With the expanding of the field of application of anti-block system by reducing the value of the pressure modulator the authors have investigated the process of the oscillating modulation of the pressure, they developed the design of the oscillating modulator that meets all applicable requirements and proved the possibility of its use as an element in the composition of the dual adaptive brake systems. Comparative analysis of the known methods of modulation of the pressure in the hydraulic brake drive showed that the only way of oscillating modulation does not require expensive structural elements (solenoid valves, booster pumps, stepper motors, etc.) that can reduce the cost of modulators in its application. Modelling of oscillating modulation process and laboratory tests of oscillating modulator showed principle possibility of modulation in all the required range of pressure changes from 0 to 10 MPa , the efficiency of the proposed design of the modulator and its compliance with all requirements to the anti0block system modulator. Research work of oscillating modulator comprising a dual adaptive brake system, made by modelling the process of deceleration of the vehicle under different conditions of road surface and driving conditions confirmed that the application of an oscillating modulator does not degrade the braking efficiency, stability and controllability with the known.


The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) is constructing a new collector distributor roads and ramps for SR 161 Road and Sunbury Road intersection and SR 161 connector to I-270 outer beltway in central Ohio. In this improvement of SR 161 (FRA 161-25.900) and Sunbury Road project many retaining walls were to be built. Retaining wall 8C is located near a 20-inch diameter high-pressure natural gas line. Excavation for the construction of wall 8C footing and the back slope to withstand the cut would undermine the high-pressure gas line. During the coordination meetings between the gas company and ODOT, it was determined that shoring would be required to protect the gas line. When installing temporary shoring near an underground gas line, two important factors were considered. First, the shoring should not be placed within a 3-ft distance of the gas line. Second, the earth-borne vibration at the gas line due to the drilling operation for shoring installation shall not exceed a certain limit. The limit of vibration was measured by recording peak particle velocity in all three mutually perpendicular directions on the gas line. Proper care was utilized during construction and the earth borne vibration on the high pressure gas line was kept within the specified limit by the gas company. In this paper, we will present how we dealt with the placement of temporary shoring while maintaining vibration limitations at the gas line.


PURPOSE
Implant motility and cosmetic appearance of the eye after enucleation have remained major considerations whenever mycoconjunctival enucleation is planned. Despite major advances in surgical technique and the availability of a variety of implant materials and shapes, there is lack of consensus on the best material and type of implant. This study was conducted to compare routine and myoconjunctival techniques of enucleation in terms of motility index.

METHODS
Thirty consecutive patients scheduled for enucleation for non-malignant indications were randomly assigned to one of the two groups- routine and myoconjunctival techniques. The postoperative results were compared for the motility of implant and the complications.

RESULTS
The two techniques showed no difference in rates of complications, but implant motility was significantly better with the myoconjunctival technique. Implant extrusion or migration was not seen.

CONCLUSION
We recommend the use of myoconjunctival enucleation for enhanced motility and cosmesis.


. This paper proposes a bottom-up saliency detection algorithm based on multi-dictionary sparse recovery. Firstly, the SLIC algorithm is used to segment the image into superpixels in multilevel and atoms with a high background possibility are selected from the boundary superpixels to construct the multi-dictionary. Secondly, sparse recovery of the entire image is achieved using multi-dictionary to get sub-saliency maps from the perspective of sparse recovery errors. The final saliency map is generated in a weighted fusion manner. Experimental results on three public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.


Energy dispersive x ray diffraction measurements were performed on RbH to 120 GPa. RbH was observed to transform from the B2 phase to the orthorhombic, CrB, phase at 85 GPa. The equation of state for the B2 phase and the CrB phase are reported. Transmission measurements were made to 120 GPa to determine the band gap versus pressure in RbH. We report here the first measurement of the band gap of RbH at zero pressure at 4.91 eV. At 120 GPa, the band gap closed to 2.68 eV. Extrapolating the present band gap data leads to a zero gap at about 310 GPa.


Purpose – The goal of this paper is to characterize the economic and financial management (EFM) practices in Mexican micro-enterprises and determine their impact on business performance under the hypothesis that EFM practices focused on achieving the optimal level of liquidity and profitability positively affect the performance of micro-enterprises. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies factor analysis,including both exploratory and confirmatory techniques, as well as linear regression models. Findings – The econometric analysis shows that both economic and financial management are statistically significant in explaining microenterprise performance, although only the effect of the latter is positive, whereas that of the former is negative. Originality/value – The paper's findings could guide training and microcredit programs focused on micro-enterprise owners in developing countries and help to improve decision-making processes.


be validly identified as having an LI, but they do not qualify for services in the New Mexico schools. Some medical insurance companies, however, have less rigid standards for qualifying for speech and language services, so it is possible that a child who does not qualify for school services can still qualify for private services. For those students who have LIs and are exhibiting classroom difficulties because of their LI but who do not qualify for school services, SLPs can explore with parents the possibility of private language therapy paid by insurance. Medical insurance in New Mexico, however, will only pay for oral-language goals, not written-language goals.


INFILTRATION WITH PARAFFIN.-During the first 36 hours in the process of infiltration with paraffin the wood is kept on the paraffin bath, but shortly before the mixture of xylol and paraffin is replaced with pure melted paraffin; both the material and the paraffin mixture are transferred to a flat dish of some kind to facilitate a quick evaporation of the xylol and then placed in the bath. At least two or three changes of paraffin are usually desirable. Special care has to be taken at this point, the best results being obtained when such woody or partially woody material is carried through the final process of infiltration with paraffin (melting point 520 C.) from 48 to 72 hours. SECTIONING.-With a proper allowance of time for infiltration, sections of the most refractory tissues ranging from IO to 30 , in thickness may be cut with a sliding microtome with perfect ease, and a complete series obtained by removing each section, as cut, from the knife and placing it directly upon a slide well coated with albumen fixative and flooded with water. All paraffin sections thus cut and not held in ribbon are likely to curl. To prevent this curling of the section as it comes upon the knife it has been the writer's practice, after flooding the surface of the object and the knife with water (using ice water in warm weather and slightly warmed water in cold weather), to hold a camel's hair brush or preferably the tip of the first finger lightly against the section as it is being cut. The section, unless of considerable size, will then adhere to the moist finger tip and can thus be transferred to the slide without danger of tearing or crushing. With practice sections may be cut and transferred from the microtome knife to the slide very rapidly by this method, and the problem of curling entirely obviated. Subsequent stages in the fixing of sections to the slide, removal of paraffin, staining and mounting, follow the usual paraffin schedule.LADEMA M. LANGDON, University of Chicago.


The invention discloses a sign-in method and a device. The sign-in method comprises steps that: a first terminal acquires a first instruction; the first terminal sends a sign-in instruction to a second terminal according to the first instruction. Through the sign-in method, the sign-in instruction is automatically or manually sent to the second terminal according to the first instruction through the first terminal, so a user is enabled to more simply and intelligently know about information of the located position of an opposite side, and a problem that related conditions of the opposite side in a remote distance can not be timely known about is solved.


For most parts of India, the crops are rainfed, Rainwater received over the country undergoes variation from year to year. In some years, the rainwater received is very inadequate and the country suffers from drought, In this study, a large-scale drought over India is defined as the situation when the rainwater received over the country is less than the tenth percentile of the probability distribution of the annual rainwater. While computing the rainwater over the country, hilly areas have been excluded, The tenth percentile of the rainwater distribution over the country is 2760 cu. km. In accordance with the foregoing criterion, the years of large-scale drought over India during the period 1871-1978 are, 1873, 1876, 1877, 1905, 1918, 1920, 1941, 1965 and 1972, in all 10 years. Of the different meteorological parameter, rainwater is the most important from the point of view agricultural production in dry farming areas, Non-rneteorological factors, e.g., crop pests and diseases and technological improvements also affect the production significantly; these are, however, taken to be fairly constant from one year to the next. The effect of large-scale drought on agricultural production has been assessed by computing the percentage change to production from the preceding year to the year of large-scale drought, for each of the drought year for which the statistics of production are available. On the basis of the seven large-scale drought years for which statistics of production are available, it is seen that the mean values of the percentage fall in the country's total production of food grains, rice and wheat were 16, 11 and 12 per cent respectively, the highest falls observed being 30-35 per cent, mostly for 1918. The prices of food grains, rice and wheat are affected by the amounts of their production, The percentage changes is the prices in the years succeeding large-scale drought years have been computed in all the cases. The mean rise in the wholesale prices of food grains, rice and wheat was 26, 26 and 21 per cent respectively, the highest rise of 54, 69 :and 47 per cent being recorded as a result of the large-scale drought of 1918. It has, however, to be remembered that a part of the rise in prices due to the drought year of 1918 has to be attributed to the World War II. The study clearly brings out the extent of the decrease in the country's agricultural production and the extent of the all India rise in prices of food grains and food commodities, like rice and wheat as a result of the large-scale droughts.


A new imputation method is proposed based on the attribute significance and the grey correlation to improve classification ability.First,the imputation sequence is sorted by the attribute significance;then,the sample in complete dataset is selected,which has the highest grey correlation with imputation-needed samples;ultimately,imputation is made on incomplete samples with the correspond attributes.In addition,a new evaluation criteria is put forward for imputation performance,i.e.the imputed data has no or tiny effect on original classification ability.Experimental results show that this method can boost the classification capability of data sets,even under the circumstance that large missing proportion exists.


cally derived reference intervals. Serum cholesterol is a good example for which reference intervals have been discarded in favour of clinically relevant decision levels. For a number of other analytes also, clinicians use decision levels based on clinical experience which are different from the statistically derived reference intervals quoted by the laboratory. Index of individuality is of little relevance when clinically derived decision levels are used. The challenge for laboratory scientists is to provide clinically relevant decision levels for the analytes they measure. S D VASIKARAN Department of Chemical Pathology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park 5042, Australia


Imaging in endodontics is one of the great inventions in dentistry and has served immensely in making the treatment more predictable. It plays a vital role at almost all stages of treatment, right from diagnosis of the disease to the post-treatment evaluation. The PubMed database search revealed that the reference list for Dental Imaging featured 1, 40, 000 articles and for Advanced Dental Imaging-9, 61, 000 articles. A forward search was undertaken on selected articles, author names and contemporary endodontic texts. This review will be covering the advanced methods of implication of different imaging modalities with their comparison and also the various fields in endodontics where these techniques are proving helpful and may prove helpful in the future.


Pentecostalism is a missionary, polycentric, and transnational movement. It has contributed enormously to the shift of Christianity's center of gravity from the Western world to the majority world. During the second half of the twentieth century the most significant changes in the global demography of Christianity have occurred through the growth of Pentecostalism, which has its origins in a series of revival movements at the beginning of the century. The growth of Pentecostalism in each continent, and the statistics used to describe that growth are discussed, with special reference to the majority world continents of Africa, Asia and Latin America. The extent to which Pentecostalism takes on distinctive forms in different contexts has become one of the main reasons for the growth of Pentecostalism, its ability to adapt itself to different cultures and societies and give contextualized expressions to Christianity. Although socio-political and historical factors undoubtedly had a role in the spread of Pentecostal Christianity, religious and ideological factors were probably more significant. The ability of Pentecostalism to adapt to and fulfill people's religious aspirations continues to be its strength. There are several important themes in the study of Pentecostalism that still need to be fully explored. It is impossible to predict the future of Pentecostalism, but a sense of where Pentecostalism has been in the past century will give an idea of where it might go in the twenty-first century.


The new development of operational and managerial modes for power companies in China is summarized,and the status quo of current modes as well as their problems is analyzed.The possibility of mode optimization in the future is discussed in the aspects of production command center construction,adjustment of internal specialty structure,and automation application level improvement.


Abstract : A numerical lifting surface procedure is developed specifically for flapped control surfaces with trapezoidal planforms. The procedure uses a discrete vortex approximation with spanwise vortex lines located at constant percentages of the chord. Use of the procedure in obtaining an optimum flapped rudder design is demonstrated. A listing and user's description of the computer program is included.


Infrared profiles and strength measurements have been obtained at a spectral resolution of 1.6 cm−1 for the absorption bands of CF2Cl2 (fluorocarbon 12) from 800 to 1200 cm−1 at 296 and 200 K. A slight temperature dependence of the band strength seems to be observed for the ν3 + ν9 combination band and for the (ν3 + ν9) ν6 and (ν1) ν8 band systems. The low-temperature band profiles become narrower and the Q branches stronger than they are at room temperature. In particular, for the ν6 band, which is important for atmospheric sensing, the absorption coefficient shows an enhancement of 30% between 296 and 200 K at the peaks of the Q branch. These room temperature and low-temperature data may be useful for greenhouse calculations.


Signed Directed Graph (SDG) is an important technology of building qualitative model, especially for hazard evaluation and fault diagnosis. Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis is the most widely used safety analysis approach in the process systems. There are natural relations between HAZOP and SDG. The computer-aided automatical HAZOP analysis is put forward by using SDG model and the reasoning method based on network theory. HAZOP analysis system based on the ratiocination of SDG instead of the manual HAZOP is introduced. Representative unit models are built in the process systems. As process model is built by unit models in the model base, the system is very adaptive. Besides it has beyond compare inheritance. Compared with the manual HAZOP analysis, the system has many advantages, such as good maturity, time saving, money saving and so on.


Information service organization has its niche in the social environment ecological system, niche advantage of information service organization determines its competitive advantage. Based on the analysis of niche connotation, niche breadth and competition as well as niche constituent dimension of information service organization, the paper puts forward a constructing model of competitive advantage for information service organization, and analyses the constructing ways of competitive advantage on the basis of the perspective of niche: the construction of ecological factors of characteristics of information resources, the construction of ecological factors of human resources, the construction of ecological factors of user resources and the construction of ecological factors of cultural resources


Soaring throughput, plummeting costs, and increased sensitivity for assaying degraded or low-concentration DNA are driving a revolution in the way that we monitor biodiversity. Arguably the biggest 'game-changer' is environmental DNA (eDNA), which refers to free-floating DNA released by organisms into their environment. Rare or elusive species can be detected with greater sensitivity and accuracy using eDNA than by most conventional methods, and we have the capability to screen and describe whole communities, as well as perform targeted monitoring of single species. This paper discusses the basic approaches for molecular monitoring of biodiversity, provides case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of the techniques, and considers any challenges and limitations that could impact molecular biological recording. It is argued that eDNA surveys offer exciting new opportunities to engage the public in biological recording and that molecular approaches will complement conventional surveys, enabling unprecedented insights into species distributions. Finally, with the number of eDNA studies increasing at a rapid pace, it is argued that there is a need to rapidly establish ways of managing molecular records. Integrating molecular records into existing biological records databases would enhance our understanding of species distributions and may be something that the Biological Records Centre should be considering to mark its landmark anniversary. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, ●●, ●●–●●.


The influence of a topological defect in graphene on the ground state of electronic quasiparticle excitations is studied in the framework of the long-wavelength continuum model originating in the tight-binding approximation for the nearest neighbour interaction in the graphitic lattice. A topological defect that rolls up a graphitic sheet into a nanocone is represented by a pointlike pseudomagnetic vortex with a flux which is related to the deficit angle of the cone. The method of self-adjoint extensions is employed to define the set of physically acceptable boundary conditions at the apex of the nanocone. The electronic system on a graphitic nanocone is found to acquire the ground state condensate and current of special type, and we determine the dependence of these quantities on the deficit angle of the nanocone, continuous parameter of the boundary condition at the apex, and the distance from the apex.


Purpose
Teaching performance assessments (TPAs) have developed in the USA and Australia as a "bar exam" for the profession and are used means to assure that graduates are classroom ready. The purpose of this paper is to outline how these assessments have been implemented in teacher education in the USA and Australian contexts. The edTPA is embroiled in controversy in the USA and there are important lessons from the related research literature that could inform the how other countries engage with TPAs in pre-service teacher education.

Design/methodology/approach
This conceptual paper outlines how Australia has introduced TPAs in initial teacher education (ITE) through policy borrowing from the USA. The paper synthesises critiques of the edTPA (USA) from research literature and considers the implications of TPAs in the Australian context.

Findings
The TPA impacts the focus of pre-service teacher practicum teaching, and pedagogy and curriculum in ITE education. The TPA could be used to mobilise detrimental accountability mechanisms. With the outsourcing of assessment to edu-business, Pearson Education, teacher education institutions in the USA have a sense that they have lost control over determining which students are credentialed to teach. Although pre-service teacher assessment is still administered and assessed by ITE institutions in Australia, there is a concern that could change. It is argued that educators, administrators and policy makers should avoid moves to outsource TPAs in Australia.

Originality/value
Because it is in its infancy, there is a little robust research into the implication of introducing teacher performance assessments into the Australian teacher education context.


The phenomenon of the destruction of the Ukrainian ethnic group during the Soviet times of the first half of the 20th century is analyzed. This phenomenon is represented as a consequence of the brutal violence and aggression of the Soviet authorities towards the Ukrainian ethnic group. In modern conditions, most studies of the violence phenomenon note that in the twentieth century mankind was faced with its unprecedented escalation. World War, Genocide, Holocaust, Terror - all these specific forms of violence have not only touched the Soviet Union but have also become an integral part of its history and culture. Violence has penetrated into all spheres of life and has become a universal means of resolving conflicts. However, the enlargement of violence does not yet determine the specificity of the present.
The analysis of historical events of this period is based on two methodological approaches: ethological and anthropological, which have become most widely used in the philosophical and anthropological discourse on violence. These research approaches link the phenomenon of culture with the phenomenon of violence and, therefore, unlike most other approaches, represent violence as the direct object of the study rather than treating it as a secondary phenomenon, resulting from the failure of a particular system.
In the last century, Soviet space was experiencing a powerful wave of radical socio-cultural transformations that changed the contextual conditions of human existence, which was stimulated by the rapid development of cultural and communicative technologies, socio-political disasters, and the existential significance of urban space was increasing. The tendencies of destruction, chaotization, the growth of uncertainty, the change of thinking, and value-semantic orientations of existence cause the disorientation of consciousness, which loses certain worldview points. On the one hand, there is the development of cutting-edge technologies that aim at rationalizing the processes of life-creation, and on the other hand, these technologies generate phenomena that offset the meaning of these values: from manipulation of consciousness to postmodernist the very discrediting idea of life. All this in the first half of the twentieth century in the territories of "underdeveloped communism" led to mass repressions and in fact, posed a threat to the destruction of the elite part of society. The research of the self-destruction problem of a person is not only in the empirical confirmation and statement of the anthropological destruction phenomenon but in the analysis of the foundations of the destruction in personality as one of the Soviet repression origins. The authors argue that the self-destruction of the individual is not only a socio-philosophical problem that is related to the corresponding forms of the society organization, its ideologies and technologies but also philosophical and anthropological, which emphasizes on the priorities of the human development concept as individuals with the expressed spiritual dominant in life.


Performance loss caused by L1 instruction cache misses varies between different architectures and cache sizes. For processors employing power-efficient in-order execution with small caches, performance can be significantly affected by instruction cache misses. The growing use of low-power multi-threaded CPUs (with shared L1 caches) in general purpose computing platforms requires new efficient techniques for analyzing application instruction cache usage. Such insight can be achieved using traditional simulation technologies modeling several cache sizes, but the overhead of simulators may be prohibitive for practical optimization usage. In this paper we present a statistical method to quickly model application instruction cache performance. Most importantly we propose a very low-overhead sampling mechanism to collect runtime data from the application's instruction stream. This data is fed to the statistical model which accurately estimates the instruction cache miss ratio for the sampled execution. Our sampling method is about 10x faster than previously suggested sampling approaches, with average runtime overhead as low as 25% over native execution. The architecturally-independent data collected is used to accurately model miss ratio for several cache sizes simultaneously, with average absolute error of 0.2%. Finally, we show how our tool can be used to identify program phases with large instruction cache footprint. Such phases can then be targeted to optimize for reduced code footprint.


Environmental education in the Philippines has been incorporated to different course curricula including life and physical sciences, social studies, geography, civics, and moral education. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the environmental awareness and practices of Filipino senior high school students during the year 2019 to serve as basis for environmental education program. This correlation quantitative study involved SHS students in a private educational institution in the Philippines through total population sampling and utilized the Environmental Awareness and Practice Questionnaires. The results revealed that the participants have "good" level of environmental awareness (x =3.89) while "poor" extent of environmental practice (x =3.47). Using the nonparametric correlation analysis, the coefficient of 0.663 which means a "positive correlation" between the two variables was obtained. This means that the level of environmental awareness of the senior high school students is significantly and substantially related with their extent of environmental practice. Based on the summary of findings, the researcher recommends the development of environmental education programs that will both aim to maintain and increase the understanding and capacities of the students with relation to environmental problems and environmental sustainability principles.


The known and suspected causes of human bladder cancer fall into four groups: industrial chemicals, metabolites of foodstuffs, tobacco tar, and chronic mechanical stimulation. It has been known since 1895 33 that chronic industrial exposure to certain dye intermediates is associated with a high incidence of transitional cell bladder tumors. Occupational bladder tumors occur after a mean exposure time of 22.9 years and may involve 26% of the workers. 34 The commonest recognized cause of occupational bladder tumor is β-naphthylamine. A recently recognized cause of human bladder tumor is p-biphenylamine (xenylamine). 35 Benzidine, α-naphthylamine, and auramine 36 are also suspect. The common denominator of chemicals which cause human bladder cancer seems to be a structure embodying an aromatic amine which can be excreted as an orthohydroxylated urinary metabolite. 37 Agents which cause human transitional cell tumors are unique, since they appear not to be carcinogenic to other tissues. Experiments in


There are many species of plant-parasitic nematodes that feed on corn. Most are found anywhere that corn is grown. Nearly all corn nematode species likely are native to the United States, and they probably fed upon native grasses before corn was grown as a crop. The common and scientific names and other basic characteristics of the most frequently found corn nematodes are listed in Table 1. The lesion and needle nematodes are the most common species that damage corn in Iowa.


We consider a local formalism in quantum field theory, in which no reference is made to infinitely extended spacial surfaces, infinite past or infinite future. This can be obtained in terms of a func- tional W(',�) of the field ' on a closed 3d surfacethat bounds a finite region R of Minkowski spacetime. The dependence of W(',�) onis governed by a local covariant generalization of the Schrodinger equation. Particles' scattering amplitudes that describe experiments conducted in the finite region R -the laboratory during a finite time- can be expressed in terms of W(',�). The dependence of W(',�) on the geometry ofexpresses the dependence of the transition amplitudes on the relative location of the particle detectors. In a gravitational theory, background independence implies that W(',�) is independent from �. However, the detectors' relative location is still coded in the argument of W('), because the ge- ometry of the boundary surface is determined by the boundary value ' of the gravitational field. This observation clarifies the physical meaning of the functional W(') defined by non perturbative formulations of quantum gravity, such as the spinfoam formalism. In particular, it suggests a way to derive particles' scattering amplitudes from a spinfoam model. In particular, we discuss the notion of vacuum in a generally covariant context. We distinguish the nonperturbative vacuum |0�i , which codes the dynamics, from the Minkowski vacuum |0M i , which is the state with no particles and is recovered by taking appropriate large values of the boundary metric. We derive a relation between the two vacuum states. We propose an explicit expression for computing the Minkowski vacuum from a spinfoam model.


AIM: To construct a three dimensional (3D) finite element model of human mandibular molars. METHODS: Thin-section CT scanning technology was used in combination with medical image reconstruction software Amira4.0, Unigraphics NX, the finite element analysis software ALGOR to construct a 3D finite element model of mandibular molars (5, 6, 7) and their supporting tissues. RESULTS: The 3D finite element models of the mandibular molars (5, 6, 7) was constructed, including 93,260 nodes and 167,111 elements. CONCLUSION: The constructed model has the advantages of intact structure, precise elements, high measure accuracy, and can simulate the natural condition and facilitate the further biomechanical research.


The mathematical model of temperature distribution of biological objects for the special case of the Laplace equation in homogeneous environments is shown. The temperature profile is presented as a function of one coordinate. The analytical dependence of temperature profile is largely determined by the function of the heat source. The possibility of using of temperature diagnostics for finding pathological processes in biological tissues is also shown.


This paper introduces three regenerative technologies of bituminous pavement,such as plant-mixed hot recycling,onsite hot recycling and onsite cold recycling,and illustrates the construction techniques of cement onsite cold recycling in base course combined with practical engineering,in order to popularize regenerative technology of old bituminous pavement.


The survival and stability of Escherichia coli strains K12 marked with the green fluorescent protein plasmid(GFP) in seawater were tested.The results showed that K12 and K12GFP have the same microbial characteristic and close surviving curve in the autoclaved sea water.It concluded that K12GFPcould provide the true prove to study surviving changes of K12 in the natural sea water.K12GFPcould survive 28 d and the number of green fluorescent cells decline slowly in the autoclaved sea water.But in the filtering sea water,K12GFP survived 7 d and cell concentration declined from 107CFU/mL to 102CFU/mL.It can be seen that the nutrition in seawater could affect their surviving curves.


AIRSHIPS AND BALLOONS Design aspects of non rigid airship envelopes, J. A. I. Reid, pp 327-328 (Sept.). Helium and its relevance to the airship industry, C. R. Lloyd, pp 91-93 (March). Instruments for airships, R. A. Chorley, pp 95-97 (March). Lighter-than-air developments in Great Britain, A. W. L. Nayler, pp 368-378 (Oct.). Materials for airship construction, K. G. Payne, pp 85-87 (March). Propulsion of airships, J. D. Kemp, pp 88-90 (March). The airship in the modern air traffic control environment, G. G. Gill, pp 93-95 (March).


Objective: To review evidence published since the 2001 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) practice parameter regarding the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of steroids and antiviral agents for Bell palsy. Methods: We searched Medline and the Cochrane Database of Controlled Clinical Trials for studies published since January 2000 that compared facial functional outcomes in patients with Bell palsy receiving steroids/antivirals with patients not receiving these medications. We graded each study (Class I–IV) using the AAN therapeutic classification of evidence scheme. We compared the proportion of patients recovering facial function in the treated group with the proportion of patients recovering facial function in the control group. Results: Nine studies published since June 2000 on patients with Bell palsy receiving steroids/antiviral agents were identified. Two of these studies were rated Class I because of high methodologic quality. Conclusions and Recommendations: For patients with new-onset Bell palsy, steroids are highly likely to be effective and should be offered to increase the probability of recovery of facial nerve function (2 Class I studies, Level A) (risk difference 12.8%–15%). For patients with new-onset Bell palsy, antiviral agents in combination with steroids do not increase the probability of facial functional recovery by >7%. Because of the possibility of a modest increase in recovery, patients might be offered antivirals (in addition to steroids) (Level C). Patients offered antivirals should be counseled that a benefit from antivirals has not been established, and, if there is a benefit, it is likely that it is modest at best.


The thrusted manganese ore above the Blackridge Thrust Fault is a predominantly unstudied ore‐type and as such, there is an urgent need to petrographically characterize it. A total of 80 samples were collected from the thrusted lower manganese ore bed of six boreholes on Mukulu in the north of the Kalahari Manganese Field. Each sample underwent a range of optical and electron petrographic analyses in order to effectively characterize three dominant stages of alteration, namely Stages 1, 2 and 3. Similar to the hydrothermally‐altered Wessels‐type manganese ore, braunite II is the predominant mineral phase present during Stage 1 alteration, and alters to bixbyite with increasing proximity to normal faults at the onset of Stage 2 alteration. The final stage of alteration is exhibited by the development of hausmannite and jacobsite adjacent to the ferruginised zone at the normal fault plane. Apatite precipitation, in abundances previously undocumented in the Kalahari Manganese Field, is a hallmark feature of the newly identified Mukulu Enrichment. This supergene‐related enrichment process contributed to the significant abundance of arsenic‐bearing apatite in the ore, whilst residually enriching the ore‐hosted Fe and Mn oxides.


If you are not using the ABT cover images and their captions, here are a few ideas on how to implement these captivating, teachable moments. Although initially teacher-directed, they can easily turn into some nice inquiry by your students and usually take just a few minutes. We can use as examples the image and caption on this issue and also reflect on what could be done with the chromosome scan on the April 2012 issue.

First, show the May cover to your class, perhaps standing in the middle …


Large amounts of powder of brass (copper-zinc alloy) contaminated with impurities, are generated in the final stage of manufacture of metal fittings industry. These industrial metallic wastes containing high concentrations of iron (> 10%) of the finishing process (blasting of parts), synthetic fiber cloth polishing process, as well as brass powder can be recovered and reused. The residue of the finishing process brass pieces with 47.8% Cu, 36.8% Zn and 11.6% Fe, previously, was been treated by low-intensity magnetic separation, to remove excess iron. The residues of the polishing process with 53.8% Cu, 34.6% Zn and 1.1%Fe, were purified of non-metallic impurities (cloth fibers) through a standard #200 mesh (75 microns) . Pre-treated waste, were melted in an electric oven at 1000 ◦C, 45 minutes, agitation and with the addition of potassium chloride to prevent oxidation of iron, zinc and eliminate remaining in the waste to can get brass with necessary characteristics to be reused. The characterization of solid waste and the product obtained is used atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAnalyst 300) and scanning electron microscopy (Tesco). A conceptual design and economic evaluation were of a plant of purification of brass residues, in a conservative scene the project provides an internal rate of return of 60% and a net present value of 86 830.91USD, whose initial investment is covered in a year and four months of operation of the plant


The received wisdom is do not bother yourself with things you cannot change, most notably the past. This chapter introduces the concept of future bias and considers some difficulties we have in conceptualizing past‐directed discounting. First, the chapter models various past discounting functions by considering cases (e.g., Parfit's Surgery case). It argues that psychologically realistic future discount functions for pains and pleasuresmust be absolute. Next, the chapter argues against a control constraint on preferences. It also appeals to Dougherty's Pain Insurance case to argue that we can evaluate preferences over a set of choices or preferences rather than only relative to particular choices.


Nano‐Sb2O3 particles were modified by a combination modifier of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and KH‐560 via the mechanochemical method based on high‐energy ball milling. Then, the testing specimens of the nano‐Sb2O3/PBT composites of differing compositions were prepared by melting blending technology. The crystallization, thermal, and mechanical properties of composites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyzer, and mechanical performance test. The tensile and impact fracture surfaces of composites were determined by scanning electron microscopy. Besides, the influence of the Sb2O3 nanoparticles surface modification on crystallinity, mechanical properties of the composites, and the interfacial adhesion between nano‐Sb2O3 and PBT was systematically investigated. The results indicate that the main crystalline characteristics of PBT matrix remain unchanged in the nanocomposites. However, the addition of nano‐Sb2O3 particles plays a heterogeneous nucleation and can effectively improve the crystallization of PBT matrix. In addition, the compound modification of the nano‐Sb2O3 can effectively enhance mechanical properties of the composites and interfacial interaction between nano‐Sb2O3 and PBT. The enhanced fracture properties in the nanocomposites were caused by the assisted void formation at the edge of the nano‐Sb2O3 particle. When the nano‐Sb2O3 mass fraction is 3%, the composites show excellent comprehensive performance. The interfacial adhesion parameter B and the half‐debonding angle θ of composites were assessed to quantitatively characterize the interfacial adhesion strength between nano‐Sb2O3 and PBT. Finally, the reinforcement and toughening mechanisms were described. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 26:268–281, 2020. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers


What (political) geography ought to be. Political geography between peace and war Geography has been often accused of being a discipline useful, above all, to make war. But, at the end of the Nineteenth century, Kropotkin already envisaged a totally different use of geography, which, on the contrary, ought to be an instrument for mutual knowledge and understanding. The paper explores the complex relations between different attitudes toward wars (from the acceptance of it as a prosecution of politics to the total refusal of violence of modern pacifism) and the chances of using political geography as a tool for justifying war or for making the conditions of a future of peace. What (political) geography ought to be. La geographie politique pendant la paix et la guerre La geographie ete asouvent accuse d'etre une discipline utile, d'abord, a faire la guerre. Cependant, a la fin du XIXe siecle, Kropotkin a envisage deja une utilisation radicalement differente de la geographie, qui, au contraire, doit etre un instrument de connaissance et de comprehension mutuelle. Cette contribution explore les relations complexes entre les differentes attitudes de les geographes vis a vis des guerres (en partant de l'acceptation de la guerre celui-ci comme une continuation de la politique pour arriver au refus total de la violence du pacifisme moderne) et les chances d'utiliser la geographie politique comme un outil pour justifier la guerre ou pour creer les conditions d'un avenir de paix.


A transmission and reception unit repeatedly scans a three-dimensional scanning area including a specific part of a patient with an ultrasonic beam via an ultrasonic probe. A volume data set generation unit generates a plurality of volume data sets whose scanning times different from one another in accordance with the output from the transmission and reception unit. A section image generation unit respectively generates the data of a plurality of the section images concerning the predetermined section of the specific part based on the plurality of the volume data sets. An image display unit displays the plurality of section images by changing at least one of the position and the size of each of the plurality of section images against the display area in accordance with variation of at least one of the position and the shape of the specific part on the plurality of section images.


Aiming at the problems of high cost, low real-time performance of manual identification of low-voltage station topological structure, automatic identification methods such as instantaneous power failure method and voltage correlation analysis method, which affect residents' electricity consumption, and the success rate is limited by application scenarios, this paper proposes a method based on multiple linear regression Line impedance analysis method for automatic identification of the topology of low-voltage stations. Based on the relationship between voltage, current, and impedance, multiple linear regression analysis is used to derive the upstream topology step by step from the bottom up to the top of the topology and then determine the station membership by voltage correlation. The cloud platform based on Docker technology and Hadoop technology is used for data distributed storage calculation, and an identification model in the context of big data is established to effectively improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Finally, the correctness of the algorithm verification is judged based on the results of manual field verification.


Abstract Recent advances in the acquisition, processing, and interpretation of gravity and magnetics methods now enable the use of these data for solving a wide range of seismic problems. In the summer of 1995, LCT in conjunction with Robertson Research International, Kevron Ply Ltd. and Oil Search Plc. acquired a unique airborne gravity, magnetics, and seepfinder survey over the Erlend Basin in the North Sea. A review of the gravity data from this survey demonstrates an accuracy approaching that of 2D marine surveys. There is an increasing number of marine 3D seismic surveys being acquired with concurrently recorded high resolution gravity and magnetics data. Instrumentation, navigation, and processing advances have led to significantly increased gravity and magnetics data resolution. State of the art workstation software tools provide a means for the integration of seismic, gravity, and magnetic data. Integrated interpretations have aided in the delineation of complex imaging problems including the verification and enhancement of seismic velocity models. A review is given of technical developments, economic considerations, and case studies in support of integrated 3D marine surveys utilizing gravity, magnetics, and seismic data.


In this paper, a three-dimensional thermoelastic contact model of coated solids with the frictional heat partition considered is developed by introducing a frictional heat partition model. The influence coefficients of the temperature rise, normal displacement and stress components in the three-dimensional thermoelastic contact model are converted from their corresponding frequency response functions (FRFs) with a conversion method based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT), and the FRFs of solids coated with a homogeneous coating subjected to a coupled action of the mechanical loading and the frictional heat flux on its surface are deduced in the frequency domain by introducing a two-dimensional Fourier integral transform. The contact pressure and the frictional heat partition between the two bodies are solved by employing a fast numerical algorithm based on the conjugate gradient method (CGM) and a discrete convolution fast Fourier transformation (DC-FFT). Comparison between the solutions of the present model and those of a thermoelastic contact model in literature is conducted in order to validate the present model. Several specific conclusions on the effect of the sliding speed, thermoelastic properties and thickness of the coating are drawn based on the result of numerical investigation by utilizing the present model.


In the light of water shortages, frequently affecting many regions worldwide, domestic rainwater harvesting, and greywater reuse systems represent an alternative source of water. This study fits this framework providing a hydraulic/hydrological model developed by means of the EPA's Storm Water Management Model. The model has been applied to a case study, which consists of an apartment building located in the city of Bologna and equipped with a hybrid rainwater-greywater recycling system. Cold, hot and recycled water consumptions were monitored for four flats located in the same building. Data analysis shows that the recycled water consumption accounts for a third of the total one, when considering only the supply for toilet flushing, while in garden flats, where recycled water is used also for watering, non-potable water consumption accounts for about 56% of the total. Continuous simulations were performed with 13 years daily rainfall data, and the long-term performance of different system combinations were evaluated. The case study shows a non-potable water saving efficiency of 75.86%, which accounts by 26.71% of the mains water withdrawal. Simulations performed by changing system type demonstrated that, due to the high number of inhabitants and of the great extension of the areas to be irrigated, the contribution of rainwater harvesting is moderate. In fact, non-potable water saving efficiency curves tend to flatten as the values of the tank volume increase. Furthermore, the system demonstrates a good ability in lowering both stomwater runoff and greywater volumes.


Objective:  Irritability is common during major depressive episodes, but its clinical significance and overlap with symptoms of anxiety or bipolar disorder remains unclear. We examined clinical correlates of irritability in a confirmatory cohort of Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study participants with major depressive disorder (MDD).


Preliminary results for Version 4.113 of the Nevada National Security Site Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site performance assessment model are summarized. Version 4.113 includes the Fiscal Year 2011 inventory estimate.


One of the most pressing challenges confronting sustainable management of water resources is access to safe water supply and sanitation services for all. Traditionally, dealing with water security and providing people with access to affordable and safe water has been done by government. However, for the last couple of decades, there has been increased involvement of the private sector to finance, develop, manage and operate water infrastructure facilities, particularly the new ones such as desalination plants and water treatment plants. But the terms 'privatisation' and 'contracting out' are always highly controversial topics. In Australia, the debate is ongoing. Ganesh Keremane, Jennifer McKay and Elnaz Ettehad draw on the empirical data from three online surveys conducted in Australia and document community and water planners' perspectives on who should be governing Australia's water resources. The results indicate a strong preference for the public sector, particularly the federal government.


There is no consensus on the optimal technique to achieve cervical ripening in nulliparous women before attempting labor induction. Common cervical ripening methods include a synthetic prostaglandin (PGE2) gel, a single balloon (Foley) catheter, or a double balloon catheter. Studies investigating these techniques have been limited by differences in patient population, design deficiencies, and inconclusive results. This randomized controlled trial compared these 3 induction methods for efficacy, safety, and the level of patient satisfaction in 330 term nulliparous women with unfavorable cervices. The study subjects were randomized to receive either a double balloon catheter (n = 107), single balloon (Foley) catheter (n = 110), or a PGE2 gel (n = 113). No difference was found in rates of cesarean delivery between the groups (double balloon 43%, single balloon 36%, and PGE2 37%, P = 0.567). The time from induction to delivery was longer in the double balloon group (median: 24.5 hours, 95% confidence interval: 23.7-30.6 hours) compared to single balloon (23.2, 20.8-25.8 hours) or PGE2 (23.8, 21.7-26.8 hours, P = 0.043). Use of the PGE2 gel for cervical ripening was associated with uterine hyperstimulation (14%), with none occurring in the other 2 groups. No adverse reactions occurred in the group receiving the single balloon catheter. Significantly more adverse reactions were noted in the PGE2 group (17 events) than in the double balloon catheter group (5 events; P < 0.001). The PGE2 group also had a lower median arterial pH: 7.25 (range: 6.91-7.41) in the PGE2 group, 7.26 (range: 7.03-7.40) in the double balloon group, and 7.26 (7.05-7.44) in the single balloon group (P = 0.050). Significantly less pain was reported by the women in the single balloon group during the cervical ripening phase: 36% had a pain score ≥4 in the single balloon group compared with 55% in the double balloon group and 63% in the PGE2 group (P < 0.001). The median overall satisfaction scores were the same in all 3 groups (8/10). These findings show that term women with unfavorable cervices have high cesarean delivery rates that are not affected by the method of induction. Although the efficacy of the induction techniques is similar, the data suggest to the investigators that a single balloon catheter is the safest and most acceptable method of cervical ripening.


Toll-like and Interleukin-1/18 receptor (TIR) resistance proteins have been identified across biology to function as important multimodal signal transduction and immune regulatory molecules. Select TIR domain containing proteins identified in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic species have also been found to have NAD+ hydrolase activity in bacteria, plants and in mammalian cells. We report the crystal structure of the Acinetobacter baumannii Toll-Interleukin-1 receptor resistance domain protein (AbTIR) determined to a resolution of 2.8 Å, confirm its enzymatic function in NAD+ hydrolysis and map its interaction with NAD+ using HDX-MS. Additionally, we have developed a novel assay for measuring AbTIR's enzymatic activity in live bacteria using label-free quantitative two-photon fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging microscopy (2p-FLIM). These studies provide new insight into TIR protein mechanisms and their varying roles across biology.
 Supported by R01 AI-082299, R21 CA191726-01


Feeding a growing population from a limited land area is a challenge and pro-livestock lobby maintains that livestock are essential to developing sustainable agricultural systems in Third World countries. However, livestock production, which is perceived by the public to be potential food for the world's needy people is a major pollutant of the countryside (where they are raised) and cities, if processors do not manage slaughter wastes properly with dung and slurry washed into waterways. Other environmental problems include pollution of soil with dung and the atmosphere with methane (a green house gas). Manure also produces nitrous oxide, which is the most damaging of the green house gases being 320 times more effective than carbon dioxide at holding heat in the atmosphere (Barrett, 2001). This Paper discusses the environmental impacts and public health implications of the unhygienic sanitary condition at Bodija municipal abattoir in southwestern Nigeria.


The flowering habit of 4 sterile lines and 15 restorer lines of hybrid japonica rice was observed to improve seed yield by effectively adjusting parents' flowering stage and duration.The results showed that the flowering duration of sterile lines and restorer lines was 7.0d and 2.5d and the average forenoon flowering rate of sterile lines and restorer lines was 58.8% and 73.9% respectively,and the flowering peak of most restorer lines and sterile lines(except Zhongzuo 59A) was 2~3d and 4~5d after flowering,the daily flowering peak of sterile lines(except 3A) was later than restorer lines,and there was difference in flowering habit between different restorer lines.


Endovideoscopic interventions on the liver in combination with intraoperative contrast of blood vessels and bile ducts allow to facilitate performing the manipulation stage of the intervention, diagnose previously hidden pathology and reduce the risk of postoperative complications This clinical observation shows the capabilities of intraoperative ICG/NIR chromoscopy during endovideosurgical left-sided hemihepatectomy in patient with colorectal metastases.


Enda Duffy is the author of The Subaltern Ulysses (Minnesota, 1994). His The Speed Handbook: Speed, Pleasure, Modernism is forthcoming from duke. Maurizia Boscagli is the author of Eye on the Flesh: Fashions of Masculinity in the Early Twentieth Century (Westview/ Harper collins, 1996) and the translator of Antonio Negri's Insurgencies: Constituent Power and the Modern State (Minnesota, 1999). she is currently working on a book on theories of commodification and materiality. modernism / modernity volume fourteen, number two, pp 189–207. © 2007 the johns hopkins


Different types of differential equations of mathematical models are usually used to model engineering problems in technical universities. Mathematical models constructed from modeling engineering problems are often expressed in the form of different types of differential equations. According to the character of the compiled model, the solution of these models is solved by means of solving differential equations. In the process of solving these equations, a series of actions are performed, such as approximate calculations or analytical substitution. As mentioned earlier, this process can be simple or complex depending on the structure and nature of the model. If the process is complex, in this case it is advisable to program and leave it to the computer after selecting the method of solution. It is well known that the solution of many engineering problems leads to the solution of various boundary conditions of a differential equation with variable coefficients. The solution of boundary value problems is much more complicated than the original conditional problem. Because it is much more difficult to build algorithms for solving boundary value problems with a given accuracy. A number of algorithms have been developed to solve the initial conditions with a given accuracy, which are expressed in the form of standard programs. Therefore, this is one of the easiest ways to bring border issues to the starting point. The solution of a boundary value problem using the differential progonka method is used to solve initial conditional problems that are equally strong. Another advantage of this method is that each algorithmic language has its own standard program for solving the Kashi problem with a given accuracy. The algorithm of the differential progonga method is presented in the following example.


Collateral sulcus (CS) develops during early stage of the gestation and is well formed at 23rd weeks during pregnancy. The temporal part of the CS continues with limbic ssure and forms a cortical fold. This folding creates a protrusion inside the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle that is named the collateral eminence. The occipital part of CS, which is named as the posterior transverse CS, forms a border between the lingual gyrus and lateral occipitotemporal gyrus. The CS and the occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS) are the prominent landmarks that separate the mesial and lateral temporal lobe. Collateral sulcus angle and depth are used as indirect criteria to look for presence or absence of incomplete hippocampal inversion. AIM: To describe the normal morphological patterns of collateral sulcus in magnetic resonance imaging of brain. OBJECTIVES: 1. To document the range, mean, SD of depth of the collateral sulcus. 2. To determine the collateral sulcus angle range, mean, SD in normal MRI brain. Materials and Methods: A retrospective and prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary centre using T1 3D MRI images of brain morphological pattern of collateral sulcus in normal individuals for whom MRI brain was normal otherwise was recorded. The MRI images of a total of 250 individuals qualied for the study. Collateral sulcus angle was calculated angle between line drawn horizontal and along depth of collateral sulcus. Results: We arrived at normal distribution of collateral sulcus angle and the mean Collateral Sulcus Angle Degree of the studied patients (N=250) on Right side was recorded as 38.66 degrees with standard deviation of 10.811 degrees. The mean Collateral Sulcus Angle Degree of the studied patients (N=250) on left side was recorded as 42.11 degrees with standard deviation of 13.09 degrees. In current study, we have observed that in all patients with collateral sulcus angle >65 degrees, depth of the collateral sulcus of the corresponding side is </= 7mm. (Mean collateral sulcus depth on right side is 10.1mm and on left side is 10.3mm). Vertical collateral sulcus (> 70 degree from horizontal) and near vertical collateral sulcus (65degree to 70 degree) are observed even with normally appearing properly inverting hippocampus. (Such verticality being possible by shallow depth (as observed in our study) of those collateral sulci). Conclusion: Since collateral sulcus angle and depth are used as indirect criteria to look for presence or absence of incomplete hippocampal inversion, we tried to establish their normal range, mean and SD in 250 normal MRI Brains. We found an abnormal collateral sulcus angle (>70 degrees) in one normal MRI brain study out of 250 study population. Vertical collateral sulcus can be seen as an isolated nding without incomplete hippocampal inversion especially if the collateral sulcus is of shallow depth.


A egates approved our bid for recertification as a recognized specialty. The vote marked the culmination of efforts by many in the Academy to present a cogent, thorough, and persuasive argument for the continuation of pediatric dentistry as a recognized dental specialty. All who participated, especially Art Nowak, John Bogert, and the leadership during those years, need to be recognized for their efforts. The work was an arduous, cumulative, and creative task. This was a unique activity without precedent as to direction, content, or volume. The data sources were not well-defined nor easily accessible. It was truly a " totally awesome " effort by all involved. Some will argue that the recertification was always a sure thing from the outset of the process. I must say candidly that several times during the process I was concerned that pediatric dentistry was in trouble. At my state component meeting, many members expressed similar concern after the initial application was returned because we failed to meet all the document criteria. That anxiety came out at component meetings across the country. Many of us had been led to believe that the recertification process was a formality, an exercise generated from the inner workings of the ADA to quell the rumblings of the geriatric dentists, implantologists, dental anesthesiologists, and others who have sought specialty status. The initial rejection of our application was a jolt. Can we as a specialty glean anything positive from the process other than the status we regained? Perhaps. I believe it was the philosopher Nietzsche who said, ". .. that which does not kill us only makes us stronger. " If we take our recertification as a sign of survival, then the efforts expended and the hard lessons learned will help us in the future, should recertification rear its ugly head again. We know ourselves and our environment far better than we did three years ago. There were some definite problems with the process-problems which created anxiety and anger. The process used a specialty certification document that was clearly outdated. It didn't jibe with the current AcE D I T 0 RIAL creditation Standards for Dental Education Programs that had been enacted about 40 years after the specialty document was first used in the 1940s. Proficiency and competency as operational terms in dental education and practice today have no meaning in the specialty document. It's as if we were judging the …


Noble metal tapered waveguides supporting plasmon-polariton modes are able to localize the optical fields at nanometer level producing a remarkable local electromagnetic field enhancement, which enables the realization of highsensitivity biochemical sensing devices. Here we report on the design, fabrication and experimental test of a novel photonic-plasmonic device that can be operated as an Atomic Force Microscopy tip and simultaneously for local probing of Raman scattering spectra. This result has made possible by recent approaches in nano-fabrication methods, which allow 3D nanostructuring of metals down to the nanoscale. The device demonstrates label-free detection capabilities on single inorganic nanoparticles and on monolayers of organic compounds in label-free conditions and native environments, allowing a topographic and chemical mapping of the materials with spatial resolution of a few nanometers.


A certaub radar inner-conductor choke-slot adopts thin-wall and "deep-hole" structural form;it is difficult for actual machining.On basis of specific dimension and position precision,we adopted creatively a precise machining technology using home made pipe tool,and the difficult problem of the choke-slot machining is solved.


The crystalline perfection of n‐type AlxGa1 − xN layers with Al content higher than x > 0.4 on epitaxial laterally overgrown AlN was investigated by high resolution X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence (PL), cathodoluminescence (CL) and resistivity mapping. The critical layer thickness of AlGaN is drastically increased compared to planar AlN/sapphire templates. CL mapping reveals compositional variations caused by different Ga incorporation during growth over steps resulting from step bunching of the AlN. With increasing Al content the homogeneity is improved. N‐type conductivity was achieved for AlGaN with Al content of up to 82%. Temperature dependent PL measurements of AlGaN/AlN multi quantum wells (MQW) emitting at 230 nm show that the internal quantum efficiency improves by a factor of about two for MQWs on defect reduced laterally overgrown AlN compared to planar AlN/sapphire templates. The data show the usefulness of defect reduced AlN templates as quasi‐substrates for AlGaN layer structures with high Al content that can be employed in light emitting diodes emitting in the deep ultraviolet.


This paper presents a comparison of analysis and flight test data for a drone aircraft equipped with an active flutter suppression system. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of modal dampings and frequencies as a function of Mach number. Results are presented for both symmetric and antisymmetric motion with flutter suppression off. Only symmetric results are presented for flutter suppression on. The analysis correlation is improved by using an empirical aerodynamic correction factor which is proportional to the ratio of experimental to analytical steady-state lift curve slope. The analysis overpredicts the flutter speed with the flutter suppression system off by 4% and overpredicts it by 2% with the system on. In addition to presenting the mathematical models and a brief description of existing analytical techniques, an alternative analytical technique for obtaining closed-loop results is presented.


This chapter focuses on several ways by which the political landscape of the 240s through 250s affected careers in Luoyang. The two Xuns, Xu and Yi, were cooperative during the Wei, were not overtly military until the 250s when Xun Yi made contributions to Sima strategy, and they were a family that possessed skill and learning in the court rituals. This made them able to mitigate any Cao Shuang taint and be seen as exuding the right kind of ardor. Xun Xus very first post-249 position was as Prefect serving outside of Luoyang, probably in the near south. The chapter shows how the two great policy struggles of the 270s-80s may have had ad hominem roots already in the mid-260s. One of the most important things to take from the consideration of factions is that they were malleable and could be paradoxical.Keywords: Cao Shuang; Luoyang; political taint; Xun Xu; Xun Yi


A compact coherent wind lidar system has been developed and is being tested in an urban environment. We use polarization maintaining fiber throughout the system to improve the stability of the heterodyne detected return signal. The 1.54 micron transmitter is designed using a master oscillator and pulsed power amplifier configuration. The receiver is operated in a coaxial arrangement and balanced detection is employed to reduce the effects of relative intensity noise, allowing for operation in the shot noise limited regime. Development and verification of the lidar system is enhanced by taking advantage of a set of ground based sodar, radar wind profiler and building top anemometers that are part of the New York City Meteorological Network. Operation in a coastal urban environment with a complex terrain such as New York City requires that the system be flexible enough to allow for adjustable operating conditions, tunable signal processing algorithms and user defined data products, so that the optimal performance can be chosen with a variety of practical applications in mind.


The lubricated interface at the piston-ring and liner and its interaction with different lubricants and testing conditions is examined in terms of experimental measurements that show the minimum oil film thickness developed at the lubricated or depending on conditions partly lubricated conjunction and the surface interaction intensity, as measured from the friction sensor. An analysis is carried out with the use of different parameters for the experiments as well as different lubricants in a simplified piston-ring simulation test rig. This analysis is further enhanced with the squeeze film effect investigations close to the stroke reversals and together with cavitation initiation and load-carrying effect results from previous experimental data, light is shed on the interacting surface's behaviour at the different lubrication regimes. Another parameter, the viscosity index of the lubricant is used as an indication of the effects of squeeze film shift and friction force measurements and how the load and temperature effect are influencing the squeeze film.


The perspective of development of trade relations between the Russian Federation and the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations has been considered. The following projects: transport ("Russian Railways" OJSC with Indonesia; PJSC "Gazprom" projects, the South China Sea; "Petros" company projects), as well as the "East Siberia-Pacific Ocean" oil pipeline project have been considered. The import and export of Russia with some of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries for today and over the past ten years have been analysed. The prospect of a comprehensive association between Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Eurasian Economic Union has been proposed. The most substantial and significant moments in maintaining the data of trade relations between countries have been highlighted. The possible reasons for the lack of large-scale and strong ties in some areas of activity between the Russian Federation and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations have been revealed, various options for creating and supporting mutually beneficial trade relations also have been offered.


As an importand financial innovation,reverse martgages have seconce in creasingly popular in the developed countries.It refers to the mortgage of self-owned property to get regular loan from financial sectors mainly used as pension.Reverse mortages help to improve housing mobility thus the life quality of the aged.By analyzing the features and existing problems in the U.S.reverse mortgage,the paper discusses the possibility of introducing it into China.With its market positioning in China,reverse mortgage could turn the potential needs into the substantial market.


Abstract A recent conference at the University of Cape Town that reflected on the dynamics of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa this past decade indicates some of the ongoing issues that call into question the communicative ethics for giving testimony and acknowledgement of trauma and guilt, and the place of those who testify and those who give witness. Kay Schaffer and Sidonie Smith's book, Human Rights and Narrated Lives, is a wide-ranging comparative analysis of that faith in (among other things) the power of testimony within discourses of human rights that emerged late last century. The methodology of the book draws attention to dynamics of life narrative that are useful for thinking about the production and reception of life narrative in the "War on Terror," and its distinctive reconfiguration of the language of human rights discourse


The pattern of Tirso's relations to Lope and his theatre is, at present, far from clear. Too much, I believe, has been taken for granted. What real evidence is there, for instance, of any personal contact between the two poets in Toledo? When did the Mercedarian write his most eloquent defense of the Lopean comedy: i.e., the defense found in the Cigarrales de Toledo? When did he begin his active support of Lope's theatre, and when did die master of that genre first take cognizance of the gifts that Tirso (i.e., Gabriel Téllez) came bearing? In what year did Tirso's faith in Lope begin to falter? What brought about a change of attitude on the part of both dramatists? What were their relations in the 1630's? These are some of the questions which we shall hope to resolve—or, where solution at this time seems impossible, to bring into clearer focus for future investigation.


A p arameter estimation method for stochastic rainfall-runoff models is p resented. T he model considered in the p ap er is a concep tual stochastic model, formulated in continuous-discrete state sp ace form. T he model is small and a fully automatic op timiz ation is, therefore, p ossible for estimating all the p arameters, including the noise terms. T he p arameter estimation method is a max imum lik elihood method ( M L ) w here the lik elihood function is ev aluated using a K alman fi lter techniq ue. T he M L method estimates the p arameters in a p rediction error setting s, i. e. the sum of sq uared p rediction error is minimiz ed. F or a comp arison the p arameters are also estimated by an outp ut error method, w here the sum of sq uared simulation error is minimiz ed. T he former methodolog y is op timal for short-term p rediction w hereas the latter is op timal for simulations. H ence, dep ending on the p urp ose it is p ossible to select w hether the p arameter v alues are op timal for simulation or p rediction. T he data orig inates from I celand and the model is desig ned for I celandic conditions, including a snow routine for mountainous areas. T he model demands only tw o inp ut data series, p recip itation and temp erature and one outp ut data series, the discharg e. I n sp ite of being based on relativ ely limited inp ut information, the model p erforms w ell and the p arameter estimation method is p romising for future model dev elop ment. q 2 0 0 5 E lsev ier B . V . A ll rig hts reserv ed. Keyw ords: C oncep tual stochastic model; R ainfall-runoff model; Parameter estimation; M ax imum lik elihood; E x tended K alman fi lter; Prediction and simulation 1 . I n tro d u cti o n A ll hy drolog ical models are ap p rox imations of reality , and hence the outp ut of a sy stem can nev er be p redicted ex actly and the p roblem is how to achiev e an accep table and op erational model. T he numerous hy drolog ical models w hich already ex ist v ary in their model construction, p artly because the models serv e somew hat different p urp oses. T here are models for desig n of drainag e sy stems, models for fl ood forecasting , models for w ater q uality , etc. S ing h and W oolhiser ( 2 0 0 2 ) g iv e a comp rehensiv e ov erv iew of mathematical modelling of w atershed hy drolog y , how ev er, a brief ov erv iew w ill be g iv en here. T he H B V model, see B erg ström ( 1 9 7 5 , 1 9 9 5 ) , is a standard model in the S candinav ian countries J ournal of H y drolog y 3 2 6 ( 2 0 0 6 ) 3 7 9 – 3 9 3 w w w . elsev ier. com/ locate/ j hy drol 0 0 2 2 -1 6 9 4 / $ see front matter q 2 0 0 5 E lsev ier B . V . A ll rig hts reserv ed. doi: 1 0 . 1 0 1 6 / j . j hy drol. 2 0 0 5 . 1 1 . 0 0 4 * C orresp onding author. T el. : C 3 5 4 5 6 9 6 0 5 1 ; fax : C 3 5 4 5 6 8 8 8 9 6 ; E -mail address: hj @ os. is ( H . J onsdottir) .


Log‐transforming the dependent variable of a regression model, though convenient and frequently used, is accompanied by an under‐prediction problem. We found that this underprediction can reach up to 20%, which is significant in studies that aim to estimate annual budgets. The fundamental reason for this problem is simply that the log‐function is concave, and it has nothing to do with whether the dependent variable has a log‐normal distribution or not. Using field‐observed data of soil CO2 emission, soil temperature and soil moisture in a saturated‐specification of a regression model for predicting emissions, we revealed that the under‐predictions of the log‐transformed approach were pervasive and systematically biased. The key determinant of the problem's severity was the coefficient of variation in the dependent variable that differed among different combinations of the values of the explanatory factors. By applying a parsimonious (Gaussian‐Gamma) specification of the regression model to data from four different ecosystems, we found that this under‐prediction problem was serious to various extents, and that for a relatively weak explanatory factor, the log‐transformed approach is prone to yield a physically nonsensical estimated coefficient. Finally, we showed and concluded that the problem can be avoided by switching to the nonlinear approach, which does not require the assumption of homoscedasticity for the error term in computing the standard errors of the estimated coefficients.


In this paper, we investigate a method of transmit power control (TPC) for wireless-powered secure communications with untrusted energy harvesting receivers (EH-Rxs), which are allowed to harvest energy but not to decode information from the signals sent by transmitters. In practice, channel state information (CSI) is sometimes inaccurate due to the time-varying nature of wireless channels and quantization errors in the CSI feedback. Furthermore, the CSI on the EH link between transmitters and EH-Rxs is likely to be more inaccurate than the CSI on the signal link when the EH-Rxs act deceitfully, so the level of uncertainty in the CSI can be different for the signal link and the EH link. In the presence of this heterogeneity of channel uncertainty, a deep learning (DL)-based TPC strategy is proposed to maintain the confidentiality of information at the untrusted EH-Rxs whilst guaranteeing that the required energy can still be harvested. In particular, the modified CSI for each signal and EH link, which is generated from the estimated CSI through the addition of random noise, is taken into account in the training of a deep neural network (DNN) to compensate appropriately for the heterogeneous errors in the CSI. Simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme provides a good approximation to the optimal TPC strategy, even in the presence of severely heterogeneous channel errors, such that it outperforms conventional baseline schemes and shows a near-optimal secrecy performance whilst achieving a significantly lower computation time.


This chapter engages with various postmodern theories of adaptation (Douglas Lanier's Shakespearean Rhizomatics in particular) in order to explore how Shakespeare reshaped his source material from Ovid's Metamorphoses to construct the horrific body trauma of Titus Andronicus. Shifting the typical focus of adaptation theory from recent adaptations of "Shakespeare" to Shakespeare's own adaptation of Ovid, this essay examines specific moments from both Titus Andronicus and the tales of Philomela and Actaeon in the Metamorphoses—especially in connection to the performance of the "unspeakable," the "obscene," and the "irreligious"—in order to better understand the early modern play, the classical poem, and the very act of adaptation itself.


This article considers recent literature on optimal monetary policy in simple open-economy models. The presence of pricing to market, incomplete financial markets, and differences in preferences among households (in different countries) introduces some fundamental differences between closed- and open-economy New Keynesian models. In addition to the goals of stabilizing inflation and the output gap, policy makers may target currency misalignments and global imbalances. Optimal policies may involve targeting the exchange rate both directly, because of currency misalignments, and indirectly, because of the effects of exchange rates on imbalances, inflation, and output gaps.


An understanding of the spin-transport properties in semiconductor barriers is essential to improve the performance of spin-polarized light-emitting diodes (spin LEDs) for future optospintronics integration in information processing. Here, we report on the temperature and bias-voltage dependence of spin-transport properties in an ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.5}\mathrm{As}$ quantum dot (QD) spin LED using a combination of spin-dependent electroluminescence (EL) and time-resolved photoluminescence. The QD EL spin polarization increases with an increase in temperature above 125 K; this is attributed to the improved conversion efficiency from spin polarization of electrons to circular polarization of photons of the QDs. We find that both the electric field and temperature can enhance spin relaxation in the undoped $\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}$ barrier above 200 K. At 298 K, the QD EL spin polarization decreases beyond 2.5 V; this is attributed to the enhanced D'yakonov Perel' spin relaxation in the undoped $\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{As}$ barrier caused by the increase in electron temperature. This study provides valuable insights into the spin-relaxation mechanism in the semiconductor barrier during the room-temperature operation of the QD spin LED.


The Empty Tank: Oil, Gas, Hot Air, and the Coming Global Financial Catastrophe, by Jeremy Leggett. Random House, 2005. ISBN 1-4000-6527-5.


A low crank case bearing insert for an engine and a method of manufacturing a low crank case using a bearing insert are provided to improve surface adhesion of the bearing insert onto a low crank case while minimizing shape variation of the bearing insert. A low crank case manufacturing method includes steps of forming a protruding surface(30) of a bearing insert(10), and forming a low crank case by setting the bearing insert having the protruding surface in a mold and performing aluminum/magnesium gravity molding or high pressure molding. The bearing insert forming step includes a step of patterning a mixture of silica sand, bentonite, moisture, and surfactant at a position where protrusions are to be formed.


Data from commercial sea sampling programs are used to examine the relationship between target species sought and the species composition of resulting catches in the mixed species otter trawl fisheries in the MidAtlantic Bight. Other characteristics of the fishery operation are also examined with respect to their effects on species catch rates in the region. Correlations between species abundances are higher when data are aggregated.aver an entire trip rather than when tows are examined singly. Areal and temporal factors are significant influences on individual species catches, which may serve as a basis for reducing by-catches. Based on preliminary discriminant function analysis of a subset of the data, tows from trips targetting cod and summer flounder are most easily idenified by their characteristic species mix rather than tows from trips targetting silver hake and yellowtail flounder. This may in part arise if individual species distributions are more highly variable or if the skipper modifies and expectation of primary species/species mix during the trip.


I felt the world narrow as I looked at her, a frail woman tonight thin and grey, lent animus by memory and desperation and loneliness. She gestured weakly as I came to her and said something, muffled, under the thick, coiled tubing which snaked to the mask bound about her face. I took the straps off, and at this early morning hour she straightened her hair feebly, gazing in the darkness as the machine sputtered and blew. I rapidly ministered to it, pleading for silence. Freed now, she spoke; Dimly, there arose an elegance, rapidity and lucidity, an English accent and gentle words spilling out in her deprecating way. She beckoned; I sat, and held her hand. She told me of her time-she was a young woman, on a boat, falling away, journeying overseas, Australia, to a new home far removed. Of a man she had met there, and loved and buried. Of her work-she had thought it very important; Of the children she had borne-how she missed them. For me, for herself, she sketched the arc of her star. Sitting on a precipice, she spoke: What really mattered now, here mostly alone, in the dark, a small hospital room and drawn curtains, fold-out fabric walls. At times I held that blowing mask against her face, to give her the breath, at times I asked a question-but mostly I listened and held her hand. The machine huffed, disconnected, waiting, in the dark. She smiled as she spoke, sometimes mocking herself, sometimes wry, sometimes happy, on some things she couldn't speak-we both understood. She held a strength, I knew, found in those who dare reject hubris. My pager interrupted, it was the world interrupting, really, I silenced it-and sat with her and listened until I could no more. Her last words, said with a smile: " I know you're busy. Thank you for listening to an old windbag like me. " I told her it was my pleasure-I have always honored teachers.


Thermoacoustic engine converts thermal energy into mechanical work by themoacoustic effect. The heater provides thermal energy and is one of the key parts. According to the characteristics of thermoacoustic engine, a time- averaged convective heat transfer method was introduced and developed to design the thermoacoustic heater. Based on the method, a novel thermoacoustic heater was designed, constructed, and applied in one self-made large-scale traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine. Results of computation and experiments show the heater is able to meet the heating requirements of the engine. The method is of great significance in designing heat exchangers with oscillating fluid.


The book of Ecclesiastes warns us (12:12) that 'of making many books there is no end; and much study is a weariness of the flesh' (as the buttocks of most Annals readers will doubtless attest). The...


The article deals with the interpretation of novel "Oblomov" in school practice. Dreams and thoughts of heroes together with drawing of gestures become means of disclosure of an author's position.


Abstract This article examines the changes of substance and form introduced into the provision of rate rebates by the Housing Benefits Regulations 1982, with reference to claimants other than those receiving supplementary benefit.'


The developmental process is carefully controlled by transcriptional and epigenetic changes that occur as a zygote transforms into an adult organism. This process can be reversed by the overexpression of transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, which reprogram a differentiated cell!s nucleus to one that is transcriptionally and epigenetically indistinguishable from an embryonic stem (ES) cell. However, it is still unclear if transcription factors can completely convert the nucleus of a differentiated cell into that of a distantly related somatic cell type with complete transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming maintained in the absence of exogenous factor expression. To test this idea, we generated doxycyline (dox)-inducible vectors encoding neural stem cell-expressed factors. We found that stable, self-maintaining NSC-like cells could be induced under defined growth conditions. These cells were characterized in the absence of exogenous factor induction and were shown to be transcriptionally, epigenetically, and functionally similar to endogenous embryonic cortical NSCs. Additionally, a cellular system was created for reproducible generation of doxindependent iNSCs without additional factor transduction. Our results show that a transcriptionally and epigenetically reprogrammed somatic nucleus can be stabilized in vitro and provides a tool to study the mechanism of somatic cell conversion. Thesis Supervisor: Rudolf Jaenisch Title: Professor of Biology


Abstract Privacy is becoming a urgent issue in information systems nowadays because of the stringent requirements imposed by data protection regulations. Traditional security approaches based on access control and authorization are not adequate to address these requirements. The underlying fundamental problem is that those approaches are preventive and thus they are not able to deal with exceptions. In this paper, we present a practical privacy framework that shifts the problem of preventing infringements into a problem of detecting infringements. The framework is based on systematic log auditing, use of patterns and privacy metrics to detect and quantify infringements.


Objective To investigate the status of cardiac nurses' knowledge about diabetes mellitus( DM) medication,so as to provide basis for relevant knowledge training. Method A total of 200 cardiac nurses from a cardiology hospital were investigated with a self- designed questionnaire of the general information and the knowledge about DM medication. Results The overall status of cardiac nurses' knowledge about DM medication was relatively low,with a score of( 12. 41 ±3. 51). There existed significant differences about status of knowledge among cardiac nurses in different wards,professional titles and working years( P 0. 01). Conclusion The cardiac nurses' knowledge about DM medication needs to be improved,various kinds of continuing education of DM knowledge can be strengthened to protect the patients' safety.


The problems involved in buildiing a molten-salt thermalbreeder reactor are reviewed, and it is concluded that the most feasible construction is an externally-cooled reactor with the fuel salt passing through the reactcr core in graphite tubes. A reactor with 15% of the core vollume occupied by fuel salt and 5% occupied by fertile salt would have a net breeding ratio of about 1.06. The specific power is about 3.0 Mw(th) per kg of U/sup 233/, U/sup 235/, and Pa in the entire reactor and chemical processing system, The resulting doubling time is 13 fuil-power years. The cost of the fuel cycle for a 1000-Mw(e) station with this breeding performance is estimated to be 1.2 mills/kwhr, The performance in terms of material utilization is an output of 1,18 Mw(e) per kg of U/sup 233/, U/ sup 235/, and Pa, and 3.2 Mw(e) per metric ton of Th. The latter figure could be increased by a factor of two at a sacrifice of 0.01 in breeding ratio, (auth)


Until now, four species were known to represent the tenebrionoid family Ripiphoridae in Hungary (KASZAB 1956, BATELKA 2007, MERKL & VIG 2009). In 2011, a specimen of the fifth species was found in the western part of the country, and the main goal of this paper is to publish this remarkable finding. However, this opportunity is taken to present a faunistic survey of all species of wedge-shaped beetles occurring in Hungary. Life history, synonymies, general distribution and important references about the Central European species were thoroughly summarised by BATELKA (2007), so these are not repeated here. Notes on locality listings – Names of the counties of Hungary and the capital city Budapest are in type. Words on the Hungarian labels were translated wherever pertinent, and written in brackets. Lack of date of collecting and/or name of the collector means that these were not indicated on


Summary Differential thermal analysis of a rapidly reversible transition in carnegieite to 7 kbar shows the transition temperature increases from ⪝ 707°C (on heating) at I bar with initial slope ≈ 8·0 deg kbar−1 and anomalous curvature (d2T/dp2 > o), with hysteresis between heating and cooling signals that decreases with pressure. DTA of rapidly reversible transitions in nepheline shows the very subtle transition near 185°C (on heating) at 1 bar decreases with pressure to ≈ 170°C near 2-3 kbar and hardly varies in temperature up to 6 kbar; and the higher temperature transition increases from ≈ 872°C (on heating) at 1 bar with slope ≈ 25 deg kbar−1, to 5 kbar, with the hysteretic interval remaining essentially unchanged in the investigated range.


Fingerprint identification is a biometric technique that identifies persons by using categorization models and computations on images at the most basic level. For feature extraction, a fingerprint detection framework that employs a number of image pre-processing methods as well as a variety of image locality bifurcations is described and assessed. For classification, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is suggested. This paper introduces the Gabor filterfor feature extraction and the ANN machine learning method for classification. The feature vector is created by combining Gabor filtering features with machine learning techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks. Using the extracted features, a multiclass classifier was developed. The experiments in this study were conducted using the NIST Special Database 4 (NISTSD4). In addition, the confusion matrix supported these findings and the proposed approach in terms of accuracy (97.95 %) outperformed more recent Machine learning classification techniques such as Random Forest, KNN, Support Vector Machine and Decision Tree.


Thermomagnetic studies of intermetallic compounds having the stoichiometry ACo5, in which A represents yttrium or a lanthanide element, have been extended to liquid helium temperatures. At applied magnetic fields of 2600 and 7200 oe, anomalies not appearing at high fields have been observed in the behavior of PrCo5 and NdCo5. These anomalies are an apparent second (low‐temperature) Curie point at about 126°K in PrCo5 and a maximum in the thermomagnetic curve of NdCo5 in the vicinity of 270°K. The data obtained for other ACo5 compounds are consistent with those reported recently by Nesbitt et al. Results for PrCo5 and NdCo5 indicate ferromagnetic coupling of the cobalt moments on cooling below 910° and 925°K, respectively, while in each case at low fields, the lanthanide moments remain disordered. With PrCo5 the data indicate ferromagnetic coupling of the Pr and Co moments below 126°K. Data for NdCo5 suggest that on cooling, a similar type of coupling develops at about 270°K, but this is almost immediately...


Three techniques of perceptual grouping were compared in terms of their effect on people's ability to read maps that always remained visible. The techniques differ in the way they create clusters of objects on map-like displays: by using boundary lines to form adjacent "countries" (Common Region), by coloring "city" symbols that belong to the same, contiguous, country in a unique way (Adjacent Color), or by using color to create spatially non-contiguous, overlapping, clusters (Color Only). Subjects were asked to compare the horizontal orientations of two cities at a time, and, in another task, to compare two distances corresponding to three map cities. Results show that orientation statements were verified faster for same-cluster cities than for differentcluster cities, but only in the Common Region condition. Neither distance estimations nor orientation judgments were distorted by any grouping technique, as indicated by an effect on judgment accuracy. The implications of these results for our understanding of map reading ability in relation to techniques for perceptual grouping are discussed.


Abstract Lipase has been used in large application industrial process. Various substances explored in order to find it unique from fungi sources. In this study, the organic waste liquid such as processing fish, septic tank and cooking oil wastewater were used as sources of lipase-producing fungi. The lipase activity and lipid degradation value measured to determine both production and it activity. Isolates, Mortierella sp T3.G1, Penicillium sp and Aspergillus niger T4.E3 T2.1, inoculated singly and in consortium at 40° C as long as 7 days incubation period. The results showed that the highest activity and degradation occurs when it added by Aspergillus niger isolates (0.1511 U/mL ; 83.95%) in cooking oil wastewater, processing fish wastewater (0.0997 U/mL ; 58.43%), and septic tank wastewater (0.0697 U/mL ; 67.36%).


Magnetic resonance imaging system includes a reconstruction unit, the reconstruction unit is configured to reconstruct the complex image complex-valued pixels from the magnetic resonance signals. Moreover, the distribution of the phase values of the complex image is calculated, by applying the phase correction to form corrected magnetic resonance image on the complex image. The phase correction is controlled on the basis of the distribution of the phase value of the complex image. In particular, histogram statistical power function effectively indicating the accuracy of the phase correction.