual environments, which may draw the analyst's attention to inconsistencies between the database and the subject of analysis. When situating VR in a generic visualization pipeline, we can confirm its basic equality compared to other mediums as weil as possible benefits. To overcome the guarded stance of VR in Info Vis and VA, we present a structured analysis of arguments, exhibiting the circum stances that make VR a viable medium for visualizations. As a further contribution, we discuss how VR can aid in minimizing the gap between the data world and the real world and present a use case that demon strates two solution approaches. Finally, we report on initial expert feed back attesting the applicability of our approach in a real-world scenario for crime scene investigation.


According to the wavelet packet's illustriously characteristic of domain frequency division,with proper Frequency bandwidth disintegrating transient zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current in each circuit after singlephase grounding fault of distribution network,to get the characteristic of each circuit in the different frequency. Choosing the line with the most obvious characteristic of transient quantity mutation. Utilizing the different of the Wavelet packet decomposition coefficient between fault line and un-fault line,and making the use of count accumulation to bring about Fault line selection. Unit judgment of using the Zero sequence current active component method to analysis weak fault can avoid False choosing because of the little transient component when the fault is feeble. The criterion which is raising in this article has the advantage of anti-interference ability,The criterion can keep the high reliability when the circuit is voltage zero short or high resistance grounding.


Most network security datasets do not have comprehensive label assignment criteria, hindering the evaluation of the datasets, the training of models, the results obtained, the comparison with other methods, and the evaluation in real-life scenarios. There is no labeling ontology nor tools to help assign the labels, resulting in most analyzed datasets assigning labels in files or directory names. This paper addresses the problem of having a better labeling process by (i) reviewing the needs of stakeholders of the datasets, from creators to model users, (ii) presenting a new ontology of label assignment, (iii) presenting a new tool for assigning structured labels for Zeek network flows based on the ontology, and (iv) studying the differences between generating labels and consuming labels in real-life scenarios. We conclude that a process for structured label assignment is paramount for advancing research in network security and that the new ontology-based label assignation rules should be published as an artifact of every dataset.


s of First National Congress of Medical Informatics, Mashhad, Iran, February 2017 © 2017 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialNoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Page 172 FAMILIAL COLORECTAL REGISTRY IN NORTHEAST OF IRAN Ladan Goshayeshi1,*, Abbas Esmaieilzadeh2,3,Kambiz Akhavan Rezayat2,3, Hooman Moosanen Mozaffari2,3, Omid Ghanaee2,3, Benyamin Hoseini4 1: Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 2: Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 3: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 4: Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Correspondence: Ladan Goshayeshi, Tel: +989155109704, Fax: +98.800598818, E-mail: email@example.com TYPE OF ARTICLE: CONFERENCE ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth cause of mortality from cancer in Iran. The incidence (age-adjusted) rate of CRC in Iran has been reported as 6 to 7.9 per 100,000 persons. Twenty percent of total CRCs have a positive family history. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome (LS) are the commonest types. HNPCC is more common with a frequency ranging from 1% to 6% in different populations. It includes 3-10 percent of CRCs in our country. The lifetime risk of CRC in individuals with (LS) is 50– 80 %, so identifying patients and their family members enables at-risk relatives to be informed about their cancer risks and to benefit from implementation of specialized endoscopic screening programs that result in dramatic improvements in clinical outcomes for many of these families. The study aimed to register CRC records in Mashhad in the northeast of Iran, for exploring Iranian CRCs pattern. Methods: A literature review was conducted to obtain all possible variables related to CRCs which were needed to explore CRC patterns. Then, final variables for gathering data were selected by Delphi technique. Patients with HNPCC, FAP, and familial CRC were registered, and related data were gathered from January 2013 to February 2016. The Universal Strategy for IHC Screen of LS was applied. Results: Of 322 CRCs, 33 were identified and registered as an HNPCC, and 5 as a FAP. and an interesting finding was that a two-panel was as good as four-panel for detecting HNPCC. Blood samples for germline testing and further genetic studies were saved in Data Biobank. Conclusion: The study revealed familial CRC was prevalent in Iran, and appropriate screening of patients and their families will decrease the overall cancer incidence and improve the survival rate. We suggest policy makers design a comprehensive registry for CRCs which will help specialists to detect HNPCC and FAP.Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth cause of mortality from cancer in Iran. The incidence (age-adjusted) rate of CRC in Iran has been reported as 6 to 7.9 per 100,000 persons. Twenty percent of total CRCs have a positive family history. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome (LS) are the commonest types. HNPCC is more common with a frequency ranging from 1% to 6% in different populations. It includes 3-10 percent of CRCs in our country. The lifetime risk of CRC in individuals with (LS) is 50– 80 %, so identifying patients and their family members enables at-risk relatives to be informed about their cancer risks and to benefit from implementation of specialized endoscopic screening programs that result in dramatic improvements in clinical outcomes for many of these families. The study aimed to register CRC records in Mashhad in the northeast of Iran, for exploring Iranian CRCs pattern. Methods: A literature review was conducted to obtain all possible variables related to CRCs which were needed to explore CRC patterns. Then, final variables for gathering data were selected by Delphi technique. Patients with HNPCC, FAP, and familial CRC were registered, and related data were gathered from January 2013 to February 2016. The Universal Strategy for IHC Screen of LS was applied. Results: Of 322 CRCs, 33 were identified and registered as an HNPCC, and 5 as a FAP. and an interesting finding was that a two-panel was as good as four-panel for detecting HNPCC. Blood samples for germline testing and further genetic studies were saved in Data Biobank. Conclusion: The study revealed familial CRC was prevalent in Iran, and appropriate screening of patients and their families will decrease the overall cancer incidence and improve the survival rate. We suggest policy makers design a comprehensive registry for CRCs which will help specialists to detect HNPCC and FAP.


The need to manage, map and develop a companies employees competencies is constantly increasing in today's rapidly growing market. It is therefore incredibly importantto have a broad understanding ...


This paper deals with an improved representation of the progression of damage in lime-based masonry under cyclic loads using the Acoustic Emission (AE) technique. Stress-strain relations are a familiar concept in engineering which detail the elastic-plastic behaviour of the material. During AE monitoring, AE activates with the increase of stress and initiation of micro fracture due to local changes in the material structure. The population of AE events registered at an increasing stress levels provides information on the structure's integrity. In the present study, masonry couplets and walls were built with clay bricks in combination with two different mortar types: hybrid lime-cement (LC) and lime hydrate mortar (LH). One set of experiments focuses on masonry couplets and another set of experiments focuses on masonry walls, both under compression. The AE-based damage quantification is validated by a comparative analysis with strain measurements from Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs). In conclusion, results indicated that at initial stages the AE trend was closely related to axial strain for LC specimens and lateral strain for LH specimens. Regardless of size effects with respect to masonry couplets and walls, there was no significant difference in damage progress.


The major emphasis of the paper is methodological with a focus on the definition of a public investment decision process. The basic park investment model is viewed as a step toward identifying relevant decision variables. The model thus demonstrates one means of examining the relationship between the provision of a service by a public agency and the subsequent level of public use of these services.


Some aspect of B physics relevant for experiments in hadron colliders are discussed. These include the determination of parameters of the CKM Matrix and confirmation of its role in CP violation, studies of mixing of nonstrange and strange B mesons, lifetimes of hadrons containing b quarks, the use of ''same‐side'' tagging of neutral B mesons via correlations with charged pions through fragmentation or resonances, and the determination of CKM phases through the study of decays of B mesons to pairs of light hadrons.