PURPOSE
To experimentally study the acceptable movement conditions for SBRT lung treatments we quantified with film dosimetry the change in dose distributions due to periodic movements of 5 different amplitudes and 4 respiratory gating duty cycles on a SBRT treatment plan.

METHODS
We planned a SBRT treatment plan for the QUASAR™ (Modus Medical) phantom equipped with the respiratory motion device. We placed a 3 mm water-equivalent sphere simulating a tumour inside the lung-equivalent insert. This sphere is divided in two hemispheres that allow placing films in between. We used radiochromic EBT2™ (Ashland) films. We oriented the lung insert in such a way that sagittal dose distributions could be measured. We applied a sinusoidal movement with 3 s period for 5 different amplitudes of 0(static), 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 mm without gating. For the 20 mm amplitude we studied the gating technique with 4 duty cycles of 20, 40, 60 & 80% of the respiratory cycle. Each situation was irradiated in a Clinac 2100 linac (Varian) equipped with the RPM™ system. FilmQA Pro™ (Ashland) software together with an Expression 10000XL scanner (EPSON) were used to analyze and compare the measured dose distributions with those planned by the Eclipse™ TPS v. 8.9 (Varian) by means of gamma analysis with 6 criteria: 5%/3mm, 5%/2mm, 5%/1mm, 3%/3mm, 3%/2mm and 2%/2mm (threshold of 10%).

RESULTS
Movements with amplitude of less than 7mm do not significantly modified the dosimetry. Gating duty cycles of less than 40% yielded also acceptable results for a 2 cm amplitude movement.

CONCLUSION
To safely perform daily accurate SBRT treatments, movements have to be restricted to 7 mm amplitude (±3.5 mm). Otherwise, a gating strategy should be considered.


A method is disclosed of predicting a characteristic of a fluid-containing physical system such as a reservoir. The physical system is discretized to a plurality of gridcells. For each gridcell, nonlinear governing equations are constructed that are representative of fluid properties for each fluid. The nonlinear terms are linearized to derive linear equations at a current timestep. The linear equations are then solved to determine estimates of the solution. The estimated solution is then improved by a gridcell-by-gridcell computation wherein flows into and out of a particular gridcell are determined using linearized values of nonlinear terms in gridcells adjacent that particular gridcell. The improved solution is used to predict a property of a fluid in the physical system at end of the timestep. These calculation steps are repeated for a plurality of timesteps and the results are used to predict a property of the physical system and the fluids it contains as a function of time.


Abstract
Purpose
This chapter explores the role that social media can play to support entrepreneurs in managing complex interfirm communities. As companies increasingly operate in highly connected environments, it is important to move beyond corporate networks, and understand and build corporate social communities (CSCs) that underpin organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted 14 case studies at member firms of GS1 Australia — a not-for-profit association dedicated to the development, implementation, and promotion of information technology standards to improve supply chain management.

Finding
The gathered data illustrate a number of common challenges managers typically encounter in their supply chain operations. In response to these challenges, the authors propose distinct ways in which CSCs can leverage and transform interfirm relationships and support operational goals.

Research limitations/implications
The empirical investigations were limited to the supply chain context, and Australian companies. The benefits pertinent to CSCs were only explored conceptually. Further studies should address these limitations.

Practical implications
We provide empirical evidence supported by theoretical insights that CSCs are powerful tools that community designers and managers can leverage to transform business-to-business (B2B) relationships.

Originality/value
The originality of this study resides in advancing theoretical understanding and providing practical managerial guidance on how to best deploy CSCs in a supply chain context. Additionally, we consider the role CSCs play in different stages of B2B relationships, and the reasons why most managers are hesitant to adopt CSCs.


The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the frequency of artemisinin-based combination (ACT) drug resistance molecular markers and clinical forms of P. falciparum malaria and parasitemia. A cross-sectional study was carried out between January and April 2014 at the Operational Clinical Research Unit of Melen in febrile children aged 12 to 240 months with a Plasmodium sp. infection. A total of 3 mL of peripheral blood collected from an EDTA tube was used for leukocyte depletion. DNA mutation detection was performed by next generation sequencing (NGS). A total of 1075 patients were screened for malaria. Among them, 384 had a Plasmodium infection. P. falciparum mono-infection was found in 98.9% of the patients. Pfcrt-326T mutation was found in all isolates, while 37.9% had Pfmdr2-484I mutant allele. The highest median parasite densities were found in patients infected by parasites carrying the CVIET haplotype of the Pfcrt gene. The different genetic profiles found here, and their variations according to clinical and biological signs of severe malaria, are additional arguments for the surveillance of P. falciparum strains.


Platelet type von Willebrand disease (PT-VWD) is an autosomal dominant bleeding disorder that results from a glycoprotein GPIba gene mutations, platelet von Willebrand factor receptor. Paradoxically, GPIba mutations in PT-VWD do not decrease but significantly increase affinity of abnormal platelet GPIba to von Willebrand factor (VWF).
While the von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a common bleeding disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1% in the general population, platelet type von Willebrand disease (PT-VWD, pseudo VWD) appears sporadically and up to date only 55 such cases have been described. Patients with PT-VWD present mild to moderate bleeding, regardless of age and gender. Life threatening bleedings can appear in stressful conditions such as infection, pregnancy or surgical procedures. PT-VWD phenotype resembles VWD 2B but their etiology differs.
So each case of VWD 2B diagnosis requires comprehensive laboratory discrimination between VWD 2B and PT-VWD for confirmation and introduction of adequate treatment.


This paper was undertaken to examine the topic of the diversity and analyze the intervention models. The type of help given to the student establishes two groups: the direct interventions models and the orientation based models. The main characteristics of them are presented and also their advantages and difficulties regarding the current educational situation.


The title complex, [Ni(C2H1N9)(C10H8N2)2]·6H2O, was prepared under hydrothermal reaction conditions. The asymmetric unit contains the nickel complex and six solvent water molecules. The NiII ion is coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry defined by four N atoms from two 2,2′-bipyridine ligands and two N atoms from the 5,5′-iminobis(tetrazolate) (BTA2−) anions. In the crystal structure, an extensive range of O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds links the complex and the water molecules into a three-dimensional network.


The aim of this paper is to analyze and understand the role of law with regard to the plague in modern times with an international perspective. The paper will proceed by giving an overview of the different relevant legal regulations, studying the most recent significant cases of the plague, and considering how international law has dealt with them. Finally, this paper will attempt to address if the current international law system would be efficient in addressing the potential of massive plague outbreak and how it would be possible to improve it.


The responses of an uncertain linear system subjected to a Gaussian excitation will not be Gaussian. However, the conditional responses of the system, i.e., conditional on an outcome of the system parameters, will be Gaussian. Hence, the well-developed theory of Gaussian processes can be used to analyze the conditional responses and the conditional failure probability due to first crossing. For an uncertain system, different realizations of the system parameters will generate different level of conditional responses and conditional failure probabilities. Thus, when employing a simulation technique to analyze an uncertain system, it is more efficient to sample in those regions which will generate high conditional responses and failure probabilities. In view of this, variance reduction techniques such as importance sampling and stratified sampling can be used to estimate the probability of failure of such systems. Knowledge of the dynamic behavior of the uncertain linear system is used to identify those regions which generate high conditional failure probabilities and construct effective sampling densities. The results obtained for a single degree-of-freedom (dof) system and a 2-dof primary-secondary system compared well with the Monte Carlo estimates. The number of samples, i.e., the number of conditional random vibration analyses, needed were significantly less than that required by Monte Carlo simulation. For the covering entry of the conference see IRRD 831067. (Author/TRRL)


This article focuses on case studies detailing the recent implementation of electronic portfolios in three different colleges of education. Common themes examined in each case include purposes of the e-portfolios, the importance of faculty buy -in, implementation issues, and the need for ongoing training and support. Two of the three colleges chose customized Web-based portfolio systems developed by third-party vendors, and the third chose to develop a blended system combining the use of generic tools and an in-house database. These cases describe the tensions and problems associated with using e-portfolios for multiple purposes, such as student reflection and institutional accreditation. Also described are the complications that arise in sustaining and standardizing the use of e-portfolios following initial implementation. Portfolios are used in teacher education programs to provide evidence of pre-service teachers' professional growth and development. As programs are better able to integrate technology into the teacher preparation curriculum, many educational institutions are implementing electronic versions of portfolios (e-portfolios) on a widespread basis. Uses and types of electronic portfolios continue to grow and evolve, building on the visionary work of Helen Barrett (Barrett, 1999). Many of these efforts have moved beyond the pilot phase, with some high stakes (institutional accreditation among them) riding on the outcome of the implementation. This article describes the process of implementing e-portfolios in colleges of education at three different universities across the United States. In each case, the college is a recent adopter of e-portfolios, within the first three years of implementation (at the time of this writing). Gibson and Barrett (2003) defined two basic approaches that can be taken to meet portfolio-related goals. One approach involves a customized system (CS) that uses a Web-accessed database for the storage and retrieval of student artifacts and faculty evaluation data. In CS systems, a company or an educational institution provides a framework or structure for students to display their artifacts and link the content to student learning, reflections, program goals, and evaluations. The CS vendor provides server space for storage and data retrieval, and automates the process, requiring minimal user skill in uploading and linking information. The second approach involves students using generic tools (GT) such as word processing, multimedia authoring tools, portable document format (PDF) and weblogs to compile artifacts. GT systems use whatever digital storage is available, such as CD's, disk drives, and on-line space provided by the institution. Gibson and Barrett (2003) advanced a series of rubrics for determining advantages and trade-offs of each. Whichever approach is used, research that goes beyond the context of one class or one semester in implementing e-portfolio systems is limited. The examples available in the literature yield similar themes: a discussion of the multiple purposes of electronic portfolios, implementation issues within the college or department, and training issues (Gatlin & Jacob, 2002; Herner, Karayan, & McKean, 2003; Batson, 2002). These themes are reviewed here, and then revisited within the context of the experiences of each case. Purposes of Electronic Portfolios Electronic portfolios were a natural fit with the standards-based reform in teacher education. As standards were defined and refined, using an electronic means to show growth became more appealing. As technology improved and became ubiquitous, students found it easier to archive projects, assignments, and evidence of work in classroom, to reflect on these artifacts, and to repurpose them for specific audiences and specific purposes. Eportfolios used in this manner serve three purposes: as learning systems for professional development, for formative and summative assessment, and as employment portfolios (Hartnell-Young & Morriss, 1999). With the advent of requirements from The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) and state accrediting boards for systematic assessment of teacher candidates, institutions were quick to see the advantages that e-portfolio systems held for tracking student attainment of standards, adding a fourth purpose: accountability for accreditation (Barrett & Knezek, 2003). If the data are managed appropriately, assessment evidence can potentially be extracted from these student archival databases. The challenge comes when the same e-portfolio system is used for both student-centered purposes as well for satisfying institutional needs such as program evaluation and accreditation. While electronic assessment systems are not the same as electronic portfolios, the terms have unfortunately become interchangeable, confounding the research in this area. Barrett (2005) advocates that teacher education programs develop an approach where the electronic tool chosen supports these dual purposes and does not unduly influence the processes of archival collection, reflection, and feedback. Implementation Issues Successful implementation of e-portfolios involves a shared vision among faculty, students, and administration. This shared vision includes faculty agreement on a conceptual framework, strong administrative support, and a continuous process of articulating the vision and framework to students (Herner, Karayan, & McKean, 2003). According to Barrett (2004; Barrett & Knezek, 2003), implementation issues are embedded in an articulation of one's conceptual framework. In order to answer the question, "Why are we doing this?" agreement on underlying philosophies regarding how students learn and demonstrate their progress is critical. These philosophies must influence the development or selection of a system that supports student expression of learning while providing for program evaluation needs, rather than allowing the choice of the system to unduly influence student expression and program data collection. Implementation of a portfolio/assessment system without articulation of these purposes can result in faculty resentment (Barrett and Wilkerson, 2004). Faculty implementation of electronic portfolio systems requires a re-visiting of standards alignment with teaching activities and assignments. This activity requires compromise with colleagues in course design, sequencing, and syllabus development, and agreement and coordination among the faculty regarding the teaching of the tool skills involved in electronic portfolio development —what courses, by whom, and at what point in the program (Gatlin & Jacob, 2002). Developing a system that meets both assessment requirements for accreditation and a student-centered approach for professional development requires communication and compromise within the college and the departments. These compromises may force faculty into a more positivist or prescribed approach to learning than they are comfortable in implementing, a tension that is to be expected (Barrett, 2004). Given that most faculty members adopt innovations at individually varying rates, achieving faculty compliance takes time and development (Rogers, 1983).


Differences between siblings are affected by internal representations and non-shared environmental influences such as gender, birth rank order, different peer influences, illnesses, and accidents.


Many industrial processes for the production of particulate products rely on the accurate measurement of the sizes of these particles during the production process. One particle sizing technique which is implemented in commercial instruments due to its wide use in the manufacturing (of particulate products) industry is the laser diffraction method. The estimation of particle sizes by this method requires the solution of an inverse problem using a suitable model which incorporates the size, shape and optical properties of the particles. However, the commercial instruments which implement this laser diffraction method typically employ a model designed for spherical particles to solve this inverse problem even though a significant number of materials occur as elongated particles in industrial processes. As the inverse problem is ill-posed, then the use of a spherical model could lead to very misleading results. In this work, we demonstrate that the use of this spherical model for the estimation of sizes of these elongated particles could lead to over estimation of the proportion of the small particles in the population. This effect could lead to an under estimation of the mean particle size by as much as a factor of 50%.


The article describes the main development and testing aspects of an emergency braking function for an autonomous vehicle. The purpose of this function is to prevent the vehicle from collisions with obstacles, either stationary or moving. An algorithm is proposed to calculate deceleration for the automated braking, which takes into account the distance to the obstacle and velocities of both the vehicle and the obstacle. In addition, the algorithm adapts to deviations from the required deceleration, which are inevitable in the real-world practice due to external and internal disturbances and unaccounted dynamics of the vehicle and its systems. The algorithm was implemented as a part of the vehicle's mathematical model. Simulations were conducted, which allowed to verify algorithm's operability and tentatively select the system parameters providing satisfactory braking performance of the vehicle. The braking function elaborated by means of modeling then was connected to the solenoid braking controller of the experimental autonomous vehicle using a real-time prototyping technology. In order to estimate operability and calibrate parameters of the function, outdoor experiments were conducted at a test track. A good consistency was observed between the test results and simulation results. The test results have proven correct operation of the emergency braking function, acceptable braking performance of the vehicle provided by this function, and its capability of preventing collisions.


The primary purpose of the safety management is to prevent the loss of lives or physical damages arising from potential hazards in the railroad signaling system. Since such potential hazards may occur at any time during the system life cycle from design and development to maintenance, safety management activities have to be continuously taken in the course of the system life cycle. The identification of potential hazards is the early step of the safety management. However, such identification activities have to be continued during the system life cycle. Further, they have to be closely linked with system functions to prevent functional problems. This study provides a systematic approach to identification of potential hazards for their tracking and management during the system life cycle to assure the identification and definition of the most appropriate hazards.


If the word "stakeholder" were a person, it would just be coming into its prime. Born in 1963, it has accumulated experience in influential positions, and ought to be prepared for some serious responsibility. But what exactly does it offer, and is it ready?

This paper tries to show that the stakeholder concept is ready. In the first half, it explains three principles that form the heart of the idea: co-operation, commitment and rich information. Rich information, in particular, is given a new role in interpreting stakeholder theory. The second half of the paper focuses on a practical issue: methods for encouraging co-operation. For fifty years, organizational psychologists at the (UK) Tavistock Institute and the (US) National Training Laboratories have developed methods for changing relations in the workplace. The principles underlying their work are shown to be very close to the principles underlying the stakeholder approach. This means that the stakeholder approach has foundations in an important body of practical scientific experimentation.

Lastly, by explaining the principles underlying the idea of stakeholding, this paper fills a gap which has previously prevented the identification of a convincing causal connection between stakeholder policies and business performance.


Author(s): Shen, Sheng | Advisor(s): Gourinchas, Pierre-Olivier | Abstract: This dissertation consists of three essays that aim to provide a deeper understanding of the consequences of financial globalization and macroeconomic fluctuations—for banks, firms, and households—by analyzing both micro-foundations and macroeconomic implications.The first chapter studies how globalization of banking systems has affected credit allocation and the macroeconomy. I provide a new theory of credit allocation in financial systems with both global and local banks, and tests it using cross-country loan-level data. I first point out that the traditional theory in banking and corporate finance of firm-bank sorting based on hard versus soft information does not explain the sorting patterns between firms and global versus local banks. In light of this puzzle, I propose a new perspective: global banks have a comparative advantage in extracting global information, and local banks have a comparative advantage in extracting local information. I formalize this view in a model in which firms have returns dependent on global and local risk factors, and each bank type can observe only one component of the firms' returns. This double information asymmetry creates a segmented credit market with a double adverse selection problem: in equilibrium, each bank lends to the worst type of firms in terms of the unobserved risk factors. Moreover, I show that the adverse selection problem has important macroeconomic implications. When one of the bank types faces a funding shock, the adverse selection affects credit allocation at both the extensive and intensive margins, generating spillover and amplification effects through adverse interest rates. I formally test the model using detailed firm-bank micro data and empirical strategies that tightly map to the model set-up. I find firm-bank sorting patterns, and effects of US and Euro area monetary policy shocks on credit allocation, that support the model predictions. This evidence reveals a novel adverse selection channel of international monetary policy transmission.The second essay studies the long-run implications of financial crises and macroeconomic shocks on consumption behavior. We show that personal lifetime experiences can "scar" consumption. Consumers who have lived through times of high unemployment have persistent pessimistic beliefs about their future financial situation, though their actual future income is uncorrelated with past experiences. Nevertheless worse lifetime experiences predict significantly reduced consumption spending, controlling for income, wealth, demographics, and time effects. As a result of their experience-induced frugality, scarred consumers also build up more wealth. The results are robust to a battery of variations in the liquid- and illiquid wealth and income controls in the PSID, and replication in the Nielsen Homescan Panel and the CEX. Scarred consumers use more coupons and purchase more sale items and lower-end products. We use the stochastic life-cycle model of Low et al. (2010) to show that the estimated negative relationship between experiences and consumption cannot be generated by financial constraints, income scarring, or unemployment scarring, but is consistent with experience-based learning. As predicted by experience-based learning, the estimated effects of a macro shock are stronger for younger cohorts. The results suggest a novel micro-foundation of fluctuations in aggregate demand, and imply long-run effects of macroeconomic shocks.The third chapter studies the impact of capital inflows on the real economy in the context of a "China shock" in the US real estate market. We document an unprecedented surge in housing purchases by foreign Chinese in the US over the past decade and estimates its effect on US local economies. Using transaction-level data on housing purchases, we find that the share of purchases by foreign Chinese in the California real estate market increased almost twentyfold during the period of 2007-2013. In particular, these purchases have been concentrated in zip codes that are historically populated by ethnic Chinese, making up for more than 10% of the total real estate transactions in these neighborhoods in 2013. We exploit the cross-sectional variation in the concen- tration of Chinese population settlement across zip codes during the pre-sample period to instrument for housing transactions by foreign Chinese. The results show that the surge in capital inflow from China into the US real estate market significantly increases local housing prices and local employment. We present evidence showing that this effect is primarily driven by a housing net worth channel. The evidence highlights the role of foreign capital inflow on the local real economy, especially in times of economic downturns.


Many technologies have recently made noticeable changes in several domains. This paper will shed the light on the field of transportation to improve the life quality of visually impaired persons (VIPs) using some of these technologies such as Radio Frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensors network. Furthermore, a mechatronic system architecture and an appropriate design for its components will be proposed. This system will allow VIPs to safely catch buses with the help of an audio device and a tactile interface through a wireless communication system (Wi-Fi) between the transmitter and the receiver. VIPs will have the opportunity to get information about bus/transit stop locations and departure times or other transit schedule information. The motivation behind this project is that buses are vital in enabling blind people to participate fully in society, access to facilities and services.


T he choice of glucose as an osmotic agent for peritoneal dialysis (PD) sets certain demands on the conditions by which the dialysis fluid is sterilized. Heat sterilization has to be performed at a low pH to reduce the caramelization of glucose, which otherwise would turn the fluid brown. In commercial PD fluids the pH is set to 5.0 5.5 before sterilization, with slight differences between different brands. The impact of low pH and high osmolality on cellular functions in vitra has been known for many years. One pioneering work on cell and tissue culture (1) records that optimal growth is obtained between pH 7.2 and 7.4, and that it is undesirable to let the pH deviate outside the limits ofpH 6.8 to 7.6. Below 6.8, many cell types die within 24 hours. Cultured cells are unaffected by variations in the osmotic pressure in the order of ±10% and, in fact, they can tolerate much greater variations if these do not occur too quickly (1). About ten years ago, bioincompatibility due to low pH and high osmolality was documented for solutions intended for peritoneal dialysis (2). The major cause was the low pH, but some effect was related to the high osmolality of the fluid. Since then, a large number of studies have demonstrated that PD fluids have a significant negative impact on different biological systems, using end points such as viability, growth, and inflammatory responses, this being mainly due to the low pH. The hyperosmolality seems to be ofminor importance compared to the low pH. A few review articles summarize these results very nicely (35). Several experiments have demonstrated the toxicity of sterilized glucose in different applications (611), but so far minor attention has been paid to the cytotoxicity originating from glucose degradation in PD fluids. It seems to have been assumed that they are nontoxic. This might be a consequence of the very


This bachelor's work deals with processional activities and performance measuring methods which a company can use for its management system. In particular, it deals with the strategy and targets of a company and their evaluation, as well as the assessment of the parameters of individual processes. The objective is to perform an analysis of the present performance measuring system of internal processes in COLORLAK, a.s. and suggest possible improvements for selected processes to make them effective if the system is not found satisfactory.


A study is presented to what extent a striking difference in the evaporation-residue cross sections for two reactions, 86Kr + 130Xe and 86Kr + 136Xe, originates from different shell effects in 130Xe and 136Xe nuclei. A classical dynamical model with one-body dissipation was used to calculate the injection point to the "diffusion" stage of the Fusion-by-Diffusion model of Światecki, Siwek-Wilczynska and Wilczynski. Only a factor of 6 in the ratio of the fusion hindrance factors in these two reactions can be associated with the entrance-channel shell effects.


Extrudates of solid linear polyethylene prepared under proper pressure and temperature conditions have a high c axis orientation along the extrusion direction, with lamellar crystals and amorphous layers stacked alternately along the extrusion direction. Kink bands were formed by compressing the oriented extrudate at room temperature along the extrusion direction. Inspection of the kink bands by wide-angle and small-angle x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy revealed that the fiber axis was rotated from the original axis direction by 70–75° and that the lamellar crystals were inclined to the fiber axis in the kink band by 55–60° and stacked nearly parallel to the kink boundary. The superstructural change during the formation of the kink band could not be interpreted in terms of uniform c axis shear alone. In addition to such a mechanism, it was necessary to take into account intermicrofibril and/or intercrystallite slip.


The relatively long-term effects of temperament on classroom achievement were studied in a cohort of elementary students while accounting for variation in cognitive ability, previous achievement, and gender. The existence of long-term effects would support the hypothesis that indirect genetic effects on learning are mediated by temperament. Initial participants were 104 children from six first-grade classrooms in one elementary school in Georgia. Scholastic aptitude was assessed in grade 1, and achievement was assessed in grades 1 and 5. Temperament measurements were obtained from the Temperament Assessment Battery for Children--Teacher Form (TABC) of R. P. Martin (1988). Achievement data were recorded for 77 of the original students when they were in fifth grade Results indicPte that distractibility, activity level, and app.:oach tendency were related to achievement in both years, with the relationship for distractibility most evident. Results support the hypothesis that temperament has important effects on learning, suggesting that high distractibility and activity level in the first grade are risk factors for poor achievement in 1, r elementary school grades. Two tables and four flowcharts provide -tudy data. (SLD) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *******************************f.****),*************************x******** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION 410 This document has been reproduced as Roy P. NAe-r,A) CEN TER (ERIC) received from the person or organization originating it "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY (.1 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality in Points of view or opinions staled in this docu TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES ment do not necessarily represent 011,cial lI Or :RI position or policy INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."


Wireless power transfer (WPT) technology uses non-conductive-wire methods to realize power transmission from the power-supply side to the load side, which is an advantageous energy supply method in long-distance, non-contact scenarios. Based on the photovoltaic (PV) effect, traditional laser WPT (LWPT) has the advantage of high transmission power. However, the cooling requirements of PV modules introduce additional structural composition and operating energy. In this paper, an LWPT (BeE-LWPT) technology based on the Seebeck effect is proposed, and a brand-new energy conversion mode is designed. Aiming at the limited hot area of the thermoelectric element periodically heated using the expanded beam laser, the improvement effect of the transient laser grating thermal regulation mechanism on BeE-LWPT is studied. Multiphysics simulations of the temperature response of the hot end of the copper plate modulated by the laser beam spot are carried out with commercial finite-element software. Compared with the traditional beam expansion method for temperature control, the proposed modulation method based on the transient laser grating has a more stable temperature response and a more uniform heating area, which means better thermal regulation effect.


Abstract Conservation tillage is a cultural practice that reduces tomato spotted wilt of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) compared with conventional tillage. Other practices that influence incidence of...


The middle Yangtze Valley is an important region for studying the origin of rice agriculture. Archaeological remains of rice have been found in sites such as Pengtoushan and Bashidang as early as 8000 years ago. However, we know little about the adaptive diversity in this region as research has mostly focused on rice cultivation. With the help of new discoveries, this paper explores another adaptation behavior pattern that emphasizes the utilization of aquatic resources in the western part of the Jianghan Plain during the Paleolithic–Neolithic transition. Although the sea level was continuously rising with the warming process of early Holocene, the lakes that later became widely distributed were still in formation, thus not available for human utilization in the middle Yangtze Valley. However, most notably, the amelioration of the environment was producing a sort of new niche: utilizing aquatic resources became possible at least in parts of this region. A case study from the Guanzhou Site, based on lithics, suggests there were increasing demands for the utilization of aquatic resources. The study proposes that at least two different adaptation strategy changes occurred in the western Jianghan Plain during the Paleolithic–Neolithic transition, i.e., rice agriculture or complex hunting–gathering. These strategies represent adaptations to the different ecological conditions at the crossroads of habitat types.


The article discloses an increasing role of biodiversity in strategies of sustainable development of mountain areas. Unique character and attractiveness of mountain ecosystems due to significant biological, landscape and ethno genetic diversity and their sensibility to anthropogenic have been discussed. Estimation is given to biodiversity of North-East Caucasus based on Red Book List of animals and plants, significantly differentiated by regions and landscape zones. The greatest number of animals listed in the Red Book of North-East Caucasus is in Dagestan and Chechnya. Maximum biodiversity is found in mountain-forest and mountain-meadow zones, and minimal diversity is in the most developed inundable, low land and marine low-land landscapes. Keywords— biodiversity, sustainable development, dynamism, mountain areas, antropogenous factor, conservation areas, network


Aim: Polybromo-1 (PBRM1), a specific subunit of the pBAF chromatin remodeling complex, is frequently inactivated in cancer. For example, 40% of clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) and 15% of cholangiocarcinoma present deleterious PBRM1 mutations. There is currently no precision medicine-based therapeutic approach that targets PBRM1 defects. To identify novel, targeted therapeutic strategies for PBRM1-defective cancers, we carried out high-throughput functional genomics and drug screenings followed by in vitro and in vivo validation studies. Methods: High-throughput siRNA-drug sensitization and drug sensitivity screens evaluating > 150 cancer-relevant small molecules in dose-response were performed in Pbrm1 siRNA-transfected mouse embryonic stem cells (mES) and isogenic PBRM1-KO or -WT HAP1 cells, respectively. After identification of PBRM1-selective small molecules, revalidation was carried out in a series of in-house-generated isogenic models of PBRM1 deficiency - including 786-O (ccRCC), A498 (ccRCC), U2OS (osteosarcoma) and H1299 (non-small cell lung cancer) human cancer cell lines - and non-isogenic ccRCC models, using multiple clinical compounds. Mechanistic dissection was performed using immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, western blotting, DNA fiber assay, transcriptomics, proteomics and DRIP-sequencing to evaluate markers of DNA damage response (DDR), replication stress and cell-autonomous innate immune signaling. Preclinical data were integrated with TCGA tumor data. Results: Parallel high-throughput drug screens independently identified PARP inhibitors (PARPi) as being synthetic lethal with PBRM1 defects - a cell type-independent effect which was exacerbated by ATR inhibitors (ATRi) and which we revalidated in vitro in isogenic and non-isogenic systems and in vivo in a xenograft model. PBRM1 defects were associated with increased replication fork stress (higher γH2AX and RPA foci levels, decreased replication fork speed and increased ATM checkpoint activation), R-loop accumulation and enhanced genomic instability in vitro; these effects were exacerbated upon PARPi exposure. In patient tumor samples, we also found that PBRM1-mutant cancers possessed a higher mutational load. Finally, we found that ATRi selectively activated the cGAS/STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway in PBRM1-deficient cells, resulting in increased expression of type I interferon genes. Conclusion: PBRM1-defective cancer cells present increased replication fork stress, R-loop formation, genome instability and are selectively sensitive to PARPi and ATRi through a synthetic lethal mechanism that is cell type-independent. Our data provide the pre-clinical rationale for assessing PARPi as a monotherapy or in combination with ATRi or immune-modulating agents in molecularly-selected patients with PBRM1-defective cancers. Citation Format: Roman Merial Chabanon, Daphne Morel, Leo Colmet-Daage, Thomas Eychenne, Nicolas Dorvault, Ilirjana Bajrami, Marlene Garrido, Suzanna Hopkins, Cornelia Meisenberg, Andrew Lamb, Theo Roumeliotis, Samuel Jouny, Clemence Astier, Asha Konde, Genevieve Almouzni, Jyoti Choudhary, Jean-Charles Soria, Jessica Downs, Christopher J. Lord, Sophie Postel-Vinay. Targeting chromatin remodeling-associated genetic vulnerabilities in cancer: PBRM1 defects are synthetic lethal with PARP and ATR inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1058.


Hepatitis B infection is a serious health problem worldwide. Prevention of this disease with its fatal consequences depends greatly on the level of adolescents' knowledge, attitudes and preventive measures about it. Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and preventive measures regarding hepatitis B among adolescents contacting Pediatric Outpatient Clinics of Tanta University hospitals, Egypt. Setting: The study was carried out at Outpatients Pediatric Clinics of Tanta University Hospitals. Sampling: A purposive sample of all adolescents contacting the pediatric clinic from June - July 2016 and willing to participate in the study were included. Their number was 100 adolescents and their ages ranged from 12-18 years. Research design: A descriptive design was used. Results: The majority of the studied subjects had educated parents, about three fourth of them had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding hepatitis B definition, management and the family constitute the main sources of knowledge to 39% of them. About one third of the studied subjects who had unsatisfactory score of the total knowledge were males (29%) and had none employed parents (father 35%& mother 44%).Regarding the subjects' attitude, three fourth of them ; realize that hepatitis B is an infectious disease and half of them also accept to make a check up for hepatitis B. One third of the studied subjects' who had unsatisfactory attitude to hepatitis B infection were males and had none employed parents, compared to only one fifth of female subjects. Regarding subjects' preventive measures, about one third of male subjects had unsatisfactory preventive measures score regarding hepatitis B and had none employed parents. Conclusion: More than three fourth of the studied subjects had unsatisfactory knowledge about hepatitis B definition and management and have unsatisfactory attitude to hepatitis B and do unsatisfactory measures when dealing with hepatitis B infected persons. Recommendations: Educational and health promotion programs should be conducted to increase the level of knowledge, attitudes and preventive measures regarding Hepatitis B among the adolescents


Spectroscopic images were obtained using a system combining a tunable continuous-wave terahertz laser with an InP-based Schottky barrier diode detector integrating a broadband log-periodic antenna. The distribution of polymorphic forms in pharmaceutical tablets was observed in obtained at images over 1 THz.


To apply the student-centered teaching approach in Electronic commerce course, teachers should change the roles they play and make sure that the tasks of the students come up with thestudent-centered syllabus and contents being taught. Teachers should also make full use of the internet, pay more attention to practical teaching and maximize student motivation, thus making a good learning environment for students.


The paper, which was presented in the 7th International Conference on Thin-Walled Structures, discusses procedures that are applied for the assessment of the crashworthiness of marine structures, in particular ships, when they are subjected to impact loads, such as collisions with other floating or fixed bodies and groundings. The section that follows the introduction presents the methods that have been developed and used for the determination of the damage of ship structures subjected to impact loads. The following section discusses an aspect that is essential for the realistic finite-element simulation of the impacts, namely the modelling of the material behaviour. The last section presents briefly the procedures to assess if a structure is crashworthy and if a measure to reduce the risk related to accidental loads is effective. Aspects that are discussed in the paper are the object of other papers that are presented in the sessions on "Collisions and Groundings" of the Conference.


The significance of ground freezing is becoming ever more germane as the design of new urban tunneling systems requires more complex geometries and higher bearing capacities, which are limited with conventional construction methods. Ground freezing is an advanced construction technique to make the water-saturated subsoil impermeable and temporarily increase its strength and stiffness. This study reports experimental investigations consisting of single-stage and multi-stage creep tests under uniaxial loading. The comparison of the different loading types reveals the influence of the stress-strain history on the rate- and temperature-dependent behavior of frozen granular soils. We extend the constitutive model for frozen soils proposed by Cudmani et al. (2022) to consider stepwise loading and creep by coupling creep time with stress-strain history. Moreover, we simulate element tests and compare the simulations with our own experimental data as well as data from the literature to achieve the first step in validating the extended model. The good agreement of the numerical and experimental results confirms the constitutive model's ability to capture the main features of the complex mechanical behavior of frozen granular soils for single-stage as well as multi-stage loading under constant temperatures.


The aim of the research was to study the effects of biological seed treatment utilization rhizobacteria on seed germination and seedling growth, furthermore to figure out the competence of rhizobacteria isolates to dissolve phosphate, produce acetic indol acid (IAA) and siderophore. 18 rhizobacteria isolates used in this research, each isolates was anlayze in vitro; IAA, phosphate and siderophore. Then carried out the in vitro test, the pepper seeds were inoculated with rhizobacteria isolates suspension then germinated. Seedlings were transpalated into a plastic pot filled with medium soil and compost (2:1). The germination was observed everyday until 14 days, the seedlings was observed at 4 and 6 weeks after transplating. Based on the study, all the rhizobacteria isolates produced IAA, 13 rhizobacteria isolates capable to dissolve phosphate and 12 rhizobacteria isolates produced siderophore. Seed treatment using RBNA 14, RBNA 13, RBKB 5, and RBSPA 14 adequate to increase the germination in seed viability and vigor also increase seedling growth


Levy and Reid's (1978) handedness and laterality hypothesis was examined using hand steadiness in a unimanual/bimanual condition, with and without verbal loading. Results supported their prediction only for degree of laterality but not for motor performance.


To determine the prevalence of silent aspiration in pediatric patients and identify which diagnoses may be associated with this finding.


Denoising Diffusion models have exhibited remarkable capabilities in image generation. However, generating high-quality samples requires a large number of iterations. Knowledge distillation for diffusion models is an effective method to address this limitation with a shortened sampling process but causes degraded generative quality. Based on our analysis with bias-variance decomposition and experimental observations, we attribute the degradation to the spatial fitting error occurring in the training of both the teacher and student model. Accordingly, we propose $\textbf{S}$patial $\textbf{F}$itting-$\textbf{E}$rror $\textbf{R}$eduction $\textbf{D}$istillation model ($\textbf{SFERD}$). SFERD utilizes attention guidance from the teacher model and a designed semantic gradient predictor to reduce the student's fitting error. Empirically, our proposed model facilitates high-quality sample generation in a few function evaluations. We achieve an FID of 5.31 on CIFAR-10 and 9.39 on ImageNet 64$\times$64 with only one step, outperforming existing diffusion methods. Our study provides a new perspective on diffusion distillation by highlighting the intrinsic denoising ability of models.


Despite the frequency of acute poisoning in normal children by oral or rectal phosphosoda laxatives, the rate of clearance of the resultant high level of phosphorus and the rationale for therapy are defined incompletely. 1 Pharmacokinetic analysis has been made of plasma inorganic phosphate (P i) in an infant after ingestion of phosphosoda laxative and of data reported for four comparable poisonings in healthy infants to provide a nomogram which predicts the decline in P i in paediatric phosphate poisoning. 2 Clearance of Pi is exponential; it directly correlates with and approaches the glomerular filtration rate. 3 After single oral or rectal overdoses, plasma Pi at diagnosis is 4-20 mmoul and has a half-life of 5-11 h that appears independent of therapy. The time for plasma Pi to return to normal can be calculated from the initial Pi as t = (In 5/P i )/0.1292. 4 Neuromuscular and cardiac abnormalities relate to the low serum calcium; the increase of total serum calcium during recovery from phosphate poisoning is linear but is accelerated by intravenous (i.v.) calcium salt. Continued i.v. calcium therapy may be required since restoration of plasma calcium is often delayed.


With the increasing competition of the tourism,the united development of the regional tourism has become an irreversible trend,which is the only way to speed up the development of the area tourism.Based on the analyses of the present Dahongshan regional tourism development,the thesis proposes building the Dahongshan regional tourism united area;adopting the mode of tourism united development in Dahongshan region,in order to speed up the development of tourist industry of the Dahongshan region.


b2-Glycoprotein I (b2-GPI), a plasma protein with in vitro anticoagulant properties, has been recognized to have an important role in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) as a cofactor and an (co)antigen in ELISA assays. Although b2-GPI levels were found to be increased in some patients with APS, the clinical value of measuring b2-GPI levels in APS is not known. Several reports have suggested that anti-b2-GPI antibodies may be a marker for the APS and might be more speci®c for the vascular complications of the APS than anticardiolipin antibodies. There have been major discoveries about phospholipid (PL) and antibody binding sites on b2-GPI, although more studies are needed. Reports of changes in cell membrane PL composition or exposure of other anionic molecules by apoptosis, cell activation and oxidative injury suggest mechanisms to explain b2-GPI binding and the generation of cryptic epitopes for aPL/anti-b2-GPI antibodies.


The utility model discloses a high-voltage direct-current polymeric cable, which comprises a conductor in the centre of the cable, wherein a semi-conductive strip is lapped outside the conductor; a semi-conductive conductor shielding layer, an insulation layer and an outer semi-conductive insulation shielding layer are arranged outside the semi-conductive strip in turn to form an insulation wire core; a buffer layer is lapped outside the insulation wire core; a metal jacket layer is wrapped outside the buffer layer; an anti-corrosion asphalt or hot melt adhesive layer is coated outside the metal jacket layer; and an outer protective layer is arranged at the outmost layer. The high-voltage direct-current polymeric cable disclosed by the utility model has good electrical and mechanical properties and excellent water resistant property and anti-corrosion property, can satisfy various environmental requirements, and is particularly applied to direct-current power transmission.


This paper shows that individuals' product market choices influence their investment decisions. Using microdata from the brokerage and automotive industries, we find a strong positive relation between customer relationship, ownership of a company, and size of the ownership stake. Investors also are more likely to purchase and less likely to sell shares of companies they frequent as customers. These effects are stronger for individuals with longer customer relationships. A merger-based natural experiment confirms our main findings. A setup in which customer-investors regard stocks as consumption goods, not just as investment goods, seems to best explain our results.


The dominant majority of 3D models that appear in gaming, VR/AR, and those we use to train geometric deep learning algorithms are incomplete, since they are modeled as surface meshes and missing their interior structures. We present a learning framework to recover the shape interiors (RoSI) of existing 3D models with only their exteriors from multi-view and multi-articulation images. Given a set of RGB images that capture a target 3D object in different articulated poses, possibly from only few views, our method infers the interior planes that are observable in the input images. Our neural architecture is trained in a category-agnostic manner and it consists of a motion-aware multi-view analysis phase including pose, depth, and motion estimations, followed by interior plane detection in images and 3D space, and finally multi-view plane fusion. In addition, our method also predicts part articulations and is able to realize and even extrapolate the captured motions on the target 3D object. We evaluate our method by quantitative and qualitative comparisons to baselines and alternative solutions, as well as testing on untrained object categories and real image inputs to assess its generalization capabilities.


The article presents the results of comparative research of particular features of coping strategies, life orientations and interpersonal relationships in disabled people with acquired and congenital diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Differences of interpersonal behaviour in the area of control and factors influencing the dynamic of the life purpose were identified. Refs 12. Figs 5. Tables 2.


Physiological rhythms are the basis of life. Rhythmic processes interact with each other and with the environment. To understand the mechanisms of physiological rhythms and the functioning of the most vital organs and systems of man particularly relevant is the use of nonlinear dynamics


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree and pattern of knowledge management process, and to identify the relationship between knowledge management process and organizational effectiveness in clinical nurses. Method: Participants were 665 regular clinical nurses who had worked for over 1 year in general units of 9 tertiary medical hospitals including 2 national university hospitals, 5 university hospitals, and 2 hospitals founded by business enterprises. Data were collected from March to May 2003 through questionnaires. Four structured instruments were used to collect the data: Knowledge Management Process Scale(Jeong, Lee, Lee, & Kim, 2003), cCommitment Questionnaire(Mowday, Steers, & Porter, 1979), General Satisfaction Scale(CooK, Hepworth, Wall, & Warr, 1981), and one for general characteristics. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, correlation analysis with the SPSS for Windows 10.0 program. Result: 1) The average score for knowledge management process in nurses was on a 5-point Likert scale. In order from highest mean score, the elements of knowledge management process, were Knowledge , Knowledge , Knowledge , and Knowledge . 2) Four knowledge management patterns for nurses, which were derived from cluster analysis, were inactivate pattern, delayed pattern, activate pattern, and high-activate pattern of knowledge management. 3) The degree of knowledge management process activation and 4 elements of knowledge management process, Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Storage, Knowledge Sharing, and Knowledge Utilization, were significantly correlated with nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction(p=.000). 4) The nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction showed significant differences according to the knowledge management patterns derived from cluster analysis of high-activate pattern, activate pattern, delayed pattern, inactivate pattern(p=.000). Conclusion: These results suggest that there are four knowledge management patterns for nurses, and knowledge management process positively affects the nurses' organizational commitment and job satisfaction. From the above findings, knowledge management process is empirically verified as a useful and effective method to increase organizational effectiveness, and develop the organization.


With the monochromatic and the directional capability of the laser, laser detection system is confidential in anti-jamming. Detection accuracy is improved significantly as the result of laser's good orientation ability. Sensitivity is enhanced as laser's high-brightness characteristic. With the development of laser technology and laser devices, laser detections are developed both in civilian and military areas. In the military field, laser detection system has been widely applied in various types of tactical missiles, the technique is more mature. Because photo detectors receive the backscattering echo signal of target in laser detection system, they are required sensitive enough to weak signal. With APD's salient features of high sensitivity, rapid response speed, high response frequency and low noise equivalent power, etc.; PIN is replaced by APD to improve sensitivity of laser detection system in recent years. The signal magnification is inadequate in laser detection system, the detector output is usually amplified by multistage amplifiers. And then the system noise includes detector noise and latter amplifiers noise. With its high internal gain, APD becomes the primary noise source of receiving system. This point can be attested by analyzing the transfer function of laser detection system receiver. To ensure the system detecting ability, APD noise must be mitigated as low as possible. According to a large number of experiments, the power signal-to-noise (SNR) and the best multiplication factor of APD are mostly affected by background radiation and temperature. In order to make APD operate at state of the best multiplication factor, the optimum bias must be selected due to the actual operating circumstance. Therefore, APD realtime compensation must be adopted. The existing APD compensation includes the constant false alarm rate compensation, the noise compensation and the temperature compensation. The features of these compensations are obtained by analyzing their operating principles. The constant false alarm rate compensation can't detect the pulse signal which comes randomly. Therefore real-time performance can't be realized. The noise compensation can meet the request of real-time performance. If it is used in the environment where background light is intense or changes acutely, there is a better effect. The temperature compensation can also achieve the real-time performance request. If it is used in the environment where temperature changes acutely, there is also a better effect. Aim at such problems, this paper presents that different APD real-time compensations should be adopt to adapt to different environments. The exiting temperature compensation adjusts output voltage by using variable resistance to regulate input voltage. Its structure is complex; the real-time performance is worse. In order to remedy these defects, a real-time temperature compensation which is based on switch on-off time of switching power supply is designed. Its feasibility and operating stability are confirmed by plate making and experiment. At last, the comparison experiments between the real-time noise compensation and the real-time temperature compensation is carried out in the environments where temperature is almost invariant and background light acutely changes from5lux to150lux . The result shows that the operating effect of the real-time noise compensation is better here, the noise minifies to a sixth of original noise. The comparison experiments between the real-time noise compensation and the real-time temperature compensation is carried out in darkroom where background light is 5lux and temperature almost rapidly changes from −20°C to 80°C. The result shows that the operating effect of the real-time temperature compensation is better here, the noise minifies to a seventh of original noise. Moreover, these methods can be applied to other type detection systems of weak photoelectric signal; they have high actual application value.


A set of 12 internal magnetic field coils (I-coils) has recently been installed and is being used in 2003 experiments. The purpose of this new coil set is to provide stabilization of resistive wall modes (RWM) for advanced tokamak plasmas with toroidalabove the no wall stability limit. Calculations with the 3D electromagnetic code VALEN (1) predict that the performance of this system should be superior to the previously installed external compensation coils (C-coils) by providing feedback stabilization up to the ideal wall beta limit without the need for strong plasma rotation, which was required in previous DIII-D experiments (2). Initial results have shown that with feedback this I-coil set can stabilize the RWM well above the no wall limit and simultaneously reduce the resonant field amplification (RFA) process (3) allowing high toroidal rotation. With the I-coil fewer Amp- turns are required than with the existing external C-coil set. In this paper we will discuss these results, and other uses of the I-coils. The new 12 I-coil set consists of six single-turn, water cooled coils equally spaced toroidally above the outer midplane and an identical set of six coils below the midplane, shown in Fig. 1. The area of each coil is 1.1 m 2 (total DIII-D vacuum vessel area is ~70 m 2 ). These "window frame" coils are positioned 1.47 cm inside the Inconel vacuum vessel wall but behind graphite armor tiles. Maximum rated coil current is 7 kA which corresponds to about 9 gauss at the q=3 surface for an m/n=3/1 helical configuration. These coils can be connected in a variety of combinations, allow- ing for optimization of feedback control of n=1 or 2 RWM modes of variable m number. The low m spectra of various n=1 connections is shown in Fig. 2 and compared to the m spectra produced by the C-coil. For the exper- iments described here, the 240 deg connection was used, maximizing the m/n=3/1 compo- nent. Extensive sets of poloidal field (20 internal) and radial field (30 external, 18 inter- nal) sensors are available for optimizing mode detection and for control algorithms,although not all sensors are used simultaneously. 300∞


We simulate the formation of a metal-poor (10^-2 Zsun) stellar cluster in one of the first galaxies to form in the early Universe, specifically a high-redshift atomic cooling halo (z~14). This is the first calculation that resolves the formation of individual metal-enriched stars in simulations starting from realistic cosmological initial conditions. We follow the evolution of a single dense clump among several in the parent halo. The clump forms a cluster of ~40 stars and sub-stellar objects within 7000 years and could continue forming stars ~5 times longer. Protostellar dust heating has a negligible effect on the star formation efficiency, at least during the early evolutionary stages, but it moderately suppresses gaseous fragmentation and brown dwarf formation. We observe fragmentation in thin gaseous filaments and sustained accretion in larger, rotating structures as well as ejections by binary interactions. The stellar initial mass function above 0.1 Msun, evaluated after ~10^4 years of fragmentation and accretion, seems in agreement with the recent measurement in ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal Galactic satellites of Geha et al. (2013).


Afferent feedback alters muscle activity during locomotion and must be tightly controlled. As primary afferent depolarization‐induced presynaptic inhibition (PAD‐PSI) regulates afferent signaling, we investigated hindlimb PAD‐PSI during locomotion in an in vitro rat spinal cord–hindlimb preparation. We compared the relation of PAD‐PSI, measured as dorsal root potentials (DRPs), to observed ipsilateral and contralateral limb endpoint forces. Afferents activated during stance‐phase force strongly and proportionately influenced DRP magnitude in the swinging limb. Responses increased with locomotor frequency. Electrical stimulation of contralateral afferents also preferentially evoked DRPs in the opposite limb during swing (flexion). Nerve lesioning, in conjunction with kinematic results, support a prominent contribution from toe Golgi tendon organ afferents. Thus, force‐dependent afferent feedback during stance binds interlimb sensorimotor state to a proportional PAD‐PSI in the swinging limb, presumably to optimize interlimb coordination. These results complement known actions of ipsilateral afferents on PAD‐PSI during locomotion.


This article explores how gay and lesbian identities are incorporated, or not, into the roles and routines of Irish film and television production. Data were gathered in 2018–2019 through semi-structured interviews with a purposive, snowball sample of 10 people who work in the Irish industries. The key findings are that for gay and lesbian workers their minority sexual identity impacts on the roles that they are likely to be included and excluded from. Sexuality also affects their promotion prospects and their career progression. Similarly, in terms of routines of production, gay and lesbian workers are associated with certain genres, based on stereotypical assumptions about their sexual identities by their hetero-managers and colleagues. In short, Irish gay and lesbian media workers articulated an overarching tension between the heteronormativity of the industry and the queerness of the gay and lesbian media worker. Some workers respond to that tension by adopting a homonormative approach to work while others attempt to forge a queer way of producing.


The rise of the Internet and multimedia communications demands higher transmission speeds and higher bandwidths. In wireless communications, the radio channel is a hostile transmission medium due to the faints generated by the multichannel propagation, which reduces the quality and reliability of the channel and consequently the speed of communication. On the other hand, the radio spectrum is a limited and saturated resource that prevents free bandwidth allocations. This paper explores the STBC and SM techniques using different equalization ZF, MMSE and ML. MRC and EG are used at receiver end as combing the diversified information. The comparative analysis has been explored in this paper. Further VBLAST technique is developed for higher spectral efficiency. Performance evaluation claims lesser BER when higher transmit diversity.


Image display system according to the present invention includes a camera for imaging the background, a monitor for displaying the captured background image, and an optical lens provided on the display surface side of the monitor, the monitor picture by an optical lens by substantially matching the background surface a virtual image of, when the viewer views the background monitor over, keeping the visual continuity of the monitor image and the background is visible to the viewer. Thus, observer when viewed monitor direction, to provide an image display system and image display method which can be visually recognized by an observer keeping the visual continuity of the monitor image and the background.


Traditional protection and stability control system are not able to meet smart grid's requirements.Studies on protection and stability control system integration both in substation(or plant) and control center are presented separately,security and reliability are key in system integration.Smart grid can realize complete coordination,the integrated system is self-adaptive and can accept large scale of new energy sources.


Rice planthopper and rice leaf folder,the major pests in rice production in Zhaoping County,broke out heavily in 2007 because of abnormal weather.Due to frequent storms,suitable climate,abundant pests resources,large amounts of adult pests migration,high rate of remnants and the decline of natural enemy's prevention ability,the pests had the characteristics of obvious migration peak period,a large amount of pests migration,breaking out in a big area and wide range,high population density and complex structure in fields,and causing serious damage etc.In the production,some countermeasures were put forward,which include strengthening field monitoring for pests,mastering the proper period for control,strengthening the prevention and control to reduce the pressure of main pests generation,spraying pesticides scientifically and improving spraying methods to enhance the control effects.


From a consideration of the empirical risks of repetition of cleft lip, cleft palate, and pyloric stenosis within a family, a general theorem was devised in which genetic moiety, neomutational portion, dominance, and penetrance were interrelated. This theorem made possible the calculation of estimates for these parameters and offered an explanation for certain paradoxes in the distribution of the cases in the family. It was likely that such conditions do have a partial genetic etiology, with reduced penetrance, and that dominance varies from trait to trait. A portion of the occurrence of these congenital anomalies can be ascribed to mutations arising in each generation. An example is cited of a mutagenic influence that might increase the incidence of malformations, namely, the exposure of human populations to ionizing radiation, and a quantitative estimate of the latter risk was proposed. That the fraction (m) of congenital anomalies due to radiation appears small for two of the traits discussed is not surprising, inasmuch as these conditions are compatible with survival and retention of a good part of reproductive fitness. Accordingly, higher values of m should be expected for more » the more severe anomalies that are lethal or entail a near-complete loss of reproductive fitness. Unpublished results on major congenital anomalies in large populations gives evidence saggesting a minimum mean value m = 0.35 for the ensemble of such cases. The importance of the parameter in lies in the prediction of the effect of a given mutagenic influence upon the incidence of developmental effects. This can be expressed by i = (D/ sub m/)/(D/sub 2/), where i is the increase in incidence in the offspring of the parental generation (P/sub 1/) to which is applied a dose D of an influence for which the mutation-doubling dose is D/sub 2/. In the case of the diagnostic use of x-rays in North America at this time (estimated at 4.5-r gonad dose per 30 yr, i.e. per generation) substitution in the equation of the value m = 0.35 leads to an estimate: i = (4.5 x 3.5)/30 = 0.05, i.e., a 5% increase in the incidence of congenital malformation in the first filial generation, D/sub 2/ for x rays being provisionally estimated at 30 r. The role of the portion (g) of genetically transmitted anomalies must also be considered since the genetic moiety is all mutational in origin: some of it (m) arising in the present parental generation, the remainder (g/sub 1/) having arisen in an indefinite number of generations prior to the P/sub 1/. While an increase in m is expected in the first filial generation (F/sub 1/) from a dose D/sub 2/ applied to the P/sub 1/, a total increase in g will result, spread over the entire posterity. If D/sub 2/ is applied to all succeeding generations (permanent doubling), the expected increase per generation rises from m to reach g at equilibrium (after many generations). The question of the induction of mutations by radiation is a vital one, and contrary to the negative impression favored by some official spokesmen, it has been shown that paternal irradiation by the atomic bombs in Japan was followed by a statistically significant increase of reproductive wastage in the offspring and that the magnitude of the increase in major congenital malformations was quite near that expected in the F/sub 1/ from the estimated amount of radiation received. This was of the order of a 1% increase per roentgen gonad dose. (BBB) « less


The efficiency of influence of chloride sodium baths and their application in combination with magnetotherapy were studied in 92 patients with early forms of cerebrovascular disorders in hypertention. The obtained data allows to recommend differential application of given methods in complex resort treatment of early forms of cerebrovascular disorders depending on'the stage of arterial hypertention, main cerebral complaints and state of microcircular channels.


We investigate the quantum decoherence of Dirac fields in a non-inertial system under phase damping channel. The quantum decoherence and the loss of entanglement generated by Unruh radiation will influence each other, and the entanglement disappears only as time tends to infinity whether one or two qubits of system is coupled to the environment.


There are 230 million children under the age of 16 in China.According to the statistics from China Shanghai International Children's Book Fair,children's new book sales in China increased by 11%year on year and accounted for 50%of the top 100 bestselling titles in the first six months of 2014.As the only one of its type covering the Asia-Pacific region,the second Shanghai International Children's Book Fair(CCBF)is on course to be a stunning success."Children's book sales in China


The objective of improving energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a primary design requirement given the limited energy available in the battery powered sensor nodes. In this paper, a battery aware distributed clustering and routing protocol is proposed for the maximization of the network lifetime. The proposed protocol incorporates the state of the battery's remaining charge and health parameters in computing the charge utility metric at each cluster formation round. The performance of the proposed protocol is assessed via analysis and simulations and the gains are quantified using common energy related metrics. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to effectively increase the network lifetime significantly when compared to other distributed flat and hierarchical based routing protocols. The implication of the findings is that, by carefully harnessing the information pertaining to the nodes' battery condition at the network layer, it is feasible to realize major improvements in energy efficiency of the WSN.


Transport negatively effects borne not only the environment, but they also have a negative impact on society and contribute to economic efficiency decrease and economic losses. The purpose of this article is to present economic and social approach to vibrations as the external cost of transportation.


Cercospora leaf spot is the most important disease of sugar beet worldwide. The disease is caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola and is managed principally by timely application of fungicides including those of the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) class. However, reliance on DMIs has caused an increase in resistance to this class of fungicides in multiple C. beticola populations. To better understand the genetic and evolutionary basis for resistance in C. beticola, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and selective sweep analysis were conducted for the first time in this fungal plant pathogen. We performed whole genome resequencing of 190 C. beticola isolates predominantly from North Dakota and Minnesota that were phenotyped for sensitivity to tetraconazole, the most widely used DMI fungicide in this region. GWAS identified mutations in genes associated with DMI fungicide resistance including a Regulator of G-protein Signaling (RGS) protein, an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) pleiotropic drug resistance transporter, a dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK), and a gene annotated as a hypothetical protein. A SNP upstream of CbCYP51, the gene encoding the target of DMI fungicides, was also identified via GWAS. Haplotype analysis of CbCYP51 identified a synonymous mutation (E170) in high linkage disequilibrium with the upstream SNP, and multiple non-synonymous mutations (L144F, I387M and Y464S) associated with DMI resistance. Additionally, a putative codon bias effect for the L144F substitution was identified that generated different resistance potentials. We also identified a CbCYP51 paralog in C. beticola, CbCYP51-like, with high protein homology to CYP51C found uniquely in Fusarium species but CbCYP51-like does not appear to influence DMI sensitivity. Genome-wide scans of selection showed that several of the GWAS mutations for fungicide resistance resided in regions that have recently undergone a selective sweep. Using radial plate growth on selected media as a fitness proxy, we did not find a trade-off associated with DMI fungicide resistance suggesting that resistance mutations can persist in C. beticola populations. Taken together, we show that population genomic data from a crop pathogen can allow the identification of mutations conferring fungicide resistance and inform about their origins in the pathogen population.


Based on the history of negation in French, this paper proposes a parametrization of how languages may morphologically express the logical structure of negation provided by UG. It is argued that the change of French negation is driven by a general economy principle governing language acquisition, which favors shorter chains over longer ones. It is also claimed that this change correlates with a change in the determiner system which leads negative chains to develop from indefinite chains


Objectives: The clinical profile among patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is not well reported in Qatar. To determine the clinical characteristics and profile of patients having acute coronary syndromes presenting to a private tertiary hospital in Qatar.
Methods: Retrospective study conducted at a large tertiary center. Successive cases presenting with ACS to the coronary-care unit between January 2009 and December 2013 were included. Cases were grouped into ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction/unstable angina (NSTEMI/UA) for the purpose of analysis.
Results: Among 451 patients treated for ACS, 327(72.7%) were males and 123(27.3%) females. 36 (8%) patients had STEMI, 269 (59.8%) NSTEMI and 145(32.2%) had unstable angina. 343 (76.2%) had hypertension, 228 (50.7%) had diabetes mellitus and 195(43.3%) were smokers. In 238(52.9%) patients the time of onset and reaching hospital was between 12 am to 6 am. More than 70% patients with ACS were in the age group of 41 to 60 years of age.
Conclusions: In a varied, multi ethnic and rapidly growing economy of Qatar the number of males suffering ACS far exceeds the females. A high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors implies a continuing burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Improving the lifestyles of patients in the region will be crucial for improving long-term outcomes. Appropriate vision and emphasis is required for the management of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease in this part of the world. The patient profile and characteristics including the risk profile helps us to understand the demographic variation and prevalence in our mix of multi ethnic, migrant and expat population utilizing the private healthcare sector services.


There is a need to develop new maize (Zea mays L.) breeding methodologies for the easier screening of quantitative traits that are largely influenced by the environment. Molecular laboratories initially intended to work with these challenging and economically important traits but have targeted genetically simple traits instead, often not a challenge to breeders. Root systems are important components of drought tolerance in maize genotypes. Phenotyping maize root systems without destroying experimental plots, however, is challenging. Our goal was to develop a nondestructive screening methodology for short-season drought tolerance through BRACE, an index including root traits. Hybrids that represent a unique short-season diverse maize sample were tested in eight waterstressed and well-watered environments, along with control commercial checks in 2013 and 2014. Short-season drought tolerant hybrids were best for brace root count and spread width and root lodging resistance. We propose BRACE as a method for high throughput maize phenotyping leading to improvement in drought tolerance. Phenotyping of root traits associated with BRACE is simple, nondestructive, and can be performed in less than 2 min plot−1. BRACE could be a reliable method for large-scale high throughput phenotyping of segregating generations for cultivar development under controlled drought stress environments in maize breeding programs. Validation of this method and further complimentary research across genetic materials is encouraged. S. Sharma and M.J. Carena, Corn Breeding and Genetics, Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58108-6050. Received 22 Feb. 2016. Accepted 1 July 2016. *Corresponding author (email@example.com). Assigned to Associate Editor Marilyn Warburton. Abbreviations: ASI, anthesis-silking interval; BC, brace root count; BW, brace root spread width; BWH, number of brace root whorls; GCA, general combining ability; SCA, specific combining ability; RC, root capacitance; RCBD, randomized complete block design; RM, relative maturity; SPV, standardized phenotypic trait values; WS, waterstressed; WW, well-watered. Published in Crop Sci. 56:2996–3004 (2016). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.02.0116 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).All rights reserved. Published July 21, 2016


How to effectively do well the aintenance and management of medical equipments in hospital,increase the service life of them,and accurately and timely maintain when faults happen on the normal condition,is the necessary subjects for maintenance engineers to solve. The paper discusses the practical methods of maintenance and management in order to increase the service life of medical equipments and save the maintenance cost.


Polyester fabric was dyed with indigo through the exhaust technique by controlling the ratios of sodium dithionite and sodium hydroxide concentrations in the dyebath solution. At different ratios different forms of the indigo existed and each one had different degrees of substantivity for the polyester. The non-ionic form such as disperse dyes, had substantivity for polyester. Polyester could best be dyed in the acidic to slightly neutral pH range. The reflection spectra showed that the absorption maximum for polyester was at 610 nm. Rubbing and washing fastness were better while light and sublimation fastness were poor.


Differences in photosynthesis and water relations during drought, and in leaf morphology, were evaluated in 1-year-old greenhouse-grown Quercusrubra L. seedlings from neighboring mesic and xeric sites in central Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Xeric seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates and stomatal conductance to water vapor than mesic seedlings during well-watered conditions. During a drought cycle, xeric seedlings maintained positive net photosynthesis at significantly lower predawn leaf water potential and relative water content. Mesic seedlings exhibited greater intrasource variation in gas exchange during drought, which may be related to reduced selection pressure for drought tolerance characteristics on the mesic site or to gene flow from the adjacent, upslope xeric site. Nonstomatal limitations to photosynthesis increased during drought and accounted for 98% of the reduction in photosynthesis as both sources approached incipient wilting. Xeric seedlings exhibited less nonstomatal inhibition of photosynth...


THP-adriamycin was administered in a dose of 5 to 20 mg, 3 times a week, and the results showed 4 cases of CR, 5 cases of PR, 3 cases of MR and 2 cases of NC with the accumulated total dose of less than 100 mg. Histological effects were slight in a total dose of less than 50 mg, while the effects appeared in a total dose of 60 to 70 mg and further effects were obtained after about 1 week of the termination of the therapy. Leukopenia occurred in 6 of 14 cases. The side effects of THP-adriamycin were milder than those of ADM.


This paper is a reply to that by Feige in this issue which criticizes the accounting classifications of Mueller and Nobes. It is suggested here that Feige's criticisms are either already expressed in more detail elsewhere or are inaccurate or both. Feige then claims to test the classifications but is really disputing the label 'uniform' for Germany. For either purpose, Feige's test based on one atypical issue using a very small sample is not appropriate. Anyway, it turns out that Mueller did not classify post-war German accounting as uniform, and Nobes uses the word differently from Feige.


This paper summarizes an experimental study on matching of long NMOS transistors and the effects of splitting-up long transistors into series of short transistors. For this purpose, a dedicated set of matched pair test structures were designed and manufactured in a 45 nm CMOS technology. This study is used to evaluate relative threshold voltage matching performance degradations that are observed for long channel devices in such technologies.


The equilibrium geometries of the propane cation in its three lowest electronic states, 2B1, 2B2 and 2A1(C2v symmetry assumed), have been calculated by the UHF method within the ab initio MO-LCAO-SCF approximation. The 2B1 state is predicted to be lowest in energy and the 2B2 and 2A1 states to be of almost the same energy, 12 kcal mol–1 above the 2B1 state. The isotropic hyperfine coupling constants have been calculated and compared with experimental data. The calculations confirm the e.s.r. identification of the 2B1 state, obtained in an SF6 matrix. The previous experimental assignment, 2B2, for the state obtained in Freon matrices was found to be ambiguous and an assignment to the 2A1 state can not be ruled out. Dipolar hyperfine coupling constants have been calculated for the 2B1, 2B2 and 2A1 states of the propane cation and for the 2A1 ground state of the cyclopropane cation. In the latter case, comparison with experimental data has been made with reasonable agreement. The equilibrium geometry agrees well with previous calculations. Complementary experimental data for the propane and cyclopropane cations are reported.


This is a long overdue book. Given the multidisciplinary nature of the field of industrial relations (IR), an overview of research methods is of great potential value to both fullfledged and embryonic researchers. Thus, despite the editors' caveats (detailed below) and their relatively modest goal (describing the range of available techniques and their limitations), I opened the book with enthusiasm. The book has six sections. This review treats each (all too briefly!) in turn. (1) Introduction. In the opening chapter, Whitfield and Strauss discuss the field's boundaries, variation in research methods within and across countries, factors influencing the choice of methods, and the choice of questions. While this chapter does not purport to answer the questions it raises, it is a good introduction to the nature and complexity of IR research. In Chapter 2, Thomas Kochan tries to define what is distinctive about IR research-noting its problem-centered orientation, multidisciplinary approach, appreciation of history, multimethod nature, and normative assumptions regarding conflict and the employment relationship. He deals with the implications of these features for research, and also speculates about future challenges. Two aspects of Kochan's conclusions and recommendations are noteworthy. First, in citing a need to invent new institutional structures to promote both efficiency and equity in the workplace, Kochan is articulating a useful direction and focus for IR research in general. Second, I see in his suggestions a call for more institutionalist approaches in IR research. (2) Research strategies and methods. This section includes chapters on qualitative research (by Richard Whipp), quantitative research (Keith Whitfield), experimental methods (Jan Bruins), case study designs (James Kitay and Ronald Callus), ethnography (Raymond Friedman and Darren McDaniel), participatory action research (William F. Whyte), large-scale national surveys (Neil Millward, Paul Marginson, and Ronald Callus), and employee attitude surveys (Jean Hartley and Julian Barling). The rationale for chapters on quantitative and qualitative research is puzzling. Too much research does not properly fall under either of those headings. The chapter on qualitative research provides, among other things, overly brief descriptions of selected qualitative methods (interviews, case studies, and ethnography), two of which are the subjects of individual chapters. Whipp views qualitative methods as particularly suitable for research on culture, power, and change (certainly true), but he says little about their application to studying typical IR outcomes or processes. Especially surprising is the lack of discussion of qualitative research in mainstream IR, a movement that has grown greatly over the past decade, particularly in studies of bargaining and the workplace. (In 1985, Peter Cappelli noted that the need for better explanations of IR phenomena was pushing the research paradigm toward more inductive and qualitative methods; "Theory Construction in IR and Some Implications for Research," Industrial Relations, Vol 24, No. 1.) Not that this chapter is without value: it effectively links paradigms of inquiry (postmodernism, for example) with qualitative techniques, and several questions Whipp addresses are highly relevant to IR researchers. I felt Whipp could have done more to focus on how research is judged in the different paradigms. Specifically, the standards used to judge qualitative research in the post-positivism paradigm (for example, reliability, validity, and generalizability) differ substantially from those in the postmodern, Marxist, feminist, and critical realist paradigms (for example, parallel criteria such as credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability, and authenticity criteria such as fairness and ontological, educative, and catalytic authenticity) (Egon G. Guba and Yvonna S. Lincoln, Fourth Generation Evaluation [Sage, 1989]). Given the author's call (with which I agree) for multi-method research, one unanswered


Optical Components of spectrophotovoltaic system concentrate light from Sun and redirect short-wavelength portion of spectrum to solar cell having large gap in energy band (gallium arsenide cell). Longer-wavelength portion of spectrum passes through beam splitter to cell with smaller gap in energy band (silicon band). Available energy in Sunlight thus exploited more fully and, improvements in energy-conversion efficiency possible.


The advent of wireless LANs is a milestone in networking. The use of wireless LANs not only made data transferring or networking easy but also has increased the security threats. However, security is an alarming concern, as everything being transmitted through network where number of systems or devices are connected. Here the data or information is available "in the air". Our work focuses on using existing protocols, standards, tools and technologies to implement security for wireless LAN. However, Security in a network needs to be implemented at multiple levels. Like SSID security, MAC address filtering, encryption and RADIUS based authentication of wireless clients. But our work mainly concentrates on MAC Address filtering, because MAC Address is unique 48 bit Address given by the vendor to


Deformed cross-bedding is reported from quartzite interbands of the Hindoli Group occurring around Badi Sadri in southeast Rajasthan and is interpreted to be related to the palaeoseismic shocks that might have occurred during its sedimentational history.


Provided is a capillary flow underfill sealing material that holds up well in reliability tests, is highly permeable both in room-temperature air (25°C) and 120°C air, and is an epoxy resin composite that fulfills each of the following conditions: linear expansion coefficient when cured (α1) of 60 ppm/°C or less; glass transition point at least 120°C; storage elastic modulus at 25°C of 3.0 GPa or less; and permeability at 120°C of at least 30 mm.


Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been rapidly developed, which exhibit a comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) to silicon solar cells. However, stability performance of the PSCs needs to be further...


hope but not much more: hard times are upon us. Very few writers, even at the end of the 1970s, envisaged a recession of such menace as imminent today. The more far-seeing manager ought to be looking over the shoulders of such thinkers and researchers, scanning the environment as keenly as anyone. It is a sad fact that the average British manager reads less than his European counterpart. Academic jargon, no doubt, is a barrier. Both the publications on employment policy noted above do not offer such a hurdle. Nor does the "Futures For Work". The ILO study begins to get a little more technical, and the IR text is clearly designed for teachers, students and researchers. Nonetheless, there is much to be said for making the effort. Pre-digested accounts do not always tell the whole story: la verite, c'est la nuance! The search for new organisational alternatives for the future patterns of work and employment is the biggest challenge facing us in the coming decade, as the books reviewed here suggest. Are the Bristol (or Miami) riots signals we can ignore? If race, or religion (pace Ulster) are the triggers, what is the explosive substance? Expectations have risen inexorably since the war; education has spurred them on, propped up by a more or less Keynsian economic scaffold ing. Can these expectations realistically be constrained? As Sam Brittan notes: "In the UK the chances of such real wage moderation were destroyed by the incompetence of the last phase of the Labour Government and the first phase of the Conservative one. In the US the explanation of the severe dip lies not with wages but with the swings of monetary and fiscal policy from the inflationary excesses of the early Carter period to the extreme squeeze of the past few months the latter excesses being necessitilted by the former" (op. cit.). A "high unemployment" Budget, with the attendant deflation, may (or may not) act as a disciplining factor. But, if so, for how long? Can expectations be permanently depressed? Is this a constructive state of affairs? Are other less deflating policies feasible? Or can they be channelled into new organisational forms. Otherwise, we are in for a decade of violence and upheaval. It is indeed doubtful if modern youth will put up with Robinson Crusoe's "daily circulation of sorrow, living but to work, and working but to live", if in fact he can find a job at all!


One of the major requirements for e-science applications handling sensor data, is reproducibility of results. Several optimization and scalability problems exist where the reproducibility of results remains guaranteed. Firstly, various data streams need to be coordinated to optimize the accuracy and processing of the results. Secondly, because of the high volume of streaming data and a series of processing steps to be performed on that data, demand for disk space may grow unacceptably high. Lastly, reproducibility in a decentralized scenario may be difficult to achieve because of data replication. This paper introduces and addresses these challenges which arise for optimizing the process of achieving reproducibility of results.


The basis of the conceptual position of the scientist in the transformation of the culture of writing into the heritage of the nation was, firstly, a deep knowledge of the rich oral literature, folklore heritage; secondly, a clear awareness of the linguistic identity and intransigence of the Kazakh people who inhabited the boundless Great Steppe. Therefore, in terms of continuity in relation to the teachings of Akhmet Baitursynuly, one of the urgent issues is to give it a national character through a radical reform of the Kazakh script.


With the emergence of graphene, the first two-dimensional (2D) material, many other 2D materials have been discovered and examined for novel applications. Various synthesis approaches have been emp...


LKH scheme is a centralized multicast key management scheme and it lightens the burden of the sever and group members efficiently,but it doesn't present the process of initialization clearly.In this paper,we propose the initialization of the tree using the DH algorithm in order to lessen the encryption cost and the number of messages and we analyse the join and eviction process of the LKH techniques,the number of the keys that the sever and the group members keep,the number of unicast and broadcast message,and we implement the process of tree update of the sever using algorithm when group members join or leave.


Results: TGF-b1 was significantly higher in vegetarian mothers compared with non-vegetarian mothers (p = 0.044). Additionally, the mean value of breast milk TGF-b1 was significantly higher in mothers using contraceptive pills compared with those who do not (p = 0.021). Also, the mean value of TGF-b1 was significantly higher in infants 3–6 months than those <3 months (p = 0.010); also there was a significant difference regarding infants' weight and length with average weight and length (p = 0.042) and (p = 0.009), respectively.