Cause of contamination in the study area nearby Jang Hang Refinery is dust scattering in refinery stack, and soil washing treatment is one of the proper technologies for soil remediation in this area. Site conditions frequently limit the selection of a treatment process. A treatment technology may be eliminated based on the soil classification or physicochemical characteristics of soil. This study was assessed the soil washing efficiency by conducting of soil characteristic analysis in the vicinity of Jang Hang Refinery Stack within a 2 km radius. Also, it was decided about remedial range with comparative analysis of As in soil by Korean Standard Test Method before/after revision, whereupon As concentration in soil showed a increasing tendency after revision. As a result, the soil washing using the size separation of soil was determined through identifying of As species in the soil. In this site, only particle size distribution and water content of soil can provide the initial means of screening for the potential use of soil washing.


The issues of boarding and daily pupils are discussed. The link between boarding and private education in New Zealand is weak. Few schools in New Zealand are 'boarding only'. The majority are 'mixed schools' which cater for children who live at home and attend as day pupils, as well as children who live away from home and board in school-affiliated hostels or residences. The students who attend school as day pupils and those who board away from home to attend school do experience school life differently. The level of school satisfaction is significantly associated with the amount of involvement a student has in the decision to attend a particular school.


This paper is a long draft chapter from my part of a forthcoming book: "Targeted Killing: For and Against." It considers the practice of targeted killing, specifically the fact that the practice targets people for death by name. It responds to the suggestion that there is no special concern about named targeting (provided the target is a combatant), by considering rules about assassination, attainder and outlawry. It considers the relevance of various philosophical ideas about naming and reference to the way in which targeted killing is practiced and justified. And it replies to those who defend targeted killing on the basis that it actually incorporates a quasi-judicial element.


Various insect species lay tiny, thin‐ and soft‐shelled eggs in a connected "egg mass". Especially in several lepidopteran species, the structure of such clustered eggs is covered with complicated scale‐like secretion, which has so far prevented analysis of individual embryos. However, few studies on methods to disperse egg clusters of such insects and to compare different methods have been carried out. To overcome these problems, we developed methods to separate egg masses into individual eggs, using two Tortricidae pests, Homona magnanima Diakonoff and Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The eggs were successfully separated from each other using potassium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite. Although the separated eggs no longer continued their embryogenesis, fixation with heptane–paraformaldehyde, permeabilization with heptane–methanol, and staining with several dyes enabled easy observation of embryogenesis. This protocol is expected to be applicable to other insect taxa and will facilitate further morphological and genetic studies in insects that lay egg masses.


Objective To evaluate the association between the score of modified St George's Respiratory Questionnaire(SGRQ)and severity of COPD using lung function measures.Methods 169 outpatients or inpatients that matched the criteria of COPD according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease(GOLD 2003)were included;each completed the modified SGRQ,and lung function measures.The subjects were divided into four severity groups according to FEV1 percent of predicted normal using the GOLD.Results FEV1 percent of predicted normal were related to total and the three sectional scores of SGRQ,the correlation coefficient were -0.703 and -0.716 in the activity section and total score.In ANOVA analysis,the differences of total and sectional scores between four groups were significant except the two groups of most severe disease.In the SGRQ score system,every partial score was related to the total score well, especially the Activity section and Impact section.The relationship between score of symptoms and score of imapct was less strong.Conclusions The results show that SGRQ score in COPD decreased with disease severity and deterioration of life quality.The data show a relationship between SGRQ and disease severity obtained by lung function.The SGRQ score can help in evaluating the severity of COPD.


ABSTRACT Sound masking systems (SMS) were introduced in the 1970s to improve speech privacy in open plan offices by establishing a constant, controlled minimum background sound level. Today, most SMS contain timer programs. These attempt to balance the need to raise sound levels during busy periods for greater speech privacy, whist lowering the sound level during calm periods for acoustic comfort. However, in modern offices, occupancy levels vary more unpredictably during the day, and from one day to another, reducing timer system efficiency.


The concept of Granger-Causality (GC) is widely used to draw inference concerning causality in applied economics. Stationary series are the term of reference used in GC testing, which is generally studied by means of a standard Dickey-Fuller test. We prove that, when the Data Generating Process (DGP) of the variables is either Broken-Trend Stationary (BTS) or Broken-Mean Stationary (BMS), correct inference can not be drawn from a standard Granger-Causality test and may identify inexistent causal relationships, even if the former variables are differenced. Asymptotic and finite-sample evidence in this sense is provided.


A probe holder comprising a sleeve and a biopsy system. The probe includes a rotatable needle portion, the needle portion is rotatably coupled to the rotatable thumbwheel and tissue samples manifold. Sleeve holder removably coupled to the probe. Sleeve holder comprises means configured to selectively rotating the rotary wheel with the tissue sample manifold coupled selective engagement mechanism. A method of using the system to collect a biopsy tissue sample, the method comprising: releasing the rotational thumbwheel is rotatably coupled to the tissue sample through the manifold engagement mechanism selectively actuated; and obtaining a tissue sample after releasing the coupling.


The authors consider the relativistic guiding center motion of charged particles (charge e, rest mass m0) in magnetic fields consistent with toroidal Tokamak equilibrium. The particle acceleration due to the toroidal electric field-essential to Tokamak operation-is taken into account. For the case of weak acceleration (eU/m0C2<<1, where U is the loop voltage), the poloidal locus of charged particle motion is found to be an envelope of closed drift orbits which, in the case of large aspect-ratio, are characterized by adiabatic invariance of their cross-sectional area. This allows, in the absence of collisions, a complete description of the motion and confinement of runaway electrons in Tokamaks. For peaked current distributions and sufficiently high energies drift separatices exist. They are calculated and their relevance to charge particle confinement and injection is considered.


The agricultural production-life-ecology resources,which has rich connotation and distinctive feature,is possessed of excellent tourist value. It is an important carrier for searching features and demonstrating activities of agricultural garden. Based on anglicizing the connotation of production,ecology and living,some countermeasures to promote the development of agriculture garden were put forward.


Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Neuropsychiatry, Neurodevelopment, and Neurodisability Letter to the Editor


Multi-modal retinal image registration is often required to utilize the complementary information from different retinal imaging modalities. However, a robust and accurate registration is still a challenge due to the modality-varied resolution, contrast, and luminosity. In this paper, a two step registration method is proposed to address this problem. Descriptor matching on mean phase images is used to globally register images in the first step. Deformable registration based on modality independent neighbourhood descriptor (MIND) method is followed to locally refine the registration result in the second step. The proposed method is extensively evaluated on color fundus images and scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) images. Both qualitative and quantitative tests demonstrate improved registration using the proposed method compared to the state-of-the-art. The proposed method produces significantly and substantially larger mean Dice coefficients compared to other methods (p<0.001). 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Székely, "Retina mosaicing using local features," in International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. (2006)) pp. 185–192. 33. M. Golabbakhsh and H. Rabbani, "Vessel-based registration of fundus and optical coherence tomography projection images of retina using a quadratic registration model," IET Image Process. 7(8), 768–776 (2013). 34. A. Sotiras, C. Davatzikos, and N. Paragios, "Deformable medical image registration: A survey," IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 32(7), 1153–1190 (2013). 35. Z. Li, D. Mahapatra, J. A. Tielbeek, J. Stoker, L. J. van Vliet, and F. M. Vos, "Image registration based on autocorrelation of local structure," IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 35(1), 63–75, (2016). 36. J. Zhang, B. Dashtbozorg, E. Bekkers, J. P. Pluim, R. Duits, and B. M. ter Haar Romeny, "Robust retinal vessel segmentation via locally adaptive derivative frames in orientation scores," IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 35(12), 2631–2644 (2016). 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This chapter delineates three conceptions of fairness in election law using the example of electoral boundary drawing. A tradition of 'positive' fairness in Australia and Canada - though recently challenged - is shown to be more democratically representative and coherent than 'negative' and 'perfectionist' conceptions dominant in the American election law setting.


Halide perovskites are a new class of semiconductors showing an incredible set of physical properties wellsuited for a large range of opto-electronic applications. These physical properties can be easily tuned and adapted to the intended application by modifying the composition and the size of the material. Additionally, these materials are solution-processed at low temperature and ambient pressure, and contain earth-abundant elements. However, some important challenges remain: the presence of lead and the stability. In this paper, we present some outlines of these materials in several fields of opto-electronics, i. e. photovoltaics and light-emitting devices, such as LEDs, single-photon sources, lasers, and photonics.


Today, many companies struggle with maintenance work established by pre-requisites during purchasing, installation and start-up of plants, systems and machines. In search for improvements in existi ...


The use of organic fertilizer is needed to replace the role of chemical fertilizers, preserving the environment and for sustainable agriculture. The study was conducted in Tanjung Sari, Kecamatan Medan Selayang. The research used a Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor is varieties (Argomulyo, Burangrang and Anjasmoro). The second factor is the ratio of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost, which include : chemical fertilizer 0% + vermicompost 100%, chemical fertilizer 25% + vermicompost 75%, chemical fertilizer 50% + vermicompost 50%, chemical fertilizer 25% + vermicompost 75%, and chemical 100% + vermicompost 0%. The result showed that Varieties significantly affected the parameters amount of produtive branch, weight of dry plant, weight of dry root, the number of pods per plant, the number of filled pods per plant, weight of dry seed per sample,and weight of 100 seeds. Varieties did not significantly affect the parameters weight of dry seed per plot. The composition ratio of fertilizers significantly affected the parameters weight of dry root, weight of dry seed per sample,and weight of 100 seeds. In addition, the ratio of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost did not significantly affect the parameters amount of produtive branch, weight of dry plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of filled pods per plant,and weight of dry seed per plot. The interaction between varieties and the ratio of chemical fertilizers and vermicompost did not significantly affected for all parameters. Key words : varieties, chemical fertilizers, vermicompost, soybean ABSTRAK


Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles, after some pre-processing, were chemically depolymerized for the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), an important monomer of PET resin. The optimized condition of PET hydrolysis was 100°C with 80% v/v aqueous sulfuric acid liquor for 30 min reaction time. The terephthalic acids (TPAs) were filtered out from the reaction mixtures with a sintered glass filter. The viscosity of recycled hydrolysis liquor was measured before it was used in a successive batch of PET depolymerization. The viscosity of hydrolysis liquor increased gradually from 5 mm2/s to 87 mm2/s. TPA yields were obtained from 85.03 ± 0.03% to 99.20 ± 0.06% and the color of TPA changed from bright white to off-white in the final batches. The structure of TPA was confirmed by FTIR, mass analysis, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The purity of TPA was found to be 95–98% from the HPLC study via external calibration technique. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) determined the thermal degradation patterns of TPAs and residual weights. This experiment reveals that repeated use of sulfuric acid hydrolysis liquor would be a good option for PET depolymerization in terms of resource utilization, TPA quality as well as sustainability. Graphical Abstract


Cadmium arsenide is a II-V semiconductor which exhibits n-type intrinsic conductivity with high mobility and narrow energy band gap. The films were prepared by vacuum evaporation with deposition rates of 0.5 nm s -1 and substrate temperatures maintained at constant values of 293 K393 K. Sandwich-type samples were deposited with film thicknesses of 0.1-1.1 μm using evaporated electrodes of Ag and occasionally Au or Al. Various electrical measurements have been performed in this work. Van der Pauw measurements on film resistivity values in the range of 10 -2 10 -6 Ωm were determined, which were strongly dependent on the deposition conditions and the film thickness. The resistivity decreased with increasing film thickness in the approximate range 10 -2 – 10 5 Ωm for films of thickness up to about 0.5 μm, retaining the lower value at higher thicknesses. AC capacitance studies were performed on Ag-Cd3As2-Al sandwich structures as functions of frequency and temperature over the ranges 100 Hz 20 kHz and 163 453 K. It was observed that the capacitance decreased with increasing frequency and increased with increasing temperature, tending to constant values at high frequencies and low temperatures. A linear log JV 1/2 dependence in sandwich structures it is clear that lowering of a potential barrier occurs at high fields in Cd3As2 thin films. The measured values of the field-lowering coefficient β for films having two Ag electrodes suggests that dominant Schottky field lowering in the thinner films (typically 0.1 μm) gives way to PooleFrenkel field lowering for thicker films (typically 1 μm and above).


Three cases of ankylosing spondylitis in Zulu men arepresented. They are of interest in that all 3 patientswere negative for HLA B27, a tissue-typing antigen thatis present in the vast majority of Caucasians with thedisease. We draw attention to the rarity of ankylosingspondylitis and also of the B27 antigen in Blacks andoffer some postulates on the relationship between thesetwo phenomena.


-Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a mounting area of behavioural research, which focuses on the minds of general public, corporate, commercial world, scientific and research community. The requirement of emotional intelligence skills reflects the transformation of social attitudes. It has been more than past five decades an idea of intellectual coherence was essence of human intelligence, which were widely accepted. Gender differences are delineating that divergence between females and males. Emotionally intelligent women are more capable to handle their life conduct with productive thinking which frequently embraces emotional awareness. In developing nation like India, subsistence of a considerable service of women to their family and society is a long-lasting trend which builds up the cultural environment of the country. Hence, current conceptual review spotlight on emotional intelligence and gender differences amongst women focussed on Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence


Biochemicaldeterminations ofand collagenous proteins made on the skeletal muscle tissues of rat fetus and new born rats. The biochemical change of contractile and collagenous proteins of muscle tissue that takes place during the intrauterine life is an e ssential part in the development andorganization of skeletal muscles. The study was performed on the albino rat, as a mammalian model. The specimen of muscle tissue from 29 fetuses at different age starting from day 17 and 5 new born rats was including in this study. The biochemical assays were performed at the medical city teaching laboratories /Baghdad.The estimation levels of contractile and collagenous proteins in the tissue sample were done by usingDouble Beam Spectrophotometer.As a result, there w as an increase in tissue level of contractile proteins begin even before fetal life and also there was decrease in collagenous proteins that start during fetal life .It was concluded, the rel ative proportion between contractile and collagenous proteins in developing muscle tissue is inverted in new born rats when compared with those rats at day 17 of embryonic development.


The UAV flight practice shows that there is correlation between motor vibration and UAV stability, in this paper, a UAV stability lost accident has been taken seriously, the UAV motors are measured carefully, and the characteristics extraction of UAV motor vibration signal is used to analyze the correlation quantitatively. The analysis results covert the time domain signal into frequency domain for more intuitive presentation, and the positive effect has been further proofed. The analysis method proposed in this paper could prevent UAV motor vibration from resulting more damage to UAV.


Environmental scientists and financial experts have recently been asking whether the damage costs imposed on the environment by industrial resource uses (often referred to as externalities) can be reflected in financial markets. We examine this question by summarizing work on mechanisms for including the damage to (or recovery of) ecosystem services directly in the price of a company's stocks and bonds and call this concept "environmental value creation through investment" (EVCI). Ten functions and 36 ecosystem services are presented that can benefit from good corporate environmental performance. Rating publicly traded companies requires collaboration between ecosystem scientists and business analysts. Metrics are being developed for reporting the impact of business practices on the value of ecosystem services within regions across the US.


The purpose of this project was to develop a repeatable process flow for the fabrication of Silicon-Nitride optical waveguides at RIT. Previous projects have fabricated optical waveguides out of amorphous silicon and polymers but never out of Nitride. The grating coupler pitch was varied from 700nm to 1500nm and the length was varied from 100μm to 1000μm. A target Nitride deposition thicknesses of 250nm, 500nm, and 750nm were deposited through LPCVD methods and were measured to be 150nm, 450nm, and 770nm. The thicknesses were chosen to be half the waveguide width for optimal transmission. Fabrication was successful for all three waveguide widths on the 450nm and 770nm thick Nitride wafers for both the Loopback and Ring Resonator designs as seen in figure 1. The grating couplers were able to resolve with pitches of 900nm to 1500nm but the 800nm pitch and under were overexposed and did not develop. Optical testing was unable to be performed due to test setup being broken at the end of fabrication. Instead simulations of the test setup were done to see the optimal transmission for the 450nm thick and 1000nm wide Nitride grating coupler and waveguide. The test setup can vary wavelength from 1500nm to 1600nm so optimal transmission should have been about 1550nm. The best transmission results came from the tester head at an angle of 24 degrees and the grating coupler pitch of 1300nm showing a peak at the 1500nm wavelength. Figure 1. Microscope capture showing resolved Nitride ring resonator waveguide design with grating coupler pitch of 1000nm. Biography Robert Dalheim is a Microelectronic Engineering student from Brockport, New York. Robert has worked as a Validation and Test Engineer for Synaptics Inc. and as an Applications Engineer for On Semiconductor. He was unable to take a photonics-based course while enrolled at RIT but wanted to learn more about the industry. With the help and guidance of Dr. Preble and his graduate and PhD students, this project is the basis for further photonics research at RIT. Following graduation, Robert will be moving to Manassas, Virginia and working for Micron Technology as a Process Engineer.


We prove Maslov's conjecture that the structure of the type of square root of a quadratic form is the unique structure of weakly singular solutions (with a point singularity) of the shallow water equations with the properties of asymptotic self-similarity and stability. This fact plays a key role in the study of the dynamics of vortical singularities and their applications to the description of typhoon trajectories.


ing of the growth in agricultural output in Mexico in general and in northern Mexico in particular. The period examined is from 1940 to 1960. The primary reason for beginning and ending the study with these dates is that the censuses, which are the principal source of data used in this paper, were available for these years. Actually, the rapid increase in agricultural production began somewhat after 1940. The aggressive land reform program of President Cardenas from 1934 to 1940 probably discouraged private investment in agriculture and new investment was delayed until the more moderate land reform program of President Camacho (1940-1946) became evident. Also, the results of public investment in irrigation and the agricultural research program undertaken cooperatively by the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican government did not begin to have an impact on agricultural production until some time after 1943.


Christian communication research will helps understand Christianity better,also enrich and expand the scope of communication study and its practical skills,and afford us a source of reference to spreading our Chinese ideas and culture.This article take Wangyi District,Tongchuan City,Shaanxi Province as an example.This chapter includes four parts,which is self-communication,interpersonal communication,group communication and mass media communication.


An overview of the development for neutralizing amine based reagent for water chemistry of steam boilers for medium and high pressures was given. Total values of the neutralization constants and the distribution coefficients of the compositions selected as a main criteria for reagent composition. Experimental results of using this new reagent for water chemistry in HRSG of power plant in oil-production company are discussed.


Anthocyanins belong to flavonoids,phenolic compounds,anthocyanins exist widely in nature,more than 300 kinds.Antioxidant effect of strong,can resist free radical damage on the human body,can delay aging,anti radiation effect.Anthocyanins is widely used in medicine,cosmetics,food additives etc..This paper describes the method for extracting the blueberry proanthocyanidins and measurement techniques.


A solvent-free, low-cost, high-yield and scalable single-step ball milling process is developed to construct 2D MoS2/graphene hybrid electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. Electron microscopy investigation reveals that the obtained hybrid electrodes consist of numerous nanosheets of MoS2 and graphene which are randomly distributed. The MoS2/graphene hybrid anodes exhibit excellent cycling stability with high reversible capacities (442 mA h g−1 for MoS2/graphene (40 h); 553 mA h g−1 for MoS2/graphene (20 h); 342 mA h g−1 for MoS2/graphene (10 h)) at a high current rate of 250 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, whereas the pristine MoS2 electrode shows huge capacity fading with a retention of 37 mA h g−1 at 250 mA g−1 current after 100 cycles. The incorporation of graphene into MoS2 has an extraordinary effect on its electrochemical performance. This work emphasises the importance of the construction of the 2D MoS2/graphene hybrid structure to prevent capacity fading issues with the MoS2 anode in lithium-ion batteries.


With the quickening of urbanization in China, the adaptability in city planning is seriously affected. Jiangjing, a typical city of medium orsmall size in the western region of China, is faced with many problems in city planning such as the inadaptability between the functional layoutand the planning for land use, the inadaptability between the public and municipal facilities and the city size, etc.. Thus, it is necessary to makerelative adjustment on the master plan to increase its adaptability in terms of the scale of land use, arrangement of land use and the constructionof facilities, etc., so as to meet the needs of urban development.[


This paper deals with the influences of many substrates known as nutritious elements or accelerating substances and of organ and murine leproma extracts of rats upon the respiration of the murine leprosy bacillus which had been treated with trypsin and centrifuged. The results obtained are below: 1) Seventeen substrates, such as glycelin, succinate and vitamin B12, did not accelerate the respiration of the bacillus in single addition. When liver or testis extract inactivated 60* 30min. was combined with succinate, the respiration is accelerated. 2) Untreated murine serum prevented the respiration. Liver extract, when inactivated, produced no influence. Testis extract showed acceleration of which intensity was stronger whed untreated than when inactivated. Acceleration was observed when extracts of murine leproma in liver, testis or subcutaneous tissue were applied. In these extracts inactivation produced more intense acceleration than untreated. Attention should be paid to the fact that extracts of various organs and murine leproma accelerate the respiration of the murine leprosy bacillus.


In Nigeria, in a local community conflict between Christians and Muslim groups, economic, historical, ethnic, political and religious factors have all played a role. The tensions between different ethnic groups were often fierce, and the religious identity has been used to mobilize and form alliances among them, against the other religious group. A Pastor and an Imam, who were involved in such clashes by formerly leading the respective militias, changed their understanding of religion and started to work together to resolve the conflicts in their community. They also partnered in another case in Nigeria, where 1,000 people had been killed in Christian-Muslim clashes. People from other countries, e.g. Kenya and Iraq, have been inspired by their approach which includes co-mediation with mediators from both sides of the conflict, references to the Bible and Qur'ân, a personal story of transformation, and the ability to create values people can commit to despite their differences. Religion is the primary identity in Nigeria. If you ask most Nigerians: "What is your primary identity?" They will not say: "Nigerian", but rather "Christian" or "Muslim". Nigerians like to talk about their country as the most religious country in the world. This is their self-image. Political parties also use religion as a mobilizing factor. The communities are divided along ethnic lines, and in many ways, the ethnic identity is the most competitive, but religion is used as a mobilizing factor to bring different ethnic groups together. This can undoubtedly lead to conflicts. In the case of the State of Kaduna in North-Eastern Nigeria, the conflict opposing Christian and Muslims militias was rooted in various causes. The spark that ignited riots was the market, which each community wanted to be in "their" place. As a result, Christian militias were fighting against the Muslim militias. Imam Mohammed Ashafa headed the Muslim militia in the fighting in Kaduna, where he lost two uncles. On the Christian side, Pastor James Wuye lost his right arm and also had some of his followers killed. It was a bloody affair. At the time, there was a series of interventions and spiritual awakenings. Both Wuye and Ashafa began to realize that their own faith, Christianity or Islam, was for peace. They realized that they should not be fighting against each other but that they should rather be making peace. They had a mutual friend, who also helped bring them together. When Pastor James Wuye's mother was sick, their mutual friend said to Imam Ashafa: "Pastor Wuye's mother is sick. What would it be like if you actually visited her in the hospital?" Then this friend made sure they sat next to each other. He saw the potential and found the way for them to meet. He enabled them to identify their common religiosity and commitment, and so they came together. They had an epiphany at about the same time (see the film "The Pastor and the Imam"). They formed the inter-faith center in Kaduna and helped forge the Kaduna Peace Declaration, which was influenced by the Alexandria Declaration.12 I heard about it and contacted them. We organized training programs in peacemaking and in interreligious dialogue for young religious leaders. We had another conference to try to stimulate the formation of a National Inter-faith Council independent from the government. In 2004, I read that 1,000 persons had been killed in the community of Yelwa-Nshar in Jos State as a result of Christian-Muslim violence. I urged Wuye and Ashafa to offer their services as mediators in order to bring peace to this community. They undertook field 12 The Alexandria Process led to a peace accord between Judaism, Islam and Christianity.


Objective To review the research progress of anti-thrombotic activity of centipede extract.Method By using database,literatures of anti-thrombotic activity of centipede extract were reviewed and analyzed.Result and Conclusion Studying the specific components of anti-thrombotic activity of centipede extract must be in-depth.Centipede can be used as a natural resource to find the prodrug with the anti-thrombotic activity.


Stay green (SG) in wheat, a beneficial trait for increasing yield and stress resistance, needs to be supported by analysis of the underlying genetic basis. Spectral reflectance indices (SIs) provide non-destructive tools to evaluate crop temporal senescence. However, few SI-based SG quantification pipelines for analyzing diverse wheat panels in the field are available. Here, we first applied SIs to monitor the senescence dynamics of 565 diverse wheat accessions from anthesis to maturation stages during two field seasons. Based on over 12,000 SIs data set, four SIs (NDVI, GNDVI, NDRE and OSAVI) were selected to develop relative stay green scores (RSGS) and the senescence of wheat populations occurs mainly at four developmental stages stage 1 (S1) to S4, accounting for the final SG indicators. A RSGS-based genome-wide association study identified 47 high-confidence quantitative trait loci (QTL) harboring 3,079 SNPs significantly associated with RSGS and 1,085 corresponding candidate genes in the two seasons; 15 QTL overlapped or were adjacent to known SG-related QTL or genes and the remaining QTL were novel. Finally, we selected three superior candidate genes (TraesCS6B03G0356400, TraesCS2B03G1299500, and TraesCS2A03G1081100) as examples by transcriptomes, gene annotation, and gene-based association analysis for further analysis and found that utilization of superior SG-related variation in China gradually increased following the Green Revolution. The study provides a useful reference for further SG-related gene discovery of favorable variations in diverse wheat panels.


Objective To evaluate the reliability,validity and responsibility of the efficacy satisfaction scale for COPD patients at stable stage.Methods One hundred and fifty-five COPD patients at stable stage were selected from January to October of 2008.All subjects came from The First Affiliated Hospital of Hean College of TCM.The Cronbach' α coefficient,Guttman split-half coefficient and re-test reliability were used as the indexes to reflect the reliability of the scale.The content validity and the construct validity were used to evaluate the validity of the sacle.The average score between pre-treatment and post-treatment was compared to evaluate the feasibility.Results The Cronbach'α coefficinent and Guttman split-half coefficinent of the efficacy satisfaction scale for COPD at stable stage respective was 0.906 and 0.758.The Cronbach'α coefficinent of the four domains respective were 0.905(working and life ability),0.645(clinical symptoms),0.788(efficacy) and 0.793(therapy convenience) for the efficacy satisfaction scale.The correlation coefficient between the four domains and it's items were within 0.70~0.87.The factor analysis of the scale extracted three common factors.The scores improvement with four domains was of great effect size change.The effective response rate was 91.2%.Conclusion The efficacy satisfaction scale for COPD patients at stable stage has better reliability,good content validity and common construct validity which could better distinguish therapeutic efficacy.


www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6zr2b809 Standard Protocol for Preparing Carbonized Archaeological Plant Remains William T. Whitehead University of California, Berkeley- Paleoethnobotany Laboratory February 15, 2005 Carbonized archaeological plants remains are processed using a H20, HCL, NOH, H20 cleaning technique. This technique i~ ps'ed in most isotopic laboratories that prepare carbonized samples that have been in the ground. The technique I use was the protocol developed at the AMS laboratory at CAMS-LLNL, taught to me by Dr. John Southon. The primary purpose is to remove all carbon sources in the sample that are not part of the carbonized mauix, such as carbonates, humic acids, and other substances the sample may have absorbed from the soil. The following protocol should be used to process all carbonized archaeological plant matter and sherd scrapings for anyone one of a number of isotopic measurement techniques. 1. An adequate amount of carbon (0.1 to 0.5 g) is selected for preparation and placed in a borosilicate or quartz test tube, labeled with a sample number and recorded on a sample sheet. 2. The sample is first wet with enough distilled H20 to cover the sample, this solution is then aspirated and discarded in an acid waste disposal container. 3. The sample is then incubated with 1-5 ml of lN HCL acid for 15 to 30 minutes, this solution is then aspirated and discarded in an acid waste disposal container. The sample may fizz, this is due to calcium carbonates dissolving. This is process should be repeated until the wash solution is clear to a weak yellow and does not fizz anymore, typically 2 to 3 times. The sample may dissolve completely during this treatment, if this happens start over but use .5 N HCL acid to do the washing. If the sample emits significant quantities of gas or color the sample can be warmed in a heating block during the incubation. 4. The sample is now incubated with 5 ml of lN NOH for 15 to 30 minutes, this solution is then aspirated and discarded in the basic waste disposal container. This process should be repeated until the wash solution is clear. The sample should emit significant quantities of brown pigments and it may take many repeated washing to remove all the humic acids in this step. 5. The sample is now brought back to neutral by washing with distilled water, this solution is then aspirated and discarded in the basic waste disposal container. At this point the sample can be sonicated if the sample is a large piece of wood, but is not necessary or if the sample is small or primarily particulate matter. This should be repeated until the wash water is clear. 6. The sample is then dried by heat, vacuum or in an dehydrating silica gel cabinet. The samples should be handled as little as possible at this point and kept dry. The sample can now be used for a variety of isotopic procedures, such are radiocarbon dating, or stable isotope determinations.


Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relays are useful in tactical millimeter wave (mmWave) networks to overcome blockages and improve link resilience. Getting the most benefits from relays, though, requires efficient strategies for relay selection and for beam management. In this paper, we use deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to jointly select unblocked UAV relays and to perform beam management. The proposed DRL-based algorithm uses rate feedback from the receiver to learn a policy that adapts to the dynamic channel conditions. We show with numerical evaluation that the proposed method outperforms baselines without prior channel knowledge. Moreover, the DRL-based algorithm can maintain high spectral efficiency even under frequent blockages.


Delamination or interlaminar cracking in laminated fibre-reinforced composite materials is considered as one of the major failure modes. The delamination or debonds may be the result of residual stresses due to the curing process, external impact damage, environmental degradation, fabrication processes or may develop in service, causing structural degradation or failures at stresses well below the strength levels expected for defect free material. The life expectancy for composite structure requires a comprehensive understanding of the materials response to the growth of interlaminar flaws/delaminations. The growth of delamination in composite structures (under opening, shearing, tearing, or a combination thereof) starts when strain energy release rate G under service loads exceeds the fracture energy, Gc . Figure 5.1 shows the three modes and directions of crack propagation. Mode I refers to the case in which the in-plane loading is symmetrical with respect to the crack plane and is also called he opening mode; mode II refers the case in which the in-plane loading is skew symmetrical to the crack plane and is usually called the sliding mode; mode III is the case in which the loading is anti-plane shear and is also referred to as the tearing mode. The carbon / epoxy delamination fracture toughness related to modes I and II from the fracture data is presented here.


High speed circuit breakers(HSCB) interrupt the generated arc within the arc chute to turn off the electricity flowing through the main circuit to prevent ground faults. In order to explore the arc generated from the contactor oper-ation, arc definition, establishment of arc interruption method, and analysis of magnetic driving force are required. In this paper, arc interruption capability has been estimated by exploring the difference in magnetic flux density of Lorenz forces using finite element analysis. In addition, since the number of grids and changes in the grid shape within the arc chute influence the formation of the inner magnetic field, its effects have been explored to enhance arc interruption capability. Assessment of interruption capability and analysis of grid shape, with rated operating current, are reported.


This chapter looks at the succession struggle in Moscow and its effects on the environment in which substate leaders operated. It discusses the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953 that unleashed a succession struggle and caused sweeping effects on the dynamics of regional rule. It also mentions the appearance of a new model of governance associated with Lavrentii Beria and adoption of reformist policies at the center. The chapter explains Nikita Khrushchev's assumption of power that inaugurated a decade long triumph of Soviet reformism along a number of policy dimensions. It also investigates reformist policies that had earlier been blocked by Stalin and grouped under the umbrella term "de-Stalinization."


Abstract One hundred fourteen academic libraries in the United States and Canada are surveyed for the organization of electronic resources within their home page and their cataloguing practice. The majority provide access to databases, electronic resources, subject guides, ready reference, and their own catalogue both on their home page and within their Web site. They usually provide links to electronic resources in the catalogue, though the practice is consistent neither among each other nor within themselves.


Abstract : Detection and identification of viruses present a particularly difficult challenge. In this report, we describe how a newly invented device detects and identifies viruses by measuring their physical characteristics (size) and breakdown products. The report starts by briefly describing the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and its components. It also describes how we characterize several known viruses. In addition, this report shows how the IVDS can be used to isolate and characterize viruses from complex media (e.g., drinking water, blood plasma, and sea water). Finally, we suggest some applications where the IVDS could be useful.


The invention relates to a method for removing SO SUB 2 OF SMOKE, SMOKE through which enters the washing zone a scrubber countercurrent to the absorption liquid. ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION absorption liquid consists of a mixture of water of ammonia, and liquid containing ammonium sulfite, is OUT BELOW THE AREA OF WASHING WASHER AND RECYCLE without intermediate processing, and sulfate solution ammonium RECYCLE THAT FROM THE oxidizer. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MIXING ammonium sulfite and ammonium sulfate is set in the range of 15: 1 and 3: 1.


Recent literature highlights the importance of germline genetic testing in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Surprisingly, a literature review indicates that family history (FH) records are incomplete in the major published studies from prostate cancer patients.


In this paper,a new arithmetic of model's burning surface area was provided to fast and exactly get the areas-thickness curve.UG secondary development function was achieved through MFC and UGAPI,MFC produced dialog box,UGAPI function performed burning surface back-shift algorithm.At last,the arithmetic was applied in a solid rocket motor grain,through comparison between the method and traditional method,the new method was testified to be correct and effective.


Around victory over Japan,there existed an active democratic atmosphere.During the period,TAO Xing-zhi published a series of articles on democracy and education for democracy.He proposed that China should recruit teachers for education and recruit members for democracy by the way of democratic education.He argued that democracy was a kind of spiritual vitamin to China,a democratic teacher could be a kind of barm to democracy,and we should learn democracy in democratic life.TAO Xing-zhi regarded education as an important foundation to democracy construction.He suggested that we could popularize democratic education from primary school to improve the democratic literacy of the masses.TAO Xing-zhi's view of democratic education is an important part of his thought of life education and it is beneficial to inspect the history of Chinese modern democracy education process and his life education theory development.


Cases of research misconduct had increasingly exhibited themselvesthrough the duplicate figures that they contain; Bik et al. [1] examined over 20 thousand biomedical published papers and found that 3.8% had inappropriate duplicate figures, with this percentage on the rise in recent years. Currently, the identification of Figure duplicates is mainly carried out by human reviewers; the process is slow and requires specialized training. There have been attempts to develop large-scale screening tools for image duplicates, but they are either unpublished [2] or do not perform very well. There exists prior research in the field of copy-move forgery detection. These deal with duplicate regions on a single image, but the methods could be modified and applied to cross-image matching, as we intend to. However, cross-image matching implies a much larger feature set to match between, and feature matching is currently the slowest step in the process [3]. Currently, there are two directions to address this problem. One is to use keypoint-based features, such as SIFT, to decrease the size of the feature set. The other is to apply hashing to the features and use hash lookup to quickly eliminate those features that definitely don't match; Bayram et al. [4] demonstrates that using bloom filters in place of traditional methods increased the matching speed at some loss of result accuracy. We plan to devise a method that applies hashing to matching SIFT features in order to reliably perform faster than prior methods on cross-image matching in large biomedical image sets. We expect the resulting method to perform faster than current methods with little to no loss of accuracy.


Most of the people associate cosmetic product with make-up, which is color cosmetics. However, in the eyes of Food And Drug Administration (FDA), a cosmetic is a product intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance. This includes beauty preparations (make up, perfume, skin cream, nail polish) and grooming aids (soap, shampoo, shaving cream, deodorant). Nowadays, cosmetic products are used not only for enhancing appearance but have become an essential care item that may protect, moisturise, repair and nourish skin, hair and nails. Undeniably, cosmetic products come with an element of fantasy and are bought primarily for glamour. Despite of the merging of this industry around the globe, the scientists behind these cosmetic products is yet to make known. When drawing the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries together, it is known as dermocosmetics where beauty and health meet. In this dermocosmetic area, it is where the chemists and pharmacists play vital roles in cooperating the most advanced research and technology to develop cosmetic products that are effective, safe, and gentle for global customers and for the Earth environment. As products used on the skin, cosmetics require more than mere functional properties. With the knowledge acquired from chemistry, pharmaceutics and pharmacy practice disciplines, it is strongly believed that chemists and pharmacis can contribute and play important roles in dermocosmetics.


The seasonal utilization of N, P, K, Ca and Mg by the various aerial and underground organs of bearing Chenin blanc/99R grown in sand culture under South African climatic conditions was tabulated. During the production of one ton of grapes, the bunches accumulated 1,39; 0,25; 1,98; 0,17 and 0,09 kg N, P, K, Ca and Mg respectively, the permanent parts of the vine accumulated a further 0,73; 0,10; 0,19; 0,14 and 0,08 kg, and the vegetative growth (leaves plus prunings) accumulated 1,77; 0,37; 0,88; 1,70 and 0,43 kg. Appreciable seasonal changes were found in the chemical composition of both leaf blades and petioles. The petioles showed a reasonably stable composition during the month following bloom verifying the results of other workers, and samples for analyses should, therefore, be collected at this stage. However, the nutrient concentrations in the leaf blades remained unstable. The nutrient export figures obtained in this experiment may be used in conjunction with occasional petiole analyses as a basis for fertilizer recommendations. However, in the case of petiole analyses reliable norms are still lacking.


Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is an ocular disease in horses of different breeds with a prevalence between 2.7 and 7.6 % in Europe and vitrectomy is a common method of treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the long-term retention of vision and control of uveitis after pars plana vitrectomy performed between 2005 and 2013 on eyes with a history of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). Vitrectomy in eyes with ERU can influence the recurrent nature of the disease. Previous studies indicated success rates regarding the further absence of uveitis between 73.6 and 97.7 %. Owners of the horses were contacted and an ophthalmological reexamination including tonometry, induction of mydriasis, slit lamp biomicroscopy and direct ophthalmology was performed in 116 horses (147 eyes vitrectomized). Visual acuity was examined by the dazzle reaction and the menace response. Aspects such as gender, age and breed of the horses, as well as leptospiral status and preexisting damage of operated eyes are described. A total of 246 eyes were accessible for follow-up information, whereas 147 eyes were available for ophthalmologic reexaminations. If only the reexamined eyes are considered, an improvement of the condition was seen in 133 eyes (91 %) and 14 eyes (9 %) showed at least one uveitic recurrence after vitrectomy. A positive menace response and a positive dazzle reaction were observed in 128 of the 147 reexamined eyes (87 %). The number of episodes prior to vitrectomy, the gender of the horse and the leptospiral status of the eye showed no significant correlation with the prevalence of recurrences. Coat color, breed and age of the horse operated, and preexisting ocular alterations showed a significant influence on the chance of postoperative recurrences of uveitis. Horses with a coat color other than "chestnut" and "black and brown" had significantly more recurrences and odds ratio for these horses developing recurrences was also significantly higher. The present study shows that a large number of reexamined eyes remained visual (87 %) and a large proportion of the eyes (91 %) showed an improvement of the condition after vitrectomy. Results of this study suggest that genetic factors, age and preexisting ocular alterations influence the long-term prognosis of eyes with ERU after vitrectomy.


: In NE Algeria and the Tunisia–Algeria border chains, detailed stratigraphic investigations across the Jurassic– Cretaceous boundary (JKB) are scarce and this important stratigraphic interval remains poorly known. This work attempts fulfilling this gap of our knowledge on the JKB successions in this area. It represents unpublished data on calpionellid zonations, based on bed-by-bed sampling, of two sections from the "Ravin Bleu" site of Batna Mountains. In the Jebel Kasserou and J. Bou Merzoug study sections, most of the standard Upper Tithonian–lowermost Valanginian calpionellid zones and subzones are first identified here. Their limits correspond to main calpionellid bioevents allowing to recognize a new Alpelliptica Subzone of the Calpionella Zone in the Lower–Middle Berriasian; subsidiary bioevents being useful to delimit six horizons in the Upper Tithonian Crassicollaria Zone and two others in the Middle Berriasian Elliptica Subzone. All these biostratigraphic units are correlated with their lateral equivalents in other Tethyan sections, mainly from Morocco, Tunisia, SE France, Spain, the Carpathian Ranges and the Balkanides. Chitinoidellid and most of the calpionellid species from Eastern Algeria are first illustrated here. In addition to their easy access and good outcrops, the continuous, complete and thick marine study successions are devoid of strong diagenetic alteration, synsedimentary features and tectonic effects. The "Ravin Bleu" site is proposed herein as a potential reference section for the JKB interval in the North Africa Maghrebian Ranges of the SW Tethys Margin.


95 Critical decisions and heavy responsibility commonly reported among physicians (especially surgeons) are associated with stress, burnout, and emotional exhaustion. There are risk factors and early warning signs leading to the development of serious medical conditions. Physicians often fail to recognize these signs in themselves as well as in their patients who are experiencing similar challenges. The balance between personal and professional life is particularly difficult for physicians who are inculcated with dedication in their medical and residency training, which includes long hours, hierarchical decision making, and a general sense of responsibility that often feels overwhelming. Correspondingly, it is notable that some physicians become overly immersed in their work such that they may become irritable with staff members and distant from family needs. Family disagreements over work commitments are not uncommon and should be viewed as one of many early warning signs of burnout and emotional exhaustion. Practicing physicians inevitably face major stress-related problems on a daily basis. What other profession faces potential life-anddeath consequences with nearly every routine, seemingly innocuous workplace decision? In addition, physicians rank high on scales of internal locus of control and thus generally feel responsible (sometimes overly so) for their failures in practice and bring upon themselves a higher level of stress by ignoring or denying their own symptoms and exaggerating their corrective yet deprecating self-statements.


Since the discovery of cocaine, several compounds related to benzocaine, lidocaine and isogramine were known as local anesthetic agents.1,2 But despite their effect they show side effects such as addiction and allergy.3,4 The general structure of benzocaine and lidocaine illustration in Figure 1, in which the phenyl (Ph) or aryl (Ar) ring is directly or indirectly attached to carbonyl group. The amino alkyl side group for all agents is for solubility purposes: Benzocaine structure contains a carbonyl group attached directly to benzene ring and through oxygen to amino alkyl group. BAA contains a carbonyl group attached directly to benzene ring through nitrogen to carboxy alkyl group, whereas PAA contain two carbonyl groups attached directly to benzene ring and through nitrogen to carboxy alkyl group. Local anesthetics are agents that reversibly block nerve conduction when applied to a circumscribed area of the body.4 This present work aim to prepare and evaluate the local anesthetic effect of some derivative namely benzoyl amino acids (BAA.I) and phthalyl amino (acids PA A, II) in which benzoyl group or phthalyl group is attached directly to the alphaamino group of the amino acid. These compounds are structurally related to benzocaine (III), because numerous improvements in the manufacture of local anesthetic solutions have been made. The present work aims to prepare and evaluate the local anesthetic effect of some N-benzoyl amino acids and Nphthalyl amino acids with aliphatic side chain; which are structurally related to benzocaine. Benzocaine structure Lidocaine structure


Preface.1. Introduction.2. Techniques of Preparative Silylation-Desilylations.3. Preparation and Properties of Siliconoxy Leaving Groups.4. Reactions of Free and Derivatized Carboxylic Acids and Carbon Dioxide.5. Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones.6. Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Silyl Ethers, Epoxides, and Haloalkanes.7. Reactions of N-O Systems.8. Reactions of S-O and Se-O Systems.9. Cyclizations and Ring Enlargements.10. Base-catalyzed, Acid-catalyzed and Thermal Eliminations of Trimethylsilanol, Peterson Reactions.11. Formation of Carbon-Phosphorous Double Bonds.12. Reductions and Oxidations.13. Dehydration-Halogenation-Activation and Silylation of Inorganic and Organic Salts and Metallorganic Compounds.14. Formation of Organic and Inorganic Polymers.Appendix.Subject Index.Author Index.


Abstract Familiarization, defined as visitor ability to recognize environmental information and proposed as a cognitive process in environmental interpretation, was examined for 150 users of forest trails. Respondents were asked to indicate the degree to which they recognized correctly statements concerning the content of interpretive sign messages. Nearly three-quarters of the trail users recognized 70 percent or more of the content of the messages. The average familiarity score of hikers was 78 percent. Implications for familiarity as a cognitive process in environmental interpretation are discussed.


The importance of implementing full day school in character building in elementary school students makes the writer interested in making a literature review. Character education is important to be developed and internalized immediately, because it has a noble enough purpose for the provision of students' lives so that they are always ready to respond to all the dynamics of life with full responsibility. The research method used is literature study. The purpose of this literature review is to obtain a theoretical basis that can support problem solving regarding the application of full day school in character building for elementary school students. The results of this research shows that full day school gives positive impact for the children's growth especially on establishing the character values since the early stage started from the elementary school.


Updated for the provisions of the 1996 Finance Act, this edition provides an introduction to taxation in the UK, covering income tax, capital gains tax, corporation tax and inheritance tax. It is illustrated throughout with practical examples and self-assessment opportunities.


Basalt fibre is produced from melted basalt rock. This paper presents the experimental investigation carried out on the flexural characteristics of basalt fibre reinforced ferrocement composite using various kinds of basalt meshes. The results indicate that the use of basalt fibre meshes as reinforcement system in the ferrocement composite contributes significantly to the improvement of bending characteristics of ferrocement composite in terms of first cracking load, ultimate flexural strength, and well-distributed fine cracks.


In this review permeation tests which are appropriate for use on site are described and a general guidance to the selection of these methods are provided. Based on this, the necessity of a joint effort of many of research organisations and individuals involved in permeability/durability research to develop appropriate criteria for various exposure conditions encountered in practice to specify the performance of concrete on site with respect to the durability is indicated. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 861706.


Often consumer's definition of design concepts conflicts with designer's idea, and this has always caused confusions. In the context of product emotion, this work strives to understand consumer's emotional responses towards designs, and investigate how differences of designs affect emotions. This paper reports work to explore potential to design a recommender system for children's clothing in Malaysia with the implementation of Kansei Engineering. In the system, the knowledge base is formed from the Kansei evaluation and analysis procedure that are anticipated to provide data such as the semantic Kansei, the design influence and the specimen's Kansei. The result shows that Malaysian's consumer's Kansei in children's clothing could be classified into forty clusters and the Kansei design could be structured by five concepts. Strong relations between Kansei and specimen could be determined, and design influence could be identified by Partial Least Square Analysis. Inference rules for the system are set to include age group, price range and occasion. With the result successfully obtained from Kansei evaluation and analysis, the paper proposes a recommender system that could be of importance to support the design process of children's clothing in Malaysia. The system could also be used to facilitate consumers in objectively describing their desired clothing design to designers as well as retailers to avoid misunderstanding.


Objective
To compare the postoperative complications of laparoscopic esophagectomy combined with laparoscopic esophagectomy and conventional thoracotomy.

Methods
A total of 112 patients with esophageal cancer of the thorax and esophagus admitted to the Fifth Hospital of Datong from October 2015 to October 2017 were selected and randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table method. Fify-six cases in the experimental group underwent thoracoscopy combined with abdominal cavity, and 56 cases in the control group underwent conventional thoracotomy. The frequency of suctioning bronchoscopy, postoperative chest drainage and complications were observed. The postoperative recovery of symptoms and the improvement of complications were analyzed.

Results
The thoracic drainage volume of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The hospitalization days and antibiotic application time of the experimental group were less than those of the control group, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The tracheotomy rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The number of bronchial sputum aspiration in the experimental group was less than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The incidence of pulmonary infection and thoracic drainage decreases after thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, the frequency of sputum aspiration and tracheotomy by bronchoscope and the time of antibiotic application decreases, and the recovery is smooth. There is no major complication during the perioperative period, so these method has certain security and reliability.

Key words:
Thoracoscopy; Laparoscopy; Esophageal cancer resection; Complication


The minimum price of tendering and bidding system as an international bid evaluation method,has been widely used in engineering project bidding and government purchasing in developed countries and become an international practise. During the application,four key links should be paid attention to,including preparation,evaluation,supervision and risk, so that get great effects.


The solubility and absorption rate of CO2 in piperazine (PZ) promoted potassium carbonate (K2CO3) aqueous solution were measured at 1 atm. The temperatures ranged from 328.15 to 343.15K. The mass fractions of K2CO3 (w1) and PZ (w2) respectively ranged from 0.2 to 0.25, and 0 to 0.05. The influence of the mass fractions of PZ on the solubility, CO2 loading and absorption rate was illustrated.


Sometimes, a minor scientific event leaves a much more memorable trace than a large conference. On May 30–31, 2019, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University hosted a symposium on medical identities in various communities. Reports, reviews and discussions presented at the symposium focused on the problem of identity, a unique phenomenon that results from self-reflecting on a complex dynamic process of personal development. Professional identity is particularly important for a medical doctor. This article inspired by the reports of our colleagues summarizes the results of the symposium.


O ver the past several years, two advanced techniques have emerged in the operation of protected left-turn signals at signalized intersections in many jurisdictions. One is the use of protectecf-permitted left-turn operation, which permits left-turn traffic to turn on an unprotected basis during opposing through traffic intervals in addition to providing a protected left-turn phase. The other is operating one of an opposing pair of left-turn phases in a lagging scquencc, wherein the left-turn phase is serviced immediately after the opposing through movement rather than immediately before it.. Where they can be operated with no significant compromise to traffic safety, protected-permitted left-turn signals offer several advmtages in operating efficiency over conventional restrictive (nonpermitted) left-turn signals. Among them: q Except when opposing through traffic is so heavy as to provide no acceptable gaps for left-turn traffic during the through green signal phases, protected permitted left-turn signals often provide a considerable reduction in average delay per left-turn vehicle. q Especially when opportunities to turn left during the permitted period are frequent, protected-permitted left. turns can often provide a substantial reduction in the amount of green arrow time that the left-turn volume requires at the expense of other signal phases. On actuated left-turn phases, any of several delay timing techniques may be used to keep the controller from immediately terminating through traffic q greens in response to detection of left-turn vehicles. These vehicles can often make their turns on the permitted green if given a few seconds to do so. In a nonpermitted left-turn phase operation , however, the controller must cycle and service the left-turn phase q every time one left-turning vehicle is detected on the approach, even in very light traffic conditions. In extreme cases of very light or very gressive platoons in each direction do not pass through the signal at exactly the same time. Selection of leading and lagging left-turn phase sequences to optimize arterial signal progression has been a specific feature of the PAS-SER II' progression program since its inception. Intersection approaches not having a separate left-turn pocket, especially where presence detection at the stop-Iine with delay timing could be used to distinguish vehicles waiting in a shared lane for the left-turn phase from through vehicles. Situations where the ieft-turn volume is so heavy as to overfill the left-turn pocket, and it becomes desirable to bring up the left-turn phase only when the concurrent through traffic is also …


Recognition of seismic precursors is exigent task. Its study depends upon the environmental parameters, ground motion emissions (Low frequency signals), geological and tectonic structure. The theory of signal conductivity of two crust model between the epicenter region and above the ground surface calculated the amplitude enhancement of electromagnetic emissions. Extremely low frequency signals generate due to seismic emissions and penetrate the crystal layer to change the earth's surrounding and upper atmosphere conditions. These outputs are used to correlate the seismogenic VLF signals (f=3 KHz), which are recorded by borehole antenna system. It is observed that the low frequency signals goes to vertically and accumulated as low conductivity medium in the outer most layer through which transmitted to the atmosphere. The seismogenic ULF emissions, DEMETER satellite data, TEC anomalies, ionospheric disturbances and bio-electric amplitude was recorded at places nearby active fault line in Indian region and it is used to recognized the pre- seismic behaviour. We have also observed the stimulus data (solar flux, audio frequency signals, or electric charge emissions) as abnormal signals. These relations are verified and correlated by statistical analysis with null hypothesis testing and power spectrum magnitude which is helping us to understand the precursory signature of earthquakes.


The purpose of this paper is to introduce a velocity and distance control system for leader-following UAVs. In our previous paper, we already proposed a velocity and distance control system, but the system has a problem of ``offsets'' due to aerodynamic errors and/or leader trajectories. So in this paper, in order to eliminate the offset, a new approach of the velocity and distance control design is introduced. Simulation results show that the proposed velocity and distance control system provides a good performance and there are no offsets.


In this gang rush of an Oscar season, Gus Van Sant's "Milk", the biopic of San Francisco gay activist Harvey Milk, has a storming performance from Sean Penn and a new urgency over the repression of gay marriage rights to speed its course


Attitudes in relation to inclusive education have a direct impact on teaching behaviours, and are a significant factor in the success of inclusion policies. However, little is known about Irish pre-service teachers' attitudes and concerns in relation to inclusive education, nor about the factors that may influence these variables. In the current study, a cohort of second-level pre-service teachers completed the attitudes toward inclusive education scale, the concerns about inclusive education scale, the teacher efficacy scale and a school climate (SC) survey. Results showed that the student–teachers were generally positive about inclusion, and were only a little concerned about the implementation of inclusive practices in their classrooms. The participants were least positive about including students with behavioural difficulties. A more positive SC was associated with higher levels of personal efficacy, and lower levels of concern. Results are discussed in terms of the construal of behavioural difficulties within Ireland, the influence of the placement school and the implications for initial teacher education.


Do speech and music understanding share common neural mechanisms? Here, brain bioelectrical activity was recorded in healthy participants listening to music obtained by digitally transforming speech into viola music. Sentences originally had a positive or negative affective prosody. The aim was to investigate if the emotional content of music was processed similarly to the affective prosody of speech. EEG was recorded from 128 electrodes in 20 healthy students. Participants had to detect rare neutral piano sounds while ignoring viola melodies. Negative affective valence of stimuli increased the amplitude of frontal P300 and N400 components of ERPs, while positive valence enhanced a late inferior frontal positivity. Similar markers were previously found for the processing of positive versus negative music, vocalizations, and speech. Source reconstruction showed that negative music activated the right superior temporal gyrus and cingulate cortex, while positive music activated the left middle and inferior temporal gyrus and the inferior frontal cortex. An integrated model is proposed of a possible common network for processing the emotional content of music, vocalizations, and speech, which might explain some universal and relatively innate brain reaction to music.


To define the physiologic role of beta1 integrin in bone formation and mechanical loading, transgenic mice were generated by expressing the cytoplasmic tall and transmembrane domain of Beta1 integrin under the control of the osteocalcin promoter. In cultured cells, this truncated fragment of Beta1 can act as a dominant negative. Previously, the matrix of calvariae was shown to be abnormal in transgenic (TG) compared to wildtype (WT) mice. In this study, we analyzed appendicular bone in TG and WT, male and female mice at 14, 35, 63, 90 and 365 days old (n=8-12/gp). To assess beta1 integrin function in mechanical loading, a pilot study using hindlimb unloading by tail suspension was performed. 35d old TG and WT females were hindlimb unloaded for 4 wks (n=3-5). Body mass, bone mineral content, histomorphometric (distal femur) and biomechanical parameters were analyzed. Statistical significance (P less than.05) was defined by ANOVA using the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test. We confirmed transgene expression by immunoprecipitating then immunoblotting bone lysates using an antibody against the beta1 tail. Body masses of TG mice at 63, 90 and 365d old were greater (16-25%) than WT. Some TG female mice at 365d appeared obese; mean abdominal fat mass was 415% greater in TG than WT mice. Tibiae were longer (5-7%) in TG than WT mice at 63 and 90d. Tibial mineral mass of 35d males was 7% lower in TG than WT mice, but at 63d was 21% higher. The % osteoblast surface in 35d TG mice was 20% higher than WT, and at 63d was 17% lower, while % osteoclast surface did not differ. In 365d mice, cancellous bone volume (125%) and endocortical mineral apposition rate (40%) were greater in TG than WT males but not females. In WT mice, hindlimb unloading caused a reduction in mineral mass of tibiae (-20%) and lumbar vertebrae (-22%) relative to normally loaded controls. Surprisingly, hindlimb unloading also caused a relative reduction (-13%) in humerus mass. The effects of hindlimb unloading on tibia and humerus mass were less obvious in TG than in WT mice. Since hindlimb unloading caused skeletal changes in both loaded and unloaded bones, systemic changes may contribute to bone responses observed using this animal model. In conclusion, transgene expression resulted in marked metabolic changes during growth and in the aged female. Our results demonstrate that expression of the Beta1 integrin cytoplasmic tail in vivo causes gender- and age-specific changes in select morphometric parameters, bone length, and bone mass.


The most recent effort at restating the auditor's standard report, SAS 58, is the most comprehensive statement of the auditor's role that has ever been adopted. It is an acknowledgment that the previous report had become an ineffective communication of the audit function and was perhaps too cautious in circumscribing the auditor's public responsibilities. This paper compares and analyzes the terminology of the standard report throughout the professions's history with particular emphasis on the recent years leading up to SAS 58. An exhibit compares the parallel terminology and the social, economic and political issues that resulted in each revision. Additionally, some assessment of the potential future changes to the report are presented.


Abstract A host-specific pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. poae (JT-P482), which causes lethal wilting of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), was isolated in 1993 and has since been developed and commercialized as a bioherbicide in Japan. The effectiveness of X. campestris pv. poae against annual bluegrass is significantly affected by temperature. To determine the optimum temperature for maximum control, the relationship between the levels of annual bluegrass control and the rates of bacterial multiplication in whole plants was investigated. The doubling times of the bacterium in planta and in vitro were also compared. The optimum air temperature was 30°C to 35°C, with corresponding temperatures of 27.9 to 29.6°C in plants, and 30°C in culture liquid. At 17°C, the rate of multiplication of bacteria and the rate of plant growth reached an equilibrium and this appeared to be the threshold temperature for annual bluegrass control. No bacterial multiplication was observed in either plants or culture around 6°C. At higher temperatures (>25°C air temperature, >24.8°C plant temperature), the bacteria quickly multiplied to 1010 colony-forming units (CFU) per gram of fresh weight (FW) of annual bluegrass within 1 week after treatment and had the potential to cause satisfactory plant wilting (>75% control). The doubling time during the exponential growth phase had a mostly constant time range (7.7–8.5 h) at temperatures of between 24.8 and 34.3°C in plant tissue (25–40°C air temperature). It appears that xylem occlusion occurs as a result of bacterial growth reaching a maximum of 1010CFU/g of FW, combined with an increase in polysaccharide production at higher temperatures.


The residual axial magnetic field (AMF) at current zero, which is caused by large di/dt during the forced current-zero stage of DC interruption based on the technique of artificial current zero, has significant influence on the interruption performance of the vacuum circuit breaker. In this paper, a model of AMF contacts is developed by finite-element-analysis software, Ansys. The eddy current induced in the contacts system is also analyzed by an equivalent circuit. The influence of the frequency of countercurrent on the residual AMF is investigated.


In the federal Austrian educational system, the 94 regional resource centres keep loan collections of 16mm films and slide-tape series. The Federal Center (SHB) in Vienna produces and distributes films and slide-tape materials, and also evaluates and approves audio-visual items offered by any distributor for school use.


Abstrcat This paper is an empirical study of the impact on the performance of foreign trade in a specific region of various factors including level of basic education, local economic strength, and per capita capital stock. It concludes that, without considering regional disparities, basic education has little bearing on China's foreign trade but it is otherwise strongly related to the performance of regional foreign trade.


Thirty adult (<10 years of age) and thirty geriatric (>10 years of age) neutered/spayed beagles were identified for this study. Animals were fed a control food for 30 days and then a blood sample was drawn into a PAXgene Blood RNA tube. RNA was extracted according to the procedures provided in the PAXgene Blood RNA Kit Handbook (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). RNA was hybridized to an Affymetrix GeneChip Canine‐2 Genome Arrays and normalized using Robust Multi‐Array Average. Transcripts having a P < 0.01 (following a false discovery rate adjustment value of 0.1) and a fold change range of at least 1.5 were considered different among the two groups. Analysis of the RNA found differences in 580 genes between the geriatric and adult groups. Of the genes identified, 310 were up‐regulated and 270 down‐regulated in geriatric dogs when compared to adult dogs. Genes associated with immune system activation, cancer formation, B and T‐cell receptor signaling, protein ubiquitination, and branched chain amino acid degradation were increased, while cell‐cell signaling, cell cycle regulation, and blood coagulation were decreased in geriatric compared to adult dogs.


This paper is based on work supported by the Office of Research and Development,
Health Services R&D Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, through SDR 08-405. The
opinions expressed in this article are the authors' and do not reflect those of the Department of
Veterans Affairs, the Veterans Health Administration, Health Services R&D, the Defense and
Veterans Brain Injury Center or the Department of Defense.


Toxoplasmosis causes serious and sometimes life‐threatening disease in immunocompromised patients like organ transplant recipients, immunodeficiency disorders or HIV‐infected individuals. The co‐occurrence of toxoplasmosis in a respiratory sample harboring tuberculosis (TB) may be missed especially in an area endemic for the latter infection.


It is shown that by using the BEM (boundary-element method), it is possible to compute the whole-angle radiation patterns of offset cylindrical reflector antennas with aperture blockage. Consideration is given to a circular cylinder loaded near the aperture of a small offset cylindrical reflector antenna as the blocking model. The overall radiation patterns, including the strut-scattering effects, are predicted by using the BEM and compared with measured patterns (at a frequency of 8 GHz) for verification. Although there appears to be some differences of levels at some wide-angle regions (due probably to a misalignment or measuring setup errors), the entire radiation pattern is found to be well predicted by the numerical data, thus proving the validity of the method.<<ETX>>


— This article is dedicated to a comparison analysis of optimization methods, in order to perform an interval estimation of electrical energy technical losses in distribution networks of voltage 6–20 kV. The issue of interval evaluation is represented as a multi-dimensional conditional minimization/maximization problem with implicit target function. A number of numerical optimization methods of first and zero orders is observed, with the aim of determining the most suitable for the problem of interest. The desired algorithm is BOBYQA, in which the target function is replaced with its quadratic approximation in some trusted region.


When considering phased array radar systems it is important to consider the possible differences in the spectral content of radar emissions when comparing boresight to off-boresight. This detail is important as it can accentuate potential electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects between radar and other devices competing for space in a crowded spectrum. In order to analyze the potential impact of off-boresight radar emissions to other electronic devices, a MATLAB and electromagnetic model of a simple eight element slotted waveguide linear array operating at 3.5 GHz was simulated with an element spacing of a half-wavelength. The model was stimulated utilizing continuous wave (CW), pulsed amplitude, and linear Frequency Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) waveforms. The spectral content of these emissions in the far-field was assessed at a variety of angles with respect to boresight. It was concluded that the eletromagnetic emissions power may be under measured if out of band emissions of a waveguide slot array are measured only at boresight resulting in compliance testing issues. This could result in the interference to other electronic devices being underestimated.


Terahertz ATR spectroscopy was used to monitor the crystallization of sugar on confectionary products. The time-dependent spectroscopy could used to follow phase transition from the aqueous phase into a glassy state followed by a crystallization of the sugar on the ATR window. Terahertz pulsed imaging was also used to investigated the final product.


To develop a simultaneous nitrifi cation and denitrifi cation system using activated sludge entrapped in a polyethylene glycol prepolymer (PEG-entrapped activated sludge), optimization of operating conditions of dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were investigated, and ammonium load and the infl uent C/N ratio using optimized aeration-limited processes in which there is repeated alternation of aeration and non-aeration were examined. Continuous wastewater treatment was carried out using a synthetic wastewater containing ammonium nitrogen and sodium acetate as a carbon source. ORP was not signifi cant, and absolute anaerobic conditions were not indispensable for simultaneous nitrifi cation and denitrifi cation. Nitrogen removal ratio was not improved even if microaerophilic conditions of DO ranging from . to . mg/l were provided under continuous treatment. Fluctuations in DO using aeration-limited processes were eff ective in improving performance. The nitrogen removal ratio of the aeration-limited processes was higher than in continuous aeration and in conventional activated sludge. The aerationlimited processes using PEG-entrapped activated sludge were eff ective in obtaining more than % nitrogen removal at an ammonium loading rate of . ‒ . kg‒N/m /d and a C/N ratio of over . with sodium acetate as a carbon source.


The essay investigates the meteorological phenomena represented in Dante Alighieri's Commedia and their interrelation with the subjectivity of the dead in Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. Examining how the dead weather the afterlife and how the elements affect them, in turn, the essay takes the complex enantiosemy of the word 'weathering' as a conceptual guiding thread for the exploration of dynamics of exposure (Inferno), vulnerability (Purgatorio), and receptivity (Paradiso).


After the financial crisis of 2007-08, debates on structures and characteristics of financial markets have become the subject of much concern in both industry and academia. One of the most debated issues related to financial markets is whether they are efficient or not. With an intent to enter into discussions, this paper evaluates the market efficiency by using individual and institutional trade data from a specific stock exchange, namely Borsa Istanbul. To do so, we first form several measures of market efficiency through daily investor data covering five years. By using these measures, we show that there is a negative relationship between market efficiency and turnover. That is, the more efficient the market, the lower the turnover. This result contributes to the debate of irrationality of investor behavior. The data also suggests that the efficiency in Borsa Istanbul has been increasing after the crisis, showing that the effect of the crisis has been vanishing as time passes.


An extensive analysis on the switching frequency to the performance of shunt active power filter(SAPF) was made.A first-order inertia element was considered as the approximate model of SAPF.The compensation characteristic for each order harmonic current was obtained at different switching frequencies.With two types of system loads which were rectifier with resistance and inductance load and rectifier with resistance,inductance and capacitance load,the THDs of source current after compensation were presented with different switching frequencies by using figures.The compensation characteristics for the most widely used digital control system were investigated.Based on these analyses,the specification of compensation characteristics with different switching frequencies is quite straightforward.


ABSTRACT Local food systems and farmers' markets across the USA have experienced unprecedented growth and development in the past 20 years. While scholarship has examined participant demographics and motives for engaging in farmers' markets, few studies have considered the coupled nature of those attending the markets with institutional governance systems used for market coordination. This study examined participation in farmers' markets under the framework of high and low market governance systems, specifically considering the demographics, values for local foods, motives for attending farmers' markets, and outcomes of the experience based on the dichotomous governance classification. Governance was characterized using four attributes: market rules or policies, paid employee(s), a rule governing geography of food origin, and affiliation with an organisation or agency. Our results suggest that market governance may impact (1) which consumers attend the market, (2) motives among those who attend the market, and (3) satisfaction outcome levels among market participants. By better understanding how the emerging governance system impacts who ultimately attends the market (and the outcomes of the experience), agencies coordinating farmers' markets and market managers can ultimately improve the market's reach and experience with greater intentionality.


A B S T R A C T Sucking pests (insects and mites) deteriorate significantly cotton crop both in terms of quantity and quality. Screening plant material under prevailing agro-climatic conditions is an essential element of integrated pest management. The present study aimed at evaluating eight genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under agro-climatic conditions of Faisalabad region against sucking pest complex (whitefly, jassid, thrip and red-spider mite). Secondary objective was to assess the influence of weather factors (temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall) on population dynamics of major sucking insect/mite pests on some advanced cotton genotypes (viz. NIBGE-, IR-443, IR-448, NK, FH-901, FH-925, NIAB-999 and NIAB-98). Data of these insect/mite pests were taken on per leaf basis under unsprayed conditions and were subjected to statistical analysis which showed that mean population incidence on all genotypes was significant for all the four sucking insect/mite pests. Among genotypes, NIAB-98 was least attractive to whitefly infestation while both IR-genotypes were relatively less attractive to mite infestation. Similarly, both NIAB-genotypes were found most attractive to cotton jassid and NK genotype was less attractive to thrips infestation as compared to other genotypes. Moreover, the influence of all three weather factors was not significant on overall trend of sucking insect/mite pests.


Membrane fusion is an essential step of the Influenza virus infectious cycle whose understanding remains incomplete. Fusion requires surface viral protein hemagglutinin and, in particular, its twenty N-terminal amino acids composing the fusion peptide. This peptide was shown to initiate fusion even when isolated from the rest of the protein, but the molecular mechanism by which it achieves membrane fusion is still misunderstood. To better understand this mechanism, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the fusion peptide, fusogenic F9A mutant and nonfusogenic W14A mutant, in model membranes. First, we studied the structure and dynamics of the fusion peptide. The fusion peptide adopted straight α-helical and kinked conformations, and inserted at the membrane interface with an almost parallel orientation with the membrane surface. Mutant peptides additionaly adopted a hairpin structure. The dynamics of the peptides was hence compared to that of a flexible V, switching conformation by hinge movements. In a second step, fusion peptide-induced membrane perturbations were studied from simulations. Those perturbations include lipid tail protrusion and polar head intrusion. The two perturbations were caused by hydrogen bonding between lipid phosphates and membrane inserted peptide N-terminal amides. The amount of polar head intrusion induced by the mutant peptides in simulations was correlated to their experimental fusogenic activity and the insertion depth of their N-termini. Following those results, we propose that polar head intrusion would complement lipid tail protrusion during membrane fusion by reducing the repulsive forces between juxtaposed membranes polar heads. This model of membrane fusion mechanism may have an impact on future Influenza antiviral research.


The dairy international market is volatile and unstable and its general tendency is to maintain and even to increase the prices, once attenuate the financial international crisis. Hence, the importer countries should focus the dairy development toward the increment of the national production until covering the whole internal demand, combining the sostainability of the intensive systems with the local development of the small and medium producers. Considering that the prices of the inputs will stay relatively high in relation to the prices of the milk, the countries of the tropic have a competitive clear advantage when having sure sources of grasses and forages and other foods that do not compete essentially with the foods for man and that they are obtained at smaller costs that the existent ones for the concentrated supplements. New development focus is required where the organization and administration of the dairy farm, the application of science and technique and the integration in chains have a fundamental role. Though the Cuban dairy sector has been affected by several limitations in the last 15 years and depends on imports (50%), there are the socio-politic, infrastructural and of technical training conditions to reach a strong transformation of the coming future.


Immune checkpoint inhibitor is associated with variety of immune-related adverse events. We present a case of polyneuropathy induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor, which was refractory to steroid and immunoglobulin. While high-dose steroid and immunoglobulin were not effective, we tried rituximab which is effective in other immune-mediated polyneuropathy. After rituximab treatment, patient's clinical symptom and nerve conduction study finding was markedly improved. We suggest rituximab might be effective in polyneuropathy induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor. J Korean Neurol Assoc 36(4):329-332, 2018