Whenever, in the history of language best poets' name is brought about, Allama Iqbal is remembered. He truly was a master poet of his time and gained wide popularity for his works in Persian, Urdu and English languages. If Orient had Allama Iqbal West had John Milton. Milton achieved great success very early in his life time. Although Milton is a poet of much earlier period i.e., 17th Century his life and works are compared and contrasted with that of Iqbal. Iqbal is said to have sought inspiration from Milton's Paradise Lost in writing his Shikwa. Both the poets are qualified enough in their fields to earn the title 'Poet Prophet'. A major point of similarity between both the poets is their mysticism, both of them have tried to discuss about the spiritual aspects of being in their works notwithstanding the fact that they immensely differ in language and style. Milton on one hand employs a complex writing technique in writing his poems Iqbal's poems are slightly easy to comprehend. Besides they are culturally very different, we find references to Greek mythology in works of Milton whereas Iqbal's works cite Islamic History. This paper seeks to analyze, compare and contrast two of the greatest epics in the history of Language and Literature called "Paradise lost" and "Shikwa" along with their sequels Paradise regained and Jawab-e-Shikwa.


La(Fe,Si)$_{13}$-based compounds are considered to be very promising magnetocaloric materials for magnetic refrigeration applications. Many studies have focused on this material family but only in bulk form. In this paper, we report the fabrication of thick films of La(Fe,Si)$_{13}$, both with and without post-hydriding. These films exhibit magnetic and structural properties comparable to those of bulk materials. We also observe that the ferromagnetic phase transition has a negative thermal hysteresis, a phenomenon not previously found in this material but which may have its origins in the availability of a strain energy reservoir, as in the cases of other materials in which negative thermal hysteresis has been found. Here, it appears that the substrate acts to store strain energy. Our exploratory study demonstrates the viability of thick films of the La(Fe,Si)$_{13}$ phase and motivates further work in the area, while showing that additional perspectives can be gained from reducing the dimensionality of magnetocaloric materials in which the magneto-volume effect is large.


With the advancement in technology the smart phones have grown ever more in past few years and the imperative segment of smart phone users is comprised of college students. In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyse the smart phone usage pattern of college students. The study has been conducted with a sample of 124 college/ university students studying in Gurgaon. The study reveals some interesting facts about student's mobile addiction and the way they use their smart phones. The results show that participants reported association between the numbers of applications downloaded and gender. It is shown that boys tend to download more mobile applications and replace their phones more frequently than girls. Our results also indicate that there is no relation in type of mobile phone used and gender. Survey also tells us about student's preferences about common use of cell phone. For the purpose of data analysis, R programming software is used.


Staphylococci have been confirmed to form biofilms on various biomaterials. The purpose of this study was to investigate biofilm formation among methicillin‑resistant (MRSAisolates from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI and to assess the relationship between biofilm‑forming capacities and virulence determinants/clinical background. Over a 12‑year period from 1990 through 2001 a total of 109 MRSA isolates were collected from patients(one isolate per patientwith UTI at the urology ward of Okayama University Hospital. We used the microtiter plate assay to quantify biofilm formation. We then investigated the presence of several virulence determinants by polymerase chain reaction assay and found eight determinants( to be predominant among these isolates. Enhanced biofilm formation was confirmed in ‑positive MRSA isolates both individually and in combination. Upon review of the associated medical records we concluded that the biofilm‑forming capacities of MRSA isolates from catheter‑related cases were significantly g on (UTI caused by MRSA i atheter‑unrelated cases. The percentage of ‑ and ‑positive isolates was higher among MRSA isolates from catheter‑related cases than those from catheter‑unrelated cases. Our studies suggest that MRSA colonization and infection of the urinary tract may be promoted by and gene products.


I, Saritha Thomas, do hereby declare that the thesis entitled "DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE LOW COST LARVICULTURE TECHNOLOGIES OF THE GIANT FRESH WATER PRAWN, MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII (DE MAN)" is a genuine record of research work done by me under the supervision of Dr. B. Madhusoodana Kurup, Professor and Director, School of Industrial Fisheries, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin -16 and has not been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or other similar title of any University or institution.


Lithium incorporation in cultured human skin fibroblasts was measured in a group of 10 manic-depressives and 10 controls. This system was believed to eliminate many of the sources of variability to which measurement of the lithium ratio in erythrocytes (RBCs) is subject. A fibroblast lithium ratio calculated from 1-hr lithium incorporation studies correlated highly with an in vitro RBC lithium ratio in medication-free controls. Manicdepressives and controls did not differ in lithium incorporation or fibroblast lithium ratio, leading to the conclusion that the lithium ratio is probably not a good measure for differentiating the two populations. Lithium has proved an effective agent for the treatment (Schou et al. 1954) and prevention (Davis 1976) of manic-depressive illness. It has been suggested (Mendels and Frazer 1973) that a central nervous system (CNS) membrane defect of lithium transport might relate to either the pathogenesis or the treatment responsiveness of the disorder. Although certain aspects of the cellular transport of lithium have been described at the molecular level (Ehrlich and Diamond 1979; Pandey et al. 1979a), the mode of therapeutic action of lithium as well as the underlying biological defect in manic-depressive illness remain


This research aims to establish the importance of the human right of access to education as a guideline of rehabilitation within the execution of the sentence of the female prison population of Colombia. In the context in which this research was established converges various social, economic, educational and cultural factors that affect the enjoyment of the right to freedom, an analysis is done from the legal field of human rights (positivization) and recognition of the recluse women as subjects of rights, aimed at highlighting the im portance of a proper process of rehabilitation through access to education redignifique the prison population in the enjoyment of their human rights, because the loss of freedom limits the enjoyment of social and civil rights, associated with the chaotic crisis of overcrowding and inner prison violence. Art studies on access to the right to education in prison context as resocializing pattern of Francisco Jose Scarfo (2002), Abraham Magendzo (2002), Katarina Tomasevski (2009), Marcela Lagarde (2005), Paulo Freire (1965), also cited the Universal Declaration of HR, international agreements, national jurisprudence and various public policies on the enjoyment of the human right to education in state pri son finally cited conclusions relevant to the research topic is set.


The study is a critique and problematization of the study of political behavior in Africa and beyond, and argues that the study of political behavior in Africa and other developing areas and emergent states has so far been superficial and narrow as a result of the behavioral tradition or trend of pigeonholing the study of African political behavior to fit into the classification and strait jacket of developed western societies of Europe and America. We also attempted to examine the various concepts of political behavior and tried to domesticate the examples.


ABSTRACT Knowledge of the mechanism of genetic resistance to nickel (Ni) toxicity in red oak (Quercus rubra) is limited. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the level of transcription of genes associated with nickel resistance in Q. rubra plants exposed to different doses of potassium nitrate and nickel nitrate. All the Q. rubra genotypes screened were highly resistant to nickel nitrate and potassium nitrate. An unexpected high level of transcription of (ACC) deaminase was induced in leaves by the low dose of potassium nitrate (150 mg/kg). This gene response decreased as the dose was increased to reach the lowest level at the high dose (1600 mg/kg). On the other hand, nickel induced significantly higher level of ACC deaminase transcription only for 1600 mg/kg of nickel nitrate. This transcription was higher in leaves compared to roots. For serine acetyltransferase (SAT) gene, the transcription was higher in roots than in leaves. Surprisingly, potassium nitrate (a common plant fertiliser) induced an upregulation of nicotianamine synthase (NAS3) gene in leaves of samples exposed to 150 mg/kg dose and a downregulation for the 1600 mg/kg treatment. An opposite trend attributed to nickel was observed with nickel nitrate treatments.


Based upon discussion of the shortages of engineering bill pricing method dynamic adjust analysis method of setting account of engineering cost under engineering bill pricing mode is analyzed.Author points out that the balance principle among duty,right and interest should be followed to make clear the rights and duties of party,specify the adjust method in terms of contract to ensure the smooth running of projects.


SIRS , We agree that in our meta-analysis, as in almost all, there is extensive clinical heterogeneity. An important question raised by Dr Fedorowicz et al. is whether or not it was appropriate to pool the data given the heterogeneity. The major concern of Dr Fedorowicz et al. was regarding the data in Figure 1, in which we presented data on cessation of vomiting during the first hours and 24 h after the administration of treatment. As stated in our paper, no significant statistical heterogeneity was found for cessation of vomiting in the emergency department, as demonstrated by I = 0%. As explained in our paper, I can be interpreted as the percentage of the total variation between studies that is attributable to heterogeneity rather than to chance. A value of 0% indicates no observed heterogeneity, and larger values show increasing heterogeneity. Thus, we believe our decision to pool the data was justified. In contrast, heterogeneity was significant for cessation of vomiting in 24 h (I = 66%). Acknowledging this, for this outcome measure, as well as for any other if there was statistical heterogeneity, we performed both fixed and random-effects model analyses. The latter one is a statistical model in which both within-study sampling error (variance) and between-study variation are included in the assessment of the uncertainty (confidence interval) of the results of a metaanalysis. Again, we believe that such approach was justified and in line with the recommendation outlined in the Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook. Nevertheless, it is clear that the statistically significant between-study heterogeneity indicates that the summary analyses of the treatment effect should be interpreted with caution. In their final comment, Dr Fedorowicz et al. stated that the time to cessation of vomiting, instead of cessation of vomiting, should be the key outcome measure. While we agree that it is an important outcome, it is up to practising paediatricians to judge which one is more important. The Salomon solution could be to report both. H. SZAJEWSKA & D. GIERUSZCZAK-BIAŁEK The 2nd Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland E-mail: email@example.com


Objective
To explore the value of the anatomical-based 3D printed guide plate in the treatment of simple Lisfranc ligament injury.

Methods
A prospective study of 10 cases of residual foot after amputation of lower extremity tumor patients was performed from September 2015 to April 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. There were 6 males and 4 females; aged 37-78 years; 5 cases of left foot and 5 cases of right foot. The Lisfranc ligament and its connected bone tissue were isolated from the stump specimen, the appearance and shape of the ligament were observed, and the detailed parameters of the ligament and its surrounding structure were measured. The clinical data of 16 patients with simple Lisfranc ligament injury from the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2016 to February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 10 males and 6 females, aged 15 to 57 years old, 7 left foot and 9 right foot. According to Myerson injury classification: 7 patients of type A, 3 patients of type B1, and 6 patients of type B2. According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into two groups. Eight patients that were treated with 3D printed guide plates were the guide plate group, and 8 patients that were treated with positioning guidance devices were the control group. The operation time, number of perspectives and tourniquet time of the 2 groups of patients were recorded and compared. Foot function assessment was performed in the 1st, 3rd and 9th month after surgery using Visual Analogue Score (VAS), Ankle-midfoot Score of American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and 36 items of MOS item short from health survey(SF-36).

Results
The Lisfranc ligaments of 10 residual specimens were composed of 2 bundles. The appearance was white, the texture was tough, elastic, surrounded by no fat tissue, starting from the outer side of the medial cuneiform, the direction of travel was slightly inclined to the lateral side, ending at the base of the second metatarsal, tightly connected to the bone tissue. Anatomical measurements: The length of the Lisfranc ligament was (7.74±1.25) mm, the total width was (7.04±1.42) mm, and the thickness was (4.92±0.38) mm. The distance between the attachment point of the ligament and the center of the medial wedge bone was (9.10±0.85) mm. The distance between the ligament stop point attachment point and the distal end of the second humerus wedge joint surface was (4.86±1.32) mm. The inner side of the medial wedge bone was (27.66±1.83) mm and the height was (39.00±2.51) mm. Along the ligament, the Kirschner wire was driven from the medial wedge and passes through it. Two planes A and B were made throught the needle point, which were parallel to the line of the length and height of the medial wedge bone, respectively, and were perpendicular to the inner side of the medial cuneiform. The angle between the ligament and the plane A was 17.5°±1.8°, and the angle with the plane B was 18.5°±2.4°. The distance from the needle insertion point to the needle point of the second metatarsal base was (34.52±3.72)mm. The patients' surgery was successfully pertormed. The operation time, tourniquet use time and fluoroscopy times of the guide plate group were (42.3±5.2) min, (30.1±4.8) min, (2.9±0.8) times, respectively, which were significantly less than the control group (56.7±8.4) min, (45.4±5.3)min、(6.0±1.6)times. The differences were statistically significant (t=-4.122, -4.889, -6.052, all P values 0.05).

Conclusions
By anatomizing and measuring the Lisfranc ligament and related structures in the specimen, the data support can be provided for the design of the 3D printed guide. In the clinic, with the anatomical data of the Lisfranc ligament and computer-aided design, 3D printing guide plate, it not only can the precise insertion of the screw, but also reduce the operation time and the risk of radiation exposure. The patients recover quickly after surgery and have good results..

Key words:
Lisfranc ligament; Anatomy; 3D printing; Guide plate


The invention discloses an automatic ground-based cloud detection method. The method includes the steps that visible light could pictures are collected; grayscale adjustment at a nonlinearity dynamic range is conducted on blue wave band images and red wave band images of the cloud pictures to obtain enhanced images of two wave bands, and then difference value processing is carried out on the enhanced images of the two wave bands to obtain a feature map; Shearlet conversion is performed on the feature map to acquire multiscale sub-band coefficients in different directions; afterwards, the texture features of modulus value images of all the sub-band coefficients are extracted; at last, a clustering algorithm is used for classifying extracted feature vectors, so that automatic detection of the cloud pictures is achieved. By means of the automatic ground-based cloud detection method, the limitation problem of manual visual judgment can be solved, automatic detection of the visible light cloud pictures is achieved, and good robustness and precision are achieved.


The effect of resistive switching in composite films based on organometallic perovskites CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3 with graphene oxide (GO) particles with a concentration of 1-3 wt% and a layer of fullerene derivative [60]PCBM is studied. It was found that the effect of resistive switching in Ag/[60]PCBM/ CH3NH3PbI3(Br3):GO/PEDOT:PSS/ITO/glass films manifests itself in a sharp change in the electrical resistance from a low-conductive to a high-conductive state when both positive and negative bias is applied on Ag and ITO electrodes (0.1-1.0 V) both in the dark and when illuminated by a simulated sunlight. It is assumed that the mechanism of resistive switching is associated with the capture and accumulation of charge carriers in GO particles due to the reduction/oxidation processes. The investigated composite films are promising for the creation of non-volatile memory cells.


The article is located within current debates on the growth of service sector employment. It focuses on the new area of machine gaming in Queensland, in order to address the quality and quantity of employment generated - especially for women and younger workers. The article highlights the distinctive characteristics of machine gaming, in particular the low levels of service associated with gaming process, in order to address broader issues such as the diversity of work within the service sector and the implications of the growth of this sector for the nature of work in Australia.


The San Francisco Bay Area is served by seven major regional transit operators and a host of smaller intracommunity transit services. The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC), the legislatively mandated regional transportation planning agency, is charged with overseeing the coordination of public transportation in the nine-county Bay Region. One approach the MTC has taken, in concert with the seven major operators, has been to encourage the development and promotion of a regional transit trunkline network rather than to force the integration of the separate local operations. In 1978 MTC and the transit operators identified essential transit corridors, the routes serving those corridors, and the transfer points connecting those routes. Following the adoption of this network, an ambitious cooperative public information project was undertaken to encourage the use of public transit for regional intercounty service. Although this approach has of necessity been incremental and although all the results are not in, the project has been successfull in creating an awareness of regional transit. Just as important, a focus for coordination activities has been developed that is acceptable to local transit operators, their policy boards, and the regional agency.


Given the competition for video tape format between two camps, strategies for technology development of storage media have been changed that lead companies to adopt more openness in strategic thinking, so as to gain competitive advantage through patent pool. Therefore, this study intends to outline a complex network of companies in a patent pool in developing technology strategies, in order to understand how companies gain competitive advantage in reference to 13 patent indicators. The information source for companies' technology arrangement is 339 sets of USPTO patent data released by DVD 3C Patent Pool from 1986 to 2008. The finding shows Pioneer is the only company actively organizing external resources in developing niche technology (cooperation rate is 0.05), whereas LG is focused on the arrangement in specific fields, and Philips and Sony have broad arrangements in 17 DVD technology fields, ahead of other companies by 4 and 5 fields, and both of them have become the platform leaders in terms of patent scope and quantity.


Transition disks with large inner dust cavities are thought to host massive companions. However, the disk structure inside the companion orbit and how material flows toward an actively accreting star remain unclear. We present a high-resolution continuum study of inner disks in the cavities of 38 transition disks. Measurements of the dust mass from archival Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array observations are combined with stellar properties and spectral energy distributions to assemble a detailed picture of the inner disk. An inner dust disk is detected in 18 of 38 disks in our sample. Of the 14 resolved disks, 8 are significantly misaligned with the outer disk. The near-infrared excess is uncorrelated with the mm-dust mass of the inner disk. The size–luminosity correlation known for protoplanetary disks is recovered for the inner disks as well, consistent with radial drift. The inner disks are depleted in dust relative to the outer disk, and their dust mass is uncorrelated with the accretion rates. This is interpreted as the result of radial drift and trapping by planets in a low α (∼10−3) disk, or a failure of the α-disk model to describe angular momentum transport and accretion. The only disk in our sample with confirmed planets in the gap, PDS 70, has an inner disk with a significantly larger radius and lower inferred gas-to-dust ratio than other disks in the sample. We hypothesize that these inner disk properties and the detection of planets are due to the gap having only been opened recently by young, actively accreting planets.


2 oo ABSTRACT: ]_QC regularity is shown for solutions to variational inequalities with two C ' -obstacles involving a linear uniformly elliptic second order operator with C°' a coefficients. The result also covers the case of quasilinear operators with 1 α C ' coefficients by making the reasonable assumption that the starting regularity is The main idea of the proof is to use a Harnack inequality in order to derive growth estimates for the difference between solution and obstacles near the coincidence set.


Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world and the third cause of cancer-related mortality as estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). A major risk factor for HCC development; is Hepatitis C virus (HCV). According to WHO, approximately 55–85% of patients with HCV will develop chronic hepatitis, which lead to progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis. There are no biomarkers for early detection of HCC, and most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, which is associated with poor prognosis. MicroRNAs have been reported as biomarkers for various pathologic conditions and recently HCC is one of them. Aim: Explore the potential usefulness of serum miR-221 as a diagnostic biomarker of HCV-related HCC. Methods: This study was conducted on 40 chronic HCV patients and 10 healthy control subjects. Patients were divided into two groups: HCC and cirrhosis. All patients and controls were subjected to clinical assessment and laboratory investigations in addition to the evaluation of the level of serum miRNA-221 expression by RT-PCR. Results: MiRNA- 221 showed significant fold increase in both HCC and cirrhosis (P = 0.005) when compared to normal controls. ROC curve analysis for miR-221 yielded 85% sensitivity and 40% specificity for differentiation of HCC patients from non-HCC. Conclusion: Serum miR-221 has a strong potential to serve as one of the biomarkers of early HCC development. This can modify liver carcinogenesis, and can be used to improve preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies in HCC.Key words: MiRNA; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatitis C Virus


Obstacle detection is of essential importance for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV). Although some obstacles (e.g., ships, islands) can be detected by Radar, there are many other obstacles (e.g., floating pieces of woods, swimmers) which are difficult to be detected via Radar because these obstacles have low radar cross section. Therefore, detecting obstacle from images taken onboard is an effective supplement. In this paper, a robust vision-based obstacle detection method for USVs is developed. The proposed method employs the monocular image sequence captured by the camera on the USVs and detects obstacles on the sea surface from the image sequence. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme is efficient to fulfill the obstacle detection task.


Structural flexibility has been associated with various biological processes such as molecular recognition and catalytic activity. In silico studies of protein flexibility have attempted to characterize and predict flexible regions based on simple principles. B‐values derived from experimental data are widely used to measure residue flexibility. Here, we present the most comprehensive large‐scale analysis of B‐values. We used this analysis to develop a neural network–based method that predicts flexible–rigid residues from amino acid sequence. The system uses both global and local information (i.e., features from the entire protein such as secondary structure composition, protein length, and fraction of surface residues, and features from a local window of sequence‐consecutive residues). The most important local feature was the evolutionary exchange profile reflecting sequence conservation in a family of related proteins. To illustrate its potential, we applied our method to 4 different case studies, each of which related our predictions to aspects of function. The first 2 were the prediction of regions that undergo conformational switches upon environmental changes (switch II region in Ras) and the prediction of surface regions, the rigidity of which is crucial for their function (tunnel in propeller folds). Both were correctly captured by our method. The third study established that residues in active sites of enzymes are predicted by our method to have unexpectedly low B‐values. The final study demonstrated how well our predictions correlated with NMR order parameters to reflect motion. Our method had not been set up to address any of the tasks in those 4 case studies. Therefore, we expect that this method will assist in many attempts at inferring aspects of function. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In August 2001, the state‐run Control Board for the Chester‐Upland School District awarded control of nine of their 10 schools to Edison Schools, with little opposition. In contrast, nearby Philadelphia fought state efforts to privatize schools. Finally, on July 31, 2002, the joint state‐city Philadelphia School Reform Commission partially privatized 45 (17 percent) of the city's 264 public schools, while partly reconstituting 41 others. Published sources, fieldwork, and semistructured interviews with 26 policy makers and educators are used to explain the different approaches to privatization. The small size and related low community involvement of Chester, Pennsylvania, enabled the state to conduct more thoroughgoing policy change with less opposition. Further, Philadelphia schools had made some progress in the 1990s, while dire conditions in Chester encouraged more extreme reform. Chester's less scrutinized, more thoroughgoing privatization had a more troubled first year than did the more measured reforms implemented in Philadelphia, suggesting that a more open political process may yield better programmatic results. The article concludes with empirical and normative lessons about school privatization in urban school districts. Of particular import is that, paradoxically, political factors may force privatization and related reforms to be rushed in ways that make their educational success problematic.


The efficiency of a plasma thruster can be improved if the plasma stream can be highly focused, so that there is maximum conversion of thermal energy to the directed energy. Such focusing can be potentially achieved through the use of magnetic nozzles, but this introduces the potential problem of detachment of plasma from the magnetic field lines tied to the nozzles. Simulations and laboratory testing are used to investigate these processes for the high power helicon (HPH) thruster, which has the capacity of producing a dense (1018−1020m−3) energetic (tens of eV) plasma stream which can be both supersonic and super-Alfvenic within a few antenna wavelengths. In its standard configuration, the plasma plume generated by this device has a large opening angle, due to relatively high thermal velocity and rapid divergence of the magnetic field. With the addition of a magnetic nozzle system, the plasma can be directed/collimated close to the pole of the nozzle system causing an increase in the axial velocity of t...


This paper is concerned with the automation and control of grating spectrometers by digital techniques. The methods outlined include: a simple manually operated digital control; a dedicated logic system with data storage; data acquisition and control systems run by a computer in real-time and time-sharing modes. The performance of these methods is evaluated. A basic spectrometer control unit is described; this unit forms a module around which more general spectrometer control systems may be constructed.


Increasingly expanding financial aid for students in financial difficulties in recent years made it possible for some well-to-do students to be funded,seriously deviating from the state established funding policy for students in financial difficulties.Starting with the assessment of some students' financial difficulties under current financial funding policy,combined with questionnaires,interviews,this paper deeply analyzes the cause for the deviation in the assessment of financial difficulties,so as to put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to explore to establish and gradually improve the reasonable mechanism for assessment of financial difficulties in the hope of funding the students in financial difficulties.


The population of Sceloporus undulatus occupying the vast sand dune area of part of the ancient Cabeza de Vaca Basin of north-central Chihuahua, Mexico, belongs to the terrestrial consobrinus exerge, and is distinguished readily from its geographically closest described relative, S. u. consobrinus, by its late-developing, discrete semeions, not black-bordered, in males; the usual absence of scattered, black pigmentation ventrally in both sexes; usually a brightly striped dorsal pattern; much reduced or no paravertebral dark spots, usually replaced by a line; a marked seasonal variation in intensity of dorsal pigmentation in both sexes; dorsals usually (88%) 35-39; gular semeions usually (79%) separated medially. It is named S. u. speari in honor of Norman E. Spear, Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the State University of New York at Binghamton.


The indirect exchange interaction between localised magnetic moments by way of virtual excitations from the valence band is calculated in semiconductors and insulators taking into account the mean free path energy gaps, finite valence bands and effective masses. The decreasing mean free path weakens the interaction and also changes the phase of the oscillations. As the energy gap increases the oscillations become increasingly damped. The exchange interactions oscillate with the mean free path suggesting interesting applications of this model. For small gap semiconductors the effects of the mean free path are more important than the energy gap whereas the relative effect of these two parameters are competitive in an insulator.


To understand the conflicts and ambiguities present in the cross controversy and the Wren Chapel itself, one must place them in the context of the conflicts and ambiguities present in the relevant histories and traditions that govern Wren as a space. The debates concerning the Wren Chapel fell into three rough categories: arguments about the purpose of universities, claims about the history of the Anglican Church, and inferences drawn from constitutional scholarship. As I will show, the participants in the Wren controversy, intentionally or otherwise, grounded their arguments in assumptions about these three traditions and their relevance to the Wren Chapel and the College.

 I trace the duality and conjugation of authority and pluralism in each of these traditions over time and the tensions present as authority and pluralism vacillate to and from dominance. Authoritative arguments emphasize that there is a single person or perspective that should dominate the resolution of a controversy. Pluralistic arguments, on the other hand, acknowledge a range of legitimate people or perspectives. I submit that to engage in effective deliberation is not just to acknowledge the premise that a plurality of views are legitimate, but also to admit elements of authority as the structure in which pluralism thrives. I suggest that discourse within and among these traditions, or meta-deliberation, allows cross-paradigmatic exploration for a more holistic decision-making process and means of illuminating the identity of spaces. Deliberation, particularly in the Wren Chapel case, has value because all the components present in the controversy are deliberative themselves. Each of the traditions I discuss is composed of authoritative and pluralistic elements, so the deliberative resolution must also embrace authoritative and pluralistic voices.


The condition of railway tracks needs to be periodically monitored to ensure passenger safety. Cameras mounted on a moving vehicle such as a hi-rail vehicle or geometry inspection car can generate large volumes of high resolution images. Extracting accurate information from those images has been challenging due to the clutter in the railroad environment. In this paper we describe a novel approach to visual track inspection using semantic segmentation with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. We show that DCNNs trained end-to-end for material classification are more accurate than shallow learning machines with hand-engineered features and are more robust to noise. Our approach results in a material classification accuracy of 93.35% using 10 classes of materials. This allows for the detection of crumbling and chipped tie conditions at detection rates of 86.06% and 92.11%, respectively, at a false positive rate of 10 FP/mile on the 85-mile Northeast Corridor (NEC) 2012-2013 concrete tie dataset. Index Terms— Semantic Segmentation, Deep Convolutional Neural Networks, Railway Track Inspection, Material Classification. 1. INTRODUCTION Railway tracks need to be regularly inspected to ensure train safety. Crossties, also known as sleepers, are responsible for supporting the rails and maintaing track geometry within safety ranges. Tracks have been historically built with timber ties, but during the last half century, steel reinforced concrete has been the preferred material for building crossties. Concrete ties have several advantages over wood ties, such being a more uniform product, with better control of tolerances, as well as being well adapted for elastic fasteners, which control longitudinal forces better than conventional ones. Moreover, by being heavier than timber ties, concrete ties promote better track stability [1]. For all these reasons, concrete ties have been widely adopted, specially in high speed corridors. Although concrete ties have life expectancies of up to 50 years, they may fail prematurely for a variety of reasons, such as the result of alkali-silicone reaction (ASR) [2] or delayed ettringite formation (DEF) [3]. Ties may also develop fatigue cracks due to normal traffic or by being impacted by flying debris or track maintenance machinery. Once small cracks develop, repeated cycles of freezing and thawing will eventually lead to a bigger defects. This work was supported by the Federal Railroad Administration under contract DTFR53-13-C-00032. The authors thak Amtrak, ENSCO, Inc. and the Federal Railroad Administration for providing the data used in this paper. Le#
  Rail
   Right
  Rail


To assess the value of color Doppler flow imaging for monitoring ovulation induction with infertile. Method: This study was carried out on total of 45 menstrual cycles in 30 patients. The first group was contrast and second group received clomiphene treatment. All patients were performed ultrasound on 7, 10 and the one day before ovulation. The diameter of follicle, endometrium and the PI, RI of uterine artery were measured. Result: There were 41 cycles can be seen growth follicle in 45 cycles. Ratio of detection follicle is 91.11%. The relationship between diameter of follicle and endometrium is closely. The blood flow parameters can be measured in uterine artery. And PI, RI was decreasingly to day before ovulation. Conclusion: The color Doppler flow imaging can be used to predict and monitoring the ovulation. And it can be accepted by patients because it is no invasion.


Editor's Note: These short reviews of a recent paper in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to mimic the journal clubs that exist in your own departments or institutions. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see Computational models in humans suggest two different types of coding numerical quantity (Dehaene and Changeux, 1993). Summation coding reflects the idea that numerical quantity (or numerosity) is encoded by a monotonically increasing response function: the higher the numer-osity, the more neuronal activation. In labeled-line coding (or place coding) a specific neuron responds most strongly to one specific numerosity [Nieder and Merten (2007), their Fig. 1 F1)]. The evidence for these different types of encoding is relatively sparse. On a behavioral level, it has only recently been shown that both types of encoding coex-ist, and that the coding system depends on the stimulus material used (dot patterns or Arabic numerals) (Roggeman et al., 2007). On a neuronal level, several single-cell studies have revealed labeled-line coding neurons (Nieder and Miller, 2004): the firing rate of prefrontal and parietal neurons in rhesus monkeys responded maximally to specific numerosities. Although these neurons behave exactly as described by labeled-line coding, extreme numerosities (1 and 5) might act as low-and high-pass filters (Roggeman et al., 2007). Furthermore, because all neurons had identical short firing-rate latencies for all numerosities tested (ranging from 1 to 5), the extraction of numerosity must have been parallel across the entire display (Nieder and Miller, 2004). This raised the possibility that the number selectivity of the neurons was a feature of the subitizing mechanism and that numerosity might be calculated in the parietal cortex and then forwarded to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to be held in memory (Feigenson et al., 2004). In a new study published in The Journal of Neuroscience, Nieder and Merten (2007) show that labeled-line coding is also present for larger numerosities. Two rhesus monkeys were trained to perform the delayed match-to-numerosity task. In this task, monkeys are trained to judge whether two successive displays contain the same number of randomly placed dots. The numerosity of dots on a display ranged from 1 to 30. Because the presented dot patterns are controlled for area and density, the monkeys must extract the numerosity of the set of dots to complete the task. The results mirror those obtained with small numerosities (Nieder …


Minimally invasive procedures such as biopsy or thermal tumor ablations share a similar planning scenario: a linear path for a needle shaped instrument has to be found such that the needle tip can reach a defined target such as a tumor. The path should be chosen according to several criteria, which influence safety, practicability and, in the case of ablation techniques, the ablation success of the procedure. In this work we present a method to explore all possible access paths to a given target with respect to clinically relevant criteria. The method leverages the graphics processing unit to sample these criteria. Parallel coordinates are utilized to interactively explore the resulting set of paths. Finally, we present an interactive selection technique in combination with a real-time visualization of the selected path and the patient anatomy.


Machine to machine (M2M) communication is the direct communication between devices without human involvements. Recently M2M services in cellular networks have been promoted by cellular operators for sustainable profits for the next decade. However, M2M will also bring serious access congestion problems into cellular networks. This paper studies random access (RA) protocols for cellular M2M communication systems and in particular investigates two RA methods including transmission probability control and two-hop Aloha as well as their dynamic extensions. Our analysis illustrates that the proposed solutions can provide much better performance in terms of random access throughput and delay.


philosophical assumption that the group is the source of most of the new knowledge and achievement. These two assumptions create fundamentally a very different attitude towards such issues as team work, skill training and dispensing praise and blame. Culturally, the American psyche is very different from the Japanese. For any approach to succeed it is important that the cultural and socio-psychological factors be taken into account. Person-centred leadership, according to Plas, is an approach which has been developed on the basis of intensive interaction with a variety of organisations in the United States, and is best suited to the American mind and ethos.


In the industrial world, conveyors are used to moving products from one place to another, errors that often occur are instability of the conveyor caused by the given load exceeds the specified limit, so the speed of the conveyor motor drive changes speed, which can disrupt the process production. Seeing the problem above, a system of controlling motor speed is automatically designed by applying a fuzzy logic algorithm using a microcontroller. Fuzzy is used to control motor speed to maintain motor speed stability on the conveyor. While the microcontroller used by Atmega8535. The input variables used are errors and ∆ errors. Both input variables come from PWM input which is read by an optocoupler sensor. Error variable is the difference between the current motor speed and the desired motor speed (setting point) and ∆ error is the error difference with the previous error. For the success rate obtained is 90%.


ABSTRACT Over 90% of introduced marine species are seaweeds. Seaweeds rely on their microbiome for host settlement, nutrition, development and health. As such, it is likely that microbiomes are involved in seaweed invasions. Sargassum muticum, indigenous to Southeast Asia, inhabits the North-east Atlantic from Norway to Morocco. This is the only known successful case of a non-clonal marine invader with almost no genetic variation over its large NE Atlantic introduced range. This makes it a very interesting model to study an invasive seaweeds microbiome, as it practically uncouples host genetic variation from microbiome variation. Associated bacteria potentially contribute to the plasticity and acclimation of S. muticum leading to its success over the last 50 years. Dispersing host organisms can either bring their acquired microbes along or obtain new ones locally, following the mutualist and generalist host hypothesis, respectively. We used partial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize the total and core microbiome across S. muticum structures/tissues from five NE Atlantic regions, from Norway to Morocco, covering over 30° of latitude. In contrast to host genotypes, highly diverse, regional, total and core microbiomes, with differentiation levels depending on tissue, bacterial community structure were detected. Atlantic S. muticum follows the generalist host hypothesis, possibly recruiting a new microbiome in each new region. This host promiscuity may promote the invasiveness of S. muticum. Diversity was lower in the young/annual tissues compared with the older tissues for the total bacterial community, suggesting that these are mostly transitory bacteria accumulating over time in the older parts. The total core microbiome included 10 OTUs, representing dominant community members commonly found in other seaweeds' cores. The core Granulosicoccus OTU followed a clear regional pattern where northern and southern regions clustered differentially, suggesting a regional signature even at an OTU level. HIGHLIGHTS North-east (NE) Atlantic Sargassum muticum microbiome differentiation does not match host genetic background. NE Atlantic S. muticum shows a geographic region and tissue-specific total and core bacterial community matching bestthe generalist host hypothesis. Core OTU – the bacterium Granulosicoccus – shows a strong regional specialization.


In order to establish the "mechanism of action".of laser biostimulation it is necessary to first identify the primary light-absorbing molecule: the chromophore. If the resulting biochemical reactions following the initial photochemical event can be worked out, then predictions concerning the effects of light irradiation on cell function can be made and tested through observations on cell cultures. Finally, one can compare changes in cell function induced by light irradiation with the observed clinical consequences. If a photon is not absorbed then there is no effect on tissue. Therefore, it can be assumed that the initial physical event in laser biostimulation is the absorption of light by specific molecules in the target tissues, as occurs in photoysnthesis (chlorophyll), vision (rhodopsin), and photodynamic therapy (hematoporphyrin derivative). From this perspective the respiratory chain enzymes (cytochromes) within mitochondria have been identified as the primary "biostimulation


The environment is the subject of many concerns. This study is the result of research carried out with the project Implicacoes do ambiente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, AMBENAP, supported by the Programa Observatorio da Educacao da Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (OBEDUC/CAPES). Such research aims to undertake discussions about environmental education, held from school garden implemented in schools of basic education. The methodology used was based on the problematization theory and has as its starting point the reality that, observed from different angles, allows to extract and identify the existing problems. From the observation and analysis, it can be concluded that through gardens the students learn in practice some care with the environment, in addition to influencing the actions of the students.


Abstract In this article I argue that the work of evangelism must take place both within the church and outside the church. The evidence of decline in the church--particularly in the West--is not matched by the vibrancy of the church in the global South. In both regions however there is a demonstrable lack of depth in the quality of Christian discipleship. It was this issue which I sought to address in my work in the Uniting Church in Australia by addressing the need for catechetical programmes targeting young people in the "migrant" churches of our denomination. Before long it became clear that there was a desire from the whole church - both adults and young people - to explore their faith and practice more deeply. The task is to "evangelise the baptised" (Arias), which prioritises evangelisation and catechesis. Evangelism is how the church with its good news of God's reign attracts people out there in the society by word and example. Evangelization takes place within the church and is the initial stage by which persons are led step by step to a first commitment to the Christian life of faith. ********** The language of church decline, particularly in Western churches and societies, has been around for several decades now. Moreover, visible evidence for church decline is indisputable, especially if one subscribes to a common understanding of such decline as something to do with membership numbers. In the meantime, the language of decline is not yet commonly used in regards to churches in the global South, as it is now widely accepted that the centre of gravity of Christianity has shifted to that part of the globe. (1) There are those who argue that decline is not to be determined by quantity but by quality. That is to say that while there are undoubtedly dwindling numbers in most of the mainline Western churches, this is not to be an indicator of the quality of faith and spirituality that exists in those places. In regards to churches in the global South, there is room for analysis to better understand the dynamics of numerical growth as opposed to faith growth. Regardless of one's thoughts on the issue of decline, the fact remains that Christianity in the 21st century is characterized by "radically changing ecclesial landscapes." (2) More to the point of this paper, John Westerhoff graphically sketches the current Christian landscape thus: (i) After almost two thousand years of proclaiming the gospel, there are still millions of people who have not accepted the gospel; (ii) After baptizing persons for the same length of time, the lives of those baptized are rarely significantly different from the lives of the unbaptized. (3) It is with Westerhoff's second point that this paper is concerned. For years I have attributed the root causes of the diminishing presence of Christianity today, in the West specifically, and in the world generally, to the European enlightenment and the processes of secularization. Now I am questioning this notion. The 2015 WCC Evangelism in the City exploration in Sydney, co-organized with the Council for World Mission (CWM), and organized locally by my husband and me, gave me occasion to articulate more coherently the questions I had been wrestling with. My presentation at that workshop focused on my ministry in the Uniting Church in Australia (UCA) Synod of New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Within the first 12 months of commencing my role as multicultural consultant, I realized that equipping the membership for multicultural ministry and mission is one thing. But in the absence of any form of Christian catechism, equipping members with basic and sound tools for mission and ministry seemed a more urgent prerequisite. The UCA is a self-professed multicultural church where it is widely recognized that vibrant faith and growth is to be found in migrant churches. …


This paper focuses on the review of geomorphology and late Quaternary environmental change in the Namibia, south-western Africa. The relationship between geomorphology and climate in Namibia reveals the degree and extent to which its landscapes are determined by changing environmental conditions. Case studies of late Quaternary environmental changes in the northern, western and central Namibia are presented. Geomorphological analysis showed that the modern-scale landscape of the south and central Namibia is controlled primarily by tectonics and also by the lithology, base level and climate. At present there is debate on the behavior of Quaternary hydroclimate in the Namibia in response to precessional (19–23 kyr cycle) insolation variations and the effect of glacial versus interglacial boundary conditions. Clues from marine records regarding these debates were obtained. lower leaf-wax δD and higher δ13C (more C4 grasses) recorded in marine sediments over the last 140 ka indicates wetter summer conditions and increased seasonality during the Late Quaternary, particularly during Southern Hemisphere insolation maxima relative to minima and during the last glacial period relative to the Holocene and the last interglacial period. In the central and south-western Namibia, CNB dating suggests that the Namib Sand Sea has a residence time of at least 1 million years. Depositional ages of luminescence dating for dune sediments yields three broad areas of the sand sea, including MIS 5, later in the Pleistocene around the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene. The high coincidence of the luminescence ages of the linear dune complexes in the Kalahari over a distance of about 150 km suggests that dune activation in the south-western Kalahari was not the result of local effects but due to sub continental climatic changes. The major dates for dune forms in Kalahari at present are of Holocene age. In the northern Namibia, landscape degradation and desertification are developed during the Holocene. Humification of soils in this region suggests open savanna environments in the past and does not accord with the shrub lands and thornbush savanna at present. Landscape degradation seems to have started in pre-colonial times most likely as a consequence of cattle farming. These examples from different regions of the Namibia offers pointers as to how geomorphological evidence of Quaternary change can be used to assist in the better management of contemporary and future environmental conditions.


Influenza A virus exists in almost all of homothermal animals and is the prime type leading to infection in humans and animals.Under natural circumstances,influenza virus has certain host range.In general,influenza virus of human origin cannot replicate in birds,such as chickens or ducks.Likewise,avian influenza virus has very low replication ability in primates.In the past several years,however,there have been many incidents that avian influenza virus(including H5N1,H9N2 and H7N7 subtypes)have transmitted from avian to human.The pandemics of H1N1 influenza that occurred in 2009 has been confirmed a recombination with influenza virus of swine origin.Studies have demonstrated that the differences in viral molecular structure and the interaction between virus and host cell determine influenza virus pathogenicity and interspecies transmission and the molecular biology basis for such changes are mutations of certain amino acids in functional sites on structural or nonstructural proteins.


Objective To evaluate the patients who had difficult airway with GlideScope videolaryngoscope in perioperation and to observe its application value.Methods Thirty patients who were predicted difficult airway before operation evaluated the airway with the Macintosh direct laryngoscope and GlideScope videolaryngoscope in semiconsciousness,and recorded the Cormack grade and the changes of hemodynamics when the glottis was exposed by the two separated laryngoscope.If Cormack and Lehane grade was within 2 grade by using the GlideScope videolaryngoscope,the patients received rapid sequence induction of anesthesia.If the grade was up 2 grade,the patients would be performed according to ASA difficult airway course.Result GlideScope videolaryngoscope compared with Macintosh direct laryngoscope in the anesthetic endotracheal intubation could reduce Cormack and Lehane grade and induce less hemodynamic responses during exposing glottis.Conclusion The application of GlideScope videolaryngoscope will be beneficial to choose the better approach of intubation,which can evaluate the difficult airway more direct and acute,increase safety factor and degree of comfort,and avoid waving of hemodynamic responses.


The largest genus of Amaryllidaceae in Brazil is Hippeastrum Herbert (1821: 31), with about 30 species and the widest geographical distribution in the country. The whole genus has about 60 species with two centers of diversity, Bolivia/Peru and Southeast/Southern Brazil (Meerow & Snijman 1998).


Objective To investigate the treatment of obstruction of lacrimal passage with intervenient polyurethane support.Methods Infusing lacrimal passage with surface-anesthesization,then to probe lacrimal passage under X-Ray,infuse again,put intervenient polyrethane support in,do contract examination to make sure the support was in place,wash-down support with physiological salt solution. Results After polyurethane support was put in,lacrimal flow took a favorable turn soon,infuse lacrimal passage after 1 d,7 d,followed by regular visites to 6 months to make radiograph examination.The result manifests that support is in place,lacrimal is passable.Conclusions To treat obstruction of lacrimal passage with intervenient polyurethane support, the method is micro-tranma,accuracy,safety and practical,the futuries are wide.


Big data, which refers to the data sets that are too big to be handled using the existing database management tools, are emerging in many important applications, such as Internet search, business informatics, social networks, social media, genomics, and meteorology. Big data presents a grand challenge for database and data analytics research. The exciting activities addressing the big data challenge. The central theme is to connect big data with people in various ways. Particularly, This paper will showcase our recent progress in user preference understanding, context-aware, on-demand data mining using crowd intelligence, summarization and explorative analysis of large data sets, and privacy preserving data sharing and analysis.The primary purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of different platforms available for performing big data analytics. This paper surveys different hardware platforms available for big data analytics and assesses the advantages and drawbacks of Big Data


Investigations are reported in a number of applications areas for high average power, nanosecond pulsed Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers operating at the fundamental wavelength of 1064nm. This includes cutting and polishing polycrystalline diamond and high-speed milling of industrial materials such as aluminium and steels. The results are investigated with regard to processing these materials at superior rates by comparison with conventional technologies. The effects of varying laser parameters are reported with respect to the inter-related phenomena of plasma formation, dimensional accuracy, material removal, dross formation and processed material properties.


There is something wrong, an architect meditating on current religion debates and human behaviors. This study will fill a big gap that will show its effects in the future in all religion debates, moreover, if its principles where applied then a huge relief to humanity will shine in the nearest future and for all generations to come. No co-authors, institutional or influencers' interventions Key Words: Religion Debates, Biblical faith, Limitations, Second Commandment, Atheism, Cremation, burial, King James DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-12-08 Publication date: June 30th 2020


Summarized in this report are the data collected through Environmental Monitoring programs conducted at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) by the Environmental Safety & Health (ES&H) Department. This report is published in response to DOE Order 5400.1. This report covers the period from December 21, 1991 through December 20, 1992 and details airborne and liquid effluents from the Chemical Processing Plant.


This paper discusses the association of cultural context and vocabulary, emphatically points out the restrictive function of cultural context in words connotation, the explanatory function of cultural context in words, and the importance of cultural context in vocabulary teaching, then analyses the influence of hidden culture in differences reflected in associative meaning of words. I t further explains cultural context exists everywhere, its universality establishes its absoluteness.


Abstract : The main activity of my research group is to build and develop the probabilistic pipeline. When solving problems with data, we take the following steps. 1. We make assumptions about our data, embedding it in a probability model containing hidden and observed random variables. 2. Given observations, we use inference algorithms to estimate the conditional distribution of the hidden variables. This is the central statistical and computational problem. 3. With the results of inference, we use our model to form predictions about the future, explore the data, or otherwise apply what we learned to solve a problem. 4. We criticize our model, understand where it went right and wrong, and repeat the process to revise it.


Introduction Qualitative Reasoning about physical processes has become very important in various applications involving modeling, design and simulation of devices. Many approachs to qualitative reasoning about physical processes have appeared in the literature of artificial intelligence (AI). Among them, we can cite Naive Physics [1], Qualitative Process Theory [2], Qualitative Physics based in Confluences [3] and Qualitative Simulation [4]. More recently, the Theory of Dimensional Analysis (TDA) has been applied as a supporting technique to Qualitative Reasoning about Physical Processes. The main works in this direction have been forwarded by Kokar [5], and in a much formal and systematic approach by Bhaskar and Nigam [6]. The intention of this short progress report is to give an account of a system, in development, which is being particularly designed to compute all the relevant informations to qualitative reasoning about physical processes through the intra and inter-regime analyses obtained from dimensional analysis [6].


Using supervector elds along a morphism of graded manifolds, we study both, the geometry of the tangent supermanifolds of an arbitrary order, and k{th order ordinary diierential su-perequations, in order to develop the higher order Lagrangian formalism of supermechanics. In particular, we obtain, in this formalism, a generalization of Noether's theorem and its converse.


With the gray correlation analysis method,this paper analyzes the correlation between economic growth and the seven factors in Sichuan Province including labor force,capital investment,technological progress,institutional development,human capital,industrial structure and foreign trade during 1994-2007 period.The results show that the institutional factor is the dominant factor to promote the economic growth in Sichuan Province.At the same,human capital also plays an important role in the economic growth,but the contribution of the amount of labor is small.


Earlier research on Socio-economic status (SES) and parenting during the mid 20th century abound. More recent works have begun to elucidate the role of SES in parenting styles. Despite the burgeoning research endeavours on SES and parenting styles, very few research have looked in to this direction in Africa, and most especially in Nigeria. Consequently, this study examines the effects of socio-economic status (SES) on the attitudes of parents towards child Rearing styles, in Lokoja Kogi State. A multi stage sampling technique was employed to elicit data from 283 respondents. The Cronbach's alpha of the Parent Style Questionnaire (PSQ) was .993. An independent samples t test result revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of parents with low SES and parents with high SES (all ps < .001 two-tailed) on all the 27 items. Based on the result of this study, the study recommends further research on the effects of SES on parenting styles.


Novels by Dongxi constantly demonstrate little consideration and repel to routine narration, whose narrative tactics are mainly shown as:choosing the way of narrating in accordance with content to make the organic integration of the two,paying attention to the choice and application of narrative view,choosing narrative focus and grasping adequately at narrative rhythm.Reflecting character's destiny in nature,fabricating the fantas- tic plot and accurately grasping the trifling matters of daily life,are connected successfully.


Advances in nonlinear optics, such as high-energy optical parametric process based on thick periodically poled Mg-doped LiNbO3 for infrared (IR) spectroscopies are discussed. Topics include ultrafast pulse treatments by use of IR-chirped pulse amplification.


The global shipping industry faces many uncertainties which impact on how organisations within this sector will perform in the future. Research in the critical success factors which impact the global shipping industry in the digital era is lacking. This study plugs the gap in the literature by identifying four key critical success factors which are innovation capability, risk governance capability, leadership and strategic capability, and technological capability. In addition, this study also found three organisational performance measures that are useful for senior management teams within the industry, namely, financial performance, operational performance and marketing performance. The results were then triangulated and validated by the case study method using a global shipping organisation. The findings establish a set of critical success factors and the corresponding relationships between the identified critical success factors and the identified organisational performance measures. The paper also provides managerial insights for industry practitioners for defining, prioritising and allocating resources in order to improve organisational performance.


Experimental measurements of the refraction encountered by 8.7 mm radiation in passage through the entire atmosphere have been made with an experimental radio sextant. The radio sextant tracks the sun continuously by means of the solar radiation at 8.7 mm wavelength, allowing accurate measurement of refraction. The refraction was found to be slightly larger than optical refraction.


Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Technological Progress and Long Run Economic Growth 3. Endogenous Growth: The Evolution of Technological Progress 4. Initial Conditions and Economic Development: The Malaysian Case 5. The Role of the State in the Development of the Manufacturing Sector 6. Structural Change, Labour Utilization and Economic Growth 7. Role of Manufacturing in Economic Growth: A Kaldorian Perspective 8. Human Capital Accumulation: Education Development in Malaysia 9. Effects of Human Capital and International Trade on Total Factor Productivity and Economic Growth 10. Summary of Findings and Discussions Appendices References Index


a partial or complete fracture of bone due to inability to withstand nonviolent stress that is applied in a rhythmic and repeated subthreshold manner.&dquo; Stress fractures were first described by German military surgeon Breithaupt in 1885,' and roentgenographic confirmation was first reported by Stechow19 in 1897, documenting metatarsal fractures in army recruits. Stress fractures of the patella in adult athletes have been reported in the medical literature, but no series has reported stress fractures of the patella in child athletes.9,1O A report by Kaye and Freiberger12 described fragmentation of the inferior patellar pole in seven children with


This chapter describes the different phases of information management. It explains why certain legal problems arise and which different regulatory approaches can be taken. Many EU and Member States' regulatory activities have centred around information and its many regulatory issues. However, the approach has been neither comprehensive nor structured and consequential. Rather, information management, particularly within the general administrative and administrative procedural law, gives the impression, if looked at in detail, of a patchwork of regulatory ideas and instruments widely apart from each other. Thus, the chapter concentrates on an overall view which allows us to understand why the approach to information management differs in various legal systems.


We evaluate the allowed $\beta^-$- decay properties of nuclei with $Z = 8 - 15$ systematically under the framework of the nuclear shell model with the use of the valence space Hamiltonians derived from modern $ab~initio$ methods, such as in-medium similarity renormalization group and coupled-cluster theory. For comparison we also show results obtained with the newly developed shell-model interactions from chiral effective field theory and phenomenological USDB interaction. In this work, we have tested predictive power of $ab~initio$ effective interactions by comparing calculated results with the experimental data for $\beta^{-}$ - decay properties of $sd$ shell nuclei. We have performed calculations for O $\rightarrow$ F, F $\rightarrow$ Ne, Ne $\rightarrow$ Na, Na $\rightarrow$ Mg, Mg $\rightarrow$ Al, Al $\rightarrow$ Si, Si $\rightarrow$ P and P $\rightarrow$ S transitions. Theoretical results of $B(GT)$, log$ft$ values and half-lives, are discussed and compared with the available experimental data. $Ab~initio$ calculations of $\beta$-decay properties are very limited for the $sd$ shell nuclei, thus present comprehensive study will add more information to it.


Of the 102 known chemical elements more than half of them have been shown or can be predicted to deposit in the skeleton to a significant extent. These elements fall into three categories: the natural constituents of the skeleton, the elements which are chemically similar, and those which have no physiological analogs and which are generally characterized by low solubility at the physiological range of pH. Fortunately not all of these fifty to sixty elements are of importance in the problem of radiotoxicity, for nuclear properties eliminate some of them. The long-lived radioactive isotopes Ra226 and Pu239, both of which decay by alpha -emission, have been extensively studied in beagle dogs. Ra226 is chemically similar to calcium, a major constituent of bone, while Pu239 has no physiological analog. The metabolism of the two isotopes following intravenous injection is compared from a chemical and a dosimetric point of view.


The article deals with issues related to the manifestation of the properties of synergy and emergence, potentially inherent in systems with the same or similar properties of components. These properties can be used to increase the accuracy of estimates of the frequency of signals in the system of simultaneously and independently functioning oscillators. It makes possible to increase the stability of the frequency of the generated signals. To implement these properties, simultaneous measurement of signal phase values at a number of time intervals with subsequent processing using the likelihood function can be used. It is shown that the manifestation of the synergistic property in a system of simultaneously and independently operating oscillators reduces the error in estimating random fluctuations in the frequency of oscillators. The manifestation of the emergence property allows you to exclude a constant frequency shift from the nominal value. The conditions for obtaining unbiased effective estimates of the frequency of each of the oscillators are formulated. It is noted that from a physical point of view, an increase in the accuracy of estimating the frequency of signals corresponds to multiple non-precision indirect measurements. The results of mathematical modeling are presented.


This study entitled "Charlie's Gender Performativity and Stereotype in Stephen Chbosky's The Perks of Being a Wallflower Novel". The study emphasized on analysis of performativity value represented by a male main character in The Perks of Being a Wallflower novel. The research methodology used in this study is the descriptive qualitative method by describing, interpreting, and analyzing the collected data to build an understanding of the gender performativity and stereotype value in the novel. To complete the study, the data were analyzed using Judith Butler's theory as the basic concept and frameworks. Based on the analysis, the content contains nine areas of the feminine characteristic; these are emotional, cries a lot, submissive, passive, not aggressive, dependent, easily hurt emotionally, sensitive to other's feeling and shy. Then the masculine stereotypes consist of less sensitive to other feeling, cruel, enjoy working on cars, plays sport, and men had to work. Through analyzing the novel, it can be concluded reflected from his personality Charlie's performs his gender more feminine.

Keyword: Gender Performativity, Judith Butler, Stereotype, the perks of being a wallflower


We have developed the intellectual software agent, which implements the evaluation algorithm of the enthalpy of formation of free radical on kinetics data which is based on hybrid knowledge base. Logical structure of knowledge base and the algorithm of intellectual software agent have been described. The results of numerical experiments on predicting the values of enthalpies of the formation of free radicals derived from acetals have been presented. We conducted the comparison of the calculated values of enthalpy of the radicals formation, derivatived from acetals, nitriles and nitro compounds with literary data. The comparison shows good agreement with the published data. Linear correlations have been constructed between the formation enthalpy of free radicals derived from a series of substituted acetals. The radical stabilization energy of substituted phenyl radicals has been calculated. It is shown that the conjugated system of π-electrons near the radical center destabilizes the radical, both for electron-donor substituents, and for electron-acceptor substituents.


This paper describes the results of investigation into the performance of suspension type insulators for HVDC transmission line under polluted condition. Shed profile plays a big role in determining DC withstand voltage value. The withstand voltage value for DC is lower than that for AC rms, and the higher the deposit density is, the smaller becomes the atio of the DC value to the AC.


There are many situations in teaching where classes in computer laboratories are problematic. Most of the time it happens due to bad hardware or software configuration and virus. To solve these problems the LabTEVE - Laboratory of Technologies for Virtual Teaching and Statistics - of the UFPB developed a Linux remaster named KLabTEVE for Statistics teaching. This remaster contains all software necessary for the Statistics classes. All content is free and can be used directly from the KLabTEVE CD without any previous installation. This feature guarantees that all configurations will be perfect in any computer and that the programs necessary to the classes and homework will be available. To verify the effective utility of the KLabTEVE were carried out two surveys during the school semester. These surveys demonstrated that the students welcome this kind of innovation and the necessity of adaptation of high education to new technologies.


Taking two types of artificial intelligence theories of symbol doctrine and connecting machines as the guidelines,it is the basic technology to regard the neural network as the front processor which controls the expert system.The structure of the hierarchical ICS based on the neural network and expert system is proposed.


The vast majority of the undergraduates we teach will not become professional scholars, but all will be educated citizens with a responsibility to put their knowledge and abilities to use for the common good. Our work with them, then, is not only about exposing them to the critical methods and modes of thinking that are central to knowledge-making in our fields, but also about helping them to map humanist questions and approaches onto an always complex and changing world. Wikipedia (http://ww...


This article researches on the connotation and meaning of honesty and credit system construction of Information service institutions,makes analysis on current status of information service and information commodity,and puts forward measures and suggestions on how to standardize honest management of Information service institutions.


The mobile attendance systems are used to reduce the time and effort wasted in taking attendance in the colleges. Our research focuses on the creating mobile attendance system using Android studio and database to avoid lots of paper work and prevent data loss. This system applies QR code for each subject, so each faculty member shows the QR code to the students to scan it and make them self-present. The other option is that the faculty member takes attendance by calling the name of the students in class. If the student attends, the faculty member will pull the button ant it will change to green (the student is presence), if the student absent the button remain the same without pulling it. Faculty members can manage and check absences of students. Student can only make attendance for each subject and check their absence hours. The output will be the number of students' absences weekly or monthly. The developed system helps faculty members to mange attendance easily and efficiently. Keywords-Mobile App; Android; Attendance; QR code; Faculty.


The present research work had as objective to determine the effect of Vaccinium corymbosum L on the coronalantoidea membrane of Gallus gallus domesticus, using experimental research, with increasing stimulation. 3 mL of albumin were extracted into 70 embryonated eggs of Gallus gallus domesticus, which were then taken to the incubator for 7 days, at the end of which they were discarded that no blood vessels were developed, the remainder were distributed in 5 groups of 5. A 5 μl ultra pure water (White group), 5 μl captopril (standard group), and 2.5 μl; 5 and 7.5 μL of Vaccinium corymbosum L. juice at a concentration of 20 mg / mL. Subsequently, an incubation was performed for three more days, according to the procedure. On the 12th day, the pellet was removed and the pellets were removed to observe the chorioallantoic membrane through a stereoscope and the quantification of the respective blood vessels. The results obtained were statistically processed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey's test, with a 95% confidence interval using statistical analysis SPSS version 21, comparing all the data of the groups with each other, in addition to the analysis with the Boxplot chart. A p = 0.000 of a p <0.05 was obtained by which it is inferred that it has an influence of the treatments on the antiangiogenic potency, by means of the test of Tukey was established in the group of 2.5 and 7.5 μL of juice Vaccinium corymbosum L. at a concentration of 20 mg / mL had the same antiangiogenic potency as captopril (standard) and in 5 μL had an antiangiogenic effect on the chorioallantoic membrane. It is concluded that the juice of Vaccinium corymbosum L. (cranberry) at a concentration of 20 mg / mL.has an antiangiogenic effect on the chorioallantoic membrane of Gallus gallus domesticus, and that the volumes of 2.5 and 7.5 presented higher antiangiogenic potency on the chorioallantoic membrane of Gallus gallus domesticus


Summary Until the mid-twentieth century, paper was the dominant medium for recording, transmitting and storing information. However, storage of information is now nearly 100% in digital format with only a miniscule 0.003% of the world's information being produced as print on paper. Because digital information is being produced so much more rapidly than other forms, libraries of the future will inevitably be libraries of digital content. A significant change has taken place. The preservation of information in digital format is emerging as a key concern of organizations including libraries. After a decade of discussion, the major libraries in the technologically advanced regions of the world are moving to establish policies, a technological infrastructure, and operational programmes in digital preservation. Many of these initiatives are cross-sectorial partnerships between libraries, archives, universities and business. Readers of The Paper Conservator are one group who has the background and orientation to comprehend how digital information may be preserved. To be key players, however, they need to understand its dynamics and difficulties. With the intention of building a shared commitment to action, this paper identifies and defines the key issues facing libraries and creates a shared awareness of trends and activities. Readers are also challenged to identify gaps, come forward with examples of digital preservation in practice, and identify opportunities for action.


This book tries to summarize investigation about natural products and non-nucleoside compounds with the ability to inhibit enzymes that play a crucial role in DNA metabolism such as replication, transcription, retro-transcription, recombination, and chromosome segregation during mitosis. The focus is placed on DNA polymerases, topoisomerases and reverse transcriptase inhibitors because most of the literature emphasized on the inhibitory action of these compounds. A great diversity of chemical compounds encompassing triterpenes, flavonoids, chromones, lipids, iridoids, phytosterols, coumarins, anthracyclines, quinones, protoberberines, tannins, lignans, acetogenins, benzimidazoles and other natural products, which are produced by organism species, have inhibitory activities against enzymes related to DNA metabolism allowing that these enzymes surge as important molecular targets for cancer and AIDS research.


Guided waves propagating in a homogeneous plate are known to be sensitive to both temperature changes and applied stress variations. Here we consider the inverse problem of recovering homogeneous biaxial stresses from measured changes in phase velocity at multiple propagation directions using a single mode at a specific frequency. Although there is no closed form solution relating phase velocity changes to applied stresses, prior results indicate that phase velocity changes can be closely approximated by a sinusoidal function with respect to angle of propagation. Here it is shown that all sinusoidal coefficients can be estimated from a single uniaxial loading experiment. The general biaxial inverse problem can thus be solved by fitting an appropriate sinusoid to measured phase velocity changes versus propagation angle, and relating the coefficients to the unknown stresses. The phase velocity data are obtained from direct arrivals between guided wave transducers whose direct paths of propagation are oriented at different angles. This method is applied and verified using sparse array data recorded during a fatigue test. The additional complication of the resulting fatigue cracks interfering with some of the direct arrivals is addressed via proper selection of transducer pairs. Results show that applied stresses can be successfully recovered from the measured changes in guided wave signals.


Extreme ultraviolet–visible double resonance excitation has been employed to populate the EF 1Σ+g, GK 1Σ+g, H 1Σ+g, I 1Πg, and J 1Δg states of hydrogen molecules in the range between 111 500 and 114 000 cm−1. Tunable coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation prepared H2 in the B 1Σ+u (v=5, J) state. The visible laser radiation subsequently brought H2 to higher gerade states. Term values were determined for the J'=0–4 levels, which confirmed the systematic error of 8.01±0.03 cm−1 in the previous analysis by Dieke. The single rovibronic fluorescence lifetimes were measured under a collision‐free condition. The fluorescence lifetimes of the I 1Πg(v' = 0) and J 1Δg(v' = 0) states, ∼20 and 25 ns, respectively, were found to depend little on the rotational levels. The EF 1Σ+g, GK 1Σ+g, and H 1Σ+g states, on the other hand, exhibited significant rotational dependence. The nonadiabatic coupling among the upper gerade manifolds explained the observed rotational dependence successfully.


A comparative study of chloroplast morphogenesis in seedlings of some conifers (Larix decidua, Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies) En jumforande studie av /zloroplastmorfogenesen i groddplantor av nigra barrtrudsarter Abstract ODC 164.5: 174.7-016.4 Seedlings o f 1arcl1, pine and spruce were grolvn in durlcness and some o f them were later illuminated for 24 or 48 hours. Chloroplast differentiation in cotyledons o f these seedlings was investigated b y electron nzicroscopy. Iiz the larch the dark-formed chloroplasts lzave inzmature lamellar systems with minute grana formed by 2-3 thylakoids. In the pine the diameters o f the grana are much larger but they are still formed by only 2-4 thylakoids. Corresponding spruce chloroplasts have advanced larnellnr syAtems with large grana containing up to about 10 thylakoids. Chloroplasts o f larch and pine have a few large prolamellar bodies with a more or less narrow spacing o f their structural units, while spruce cldoroplusfs lzave nzuny snzall prolan~ellar bodies with narrow or wide spacing or a combination o f both. All three species have large starch grains in their chloroplasts. A f t e r 48 hours of illumination the conifer seedlings possess mature clzloroplasts wirh many prominent grana. Prolamellar bodies are only found in a small fraction o f tlze larch clzloroplasts. Chloroplast starch grains are common in the spruce, but rare or absent in the other two species.


In 2016, Roger McNamee, a longtime tech insider and venture capitalist, began to notice something unusual happening on Facebook. He observed a rise in viral images and other fearand anger-based content coming from political-oriented Facebook groups. His hunch was that "bad actors were exploiting Facebook's architecture and business model to inflict harm on innocent people" (p. 5). As a onetime mentor to Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg, McNamee felt he had to do something. Shortly before the 2016 U.S. election, McNamee reached out to Zuckerberg (whom he had advised not to sell Facebook back in 2006) and to COO Sheryl Sandberg (whom McNamee had suggested for the job) to alert them to his observations. Zucked: Waking Up to the Facebook Catastrophe tells the story of McNamee's efforts to convince Facebook to change tactics regarding some key aspects of its platform to be more socially responsible, and his subsequent, unlikely journey into anti-Facebook activism when his concerns went unanswered among Facebook's executives. A tech advocate, McNamee likens himself to Jimmy Stewart's character in the classic 1954 film Rear Window, unwittingly drawn into taking an active role in an ongoing crisis.


The polarization of the spin current pumped by a precessing ferromagnet into an adjacent normal metal has a constant component parallel to the precession axis and a rotating one normal to the magnetization. The former component is now routinely detected in the form of a DC voltage induced by the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE). Here we compute AC-ISHE voltages much larger than the DC signals for various material combinations and discuss optimal conditions to observe the effect. Including the backflow of spins is essential for distilling parameters such as the spin Hall angle from ISHE-detected spin pumping experiments.


Scalability and precision are important in several senses: Questions of how to measure a(-ny) given economic phenomenon at its associated appropriate "scale" (e.g. micro versus macro, or time scale), as well as constructively pointing out how to develop quantified descriptions of uncertainties of specific measures, and other relevant questions should be able to be handled within such a visionary framework. The framework should also enable economic theorists (to be challenged) to define their concepts sufficiently precisely (within the framework) for falsification to be conceivably within reach of empirically working economists.


The data on the quality and quantity characteristic of the pollen spectrum in the air of Petrozavodsk, situated in the taiga zone, have been obtained for the first time. Seasonal dynamics of pollen content of different taxa was described. Pollen of the such taxa as Betula, Pinus, Poaceae, Urtica, Artemisia makes 81,59% of the pollen spectrum. The investigation have shown that allergenic pollen of trees predominates in the pollen spectrum.


The conventional diesel combustion process can be classified into four major phases: ignition delay, premixed combustion, mixing controlled combustion, and the late burning phase . During the premixed combustion phase, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, the precursors of soot, are quickly formed in the hot (1600– 2000 K), fuel-rich combustion regions. Soot formation follows, filling the entire downstream jet crosssection. Near the peak heat release rate of premixed combustion, a diffusion flame forms in the periphery of the fuel-rich, high-temperature downstream regions of the jet. NOx emission forms in the hot (1800– 2000 K) and near-stoichiometric mixtures in the periphery of the jet near the diffusion flame. So the conventional combustion phase regime encompasses both NOx and soot islands, as shown in Figure 1. This is not preferable while considering the more and more stringent emission regulations. Therefore, advanced combustion modes that could eliminate or avoid the fuel-rich and high-temperature environment are needed.


This 62-year-old female patient case study describes physiotherapy rehabilitation exercises of stage 4 osteoarthritis in the post-operative phase. The patient has pain, symptoms, decreased adl activities and decreased quality of life (study measures completely done by Koos scale). Following surgical managed total knee replacement patient gets better with her symptomatically level and this study tells the importance of replacing knee joint in time as suggested by an orthopaedic surgeon, else there would be a marked functional outcome limitation of the patient. It also emphasis on the importance of physiotherapy and maintaining the operative knee joint in long term care.


Objective To explore the clinic effect of arthroscopic in the treatment of Haglund deformity.Methods Sixteen patients with Haglund deformity were treated with arthroscopy from June 2009 to December 2011,including 7 males and 9 females,with an average age of 28.8 years (range,17-39 years).All 16 patients were suffered ankle back pain,exacerbations of pain during active and passive plantar flexion.This group of patients was chosen arthroscopic surgery to treat Haglund deformity as conservative treatment was invalid.With the prone position for surgery,we selected two approaches next to the Achilles tendon.Use the C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy observed calcaneus orthopedic during the operation.From the posteromedial approach to the posterolateral approach to alternately use the shaver and ArthroCare to clean up the front of the inflammation of the Achilles tendon bursa,by which could form arthroscopic operations "security zone".All operating equipment was on the back toward the Achilles tendon,which could maximize the protection Achilles tendon.Postoperative plaster or brace short brake was used for two weeks.16 cases of postoperative patients were followed up; the mean follow-up time was 13 months (9-18 months).According pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle (AOFAS),the clinic effects were evaluated.Results At the last follow-up,the AOFAS hindfoot score of 91.5±2.8 was significantly higher than the preoperative 71.0±3.7 (t=17.38,P=0.014),postoperative VAS score 1.3±0.6 was significantly lower than the preoperative 5.10±0.44 (t=19.20,P=0.022).Conclusion The treatment of Haglund deformity by means of arthroscopic minimally invasive,with smaller trauma,faster recovery and lower complications,is effective and safe in clinical practice.However,dues to its steep learning curve,this method requires doctors to carry out who had relatively large arthroscopic surgery experience.

Key words:
Ankle joint;  Abnormalities;  Arthroscopy


Abstract A method of calculation is presented for the yield of an electron excitation process by a channelled particle in a single encounter with an atomic row or plane in a crystal. It is shown that, if ψ is the initial angle between the ion trajectory and the row or plane, the number of inner-shell electrons excited is an increasing function of ψ whereas the number of outer electrons excited may decrease with increasing ψ.


Novel ceramic compositions can be produced from carefully chosen, modified, and processed zeolites. The use of zeolites as precursors for leucite-pollucite glass ceramics having adjustable thermal-expansion behavior is described. The facile sintering properties of the zeolite-derived precursors allow production of these high-temperature materials at several hundred degrees below the solidus temperatures. A representative leucite-pollucite ceramic was studied by high temperature x-ray powder diffraction and synchrotron powder diffraction to determine the nature of the crystal structure and its relationship to the leucite and pollucite end members of the family.


The right hand side of Bell inequalities don't depend on a form of any two‐particle spin state. In the case of the generalized Bell‐Clauser‐Horne‐Schimony‐Holt inequalities the right hand side depend on a form of concrete two‐particle state. The left hand sides of these inequalities depend on four arbitrary vectors defined in three‐dimensional space. They define directions on which spins of particles forming a correlated pair are projected. Our aim is to find such vectors that left‐hand side of the inequality should takes its maximum value. In other words on these vectors the inequality transforms into equality. It is shown that it can be done with the help of special reduction of density matrix of two‐state spin state.


The dental structure substituted by restorative materials may produce discomfort resulting from hot or cold stimuli. To investigate the effects of this stimuli on the human teeth, thermal analysis was carried out by calculation of general heat conduction equation in a modeled tooth using numerical method. The method has been applied to axisymmetric and two-dimensional model, analyzing the effects of constant temperature . That thermal shock was provided for 2 seconds and 4 seconds, respectively and recovered to normal condition of until 10 seconds. The thermal behavior of tooth covered with a crown of gold or stainless steel was compared with that of tooth without crown. At the same time, the effects of restorative materials(amalgam, gold and zinc oxide-eugenol(ZOE)) on the temperature of PDJ(pulpo-dentinal junction) has been studied. The geometry used for thermal analysis so far has been limited to two-dimensional as well as axisymmetric tooth models. But the general restorative tooth forms a cross shaped cavity which is no longer two-dimensional and axisymmetric. Therefore, in this study, the three-dimensional model was developed to investigate the effect of shape and size of cavity. This three-dimensional model might be used for further research to investigate the effects of restorative materials and cavity design on the thermal behavior of the real shaped tooth. The results were as follows; 1. When cold temperature of was applied to the surface of the restored teeth with amalgam for 2 seconds and recovered to ambient temperature of , the PDJ temperature decreased rapidly to until 3 seconds and reached to after 9 seconds. This temperature decreased rather slowly with stainless steel crown, but kept similar temperature within differences. Using the gold as a restorative material, the PDJ temperature decreased very fast due to the high thermal conductivity and reached near to but the temperature after 9 seconds was similar to that in the teeth without crown. The effects of coldness could be attenuated with the ZOE situated under the cavity. The low thermal conductivity caused a delay in temperature decrease and keeps higher than the temperature of other conditions after 9 seconds. 2. The elapse time of cold stimuli was increased also until 4 seconds and recovered to after 4 seconds to 9 seconds. The temperature after 9 seconds was about lower than the temperature of 2 seconds stimuli, but in case of gold restoration, the high thermal conductivity of gold caused the minimum temperature of after 5 seconds and got warm to after 9 seconds. 3. The effects of hot stimuli was also investigated with the temperature of . For 2 seconds stimuli, the temperature increased to from the initial temperature of after 3 seconds of stimuli and decreased to after 9 seconds in the teeth without crown. This temperature was sensitive to surface temperature in the teeth with gold restoration. It increased rapidly to from the initial temperature of after 2 seconds and decreased to after 9 seconds, which showed temperature variations for 9 seconds upon the surface temperature. This temperature variations were only in the range of by using ZOE in the bottom of cavity and showed maximum temperature of after 3 seconds of stimuli.


To solve the problem that the existing effective width formula of the equivalent strut mode does not apply to steel frame structure with light enclosure wall panels,in this paper,re-fitting the effective width formula of the equivalent strut model for steel frame structure with light enclosure wall panels is obtained by parameter analysis method.Considering the key parameters influencing lateral stiffness of steel frame with light enclosure wall panels on the applicability of formula,the validity of the formula was proved by using the test data in the literature.The results show that the fitted formula are applicable in different cross-height ratio,axial load ratio,wallboard thickness and wallboard holes.In different width wallboard,it can be multiplied by the width coefficient KB to regulate the influence of the formula by panel width.