Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) containing 8–9% (w/w) of lithium chloride (LiCl) or lithium bromide (LiBr) was found to be a good solvent for a polyrotaxane consisting of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and α-cyclodextrin (CD). In the new DMAc/LiCl solvent system, various modification reactions such as acetylation, direct dansylation, and reaction with acid chloride could be performed, which was unattainable in the previously reported solvents, i.e., dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Acetylation with acetic anhydride and direct dansylation of the polyrotaxane were investigated in detail in comparison with reactions in DMSO. The dissolution of the polyrotaxane in DMAc/LiCl suggested that the solubility and insolubility of the polyrotaxane is strongly in relation to the inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the polyrotaxane. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 532–538, 2006


In herb plant such as arabidopsis and rice,membrane-bound vacuolar H+-translocating pyrophosphatases(VPase) have been investigated deeply.It pumps protons(H+) from the cytoplasm to vacuoles using the energy from the hydrolyzation of inorganic pyrophosphate,and then H+gradients promote ions such as Na+and K+entering into vacuoles through transporters and channels,which can protect cell against the poison of extreme ion accumulating.But the functions of VP1 in wooden plant such as willow remain unclear.In this study,we first analyzed organs(or tissues) transcriptional level,and the day and night expression patterns in leaves of two SVP1 s from willow L0911.Then we introduced two SVP1 genes to Arabidopsis(Ecotype Col-0) by agrobacterium mediated transformation.Last,wedetected the germination rate,the enzyme activities such as SOD,POD and CAT in the T3 lines overexpressing(OE) the SVP1.1s.The malonyldialdehyde(MDA) contents which reflected the peroxidation of the membranes lipid were also detected.Our results showed that SVP1.1 expresses highest in the phloem,while SVP1.2 exhibits highest expression in both phloem and new shoots.Both SVP1.1s 'expression was very steady during 6∶ 00 to 16 ∶ 00,after that it decline gradually,but SVP1.2 increased quicker than SVP1.1 as the time of dark extending.Germination rate of T3 OE lines of two SVP1 s were both higher than controls under 100 mmol/L Na Cl treatment.In most cases,the activity of SOD,POD and CAT in OE lines(especially SVP1.1 OE lines) were all higher than those of WT under same condition.SVP1.1 OE lines had 10% ~ 25% lower MAD content in leaves than WT under stress conditions.Collectively,the OE lines showed more salt tolerance than WT.This research showed that VP1 genes in wooden plant have the same function as its homologous gene in herb plant.The result and resources obtained in this research may be useful for further breeding of salt-tolerance willow varieties.


REU Project 1. Coordination Chemistry and Toxic Metal Sensors Dr. Konstantinos Kavallieratos. Research in the Kavallieratos group is focused on the design of sensors for toxic metals and ion pairs of biomedical and environmental significance, based on coordination and supramolecular chemistry principles. The REU student will synthesize sensor molecules for Pb(II) based on substituted and conjugated aromatic diamine frameworks, that contain CN and NO2 electron withdrawing groups, for increased potential for optical and fluorescent sensing. The student will then synthesize and characterize metal complexes with Pb(II). Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) will be used for screening potential ligand frameworks for metal binding. The thermodynamic parameters and sensing selectivity in the presence of other metals will be studied by distribution experiments, NMR, and isothermal titration calorimetry. This builds on the knowledge acquired on unsubstituted ophenylenediamine derived frameworks, pioneered by previous graduate and undergraduate students in the group. 1-4 The student will acquire skills in synthesis of coordination compounds and spectroscopic (NMR, fluorescence), mass spectrometric, electrochemical, and calorimetric techniques.


The theory models of the IR Feature of target and background were established in this paper. The IR features of target and background were calculated and studied by the models. The IR images of target and Background were generated, and the simulating test of the missile hitting target process for a type missile has been applicated.


It seems certain that there will be no expansion of educational provision in Britain in the next several years. In particular the teaching force will not expand, and in some areas there will be redundancies. This is true not only of the schools, but equally of higher education — in the public sector at least. We must therefore do the best job we can with the human resources we already have, supplemented by a much reduced intake of new teachers and lecturers from initial teacher training or from other occupations.


The characteristics of nature of Xiezhuang mine coal are analyzed, the experimental study on the atmospheric gasification at different air blast intensity and rich oxygen concentrations, is conducted in a gasifier with 100 mm fixed-bed, and the atmospheric fixed-bed gasification characteristics of Xiezhuang mine coal are summed up.


This article puts forward the ways to decide the configurations of annulan structures of monose and their reaction mechanism of becoming osazone.It also clarifies the present blurred understanding about them.


People all around the country have taken precautions to be safe since the COVID-19 outbreak began. It's critical to maintain such precautions until the virus is under control and vaccine is available to protect everyone from contracting it. Taking safety precautions is not always simple and consistent. They are, however, critically vital. This study aims to design and construct a device that will monitor the safe distance and body temperature of the user. The device does not require wi-fi and simply requires a small amount of infrastructure to charge (USB 5v). It utilizes basic technology and may be assembled with commonly available, low-cost components. The device mainly uses the NRF24L01 RF module, ultrasonic sensor and MLX90614 thermometer sensor for the monitoring system. It is also composed of other electronic components like switch, LCD display and power source. The device will prevent the virus from infecting you, your family, and your friends. Results have shown that this device is applicable for distance and temperature monitoring of a person as an aid to prevent the spread of the virus.


A study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding sugar cane silage compared to chopped whole sugar cane or grass silage on performances of lactating dairy cows during the dry season. Twenty four Holstein Friesian crossbred (>87.5% Holstein Friesian) lactating dairy cows in mid lactation; averaging 15.4±3.2 kg of milk, 120±23 days in milk, 50.5±6.5 months old and 432±39 kg live weight, were stratified for milk yield, days in milk, age, stage of lactation and body weight, and then randomly allocated to three treatment groups (8 cows in each group). All cows were fed 7.5 kg/d commercial concentrate plus ad libitum roughage according to treatment groups, which were grass silage, sugar cane silage or chopped whole sugar cane respectively. All cows consumed similar DM and produced similar milk and milk composition yields. However, cows on grass silage lost more weight than the other cows. The present study indicated that, during the dry season, sugar cane silage can be fed to lactating dairy cows, while giving similar milk yield to grass silage or chopped whole sugar cane. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 8 : 1125-1129)


In this article, based on the former accurate and precise ab initio calculation results for potassium nitride (KN) and calcium nitride (CaN), I revisit the possibilities and potentials of KN and CaN as the best candidate for molecular multiple quantum bit (MMQB) for the diatomic molecular quantum computer (DMQC), and would like to propose the two molecules as CPUs of the DMQC. Lowest lying four electronic states of CaN are energetically located within 1800 cm−1. These four states form the good molecular electronic two quantum bits through the dipole and weak spin–orbit interactions. 3Π state of KN is calculated to lie above ground 3Σ− state by 177 cm−1. KN is a promising candidate for an electronic one quantum bit. When vibrational progression is considered to be accompanied by the electronic transition, CaN and KN are good candidates for larger MMQBs up to a thousand even in the single molecule because the concrete quantum state bearing the quantum bit is each molecular ro-vibronic state, that is, the specific rotational state on each vibronic level. When CaN and KN work in assemblies as quantum bit, those assemblies become larger MMQBs, the number of which might reach the Avogadro number because the molecular spectra appearing in the molecular spectroscopy are the results from the observation by the photon-exchange among intramolecular quantum states made up of 1015 to the Avogadro (6.02 × 1023 mol−1) number of molecules interacting with radiation. Even without the vibrational progression, in the case of the lowest two quantum bit of KN, which is a stable vibronic two quantum bit, a thousand of KN molecules provide a thousand of MMQBs. That is the same situation as that for CaN. Using KN and CaN as MMQBs (playing the triple roles of CPU, RAMs (memory), and storages) ultra-fast "in core" quantum computation can be done. An application of the full-CI quantum chemistry calculation results for the demonstration of the DMQC is discussed. I strongly hope that the MMQB will "oscillate" and that the DMQC will be realized in the near future for the welfare of human being and the further development of modern material civilization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


46 for the seventh edition of an event that presented outdoor screenings of videos by 12 women artists. Includes, for each work, a still, technical data and a brief description. Texts in French and English.


To meet the requirement of fuel cells and metal–air batteries, non‐noble metal catalysts have to be developed to replace precious platinum‐based catalysts. Herein, Co nanoclusters (≈2 nm) are anchored on nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (Co/N‐r‐GO) by using DUT‐58 (Co) metal–organic framework and GO as precursors. Compared with single‐atom catalysts usually with ultralow concentration (<0.5 wt%), Co nanoclusters are more beneficial to break the OO bond to ensure four electronic way for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), since they can provide more adsorption centers for reactants. Therefore, as expected, the sample with 6.67 wt% Co content (Co/N‐r‐GO‐5%‐850) exhibits better ORR activity with a higher half‐wave potential of 0.831 V, a more positive onset potential of 0.921 V than Pt/C, and a comparable limiting current density in alkaline medium. The Co nanoclusters enhance the catalytic performance for ORR in three aspects: quantum size effects, metal–support interactions, and low‐coordination environment of metal centers. Furthermore, the sample is assembled into a zinc–air battery as the outstanding durable ORR catalyst. It displays a higher specific capacity (795 mAh g−1 at the current density 50 mA cm−2) and power density (175 mW cm−2) than Pt/C (731 mAh g−1 and 164 mW cm−2, respectively).


The growth of technological modernization, associated to increased specialization, has contributed to important changes in the structure and positioning of companies, with a demand for more sophisticated and more innovative instruments of intervention. Intellectual capital constitutes the source which can meet these demands and is capable of generating wealth. It is found in people, structures and customers. In this new economy, information and knowledge – the main components of intellectual capital – are the main factors in the creation of value, producing intangible assets of great importance in companies. Thus, knowledge constitutes the most important resource for companies. This paper focuses on the theme of continuous education and its repercussion on the intellectual capital of companies, as well as on its market value. Thus it aims to analyse the existing correlations between these variables. The study will focus on companies quoted on the Portuguese Stock Market in the period (2011-2013).To analyse the relationship between investment in continuous education and the market value relevance of the company's intangibles, will be used Tobin's Q (Andriessen, 2004). There is empirical evidence that intellectual capital increases companies' market value. Studies have shown that investment in training results in an increase in worker productivity which, in turn, is translated into an increase in financial performance and, consequently, on market value of the companies. The implementation of policies for continuous training is a way of disseminating individual and organizational knowledge, which can be translated into an increase in the human and intellectual capital of companies.


The search for signals of new phenomenon is an important trend in the contemporary strong interaction physics. Two observations‐color transparency and nuclear J/Ψ suppression are considered as candidates for the signals of unusual events (nonexponential attenuation of a colored hadron in nuclear matter and quark‐gluon plasma, both predicted by QCD). They were explained in the framework of Glauber approximation. On the contrary, we show that new experimental data on the total cross section of K+‐nuclei interaction at intermediate energies (IE) cannot be described by the well‐elaborated Glauber model.


Background: The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) continues to manage The Department of Defense (DoD) Residential Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Demonstration Project. This project was funded by the United States Congress for fiscal years 2001 through 2004. A fleet of 91 residential-scale PEM fuel cells, ranging in size from 1 to 5 kW, has been demonstrated at various U.S. DoD facilities around the world. Approach: The performance of the fuel cells has been monitored over a 12-month field demonstration period. A detailed analysis has been performed cataloging the component failures, investigating the mean time of the failures, and the mean time between failures. A discussion of the lifespan and failure modes of selected fuel cell components, based on component type, age, and usage will be provided. This analysis also addresses fuel cell stack life for both primary and back-up power systems. Several fuels were used throughout the demonstration, including natural gas, propane, and hydrogen. A distinction will be made on any variances in performance based on the input fuel stock. Summary: This analysis will provide an overview of the ERDC-CERL PEM demonstration fuel cell applications and the corresponding data from the field demonstrations. Special emphasis will be placed on the components, fuel cell stack life, and input fuel characteristics of the systems demonstrated.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The development and progress of information technology are advancing very rapidly, electronic medical records are one form of these developments and advances in the health sector. A hospital is a place of service in the health sector that performs services related to medical records. Medical records can be made in full and clearly in electronic (digital) form. The implementation of medical record technology can solve many problems in the economic field, clinical, and information of clinical in the hospital system. The high cost of operational and complicated procedures is a crucial problem in the hospital system. So, the advance of medical technology can press high costs, cutting off the manual process to faster and more effective system and efficiency costs of operational. The study uses Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), with many articles on the same issue. The same issues that can be found at the same topics of articles are probably more than fifty topics of articles. Articles were taken from various sources and database references, including Scopus 2 journals, Science Direct 16 journals, ProQuest 10 journals, Springer Link 3 journals, Google Scholar 36 journals, Research Gate 21 journals, PubMed 31 journals, and Emerald Insight 31 journals. So the total journal database is 133 journals. Then filtering was carried out by identifying the suitability of the journal until it was narrow and 27 articles were selected to be used as a reference in this research.. The purpose of this study is to determine the benefits of applying Electronic Medical Records in terms of economic, clinical, and access to clinical information. Some of the economic benefits include cost savings, effectiveness, and cost efficiency. Clinical benefits include reducing medical errors, improving data readability, improving the quality of care services, and increasing the productivity of medical personnel. And the benefits of accessing clinical information include improving the accessibility of patient history information, improving patient confidentiality, and assisting the decision-making process.


This paper presents the wireless bomb disposal robot which will help to improve defence of our nation from terrorist, suicide bombers and other such activities. The Wireless Bomb Disposal Robot uses a control application, at the user end to control the robot remotely using Wireless technology. The bomb technician controls the robot using this application at control site. Bomb diffusing robot which can handle simple tasks like cutting wires, flip on switches, lift light objects etc.This system makes use of robotic arm as well as robotic vehicle which helps not only to enter an area involving high risk but also to pick whatever object it wants to. Also includes night vision camera which will not only allow viewing whatever will be recorded in daytime but also during night. We are going to use servo motor as actuator


A method of generating phase noise of the wideband linear frequency-modulated (LFM) signal is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Phase noise at 10 kHz frequency offset is improved by 12 dB.


The operating characteristic of the semiconductor optical amplifier based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) all- optical add/drop multiplexer (AO-ADM) for optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) networks is analyzed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the crosstalk, the (pi) and -(pi) demultiplexing point operation are analyzed and compared. We find that, for the traditional symmetrical operation mode of the SOA-MZI, -(pi) demultiplexing point operation is favorable to have relative good extinction ratios for two output ports simultaneously. However the extinction ratio of the dropped and transmitted channels are still very limited arising from the gain dynamics of SOA and the symmetrical configuration of MZI employed. Besides, studies show that there is a large amplitude modulation (AM) in the transmitted channel originating from the gain dynamics of the SOA. To tackle these problems, the asymmetrical operation mode is proposed. Analysis shows the asymmetrical operation mode can improve the extinction ratios of the dropped and transmitted channels by optimizing the splitting ratio and the relative small signal gain ratio of the two SOAs. The AM of the transmitted channel for the asymmetrical operation is also less than that of the transmitted channel for the symmetrical operation mode.


In this paper a description is given of software tools that have been developed during the NERIS-TP project which provide the capability to users of Decision Support Systems (DSSs), such as JRODOS, to calculate their own prognostic meteorological data with the desired spatial and temporal resolution. These tools increase the flexibility of applying the DSSs for any location on the Earth. This is achieved by downloading freely available global meteorological data and downscaling them using the prognostic meteorological model WRF. The results of WRF and/or global data are uploaded to the DSS to calculate the atmospheric dispersion. The above software tools operate in an automated way, in conjunction with the DSS. In addition, data assimilation methodologies have been integrated into the Meteorological Pre-Processor of JRODOS, to correct previously calculated prognostic data on the basis of locally measured meteorological data. These data assimilation methods were successfully tested and their results increase the accuracy of the prognoses of dispersion models.


Median canaliform nail dystrophy is an unusual condition of the nail, most often affecting the thumb (1). It is characterized by a longitudinal split or canal in the nail with small transversal fissures, in a fir-tree configuration. The condition is diagnosed based on its clinical features (2, 3). While the underlying mechanism is unknown, it has been suggested that median canaliform nail dystrophy is the result of a temporary defect in the nail matrix, following dyskeratinization or focal infection, or alternatively is due to self-inflicted trauma to the nail or nail bed. Familial cases have been reported (2, 3). Spontaneous remission is often seen, but the condition can be recurrent (1). Three case reports of median canaliform nail dys-trophy as an adverse effect of acne treatment with isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) have been published (3–5). Alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid), on the other hand, is used in the treatment of severe chronic hand eczema (6–8). We report here a case of median canali-form nail dystrophy that developed in a patient treated with alitretinoin for severe hand eczema. A 53-year-old man, with a history of chronic dyshidrotic and keratotic hand and foot eczema, developed nail changes after receiving alitretinoin treatment for 16 months. The changes were most prominent on the thumbnails, where he presented median longitudinal ridging and splitting with transversal fissures. There were both horizontal and fir-tree shaped fissures among the transversal changes. Minor nail plate dystrophy was seen on the other nails, and all nails on both hands had ragged cuticles and enlarged lunulae. The patient's eczema was diagnosed in 1998 and initial treatment with topical and systemic steroids, azathioprine, metho-trexate, acitretin, cyclosporine or mycophenolate mofetil had either adverse effects or worked insufficiently. In 2008, alitreti-noin became available on the Danish market and it was prescribed to the patient in 2009. He initially received 30 mg daily, but developed adverse effects, such as headache, vertigo and universal dry skin with pruritus, after less than 1 month's treatment. A reduction in the dose was tried, first to 30 mg every third day, and later to 10 mg daily, but the adverse effects remained and the treatment was discontinued after 6 months. In 2012, the patient's eczema worsened and alitretinoin was reintroduced at a daily dose of 10 mg. After being treated with alitretinoin for 16 months, the patient developed the characteristic nail findings, which were diagnosed as median canaliform nail dystrophy (Fig. 1A). …


This article provides a method of disposing of a particulate waste that allows treatment to produce ferroaluminum. In this work the optimization of the charge composition was carried out by the planned experiment to obtain the maximum performance properties of the SHS ferroaluminum. The article presents the analysis of the conditions of formation of the ferroaluminum microstructure in the process of the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The SHS process is initiated in the mixture composed of the dispersed waste engineering. The factors influencing the formation of the alloy structure were brought out.


We study quantum spin chains exhibiting long-range order in the presence of quasiperiodic interactions which are modulating functions of sites. The magnetic phase transition to long-range order is shown to accompany a transition from critical to localized states. The presence of more than one harmonic in the modulating interactions results in a cascade of transitions characterized by the vanishing of the gap and sharp peaks in the total bandwidth and free energy.


Unlike many regional archaeologies the study of Egypt has always had widespread appeal, from archaeologists to Afrocentrists, orientalists to occultists. According to one web-site, 'Egypt dominates the history of the world.' This ever-popular fascination has spilled over into the electronic media since the inception of the Internet. Thus, Egypt proves to be a telling casestudyin net politics and potentialities. Simply typing the word 'Egypt' into a Web searcher elicits over 1 million sites, and the content of that material runs the gamut from scholarly resources closely matching those known in print to fringe sites and sci-fi web pages. This makes electronic Egypt an intellectual and ethical minefield for the uninitiated, especially as there proves often little to differentiate between this panoply of sites in terms of presentation and professionality. It palpably illustrates the homogenization of knowledge on the net and prompts us to consider the construction of archaeology and archaeological knowledges.


Parallel Darcy―Forchheimer flow in a horizontal porous layer with an isothermal top boundary and a bottom boundary, which is subject to a third kind boundary condition, is discussed by taking into account the effect of viscous dissipation. This effect causes a nonlinear temperature profile within the layer. The linear stability of this nonisothermal base flow is then investigated with respect to the onset of convective rolls. The third kind boundary condition on the bottom boundary plane may imply adiabatic/isothermal conditions on this plane when the Biot number is either zero (adiabatic) or infinite (isothermal). The solution of the linear equations for the perturbation waves is determined by using a fourth order Runge―Kutta scheme in conjunction with a shooting technique. The neutral stability curve and the critical value of the governing parameter R=GePe 2 are obtained, where Ge is the Gebhart number and Pe is the Peclet number. Different values of the orientation angle between the direction of the basic flow and the propagation axis of the disturbances are also considered.


The invention relates to a sensor (7) for outputting a sensor signal (10, 11, 12) based on a measured variable to be detected (9), comprising: - a wiring support (26), and - an at least partially by an adhesive (33) on the wiring substrate (26) glued and wired sensor circuit (25) for outputting the sensor signal (10, 11, 12) based on the to be detected measurement variable (9), - wherein an elastic modulus of the adhesive (33) of a modulus of elasticity of the wiring substrate (26) depends.


Most retinoblastomas manifest themselves as leukocoria or strabismus, with other signs being much less common. Orbital cellulitis is now rarely seen as a presenting sign of retinoblastoma, except in underdeveloped countries.' The authors report on a 13q (-) genotype baby with bilateral retinoblastoma, who presented with unilateral orbital cellulitis and opaque ocular media.


In this paper, a on-chip reconfigurable reflectarray (RRA) for 2-D beam-steering at W-band is designed, fabricated and tested. Beam steering can be realized by RRA, with the ability of shifting reflective phase by integrating tunable devices. In our work, the GaAs based chip process is used for a RRA integrated with p-i-n diode at W-band, to guarantee precision and improve flexibility. One 16×16 RRA prototype at W-band with each elements individually in control is fabricated at W-band. The beam steering is experimentally demonstrated using a near-field measurement system, showing ±10° beam steering in E-plane and 10° beam steering in H-plane.


Let τM be a preradical on the category σ[M ] for some module M . A module N ∈ σ[M ] is called τM -semiregular in σ[M ] if for all n ∈ N , there exists a decomposition N = A ⊕ B such that A is a projective submodule of nR and nR ∩ B ⊆ τM (N). We prove that if N ∈ σ[M ] is a projective module, then N is τM -semiregular if and only if N is finitely τM -supplemented and that τM (N) is quasi finitely strongly lifting (for short QFSL) if and only if every finitely generated submodule of N/τM (N) is a direct summand and τM (N) is QFSL. Furthermore, it is shown that if N ∈ σ[M ] is a τM -semiregular module, then N is finitely refinable if and only if every submodule of τM (N) is QFSL in N if and only if every finitely generated submodule of τM (N) is DM in N . MSC 2010. 16D10, 16D80, 16D40.


Underwater communication applications extensively use localization services for object identification. Because of their significant impact on ocean exploration and monitoring, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) are becoming increasingly popular, and acoustic communications have largely overtaken radio frequency broadcasts as the dominant means of communication. The two localization methods that are most frequently employed are those that estimate the angle of arrival and the time difference of arrival. The military and civilian sectors rely heavily on UWSN for object identification in the underwater environment. As a result, there is a need in UWSN for an accurate localization technique that accounts for dynamic nature of the underwater environment. Time and position data are the two key parameters to accurately define the position of an object. Moreover, due to climate change there is now a need to constrain energy consumption by UWSN to limit carbon emission to meet net‐zero target by 2050. To meet these challenges, we have developed an efficient localization algorithm for determining an object position based on the angle and distance of arrival of beacon signals. We have considered the factors like sensor nodes not being in time sync with each other and the fact that the speed of sound varies in water. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach can achieve great localization accuracy while accounting for temporal synchronization inaccuracies. When compared to existing localization approaches, the mean estimation error (MEE) (MEE) and energy consumption figures, the proposed approach outperforms them. The MEEs is shown to vary between 84.2154 and 93.8275 m for four trials, 61.2256 and 92.7956 m for eight trials, and 42.6584 and 119.5228 m for 12 trials. Comparatively, the distance‐based measurements show higher accuracy than the angle‐based measurements.


In the article the problems of preparation the future teachers of physical education are examined to forming schoolchildren's culture of health. It opens up the maintenance of the special course Culture of Health in the structure of professional preparation of students of physical education to forming the high level of schoolchildren's culture of health.


Impact noise isolation measurements and evaluation are traditionally defined and considered for vertical adjacencies exclusively, where the impact source is located in the space above the receiving room. ASTM E1007 has specific protocols, procedures and methods for the measurements and analysis of the data collected. However, impact noise transmission into the receiving room laterally adjacent to the source room (i.e., on the same floor) is important in some conditions (e.g., condominiums, apartments, and hotels). The existing standard provides no guidance for performing a lateral impact noise isolation measurement. The authors have developed methods and practices for performing this measurement. These are presented along with a selection of results demonstrating potential issues, criteria, and mitigation.


In this paper, we try to show where and why quantum mechanics went wrong – and why and when the job of both the academic physicist as well as the would-be student of quantum mechanics turned into calculating rather than explaining what might or might not be happening. Modern quantum physicists effectively resemble econometrists modeling input-output relations: if they are lucky, they will get some kind of mathematical description of what goes in and what goes out, but the math does not tell them how stuff actually happens. To show what an actual explanation might look like, we bring the Zitterbewegung electron model and our photon model together to provide a classical explanation of Compton scattering of photons by electrons so as to show what electron-photon interference might actually be: two electromagnetic oscillations interfering (classically) with each other. While developing the model, we also offer some reflections on the nature of the Uncertainty Principle. Finally, we also offer a brief history of the bad ideas which led to the current mess in physics.


authority officials' deep commitment to their work and they describe intersectoral collaboration as an important factor for success in promoting newly arrived migrants' health.


Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor for women, which has been ranked first in women' s cancer-related death. The objectives of the study are to uncover the underlying mechanisms of combination therapy of epirubicin with miR-17-5p in breast cancer. Methods: The expression levels of miR-17-5p were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. The survival rate of MCF-7 cell was detected respectively by MTT assay. The expression levels of miR-17-5p in MCF-7 cell was tested respectively with Ep via quantitative RT-PCR. miR-17-5p was to be transected with miR-17-5p mimic and negative control of miR-17-5p mimic (NC). Quantitative RT-PCR, MTT assay, flow cytometry assay, western blot for the proliferation and apoptosis related proteins were performed to determine the function of miR-17-5p in breast cancer cells. The bioinformatic programs TargetScan was used to predict the targets for miR-17-5p. Luciferase reporter gene assay system was used to validate and determine the targets of miR-17-5p. The relation between targets protein levels in breast cancer cells was investigated by western blot. Results: The expression levels of miR-17-5p was associated with the breast cancer tissues. The levels of miR-17-5p was down-regulated in breast cancer tissues and cells. Ep could inhibit viability of cancer cells in a concentration dependent manner and promote the expression of miR-17-5p in breast cancer cell lines. Over-expression of miR-17-5p induced cell apoptosis and upregulated the expression of p53, p21 and p27. miR-17-5p co-cultured with Ep is better than the other groups. The relative luciferase activity revealed that STAT3 was a potential target gene of miR-17-5p. Conclusions: Our work will prove that epirubicin regulated the expression of miR-17-5p to strengthen this effect of epirubicin and inhibited the progression of breast cancer.


Migraine sufferers have an increased risk of developing white matter (WM) lesions on MRI. There is a suggestion that these lesions are ischemic but the true etiology is unknown. The natural history and clinical consequence of these lesions is also not understood. If these are brain infarctions then what does that mean for the neurologic health for the multitude of individuals who suffer from migraine? Several recent reports have suggested these lesions may reverse which would call into question an ischemic etiology. Brain MRIs (Figs. 1 and 2) of a chronic migraine patient (normotensive with mild hyperlipidemia) taken 5 months apart are presented showing resolution of 2 right-sided WM lesions on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging. During this time period the patient was on no specific migraine acute or preventive treatment and on no antiplatelet therapy. She had a normal CT angiogram of the intraand extracranial blood vessels and negative testing for a coagulopthy. This imaging finding further suggests that the WM lesions of migraine in some patients are not static and may resolve. This could be a comforting fact to the millions of individuals who have migraine and who are worried that they will at some point develop strokes. Post-mortem pathology samples, however, are needed to define the etiology of these lesions but the fact that they may reverse would suggest a more benign condition than brain ischemia.


The thermophysical properties of BaTiO3-based ferroelectric ceramics were investigated using the photoacoustic frequency transmission method. The photoacoustic amplitude signals as a function of modulating frequency, for various sample thicknesses, were measured and fitted with theoretically calculated spectra. Obtained data show the presence of thermal wave diffraction within the sample. The change of the thermal diffusivity vs the modulating frequency is also discussed.


The invention provides an improved structure of a multilayered flexible printed circuit board (PCB). The improved structure of the multilayered flexible PCB comprises a first shielding layer, a second shielding layer and a plurality of circuit layers which are arranged in a laminated manner, wherein the circuit layers are arranged between the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer, each circuit layer comprises a data signal line and a grounding wire, and the grounding wires of the respective circuit layers are communicated with each other; and the improved structure of the multilayered flexible PCB is characterized in that the first shielding layer is a copper foil layer, and the grounding wires are communicated with the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer. The improved structure of the multilayered flexible PCB has the advantages of quite ideal grounding effect, antistatic capacity and shielding effect.


Between November, 1987, and March, 1988, the Iowa Safety Restraint Assessment study collected details on injuries and the use of safety restraints in


This article locates Ann Petry's work within a different literary tradition than social realism, placing her in counterpoint to the existential phenomenology of contemporaneous writers such as Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Frantz Fanon. Examining a key sequence in her final novel, The Narrows (1953), the author shows how Petry's work calls for and models a Black existentialist reading practice that is in productive tension with the prescriptive protocols of social protest literature—then and now—and invites us to read for choices within situations rather than determining environments or ontological foreclosures.


The use of food in the body is now fairly well understood, and the composition of all familiar food material is known. The cold, hard, mathematical basis for dietetics has therefore been laid, but the ability to calculate and balance rations is not enough for the successful physician. He should remind himself occasionally of the counsel set forth by a well known authority:1"Much of the feeding in the treatment of disease must rest on clinical experience, for the personal equation always enters into the picture, and it will always be true that certain individuals will not react to food stimuli in a normal way, idiosyncrasy playing a not inconsiderable role. Since this is true in health, how much greater the variation in disease when one considers that all people differ in their habits, environment, age, activity of gland and susceptibility to certain food elements." A consideration of the


New research strategies for living nervous system research are described. These employ rapid interactive computer processes for such basic functions as experiment control, data abstraction, and the on-line interpretation of nervous system functions.


The Nelder-Mead Algorithm (NMA) is an almost half-century old method for numerical optimization, and it is a close relative of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE). In recent work, PSO, DE and NMA have been generalized using a formal geometric framework that treats solution representations in a uniform way. These formal algorithms can be used as templates to derive rigorously specific PSO, DE and NMA for both continuous and combinatorial spaces retaining the same geometric interpretation of the search dynamics of the original algorithms across representations. In previous work, a geometric NMA was derived for the binary string representation. In this paper, we advance this line of research and derive formally a specific NMA for the permutation representation. The result is a Nelder-Mead Algorithm searching the space of permutations by acting directly on this representation. We present initial experimental results for the new algorithm on the Traveling Salesman Problem. The peculiar geometry of the permutation space seems to affect the performance of the geometric NMA that does not perform as well as the NMA for the binary string representation. We present a discussion about the nature of permutation spaces that seeks to explain this phenomenon. Further study is required to understand if this is a fundamental limitation of the application of the geometric NMA to permutation spaces.


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). A dysfunctional CFTR in the airway epithelium results in dehydrated and viscous mucus, leading to infection, inflammation, obstruction, and damage to the airways, and ultimately to premature death. CF manifests early in childhood and spirometry is the standard tool to monitor the pulmonary status of patients. Despite being portable and cheap, spirometry has some important limitations, including physical effort when performing the test, difficulties in executing it in toddlers, variabilities within the same individual according to her/his condition, and insensitivity to mild disease. To overcome some of these shortcomings, techniques were developed to measure lung function in an effortindependent manner. The most advanced among them is the multiple breath washout (MBW) method relying on assessment of the lung clearance index (LCI) to quantify the disease status. The LCI indirectly measures ventilation inhomogeneity and, with appropriate coaching, can be performed in younger children. Despite its higher sensitivity to detect early disease compared to spirometry and proven usefulness in clinical studies of CF therapies, it remains to be determined whether MBW/LCI can be routinely adopted in the clinic. There is a need for objective tests that can capture and track preclinical CF lung disease, and imaging with its capacity to provide regional information is an important alternative. Chest X-ray enables scoring systems that correlate with disease progression, but similar to spirometry, it unfortunately lacks sensitivity to detect early disease. Computerized tomography (CT) is the reference standard imaging technique to monitor CF, providing scores that correlate with the disease status. Despite the availability of low-dose scans, the adoption of CT for repetitive assessment of CF disease status remains a challenge, notably in children. Based on its ability to provide anatomical and functional information, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to be a game-changer in CF monitoring. Several powerful MRI techniques based on the detection of protons in the presence or absence of contrast material as well as hyperpolarized gas imaging exist for assessment of lung disease (see Ref. 4 for a review). However, in order to be truly useful, especially in the context of a pediatric population, 1) administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents due to potential risks associated with their accumulation in the body and 2) complicated maneuvers of gas inspiration requiring good patient compliance should be avoided. Assessment of lung T1 relaxation times, which are influenced by the local environment of protons in tissue and capillary blood, is an interesting option, as it avoids both of the aforementioned points. Lung T1 has been shown to be not only shortened but also correlated with spirometry and perfusion abnormalities in CF patients. A difficulty of T1 assessments is the possible interference of respiratory and cardiac movements. This might be addressed by, eg, triggering data acquisition with an electrocardiogram (ECG) during multiple breath-hold phases. Although such a procedure was successful in a pilot study in CF children, performing acquisitions under spontaneous respiration is obviously preferable. Adoption of ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging enables the determination of relaxation times in the lungs of individuals breathing freely, without ECG gating. Moreover, using a UTE sequence allowing acquisition at several echo times (TEs), Triphan et al demonstrated lung T1 to depend on TE in healthy volunteers. They hypothesized that such a dependence might allow differentiating the influence of tissue composition from blood volume fraction on T1, thus providing additional information beyond perfusion. Recently (Triphan et al, this issue), this approach was applied at 1.5T to 75 CF patients across the pediatric age range (infant to adult), and T1 as a function of TE (T1(TE)) was compared to a CF-MRI score, clinical data, and LCI. The data suggest that the T1 dependence on TE contains information that may help to discern tissue structural changes at the tissue level and abnormal perfusion in CF patients.


The meroterpenoid hyperforin is responsible for the antidepressant activity of St John's wort extracts but the genes controlling its biosynthesis are unknown. Based on genome mining and biochemical work, we characterize two biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that encode the first three steps in biosynthesis of hyperforin precursors. Syntenic and phylogenetic analyses indicate that the two BGCs were parallelly assembled. The syntenous BGC in Mesua ferrea indicates that the first cluster was assembled before the divergence of Hypericaceae-Calophyllaceae families. The assembly of the second cluster is the result of a coalescence between genomic fragments after a major duplication event. The differences between the two BGCs in gene expression, response to methyl-jasmonate, substrate specificity, and subcellular localization of key enzymes suggest that the presence of the two clusters could serve to generate separate pools of precursors. The parallel assembly of two BGCs with similar composition in a single plant species is uncommon and our work provides insights into how and when these gene clusters form. Our discovery assists to understand the evolution of plant specialized metabolism and its genomic organization. Additionally, our results offer a basis for the full elucidation of hyperforin biosynthesis, and future metabolic engineering applications.


In this chapter, the surface and bulk interactions of antimony with the Ni-based anodes in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) will be discussed. High fuel flexibility is a significant advantage of SOFCs, allowing the direct use of fossil and bio fuels without a hydrogen separation unit. Synthesis gas derived from coal and biomass consists of a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and steam, but finite amounts of tars and trace impurities such as S, Se, P, As, Sb, Cd, Pb, Cl, etc, are also always present. While synthesis gas is commonly treated with a series of chemical processes and scrubbers to remove the impurities, complete purification is not economical. Antimony is widely distributed in coals. During coal gasification antimony is volatilized, such that contact with the SOFC anodes and other SOFC parts, e.g., interconnect, current collecting wires, fuel gas supplying tubing, is most likely. This chapter addresses the following topics: high temperature Ni - Sb interactions; alteration phase, Ni3Sb, Ni5Sb2, NiSb, formation; thermochemical modeling; impact of Sb on the electrocatalytic activity of Ni toward the fuel oxidation and the presence of other impurities (sulfur, in particular); converted anode structural instability during long-term SOFC operation; comparison with nickel heterogeneousmore » catalysts.« less


Abstract : This is an analysis of three dimensional surface waves which occur in a vessel of rectangular cross section and finite depth. The linearized problem has double eigenvalues for particular combinations of the parameters. It is shown that eight solution branches of finite amplitude are emitted by the double eigenvalues. Splitting of the double eigenvalues results in a secondary bifurcation. The direction of the emitted branches for the multiple and secondary bifurcation changes with the depth of the fluid. Finally it is shown that the formal solutions obtained are not uniformly valid and an additional expansion in the region of non-uniformity shows that the wave field changes type. One possibility in this region is a field of three dimensional cnoidal standing waves.


Usage of software platforms alongside the business transformation potential of information and communication technology enables cooperation between different companies in both open and networked environments. This is possible when multiple actors cooperate in the delivery of services; each one contributes its own resources, and there is an underlying attractive business model for all of the players involved. This research paper investigates the definition process of a cooperative business model, which involves partners from different countries with different levels of technology, different markets, and different statutory regulations. The aim of this paper is to contribute to both theory and practice by introducing an approach for a cooperative business model definition that can be used in instances where there are conflicting requirements of partners who are willing to cooperate. In the case which is analyzed in this paper, the premature identification of the exploitation alternative scenarios among partners, the adoption of a perspective based on customers' needs by the means of the business episode concept, and the usage of the business model ontology for the description of the structure of the cooperative business model, have helped the different partners to successfully converge to a common and agreed solution.

To cite this document: Alessio Maria Braccini, Paolo Spagnoletti, and Alessandro D'Atri, "Defining cooperative business models for interorganizational cooperation", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.3, No.2, pp. 229-249, 2012.

Permanent link to this document:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1093


The purpose of this study was to suggest the improvement of the Mountainous Landscape Impact Review(MLIR) system for the conservation and eco-friendly use of mountain scenery. In order to understand the status of the MLIR system, a comparative analysis was conducted of the MLIR official guidelines and the 100 MLIR reports submitted to the Korea Forest Service from 2011 to 2013. In addition, an Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) was conducted to take into account stakeholder opinions and to determine the first priorities to be improved upon in operation and functions of the MLIR system. The results of the IPA in evaluating the MLIR system showed that the components in the MLIR system that should be primarily improved are mountainous landscape resource inventory, objective and quantitative selection of viewpoints, and a checklist for examining the damage expected in mountainous lands. To Revitalize the Mountainous Landscape Impact Review system, the professional knowledge and experience of the stakeholders should be enhanced by education and training in the MLIR system over the short-term, while the effective functioning of the MLIR system should be reinforced by differentiation and connectivity of the MLIR system with similar institutions, and by emphasizing the uniqueness and properties of mountainous landscapes over the long-term.


To support the enforceability of character education, schools should be conditioned as a major supporter of activities especially in SMP Negeri 9 Banjarbaru.  Character education can also be demonstrated in the behavior and attitudes of teachers in providing. Teachers are expected to be the role models for their students.  This study used a qualitative research method, which gives an idea of character education in teaching social science in SMP Negeri 9 Banjarbaru.  Data collection techniques in the study were interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the study character education in schools is also strongly associated with the management of the school, how the character education is adequately planned, implemented, and evaluated in the educational activities in schools.  Therefoe, the character education should be combaining by many values, such us: religious, honesty, tolerance, discipline, curiosity, achievement appreciation, environmental care, social care, and responsibility. Keywords : character education and social studies learning.


Bifunctional thiourea-catalyzed asymmetric addition of several nucleophiles with nitrones, imines, and electron-deficient unsaturated compounds is described. These urea and thioureacatalysts were designed and synthesized based on the mechanism of hydrolytic enzymes. By taking advantage of the strong hydrogen-bonding ability of diaryl thioureas, several electrophiles such as nitrones and aldehydes were revealed to be activated in the reactions with TMSCN and ketene silyl acetals. In addition, we discovered that use of bifunctional thioureas bearing a tertiary amino group significantly expanded the applicability of the thiourea-catalyzed enantioselective nucleophilic addition by the simultaneous activation of both nucleophiles and electrophiles. These organocatalyzed asymmetric reactions were successfully applied to the concise asymmetric synthesis of natural products and medical supplies such as epibatidine, baclofen, and CP-99,994. 1 . Introduction Over the past decade, it has been established that small organic molecules, called organocatalysts, can be used as efficient catalysts for various organic reactions) Such organocatalysts do not contain any metals, and are therefore advantageous from environmental as well as resource perspectives. From a mechanistic point of view, organocatalysts are sometimes regarded as artificial enzymes. Due to the recent progress in this research area, some enzymatic reactions can be reproduced or mimicked in terms of chemical yield and even stereoselectivity by using organocatalysts. In both enzymeand organocatalyst-mediated reactions, hydrogenbonding is a powerful and essential tool for activating Lewis basic substrates. Therefore, much effort has been directed toward the development of new Bronsted acid catalysts, which has led to the discovery of several types of hydrogen-bonding donors such as ureas/thioureas,2,3 diols,4 and phosphoric acids.5 Urea and thiourea derivatives have been intensively investigated in the area of molecular recognition due to their strong hydrogen-bonding activity.6 They can be used to recognize carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, nitrates, and others through multi-hydrogen bonding interaction. On the other hand, since Kelly and Etter reported that urea and thiourea not only recognized organic compounds but also activated them as a general acid catalyst,7 novel urea and thiourea derivatives have been developed for a variety of diastereoand enantioselective reactions and their versatility as a general acid has been successfully demonstrated by several groups.8-1° However, the application of these catalysts to enantioselective reactions seems to be somewhat limited, because ureas are weaker acids than metallic Lewis acids. Therefore, we recently designed and prepared a bifunctional thiourea catalyst bearing a tertiary amino group to overcome this problem (Figure 1), and demonstrated that such a catalyst was effective for use in catalytic asymmetric nucleophilic additions. After our report, the dual-activation protocol of electrophile and nucleophile by bifunctional ureas has been shown to be general and applicable to a variety of asymmetric reactions." In this account, we offer a comprehensive overview of our recent studies on bifunctional urea/thioureamediated asymmetric nucleophilic reactions. 2 . Thiourea-catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition with Nitrones Having the negatively charged oxygen atom, nitrones are known to coordinate effectively to the metallic Lewis acids to be activated. Similarly, it is reasonable to consider that two N-H bonds of ureas and thioureas would interact with the oxygen of nitrone concurrently through the hydrogen-bonding. Then we investigated the thiourea-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of TMSCN and ketene silyl acetals to nitrones. 2 . 1 Nucleophilic Addition of TMSCN to Nitrones We initially carried out the reaction of 6-methyl-2,3,4,5tetrahydropyridine N-oxide la and TMSCN (5 equiv.) in the presence of 0.5 equiv. of ureas or thioureas in CH2C12 at -78°C (Scheme 1).12 Although even the uncatalyzed reaction of la with TMSCN proceeded slowly (300 min), both amide 3a and urea 3b accelerated the cyanation moderately to give the desired product 2a within 180 and 90 min, respectively. Furthermore, the reaction rate dramatically increased when thioureas 4a-c were used as the catalyst. These results indicate that positive correlation is observed between the acidity of the N-H bond of thioureas and their catalytic activity. To ascertain the generality of this reaction, a wide range Figure 1. Design of bifunctional thioureas bearing an amino group. Vol.64 No.11 2006 ( 33 ) 1139 of cyclic and acyclic nitrones were subjected to the reaction with the best catalyst 4c (Table 1). In all cases, the cyanation was efficiently accelerated in the presence of 4c, giving the corresponding adducts in good yields. The advantage of ureas as organocatalyst is the easiness of recycling and reuse. In the reaction of nitrone la with TMSCN, thiourea 4c was recovered quantitatively and no loss of activity was observed on using the recovered thiourea (2nd; 20 min, 76%, 3rd; 20 min, 86%). 2 . 2 Nucleophilic Addition of Ketene Silyl Acetals to Nitrones The reaction of nitrones 1 with ketene silyl acetals 5a-c was examined (Table 2).12 Reactions of various nitrones with ketene silyl acetal 5a derived from ethyl acetate were catalyzed by thiourea 4c, giving rise to 1,2-isoxazolidin-5-ones 6 in moderate to good yields. It should be noted that no or a negligible amount of the desired adducts was obtained without 4c in all cases. In addition, the reaction with sterically hindered ketene silyl acetals 5b-c took place smoothly to afford the corresponding adducts possessing tertiary and quaternary carbon centers. Moreover, reduction of the amount of 4c from 0.5 to 0.1 equiv. did not affect the results of the reaction of 1 with 5a-c. 3 . Chiral Bifunctional Amino Thiourea-catalyzed Reactions At the time we started this study, several enantioselective nucleophilic additions catalyzed by chiral urea/thiourea derivatives had been already reported by Jacobsen's group.9a-d However, the application of these catalysts to enantioselective reactions seems to be somewhat limited due to their weak acidity compared with that of metallic Lewis acids. Furthermore, there is only limited information on how to design a chiral urea/thiourea catalyst for asymmetric reactions. As an answer to these problems, we prepared a wide range of ureas and thioureas bearing a tertiary amino group in expectation of their dual activation13 of both electrophiles and nucleophiles to promote several nucleophilic addition reactions. 3 . 1 Preparation of Bifunctional Amino Thiourea Catalysts Based on the results of the nucleophilic reaction with nitrones, a variety of bifunctional amino thioureas such as 7a-c were designed and synthesized by the replacement of the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group of bisaryl thiourea 4c by cyclic and acyclic 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethane derivatives as a chiral scaffold.14 To compare the reactivity Scheme 1. Rate acceleration of the cyanation by amide and ureas. Table 1 . Thiourea-catalyzed addtion of TMSCN to various nitrones. Table 2 . Thiourea-catalyzed addition of ketene silyl acetals to various nitrones. Figure 2 . Bifunctional thioureas 7a-c and amide 7d. 1140 ( 34 ) J . Synth . Org . Chem . , Jpn . and selectivity between thiourea and amide, bifunctional amide 7d was also prepared. From an X-ray crystallographic structure of 7a, both the dimethylamino group and the thiourea moiety of 7a are revealed to be located in equatorial positions on a chair-formed cyclohexane ring of the catalyst. That means that 7a has an ideal conformation for the dual activation of both nucleophiles and electrophiles. 3 . 2 Enantioselective Michael Addition of 1,3—Dicarbonyl Compounds to Nitroolefins We initially examined the Michael reaction15 of ,ƒÀnitrostyrene 8 with 2 equiv of diethyl malonate in toluene with 10 mol% of catalysts 7a-d (Table 3, entry 1).14 As expected, thiourea 7a gave the best results in terms of chemical yield and enantioselectivity. These results indicated that both rigidity of the chiral diamine scaffold and cooperative function of two N-H bonds in the catalyst were crucial for the enantioselective Michael reaction. In addition, 1,3-diketone and ƒÀ-ketoesters as well as a-substituted malonates could be used as a nucleophile to give the corresponding addition adducts 10 in good yields with 89-94% ee (entries 2-7). It should be noted that the reaction with prochiral nucleophiles such as a-substituted ƒÀ-ketoesters also occurred in good diastereoand enantioselective manner, resulting in the construction of contiguous stereogenic centers containing a chiral quaternary carbon (entries 8-10). Baclofen is a lipophilic analogue of GABA ƒÁ-aminobutylic acid), and it is widely used as an antispastic agent. Although baclofen is commercialized in its racemic form, it has been reported that its biological activity resides exclusively in the (R)-enantiomer. We therefore applied the Michael reaction for the synthesis of (R)-(-)-b aclof en (Scheme 2).14 The reaction of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde with nitromethane, Figure 3. X-Ray crystallographic structure of 7a. Scheme 2. Total synthesis of (R)-baclofen. Table 3. Thiourea-catalyzed Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds 9 to J3-nitrostyrene 8. Vol.64 No.11 2006 ( 35 ) 1141 and subsequent dehydration of the resultant alcohol provided nitroolefin 11, which was reacted with diethyl malonate in the presence of 10 mol% of 7a to afford the adduct 12 in 80% yield with 94% ee. Enantiomerically pure 12 (>99% ee) was obtained after single recrystallization from hexane and EtOAc. Reduction of 12 with nickel borite was followed by successive hydrolysis with NaOH and 6N HC1, affording enantiomerically pure (R)-(-)-baclofen as its hydrochloric salt with 38% overall yield in 6 steps from 4-chlorobenzaldehyde. 3 . 3 Asymmetric Synthesis of 4-


Algorithms for retrieval of geophysical parameters
from radiances measured by instruments onboard satellites play a
large role in helping scientists monitor the state of the planet.
Current retrieval algorithms based on neural networks are superior
in accuracy and speed compared to physics-based algorithms like
iterated minimum variance (IMV). However, they do not have any form
of error estimation, unlike IMV. This thesis examines the
suitability of several different approaches to adding in confidence
intervals and other methods of error estimation to the retrieval
algorithm, as well as alternative machine learning methods that can
both retrieve the parameters desired and assign error bars. Test
datasets included both current generation operational instruments
like AIRS/AMSU, as well as a hypothetical future hyper- spectral
microwave sounder. Mixture density networks (MDN) and Sparse Pseudo
Input Gaussian processes (SPGP) were found to be the most accurate
at variance prediction. Both of these are novel methods in the
field of remote sensing. MDNs also had similar training and testing
time to neural networks, while SPGPs often took three times as long
to train in typical cases. As a baseline, neural networks trained
to estimate variance were also tested, but found to be lacking in
accuracy and reliability compared to the other
methods.


After the tax-sharing reform,the local tax has become the main source of local government income.The steady growth of local tax has important sense to improve the supply of local public goods.The study shows that,the local economy development level,economic operating ways and tax system structure all have important impact on the efficiency of tax collection and management.


Breeding, with a particular emphasis on cereals, over th last half century has resulted in significant improvements in overall production (Murphy et al., 2008). The increases in yield have largely been achieved by an improvement in the agronomic conditions, a d a corresponding adaptation of varieties to those conditions (e.g. Ceccarelli, 1996). However these d v lopments take place in line with the rise of oil-based inputs in agriculture and organic farmers are largel y constrained to the use of these cereal varieties that have been bred for conventional producti on systems.


This report describes a case of Fanconi's syndrome, with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae. Fanconi's syndrome is characterized by pancytopenia and multiple congenital anomalies. Cardiovascular abnormalities, however, have not been frequently associated. This is believed to be the first reported instance of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae and Fanconi's syndrome.


We have numerically evaluated the energy of several kinds of wave functions considered to be candidate ground states of the two-dimensional {ital t}-{ital J} model at various hole densities. We searched a parameter space which includes {ital d}-wave and {ital s}-wave superconductivity and spin-density-wave ordering as well as the projected Fermi-liquid state. Coexistence of different orderings, such as the {ital s}+{ital id} state and {ital d}-wave spin-density-wave state, were found to be stable states. We find a phase diagram in the density-{ital t}/{ital J} plane which has coexistence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity at very low hole concentrations and superconductivity up to rather high values of density---about 40%. At intermediate concentrations, the time-reversal symmetry-breaking {ital s}+{ital id} state is found.


The present invention discloses a square fiber optic image element structure, comprising: a single fiber square, the square end face of the core glass in the four corners thereof are chamfered square; a composite optical fiber end face of the square, including vertically and horizontally close a plurality of square arrays of single fibers, single fiber spatial any of the four squares surrounded with a common apex constituting the light-absorbing glass wool jack, may be inserted into a plurality of light absorbing glass strands according to need; secondary composite optical fiber end faces was "10" shape, comprising a plurality of press "ten" closely spaced shaped primary composite fiber, the second plurality of composite fibers according to "flowers" chevron arrangement with each other. The present invention may be prepared by conventional processes, and the CCD device with high coupling efficiency. The present invention can be widely used in military and civilian areas low light level imaging, high speed photography and X-ray imaging.


Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection represents a serious health risk, especially in chronically ill people. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic immune-mediated neurological disease. Vaccinations play an important role in the therapeutic MS management. This study aimed at determining MS patients' attitudes toward vaccinations and governmental measures before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, including associations with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methods: In a longitudinal, multicenter study, 200 MS patients were investigated regarding their vaccination attitudes before and after the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data on vaccination status and burden (physical, psychological, and social) experienced as caused by the pandemic and related governmental safety measures were registered. Results: Patients with progressive MS felt significantly more pandemic-burdened than patients with relapsing-onset MS (p < 0.001). Older patients were more frequently willing to get vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 than younger patients (p < 0.001). After the first pandemic wave, patients with pre-pandemic willingness to comply with vaccination recommendations were more likely to accept recommended standard vaccinations (60% vs. 36%) and a possible SARS-CoV-2 vaccination than pre-pandemic nonwilling patients (66.7% vs. 42.0%). Conclusions: The vaccination topic was not immediately present in many patients before the pandemic. MS patients need comprehensive and understandable education meeting their concerns using evidence-based and convincing arguments on the subject of vaccination, particularly younger patients. Older patients are already more often willing to become vaccinated. Complete vaccination status is necessary to avoid multiple infections.


Abstract : Though the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) prohibits the development production and stockpiling of biological and toxin weapons, during the war in Croatian we saw unknown artificial materials, which appeared to be like spider cobwebs. We expect that during the peace time domestic and international acts of terrorism may use chemical and biological pathogens with such an ideal delivery device as the cobweb with their polyvalent characteristics. Today the terrorists use very sophisticate chemical and biological weapons and such as anthrax, sarin or cyanides. In our approach we review delivery device and packaging of biological agents, and we address the technical difficulties in maintaining chemical and biological agents.


The text presents a balance of the Historia Unisinos for the quadrennium 2013-2016, in order to establish a diagnosis of the situation of the Journal in the period. Among the constructed data, we can list: number of published manuscripts and their provenance; institutional links of authors; average times of submission, acceptance and publication, and index of endogeny. Along with this survey, relevant information is brought to cover the recent changes in its editorial policy, in view of the current challenges posed by the scientific publication system in the country, as well as compliance with the guidelines established by the History department of CAPES in last years. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the debate about the conditions of production and, mainly, the conditions of circulation of scientific knowledge in the disciplinary field of History, seeking to offer subsidies for the construction of future specific policies. Keywords: Historia Unisinos , journal, editorial policy, diagnosis, evaluation.


In this thesis, taking into account the minimum requirements of regulations and standards that address lighting of residential premises with daylight, software DIALux was used to analyze the impact of glazing inclination on the illuminance of a hypothetical space (average illuminance, daylight factor DF, illumination uniformity ratio U0). For each window inclination, illuminance was calculated for three different orientations (N, S, E) and three sky types (CIE Clear, Averaged Intermediate and Overcast). Furthermore, we have determined with an accuracy of ± 0.10 percentage points, the appropriate glazing area for each window inclination that results in equivalent illuminance as in the case of the baseline. By analizing the simulation results, we have shown that in order to achieve a sufficient level of illumination, roof window openings do not require such large areas as vertically positioned ones. To optimize the Rules on Minimum Technical Requirements for the Construction of Residential Buildings and Dwellings, we propose requirements that would separately take into account
the impact of vertical and roof glazing.


While Türkiye became the guarantor state in Cyprus with the Zurich and London Treaties, that role gave Türkiye the opportunity to follow the developments in Cyprus closely and even wanted to organize a military operation to prevent the massacres of the Greeks against the Turks in 1963 and 1967. However, it had to face the obstacles of the USA and the UN at first. On 15 July 1974, following the Nikos Sampson coup in Cyprus, the Hellenic Republic of Cyprus was proclaimed. Türkiye, as a guarantor state against this fait accompli, had to organize a military operation on 20 July 1974. The developments in Cyprus became the most important news topic in the local press as well as in the national press, and Şark Telgraf newspaper, the only local newspaper of Muş in those years, covered the issue extensively in its columns. Present research purports how the I. and II. Cyprus Peace Operations, the Geneva Negotiations and subsequent development were reflected to Muş public by the newspaper, and its attitudes towards the events. For this purpose, the copies of the newspaper between 15 July and 15 September 1974 were reviewed, the newspaper was taken as the main data source.


In order to meet the requirements for low temperature co-fired ceramic devices at high frequency range, the sintering behavior, microstructure evolution, dielectric and magnetic properties of composites were investigated by varying the ratios of BaTiO3 to BaFe12O19 ferrite and additions of Bi2O3. In this paper, our results indicated that the BaTiO3 can adjust the structure and magnetic properties of the composites sintering at low temperature. Meanwhile, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the composites were composed of BaTiO3 and barium ferrite. It can be seen that saturation magnetization decreased from 62 emu/g to 37.6 emu/g as the weight% varied from 0% to 15% and the samples with BaTiO3 had good dielectric properties in a wide frequency range. Ionic diffusion was found to take place between barium ferrites and BaTiO3, which contributed to the variety of the magnetic and dielectric properties observed in our samples.


Consider a second order differential linear periodic equation. This equation is recast as a first-order homogeneous Hill's system. For this system we obtain analytical solutions in explicit form. The first solution is a periodic function. The second solution is a sum of two functions; the first is a continuous periodic function, but the second is an oscillating function with monotone linear increasing amplitude. We give a formula to directly compute the slope of this increase, without knowing the second numerical solution. The periodic term of second solution may be computed directly. The coefficients of fundamental matrix of the system are analytical functions.


The effects of rolling processing on the formability, microstructure and mechanical properties of the asextruded spray co-deposited 7075/SiCp composite were investigated. The extruded thick sheet exhibits excellent formability along the extrusion direction. Cross rolling processing can enhance the formability and mechanical properties of the 7075/SiCp sheet. Furthermore, the optimal properties of the sheet are.. yield strength 542.51 MPa, ultimate tensilestrength 666.09 MPa, and elongation 4.91%, respectively.


© 2016 Life Science Informatics Publication All rights reserved Peer review under responsibility of Life Science Informatics Publications 2016 JanFeb RJLBPCS 1(5) Page No.223 Original Research Article DOI 10.26479/2016.0105.01 DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTATIONAL METHOD FOR LIPIDBINDING PROTEIN PREDICTION K. Ueki, K. Sato, S. Nakamura, T. Terada, K. Sumikoshi and K. Shimizu 1. Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. ________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Lipid-binding proteins (LBPs) perform various essential functions in organisms not only in cellular lipid uptake, lipid transport, and lipid metabolism but also in gene expression regulation, cell signaling, and innate immune response to bacterial infection. Because conducting experiments for identifying LBP functions is time-consuming and costly, computational methods may be useful for predicting lipid-associated functions. Here, we propose a method for predicting whether a given protein is an LBP from its amino acid sequence. Our method is based on the support vector machine (SVM), a machine learning algorithm, which is widely used in several prediction tools of bioinformatics. For SVM, feature selection is important for the accuracy of prediction. Our method uses the distribution of position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) scores called as the position-specific score distribution (PSSD) as the input feature of SVM. PSSD is calculated from a PSSM which is generated by a multiple sequence alignment and summarizes the contents of PSSM. PSSD takes into account the homolog information while reducing the dimensions of the feature vector. Using the PSSD, our method achieved a value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.98 in a five-fold cross-validation test. In addition, our method achieved better performance in LBP function class prediction than that previously reported. We also examined oneand two-spectrum kernels, which have been widely used in protein function prediction, and showed that our method using the PSSD outperforms the existing methods. ________________________________________________________________________________ LBPredictor: Available at http://www.bi.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp/software/


This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of systematic herbicide application and polyethylene(PE) film mulching in direct seeded Angelica gigas Nakai. Freshly-collected-seed showed 86% of emergence rate and required 18 days of emergence duration. Cold treatment of seeds increased emergence rate by more than 90% and shortened 2 days of emergence duration. Paraquat) 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride was the most effective when applied just before emergence of A. gigas and provided 96% of emergence rate and 91% of weeding effect when applied 23 days after seeding. Soil applied herbicides used did not cause any phytotoxicity on emergence with application of 2-fold recommended rate and gave more than 90% of weeding effect. Black PE film mulching gave excellent emergence rate and weeding effect, and shortened emergence duration by 8 days.


The administrative responsibility is that in which the public judicial servant incurs by actions or omissions committed in the exercise of his position that produce an injury or damage to the interests of the State, public or private servants, which originates the imposition of sanctions when previously the due process of disciplinary proceedings has been followed, especially when it is directed against the administrators of justice.
By virtue of the foregoing, it is stated that if a Judge incurs administrative liability, he may be dismissed from his position, but also civil or criminal actions may be initiated against him according to the nature of the offense, especially when they committed serious or very serious offenses. established in the Organic Code of the Judicial Function, whose consequence is the loss of the position of Judge.
With this background, it is evident that in this work there is evidence of the need for the legal system to establish that only Judges can request or dispose the administrative bodies of the Judicial Branch the initiation of disciplinary proceedings for inexcusable error or gross negligence in against a Judge, because the administrators of justice are in the capacity to determine if a Judge acted with evident negligence or error at the moment of applying the law; but not the administrative public officials, the same ones who should initiate disciplinary proceedings after a predetermination of responsibilities by one Judge against another, but not directly or ex officio.
The execution of the investigation will benefit the independence of the Judicial Function, since the inexcusable error has been a legal instrument that has sometimes led to the dismissal of a Judge, without major legal arguments or without fully verifying that the same incurred in an infraction, that is to say when it was not demonstrated through the various means of proof that the Judge incurred an administrative infraction.


The following image is from a suite of 33 drawings that explore the formal and conceptual principles of Aldo Rossi's analogical city. In particular, this drawing superimposes ten of Rossi's drawing...


This study aims to determine the causes of waste and minimize the causes of waste in the production process by using a lean manufacturing approach and analyzing it from an Islamic economic perspective. This type of research is field research with a qualitative approach. The informants of this study were the owner and 9 employees of the Saf'fana Furniture Store. The analysis technique used uses several tools, including VSM, Fishbone diagrams, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis. The results of this study indicate that the cause of the emergence of waste in the production process lies in the time of the drying process and repair of defective goods, the way to minimize it is to increase the stock of raw materials and increase worker discipline so that product defects do not occur, while in the perspective of Islamic economics the production process is classified as on tabzir because the time used to dry the raw materials and after the finished product must be repaired again on the defective goods, thus need creativity and discipline to workers


Base excision repair (BER) is the main pathway through which base damages are repaired in the cell. Single nucleotide damage can be corrected either through short patch BER (SP‐BER), in which the single damaged base is replaced, or long patch BER (LP‐BER), in which two or more nucleotides can be replaced. Several proteins are involved in the process including DNA polymerase beta (pol β) and FEN1, both of which are the focus for this study. DNA pol β is a multifunctional protein which contains both polymerase and lyase properties. In LP‐BER, pol β displaces the uncleaved 5′dRP moiety into a flap structure which is recognized and cleaved by FEN1 and subsequently ligated by DNA ligase 1. Previous in vitro studies show that pol β acetylation reduces lyase activity, requiring repair to proceed via LP‐BER. In this study, we determined the effect of in vitro acetylation on the enzymatic activities of DNA pol β and FEN1. Both unmodified and acetylated forms of pol β were tested for their synthesis and strand displacement activities. Interestingly, acetylated forms of pol β showed much greater activity at all concentrations versus unmodified forms. Interestingly we also found that FEN1 cleavage activity was increased in reactions containing acetylated pol β compared to the unmodified form due to the increased strand displacement activity of the polymerase. Our results suggest that the acetylated form of DNA pol β more actively participates in LP‐BER, creating longer strands of corrected, higher fidelity nucleotides.


Load Forecasting is of great significance for effective and efficient operation of power system. Use of time series is of much importance in load forecasting. In this study, effectiveness of different time series techniques is identified to gathered valuable information. The objective is to predict electric load efficiently and effectively. This paper analyses the prediction accuracy of variety of time series method in modeling Electric load forecasts. The study examines the time series forecasting methods applied to estimate future electric load, specifically, Moving Average (MA), Linear Trend, the Exponential and Parabolic Trend. A comparison of different forecasting techniques of Time Series is demonstrated on real time data. The data utilized for forecast is made available through a distribution company of India. The traditional linear models and hybrid models along with ANN are developed. These models are appraised for the forecasting capability.


Microorganisms are the engines driving the biogeochemical cycles of soil elements. The nitrogen cycle is one of the central processes of terrestrial ecosystems,and contains four main steps,i.e.nitrogen fixation,ammonification,nitrification,denitrification,all of which are driven by microorganisms.In the last decade,with the rapid development of cultureindependent molecular techniques and high-throughput sequencing technologies,breakthrough progress has been made on the diversity and mechanisms of nitrifying microorganisms, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox) process and mechanisms.Here we review the available knowledge concerning the research progress in ammonia oxidation studies in China,and briefly introduce the researches on denitrifying microorganisms,anammox,and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium(DNRA),and then present the future perspectives on this research field.Novel techniques and methods will be applied to the future microbial ecology studies of soil nitrogen transformation.It needs to hold the frontiers of microbial ecology,in combination with significant demands for China's sustainable agriculture,resources and environment protection,and global change research,primarily focusing on the following several areas:(1) to carry on investigations on the large-scale biogeographical patterns of soil nitrification processes and nitrifying microorganisms,and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of spatial-temporal variations and their driving factors.(2) To explore the key microbe-meditated processes and mechanisms of nitrogen transformation,and link them to the relevant observations on gas flux(e.g.ammonia volatilization,N2O emissions) and reaction rates(e.g.the rates of mineralization and nitrification).(3) To elucidate the coupling between different nitrogen transformation processes in certain ecosystems,and to estimate the nitrogen balance and build models to predict nitrogen transformation and balance.These studies are expected to provide scientific basis for adjustment of nitrogen transformation processes,improvement of nitrogen utilization efficiency and elimination of its negative effects.


The main errors of FILT (fast inversion of Laplace transform, developed by T. Hosono) are approximation error, truncation error, and cancellation error, which are analyzed theoretically and numerically. The following are clarified: (1) the truncation error is easily controlled by increasing the number of terms used and by use of Euler transformation; (2) the approximation and cancellation errors compete with each other, so that the maximum number of significant digits is decreased to 70% of the mantissa digits; (3) proposed higher-order FILTs give better cancellation errors, and the second-order FILT gives a number of significant digits that is greater than 80% of the mantissa digits. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 81(8): 10–17, 1998


In this paper we consider exponentially asymptotic stability in the p-th mean of the equilibrium mild solution to a semilinear stochastic evolution equation in a separable Hilbert space H and discuss under what conditions any mild solution approaches exponentially the equilibrium mild solution, almost surely. We shall generalize Haussmann's results [J. Math. Anal. Appl., 65 (1978), 219-235]. For illustrating the theorems we consider a semilinear stochastic heat equation


It provided an encoding and decoding method and apparatus based on the inter prediction. In the coding method, the picture of the current block and the reference block corresponding to the current reference block intra prediction are performed, and based on a result of performing intra prediction on the current block to perform inter prediction encoding the current block . Therefore, to reduce the size of data on the current block as a result of performing the inter prediction generated, thereby improving the compression rate of video data.


This volume presents abstracts of organized sector studies. Such abstracts focused on organized sector and family planning industrial economics industrial psychology industrial relations professional organizations industry and environment cooperatives and voluntary agencies. Overall the studies related to organized sector and family planning indicated that a program can be implemented more effectively if attention is paid to special categories. In the context of industrial economics it is thought that industrialization is the best solution to many of the problems faced by the country. Playing a critical role in rapid industrialization are industrial psychology and industrial relations. In addition it is noted that economic development through industrialization can be faster if the setting up of industries does not cause environmental degradation. Moreover studies have discussed the profile of the legal profession and lawyers and the role played by power and influence in social and organizational life. Finally studies indicated that cooperatives have social value to actively integrate health and family planning services into their routine activities; and that voluntary agencies work effectively for the cause of the disabled and the minorities.


Two-dimensional flow of Jeffrey fluid by an inclined stretching cylinder with convective boundary condition is studied. In addition the combined effects of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation are taken into consideration. The developed nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced into the ordinary differential equations by suitable transformations. The governing equations are solved for the series solutions. The convergence of the series solutions for velocity and temperature fields is carefully analyzed. The effects of various physical parameters such as ratio of relaxation to retardation times, Deborah number, radiation parameter, Biot number, curvature parameter, local Grashof number, Prandtl number, Eckert number and angle of inclination are examined through graphical and numerical results of the velocity and temperature distributions.


M oyamoya syndrome is a progressive occlusive cerebrovascular disorder that usually presents as recurrent strokes in children. Distal internal carotid and basilar arteries gradually narrow, leading to proliferation of penetrating arteries, primarily at the base of the brain. These abnormal dilated vessels are a source of collateral flow to the ischemic brain distal to the stenotic process and produce a net-like image on cerebral angiograms. Suzuki and Takaku (1) named this disease moyamoya, which, in Japanese, means "something hazy, like a puff of cigarette smoke drifting in the air." Given the chronic nature of cerebral ischemia and the debilitating course of moyamoya syndrome, various surgical procedures have been proposed to augment collateral cerebral blood flow (CBF). CBF in children with moyamoya syndrome is severely compromised. This may account for the cerebral ischemia that primarily occurs in children afflicted with this disease. Adults stricken with moyamoya syndrome primarily develop intraventricular hemorrhages. Therefore, anesthetic management during surgical procedures on these patients must minimize the risk of perioperative strokes. Previous reports on the anesthetic management of patients with moyamoya syndrome have been limited to adult patients. The largest series is a retrospective review of seven adults undergoing various revascularization procedures (2). There are no similar reports on the anesthetic management of the childhood moyamoya syndrome, and the available literature is limited to two single case reports in children (3,4). We reviewed our experience in children who underwent the same intraoperative regimen for the treatment of moyamoya syndrome.


The stability of cerium oxide (ceria) is a major topic in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. When exposed to a reactive environment or treated in a redox step, ceria is prone to changes of its surface morphology, atomic structure, and composition, with a strong impact onto its catalytic properties. Here, we investigate the stability of Pt(111)-supported ultrathin ceria films upon air exposure and during redox cycles under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. Scanning probe microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction show that upon air exposure, a clean ceria film surface gets contaminated by hydroxyls and carbon-containing species whereas a following annealing in molecular oxygen at around 650 °C removes such contaminants and allows to restore the original surface morphology and structure. When clean films are oxidized in a background oxygen pressure (reduced in UHV) at ∼650 °C, the film coverage increases (decreases). The decrease of the film coverage upon reduction...


Visual aesthetic assessment begins to be recognized as a mechanism of protecting the landscape and environment from being abused and destructed in future development There is an increasing demand for visual landscape to be integrated in landscape policy management, landscape planning and monitoring However, existing assessment need to be enhanced since existing methodology of visual aesthetic lacks of accessibility and imprecise indicators are used to evaluate human perception. Besides, this explorative study is to review the fundamentals of aesthetic and its paradigms which will lead to a further understanding of the visual aesthetic concept and the field of the study. Apart from this, a crucial method is needed to identify the relationship of community perception and expert in the process of visual aesthetic assessment and the indicators. The issues of this paper will review on how to develop a new methodology that produces a model of indicators that share a common perception of community and experts. At the same time, it will stress on the importance of empowered community as stakeholder within the proposed methodology. A study upon various disciplines of landscape and urban planning, urban forestry and urban greenery, ecological indicators, ecological economic and land use policy are reviewed to give a deeper understanding of the significant existing indicators that can be used for future assessment and the relevance to the proposed methodology.


: Finding the cause of the Moon leaving the Earth is the first key to open the door of cosmic galaxies. Although some people believe the cause of the Moon leaving the Earth to be the tidal bulges on the Earth exerting a gravitational pull on the Moon, which tries to "speed up" the Moon, yet careful research shows this view is doubtful. Thus the author has studied the real causes for the Moon moving away from the Earth again, and found that the migration of the Moon away from the Earth is mainly due to the impacts of prograde planetsimals and the contraction of the growing Earth. Other satellites leaving their parent planets for the same reason.


Abstract This paper presents an experimental work to study the effect of dune sand as an alternative to sand on the mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. 24 concrete mixes were prepared, 6 of them without fibers and containing different proportions of dune sand, and 18 concrete mixes with the same proportions of dune sand but containing long and short single and hybrid steel fibers. For the purpose of studying the properties of hybrid concrete, including measuring the workability of fresh concrete, examining the compressive strength, dry density, split tensile strength, Flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, water absorption of hardened concrete. The main parameters were the proportions of dune sand (20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, and 100 %) in addition to the ratio 0 % without dune sand. Two types of steel fibers were used: straight steel fibers (short) with a length of 13 mm and hook end steel fibers (long) with a length of 50 mm, It is added to concrete (single or hybrid) with a total volume ratio of 1 % of the concrete volume. The tests that were conducted showed that sand dunes affect the compressive strength, especially when the percentage increased by more than 40 %, where the compressive strength of concrete decreases by 39 % when the replacement ratio reaches 100 %, but it improves with the addition of single or hybrid fibers. Also, the workability from high to medium level decreases by 30 % with increasing dune sand content, the addition of steel fibers along with dune sand significantly reduced the workability. The tensile and flexural strength decreases with the increase in the sand dune rate, but at a lower rate than the compressive strength, which was 29.3 %, 21.1 % for splitting and flexural tensile strength, respectively. The addition of steel fibers improved the mechanical properties of the hybrid concrete, which can compensate for most of the lost strength due to the increase in sand dunes ratios. The study also showed that the use of long fibers (hook end) gives better results than straight fibers. But in the case of using hybrid fibers, we can get an improvement in the mechanical properties more than using one type of fiber.


To explore the eventual deployment of communication systems in Terahertz (THz) band (0.1-10 THz) frequencies, extensive measurements of various aspects of the channels are essential. Humans form an integral part of any communication environment, therefore, it is of interest to explore the impact of a human body on the propagation characteristics in any given channel. This is particularly relevant because at higher frequencies, such as those in the THz band, human bodies are significantly larger than a wavelength and can thus constitute effective scatterers. Motivated by this, we conducted measurements of the radar cross section for the human body in the 140 and 220 GHz bands and show how the reflectivity of the human body varies as a function of both the angle of incidence and the angle of observation. Our results show an average scattering cross sections on the order of -15 dBsm for the 220 GHz band and -23 dBsm for the 140 GHz band; with variations as a function of the angle of incidence to be less than +/- 2 dBsm for both cases.


Adult mites' bodies of Dermatophagoides farinae were used as antigen in an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to detect mite-specific IgG in sera of 48 patients with intestinal acariasis based on stool examination. Antibody titers with positive reaction ranged from 1:4 to 1:512 in 48 patients with intestinal acariasis. If antibody titers > or = 1:16 is regarded as being positive, the positive rate of patients detected with IFAT was 92%.