The article examines the dependence of the development of the global agricultural system against climate change of the planet. It is argued that agricultural production in the period beyond 2015 is playing an increasingly prominent role, and it will increase in future. The current vulnerability of climate system largely depends on a delicate balance between greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities, a policy aimed at mitigating these harmful effects and the natural dynamics of the functioning of terrestrial and ocean systems. This, in turn, depends on the number of sources of greenhouse gases that affect climate. Unprecedented climate change seriously threatens agricultural production and food security. It is therefore essential the further development of new areas of science, including a reliable methodology for monitoring greenhouse gases, advanced modeling tools, collection and aggregation of big data. Despite the good preconditions for the development of the food sector, the risk of impacts of climate change on natural ecosystems remains high, even under favorable temperature conditions. Thus, solutions must be found in the change of our paradigms. We must change the attitude towards agriculture as a separate component of the food system. Agriculture should be an important element in mitigating the effects of climate change and adaptive strategies. The author argues that Russia is a promising candidate among the boreal regions. Russia is able to take advantage of the situation and to turn from an importer of agricultural products into solid world exporter of food. The article presents several factors that can become the basis for a new agricultural and food strategy of Russia. But to fully take advantage of such capabilities it is required significant transformation. Taking into account some changes in the agricultural sector, the author provides recommendations that could enhance the role of the Russian Federation on the agrofood world markets.


The subtitle for this work is The Jesus of John and is the fourth of a series by Harrington on the Gospels (Matthew: Sage Theologian, Mark: Realistic Theologian, and Luke: Gracious Theologian). Harrington, an Irish Dominican, has written a refreshing, introductory commentary that seeks to bring scriptural scholarship to the non-specialist. This series is specifically aimed at pastors, teachers, and those studying scripture for the first time, and Jnhn: Spiritual Theologian meets this stated objective very well. Many of the chapters end with a helpful overview, and there


We are writing this editorial as Gordon Brown takes on the role of the Prime Minister in the UK. Most political commentators believe that Brown will be more in tune with traditional Labour Party values than his predecessor Tony Blair who oversaw the modernisation agenda of social work. Clearly more needs to be done to improve social work services in the UK and to ensure that practitioners, service users, managers and policy makers are given greater opportunity to develop a practice that is critically progressive and reflective. We look forward to reviewing whether the Prime Minister and his newly formed cabinet have achieved these goals in a year's time. The first paper in this issue considers the important area of concern as to how disabled people have been, and continue to be, discriminated against. The authors Helen Meekosha and Leanne Dowse, who are based at the University of New South Wales in Australia, argue that social workers can play a critical role in improving the lives of disabled people. However, many disabled activists and scholars remain concerned that the desire of disabled people to be satisfactorily integrated into the wider community has not been sufficiently addressed. Meekosha and Dowse outline how the medical model of disability still appears to dominate social workers' thinking; this is despite some welcome progress in understanding the needs of disabled people from a social perspective. Using Australia as a case study, the authors provide what they consider is a preliminary exploration of how an understanding of disability as a social relationship and the complex discourses of exclusion and inclusion are currently integrated into social work education and practice. Meekosha and Dowse believe full citizenship for disabled people remains a distant dream. Social workers have therefore to decide if and how they can work with disabled people to help realise this dream or 'remain within the confines of managerialist practices and discourses and within outmoded approaches to conceptualising and responding to disability'. Whilst the following papers all consider a different aspect of social work practice with older people they contain themes and draw out implications that are transferable to other areas of practice. Janet Leece will be familiar to many readers for her publications on direct payments and in this paper she explores some important challenges for the PRACTICE VOLUME 19 NUMBER 3 (SEPTEMBER 2007)


Spacecraft attitude estimation of from vector observations is a nonlinear problem in essence.The cubature Kalman filter(CKF) is combined with an iterative Levenberg-Marquardt(LM) algorithm in order to improve the accuracy of spacecraft attitude estimation.By fusing the improved CKF and quaternion,cubature quaternion estimator(CQE) never encounter singularity.Furthermore,cubature modified Rodrigues parameters estimator(CME) is derived by switching the modified Rodrigues parameters to the shadow modified Rodrigues parameters.Simulations demonstrate that the performance of the improved CME is more robust with faster convergence in conditions of large initial errors than the original CKF.


The industry providing support for oil and gas operations is an important part of the history and economy of Elk, Forest, McKean, and Warren counties in Pennsylvania. The industry creates jobs and compensation for workers throughout these counties and influences tax revenues in the counties.


Semiconductor circuit board manufacturing method thereof, and a package for a semiconductor package is disclosed having the same. If the circuit for a semiconductor package substrate comprises a first surface and the first surface and the opposite second surface of insulating body, formed by curing the flowable insulating material a first conductivity having a second conductive surface opposite to the first conductive surface, and has a side surface connecting the first and second conductive surface, the second conductive surface and the side of the insulating the first and disposed in the insulating body on a first surface of the first conductive surface of the body is the insulating body a circuit pattern to be exposed to the outside and comprises a recognition pattern disposed on the second surface.


The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the validity of the anisotropic creep model proposed in the prior report through comparison with experimental results. A comparison with the well-known anisotropic creep models proposed by Murakami-Ohno and Mroz-Trampczynski-Hayhurst is also made; we discuss the structural similarities and/or differences and the predictive capability of these anisotropic creep models. The proposed creep model has a framework of unified constitutive models and assumes an auxiliary hardening rule for creep analyses. The auxiliary rule is characterized by the concept of material memory surface in which the isotropic hardening is suppressed and at the same time the rate of anisotropic hardening is increased by the amount by which the isotropic hardening rate is reduced. The comparison with the experimental results shows an acceptable accuracy of the proposed model. With other creep models, the present model has a comparable accuracy.


consisering the fracture problem of main journal bridge support during prototype strength check test, special studies were carried out on fracture section, loading state and material quality of failure position by means of photoelastic test, FE calculation, smutting test of parts etc.. The analysis on influence of machining and relevant components on fracture was performed for finding out cause of fracture. Some improving measures were offered.


The paper aims to suggest a model of human capital management in the frame of the knowledge assets management and correlated to the organizational performance. The paper proposes to insert the system of human capital management into the knowledge management architecture. The inputs of the human capital management (education, training on the job, job experience and continual learning) are generating specific outputs (current jobs, training needs and expertise) through acquiring, sharing, creating, developing and using knowledge.These processes are specific to the knowledge assets management.


Abstract Upon sodium cyanoborohydride reduction followed by de-O-silylation, the O-methyloxime and N-benzylnitrone of 5′-TBDMS-3′-ketothymidine gave resolvable epimeric mixtures of 1-[2,3-dideoxy-3-(N-methoxyamino)-β-d-threo-and β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl]thymine and 1-[3-(N-benzyl-N-hydroxyamino)-2,3-dideoxy-β-d-threo- and β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl]thymine respectively. These compounds were inactive against HIV. On the other hand, 1-[2,3-dideoxy-3-(N-hydroxyamino)-5-O-TBDMS-β-d-threo-pentofuranosyl]thymine, upon treatment with acetone, then de-O-silylation, gave the bicyclonucleoside analogue 15, slightly more active against HIV in vitro than DDI.


Abstract A new species of oribatid mite of the genus Pseudotocepheus (Oribatida, Otocepheidae) is described from Sphagnum-mosses on swamps in the vicinity of Punta Arenas of Chile. Pseudotocepheus puntaarenasensis sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to P. sexdentatus (Trägårdh, 1931), however, it differs from the latter by the smaller body size, parallel costulae basally, interlamellar setae distanced from costulae and similar length of rostral and lamellar setae. The taxonomic status of the genus Constrictocepheus Grobler, 1998 is discussed; it is considered as a junior synonym of Pseudotocepheus. The initial systematic placement of eight species of Pseudotocepheus, which has been combined with Constrictocepheus, is supported. An identification key to all known species of Pseudotocepheus from the Neotropical region is given.


specimens were identified from DIC-based strain measurement and compared with the results derived from crosshead displacement. It is found that the applied DIC method can more precisely characterize the mechanical behaviors of foil materials at small size scale. Fracture surface of foil specimens were also characterized. The material microstructures are found have predominant effect on tensile behaviors of foil materials.


The utility model discloses a device for preventing sands from getting out of a high-speed filter. The device comprises a cylinder, a water inlet and outlet pipe is vertically arranged in the cylinder, a water collection tank is arranged at the upper end of the water inlet and outlet pipe, and a mesh for preventing the sands from getting out is arranged on the upper side of the water collection tank and is horizontally arranged in the cylinder. The device for preventing sands from getting out of the high-speed filter, disclosed by the utility model, is simple in structure and can effectively prevent sands from getting out of a filter layer.


The nutational stability of a dual-spin satellite under the influence of an applied reaction torque is analyzed. It is assumed that since the solar paddle attachments to the hub of the spacecraft are not rigidly locked, the effect of the solar panels can be replaced by a constant reaction torque acting on the hub of the spacecraft. This could result in the satellite having an equilibrium motion about an axis displaced from the nominal axis of symmetry. The variational equations of motion are developed about such an equilibrium position using the SAS-A spacecraft as a model. Energy dissipation on the rotor as well as the main body is included. This nonautonomous set of differential equations are linearized and transformed to an autonomous set using the Lyapunov Reducibility Theorem. The stability of the kinematically similar system is examined numerically using representative SAS-A parameters for the case when either pair of solar panels is assumed to be loosely attached. Stability is verified for small system nutation angles (0.1 degree) although the time constant associated with the least damped mode is approximately one order of magnitude larger than that for the SAS-A system without the influence of the reaction torques.


A novel method of shape estimation from stereo images is presented, which is based on geometrical relations targeting small objects. Each of left and right images consists of a number of images obtained with different focusing distances, taking a limited depth of focus into account. In the absence of enough textures, the object is made to have artificial textures, for example, by putting carbon powders on its surface. Shapes were experimentally obtained for an object of size 8.2 × 4.5 × 3.5 mm3 to show the procedure and to examine the method. The method may be useful to observe shapes for small objects.


An algebraic theory is presented for differential equations with operator sheaf of elliptic type (in particular, with rational sheaf of operators); this theory includes local conservation laws, Backlund-Darboux transformations, and algebro-geometric (e.g., multisoliton) solutions. Bibliography: 27 titles.


NOVITA AYIN HAMIZZAH. The Influence of Company Size and Solvency Of
The Timeliness Audited Financial Statements at Manufacturing Companies
Listed on IDX in Period 2011-2013.Thesis. Jakarta. Concentration of Accounting
Education. Study Program of Economic Education. Department of Economic and
Administration.Faculty of Economic.State University of Jakarta. 2015.
Some partiers have stated that the performance of a company can be seen from
how timely these companies deliver and publish financial statements that have
been audited to the OJK. When viewed from the side of investors and
shareholders, timeliness of reporting it certainly can be an important
consideration in making decisions in the future. The factors affecting the
timeliness of financial statement is extremely diverse. These factors include:
profitability, firm size, the size of the public accounting firm, solvency, age of
company and audit. The aim of this research is to find whether there is any effect
of firm size and solvency of the timeliness (timeliness) submission of financial
statements in the company listed on the Stock Exchange during the period of data
collection using techniques 2011-2013. Technique documentation with secondary
data and double analytical methods used. The population of regression analysis in
this study are all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange totaling 142
companies. Population inaccessibility is manufacturing companies listed in
Indonesia Stock Exchange are selected by various criteria that amounted to 77
companies .Teknik sampling is purposive sampling that is numbered 61
companies. Data size companies, solvency and timeliness (timeliness) is taken
from the financial statements of 2011-2013. This study also uses the classical
assumption and hypothesis testing to determine the effect of firm size (total sales),
solvency (DAR) and timeliness (timeliness) submission of financial statements
(Delay timeliness). Test requirements analysis done is to find a regression
equation that generates Y = 69,089 + (-0,099) X1 + 17,012X2. Based on the
results of hypothesis testing is known that the distribution of data normal. The
result of multiple regression analysis showed: (i) there is no significant negative
effect of firm size on timeliness submission of financial statements, (ii) there is a
significant positive effect between the solvency of the timeliness submission of
financial statements, (iii) there is a significant effect of firm size and solvency
together the timeliness submission of financial statements. This assumption
supports the theory advanced by Cotter. The implications of this study explains
that the size of the company and solvency can be used as a basis for consideration
in view of timeliness submission of financial statements of a company.


S imulation is well recognized for its affordances for collecting important assessment information. In this issue of the Journal of Graduate Medical Education, Andler and colleagues present validity evidence for leveraging the simulation context to provide assessment data for entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Unfortunately, they found their validity argument hampered by an unexpected finding: despite good interrater reliability for entrustmentbased simulation assessment ratings and fair interrater reliability for similar entrustment-based clinical practice ratings, there were no correlations between them. The authors ponder possible explanations for this troublesome finding and suggest that since there was only ''fair agreement at best'' for some of the behaviors, rater variability might be an explanation for the lack of correlations. The havoc that rater variability has inflicted on reliability measures has spurred several of us to study its sources. Aspects not directly related to the rating scale, such as the context in which assessments take place and variations in rater interpretations and judgments, have been identified as contributors to rater variability. Thus, I am not surprised to see rater variability when an entrustment scale is used. In fact, as evidence of rater variability continues to accumulate along with increasing recognition of the ''plurality of interpretations,'' we may be reaching a point where rater variability can no longer be framed as an unexpected finding. Yet, this raises a conundrum for the assessment field. Accepting rater variability as the status quo would complicate plans for collecting and interpreting validity evidence. How can we demonstrate a relationship to other variables without reliability? In part, the simulation context might offer a solution to this by providing a stable context where raters can be standardized and, themselves, judged. Almost 2 decades ago, medical educators were directed to techniques that optimize interrater reliability—figure skating judging. Although it is not free from bias, figure skating judging has design features that support rater agreement and interrater reliability. First, judges are trained and monitored so that those who share consensus are invited to continue judging and outlier judges are not. Second, the assessed performance lasts only a few minutes with a specified number of predictable elements that can be performed in a limited number of ways, with each variation assigned a corresponding score. Third, the assessment task is the judge's only task where they directly observe a series of similar performances. They assign ratings immediately after each assessment, and then note how their ratings compare with those of other judges. These design features are incompatible with almost every aspect of workplace-based assessment; however, the simulation context does offer similar affordances. Yet, I wonder how the design features that aim to minimize all types of unwanted variability would align with the very notion of entrustment-based assessment? Entrustment, entrustability, and level of supervision scales promised to better mimic the judgments and decisions supervisors make in the workplace. The construct of entrustment resonated with the essence of supervision. It offered to systematically track subjective expert judgments of overall performance to complement the competence judgments based on observed behaviors that were already being collected and analyzed. I was excited about using entrustment as the basis for workplace-based assessment because it had the potential to capture indescribable and nuanced aspects of being a physician that resisted measurement. I am not an expert in simulation so I will pose the question to those who are: How well does entrustment align with what raters are doing, thinking, and feeling during simulation? It is not a straightforward question and leads to other difficult questions. What does it mean to entrust in simulation and how does it compare to entrusting in the workplace? For example, is the construct of entrustment most aligned when the rater is exposed to the competing priorities of patient safety, learner autonomy, clinical care, teaching obligations, service efficiency, and learner welfare? In other words, must the rater be simultaneously engaged with supervising the trainee for the construct of entrustment to be sufficiently aligned? If so, which forms of simulation offer that context for raters? In proposing that entrustment can be used as the basis for assessment in simulation, the latest research of Andler and colleagues offers the opportunity to contemplate the ideal constructs for simulation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-20-00163.1


Using the finite element analysis method,the finite element model based on the electric car body structure was established,its static characteristics were analyzed in condition of the bending and torsion,then its frame structure overall performance has been comprehensively evaluated.The optimization measures with electric car body structure were proposed based on the results.


The concentration of heavy metals(Cu,Cr,Pb,Zn and Ni)and the concentration capacity of plant leaves to these metals from 11 species of greening tree species in Wuyishan city were studied to figure out the arbor species with strong concentration capacity to heavy metals.The results showed that the individual Potential Ecological Risk Factor Eri of 5kinds of heavy metals was described as follows:Pb CrCuNi Zn.These heavy metals in roadside soils of Wuyishan city belonged to a light potential ecological risk.The concentrations of Cu,Cr,Pb,Zn and Ni in the same tree species have larger difference.The accumulation amounts of the same element in different tree species had certain difference.The accumulation amounts of Cinnamomumto Pb,Ni and Zn,Koelreuteriato Pb,Cr and Cu,Micheliato Pb and Cu,Osmanthus to Cr and Cu were relatively larger.The enrichment capability of heavy metals in most of the tree species was CuZnCrNiPb.The enrichment capability of Cinnamomumto Pb and Ni,Micheliato Pb and Cu,Koelreuteriato Cr and Cu,Osmanthus to Cr were relatively stronger.The potential ecological risk of Pb and Cr behaves stronger in roadside pavement soil of Wuyishan city.Cinnamomum,Koelreuteria,Osmanthus and Michelia were ideal greening tree species for phytoextraction from polluted soil in Wuyishan city.


Inertial navigation system (INS) is widely used as inclinometer in coal drilling rig to realize navigation and attitude measurement. Vibration of coal drilling rig is one of the significant issues impacting the performance of alignment. Previous work has indicated that part of alignment error caused by vibration of gyroscope can be suppressed by inertial alignment frame. However, vibration error of accelerometer cannot be well suppressed. In this paper, an inertial alignment based on improved empirical mode decomposition (EMD) filter is proposed to address vibration issue in alignment. Moreover, a prediction strategy of extreme endpoints based on relativity of extreme points is proposed to reduce the endpoint error to suppress the accumulative error in EMD filter. The proposed alignment method is applied in laboratory condition. The result shows that the stability of accelerometer improves 42.43% at most, the alignment time reduce from 300 to 100 s and the alignment error of inclination angle is less than 5.4 arcmin. The experiment in coal mining rig shows the alignment time reduces from 300 to 50 s. The proposed alignment method improves the performance of inclinometer effectively and feasibly in alignment period and the improved EMD filter can be also applied in navigation period to suppress the vibration error of accelerometer.


Since the description of the genus Cheguevaria as incertae sedis (Lampyridae), the placement of these beetles has been uncertain. This study is the first to address the placement of this genus based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis. We used three genes (18S rRNA, rrnl mitochondrial DNA and cox1 mitochondrial DNA) and a maximum likelihood approach with W-IQ-TREE to support Cheguevaria as a member of the Lampyridae and recognize it as the sole genus in the new subfamily Cheguevariinae stat. nov.


The present study has been conducted to analyze district wise domestic and foreign tourist arrivals and the variations of tourist based on the elevation of the districts. The study is based on the secondary data, number of tourist arrivals has been collected from the State Department of Tourism and the elevation data has been prepared based on the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission images.


The uprising alternately called EDSA Revolution or People Power Revolution or EDSA People Power Revolt, which led to the downfall of Filipino dictator Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, supposedly ushered in the formal restoration of civil freedoms that had been snatched away by Marcos' martial law. In the aftermath of the uprising, formal democratic institutions and civil rights were returned, including the right to free elections and the right to peaceful assembly. But as this article seeks to show, the administrations after EDSA have been marred by the neglect of workers' welfare and the failure to address old labor concerns such as inadequate wages, job precarity, and contractualization. Given the shortage of employment opportunities in the Philippines, the administrations after EDSA have also promoted migration as its de facto job-generating mechanism. But the export of human resources is not without its ugly consequences, such as making overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) susceptible to abuse and exploitation. Deploying the notion of counter-history and using various materials from both government and non-government organizations, this article undertakes to critically assess the labor conditions during the historical period after the fabled EDSA People Power Revolt, and concludes that no notable changes have taken place.


This current study proposes to analyse the possible relationship which exists between externalizing problem behaviour in children reported by parents through the BASC (Behaviour Assessment System for Children), and the parenting style according to the PCRI (Parent-Child Relationship Inventory) composed of seven factors such as support, satisfaction with parenting, involvement, communication, limit setting, autonomy granting, and role orientation, in a sample of 278 children (152 male & 126 female) between 3 and 14 years old. The results show the existence of a significant relationship between exter nalizing problem behaviour in children and the majority of the parenting factors. Furthermore, a model is established which is able to predict 30,7% of the variance with respect to externalizing problem behaviour in children, made up by limit setting from both parents, communication and role orientation from the fathers, and support from the mothers. Finally, the utility of results to raise intervention strategies within the family based on limit setting is discussed.


Abstract We report the effect of electric frequency on deformation threshold in the bend Freedericksz geometry in the presence of a stabilizing magnetic field applied normal to the plates with the destabilizing electric field impressed parallel to the sample. In general, the observed threshold and deformation above it are strongly dependent on frequency and magnetic strength associated with a pretransitional field-induced biaxiality. The periodic deformation observed under a strong magnetic field has wavevector along the electric field at low frequencies. Above a cut-off frequency, the direction of the wavevector becomes normal to the electric field. Hysterisis is present between increase and decrease of voltage. At dc or low frequency excitation, there is clear evidence of hydrodynamic flow which can become turbulent for some values of parameters.


Different studies focused on the Vrancea subcrustal source of earthquakes pointed out the strong lateral inhomogeneous distribution of the seismic radiation. This implies characteristic macroseismic distributions, extremely elongated along NE-SW direction, and sharply restraint toward NW and SE. The fault plane solutions of most Vrancea earthquakes indicate a nearly pure thrust mechanism with the B-axis striking NE, which is typical for the strongest events. We analyze the influence of focal mechanism radiation on the ground motion parameters in Bucharest area. The analysis of a recent set of intermediate depth earthquakes with Mw > 4.5, for which the focal mechanism have been computed, show the significant role played by the variation of these parameters in respect to the seismic motion recorded. These parameters might be as important as the site effects in establishing the local seismic hazard for the Bucharest City. The role of the focal mechanism of the earthquakes and of the depth at which the earthquakes occur determine the path on which seismic waves are propagating to the surface. A significant role is played by the variation of the lithosphere structure between the depth of earthquakes and the surface, for the seismic motion recorded in the Bucharest area.


Indications that residual urine determination is necessary can often be discovered, after careful history taking, by assessing the appearance of a patient's bladder, percussing it, and feeling it. If examination does not provide sufficient information in patients with suggestive histories, catheterization may be indicated. Indirect means of residual urine determination include x-rays, the phenolsulfonphthalein excretion test, and cineradiograms.


The gas phase reaction of OH radicals with hydrogen iodide (HI) has been studied using a Laser Photolysis-Resonance Fluorescence (LP-RF) apparatus, recently developed in our group. The measured rate constant at 298 K was (2.7 ± 0.2) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. This rate constant is compared with the ones of the reactions OH + HCl and OH + HBr. The role of the reaction OH + HI in marine tropospheric chemistry is discussed.

In addition, the LP-RF apparatus was tested and validated by measuring the following rate constants (in cm3 molecule−1 s−1 units): (OH + HNO3) = (1.31 ± 0.06) × 10−13 at p = 27 and 50 Torr of argon and (OH + C3H8) = (1.22 ± 0.08) × 10−12. These rate constants are in very good agreement with the literature data.


The creation of 'open marketing system' which can help a modern and active enterprise to respond dynamically to market changes is suggested. Open Source taken as a basis is a new marketing mix to supply and implement an innovative product or service.


Several features of the translational attenuation model of ermC regulation were tested. This model predicts two possible secondary structures for the leader of the ermC transcript and requires that the leader contains two Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequences. The ribosome binding site for a leader peptide (SD1) is predicted to be accessible, whereas that for the rRNA methylase protein that confers erythromycin (Em) resistance (SD2) is sequestered by base pairing. The model suggests that in the presence of inducer (Em), a ribosome stalls while translating the peptide, altering the mRNA conformation, thereby exposing SD2. The results of our ribosome binding studies demonstrate that SD1 is exposed and binds to ribosomes, whereas SD2 is unavailable. Also, the secondary structure of the 5' region of the ermC transcript was analyzed using methidium propyl-EDTA-Fe(II), Tl nuclease, and nucleases from cobra venom and mung bean sprouts as structure probes. Our results support the previously proposed model for folding of ermC mRNA, and demonstrate that SD1 is singlestranded, while SD2 and i t s neighboring sequences are largely base paired, consistent with the ribosome-binding results. INTRODUCTION Macrol1de-lincosamide-streptogram1n B (MLS) antibiotics bind to the large ribosomal subunit and Inhib i t protein synthesis (1). ermC confers resistance to these ant ib iot ics, and specifies a 29,000 Daiton rRNA methylase (2, 3). erroC was discovered on the Staphyiococcus aureus plasmid pEl94 (3a), which was subsequently Introduced by transformation Into Bacillus subti l 1s (4). The rRNA methylase dimethylates a specific adenine residue in 23 S rRNA, result ing in ribosomes with lowered a f f i n i t y for the MLS antibiotics (4, 5). Other MLSresistance determinants had previously been shown to act 1n this way (6,7,8). In the presence of erythromycin (Em) at sub1nh1b1tory concentrations, ermC expression and consequently resistance are induced (2,3,4). Induction of ermC methylase production 1s posttranscriptionally controlled (5). A model has been proposed to explain how an inhib i tor of protein synthesis can induce the synthesis of a protein. The proposed mechanism has been termed translational attenuation (9, 10). © IR L Pre» Limited, Oxford, England. 7 3 0 7 Nucleic Acids Research Sequence analysis of errnC indicated the presence of a 140 base leader sequence between the promoter and the i n i t i a t i o n codon for the methylase (9, 10). The 5' region of the t ranscr ipt contains two regions rich in G residues which resemble ribosome binding s i te sequences (referred to as Shine-Dalgarno sequences [SD] (11)): a GGAGG at posit ion 10 (SDl).and a GAGGG at position 131 (SD2). These sequences exhibit substantial complementarity to the 3' end of 16 S rRNA from B̂. subt iHs. Following SD1 1s an open reading frame suf f i c ien t to encode a 19 amino acid peptide. The 5' region of ermC mRNA is predicted to assume one or both of two possible secondary structures (Fig. 1) with the following features: SD2 1s pa r t i a l l y base paired, the In i t i a t i on codon for the methylase is completely sequestered, and the ribosome binding s i te for the putative leader peptide is in a single-stranded configuration. The translat ional attenuation model postulates that during induction an Em-bound r ibosome s ta l l s near the C terminus of the leader peptide, thereby unmasking the ribosome binding s i te for methylase protein. Translation of the methylase protein would now be In i t ia ted by an Em-free, or already methylated, ribosome. Both postulated structures shown 1n Fig. 1 are compatible with th is model. Unmasking of the ribosome binding s i te for methylase synthesis would occur d i rect ly in structure C and by a spontaneous refolding process 1n structure B. Structure C 1s predicted thermodynamically to be more stable than B at equil ibr ium. Analyses of deletion, subst i tut ion and duplication mutants support the translat ional attenuation model (14, 15, 16). However, several i n i t i a l predictions of the model have remained untested. These include the secondary structure of the ermC transcript leader region that was predicted from the primary sequence, as well as the accessib i l i ty of SD1 and the unavai labi l i ty of SD2 for ribosome binding. We have analyzed the Interaction of Hbosomes with the leader region of the ermC t ranscr ip t and we have probed the structure of the transcript. Our results provide further support for the model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials. Ribonucleoside triphosphates were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. L col l RNA polymerase holoenzyme and cobra venom Hbonuclease (CVR) were generous g i f t s of J.S. Krakow (Hunter College, New York), and J. N. Vournakis (Syracuse, N.Y.), respectively. Methid1umpropyl-EDTA (MPE) was a generous g i f t of P. Dervan (Cal i fornia Ins t i tu te of Technology). LVP]ATP (5,000 C1/mmol) was from Amersham. [ctP]ATP (25 C1/mmol) was from ICN. Calf In test inal alkal ine phosphatase (CIAP), T4 polynucleotide kinase, and Tl


According to Haraway (1991), all epistemologies and ontologies-including their negations – 'erase' or 'police' difference. Granted the validity of the previous assertion, it remains questionable whether axio-teleological orientation to difference, regardless of whether such orientation is destructive or conservative, or even difference as such can function as the ultimate ontological or/and epistemological ground of terms featuring in distinctions or dualities. This is because, contrary to Derrida, to the extent that there is difference-or différance (that is, endless differing and deferring)-there is a need for further grounding, specifically, the grounding of difference in Being. Appreciating this existential fact is critical since, as will be shown, it is decisive for resolving the debate on the ontological and epistemological status of artificials, that is, artifactual (or constructed) analogues of natural phenomena. Previous investigations of the difference between naturals and artificials have almost invariably focused on the nature of the mimetic (or reproductive) correspondence relation between the two classes of phenomena regarded as conceptual constructs (for example, 'nature' and 'culture') under some general ontological-epistemological framework such as functionalism (Shanken 1998). Granted that such approaches play an important role in clarifying the nature of techno-science/techno-culture, it remains the case that their social-constructivist bias almost inevitably leads to problematic assertions such as the following: Either (a) the ontological status of the natural-artificial distinction is necessarily undecidable, a consequence of epistemological relativism, or (b) it is decidable-the distinction is a techno-cultural artifact-and only because ontology recapitulates technology. Both claims are contestable: the former because it commits the epistemic fallacy by assuming that epistemological relativism entails ontological relativism; and the latter because in decisively classifying the distinction as artificial (that is, artifactual or non-essential), the very essentialist distinction that such a classification was supposed to call into question is invoked, thereby engendering a paradox. Although the existence of paradox and incommensurability is regarded as an existential reality (sic) under postmodernism, it is interesting, possibly even imperative (on methodological grounds), to consider alternative approaches which do not engender paradox, at least not at the very outset. In this connection, Negrotti's (1999) 'Theory of the Artificial' is highly significant. On his view, " an artificial object is an object, built by humans with materials and procedures different from those naturally occurring, that reproduces the essential performance of an exemplar based on a more or less shared representation from a certain observation level ". The strength of this conception lies in …


A comparison of the psychological characteristics of entrepreneurship students with others in the general student body. Analysis of the results of two psychological and one risk-taking tests, administered to 401 students, showed the entrepreneurship students scores differed significantly from other students in those characteristics normally associated with successful entrepreneurs.


SUBTITLE: SOME FLEET MANAGERS ARE BUYING USED VEHICLES BECAUSE THEY ARE LESS EXPENSIVE, ARE DELIVERED MORE QUICKLY, AND HOLD THEIR OWN IN RESALE VALUE IF PROPER PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE IS FOLLOWED.


By questionnaire method and statistical method, physical education teacher burnout is surveyed. The research objects are selected from ten middle schools of Fuyang city, such as the attached middle school of Fuyang Normal Institute, the red flag middle school and the suburb middle school, the No.3 middle school, etc. The results show that the majority physical education teachers are emerging pre-employment psychological symptoms of burnout, and a small number of physical education teachers exhibited psychological burnout. The reasons of produced burnout are that their professional status being not respected, career prospects looked not good, the environment is poor and pay never returns, and so on.


A few examples are given of the application of automatic preparative-scale gas chromatography for separation of products or intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. The technique is shown to give a large saving in time, labour and starting materials.


Background. The language issue in Ukraine is very important because bilingualism is a widespread phenomenon in our country. The use of the Ukrainian and Russian languages by speakers often causes language conflicts.Сontribution to the research field. These findings may help us to understand the peculiarities of the Ukrainian language situation, particularly in Kyiv and Ternopil.Purpose. The purpose of our study is to compare the bilingual practices of Kyiv and Ternopil residents.Methods. The basis of our study is the data of the All-Ukrainian population census 2001, as well as the results of the several surveys published by the sociological group "Rating" (2015) and the public organization "Space of Freedom" (2011–2021). The material of our research concludes the names of children's shops, residential complexes, centers for children early development and private kindergartens, coffee houses in Kyiv and Ternopil.Results. It is clear that Kyiv and Ternopil are different in the language aspect to a certain extent. Residents of the capital are undoubtedly bilingual, because they use the Ukrainian and Russian languages in their everyday communication. Also in Kyiv English is a popular language, the example of which is the language landscape of the city. In contrast to the language situation in Kyiv, Ternopil is а more Ukrainian-speaking city. Its residents in their daily communication, as well as in all spheres of communication, use exclusively the Ukrainian language. The Ukrainian language in Ternopil is also the most prestigious one in the names of the various institutions.Discussion. Now we can observe the new wave of Ukrainization, which is caused by the Russian war against Ukraine. So we predict that Kyiv will quickly become more Ukrainian, and the Ukrainian language will become the main language not only in the West of the country, but throughout its territory. The prospect of our study is to investigate the language situation in both cities in the post-war period.


AIM: To investigate the effect of Modified Xiaoyao pill on CYP2C19,and provide foundation for clinical drug using. METHODS: Twenty volunteers were divided into two groups according to CYP2C19*2 gene type,ten for WW gene type and ten for MM gene type.Omeprazole used as probe drug of CYP2C19,the effect of Modified Xiaoyao pill on the activity of CYP2C19 were investigated.Genetic classification was fulfilled by pyrosequencing method,and the blood concentration of probe drug and its metabolic product were determined by HPLC-MS/MS.RESULTS:The volunteers took Modified Xiaoyao pill for two weeks,AUC0-12 was used as the standard of the activity of CYP2C19.The activity value was 5.7±1.6 before drug and 6.0±1.7 after drug using.So the activity of CYP2C19 was increased after drug using,t-test was used for comparison,there was no remarkable difference between the data.CONCLUSION: Modified Xiaoyao pill has no obvious affection on the activity of CYP2C19.


This paper outlines an unconventional treatment for mental illness, the exorcism or deliverance ritual used by Pentecostals and some other charismatic Christians. Deliverance beliefs and practices are based on the assumption that both mental and physical ills result from possession of the sufferer by demons, and are to be treated by the expulsion of those demons. Deliverance practitioners claim to treat schizophrenia, ADHD, and Reactive Attachment Disorder, and believe that these problems are related to sins either of the person in treatment or of an ancestor. Clinicians and counsellors dealing with clients who partially or completely espouse deliverance beliefs may need to understand their worldviews and to discuss their belief system before managing to engage them in conventional mental health treatments. Unusual ethical problems may also be met in the course of such work.


Kernel-based learning methods provide some of the most accu r te results in many sequence analysis and prediction tasks [1, 2, 4, 6]. However, the improved accuracy is oft en achieved at the cost of high computational complexity of training and prediction. We propose a new family of the str ing-based kernel classification methods for the sequence analysis tasks that offer low computational cost and display the state-of-the-art performance. We illustrate our approach on protein remote homology classification prob lems [2, 3, 5, 7] under supervised and semi-supervised settings. In contrast to traditional string kernels, spatially-cons trained sample kernels sample the sequence features at multiple resolutions, establishing the similarity measure ac ross different scales, with potentially highly diverse mut ation/insertion/deletion process. In particular, the kern elsK(·, ·|k, t, d) have the following form


Medical imaging plays a critical role in various clinical applications. However, due to multiple considerations such as cost and risk, the acquisition of certain image modalities could be limited. To address this issue, many cross-modality medical image synthesis methods have been proposed. However, the current methods cannot well model the hard-to-synthesis regions (e.g., tumor or lesion regions). To address this issue, we propose a simple but effective strategy, that is, we propose a dual-discriminator (dual-D) adversarial learning system, in which, a global-D is used to make an overall evaluation for the synthetic image, and a local-D is proposed to densely evaluate the local regions of the synthetic image. More importantly, we build an adversarial attention mechanism which targets at better modeling hard-to-synthesize regions (e.g., tumor or lesion regions) based on the local-D. Experimental results show the robustness and accuracy of our method in synthesizing fine-grained target images from the corresponding source images. In particular, we evaluate our method on two datasets, i.e., to address the tasks of generating T2 MRI from T1 MRI for the brain tumor images and generating MRI from CT. Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods under comparison in all datasets and tasks. And the proposed difficult-region-aware attention mechanism is also proved to be able to help generate more realistic images, especially for the hard-to-synthesize regions.


Modified Flory's equation of state theory (ESO) was extended to study the thermodynamics criterion(ΔGm) of ternary polymer blends.The critical state Spinodal equation and the critical condition of ternary polymer blends were obtained.


Coronary heart disease is the principal cause of death in blacks, yet few published studies have examined the outcome of CABG procedures in this


The N and P nutrient demand of a fine species of alage , Oocystis Borgei in the high- level prawn pond, is revealed by the single factor and orthogonal experiment. The results show there occurs higher μ max when the concentrations of NO3-N and PO4-P are 11.32 mg.L-1 and 1.29 mg.L-1 respectively. μmax may batter reflect the adaptability of micro-algal populations to multiple factors and their competitive power in the prawn ponds.


ThemainbridgeofWuhan Tianxingzhou Bridge isalongspancable-stayed bridge withdouble towersandthreeinclined cable planes. Itisthelongest highway-railway combinedcable-stayed bridgein China,whichthemainspanis504m.The paper systematically recommendsan efficient windfield simulation technique forwind-induced vibration analysis oflong-span bridges. On thisbasis, the turbulent windfieldofTianxingzhou Bridgeis simulated. Thenthestatistic characteristics ofthe simulated windfield arecompared withtheir target correlation functions. A satisfactory agreement has beenreached. Thisshowsthatthesimulation theory is successful. Themainbridge ofTianxingzhou Bridge isalongspan cable-stayed bridge withdouble towers andthree inclined cableplanes as showninFig.1.Thespansare 98+196+504+196+98m. Itisthelongest highway-railway combined cable-stayed bridge inChina. Itsmaingirder is steel truss girder madeupof78segments steel truss. The length ofeverysegment steel truss is14m,theheight is 15.2m.


e19074 Background: Although several clinical and pathological characteristics of ALK-P NSCLC have been reported, to our knowledge, only one report regarding CT findings of resected early stage ALK-P NSCLC have been published (Fukui T et al. Lung Cancer 2012). They concluded resected ALK-P tumors exhibited a solid pattern without ground glass opacities (GGO). However, there is no report regarding CT image characteristics of advanced stage ALK-P NSCLC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed CT image findings of 20 patients with advanced ALK-P NSCLC and 32 patients with ALK-negative (ALK-N) NSCLC between November 2010 and January 2013 at Shizuoka Cancer Center in Japan. Primary lesion (PL) was classified into three types: GGO (Type G), focal GGO with solid central components (Type GS), solid nodules without GGO (Type S). Results: Characteristics of patients with ALK-P (N=20)/ ALK-N (N=32) were: 7 /17 males and 13/15 females, median age ;51/63 years, non-smokers 13/8 and smokers 7/24, adenocarcinoma;19/32, stag...


In this article, we present a novel structural health monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network for GNSS (global navigation satellite system) receivers. The GNSS network presented here consists of three GNSS rover stations and one base station that are deployed at the Neckartal bridge on the Autobahn A81 in southwest Germany. The newly-developed GNSS sensor nodes support satellite data logging up to a sampling rate of 20 Hz. Due to the ultra-low-power consumption achieved by the wake-up receiver during inactive periods, the nodes offer a lifetime from 20 to almost 200 days, without energy harvesting and depending on the satellite data logging period. By performing differential post-processing, precise positioning information in the millimeter range could be achieved. Using the GNSS sensors, we determined resonant frequencies at 0.33 Hz and 1.31 Hz, mainly in the lateral direction of the bridge. To verify the GNSS results, we placed an accelerometer on the bridge. The frequencies detected by the acceleration sensor correspond well to the frequencies found by the GNSS sensors, although the accelerometer measured further higher frequencies as it is probably more sensitive to small amplitudes.


We propose CFS, a distributed file system for large scale container platforms. CFS supports both sequential and random file accesses with optimized storage for both large files and small files, and adopts different replication protocols for different write scenarios to improve the replication performance. It employs a metadata subsystem to store and distribute the file metadata across different storage nodes based on the memory usage. This metadata placement strategy avoids the need of data rebalancing during capacity expansion. CFS also provides POSIX-compliant APIs with relaxed semantics and metadata atomicity to improve the system performance. We performed a comprehensive comparison with Ceph, a widely-used distributed file system on container platforms. Our experimental results show that, in testing 7 commonly used metadata operations, CFS gives around 3 times performance boost on average. In addition, CFS exhibits better random-read/write performance in highly concurrent environments with multiple clients and processes.


Background: Low-level (LLLT) and high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) can be beneficial additions to knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rehabilitation exercises; however, it is still being determined which electrophysical agent is more effective. Aim: To compare the effects of LLLT and HILT as adjuncts to rehabilitation exercises (LL + EX and HL + EX) on clinical outcomes in KOA. Methods: Thirty-four adults with mild-to-moderate KOA were randomly allocated to either LL + EX or HL + EX (n = 17 each). Both groups underwent their respective intervention weekly for twelve weeks: LL + EX (400 mW, 830 nm, 10 to 12 J/cm2, and 400 J per session) or HL + EX (5 W, 1064 nm, 19 to 150 J/cm2, and 3190 J per session). The laser probe was placed vertically in contact with the knee and moved in a slow-scan manner on the antero-medial/lateral sides of the knee joint. Participants' Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), active knee flexion, and Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG) were assessed. Results: Post intervention, both groups showed improvements in their KOOS, NPRS, active knee flexion, and TUG scores compared to baseline (p < 0.01). The mean difference of change in KOOS, NPRS, and active knee flexion scores for the HL + EX group surpassed the minimal clinically important difference threshold. In contrast, the LL + EX group only demonstrated clinical significance for the NPRS scores. Conclusions: Incorporating HILT as an adjunct to usual KOA rehabilitation led to significantly higher improvements in pain, physical function, and knee-related disability compared to LLLT applied in scanning mode.


Substituted quinolines were effectively synthesised by utilising chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl) as an efficient catalyst in the cyclisation condensation of aromatic amines and enolisable aldehydes via a tandem process in air and DMSO. The clean, mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity and high yields were attractive features of the reaction which enables a facile preparative procedure for building the quinoline ring.


It is defined that the complex herbal medicine «Neurophyt» on the model of maximum electroconvulsive shock and injection of tiosemicarbazid strychnin and camfor effects contraconvulsively.


Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is by far the most common type of tumor in the exocrine pancreas, accounting for 85% to 100% of all malignant pancreatic tumors (Kloppel et al., 2004). During the last 30 years, little improvement in the prognosis of patients with PDAC has been achieved (Jemal et al., 2009). A better understanding of the biological nature of this neoplasm might improve the prognosis of patients. For this purpose, permanent cultured cell lines are helpful, since their convenience of use facilitates a variety of experiments (Ku et al., 2002). However, the amount of viable tumor-derived material is limited. The majority of research in PDAC has been done in a few cell lines; only 19 pancreatic carcinoma cell lines are broadly available for research. In addition to their small number, permanent cell lines have another disadvantage: the long culture times leave the cells prone to genetic drift (Kato et al., 1999; McQueen et al., 1991).


A 35 km long distributed erbium fibre preamplifier has been used to provide dispersion equalisation and to maintain the signal above the receiver sensitivity level. Remote supply of pump power to the input of the lightly-doped fibre provides significant improvement in amplifier performance.


This paper presents the results of a pilot study of a virtual reality play based intervention. The results of four single case studies are presented. The virtual reality intervention used the Mandala Gesture Xtreme technology. It was applied to four school aged children with cerebral palsy. A pretest-posttest design was used. The relevant outcome of interest was upper extremity control as measured with the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST), item #6 of Subtest #5 of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), and a measure of percent accuracy . The total scores on the QUEST indicated clinically significant changes in quality of upper extremity for two of the children. Changes were noted in other measures of upper extremity control for each child. Qualitative comments from the participants revealed a high degree of motivation, interest, pleasure, and opportunity for engage- ment in play activities not previously engaged in. Overall, this pilot study suggests the viability of a virtual reality play based intervention as part of the rehabilitation process for children with cerebral palsy. These results will form the basis of a larger scale randomized clinical trial.


This paper takes a broader view of rural infrastructure, their interaction and interface with the support systems, such as maintenance of rural roads, transport and storage. The lack of infrastructures in developing countries is well established but its impact on food security is less obvious. FAO (2004) indicated that 38 countries face serious food shortages with 24 in Africa, 7 in Asia , 5 in Latin America and 2 in Europe. Despite favourable natural conditions for diversification of agricultural production, Africa represents 70 % of the Least Developing Countries with the highest food deficit (FAO, 2000). During food crisis, aid is air lifted at tremendous cost because of lack of infrastructure and or maintenance. Proper access to rural areas and markets is needed to enable farmers produce surplus food, while traders and non-farming sectors provide better facilities, services and much needed supplies to the rural population to improve the quality of life. The impact of roads on the lives of the rural poor in the third world has been modest. The roads simply did not last long enough to change people's ways. It is mainly due to the fact that roads simply did not make more accessible the places, where people wanted to go. People did not become more mobile; perhaps because they could not afford it or perhaps transport services did not improve. Sometimes the roads simply did not connect them with the services they use. The reasons are very many but essentially due to lack of experience in recognising the importance of maintenance and failure to raise both skills and funds at the local level to undertake such activities. Transport and communications represent a very high share in production costs and constitute a serious constraint to the competitiveness of the economies in the region. Adequate packaging for long overhaul transit storage and road networks are either inexistent, lacking or in conditions beyond repair. Rural transport and the related infrastructures play a crucial role in facilitating both industrial and agricultural development. They provide the necessary activities and added-value for primary, secondary and tertiary products, while creating jobs and services locally. Sustainable transport network in rural areas assists farmers, small and medium entrepreneurs through timeliness and availability of fresh quality products in towns, cities and over distant areas, while fetching premium prices. Maintenance management is intimately linked with road design, selection procedures, choice of technology and cannot be separated from the vital question as to whether a road is necessary in the first place. Even simple roads are expensive to maintain in rural areas and every effort must be made to concentrate on carefully selected core networks, while relying on local resources as much as possible. The management of rural roads must be decentralised and integrated within a larger national program to enable the public sector operate as an effective facilitator to create an enabling environment, whereby the private sector can find suitable market for undertaking construction works, rehabilitation and maintenance. The use of labour-based methods for maintenance are now gaining wider acceptance but the lack of knowledge, motivation and funds are real and need to be addressed to keep rural access in working order.


A group of five blacked-out webcams captured image frames for three months at an Alpine research station. Thousands of images containing natural radiation particle interaction events were retrieved via the Internet and analysed.


This study presents detailed petrographic, mineralogical, chemical, and isotope data on exceptionally fresh kimberlite samples from the diamondiferous Udachnaya-East pipe (Daldyn-Alakit region, Siberia). I demonstrate that the Udachnaya-East rocks have radiogenic isotopic compositions, petrographic features and major and trace element geochemistry typical of group-I kimberlites. However, unlike common kimberlites, the studied samples show no primary or secondary serpentine, and thus are essentially anhydrous (< 0.5 wt% H2O), but CO2-rich (10-11 wt%). In contrast with other kimberlites worldwide, the Udachnaya-East samples are uniquely enriched in chlorine and alkalies (2.3-3.2 wt% Cl, 2.6-3.7 wt% Na, and 1.6-2.0 wt% K). I propose that significant amounts of alkali chlorides and carbonates in the Udachnaya-East kimberlite are pristine magmatic components inherited from the kimberlite parental/primary magma. This enrichment may be responsible for the kimberlite low liquidus temperatures, low viscosities, and rapid ascent.


We study weak gravitational lensing around a quasi-Kerr black hole in the presence of plasma. The additional parameter $\epsilon$ regulating the quadrupole moment in the metric alters the deflection angle of light rays along with the plasma parameters. In the vacuum, the number of images due to the presence of the parameter $\epsilon$ increases and causes the increase of the magnification of the image source. The effects of uniform and nonuniform plasma on gravitational lensing around a quasi-Kerr black hole are also studied.


This paper aims to depict the main philosophical lines that, deriving from Japanese Zen Buddhist precepts, guided and allowed the development of the Japanese garden. Some necessary historical, geographical and cultural references will have to be drawn if an acute portrait of its specificity is to be made; nonetheless, as it should be clear along the article, its guiding lines are universal, as the spread and influence of the Japanese gardens in other cultural contexts illustrates it. And that could only be due to the aesthetic and ontological autonomy, relevance and fertility that fosters this style of gardening. The vision that crosses the Japanese garden will also be exposed through the resemblances and differences with other authors, namely Kant and the concepts sustained by his Critique of Judgment, which therefore mutually enriches the clash of both perspectives.


Multiple drug resistance of tumor cells is a serious challenge in modern medicine. Neoplastic diseases are often complicated by persistent bacterial infections, which impairs efficacy and the outcome of anticancer therapy. The development of new bifunctional drugs for the treatment of tumor growth and bacterial complications is an urgent task.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the complex antiblastic and antibacterial properties of interferon-platinum conjugate in vitro.

The coordination complex of dichloro-N,N,N,N-tetrakis-(2-aminoethyl)-1,6-hexamethylenediaminobisplatin dichloride was used for production of conjugate with human α-interferon. The binding of a metal complex with protein was established by means of radiochemical neutron activation analysis. As test objects, we used lympholeukemic Jurkat cells line, human lymphocytes in reaction of lymphocyte blastic transformation and different strains of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Binuclear platinum human α-interferon conjugate has a significant dose-dependent antibacterial and antiproliferative suppressive effect on target cells and bacteria.

The tested preparation can be of a certain interest in drug designing for rational antiblastic therapy, especially in the case of infectious complications. This conjugate can be a convenient platform for creating drugs for the complex therapy of oncological diseases with bacterial complications.


Context: Student retention is a key issue in higher education. With the increasing number of professional master's (PM) athletic training programs (ATPs), understanding student retention is necessa...


The promotional prospects, career mobility and networking experiences of 16 female part-time managers are explored in this article. It attempts to explain the labour market position of female part-time managers, comparing their employment experiences, career progression and networking while working full and part-time. The majority had successful career histories while full-time but these careers stalled once a transition to part-time work was made. Many voiced frustration with their employment prospects in terms of mobility and promotion, which were limited given the perceived lack of quality jobs at managerial level in the external labour market. There was recognition that networking had made an important contribution to career progression but for most women, the transition into part-time employment meant that opportunities to network decreased due to time constraints.


On analyzing Section 397 and 398 it is seen that to constitute oppression and mismanagement facts of case would be relevant and the result of a complaint would depend on situation to situation. What would be "oppression" in one situation may not be in another. Company Law Board (CLB) has power to interpret the provisions of oppression and mismanagement. Example Increase in Share Capital by way of rights issue is not oppression at all but where the rights issue is done in a situation where there is no need of finances and knowing that minority shareholders are facing financial difficulties would definitely constitute oppression. The paper aims to analyze role of judiciary in India with reference to oppression and mismanagement. This paper analyses section 397 and 397 of companies Act 1956, and provides interpretation of judiciary considering landmark case laws. It further provides remedy for oppression and mismanagement and jurisdiction of company law board to examine the Validity of the Arbitration Agreement. Finally the paper concludes with certain sets of recommendations that can be incorporated to effectively deal with such issues.


The Reading and Me Survey (R&MS) measures reading self-perceptions and enjoyment of reading of intermediate elementary students and parallels the Math & Me Survey (M&MS). We examined its psychometric properties through content validation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability and external validity analyses. Validity evidence was collected from 777 third through fifth graders from two rural and two urban school districts. Scores on the scales (Reading Self-Perceptions, 13 items; Enjoyment of Reading, nine items) exhibited strong internal consistency, and model fit was good. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), we examined the relations among reading self-perceptions, and enjoyment, mathematics self-perceptions and enjoyment, and teacher ratings of reading and mathematics ability levels, with results demonstrating patterns of discriminant and, convergent validity. Because of its developmentally appropriate vocabulary, its applicability across contexts, its brevity, its parallel format to the M&MS, and its established psychometric properties, the R&MS has potential to be a useful tool for researchers and educators.


The sterilizing filtration procedure for the active pharmaceutical ingredient of the Cuban anti-hepatitis B vaccine (HBsAg API) was evaluated by using cellulose nitrate type 113 membranes and Sartobran P capsules (Sartorius, Germany). The study of sterilization processes using saturated steam for two loads, one for the flat membranes within their respective carcasses and the other for auxiliary materials, demonstrated that the measuring points reached an F0 > 15 minutes, guaranteeing an appropriate sterilization. The physical integrity of both filtration media was maintained after the filtration process, indicating a successful operation. The extractables were studied by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), showing the lack of membrane-derived contaminants. The bacterial retention test was carried out at industrial scale simulating the operations used for the buffer and HBsAg API. Both filtration media were able to remove a microbiological load of ≥ 10 c.f.u./cm of Brevundimonas diminuta (ATCC 19146), ensuring filtrate sterility. These results indicate that the API HBsAg sterilization procedure is safe and reliable.


A 29-year-old male was referred to our orthopedic department with progressive severe pain in the neck and weakness of the left upper extremity. The onset of the symptoms began 4 months prior to referral including numbness of the upper left extremity accompanied with pain a few days later. On clinical examination, muscle weakness on the upper extremity was observed. More specifically, muscle weakness (MMT) 3/5 on all the muscle groups of the upper extremity with sensory disorders was noticed. The pain was exacerbated with arm movement and the patient had loss of fine movement ipsilateraly. Prior to admission, the patient had received two rounds of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics followed by physiotherapy. Due to the poor response to the conservative treatment the patient underwent epidural steroid injection with mild and transient improvement of the symptoms. Subsequently, patient's admission was decided in order to receive surgical treatment. The patient's medical history was free. Imaging assessment with X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), showed a left foraminal soft disc herniation C5-6. Due to patient's clinical evaluation and the gradual deterioration of his clinical semiology, it was decided to be treated with minimally invasive posterior cervical "key-hole" laminoforaminotomy and discectomy. After surgery the patient's neck and radicular pain was alleviated and even from the first post-surgical day the muscle strength of his arm was rehabilated. However, the patient developed a bilateral loss of motor strength in the deltoids with sensory deficit at the second post-operative day. He was initiated corticosteroids and further imaging with MRI was scheduled to exclude any development of hematoma or myelopathy in the cervical spine. According to the MRI results, there was a satisfactory decompression of the herniated level and no lesion of myelopathy or hematoma was found to explain the neurological deterioration of the patient.


The aims of this research are to classify the translation shift variation of noun phrases in Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters movie subtitle and describe readability of noun phrases in Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters movie subtitle.
 The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The object of the study is the movie entitled Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters and its subtitling. The data of this study are all sentences containing noun phrases found in the subtitle of Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters movie. The writer uses documentation method in collecting the data of noun phrases from English and Indonesian subtitle and interviewing the three raters to get the information related to the subtitle. The writer also used comparison method to analyze the data taken from both subtitle.
 The result of this study presents that there are 8 constructions of English NP and 11 constructions of Indonesian NP. The writer finds 42 translation shift variation, they are; NP translated into Noun, Noun translated into Verb, NP translated into Adjective, NP translated into Adverb, NP translated into Pronoun, NP translated into Numeral, NP translated into Sentence, NP1 translated into NPA, NP1 translated into NPB, NP1 translated into NPC, NP1 translated into NPD, NP1 translated into NPE1, NP1 translated into NPE3, NP1 translated into NPF, NP1 translated into NPG, NP1 translated into NPI, NP1 translated into NPJ, NP2 translated into NPA, NP2 translated into NPC, NP2 translated into NPD, NP2 translated into NPE1, NP2 translated into NPE3, NP2 translated into NPF, NP2 translated into NPG, NP2 translated into NPH, NP2 translated into NPI, NP2 translated into NPJ, NP4 translated into NPA, NP4 translated into NPD, NP4 translated into NPE1, NP5 translated into NPK, NP6 translated into NPF, NP7 translated into NPA, NP7 translated into NPI, NP8 translated into NPA, NP8 translated into NPC, NP8 translated into NPG, NP8 translated into NPI, NP translated into Adverb Phrase, NP translated into Adjective Phrase, NP translated into Verb Phrase, NP translated into Pronoun Phrase. Besides, the writer found two levels of readability translation in Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters movie. From 1299 data, there are 1290 data or 99,3% belongs to the high readability level and 9 data or 0,7% which are classified into medium readability level.


down is a better term. Health care delivery and financing did not experience any radical changes for 2 millennia. Now, management techniques used just 5 years ago to maintain the business aspects of health care are no longer viable. Physicians do not have solo practices, and hospitals cannot stand alone. Billion-dollar corporations buy out hospitals and practices. These billion-dollar corporations are merged with even larger corporations that change the culture and place human kindness in jeopardy. Big business it is. The estimated costs associ-


The evolution of 3rd generation mobile systems introduces a new era in advanced multimedia service provision to mobile users. The concepts of service adaptability, downloadability and network reconfigurability based on terminal and user profiles and capabilities are aspects to be considered in the context of future mobile systems and networks enabling new approaches in service provision. In this paper, a generic architecture and functionality is presented for third party service registration, discovery, management and adaptable provision to mobile users.


IN CONVERSATION most students of Conrad will profess delight at Max Beerbohm's clever parody in A Christmas Garland, "The Feast by J*s*ph C*nr*d." Yet, despite Beerbohm's assurance that the Garland's parodies were conceived as tributes and despite the fact that all good parodies possess an elusiveness of tone, most recently published pronouncements upon "The Feast" have called it a ruthless exposure of Conrad's faults-particularly of a certain Conradian rhetorical tendency which the critics dislike. Aside from this questionable conception of Beerbohm's tone as condemnatory, current comments on "The Feast" tend to identify its object as a single short story, "The Lagoon," and thus to overlook the wide knowledge of Conrad's fiction which is the heart of Beerbohm's painstakingly faithful mimicry. It would seem that the age of Max has gone forever-that polemical criticism, heavy-handed "debunkery" and credulous sourcehunting have made appreciation of a parody anachronistic-at least in print. Taking the risk which is always attendant on explaining a joke-that of dispelling the humor-I should like to suggest here some of the breadth and perspicacity of Beerbohm's parody, to show that many other works besides "The Lagoon" lie behind "The Feast," and, hopefully, to show that Beerbohm's indefatigable care in noting and matching a myriad of Conradian traits is not entirely compatible with the condemnatory intent which many modern critics have attributed to him.'


Optical gains of ultrathin Si(001) quantum wells are calculated from first principles, and found to be positive because of an intrinsic quantum confinement effect. The gain of the ultrathin silicon film is comparable to that of the bulk GaAs if the carrier density is large enough. The impact of surface structure of the silicon film on the efficiency of light emission is also investigated and we found that SiO2 crystal that forms a strainless connection with a Si(001) surface such as quartz enhances optical gain.


The current production and market situation of plastic special section materials and door window products were introduced.In the year 2004,the production capacity of plastic special section materials were nearly 4 000 kt with the production and marketing amount exceeding 1 800 kt;the production and marketing amount of door window products were more than 200 million squar meter,which exceeded 30% of the total domestic using amount of door window products.The production and marketing development trend of plastic special section materials were analyzed.The development situation of the production capacity of PVC section materials in the whole industry were forcasted as well as the development situation of door window products.


Abstract During the last two years, technical services operations at Western Maryland College have undergone changes in personnel, technology, workflow, and departmental organization. The Technical Services department, created by a 1997 merger of two separate departments, has survived and flourished amidst such change. The secret is teamwork. By planning together, clarifying responsibilities, re-thinking procedures and by sometimes taking a break from work together, staff have preserved and strengthened their team identity and have increased departmental productivity by 57 percent.


Objective:To provide experimental basis in the treatment of endometriosis(EM) with prescription of added ingredient,dissolving lumps and relieving pain(PADR) by investigating the effect of this prescription on changing the ultrastructure of ectopic endometrium tissue of rats with endometriosis.Methods:The rats model with EM were established by the operation of transplantation of their endometriums,then were divided into treatment group(treated with PADR) and control group(treated with danazol).The changes of ultrastructure of ectopic endometrium tissue were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results:The ultrastructure of ectopic endometrium tissue treated with this prescription was changed the most obvious among the model,control and treatment groups.Conclusion:Prescription of added ingredient,dissolving lumps and relieving pain changes the ultrastructure of ectopic endometrium tissue to reach the therapeutic aim.


Abstract Background and Significance Natural killer (NK) cells play a vital role in the human innate immune system and are being explored as a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. Of particular interest are NK cell engagers that can target and activate NK cells to attack cancer cells. In this study, we developed novel NK cell engagers by targeting the NK cell activating receptor CD16a using antibodies that selectively distinguish between CD16a on NK cells and CD16b on granulocytes, which are highly homologous to each other. Methods and Results To generate antibodies with high developability, we employed a rational design approach to construct large yeast display libraries of human antibodies. This approach was based on the analysis of a deep sequencing dataset of human antibodies from over 500 individuals, which allowed us to determine the natural amino acid usage patterns of human antibody CDRs and mimic human antibody repertoires. Through screening these libraries, we discovered two classes of antibody clones that selectively recognize CD16a without cross-reactivity to CD16b. Epitope mapping revealed that a single amino acid difference confers over 10,000-fold selectivity for one class of antibody clones, while for the other class a second unique epitope on CD16a was identified. To evaluate the activity of these antibody clones, we produced bispecific antibody clones with one arm targeting CD16a and the other arm targeting a tumor-associated antigen (TAA). Our results demonstrated potent tumor cell-dependent activation of NK cells and effective killing of tumor cells. Several of these antibodies had greatly enhanced resistance to human IgG inhibition in killing target cells. Significantly, our anti-CD16a antibody clones exhibited superior performance compared to leading reference anti-CD16a clones in two distinct NK cell engager formats. This included higher affinity for CD16a, higher thermostability, and more potent killing activity both in the absence and presence of 10 mg/mL human IgGs as competitors. Conclusion Our findings indicate that anti-CD16a antibody-based NK cell engagers have significant potential for cancer immunotherapies.


Two rate limiting enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, i.e, low-Km hexokinase (HK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), respectively, in liver tissues of patients with liver diseases, including acute hepatitis (convalescent stage), chronic hepatitis (active and inactive forms) and chronic hepatitis with sublobular hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, were demonstrated histochemically. Generally, an intense staining of HK and a weak staining of G6Pase were observed in the degenerated hepatic cells in the lobule. In chronic hepatitis, active form, the HK activity was increased in the whole lobule with an emphasis in the central area, whereas the G6Pase activity was decreased in the central area. Chronic hepatitis with sublobular hepatic necrosis, which has been assumed to progress rapidly into the cirrhosis of the liver, was characterized by an uneven distribution of HK and G6Pase within the hepatic lobule; the activity of the former being increased and the latter decreased at the site of hepatic cell injuries. In cirrhosis of the liver, the HK activity was increased and G6Pase activity was retained well in the well defined nodule, whereas the latter was significantly decreased in the nodule of swollen and irregular hepatic cells with marked infiltration of round cells in the connective tissue.


This study aims to provide the basic data helpful for the improvement of rights and interests of radiological technologists, by understanding the...


Bilateral control system has been developed as a method to transmit a tactile sense. It enables human operators to feel as if they were really touching the environment. Teleopertion with the bilateral control has a wide range of application such as telesurgery, deep-sea operation, space mission, etc. However, the presence of the communication delay between master and slave systems degrades performance and stability. There are two representative conventional methods based on acceleration control. One is 4ch bilateral control and the other is 3ch bilateral control. In 4ch bilateral control system, an operator is able to feel the hard environment, but the operator feel the large operational force. On the other hand, in 3ch bilateral control system, little operational force is generated, but stable contact can not be achieved. This paper proposes a novel bilateral control using the estimated environmental stiffness as the master position gain. The proposed method enables the operator to feel the hard environment with little operational force. The validity of the proposed control system is confirmed by analyses and experiments.


A narrow dose-energy process window exists for the formation of high-quality low dose SIMOX layers. Process instabilities require annealing schemes that enlarge the process window to improve manufacturability. As recently shown, the integrity of thin buried oxides has been improved by annealing in a highly oxidizing ambient. In this work, we extend the investigations to the effects of high temperature oxidation on the integrity and radiation hardness of the thin BOX SIMOX implanted with doses from the extreme ends of the process window. In addition, we explore the effects of moderate temperature H/sub 2/ anneals on BOX integrity.


The invention relates to the preparation field of chemical products and particularly relates to a method for high-purity manganese sulfate monohydrate. The method specifically comprises the following steps of: taking tail powder of electrolytic manganese dioxide as a raw material, carrying out water washing and acid washing, then carrying out leaching and reducing on MnO2 by taking hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent, adding barium hydroxide solution, removing Fe , Si and Al , adding barium sulfide solution into the obtained solution, heating the solution to 60-80 DEG C after uniform stirring, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and removing heavy metal elements such as Pb; adding activated carbon in the solution, carrying out stirring and solid-liquid separation at 60-80 DEG C, adding polyacrylamide as a flocculant into the solution after being subjected to activated carbon separation, standing for 24-36 hours after uniform stirring, and carrying out the solid-liquid separation; and carrying out high-temperature crystallization on the obtained solution so as to obtain a manganese sulfate monohydrate product. According to the method, the tail powder produced during the production of the electrolytic manganese dioxide is adequately utilized, the high-purity manganese sulfate monohydrate is produced at a relatively low cost, and then manganese sulfate for ternary materials applied to lithium battery industries is further obtained.


The method of the solving problems of the optimum designing of analog-digital circuits, in particular circuits of biomedical devices is offered. The choice of the structure of generalized criterion of optimality is motivated. The method of the estimation of value of electromagnetic compatibility factor of analog-digital circuits is offered.


Pazeh, once the heritage of a substantial language community in the Puli basin of central Taiwan, appears to be down to its last fluent speaker. Several linguists have worked on the language in recent years, all drawing on the same resource, but arriving at somewhat different transcriptions and analyses. This paper presents an analysis of the synchronic and historical phonology of Pazeh, and provides the most complete inventory of affixes described to date. Loanwords suggest a period of fairly intensive contact with Taokas, thereby implying that the Pazeh were on the western plain within the relatively recent past. The linguistic position of Pazeh remains obscure, because some apparent exclusively shared innovations point to a closer relationship with Saisiyat, while others point to a closer relationship with Thao and the core group of Western Plains languages (Taokas, Papora, Hoanya, Favorlang/ Babuza). Both in its phonology and its morphology, this little-studied language sheds light on aspects of Proto-Austronesian that are only feebly attested in the language family as a whole


Chapter 4 investigates how geometry revealed to Siegfried Kracauer a style of cultural critique that worked toward a more reasonable society through critique. For Kracauer, geometric metaphors of space and projection fulfilled a seemingly impossible task: in a world vanquished of divine authority, geometry bridged the divide between the raw contingency of materiality and the necessity of mathematical reasoning. Kracauer's Weimar-era essays, such as "The Mass Ornament" (1927), transformed these metaphors into an aesthetic strategy that, through the space of the text, sought to confront readers with the capitalist misuse of reason and provoke critical self-reflection. For Kracauer, the marginalized figure of the societal observer, the cultural critic, even the Jew took on the role of correcting the historical trajectory of Enlightenment. This vision of critique suggests that critical theorists look to the performativity and positionality of criticism for modes of cultural intervention in our hyper-rationalized and digitized present.


This electronic document explains about role of robotic process automation in educational field. INTRODUCTION Robotic process automation technology is software that can be trained to mimic digital data tasks performed by humans. RPA software automates repetitive, rules-based work tasks that rely on digital data. These tasks include queries, calculations, creating and updating records, filling out forms, producing reports, cutting and pasting and performing other high-volume transactional tasks that require moving data within and between applications. The term RPA entered the tech lexicon in 2012. In today's modern education system, technology is playing a vital role in automating tasks, which are rule-based, repetitive, time-consuming and frustrating. Eliminate paperwork and manual processes using automated education systems the software can be used for admission, attendance, scheduling meetings, mailing, assignment, grades, Admin, Finance, etc. A user can connect, collaborate and communicate through multiple channels through the cloud-based application, web application or mobile apps. The students and teachers need quick answers or resolutions to their many questions. Universities have to manage and operate with limited resources with qualified IT staff members and a shortage of highly skilled support staff. Automation is the solution for everyday tasks and improves the efficiency and productivity of the educational institution which saves time and highly skilled staff can work on other critical tasks. WHY ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION FOR EDUCATION INDUSTRY • Course Registration, Shortlisting and Enrolment Process With automation, check student's eligibility criteria, validate information, shortlist candidates to avoid long process manually. • Attendance management Manage the attendance, send automated notifications and reports to parent and students. IT Operations IT operations can get rid of a lot of timeconsuming tickets like password reset, unlock accounts, reboot systems, restart service, install updates, monitor alerts with automation. • Schedule meeting scheduling, timetable updates, equipment reservations, updates


The objective of this study was to examine whether physicians are willing to continue to use older antibiotics in the face of drug resistance in order to preserve newer antibiotics for future use. The study was a national sample of 398 generalist physicians and 429 infectious disease (ID) specialists. Clinical vignettes prompted respondents to select the level of resistance to a hypothetical older antibiotic at which they would prefer a newer antibiotic without any current resistance in the treatment of a patient with pneumococcal pneumonia. Vignettes varied in the site of care of the patient as a proxy for variation in disease severity. Respondents significantly reduced their threshold for switching to a newer antibiotic as disease severity increased. Generalists were more responsive to disease severity than ID specialists. Thus, the adoption of recommendations to limit overuse of newer antibiotics may be variable across clinical settings and providers, reducing the impact of these recommendations on emerging resistance.


Calculate a smoother of longitudinal data of the same measure and bootstrap the errors of the autoregressive model fitted on the smoother to form simultaneous confidence bounds of a certain level (mathematical details below). Define an event if the simultaneous confidence bound is within a chosen interval for a predefined amount of time. When data from multiple sources is provided, the calculation will be done separately for each source.


The present study is to determine the concentration of metals, As in water and sediments in an semi-rural area with influence urban-industrial output in the south of metropolitan area of Puebla City, Mexico at the Valsequillo Dam. The concentration of 7 trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) was determined in 11 water and sediment samples. The concentration pattern in water indicates low concentrations and is virtually observed in water. However, the sediments indicate high concentrations of these elements; which is confirmed by the higher values of Geoacumulation Index (Igeo).


Equipment and techniques were developed to study cotton moisture absorption and desorption rates at temperatures ranging from 49 to 91° C (120 to 196° F). The data provided valuable insight into the moisture-time relationships for cotton lint. The moisture data was transformed and found to fit a theoretical, exponential decay function. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to fit the value of the coefficients in the theoretical equation to the experimental data. Results indicate that both temperature and air condition (dry or humid) significantly affect the "diffusivity" (rate) parameter in the nonlinear equations. As expected, higher moisture transfer rates occurred at higher temperatures and the drying rate was significantly higher than the humidification rate for cotton lint at the same temperature. When the diffusivity coefficients from this study and from the literature are plotted against temperature, the coefficients for the dry air produce an almost linear relationship with temperature. Generalized equations for moisture absorption and desorption were also developed, using historical data along with data from this study, for a temperature range of 5 to 90° C (41 to 194° F).


CHICAGO — Great strides have been made in the past century in ensuring women's safety during childbirth. Now, new imaging software presented Tuesday at RSNA furthers this by simulating childbirth to predict difficult deliveries.


This reports new pedogenic carbonate isotope data from the Bighorn Basin in an attempt to link central/southern basin fossil localities to a global timescale and sequence of Eocene climate events. The substantial new dataset and goal of exploring within-basin variability in environmental proxy data and faunal change are strong aspects of this contribution. The manuscript also highlights the correlation local their study area, leave some ambiguity I work support


We study genus 2 covers of relative elliptic curves over an arbitrary base in which 2 is invertible. Particular emphasis lies on the case that the covering degree is 2. We show that the data in the "basic construction" of genus 2 covers of relative elliptic curves determine the cover in a unique way (up to isomorphism).
A classical theorem says that a genus 2 cover of an elliptic curve of degree 2 over a field of characteristic different from 2 is birational to a product of two elliptic curves over the projective line. We formulate and prove a generalization of this theorem for the relative situation.
We also prove a Torelli theorem for genus 2 curves over an arbitrary base.


Significance A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene represents the most prominent form of heritable amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Bidirectional transcription and ATG-independent translation of the expanded (GGGGCC)n repeat specifies the production of toxic glycine:arginine (GRn) and proline:arginine (PRn) poly-dipeptides. The present study provides evidence that the PRn poly-dipeptide binds directly to the central channel of nuclear pores, causing inhibition of both the import and export of macromolecules to and from the nucleus. Nuclear pore binding is shown to be mediated via direct interaction between the toxic PRn poly-dipeptide and polymeric forms of nuclear pore proteins enriched in phenylalanine:glycine repeats. The toxic proline:arginine (PRn) poly-dipeptide encoded by the (GGGGCC)n repeat expansion in the C9orf72 form of heritable amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) binds to the central channel of the nuclear pore and inhibits the movement of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus. The PRn poly-dipeptide binds to polymeric forms of the phenylalanine:glycine (FG) repeat domain, which is shared by several proteins of the nuclear pore complex, including those in the central channel. A method of chemical footprinting was used to characterize labile, cross-β polymers formed from the FG domain of the Nup54 protein. Mutations within the footprinted region of Nup54 polymers blocked both polymerization and binding by the PRn poly-dipeptide. The aliphatic alcohol 1,6-hexanediol melted FG domain polymers in vitro and reversed PRn-mediated enhancement of the nuclear pore permeability barrier. These data suggest that toxicity of the PRn poly-dipeptide results in part from its ability to lock the FG repeats of nuclear pore proteins in the polymerized state. Our study offers a mechanistic interpretation of PRn poly-dipeptide toxicity in the context of a prominent form of ALS.


In a recent study, isoelectric focusing patterns were classified with a neural network using the back‐propagation algorithm [1]. In order to further study the classification process and to generalize the presentation of electrophoretic patterns, Kohonen's self‐organizing feature maps [2] were applied in this study. Although these feature maps are very efficient in many pattern recognition tasks, our data proved to be too complex for classification with an unsupervised system. Therefore, a second supervised network on top of the feature map was necessary. As in [3], a feed‐forward network trained by the back‐propagation algorithm was used. The final system allows us to correctly classify 90% of all wheat varieties. Moreover, the system proved to be reliable, reasonable in training time and shows the same accuracy in different experimental setups.


Taiwan President Chen signed the New Partnership Agreement with aborigines in his 2000 election campaign. The Council of Indigenous Peoples launched a project in 2001 to map the traditional territories of each tribal community. More than 400 aboriginal communities have completed their mapping work. 7his endeavor will serve as the basis for the implementation of future aboriginal autonomy. The public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) was employed to serve as a platform for participatory discussion. 7his paper describes the design considerations of the PPGIS, the procedure of PPGIS, and a number of issues regarding indigenous mapping and PPGIS. the paper concludes with the multidimensionalities of indigenous mapping.


A theoretical treatment of husband and wife as independent decisionmakers in family labor supply is presented. The model emphasizes the income-sharing characteristic between husband and wife, but allows differences in marginal utility of income for the couple. Under reasonable conditions, a woman will respond to tax-induced changes in wage rate more vigorously in her labor supply decisions. The results support an income tax system with differential marginal tax rates for the primary and the secondary income earners in the family.