Objective:To discuss the value of submandibular gland partial resection in treating submandibular gland benign tumor.Methods:52 cases of submandibular gland benign tumor were divided into two groups averagely and randomly.Group A accepted the resection of the tumour and partial submandibular gland surrounding the tumor(submandibular gland partial resection).Group B was a control group,accepting the routine resection of the tumour and submandibular gland.We observed the situation of the wound healing and the injury of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve,the lingual nerve and the hypoglossal nerve in the two groups after surgery.Then we evaluated the incidence of salivary fistula,tumour recurrence and the degree of the operation region hollow during follow-up.Results:The incisions of the two groups healed by first class after surgery.There was no statistics significance about the rate of saliva fistula occurrence and tumour relapse.Conclusion:Submandibular gland partial resection reserves partial submandibular gland organization,which reserves exocrine and endocrine functions of submandibular gland to the best extertion degree.


ABSTRACT The relative influence of water regime and other environmental factors on the organization of benthic macroinvertebrates was studied over three years in a small intermittent river basin (River Pula) in Sardinia. The intermittent nature of the led to high spatial and temporal variability of abiotic characteristics. Twenty-eight invertebrate taxa accounted for 90% of the sampled individuals; and of there four (Chironominae, Caenis luctuosa, Diamesinae, Protonemura ichnusae) accounted for more than 50% of the total density. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that 34.6% of the biological variance was accounted for by abiotic factors and that different environmental features, including sediment structure and stream order, had a larger influence on benthic macroinvertebrate distribution and abundance than the intermittent water regime, even though local drought events completely disrupted the macroinvertebrate community.


Sponge-microbe symbiosis is considered among the most primitive ecological relationships between metazoans and microorganisms. There is strong interest in understanding the occurrence of microbial communities in sponges due to their integral roles in host ecology, nutrient cycling, and production of potential bioactive secondary metabolites. However, most studies on sponges have been centered on marine species. In this study, the freshwater sponge Spongilla alba and its associated microorganisms were explored for the first time. Sponge samples collected from Lake Taal were taxonomically identified using gross morphology and spicules analysis. Both bacterial and fungal isolates were culturally characterized and molecularly identified using 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and ITS for fungi. Five bacterial species were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Pseudomonas mosselii plus eight fungal species with spore sizes from 5–10 μm were identified as Colletotrichum truncatum, Trichosporon asahii, Rhizopus microsporus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici strain, Talaromyces columbinus, Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp., and Lichtheimia ramosa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed microbial sequences belonging to Proteobacteria (n = 4), Firmicutes (n = 1), Ascomycota (n = 4), Zygomycota (n = 2), and Basidiomycota (n = 2). The study reports infrequent occurrences of Enterococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Puccinia, and Lichtheimia species as freshwater sponge-associated microbes. This also presents the culturable microbial composition of freshwater sponges and rare occurrence of marine- and terrestrial-associated fungi T. asahii, R. microsporus, Phoma sp., Phomopsis sp., C. truncatum, and T. columbinus in a unique freshwater ecosystem such as Lake Taal.


Development as we know is measured by the bottom line but the organisations which have stood the test of time have been those who have had the larger picture nay the real picture in mind ie of the entire stakeholders instead of restricting them to investors/shareholders


The concept of strategic marketing planning has become of paramount imponance within corporate marketing program~. Marl<eters must rely heavily on analytical tools for proper execution of profitable programs. The SAS System Is a useful tool to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of your marl<eting coordination and analysis. The strategic marketing function is comprised of specnic analysis components. Use of the SAS System within each of these functional marketing components is emphasized. Examples of system components are used to illustrate the time-savlng features and increased effectiveness available to market analysts through use of the SAS System. Companies trying to become more market oriented are accomplishing the task by changing the way they think about their products and seflfices and more importantly changing the wey they make decisions about the direction for those products and seflfices. The new decision making methods are Often referred to collectively as strategic markellng planning (SMP). This paper provides an example of how companies may use one technology, the SAS System, as a tool within the SMP process. SCOPE OF STRATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING The Need for Strategy Your job depends on how effectively your company uses markeling tools to run the business. Suppose someone in your organization comes up with an idea for a new product or service •• a good idea But will it sell? This question tops a long list of strategy questions that must be considered before a product can be brought to market. All aress of the company manufactUring, engineering, research and development, finance, sales or marketing must understand the meaning and usefulness of 'market oriented' planning. Read this carefully, I said market oriented, not marketing oriented. Market oriented means running a customer dtiven business, marketing oriented implies a terr~orIal dispute dominated by a group calling themselves the marketing department.


This theme report discusses briefly the development of combined transport in Norway and the expected future for this mode of transport. Some technical aspects of interchangeables are discussed, and also some problems with the administration and use of this type of freight carriers.(a) (TRRL) having been completed in July 1976, the urgency for improving the remaining 12 km of the rn 506 has become increasingly imperative. After reviewing traffic trends, the author justifies the type of development proposed, describes the main alignment alternatives studied and summarises costs and programming of the works. The first structure to be completed will consist essentially of A viaduct about 1500 M long, supported by 65 M high piers, cast in-situ in 50 M lengths using the balancing cantilever process.


Potassium phosphonate inhibited less mycelial growth of Phytophthora cactorum in vitro than metalaxyl-M. But the net protection rate in leaflet test and whole plant pot test was greater in potassium phosphonate than metalaxyl-M. P. ginseng appeared to have an induced resistance against P. cactorum with phosphonate around 50~100 ppm.


The point clouds are often very huge.So,lots of researchers have been trying to design better algorithm to compress the huge amount of point-based models and real-time render them in limited hardwares.The recent advances of the point-based rendering techniques are reviewed.And,by classified the compression algorithms into single-rate coders and progressive coders,a number of mostly recently developed point-based compression schemes are revisited and compared.The key techniques are discussed and evaluated and some future research proposals are given.


The Golden Code is the best known Space Time Block Code (STBC) so far [1]. This code is an optimal code as it satisfies the properties of full rank, full rate and non-vanishing determinants and achieves diversity multiplexing tradeoff [2]. In this paper we have applied Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) over frequency selective channels and compared the performance of Golden STBC with and without Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The proposed Golden STBC-OFDM scheme provide lower value of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) as compared to Alamouti STBC based OFDM scheme.


This paper presents a novel algorithm to identify four phases of gait necessary to be used in a sensory substitution device for stroke patients with significant tactile impairments in the lower leg. This algorithm works in real time, using a switch-case method with specific rules to transition from one phase to the next. An additional, offline version of this algorithm has been created for validation, which compares the identified gait phases from the foot's gyroscope data to the phases identified by pressure data.


In recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence, hand action recognition has been widely used in human-computer interaction and virtual reality, etc. To help researchers understand the current development status of vision-based hand action recognition technology, this paper presents the latest progress in hand action recognition technology. The methods are divided into machine learning-based hand action recognition and deep learning-based hand action recognition. The article discusses the advantages of both ways and the limitations of each especially focusing on the deep learning-based recognition method. The challenges of the current hand action recognition technologies are presented based on the existing research results.


In this paper, a decomposed state estimator is developed for stochastic constrained nonlinear discrete-time dynamical systems with uncertain parameters. The proposed estimator can deal with general nonlinear uncertain stochastic systems without any pre-defined specifications on the system structure and/or the measurement model. Moreover, it can handle estimation problems for nonlinear stochastic systems subject to a set of imposed linear and/or nonlinear equality and/or inequality constraints. The mathematical structure of the proposed estimator is developed using multiple projection approach and its performance is analyzed and compared with the global (un-decomposed) structure. The main features of the proposed estimator are: it reduces the processing time, it can handle estimation problems with bad initial conditions of the estimator, it can be implemented on modern parallel processing facilities to further reduce the processing time, and last but not least, it minimizes the rounding off errors and hence improves the numerical stability of the algorithm. Simulations results on different real applications are presented to show the effectiveness of the developed approach, and its improved performance when compared with other techniques reported in the literature.


$\overline{M\cup N}\subset\overline{M}\cup 1\overline{V}$, then we say $t1_{1}at$ the topology is additive. In tliis note we define a weak monotonic topology and from it a weak additive topology of an infinite product space by means of $\dot{t}hecl6sure$ operator, and show that these topologies are the weakest respectively in all allowable topologies. 2. Let $R=P\{R^{\iota}|X_{I}^{1}$ be the $X=\{x\}$ product space of $R^{t}$ whose points are $p=\{p^{\chi}|p^{x}\epsilon R^{\chi}, xcX\}$ . Ubually the topology of $R$ is necessarily to satisfy the condition that the projection $\pi^{x}$ : $R\rightarrow R^{t}$ is continuous. This condition is expressed by the closure.operator as folloWs:


The research area lies in the northwest edge of qinghai nanshan-zeku back-arc terrigenous activities zone, which belongs to the metallogenic belt of HgAs -Cu -Pb -Zn -Au(-Ti-W-Bi-Sn-) on the Tongde-Zeku Indo-Chinese epoch, and the metallogenic sub-belt of Cu-Au-( W-Sn-Bi ) on the qinghai nanshan-shuangpeng Variscan. Because of low level of the research and the undeveloped traffic condition in this region, not too much of the mineral has been found yet. It is only found that one point of copper mineralization in the hazhu mountain, one point of Tin-Copper mineralization, two points of Tungsten mineralization. There is more exploration prospect in the research area and Peripheral Areas.


Abstract To test the extension of the theory of the Fundamental Plane (FP) proposed by Secco (2000, 2001, 2005) to an higher order (non-linear) we explore the effect on an homogeneous stellar component due to a DM halo with a density profile characterized by an inner slope γ free and an outer slope −3, according to high resolution RCs of Sps (Garrido et al., 2004). The aim is to investigate the role of the dark to bright mass ratio m and of the halo concentration CD in order to produce the maximum of Clausius' Virial potential energy (CV). Particular attention is devoted to the slope of the density halo profile at the maximum location, to its height in comparison with the CV value when the two components coincide, Vn. For all models we choose γ = 0. We follow the general method proposed by Caimmi, 1993 for two striated ellipsoidals with Zhao-density profiles. Virial equilibrium is described by tensor virial equations extended to two components (Caimmi & Secco, 1992). Sequences of CV as function of the ratio baryonic to halo virial semi-axis, numerically performed for different values of m and CD, are taken into account.


Diabetes mellitus is associated with derangements in the serum levels of several biochemical parameters, and type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The existence of hyperglycaemia enhances oxidative stress. The depletion of antioxidants (taurine) as a defensive body mechanism may augment the risk of diabetic complications. This study aims to investigate the levels of antioxidants and oxidants in T1DM, in T2DM patient and T2DM patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among female Saudi diabetic patients. Our study included 130 female subjects divided into four groups, group I (T1DM), group II (T2DM), group III ( T2DM with CVD) and group IV (Control). Fasting blood samples (six ml) were collected. Glucose, glucosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol (C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triacylglycerol (TAG), malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol, uric acid and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined. The results of this study showed that taurine levels were significantly lower in all patient groups as compared to controls (p < 0.05 for all parameters). Thiol level was significantly high in GIII. Both NO and uric acid were also significantly higher in all patient groups as compared to controls. Hypercholesrterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high levels of LDL-c and MDA were detected in patients groups compared to control. Serum insulin level was significantly high in GII and GIII. All patients groups had significant hyperglycaemia compared to control. The female Saudi diabetic patients in this study have a higher oxidative stress status due to the high level of the production of free radicals (nitric oxide) and lipid peroxidation (malandialdehyde) and lower level of antioxidants (taurine and uric acid) in concomitant with dyslipidemia which may be due to taurine and uric acid deficiency.


A high-performance palladium catalyst was developed by the covalent binding of a Schiff base ligand, N,N′-bis(3-salicylidenaminopropyl)amine (salpr), on the surface of hollow magnetic mesoporous spheres (HMMS) followed by immobilization with Pd(0). The catalyst was characterized by TEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, VSM, TGA and N2 adsorption–desorption. The novel catalyst exhibited high activity in hydrogenation and Suzuki coupling reaction. Furthermore, it could be recovered from the reaction mixture in a facile manner and recycled six times without any loss of activity.


This paper examines a number of second-order design factors and gives practical examples of the types of problems that may develop in the field if they are not properly accounted for in MSE wall design. Each example includes a brief review of standard practice, results from field observations and measurements and practical guidance for designers.


Wang Yangming's rural management thoughts and its practical system are the continuation of rural management thought since Qin and Han Dynasties,and Wang Yangming integrated rural system with Bao-Jia system and rural agreements to form a rural community with the functions of politics,military affairs and education.He created a perfect rural grassroot management system.Thus,it is said that he is a great thinker in the perspective of rural management thoughts and practice.Discussion on the contents and practice of Wang Yangming's rural management thoughts based on reality is of certainly enlightening significance to socialism village reconstruction.


This paper develops and empirically tests a theory of the use of board and institutional investor monitoring and the use of executive incentive compensation under different types of uncertainty in the industry. This empirical examination is based on a sample of U.S. firms operating in a wide range of industries. Practical implications derived from this paper direct the attention of both shareholders and governance specialists to critical tradeoffs involved in the use of specific governance mechanisms under demand, competitive, and technological uncertainty.


Retrospect to our sports industry development and analysis of present situation, what difficulties we meet is: influence of planned economy, lack of competition, creation, talents in management and organization, mark of traditional system in the process of sports professionalization perfectless of sports industrialization. All the above influence the development of our sports.


The study aims to investigate the effect of organizational development on FANAP Company's users to prove that how leadership and management can guide the roles determined, since we cannot say, without development and effective components of an organization, which an effective organization moves towards creating the organizational value-added that is the performance of the model on the staff satisfactory by internal and external factors. Methodology: the study is a descriptive-survey research, and the questionnaire is used as a research tool that its validity is examined considering the experts, and its reliability is measured using the Cronbach Alpha. Then, it was distributed between statistical system including 250 individuals. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used for statistical analysis. Demographic characteristics of targeted system was examined by descriptive statistics, and linear regression coefficient and several variables and schematic pattern of structural equations' software were used to analyze the hypotheses and available relations in Organization Excellence Model.  Findings: show that there is a logical and good relationship between intermediate components and dependent and independent variables that the route coefficient is 0.592 and 0.574, respectively with an acceptable significance level. Due to the high correlation between staff satisfaction to final performance and users' satisfaction, it can be said that there is a very strong convergence between these three components, and there is an average convergence between other variables. Results: as 59 and 57 percent of staff satisfaction and external users is considerable, and it shows that there is a visible Organization Excellence Model in FANAP Co., and all the works done are consistent with our research, but this amount is low considering the procedures and available sources, and it should be increased, and the weak loops in FANAP Co., should be strengthen.


Objective To explore the clinical features of hypotensive cranial pressure headache.Methods Clinical data of 30 cases of hypotensive cranial pressure headache were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the patients had positional headache accompaning one or more numerous symptoms including nausea,vomiting,dizziness,diplopia and neck stiffness.All the patients had low cerebrospinal fluid pressure(70 mm H2O).CT was performed in all patients.All the patients were treated with conventional rehydration therapy to alleviate symptoms,23 of cases cured,7 cases improved.Conclusion Hypotensive cranial pressure headache was characterized by positional headache,signs was a rare,rehydration treatment was effective and eusemia.


The crisis of Fordism in the late 1960s led to an economic restructuring in the developed capitalist countries in the west, which had lasted for over 20 years. During this process, two schools emerged against the crisis of Fordism: neo-Fordism and post-Fordism. Evidence since the 1990s showed that it is the post-Fordism that represents the direction of evolution in production mode in modern developed capitalist countries, with lean production gradually gaining ground and becoming dominent.


Objective: The bond strength between resin and dentine is determined by the integrity of collagen, dentine, and resin monomers. The susceptibility of the dentine bond results from the instability of the bonding structure that adheres to the bonding material. This can be achieved using collagen cross-linker, synthetically and naturally in dentine substrates which are effective in protecting collagen fibrils from degradation, as proanthrocyanidin. The aim of this study was to see the effect of grape seed extract as a crosslinker on the stability of dentine collagen and see the differences between groups.
Methods: This study used 27 fresh premolars or third molars which were divided into three Groups, namely Group I giving grape seed extract 6.5%, Group II giving chlorhexidine 2%, and Group III only giving bonding ingredients. Samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with ×1000 magnification.
Results: Data were analyzed using kappa statistic, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney. The result of the study significant differences between treatment groups (p<0.05) and the 2% chlorhexidine group showed the highest value compared to the grape seed extract group and without treatment.
Conclusion: Grape seed extract can be used as an alternative to chlorhexidine as a crosslinker to maintain bone strength of the composite restoration.


The invention discloses a method for solution aging treatment on a rare earth-Al alloy. The method is characterized in that Al-Si-Cu-Mg-La alloy prepared by a common casting method is subjected to solution aging treatment under the conditions that a solution temperature is in a range of 500 to 540 DEG C; solution time is in a range of 5 to 7 hours; a quenching process is carried out in water having a temperature of 60 to 100 DEG C; an aging temperature is in a range of 160 to 180 DEG C; and aging time is in a range of 8 to 10 hours. The method has the advantages that after heat treatment, the rare earth-Al alloy has stable content, small crystal grain sizes, good spheroidization effects, changed second-phase morphology and high alloy performances; and the method has simple processes, is safe and reliable, is convenient for operation and does not produce three wastes.


Following a brief review of the mechanical model for liquid-storage tanks which permits consideration of the effects of tank and ground flexibility, and lateral and rocking base excitations, the effects of both kinematic and inertia interaction effects on the response of the tank-liquid system are examined and elucidated. The free-field motion is defined by a power spectral density function and an incoherence function, which characterizes the spatial variability of the ground motion due to the vertically incident incoherence waves. The quantities examined are the ensemble means of the peak values of the response. The results are compared with those obtained for no soil-structure interaction and for kinematic interaction to elucidate the nature and relative importance of the two interactions. Only the impulsive actions are examined, the convective actions are for all practical purposes unaffected by both kinematic and inertia interactions. It is shown that the major reduction of the response is attributed to inertia interaction. 20 refs.


In this article the considerations concerning the necessity of metrological verification of measuring instruments software are presented. The purpose of work is an acquaintance of the scientific world with the main tendencies in the development of metrology of modern measuring instruments and justification of the need for metrological verification of measuring instruments software.


The invention relates to a preparation method of allyl methacrylate. Methyl methacrylate and allyl alcohol are taken as raw materials; in the presence of a catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor, the reactive distillation transesterification technology is adopted for reaction, thus obtaining a reaction product containing allyl methacrylate; the reaction product is distilled under the condition of pressure reduction; after extra methyl methacrylate is removed, the catalyst and the polymerization inhibitor are removed so as to obtain the allyl methacrylate. The preparation method adopts a novel recyclable catalytic system, thereby reducing the cost of the catalyst; the novel combined polymerization inhibitor is adopted, thereby lowering the cost of the polymerization inhibitor; and the reactive distillation technology is adopted and the produced methanol is removed in time, thereby quickening the reaction pace to produce the product and improving the efficiency of a reactor.


Abstract : The ever-changing nature of warfare presents constant challenges to weapon system designers, who must carefully consider various perspectives of mutual importance. Specifically, designers must address constraints associated with newly developed aircraft, such as the F-22 andF-35, which carry their stores internally and thus have size limitations on their payloads. Weapons designers must also recognize the weight of political pressures that fuel concerns about a given weapon's potential to cause collateral damage to civilian populations. At the same time, they must respond adequately to warfighter demand for the flexibility to employ the most effective weapon against a given target. These distinct but inter-related challenges emphasize the need for smaller, more efficient, and highly accurate weapons with controlled damage effects. Moreover, the availability of highly adaptable munitions that serve multiple functions will provide more options in meeting emergent threats and targets of opportunity on the battlefield. Development of focused warhead weapons, such as the dual-role munition, requires an interdisciplinary technical solution incorporating aerodynamic, energetic, warhead, target detection, and initiation system technologies. AFRL is collaborating with the US Department of Energy's Kansas City Plant (Missouri) to provide ordnance designers with the tools to address the initiation system element of these requirements. One tool undergoing development is the Adaptable Miniature Initiation System Technology (AMIST) a multipoint system designed for initiating explosive warheads. A key goal of the AMIST program effort is to ensure the developed system incorporates highly accurate and precise timing between fire points. It provides multipoint initiation technology to tailor weapons effects.


Objective To study the indication and effect of minimally invasive surgery for thoracolumbar fracture. Methods 10 cases of pure thoracolumbar fractures without neural impairment were enrolled, who did not need laminotomy decompression. With the image intensifier, the pedicle bases in the affected segments were localized and exposed through 4 small incisions (1.5 cm). The fixation and reduction were performed through the 4 small incisions. Results The vertebral body height recovered and the kyphosis deformities were corrected in all cases. The operation time was 1.5 hours, and the blood loss was 50 ml on average. Conclusions Minimally invasive surgery for thoracolumbar fracture is indicated for those without neural impairment and dont need laminotomy decompression, which requires minimal invasion and provides rapid rehabilitation.


This paper uses a hedonic price model to estimate the value of public parks in the city of Buenos Aires. The main aim is to verify the externalities generated by parks and other green spaces, as reflected in real estate values.


Abstract : The achievement of civil defense objectives requires the investigation of large-scale social change by means of social action. Social action involves the process and strategy by which resources are found, organized and utilized in order to accomplish predetermined goals. One objective of the report was to emphasize the importance of territoriality as a setting for social action and within this context to discuss problems of coordination between systems and subsystems. A framework was developed and discussed which focused upon social action processes in area-based civil defense programs. (Author)


ORIGINAL ARTICLE Introduction: Paper and paperboard industry wastewater has potentially damaging effects on the ecosystem of the receiving environments due to the presence of toxic compounds. As a result, the treatment of such wastewater is necessary prior to discharge into the environment. In this study, the potential of Plantago major L. seed extract as a natural coagulant in treating paper and paperboard industry wastewater was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study that was carried out in vitro, the effects of the pH (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11) of the solution and different doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 g/L) of coagulant were studied. At each step of optimization turbidity, TSS and COD were measured according to the methods presented in the books on water and wastewater testing standards. Results: Optimal pH for removal of turbidity, TSS and COD using Plantago major L. seed extract was determined 10, with the removal efficiency of 60%, 76% and 36%, respectively. The optimal dose of coagulant was obtained 0.1 g/L, with the maximum efficiency of 80%, 87% and 37.7% for turbidity, TSS and COD, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Plantago major L. seed extract can be used as a natural coagulant without causing environmental risks. Article History: Received: 10 January 2018 Accepted: 20 April 2018


Learning is a continuous social process (Hussain, 1999) and knowing 'how to read' is one of the fundamental Scholarships for students at school (Mastropieri& Scruggs, 1997). Hussain and Munshi (2011) viewed reading as a dynamic process, which engages readers actively for raising their vocabulary and level of information. It is the communication process taking place between writer and reader irrespective of time and place. In schools and other institutions of higher education, majority of the students appear to be facing problems in reading the textual material in line with the predefined goals of reading comprehension. Apparently, they may be using different techniques and strategies, but many of them may need scaffolding and assistance. Here strategies are referred to as mental faculties and behavioral activities of learners used to enhance their comprehension in reading the text; while reading the text, prior knowledge helps to adjust and coordinate between reading speed and comprehension level (Van Den Broek& Kremer, 2000; Vellutino, 2003) of By


The Stolper-Samuelson theorem isolates conditions under which factor intensity determines the direction of factor price adjustments due to price changes in general equilibrium. The present chapter examines the robustness of this "intensity price link" under relaxations of its sufficient conditions, specifying parametric modifications of the comparative static model based on neoclassical production, competitive pricing, and full employment. To some extent, the intensity price link is robust to relaxations of its sufficient conditions.


Bovine papillomas are benign tumors of the cutaneous and mucosal epithelia and are commonly found in cattle. The productivity loss and economic impact depends on the location and degree of infection. The present study was undertaken to investigate the pathology and association of different bovine papilloma virus (BPV) types in cattle cutaneous and teat warts. Grossly, the warts were of variable size and shape (rice grain, cauliflower and finger-like horny growths or irregular). Histopathologically, the warts were diagnosed as fibropapilloma, papilloma, fibrosarcoma and hyperplasia. Fibropapilloma was the most frequent histological type observed and was characterized by hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and acanthosis. PCR revealed the presence of either BPV-1, -2 and -5 DNA or their co-infections. Transmission electron microscopy on negative staining showed BPV-like particles. Varied copy numbers of viral DNA of BPV-1, -2 and -5 were detected by real-time PCR. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of Ki-67 mainly in the proliferating cells of stratum spinosum and a few basal cells in papilloma and fibropapilloma. Cyclooxygenase-2 immunostaining was observed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of suprabasal cells. In conclusion, cutaneous and teat warts in cattle in India are more frequently associated with BPV-1/ -2 and their mixed infections, with the rare presence of BPV-5. The DNA of BPV-5 was detected for the first time in warts in India. Co-infection with two or three different viral types demonstrated the diversity of BPV types involved in warts. The frequent expression of Ki-67 in suprabasal layers may be indicative of its association with viral replication and that they are as proliferation sites.


This month's issue begins with two articles that focus on the current state of wound care education. The old paradigm for wound care training is outdated and does not match the substantial increases in technology and therapeutic options currently, and soon to be, available. The wound care market is estimated to be a 15 billion dollar per year worldwide market, with the United States representing 40% of the total market share. With an increasing number of diabetic patients and aging population and an epidemic of obesity, there will be continuous growth in the number of patients with nonhealing wounds. Wound care clinicians are becoming more involved in acute wounds, inpatient woundcare, patientsafety issues,andassisting with formulary development for hospitals. Although traditionally a nursing field, wound care now includes clinicians from all aspects of the healthcare delivery system. Currently, wound care education is a patchwork of review courses, certification exams, wound societies, and on-the-job training. The following two articles attempt to outline some of the changes in the delivery of wound care education, which may shape the future formation of an actual wound care specialty. The education of wound care physicians is discussed in the first article. 1 The creation of the American College of Wound Healing and Tissue Repair in the United States is one step toward formalizing a physician wound care curriculum. In the second article, Lisa Corbett describes the transition in the nursing community asmore wound nurses go back


This paper focuses on frequency reuse schemes combined with the transmission on multiple polarizations in fixed satellite communication systems. A traditional 4 colours frequence reuse scheme realized on two orthogonal polarizations is compared to two alternative approaches allowing to increase drastically the achievable system throughput. The first alternative approach is using a 2 colors frequency reuse scheme on two orthogonal polarizations, while the proposed novel strategy is based on the use of 4 colours built transmitting signals on 4 nonorthogonal polarizations. The performance is estimated via a software simulator based on a link budget done over the service area. The main performance indicators are the coverage area and the total network capacity. The results of this analysis show a substantially equal capacity provided by the two alternative frequence reuse schemes, while an improvement of the service coverage is achieved by the non-orthogonal frequency reuse system.


Everyone who uses a computer has heard of Internet security issues such as viruses, e-mail scams, and hacker attacks. Many computer users don't see the need for security or feel helpless in the face of hacker attacks. Both of these assumptions are false as will be discussed in this paper. This paper is written for non-technical computer users who need to know the security risks of the Internet and how to protect their important digital information.


Poly(ether-ketone)(PEK),e・g. poly(ether-ether-ketone)(PEEK), is one of the most important high-performance engineering plasticsdisplaying excellent physical properties such as high thermostability and chemical resistance. However, PEEK has low solubility, and high T. around 340 °c,that is, low processability, probably due to the rigid and planar wholly aromatic structure. In addition, PEEK has relatively low ら(143 °C), while the dimensional stability is relatively low because it is semicrystalline. Although high thermostability is normally in contradiction with processability, many studies have recently been carried out to develop novel PEKs endowed with both high processability and high thermos tability. We have previously developed novel PEK l having the 2,6-dimethyl1,5naphthylene unit, and found that l showed remarkably high solubility and thermostability simultaneously.^ The eχcellentnature ofl can be accounted for by the fact that the 1,5naphthylene unitinduces the crankshaft structurein the main chain and that the stericrepulsion of the methyl groups makes the benzoyl group perpendicular to the naphthalene plane which reduces the planarity of the polymer chain.


We study the numerical integration of large stiff systems of differential equations by methods that use matrix--vector products with the exponential or a related function of the Jacobian. For large problems, these can be approximated by Krylov subspace methods, which typically converge faster than those for the solution of the linear systems arising in standard stiff integrators. The exponential methods also offer favorable properties in the integration of differential equations whose Jacobian has large imaginary eigenvalues. We derive methods up to order 4 which are exact for linear constant-coefficient equations. The implementation of the methods is discussed. Numerical experiments with reaction-diffusion problems and a time-dependent Schrodinger equation are included.


A method of making a 6,7-dihalo-1,5-dihydroimidazo [2,1-b] quinazolin-2 (3H) -one of formula (III) from a 2,3-dihalobenzaldehyde of formula (IX) comprising the steps of: (a) nitrating a compound of formula (IX): (See formula) to form a compound of formula (X): (See formula) (b) reacting the compound of the formula (X) under reducing conditions to form a compound of formula (XI): (See formula) (c) reacting the compound of formula (XI) under chlorination to form a compound of formula (VIII) : (See formula) (d) reacting the compound of formula (VIII) under alkylation conditions to form a compound of formula (VI): (See formula) (e) reacting the compound of formula (VI) under reducing conditions to form a compound of formula (I): (see formula) (f) reacting the compound of formula (I) under bromocianacion to fo rm a compound of formula (II): (See formula) (g) reacting the compound of formula (II) which may be in the form of the HBr salt under conditions of cycloalkylation to form the compound of formula (III ): (See formula) wherein X and Y are selected, independently, from the group comprising F, Cl, Br and I; and V and W are selected, independently, from the group comprising H, F, Cl, Br and 1).


Nowadays specific ships are used to train students as sailors. As historical vessels are conveniently employed to this aim, the average age of these ships is usually high. In order to amortize operating and maintenance costs, the training ships' ownership (except for naval ones) is shared among multiple entities and schools. Moreover, generally these vessels are used in coastal navigation. The consequent operational profile imposes the need to rearrange the ship internal spaces according to the shipowner who will use it. Considering all these reasons, a modular design approach can be adopted in the refitting process, while reverse engineering techniques and integrated design tools should be used for the reconstruction when the original technical documentation is not available. In this context, hybrid-electric propulsion systems can be proposed as effective to enable the Zero Emission Mode, thus reducing the vessel's environmental impact during the training. By doing this, three goals are achieved to extend the ship operational life: ease of rearrangement of the internal spaces for different uses, reduction of operating/maintenance costs and eco-sustainability in coastal navigation. In this paper, after a description about modular design and hybrid electric technologies, the refitting project of the M/N "Umberto d'Ancona" is discussed. The latter is the training ship of "Tomaso di Savoia Duke of Genoa", the nautical institute in Trieste, Italy.


Raynaud's disease who had been subjected to sympathectomy of the lower extremities showed very good results in regard to these extremities. Some months postoperatively, however, serious spastic conditions developed in the upper extremities of all three patients; these spastic conditions had not been present before and they were not accessible to medical treatment. The signs and symptoms became so bad that sympathectomy was advised in the upper extremities also. A relationship is sought between these serious disturbances in the upper extremities and the preceding sympathectomy of the lower.


We extend Grigrochuk's cogrowth criterion for amenability of groups to the case of non-regular graphs for which a certain regularity condition is satisfied. The proof involves generalized Laplacians which are inverses of growth series and whose determinants are closely related to zeta functions of graphs.


Wireless sensor network is highly vulnerable to attacks because it consists of various resource- constrained devices with their low battery power, less memory, and associated low energy. Sensor nodes communicate among themselves via wireless links. However, there are still a lot of unresolved issues in wireless sensor networks of which security is one of the hottest research issues. Sensor networks are deployed in hostile environments. Environmental conditions along with resource-constraints give rise to many type of security threats or attacks. Securely communication among sensor nodes is a fundamental challenge for providing security services in WSNs. This paper gives the security of wireless sensor network and attack at different layered architecture of WSN and their prevention.


The sections in this article are:

1
Structure of the Ca2+-ATPase
1.1
Structure of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

1.2
Isolation and Characterization of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

2
Function of Ca2+-ATPase
2.1
Ca2+ Pumping Function

2.2
Mechanism of Ca2+-ATPase Activity

2.3
Regulation of Ca2+-ATPase Activity

3
Structure and Function of Ca2+-ATPase
3.1
Primary Sequences and Structural Models for Ca2+-ATPases

3.2
Chemical Modifications of the Ca2+-ATPase

3.3
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Ca2+-ATPase

3.4
Ca2+-ATPase Isoform Chimeras

4
Regulation of Ca2+-ATPase by Phospholamban
4.1
Structure of Phospholamban

4.2
Function of Phospholamban

4.3
Interaction Between Ca2+-ATPase and Phospholamban

4.4
Physiological Relevance of Phospholamban-Ca2+-ATPase System

5
Regulation of Ca2+-ATPase and Phospholamban Genes
5.1
Structure of the Ca2+-ATPase Gene

5.2
Transcriptional Regulation of the Ca2+-ATPase Gene

5.3
Structure of the Phospholamban Gene

5.4
Transcriptional Regulation of the Phospholamban Gene


The aim of the study was to analyse speech perception of children with cochlear implants (N = 29) and children fitted with traditional hearing aids (N = 20). One‐ and two‐syllable words were presented auditorily in a forced choice minimal‐pair discrimination task. The children repeated the word and pointed to the appropriate picture presented on computer screen. The words were minimal pairs with respect to voicing or place of articulation in stops and fricatives; among affricates the minimal pairs included the most frequently substituted fricatives and stops in addition to voicing and place of articulation. Vowel discrimination was tested in minimal pairs and in nonsense words differing only in the vowel. Unaided, all children were profoundly hearing impaired and were included in auditory‐oral therapy (Verbotonal method). The smallest differences between the groups were found for stops and vowels, and the largest for fricatives and affricates. The implanted children were significantly more successful.


A method and apparatus for identifying a target object. A group of objects is identified in an image using synthetic aperture radar imaging. The group of objects, which may be a set of lines, bright areas, texture features or shadows, provides a context for identifying the target object in the image. The target object is searched for in the image using the context provided by the group of objects. The searching may be conducted agents configured to search a particular window on the image or by a particle-swarm optimisation process and regions to be searched may be identified by masks.


This chapter cites as a typical instance the teaching of one famous maskil, whose influence on the development of the Hebrew Haskalah was especially prominent - the Hebrew poet Naphtali Herz Wessely (1725-1805). The first attempt to deal with the challenge of the new philosophers, including Kant, on the basis of traditional Jewish philosophy was undertaken by another pious philosopher, a contemporary of Wessely, Mendelssohn, and Kant. As a reputed physician and scientist of his time, Schnaber took an interest in modern philosophy and culture. The Reform movement vehemently disagreed with Mendelssohn's view that Judaism is to be identified with halakha and has no principles with a status of obligatory beliefs. Modern Orthodoxy tended rather to accept Mendelssohn's view in this respect. Keywords: Jewish philosophy; Judaism; modern orthodoxy; modern philosophy; Mordecai Gumpel Schnaber; Naphtali Herz Wessely; Reform movement


Greek yogurt (GY), a high-protein-low-fat dairy product, particularly prized for its sensory and nutritional benefits, revolutionized the North American yogurt market in less than a decade, bringing with it new sustainability challenges. Standard GY production generates large volumes of acid whey, a co-product that is a potential source of environmental pollution if not recovered. This study aims to assess the environmental performance of different technologies and identify the main factors to improve GY production. A complete life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to compare the standard technology (centrifugation) with two new technologies (fortification and ultrafiltration) to reduce acid whey volumes. Three milk protein concentrate alternatives were also assessed. Results show that technology choice is not a clear discriminant factor. However, minimizing losses and wastage (accounting for 23 to 25% of the environmental impacts for all indicators) beyond the processing plant and selecting milk ingredients (accounting for 63 to 67% of the impacts) with low environmental impacts are key factors to improve the environmental performance of GY systems. From a methodological perspective, the results also highlight a shortcoming in the current LCA guidelines (2015) issued by the International Dairy Federation to treat the multifunctionality of GY systems.


Investigators now report in the Journal the updated results of two critical trials of endocrine therapy in early-stage breast cancer — SOFT (Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial) and TEXT (Tamoxifen and Exemestane Trial) — with overlapping groups that permitted a combined analysis.1 As in many other endocrine-therapy trials, the effects were not apparent in earlier analyses, but after 8 to 9 years of follow-up, the results are clear. In premenopausal women, the addition of ovarian suppression to tamoxifen was more effective in increasing disease-free survival than tamoxifen alone, and the addition of the aromatase inhibitor exemestane to ovarian suppression was . . .


Genome RNA was extracted from bone marrow of pig (Duroc╳Landrace╳Tai-hu) and Protegrin-1 (PPG-1) mRNA was amplified using RT-PCR. A DNA fragment about 565 bp in length was obtained and the PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T vector. Protegrin-1 gene was isolated and sequenced from the positive clones screened and the corresponding amino acid sequence was deduced from its nucleotide sequence. Result of sequence analysis showed that this fragment was the partial sequence of PPG-1 gene cDNA. Its homology with PPG-1 from Genebank was up to 98.7%.The deduced sequence for the mature peptide was composed of 18 amino acid residues, which was consistent with that of porcine PPG-1 in Genebank.


The State of Rondonia is rich in species of Catasetum that are still undervalued, which presents a major challenge in the preparation of a map that shows the distribution and all occurrences of the species of the genus. As a result of our studies, four new records are presented for the State of Rondonia and a new natural hybrid is described and illustrated. Samples of all species were collected for DNA extraction (aliquots kept in the Total DNA Bank of Plants UFPR – UPCB-DNA) and vouchers deposited at the herbaria UFMT and the RB. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The empirical results of JACOB KOUNIN ,,Discipline and group management in classrooms"(1970) are the starting points in the development of a new hypothesis called "virtual (or psychological) reducing of the classroom size". It was shown, that optimal teaching and learning in classrooms mainly had to compensate the disadvantages of group size, generated by the fact of having too many pupils in the classroom. The new hypothesis could explain the extremely strong effects of the classroom management dimensions ofKounin and a lot of other classroom strategies, which were explicitly not designed to reduce the group size, but declared e.g. as pupil centered, motivation strategies, moral education, peer tutoring or individualization.


This study analyzes the roles of macroeconomic variables, which include interest rate (SBI), Consumer Price Index (IHK), Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG), money supply (JUB) and exchange rate (KURS) on yield spread of government bonds (YSI) in Indonesia. The study employs Error Correction Model (ECM) on Indonesian monthly data from January 2008 to December 2013. The study confirms that SBI and KURS significantly determine the YSI in the short run and the long run but money supply is significant only in the long run. However, YSI is not influenced by IHK and IHSG. Based on term structure of interest rate theory, the study finds that the expected future interest rate is determined by SBI, KURS, and JUB.


Multiple theories have been applied to analyze and approach William Shakespeare's plays. The theory of feminism is one of them. Though Shakespeare's Hamlet reflects women and men's roles in the English Renaissance, he is also a playwright who analyzes, criticizes, and adjusts male-female psychological conflicts. The portrayal of Shakespeare's female characters that surround them are deemed anti-feminist because of their roles or how they are alluded to in the play-text. Women in Hamlet, Gertrude and Ophelia, are given degraded opinions and roles within the play, which is the source of this misconception. The play is written from a male perspective; therefore, it focuses on the male characters and their experiences rather than considering the perspectives and consequences of women. As a result, it is reasonable to assume that Shakespeare's Hamlet demonstrates male superiority because Shakespeare has fostered the public aware of women's mistreatment, Hamlet can be seen as a test of the feminist approach.


Available literature shows that most famers abandon promoted soil conservation technologies soon after financial and technical supports cease. This is because technologies are launched without serious evaluation of factors affecting continued use of adopted technologies. This paper provides an analysis of the factors that influence the decision by farmers who have adopted soil conservation technologies to continue maintaining soil conservation structures once promotion support cease. Initial adoption of soil conservation is normally made easy by subsidies that aid in technology establishment. Extension agents are facilitated to educate farmers on the need to conserve soil. Soil conservation once established need to be maintained to serve the purpose of soil conservation. In the 1990s soil conservation subsidy was withdrawn with expectation that farmers would continue maintaining adopted soil conservation technologies. However, most farmers abandoned soil conservation structures as soon as conservation subsidy was withdrawn. A study was carried out in Kericho County to analyze factors believed to determine continued adoption of promoted soil conservation practices when subsidies are withdrawn. A random sample of 85 farmers was selected from Kericho County. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data from selected households. A lot of information on soil conservation efforts was sought from Lake Victoria Environmental Management Programme reports. The findings of the indicated that some of the analyzed variables significantly affected continued use of technologies. It is recommended that factors that were significant be considered in policy formulations related to sustainable use of soil conservation technologies. There is need to educate farmers to understand the role of soil conservation technologies in improved agricultural production so that farmers see the need to maintain the technologies.


The evolution of the distribution of urban retail locations and the resultant shopping travel over time is simulated. The dynamic model developed incorporates a standard gravity formulation for interzonal travel demand with a linear programming formulation for the determination of the incremental zonal retail spaces that maximize net aggregate profits from retail sales. From one time period to the next link travel costs are updated as a function of the current flow, and zonal retail space development costs are updated as a function of the level of sales performance of the zone. The results of the simulations are in some cases counterintuitive, and illustrate the varied impacts urban development and transportation policies have on the spatial patterns of shopping activity and travel. Further possible extensions of the model, as well as practical applications, are discussed in conclusion.


This study was conducted to investigate association of salt preference by salty taste assessment and self-recognition, and frequencies of selected...


Palm oil becomes very useful that provide the adaptation of various palm breed, which each has different characteristics. Now there are many researches about oil palm, but there is no suitable cutting tool for the researchers in order to study the physical characteristic of palm fruit. This research aims to build the electrical palm fruit cutting machine for the researchers. This machine has 4 parts: driving part, feeding part, cutting part, and palm fruits holding tool. There are 3 sizes of saw blade were used in efficiency test: 1) saw blade with diameter of 19.05 centimeters 40 teeth and 2.5 millimeters thickness that having amount of imperfect split palm fruit about 30%; 2) saw blade with diameter of 19.05 centimeters 60 teeth and 2.5 millimeters thickness that could reduce the imperfect split palm fruit to 8%; and 3) saw blade with diameter of 19.05 centimeters 60 teeth and 2.0 millimeters thickness that could reduce the amount of imperfect split to 1.2 %. The efficiency test results found that saw blade with diameter of 19.05 centimeters 60 teeth and 2.0 millimeters thickness is suitable for this electrical palm fruit cutting machine that could split 10 palm fruits in the average time of 43 second and used the average energy of 0.00668 kWh. The experimental results show that palm fruit cutting machine could apply well with the palm research laboratory.


A sensory gas chromatography (sensory GC) procedure with appropriate quality assurance steps was developed to evaluate ng/l concentrations of odorous chemicals in drinking water. Closed loop stripping analysis was used to concentrate the chemicals in the water samples. Sensory GC analysis was completed by smelling the effluent at the exit port of an on-column injector capillary GC system. An identical and parallel GC flame ionization detector system was used to monitor the sensory gas chromatograms. The sensory GC analysis is important because it can detect some of the individual components of the odor that a sensory panel determines on a water sample. The relationship between sensory panel response and the sensory GC procedure were investigated near threshold odor concentration levels and the data shows that sensory GC does not always correlate with sensory panel evaluations. This can be caused by the concentrations differences of the chemicals in the mixture and synergistic and antagonistic effects. Two taste and odor events reported at the Baxter Water Treatment Plant of the city of Philadelphia on the Delaware river were investigated. The events were first a metallic aftertaste accompanied by a burnt rubber odor and second a cucumber odor in the drinking water. The cases studied illustrate the use of FPA, sensory GC and GC/MS to understand the chemical nature of the odors present in the samples.


In this paper, we solve the three-dimensional biharmonic equa- tion with Dirichlet boundary conditions of second kind using the full multi- grid (FMG) algorithm. We derive a flnite difierence approximations for the biharmonic equation on a 18 point compact stencil. The unknown solution and its second derivatives are carried as unknowns at grid points. In the multigrid methods, we use a fourth order interpolation to producing a new intermediate unknown functions values on a flner grid, and the full weight- ing restriction operators to calculating the residuals at coarse grid points. A set of test problems gives excellent results.


One of the doctrines of English criminal law has been that no person should be criminally responsible for any action or omission if, at the material time, ie at the time of the act/omission, he was suffering from mental disorder. I Thus, such offenders could rely, usually when charged with murder, on the defence of insanity;' diminished responsibility, etc. The successful pleading of insanity used to lead automatically to the offender being ordered by the court to be admitted to a mental hospital and detained there until the Home Secretary directed otherwise." Before 1991, the status of such a patient was just like that of a patient under a hospital order with restrictions on his discharge, etc (Mental Health Act 1983, s 41) or a prisoner transferred to a mental hospital with similar restrictions (Mental Health Act 1983, s 47). But, according to the Criminal Procedure (Insanity and Unfitness to Plead) Act 1991, s 3 and Sched 1, para 2 such an offence may be treated now as if he had been admitted under a hospital order under the Mental Health Act 1983, and, if the court directs it, as if restrictions had been imposed on his discharge as under s 41 of the Mental Health Act 1983. The court, in its flexibility as granted by the 1991 Act, may also make a guardianship order, a supervision and treatment order or an order for absolute discharge (s 5). On the other hand, once diminished responsibility has been successfully pleaded, the court may (not must) make a hospital order with or without restrictions. This is because that defence only reduces the offence of murder to manslaughter and so the court is at liberty, in theory, to impose on the offender any sentence ranging from life imprisonment to an absolute discharge." A restriction order is a hospital order with


The electrical properties of the cancer affected cell or malignant tumor cell are completely different from normal healthiest breast tissue. Specific absorption rate (SAR) is used as one of the best parameter to identify the malignant tissue in breast with the help of electrical properties of the human breast tissue, for example, permittivity and conductivity. The design of modified octagonal shaped ultra-wideband monopole microstrip antenna with size of  $27\times 29\times 1.6$  mm3, fabricated with FR-4 material, is found suitable for ultra-wideband applications and used to detect the cancer. The antenna impedance bandwidth of simulated and measured results are good (S11 < −10 dB) and its operating frequency ranges from 3 to 15 GHz with voltage standing wave ratio ≤ 2. A 3-D breast model is designed with 60 mm radius, and simulated SAR values are tabulated for skin, fatty tissue, glandular tissue, and tumor. As glandular tissue is one of the softest tissues in human female breast, it has the possibility of developing tumor in lobules and ducts. The tumors of different size are incorporated in glandular tissue. It is found that the SAR value varies based on the tumor size in glandular tissue.


This paper describes a simulation technology for HgCdTe infrared detectors used in advanced IR focal plane array architectures. This model addresses the material processes needed for fabrication and the electrical characteristics of multi-layer structures covering a wide range of wavelengths from middle wavelength to very long wavelength.


Many studies show that photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a powerful tool for the fight against pathogenic, multiresistant bacteria and the closing of hygiene gaps. However, PDI studies have been frequently performed under standardized in vitro conditions comprising artificial laboratory settings. Under real‐life conditions, however, PDI encounters substances like ions, proteins, amino acids and fatty acids, potentially hampering the efficacy of PDI to an unpredictable extent. Thus, we investigated PDI with the phenalene‐1‐one‐based photosensitizer SAPYR against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of calcium or magnesium ions, which are ubiquitous in potential fields of PDI applications like in tap water or on tissue surfaces. The addition of citrate should elucidate the potential as a chelator. The results indicate that PDI is clearly affected by such ubiquitous ions depending on its concentration and the type of bacteria. The application of citrate enhanced PDI, especially for Gram‐negative bacteria at certain ionic concentrations (e.g. CaCl2 or MgCl2: 7.5 to 75 mmol L−1). Citrate also improved PDI efficacy in tap water (especially for Gram‐negative bacteria) and synthetic sweat solution (especially for Gram‐positive bacteria). In conclusion, the use of chelating agents like citrate may facilitate the application of PDI under real‐life conditions.


Abstract This introduction builds on De Costa et al.'s (2016], [2019) notion of linguistic entrepreneurship, which is defined as "the act of aligning with the moral imperative to strategically exploit language-related resources for enhancing one's worth in the world" (2016: 696). The four empirical studies and two critical commentaries that constitute this special issue explain the relevance of this construct and explore how it is instantiated in a range of formal and informal educational contexts across the world. Specifically, we explain how linguistic entrepreneurship serves as a unique and innovative contribution to the existing body of sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, and language policy research on neoliberalism.


Phase unwrapping is the key problem in building the digital elevation model (DEM) of a scene from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system data. In this paper, we propose a method of phase unwrapping based on the model of the multibaseline joint data group. The method can not only adaptively coregister the SAR images, but also accurately provide the accurate estimation of the terrain unwrapped phase in the presence of the large coregistration errors. Moreover, the improvement in computational complexity is achieved by using the multibaseline joint data group. The method is investigated by simulations, and results show successful phase unwrapping even if the image coregistration error is close to one pixel.


Chris Buswell discusses the importance of being aware of all possible factors which could cause incontinence in care home residents and highlights the need for a holistic approach to care.


Using the component method introduced in Eurocode3 and Eurocode4,and aiming at the existing methodical shortage of endplate beam-column composite joint initial rotational stiffness analysis,we proposed a detailed calculating procedure for the end-plate beam-column composite joint under hogging moment.Considering the influence of different location of longitudinal reinforcement and shear stud and that of stiffness of column web,a component model for initial rotational stiffness analysis was presented.The analytic result was compared with that of experiment.The result indicates that this method is of satisfactory accuracy,and it can be used to predict the initial rotational stiffness of this type of joints in engineering design.


The spatial confinement effect in laser-induced plasma with different distances between the target surface and focal point is investigated by optical emission spectroscopy. A Nd:YAG laser is used to produce plasma from a silicon sample in air atmosphere. When the appropriate distance is selected, the duration of spectral emission enhancement is much longer, and the enhancement effect is much stronger. The phenomenon is attributed to the aspect ratio of the lateral to axial direction of the plasma plume. The plasma plume of a large aspect ratio will interact with the reflected shockwave in a long range of delay time, leading to high particle density. This provided a better understanding about the effect of the distance between the target surface and focal point, leading to better conditions for spatially confined laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.


Efficient and selective removal of 90Sr is an important process for the safe use of nuclear energy. Herein, we investigate and assess the Sr2+ adsorption properties of a metal-organic framework UiO-66-(COOH)2 functionalized by non-bonded carboxylic groups. This MOF is an exciting class of free carboxylic functionalized MOFs that combine chemical stability with gas sorption, dye elimination, and conductivity. Specifically, we show that uniformly distributed carboxyl and water stability make it accessible for loading Sr2+ without structural changes. The FTIR spectroscopy, PXRD analysis, XPS, and SEM-EDS studies show excellent stability as well as the strong affinity between -COOH active site and Sr2+. This strong coordination interaction guarantees a high adsorption capacity of 114 mg g−1 within 5 h (pH 5 and 298 K). Combined kinetic and thermodynamic studies show that the surface complexation is strong chemisorption and cost-effective spontaneous process (ΔG = −5.49 kJ mol−1~−2.16 kJ mol−1). The fact that UiO-66-(COOH)2 not only possesses a high adsorption capacity, but also enables selectivity to Sr2+ in the presence of similar radius ions Na+ and K+, prefigures its great potential for the practical treatment of radioactive Sr2+ in polluted water.


Social isolation and nonparticipation in the community are chronic issues for adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders that can lead to poorer health outcomes. The Independence through Community Access and Navigation (I-CAN) intervention was developed as a theoretically grounded intervention that uses motivational interviewing to understand the interests and motivations of clients for participation. The intervention is designed to support participation in community-based activities by providing access and skill acquisition in a community environment. Participation between the recreational therapist and the participant decreases over time to encourage the individual to begin to independently access his or her community. This article presents the treatment planning steps and the implementation protocol for the I-CAN intervention.


With the recent rise of video traffic, it is imperative to ensure Quality of Experience (QoE). The increasing adoption of end-to-end encryption hampers any payload inspection method for QoE assessments. This poses an additional challenge for network operators to monitor DASH video QoE of a user, which by itself is tricky due to the adaptive behaviour of HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) mechanisms. To tackle these issues, we present a time-slot (window) QoE experience detection method based on network level Quality of Service (QoS) features for encrypted traffic. The proposed method continuously extracts relevant QoE features for HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) from encrypted stream in real-time fashion basically, packet size and arrival time in a time-slot of (1,2,3,4,5)-seconds. Then, we derive Inter Packet Gap (IPG) metrics from arrival time that result in three recursive flow features (EMA, DEMA, CUSUM) to estimate the objective QoE following the ITU-P.1203 standard. Finally, we compute (packet size, throughput) distributions into (10-90)-percentile within each time-slot along with other QoS features such as throughput and total packets. The proposed QoS features are lightweight and do not require any chunk-detection approaches to estimate QoE, significantly reducing the complexity of the monitoring approach, and potentially improving on generalization to different HAS algorithms. We use different Machine Learning (ML) classifiers to feed the QoS features and yield a QoE category (Less QoE, Good, Excellent) based on bitrate, resolution and stall. We achieve an accuracy of 79% on predicting QoE using all ABS algorithms. Our experimental evaluation framework is based on the Mininet-WiFi wireless network emulator replaying real 5G traces. The obtained results validate the proposed methods and show high accuracy of QoE estimation of encrypted DASH traffic.


For the Internet of Things (IoT), for safety in automotive, or for data protection, to be legally compliant requires testing the impact of any actions before allowing them to occur. However, system boundaries change at runtime. When adding a new, previously unknown device to an IoT orchestra, or when an autonomous car meets another, or with truck platooning, the original base system expands and needs being tested before it can do decisions with the potential of affecting harm to humans. This paper explains the theory and outlines the implementation approach a framework for autonomous real-time testing of a software-based system while in operation, with an example from IoT.


Induction of labour is defined as initiation of uterine contractions before spontaneous onset of labour. For majority of women labour starts spontaneously and results in vaginal delivery at or near term. However, induction of labour is required when there is risk of continuation of pregnancy either to the mother or to the foetus. The purpose of cervical ripening and induction of labour is to achieve vaginal delivery and to avoid operative delivery by caesarean section. A successful labour induction must result in adequate uterine contractions and progressive dilatation of cervix. It should also result in vaginal delivery, as there is little purpose in bringing about labour as a mere preparation for caesarean section. Labour induction should be carried out with minimum discomfort and risk to both mother and foetus.


This paper describes research carried out to determine the most suitable Day Types for use by the National Traffic Control Centre (NTCC) in typical traffic data profiles that represent the normal pattern of variation for a given Day Type. The research is based on experience gained in the operation of a large scale Traffic Management and Coordination system at the NTCC for England.


The demonstration of an aberration corrector for the STEM promises enormous improvements in the contrast and signal to noise ratio of Z-contrast images, with similar benefits for atomic column EELS. Here we show that the limiting resolution for a zone axis crystal will become not the probe, as in the case of isolated atoms, but the Is Bloch states. In fact, the Z-contrast image becomes a direct image of the Is Bloch states with limiting intensities for large thicknesses roughly proportional to Z The potential benefits for the (STEM) appear to far exceed those for the conventional TEM. Some of these benefits are intrinsic to incoherent imaging: the lack of interference artifacts and the potential factor of two improvement in image resolution were first pointed out by Lord Rayleigh. This improved resolution has been demonstrated by the achievement of sub-ingstrom information transfer in the VG Microscopes HB603U, and the resolution advantage will still apply after aberration correction.


To compute fuel planning which meet the requirement of CCAR121-R7 policy, a method is provided by utilize INFLT software: 1st step, compute and compare the value of 10% trip fuel and 15minutes fuel holding at 1500ft above the destination airport; 2nd step, recalculation the fuel planning based on the 1st step comparation outcome. The feasibility of the method is verified. There is reference sense for the fuel planning calculation by use AIRBUS PEP software.


Classic modern european philosophy explicate, reflect; leaving own history in fundamental metaphysical position, where the existence is understood as conscience. This position is representative in the process of historic development, transition of philosophical thought from R. Dekart to G. Hegel. It appears exactly the field of key metaphysical constants constitution and historically of definite form of scientific knowledge, that appeal to life the new line of philosophical coordinates and life values. The aim of research was an analysis of fundamental metaphysical position of modern European philosophy, which related to understanding the existence as conscience, acquiring a classical expression and ending in the problem of absolute knowledge – as intellectual intuition. Metaphysics of absolute knowledge obtain it's specific refraction and essential articulation in a context of the problem of intellectual intuition. Metaphysics of German idealism in a face of it's representatives, already recognize itself as "epochal" in the history of formation and systematic implementation of absolute spirit. History appears as a process of formation of the spirit of metaphysical thought, i.e. as a permanent and essential form of the development of Absolute knowledge system. In the process of research of intellectual intuition genesis as a metaphysics of mind, as a science hypothesis of research come out thesis, that the result of classic modern philosophy , resumed in the G.Hegel's system, represent itself as a reflection of Absolute knowledge division on conceptual knowledge and intuitive sense, and following transfer of metaphysical principles of Absolute knowledge about world in fundamental science.


Ammonia nitrogen in plant sample was determined photometrically by its color reaction with trichloroisocyanuric acid(TCCA) and salicylic acid(SA).In an alkaline medium,nitrogen in form of NH_4~+-ion was oxidized by TCCA and reacted with SA to give a blue colored complex,having its absorption maximum at 660 nm and in apparent molar absorptivity of 9.78×10~4L·mol~(-1)×cm~(-1).Beer's law was kept within 6.0 mg·L~(-1) of ammonia nitrogea In analyzing plant samples by the proposed method,the results obtained were in consistency with the results found by elemental analysis.


Pickering, Harvey, Summers, and Mushinski provide an important and interesting read, illuminating the experiences and struggles of large segments within the United States that are often excluded for consideration by policymakers and the general public. They present vital data on the well-being of low-income rural children and families in the midst of the devolution of public assistance. In Welfare Reform in Persistent Rural Poverty: Dreams, Disenchantments, and Diversity, the authors select two counties in four very different geographic regions settled by a disparate populace. They introduce us to Native Americans in South Dakota, whites in Appalachian Kentucky, Hispanics in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas, and African Americans in the alluvial plain of the Mississippi Delta. While distinctive from each other, the individuals from all eight counties in this monograph have experienced an extensive history of marginalization and exploitation, and not coincidently, deep and pervasive poverty. Pickering and colleagues make a well-researched and well-articulated argument that the personal, economic, and social context of individuals, as well as groups of individuals, needs to be addressed when critiquing public policy. Where legislators, both Republican and Democrat, typically alternate between either blatantly ignoring or vilifying the poor, it is refreshing to read a strengths and resiliency-based presentation of the lives, hopes, and struggles of representatives from these groups. The authors present a thorough and thoughtful treatment of such a contextually rich issue by using "what the people told us" (current and former Temporary Assistance for Needy Families [TANF] recipients; directors and personnel of tribal, local, state and federal government agencies and private businesses) to help provide a better understanding of "what the numbers told us." This strategic use of mixed research methodology assists the reader with insight into the complexities regarding the implementation and outcomes of the 104th Congress and President Clinton's goal of "ending welfare as we know it." In order to better grasp the political and economic background of the stakeholders in this inquiry, Pickering and colleagues provide a detailed explanation of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996, with specific focus on TANF. Their comprehensive analysis includes each of the eight counties and four states, as well as comparisons between the counties and states. Their concise historical overview of each population included in this study adds to the reader's discernment of the unique dynamics and circumstances experienced by those groups. The two consistently identified dreams of current and former TANF recipients were simply (1) steady employment and (2) providing a better future for their children. However, with some exception in Kentucky, these hopes were not realized by the participants in this study. The suggestion made by Pickering and colleagues that the differences in Kentucky can be attributed to the role race and ethnicity play in state policymaking has merit. The findings indicate that historic and current inequalities and biases that exist in these regions are often reinforced via the administration of TANF. The authors observe that since TANF allows for more local-level discretion, the potential for discrimination actually increased. Race, class, and social networks were strongly related to the distribution of TANF resources. Their conclusion that devolution has resulted in the transfer of federal funds to "local elites," which serves to further the power and economic disparity between groups who have been viewed as worthy and unworthy, is well-supported. As the authors assert early on in their book, "welfare in this country has never been about reducing poverty or eliminating hardships." In fact, results from this study demonstrate that TANF created more hardship for participants and more barriers for them in their attempts to become economically stable. In these counties of extreme poverty, job


The genus Clintonia (Liliaceae) consists of five species of rhizomatous perennial herbs found in East Asia and North America. Historically, Clintonia has been of considerable interest to embryologists because of the unique developmental pattern of the embryo sac (Walker 1944 and references therein). Recently Wang et al. (2008) reported low levels of within-population genetic diversity in Clintonia udensis but high between-population diversity based on ISSR analyses. They attributed this to the unique embryology of Clintonia, which they interpreted as equivalent to female self-fertilization, i.e., pseudogamy or apomixis, citing Kazuhiko et al. (2001), an incorrect reference to Hayashi et al. (2001). Here I wish to clarify the genetic consequences of Clintonia's embryology in order to correct this error in the literature. Both Hayashi et al. (2001) and now Wang et al. (2008) have misunderstood earlier work on Clintonia. Clintonia's embryology, while unique, does not lead to apomixis in any sense of the term. Instead, Clintonia's embryology results in seeds in which the embryo and endosperm are genetically identical to each other, as they are both diploid. It does not result in different zygotes being genetically identical or identical to the mother, as is the case in apomictic species. In most Liliaceae, the family in which Clintonia is usually placed, all four megaspores persist. The micropylar megaspore remains haploid and undergoes two rounds of mitotic division to produce the egg, two synergids, and a single haploid polar nucleus. The three chalazal megaspores fuse and undergo two rounds of mitosis, giving four triploid nuclei, one of which functions as a second (triploid) polar nucleus. After double fertilization, the developing seed contains a diploid zygote (egg þ sperm), but the endosperm is pentaploid (haploid polar nucleus þ triploid polar nucleus þ sperm; Haig 1990; Johri et al. 1992). In Clintonia the three chalazal megaspores still fuse but then degenerate and are not involved in any fertilization products (Walker 1944 and references therein). The mature embryo sac contains four haploid nuclei: the egg, two synergids, and a single haploid polar nucleus. Following double fertilization, the developing seed contains a diploid zygote (haploid egg þ sperm) and genetically identical diploid endosperm (single haploid polar nucleus þ sperm). Wang et al. (2008), following Hayashi et al. (2001), incorrectly interpreted this embryology as meaning different zygotes are genetically identical to each other and maternally derived, i.e., that this embryological developmental pattern leads to apomixis. This is incorrect; the unique embryo sac arrangement makes the zygote and endosperm within a seed identical but has no effect on the genetic identity among the zygotes of different seeds. This embryology also does not include any ''female selffertilization'' as stated by Wang et al. (2008) and Hayashi et al. (2001); while the degenerate chalazal megapores often do fuse, they do not form an embryo, as can occur in apomictic species (Richards 1997). Thus the finding of Wang et al. (2008) of low withinand high between-population diversity in C. udensis cannot be ascribed to its unique embryology, as stated, and is more likely to be a consequence of inbreeding and gene fixation operating within populations. I suggest that Wang et al. examine the breeding system of the species to determine whether it is even self-compatible and, if so, how commonly it self-pollinates.


1. Anatomy and Function 2. Imaging Methods 3. Ankle Trauma 4. Foot Trauma 5. Abnormalities of Alignment 6. Arthritis and Avascular Necrosis 7. Soft-Tissue Disorders 8. Infection in the Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Populations 9. Tumors 10. Systemic Disorders


The aggregation of a series of mono- and dilithionaphthalenes in THF solutions in the presence of tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA) was studied by NMR spe...


A luminous flux control member (100) of the present invention has: an input section (110) having light inputted thereto, said light having been outputted from a light emitting element (210); a total reflecting surface (120), which reflects toward the front side a part of the light inputted from the input section (110); a first output section (130) that outputs to the outside the light inputted from the input section (110) and directly reached the first output section, and light inputted from the input section and reflected by means of the total reflecting surface (120); and a second output section (160), which is protruding to the outside from the total reflecting surface (120), and which outputs to the outside a part of other light inputted from the input section (110).


The existence and stability analysis of an inflationary solution in a (D + 4)-dimensional anisotropic-induced gravity is presented in this paper. Nontrivial conditions in the field equations are shown to be compatible with a cosmological model in which the 4-dimension external space evolves inflationary while the D-dimension internal one is static. In particular, only two additional constraints on the coupling constants are derived from the abundant field equations and perturbation equations. In addition, a compact formula for the non-redundant (4 + D)-dimensional Friedmann equation is also derived for convenience. Possible implications are also discussed in this paper.


Abstract The electro-optical behavior of strong-strong, strong-weak and weak-weak anchored tilted and reversely-tilted large-pitch cholesterics has been investigated. The weak anchoring has been achieved after rubbing with soap the previously mechanically-rubbed glass plates. Under a voltage excitation, the most important reversely-tilted weak-weak anchored cholesteric layers giving rise to a nearly-planar Grandjean-like texture showed the appearance of a Helfrich's instability, followed by a π/2 rotation of the helix and finally, a scroll texture which compactly disappeared into a completely unwinded cholesteric. When voltage was switched off, the unwinded cholesteric was returned to the initial Grandjean-like texture for the case of a low voltage (U < 3Uth, where Uth is the threshold voltage for the Helfrich's instability) or has been transformed into a finger-print texture for higher voltages. This novel boundary-induced bi-stability is related to the weakness of the surface anchoring. In addition, att...


BACKGOUND The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) had been controlled in China. The seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Beijing has not been evaluated. METHODS In April, residents in Beijing were randomly enrolled. Blood samples were collected and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were tested by two colloidal gold kits. All colloidal gold positive serums were then tested by Micro-neutralization assay. RESULTS None of 2,184 residents participated was tested positive by micro-neutralization assay. The seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Beijing was estimated < 0.17%. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of COVID-19 was low in April suggesting that community-wide spread was prevented in Beijing.


Despite the increased coverage schemes of universal health insurance, unresolved challenges still remain in the current health care model. The expected epidemiological changes for chronic diseases in Latin American countries (LACs), will lead, in economic terms, to catastrophic expenditures for the health systems (more than 10% of the health budget) and for patients (more than 30% of the household income). Moreover, the governments, institutions and societies of these countries will have to face strong competition in the allocation of resources to universal coverage for other diseases [1].


Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), an efflux pump belonging to ATP-binding cassette (<st1:stockticker w:st="on">ABC)</st1:stockticker> transporter family that conferred resistance to macrolides, was detected in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (<st1:stockticker w:st="on">MRSA</st1:stockticker>) RN4220 strain. Herein we report isolation of phytoconstituents from Piper cubeba fruit methanol extract and investigated their efflux pump inhibitory potential against MsrA pump. Four isolated compounds viz. pellitorine, sesamin, piperic acid and tetrahydropiperine when studied in combination with erythromycin in S. aureus RN4220, exhibited 2-8 fold reduction in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin. Pellitorine and sesamin decreased MIC of erythromycin by 8-fold. The real-time fluorometry-based efflux and accumulation studies of ethidium bromide (EtBr) on S. aureus RN4220 in the presence of these compounds showed reduced efflux and enhanced uptake, thus indicating inhibition of the efflux pump. Pellitorine showed significant post-antibiotic effect of erythromycin. The results revealed that the primary mechanism of action of these compounds involves steady ATP production impairment.
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The decade long struggle of the tenants of Seamen's Institute building in Durban continue to have secure tenure with the provincial government as the owner while the seller as the landlord is in full control of the building. A government official colluded with an estate agent in a fraudulent scheme by inflating the market values of the properties and subsequently imprisoned. OCR undertook surveys of each household, engaged the government to take control of its properties and to provide security of tenure to the tenants. It secured an undertaking from the City Treasury to engage the tenants as per the constitutional court judgment not to disconnect basic services if the owner/landlord defaulted on payment or closed the municipal account.The survey results showed that the residents were tenants who occupied rooms/'units' in terms of oral leases. Approximately 24% entered into oral leases with Pather, being tenants for between 8-14 years. Majority of the tenants (52%) were in occupation for between 1-4 years and 10% between 9-10 years. Seven percent had tenancies for less than a year as well as 7% were in occupation for between 5-6 years, 7-8 years, 11-12 years and 13-14 years.


I will report on the experiences of the first-year undergraduate healthcare student intake of 2020/21 and how we adapted the face-to-face (f2f) drop-in service for students from two schools using a specialist Academic Skills Team approach. These students were provided with pre-recorded lectures to watch, webinars to attend and lots of guided learning to 'just get on with'. As a learning developer (LD), supporting assignment writing skills, I will reflect on what we learnt from the process, and how we overcame barriers to learning. Ali (2020) argues that the key ingredients for success in switching to online integrated learning are resources, staff readiness, confidence, student accessibility and motivation.


Ultra-wide Band (UWB) wireless communication technology has been widely used in the field of localization because of its signal characteristics and technical advantages. However, the increase of the nodes in networks will lead to channel contention. We design a multi-access scheme (two-frame scheme) for UWB localization networks to solve this problem. Using this scheme, each node can obtain the distance between the node and other nodes by sending two frames. Using the distance information, the network topology can be calculated. We also offer the solution for frame loss and multi-hop networks. Finally, the two-frame scheme is verified by simulation.


Medicine and law The Law Library and The Medical Library both represent old sciences, medicine with a long tradition at the University of Bergen1, law with a rather short one.2 From a library point of view we share some characteristics, and differ in others. Both libraries represent profession studies, and both faculties have researchers well acquainted with advanced information retrieval systems. While law may have a focus on existing situation, based on earlier experiences and rereading of law sources, medicine is focused on development and research in new fields. Even if law is developing in new fields, and medicine have strong traditions and need to reread history, we may say the medical information need is characterized by its currency. Research and teaching are of course interwoven, and the number of students compared to the number of researchers may have an impact on how we organize our library services. The Faculty of Law in Bergen has approximately 2000 students registered, while the Faculty of Medicine has 1300 students. While the medical library spends most of its budget on journal and database subscriptions, the law library has a relatively greater need for books.


In recent years, the extraction of retinal blood vessels from low contrast retinal images has become a challenging task for diagnosing retinal diseases such as Diabetic Retinopathy, Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), cataract, and glaucoma. Another challenge is screening the retinal image to identify the disease early on. However, data analysis from a large population-based study of retinal diseases is required to help resolve the uncertainty in identifying the retinal disease based on retinal image classification using deep learning approaches from the retinal diseases dataset. Therefore, we proposed the survey on the deep learning approach for screening the retinal image to identify the early stages of the disease and discussed retinal disease analysis based on deep learning approaches to detect Diabetic Retinopathy, AMD ROP, and Glaucoma. We also discuss deep learning applications in the segmentation of retinal blood vessels, extraction of the optic disc, optic cup, and fovea, and OCT segmentation to detect retinal disease for diagnosis of diseases. Finally, discuss the classification of arteries/veins using a deep learning approach.


Flux observation was one of the key to keeping high performance of a direct-torque-controlled drive system.In this paper,a nonlinear perpendicular flux observer with feedback compensation model was proposed,and combined with DTC for ac motor contorl.The flux observer ensured flux linkage to be perpendicular to back electromotive force,so that the stator flux linkage was estimated accurately over a wide speed rang.The feasibility and correctness were verified by simulation and experiment results.


We present the case of a 13-year-old Japanese girl with no previous medical history who presented with a gradually worsening series of orthostatic headaches. We diagnosed spontaneous intracranial hypotension, which worsened by playing the trombone and its Valsalva maneuver effect. She was admitted to our hospital and treated with rest and hydration, and discharged on day 14 without any headaches during the admission. However, her headache recurred when she played trombone, so she stopped it. She now plays percussions, and no headaches recurred for a year. Our case's headache may have been further exacerbated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage due to CSF pressure increase by the Valsalva maneuver while playing the trombone.


Millets are used for traditional as well as novel foods. These foods could be further promoted through research, consumer acceptability, entrepreneurship development and demonstration to stimulate processing of high quality, competitive products. Thus, processing facilities are particularly vital for the future of millet farming.


Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)technique was used to simulate the flow field and calculate the residence time distribution of different ozone contactors.The results showed that back flow and short-circuit flow exist obviously in ozone contactors.But some small changes occured as adding baffles in geometry that reduce the strength of recirculation zone and short-circuit flow.Although the flow fields between the contactor with vertical baffles and the contactor without baffles were completely different,the influence of the vertical baffles on the residence time distribution was small.This indicated that differences in flow field might have a small effect on residence time distribution.The additional horizontal baffles had a larger effect.The scope of the residence timedistribution became narrower,T10 was increased obviously.


India and Pakistan continue to inch towards a capability to produce nuclear weapons, with India having the stronger industrial base of the two to supply the necessary nuclear materials. This trend challenges U.S. policy to discourage the further spread, or proliferation, of nuclear weapons. After providing background on the production of nuclear weapons materials, this paper briefly describes the nuclear industrial bases of India and Pakistan; reason for and against their acquisition of nuclear weapons, and related U.S. response; and suggests some options for action and for study.


Sir, Tracheal intubation is older than the recognized history of general anesthesia itself. In the late 18th century, the royal humane society of London used tracheal intubation for resuscitating the near-drowned.[1] Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are both intensely stimulating procedures and are associated with varying degrees of sympathetic activity which may be detrimental in patients with coexisting conditions, such as coronary artery disease, elevated intracranial pressure, and asthma. Several groups have investigated the possibility that lighted stylet intubation may result in less stimulation than direct laryngoscopy and may offer some protective effects from sympathetic hyperactivity.[2]


I.-CASE AND COMMENTARY. The case is the twenty-fifth. fatal one that I have investigated, 24 of which were studied jointly with Dr. A. Paine; it is a rare example of an illness, which it was possible to follow over a ppriod of many months, to investigate carefally after death, and finally to elucidate by experimental research. I have to thank my colleague, Dr. W. S. Colman, as at one time or another I have had to thank all my medical colleagues at the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, for permission to make use of some of the inotes of the illness. Let me first say that it is not my intention to weary you with irritating clinical or post-mortem details, and the descriptions that I shall give will only bear upon practical points, and upon facts which need due emphasis.


A full theoretical treatment of electron capture processes using ab initio configuration interaction methods within a semiclassical collisional formalism has been developed. An application to closed- and open-shell systems is presented on the example of oxygen-ion/He collisions. 6 figs.