Epithelial tissues sheath many organs, separating 'outside' from 'inside' and exquisitely regulating ion and water transport electromechanically to maintain homeostatic balance and tissue hydrostatic pressure. While it is increasingly clear that the ionic microenvironment and external electric stimuli can affect epithelial function and behavior, the coupling between electrical perturbation and tissue form remain unclear. We investigated this by combining electrical stimulation with three-dimensional epithelial tissues with hollow 'lumens'—both kidney cysts and complex intestinal stem cell organoids. Our core finding is that physiological strength electrical stimulation of order 1-3 V/cm (with both direct and alternating currents) can drive powerful and rapid inflation of hollow tissues through a process we call 'electro-inflation', inducing up to a threefold increase in tissue volume and striking asymmetries in tissue form. Electro-inflation is primarily driven by field-induced ion crowding on the outer surface of the hollow tissue that creates an ion gradient across the epithelial shell, which drives increased ionic flux mediated by ion channels/transporters and subsequent osmotic water flow into the lumen. This influx generates hydrostatic pressure, and inflation results from a competition between this pressure and cell cytoskeletal tension. We validated these interpretations with computational models connecting ion crowding around tissues to tissue mechanics. Electrically stimulated cysts and organoids also exhibited pronounced asymmetry, where the epithelial shell thickened on the cathode-facing side and thinned on the anode-facing side of the tissue. We discovered that this process is the result of 3D electrotaxis–directed migration of cells in an electric field–causing a redistribution of cells around the shell. The ability of electrical cues to dramatically regulate tissue size and shape highlight the key role of the electrical micro-environment and the potential offered by manipulating these signals.


Russian and Chinese have each developed a dietary habit characterized by its own enriched nationality and diversity.The difference leads each nation to form a food culture with its national characteristics,and thus becomes one of the most important factors to have different effects in cross-cultural communication.It is essential to discern the differences between Russian and Chinese food cultures,which helps understand the profound cultural connotation,probe into the cultural heritages in each country,and further facilitate the communication,complementing and compatibility between the two cultures.


Contents: Introduction: Modernism in the air Arnold over Britain? John Reith and broadcasting morality Common talkers: the Bloomsbury group and the aestheticist ethics of broadcasting A natural selection: H.G. Wells and a Huxleyan ethics of communications Talks toward a definition of morality: T.S. Eliot and the consecration of broadcasting Conclusion Works cited Index.


This paper presents the treatment of Acid green V by an electrochemical oxidation using Ti/RuO2 IrO2 TiO2 as anode and cathode and NaCl as supporting electrolyte in a tubular flow reactor under continuous single pass process. During the electrolysis, COD reduction, color removal, and energy consumption were investigated under different flow rates and current densities. The experimental results showed that at 10 l/h flow rate and 2.5 A/dm 2 current density for an initial COD 960 mg/l (3000ppm), COD reduction, color removal and power consumption were found to be 87.5%,100% and 3.2545 kWh/kg COD respectively. At the same flow rate and current density for an initial COD 480 mg/l (1500ppm), COD reduction, color removal and power consumption were found to be 100 %,100% and 6.0417 kWh/kg COD respectively.


This paper addressed the prediction of heart sicknesses from hazard elements through a decision-making tree. We introduced the facts mining technique in public fitness to extract high-degree knowledge from raw data, which facilitates predicting heart diseases from risk factors and their prevention. The existing work intends to introduce a new risk element in heart diseases using novel data mining strategies. Latest actual international affected person's information (e.g., smoking, area of residence, age, weight, blood stress, chest pain, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), block arteries became accrued by way of the use of questionnaire through direct interview technique from patients. Novel two-variable decision trees are constructed for coronary heart illness records primarily based on chance factors and ranking of risk elements. The results show a correct prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from the risk factor if records on chance factors are available as direct results of this study, tobacco, loss of physical exercise, and weight-reduction plan play a vital role in predicting heart diseases, which is the most important reason for mortality in developing countries, especially in my country.


This study proposes proper forms of empirical formulas for the concentration time and storage coefficient based on their theoretical backgrounds and evaluates several existing empirical formulas by comparing them with the formula proposed in this study. Additionally, empirical formulas for the concentration time and storage coefficient of the Chungju Dam basin were derived using the forms proposed by considering their theoretical backgrounds, and compared with exiting empirical formulas. The results derived are summarized as follows. (1) The concentration time of a basin is proportional to the square of the main channel length, but inversely proportional to the channel slope, as the flood flow is generally turbulent. (2) The storage coefficient is proportional to the concentration time. (3) The comparison results with existing empirical formulas for the concentration time indicates that the empirical formulas like the Kirpich, Kraven (I), Kraven (II), California DoT, Kerby, SCS, and Morgali & Linsley are in line with the form proposed in this study. Among existing empirical formulas for the storage coefficient, the Clak, Russell, Sabol and Jung are found to be well matched to this study. (4) The application results to Chungju Dam basin indicates that among empirical formulas for the concentration time, the Jung, Yoon, Kraven (I), and Kraven (II) show relatively similar results to the observed in this study, but the Rziha shows abnormal results. Among the empirical formulas for the storage coefficient, the Yoon and Hong, Jung, Lee, and Yoon show somewhat reasonable results, but the Sabol shows abnormal results. In conclusion, the empirical formulas for the concentration time and storage coefficient developed in Korea are found to reflect the basin characteristics of Korea better.


The hover and tight maneuvering regime of an underwater vehicle is difficult to characterize hydrodynamically. Characterization in a reliable model is necessary for successful control of the vehicle during task performance. A 1-dimensional system identification procedure for this regime is described. The experimental set up is simple and noncritical. The analysis is performed by minimizing the error between the trajectories of the vehicle and several numerical models during a free decay. Minimization is controlled by the Nelder-Meade simplex algorithm. Agreement with the work of other researchers is strong. The procedure is flexible and may be extended to coupled models with 4 degrees of freedom.<<ETX>>


Vibration-based energy harvesting using a disk-type piezoelectric bimorph with thickness poled circular piezoelectric laminates is explored theoretically and experimentally. The bimorph disk consists of two circular laminates electrically connected in series and shunted through the outer surface electrodes to an electrical load for characterizing the power output and piezoelectrically shunted vibration in response to base excitation. The bimorph disk with free edge conditions is mounted to the vibrating base from its center and the focus is placed on the fundamental axisymmetric vibration mode. Electromechanical coupling is introduced to the distributed-parameter model of the thin circular plate and a resistive load is considered across the electrodes. Following a modal analysis-based electroelastic solution, closed-form expressions are obtained for the voltage output and shunted vibration frequency response functions by accounting for the two-way coupling in the presence of a finite electrical load impedance. Experimental validations of the electroelastic model are given for two separate bimorph disks of different diameters.


Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the various indicators of marine waste management and its adaptability to the tourism industry in Semporna District, Sabah. Marine waste management was identified as a serious concern in Semporna, specifically the increase in general and hazardous waste and the lack of waste reduction activities. Selected waste management indicators can help to support information‐based decision making in many levels of tourism planning and management.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a critical review of previous studies. It provides a theoretical understanding for readers to recognize the indicators used in marine waste management in the context of managing the environment in tourism destinations.Findings – This paper provides an overview of the environmental indicators widely used in waste management of marine and island destinations and identifies indicators with potential for application in Semporna and islands off the coast of Semporna.Practical implications – T...


Abstract Although the immune functions of insects are known to correlate with body condition and food resources, the association between habitat structure and immune function is still largely unknown. We studied the effects of forest clear-cutting on encapsulation rate in gynes and workers in the forest-dwelling ant Formica aquilonia. Forest logging resulted in disturbed immunity in workers and gynes. Logging enhanced encapsulation reaction in gynes, whereas decreased that of workers. In gynes, there was a likely trade-off between growth and immune function that was apparent in terms of different investment in size and immune function in different habitats. In workers, however, such associations were not found. The results indicate that, because of disturbed immunity, environmental stress may increase susceptibility of wood ants to diseases and parasites in disturbed habitats.


This research explores early years practitioners? knowledge and ability to recognise the signs of autism and provide appropriate support. It was carried out using semi-structured interviews with six UK-based early years practitioners who have worked with children with autism. The findings highlighted that early years practitioners are aware of autism but have a limited understanding of the early signs of the condition. Furthermore, there are inconsistencies in training and collaboration in early years settings. All these factors influence whether the practitioners are able to recognise the early signs of autism and provide appropriate support. This study highlights the need to address the issue of training provided to early years practitioners.


In visible light communications (VLC) and visible light positioning (VLP), it is essential to obtain accurate estimates of the channel gains between receiver and multiple light sources. When there are multiple transmitters, time-division multiple access (TDMA) is typically used in the channel estimation phase of radio frequency systems. However, the estimation performance of TDMA-based schemes in VLC and VLP systems is substantially impacted by the maximum power constraint and desired average power constraint that are unique to visible light systems. Under these constraints, this paper explores coding schemes for the simultaneous channel gain estimations of multiple light sources such that the total and maximum noise variances of the channel estimates by the receiver are minimized. Although the minimization problem is non-convex, criteria for optimal codes are found by using majorization theory. Coding scheme satisfying these criteria is proposed that helps to characterize the fundamental tradeoff between noise variance and codeword length.


This paper presents a methodology to estimate iceberg impact loading, as well as analyses and design of exterior walls of the Hebron Gravity Based Structure (GBS) to resist the 10,000-year return period iceberg impact loading. The iceberg impact load on the GBS was calculated using a probabilistic analysis including Type II uncertainty analysis with a logic tree. When subjected to the 10,000-year iceberg impact, the Hebron GBS is designed to be highly utilized, that is, the concrete and rebar are stressed to their specified strength (consistent with the Accidental Limit State check). This was done by allowing internal redistribution of elastic forces by using Non-Linear Finite Element Analyses (NLFEA), which resulted in an optimized reinforcement design, safer construction and reduced overall cost of the GBS structure.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a powdery thickener that is uniformly mixed with concrete even when the powder is added as it is by mixing a powdery cellulose ether thickener with boric acid or at least one of carboxylic acids. SOLUTION: Boric acid or a carboxylic acid is added by >=0.1 wt.% to a powdery cellulose ether thickener preferably surface-treated with glyoxal. Citric acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid or succinic acid may be used as the carboxylic acid. The cellulose ether is hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or hydroxyethylmethylcellulose. A concrete fluidizing agent such as melaminesulfonic acid may further be added to the thickener-acid mixture in a thickener to fluidizing agent ratio of(2:1) to (1:5).


The situation of power consumption of each stage during injection filling process based on hydraulic vibration injection molding machine was investigated.Mathematical and physical models of the melt which crossed through the screw and nozzle to the disc cavity which finally overflowed under the influence of the vibration force field were established.Based on the models,the analytic equations of the power consumption during the three processes were gained.It was proved by experiments that the injection power consumption was reduced due to the introduction of the dynamic vibration in the molding.The rules of this decrease were also researched.


OBJECTIVES
To assess patients with and without TMD Infrared Thermography (IRT) according to the differences in thermal radiance using quantitative sensitivity and specificity tests; and to evaluate the thermal asymmetry and the correlation of the thermal intensity with the intensity of pain upon palpation.

METHODS
This cross-sectional study performed a quantitative evaluation of clinical and thermographic examinations. The volunteers were evaluated for the presence of TMD using RDC / TMD (Diagnostic Research Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders), and were divided into two groups: TMD Group (n = 45); Control Group (n = 41), composed of volunteers without TMD, according to the Index Fonseca Anamnestic (FAI). The images were assessed for selected regions of interest (ROI) for the masseter, anterior temporal and TMJ muscles. The mean values of the areas of both groups were compared under the ROC curve (receiver-operating characteristic). Spearman correlation analysis (nonparametric data) between pain level and mean temperature, by region, and the Pearson's chi-square test was used to verify the association between the presence of temperature and pain asymmetry. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS
Both Groups, with and without TMD, presented with absolute and non-dimensional mean temperature without statistical differences (p>0.05). When correlating temperature with intensity of pain upon palpation, a negative correlation was observed for the masseter muscle.

CONCLUSION
Infrared Thermography resulted in low AUC, making it difficult to differentiate TMD via thermographic analysis. The intensity of pain upon palpation in patients with TMD may be accompanied by a decrease in local temperature.


Traditional puddled transplanting (PT) can successfully be replaced by strip-tilled non-puddled transplanting (STNT) because it saves energy, fuel, labour and cost of cultivation (Haque et al., 2016; Islam et al., 2012). Moreover, STNT provides better rice yield than the conventional PT (Haque et al., 2016). But heavy weed infestation can cause a significant yield loss in STNT (Zahan et al., 2014). While conservation agriculture (CA) systems highly relies on herbicide for controlling weeds (Muoni et al., 2014), this study was undertaken to find out the effective herbicidal weed control for strip-tilled non-puddled transplanted aman rice that can ensure the optimum grain yield.


The adsorption of bilirubin from aqueous phosphate buffer solutions (pH = 7.8) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) by polyacrylamide resins, with pendants consisting of the oligopeptides (Arg)5(Ala)3-, (Arg)2(Ala)3-, (Lys)5(Ala)3-, His(Arg)2(Ala)3-, has been studied at 0 degrees C under N2. The ability of the oligopeptide-resins to retain adsorbed bilirubin in the presence of BSA follows the order (Arg)5(Ala)3- greater than (Arg)2(Ala)3- greater than (Lys)5(Ala)3- = His(Arg)2(Ala)3-resin. The (Arg)5(Ala)3-resin is able to abstract the second bilirubin on the albumin assuming that BSA binds two bilirubin molecules strongly.


Heritability, genetic variation coefficient and genetic correlation of 7 fruit characters of 19 varieties of pickling cucumber were studied. The results showed that heritabilities of the total soluble sugar, fruit length and fruit thickness were high, and those can be selected effectively by the method of selecting single plant at earlier generations. The variable coefficients of the total soluble sugar, fruit length and fruit fresh weight were high. It means that selecting potentiality on those characters is high. Based on the genetic correlation between characters, fruit fresh weight and fruit dry weight can be selected by selecting fruit length indirectly, total protein can also be done indirectly by selecting fruit thickness.


ABSTRACT To address the problem of limited opportunities for practicing second language speaking in interaction, especially delicate interactions requiring pragmatic competence, we describe computer simulations designed for the oral practice of extended pragmatic routines and report on the affordances of such simulations for learning pragmatically appropriate communication. Twelve highly proficient learners of English completed six simulated conversations focused on making requests in academic contexts. Evidence of learning was examined microgenetically by comparing data across the simulated conversations and triangulated by written reflections, surveys, and interviews. Results showed that participants gained content and linguistic forms from expert speaker models, and their interactions in scenario-based simulations indicated greater pragmatic awareness and changes in oral production over time. The majority of participants viewed the program positively, commenting on features such as its authenticity and predictive accuracy.


The article provides an overview of the creative path of Lesya Ukrainka in the reception of researchers of the Ukrainian diaspora R. Zadesnyansky and L. Biletsky. Writers consider the legacy of Lesya Ukrainka in terms of the socio-political sentiments of the time, what influence they had on the creativity of the poet. The special attention of R. Zadesnyansky and L. Beletsky to the early works of the poetess is noted, their attitude to the critical reviews of other researchers on the early works of Lesya Ukrainka is highlighted. Lesia Ukrainka, even in her youth, was imbued with the ideas of socialism, the sentimental, democratic views of her contemporaries, including her uncle M. Drahomanov, on peace and life. According to the words of the writer, the language of the poem "Русалка" reflects the sentimental coloring inherent in the old teachers of Lesya Ukrainka. The evolution of her ideological positions is indicated – from romantic sentimental motives in the first works to the ideas of the national struggle that sound in the works of the next stages. Emphasized on the singling out of poetry "У чорную хмару зібралася туга моя" by both writers as a turning point in the work of the poetess. They also consider the poem "Віла-посестра" to be one of the best works about form, style, language. R. Zadesnianskyi emphasizes that Lesia Ukrainka knew the Ukrainian folk and literary language perfectly. In the poem, she skillfully used the style of Serbian thoughts, Serbian beliefs, customs to express her own ideas and views. Researchers consider Lesya Ukrainka a phenomenon in Ukrainian literature. She brought Ukrainian literature into the vastness of world literature.


ARE PRESENTED compounds represented by the general formula (I) wherein R1 is a radical HYDROCARBON straight- or branched, saturated or unsaturated [in which the number of carbon atoms in the chain longest straight THIS hydrocarbon radical RANGING FROM 3 and 7], or a radical of the formula - (CH2) NY [wherein n is an integer between 0 and 4, when Y is a radical, cyclohexyl ON is an integer between 2 and 4, when Y is a RADICAL alkoxide lower than having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a radical phenyl], and R2 is a hydrogen atom or an easily hydrolyzable RADICAL under physiological conditions, ALSO THE hydrates or solvates ARE PRESENTED THE COMPOUNDS OF THE FORMULA GENERAL (I), WHICH MAY BE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF TUMORS. The compounds can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula R1-OCOCl WITH 5 '' - deoxy-5-fluorocytidine NOT REPLACED IN N4 of the above formula (I), wherein R2 MAY RISE FOR GROUPS OF PROTECTION, AND IF NECESSARY ELIMINATE protection groups.


There is growing recognition of the importance of energy metabolism in the cardiovascular system, and that disturbances therein are at the basis of causing cardiac disease. Specifically, chronic fuel shifts towards a single type of substrate are known to induce cardiac dysfunction. For instance, lipid overload due to Western life style or obesity eventually elicits diabetic cardiomyopathy, while excess glucose utilization is associated with hypertrophic heart failure (and vice versa). Therefore, interventions aimed at re‐balancing a tilted substrate preference toward an appropriate mix of substrates (in particular fatty acids and glucose) may result in restoration of cardiac contractile performance. Because the key‐governing kinetic step of substrate utilization is their sarcolemmal transport, we hypothesize that manipulating their recruitment to the sarcolemma is an effective approach to mend the failing heart.


Henry Venn, the CMS honorary secretary between 1841 and 1872, is rightly regarded as the great exponent of self-supporting, self-propagating, and self-governing churches. I have argued elsehwere that his principles took many years to assume their final shape and that, when they did, they contained what was regarded as an ecclesiological anomaly—that there should be separate bishops for different races in the same geographical area. Between about 1856 and 1872 Venn became increasingly daring in his proposals, abandoned his support for the idea of a single European bishop wherever there were European settlers and was instrumental, not only in having Samuel Crowther appointed as the first black bishop in West Africa or in responding positively to suggestions of an Indian bishop for South India, but also in proposing, both in India and in China, that the needs of a truly culturally integrated independent 'native' church demanded that its structures should be separated from those of the imported European church.


The basic experiments about creeping discharge were carried out to clear the characteristics of creeping discharges with backside electrode for lightning protection of wind turbine blades. And the following conclusion was obtained.


The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) is proud to announce the development of the prestigious Fellow designation. The designation of Fellow signifies an individual who has made significant contributions to the field of Endoscopy


Brassinosetroids(BR) is a class of ubiquitous plant hormones. They regulate diverse aspects of plant growth and development and resistance to environmental stresses. Since BR control several aspects of yield-related traits in rice,such as plant height,grain weight,leaf angle and tillering number,much attention has been paid to identify the molecular components of BR biosynthesis and signaling,and to increase yield by genetic engineering BR biosynthesis or signaling. Chinese scientists have made significant progress in characterizing several BR signaling mutants in rice. In this review,recent advances in BR signaling in rice have been summarized,and future studies and applications were discussed.


In the paper the author compares Chinese idioms with other fixed phrases.It holds that the characteristic of double meanings is the distinguishing feature of Chinese idioms that has both superficial meaning and deepened meaning.The characteristic of double meanings is the essential feature that distinguishes the Chinese idioms from other fixed phrases.


Abstract National nutrition anaemia control programme at Dharwad taluk was evaluated by interviewing the health functionaries and beneficiaries for knowledge and opinion using a prestructured proforma. About 11 per cent of women in reproductive age were not registered by any of the health functionaries. The iron and folic acid tablets (IFA) were not distributed regularly by the ANMS and 10 per cent subjects did not receive any tablets even once. The tablets supplied were not regularly consumed due to the side effects and blind beliefs. There is a need for nutrition education to enhance the iron intake through tablets and iron rich foods. The health functionaries were aware of potency and side effects of IFA tablets. The record maintenance and follow up of health functionaries needs to be improved in this programme.


This study aimed to determine the effect of technology-integrated activities on the students' laboratory anxiety. The adapted instrument, Laboratory Anxiety Questionnaires (LAQ) was administered as a pre-test to 46 BS Food Technology students who enlisted in Organic Chemistry Laboratory at the Mariano Marcos State University, City of Batac, Philippines. The researchers conducted action research in a search for ways to achieve 21st-century pedagogy to gear students in gaining 21st-century skills for them to become future proof and to thrive in a transforming world. Mobile applications and video clips were used in the instruction. After technology integration and performing the laboratory activities in two weeks, LAQ was applied as a post-test. The study was designed as a pre-test-postest without control group action research. Frequency and percentages were computed to determine the specific laboratory anxieties that were overcome after the intervention. Results showed that the anxiety in handling chemicals, laboratory materials and equipment, laboratory accidents and committing mistakes during the experiment were overcome in high percentages. The integration of technology such as mobile applications and videos reduces the students' laboratory anxiety.


The spectral variations of the Minnaert darkening coefficient are investigated on the basis of spectrophotometric measurements of the brightness distribution along the equatorial zone and the central meridian of Jupiter in 1976. In contrast to the equatorial zone, the coefficients of limb darkening of the north and south polar regions are almost independent of wavelength and remain close to 0.9-1.0 even at 0.39 micron. The equivalent thickness of H2 in the outer atmosphere above the equatorial zone is estimated as 7.8 + or - 2.0 km-atm, while the lower limit, from an analysis of OAO-2 data, is about 5.5 + or - 0.7 km-atm. The results of photometry in the near ultraviolet and measurements of latitude variations of CH4 absorption contradict the assumption of an increase in the optical depth of the outer atmosphere toward the poles of Jupiter derived by a number of investigators on the basis of polarimetric observations.


Enhancement of dye fluorescence intensity was studied by modifying the aspect ratio of gold nanobipyramids (AuBPs) from 3.2 to 6.6. The emission fluorescence intensity of sulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS) was strongly dependent on the aspect ratio of AuBPs. Furthermore, we found that the energy transfer from excited AlPcS to AuBPs was a key determinant of the efficacy of metal-enhanced fluorescence. By means of AuBPs with a higher aspect ratio, such that the surface plasmon resonance band does not overlap with the energy level of excited AlPcS, metal-enhanced fluorescence of various AlPcS–AuBP conjugates was determined, and the maximal enhancement factor was found to be 14. The enhanced fluorescence intensity of AlPcS conjugated with AuBPs indicates promising plasmonic properties. An apoptosis assay of HeLa cells revealed that AlPcS–AuBPs, when used as a drug, can enhance the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Furthermore, AuBPs with the longitudinal absorption peak wavelength of 1050 nm had optimal proapoptotic effects. HeLa cells treated with AlPcS–AuBPs (ratio 0.42 µM to 0.01 nM) had viability as low as 29.31% after 32 J cm−2 ultraviolet light exposure, indicating the strong potential of AlPcS–AuBPs to improve the efficacy of PDT.


It has been shown by the methods of electronic, IR, and ESR spectroscopy, and magnetometry that the occurrence of a set of acid-base and redox processes in a cobalt(II)-sulfide(polysulfide)-ion-cetyltrimethylammonium extraction system in an alkaline medium results in the formation of the coordination compound /(CTA)/sub 6/(Co/sup II//sub 2/Co/sup III//sub 2/S/sub 7-n/(S/sub x/)/sub n/(OH)/sub 2/)//sub m/ (I), where x = 2 to 5. The combined presence of Ni(II) and Co(II) in the analogous system with sulfide ions at first results in the formation of a compound similar to compound I, which is a product of the replacement of cobalt(II) by nickel(II), whose further reaction with nickel(II) is completed with the formation of a complex with a Co(II):Ni(II) ratio equal to 2:3. The higher complexing ability of the polysulfide ions caused the extraction of Ni(II) in the form of an ionic associate with the formula (CTA)/sub 2/-(Ni(S/sub x/)/sub 2/).


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop the concepts of supply chain leadership (SCL) and supply chain followership (SCF) from the literature, and propose a theory of leadership in supply chains using a strategy‐structure‐performance theory framework.Design/methodology/approach – Constructs are defined and valid and reliable scales are developed for SCL, SCF, and three structural elements (information availability, communication, and rewards). Proposed SCL and SCF theoretical relationships are tested using data collected from an interactive simulation and analyzed using structural equation modeling.Findings – Transformational SCL and SCF are inter‐related constructs that can be linked to the creation of the three forms of supply chain structure examined in this research to varying degrees. A finding of significance is that supply chain follower organizations may actually have greater influence over operational performance than the supply chain leader.Research limitations/implications – This rese...


The recent emergence of GPGPU programming has resulted in a number of very efficient, but ultimately ad-hoc implementations of GPU accelerated simulations of complex systems. Because developing applications for the GPU is still a difficult and time consuming task, efficient GPU parallelizations of general purpose modeling frameworks are very useful. The dimer automaton is a stochastic modeling and simulation framework with a good balance of robustness, generality, and simplicity with capacity to model a wide range of phenomena. A major advantage of dimer automata is the ease in which they can be applied to any space that can be represented as a graph. Therefore, we have developed an efficient GPU implementation of dimer automata that runs up to 80 times faster than the serial implementation.


The main objective of this work was to select forest fragments with potential for the sustainable management in Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar – Nucleo Santa Virginia buffer zone. Considered as basic principle: the Paraibuna river basis rural community involvement, the surrounding activities will become sustainable and the guarantee and maintenance of biological diversity and the genetics resources from a protect area. The methodology for characterization the area and the community was land visiting, documents source and questionnaire. The use of the SIG – Arc (GIS) 8.1.2 – ESRI, was important for the forest fragment identification. Its results 20 fragments with capacity to implementation the sustainable management inside the buffer zone and 100% of the landowners agree to participate in the proposal of fragments forest will improve with the Jucara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) palm cultivates. Plavras Chave: fragments, management, buffer zone, fragmentos, manejo, zona de amortecimento. Este trabalho e parte da dissertacao apresentada ao Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Ambientais a UNITAU, intitulada Zona de Amortecimento do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar – Nucleo Santa Virginia: subsidios ao Manejo Sustentavel dos fragmentos da Mata Atlântica.


The restoration process of many known median based algorithms is effective for the images corrupted by high random valued impulse noise, but not efficient especially for real-time applications. We proposed a new modus-operandi; by utilizing the competence of the fast median filter into modified Directional Weighted Median filter (DWM), which can be used in real-time applications to remove random valued impulse noise efficiently and effectively from a highly corrupted image without conciliation on the result's excellence. The simulation fallout depict that the anticipated technique performs better, in terms of time complexity and PSNR, as compared to the existing methods as well as directional weighted median filter.


The article explores the history and the reasons for creating Vietnamese ideograms on the basis of the Chinese writing in the 8-10th centuries. The Chinese writing and the history of the Chinese civilization became the subject Vietnamese educated people studied. For ten centuries the Chinese ideograms (Han) were developed in Vietnam by he representatives of the Chinese state administration. Nevertheless, the desire to use the native language in all spheres of public life made the Vietnamese create an intermediate writing that was derivative from Chinese one. They overshadowed the old writing forms. The author analyses the composing principles of the Chinese and the Vietnamese ideograms and emphasises the significance of the latter from the linguistic point of view.


In this study, eggs were processed as caviar and packed in vacuumed and stored approximately three months at 40C. From beginning raw egg, the processed caviar samples were determined chemically (moisture, lipid, protein, ash, salt, TVB-N, and pH) and sensorialy at 0., 7., 14., 21., 28., 42., 56., 70. and 84. days. As the results of chemical analyses, aggs processed as caviar have got low moisture content, high proteini lipidi ash and salt than nonprocessed raw eggs. During the storage period TVB-N, and pHvalues has been changed in consumable level. At the end of sensorial evaluations that caviar has kept cansumption fetures during storage period and fryed samples have got more taste than raw samples. As a result it was determined that, trout eggs could be used as caviar and has got high nutritional value and could be storage at 40C for 84 days period.


Community detection is one of the most representative graph mining applications, which is often assembled as a concurrent graph partition application to explore the maximum modularity (or gained modularity) of each community. However, many branch divergence operations create significant obstacles to unleashing GPU's high throughput and memory bandwidth, which are needed in community detection applications to divide the vertices into different communities. In this paper, we present Lugger, a GPU-based overlapping community detection algorithm that reduces GPU's branch divergence via the customer-designed cache-aware parallel searching technique. In Lugger, we first design a cache-aware parallel searching policy using the B-Tree structure. Then, we set the B-Tree node matches with the GPU cache line to meet the coalesced memory access manner and avoid the branch divergence in warps. Moreover, we design a positive node splitting scheme to reduce the lock operation and idle threads when building the B-Tree structure. In addition, we implement a warp-centric thread assignment strategy to make sure the workloads across threads are balanced. We implement the proposed algorithm on NVIDIA GPU and evaluate the performance on eight large graphs (up to <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{3}~M$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>3</mml:mtext><mml:mspace width="3.33333pt"/><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="shi-ieq1-3180360.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> vertices and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{117}~M$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>117</mml:mtext><mml:mspace width="3.33333pt"/><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="shi-ieq2-3180360.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> edges) with ground-truth communities. The experimental results show that Lugger can outperform the state-of-the-art works on scalability and detection quality.


Yi-Zhi-Fang-Dai formula (YZFDF) is an experiential prescription used to cure dementia cases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the main effective compounds of YZFDF have been identified from this formula, and the neuroprotective effect against Aβ 1–42 oligomer of YZFDF has been tested in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results showed that YZFDF could increase cell viability and could attenuate endothelial reticula- (ER-) mediated apoptosis. Evidence indicated that protein folding and endothelial reticula stress (ERS) played an important role in the AD pathological mechanism. We further explored the expression of Hsp70, an important molecular chaperon facilitating the folding of other proteins, and Grp78, the marker protein of ERS in SH-SY5Y cells. Data told us that YZFDF pretreatment could influence the mRNA and protein expression of these two proteins. At last, we also found that YZFDF pretreatment could activate Akt in SH-SY5Y cells. All these above indicate that YZFDF could be a potent therapeutic candidate for AD treatment.


A conformable, thermally-conductive gel pack is provided having a thermal gel encapsulated by a compliant packaging material formed from a dielectric polymer. The gel pack is adapted for emplacement between opposed heat transfer surfaces in an electronic device. One heat transfer surface can be part of a heat-generating component of the device, while the other heat transfer surface can be part of a heat sink or a circuit board.


This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of cookies with different levels of flaxseed powder. Cookies were prepared with four different levels (0%, 6%, 12% and 18%) of flaxseed powder and the physicochemical properties were examined. The pH of cookie dough was higher in cookies containing flaxseed powder. The spread factor of control cookie was lower than that of cookies containing 6%, 12% and 18% of flaxseed powder. The incorporation of flaxseed powder in cookies lowered lightness and yellowness but increased redness values. Rheology tests showed that cookies with 6%, 12% and 18% flaxseed powder had significantly lower hardness value than control cookies(p < 0.05). Consumer acceptance test revealed that overall preference score was the highest in cookies containing 12% flaxseed powder. During storage at 55℃ for 60 days, peroxide value increased until 30 days of storage and decreased thereafter, while acid value steadily increased and there was no significant difference in peroxide value and acid value between control cookies and flaxseed added cookies.


1. Symptoms on the natural hosts and the modes of infection of S. cepivorum and S. tuliparum are described. While S. cepivorum appears to be able to penetrate the surface of uninjured roots, it does so relatively slowly and uncertainly whereas it freely enters at the stem base. The port of entry has been found the natural wound caused by the emerging root. In case ofS. tuliparum it was the shoot bases and not the roots which were attacked. 2. S. cepivorum is able to attack onion seedlings over the whole range of soil moisture at which ready germination takes place-the greatest development of the disease being near about 40 to 60 per cent, soil moisture. As regards temperature effect, the optimum attack is somewhere in the neighbourhood of 13° to 18° C. 3. Under conditions which were sufficiently favourable to enable S. tuliparum to produce nearly 100 per cent, infection on tulips, S. cepivorum had no ascertainable effect whatsoever.
4. Neither S. cepivorum nor S. tuliparum is able to attack the host of the other. 5. S. tuliparum caused 80-100 per cent, infection of Tulips, Scilla sibirica, Hyacinth, Chionodoxa luciliœ, Iris hispanica; 40-60 per cent, of Gladiolus, Narcissus, Daffodil, Crocus, Snowdrop; 20 per cent, of rhizomes of winter Aconite; and produced no attack on onions, shallots and leek.S. cepivorum on the other hand attacked vigorously most of the onion types, leeks, shallots and red-onions only up to an extent of 20-25 per cent., while it could not attack the hosts ofS. tuliparum. 6. It was noticed with both fungi that moist atmospheric conditions and autoclaved soil increased the pathogenicity on almost all the hosts.


Maps are among the most complex visual fields the geography pupil meets. Nevertheless, the most commonly usedmaps omit much detail about land form and cover. Recent r esear chis describ ed which casts somelight on how children interpret these maps in the absence of direct map evidence. In 1957 the American geographer, Ahmin Kohl Lobeck, stressed the distinction between reading maps and interpreting them.1 The rivers and towns on the map may be read like the words in a book: the map is eloquent about their existence and their location. But we are left to infer the influence of the river pattern upon the siting and growth of these towns. The map is silent about such relationships, though they can be interpreted by a process akin to "reading between the lines" of a written passage. The validity to school map work of this distinction was demonstrated in 19702 and more recent research in Plymouth schools has thrown further light upon the problems of inter- pretation in the absence of map evidence. This summary will be restricted to Ordnance Survey and similar maps at the 1 : 25 000 scale and to the "general" atlas map that com- bines both "physical" and "political" information.3 Almost all the data on these maps - rivers and hills, roads and towns - concern sizeable, visible objects of just the kind that make up, when viewed from a distance, what we would call the landscape. It is perhaps not going too far to say that their usefulness to school teach- ing depends in large measure upon how well they are able to conjure up in the child's mind an image of the real landscape. The complement of the landscape is the seascape. Man inhabits the land surface but extends his activities onto the surface of the sea. From this point of view it is essentially part of the same surface, one that we might call the episcape. Trawling for cod and dredging for manga- nese nodules are sub-surface activities like mining for coal. Much land ice eventually becomes a component of sea ice, and perhaps icescape should be recognized as the third fundamental component of the episcape (Fig. 1). The episcape has a shape or form, and it has a cover of natural and man-made objects. To what extent are our maps silent about form and cover, and how do children interpret these in the absence of data on the maps ?


This essay wol cover three topics: a history of public library funding issues; curent public library funding formats; and the trends or resources that will help promote strong public libraries today and tomorow. Essay content is drawn from library literature as well as my 20 years of professional library experience


: The dynamic relationship between stage and discharge which is unique to a particular flood for a selected station along the river can be determined via a mathematical model based on the complete one-dimensional equations of unsteady flow, i.e., the equations for the conservation of mass and momentum of the flood wave, and the Manning equation which accounts for energy losses. By assuming the bulk of the flood wave moves as a kinematic wave, the need for spatial resolution of the flood can be eliminated, and only the time variation of either the discharge or stage at the selected station is necessary for the computation of the other. The mathematical model can be used in river forecasting to convert the forecast discharge hydrograph into a stage hydrograph which properly reflects the unique dynamic stage-discharge relationship produced by the variable energy slope of the flood discharge. The model can be used also in stream gaging to convert a recorded stage hydrograph into a discharge hydrograph which properly accounts for the effects of unsteady flow. The model is applied to several observed floods at selected stations along the Lower Mississippi, Red, and Atchafalaya Rivers. The root mean square errors between observed and computed discharges are in the range of 3 to 7 percent, values well within the accuracy of the observations. A simple, easily-applied graphical procedure is also provided for estimating the magnitude of the effect of the unsteady flow on stage-discharge ratings. As a general rule, the dynamic effect may be significant if the channel bottom slope is less than 0.001 ft/ft (about 5 ft/mi) when the rate of change of stage is greater than about 0.10 ft/hr.


The study of The Selected Works of Jiang Zemin in colleges should be combined with the practical work.The capabilities of studying new situations should be enhanced.New problems are resolved by using Marxist view of the world and methodology.It correctly holds the form of innovation by witch to gain much internal progress,to enhance the capabilities of innovation and to promote the sustainable development of colleges.


National and international assessments indicate that U.S. students lose ground in mathematics as they progress into middle and high school. It is suggested that the organization of traditional mathematics textbooks, which form the backbone of mathematics instruction, hinders acquisition of the foundational skills necessary for success in higher mathematics, thereby leading to low math performance. Traditional mathematics textbooks are organized into a spiral design where many topics are covered, but none are covered in depth. An alternative to the spiral organization, which is unique to Direct Instruction programs, is the strand design. Textbooks organized around a strand design focus on a relatively small number of topics over a long period of time. As topics are mastered, they are integrated into new strands that represent increasingly complex mathematical concepts. This article examines the disadvantages of the spiral design and shows how organizing textbooks into strands can increase the effectiveness of mathematics curricula. Mathematics curricula are typically organized into a spiral design where numerous topics are revisited every year. Despite its prevalence, some educators are critical of the spiral design and, as far back as 1989, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics noted the need to change the "repetition of topics, approach, and level of presentation in grade after grade" (p. 66). An alternative to the spiral curriculum is the strand curriculum where topics are treated in depth over a long period of time. Design of instruction can have a powerful effect on student achievement (Carnine, 1990), and the dismal state of achievement in mathematics among youth in this country warrants scrutiny of the spiral versus strand curricula. National and international comparisons repeatedly indicate that U.S. children lack fundamental mathematical skills. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) was administered to 4th, 8th, and 12th graders in the United States in 1996 and 2000 (U.S. Department of Education, 2001a). Results of the NAEP indicated that scores have steadily increased over the past 20 years. However, the gains for 4th graders were much higher than the gains for 8thor 12th-grade students. There appears to be a slump in math achievement that begins shortly after fourth grade and continues into high school. The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) confirmed this phenomenon. The TIMSS was administered in 1995 to more than 500,000 students in 41 countries at three age levels (Masini & Taylor, 2000) and again to eighth graders in 1999 (U.S. Department of Education, 2001b). No other country had a sharper drop in math ranking than U.S. children (Loveless & DiPerna, 2000). It appears that U.S. students do not start out behind but fall behind during the middle-school years. As the British weekly, The Economist, put it: "The longer children stay in American schools, the worse they seem to get" (America's Education Choice, 2000, p. 17). Journal of Direct Instruction 29 A Comparison of Spiral Versus Strand Curriculum Journal of Direct Instruction, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 29–39. Address correspondence to Vicki Snider at email@example.com VICKI E. SNIDER, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire Diverse learners fare the worst. Socioeconomic status accounted for 40% of the variance in scores of children in the United States, but it accounted for only 20% of the variance across all the participating TIMSS countries (Schmidt, Houang, & Cogan, 2002). This disparity is illustrated by the fact that 36 of the 41 participating countries outperformed the District of Columbia in mathematics, but only 6 countries scored higher than eighth-grade students in Iowa and Nebraska (Berliner, 2001.) Similarly, socioeconomic status accounted for about 60% of the difference in NAEP scores (Masini & Taylor, 2000). It appears that children who are advantaged do well, while others do not. Similar results occur in school districts around the country. Despite the efforts of local administrators, students of color and students from low-income homes have made few gains on basic skills exams in mathematics (Totso & Welsh, 2003). Poorly designed curricula are seldom considered factors in creating educational inequalities. However, an analysis of mathematical concepts considered essential in Grades 1–8 revealed interesting differences between top achieving countries and the United States (Schmidt et al., 2001). Schmidt et al. (2002) found that top achieving countries covered a limited number of topics at each grade level and covered them for about 3 years. Foundation topics, such as whole number concepts, were introduced in the early grades, and more sophisticated mathematical topics were gradually covered in the later grades. No such logical progression was apparent in the United States. Prerequisite knowledge was not necessarily introduced first. Many more topics were considered essential at each grade level. In fact, the average duration of each topic was 6 years, suggesting that in the United States topics are covered superficially over a longer period of time. The result is that our textbooks are a "mile wide [and] an inch deep" (Schmidt et al., 2002, p. 13). The design of textbooks is important because they form the backbone of education. Although good teachers provide instructional opportunities that go beyond textbooks, 75% to 90% of classroom instruction is organized around textbooks (Tyson & Woodward, 1989; Woodward & Elliott, 1990). As Farr, Tulley, and Powell (1987) noted, "Textbooks dominate instruction in elementary and secondary schools" (p. 59). Most textbooks have a similar appearance. This similarity occurs because 22 states, including most notably California and Texas, have statewide adoption procedures that require centralized textbook adoption. Approval by an adoption state is very lucrative for publishers; consequently they tailor their textbooks to meet the requirements of the big adoption states. The result is that textbooks published by different companies look much the same. This similarity would not be a problem if math textbooks were uniformly good, but unfortunately the design of traditional textbooks is flawed (Carnine, 1990; Carnine, Jitendra, & Silbert, 1997). Textbooks may be poorly designed in a number of ways, and there is little agreement on what constitutes an ideal mathematics curriculum. Some mathematicians are critical of reform efforts known as constructivism (Open letter to United States Secretary of Education, Richard Riley, 1999), especially the de-emphasis on arithmetic algorithms. Some math educators claim that current reform efforts are insufficient (Battista, 1999). This article examines one aspect of curriculum design that is seldom mentioned in the debate—the difference between the spiral curriculum that is common to both traditional and constructivist mathematics textbooks and the strand curriculum that is unique to Direct Instruction programs. Four disadvantages of the spiral design will be discussed. Examples from Connecting Math Concepts (CMC; Engelmann, Carnine, Kelly, & Engelmann, 1996), a Direct Instruction mathematics program, will be used to explain how the strand curriculum elimi-


Summary

An Amaranthus rudis Saner (common water-hemp) biotype from a field treated for two consecutive years with a mixture of chlorimuron and metribuzin was tested in greenhouse and laboratory studies to assess resistance and cross-resistance to four acetolactale synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. The biotype demonstrated >1920-fold resistance at the whole plant level, and >850-fold resistance at the ALS enzyme to chlorimuron, compared with a susceptible biotype. This chlorimuron-resistant biotype was also cross-resistant to primisuifu-ron, haiosulfuron and imazethapyr. In greenhouse studies, atrazine alone or in combination with ALS-inhibiting herbicides provided excellent control of the resistant biotype of A. rudis. Combinations of dicamba and ALS-inhibitors also provided adequate control. Additionally, premixtures of flumetsulam and metolachlor and of dicamba and atrazine furnished excellent control of this chlorimuron-resistant A. rudis biotype.


Rheumatoid arthritis is known to be associated with increased mortality over the years when compared to the general population. In the BeSt study, 508 patients were treated to target (Disease Activity Score ≤2.4) for 10 years between April 2000 and August 2012. At the end of the initial study follow-up, the observed mortality in the BeSt cohort was similar to mortality in the general population. In the current study we evaluated the mortality in the BeSt cohort after 17 years follow-up and compared it to the general Dutch population.Evaluate long-term mortality in the BeSt study cohort.In the BeSt study 508 patients diagnosed with early RA were randomized to four initial treatment strategies: 1. Sequential monotherapy; 2. Step-up combination therapy; 3. Initial combination therapy with prednisone; or 4. Initial combination therapy with infliximab. During the 10-year follow-up period treatment was steered at low disease activity (DAS ≤2.4) and adjusted every three months when necessary. After 10-years patients were treated and followed-up according to regular care. We explored mortality through the Dutch state registry for mortality (Centrum voor Familiegeschiedenis) and treating rheumatologist. Mortality in the BeSt cohort was compared to the general Dutch population (Statistics Netherlands) matched by gender, age and calendar year using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test were used to compare survival among the initial treatment strategies.The mean duration of follow-up in non-deceased patients was 17 years (range 16-18). In total, 143 patients died (28%) compared to a total of 105 (21%) expected deaths in the reference population. The overall SMR after 17 years was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.16-1.61). Within the study population, no statistically significant difference in survival-curves was observed between the four initial treatment strategies (log-rank p=0.76) (table 1, and figure 1).Table 1.BeSt study cohort mortality - stratified for initial treatment strategySequential monotherapyn=126Step-up combination therapyn=121Initial combination therapy with prednisonen=133Initial combination therapy with infliximabn=128N (%) †38 (30)31 (26)41 (31)33 (26)SMR (95% CI)1.41 (1.03–1.94)1.20 (0.84-1.70)1.53 (1.13-2.09)1.31 (0.93-1.85)SMR: standardized mortality ratio (number observed deaths/number expected deaths); CI: confidence interval.Conclusion:Figure 1.Survival curves – stratified for initial treatment strategyAfter a mean of 17 years follow-up the mortality was increased in the BeSt study cohort when compared to the general Dutch population. We observed no difference in survival curves among the four treatment strategies.Johanna M. Maassen: None declared, Yvonne Goekoop-Ruiterman: None declared, Hans van Groenendael: None declared, WIllem Lems Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant of: Lilly, Pfizer, Pit Kerstens: None declared, Thomas Huizinga Grant/research support from: Ablynx, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Sanofi, Consultant of: Ablynx, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Sanofi, Cornelia Allaart: None declared


Patients with lung cancer (LC) report lower quality of life (QoL) and higher levels of psychological distress compared with other cancer populations. Lung cancer stigma (LCS) may in part explain these findings.


We empirically examine the effects of venture capital (VC) firms on VC backed listed companies in French Nouveau Marche and Second Marche between 1991 and 2004. While studies in the US market shown a lower underpricing and a better long run performance for VC backed firms, we find that the effects of venture capitalist's participation are more complicated. VC-backed firms are less underpriced than non VC-backed firms. Such result supports the certification model. However, in the long run, participation of VC firms has negative effect on performance of initial public offerings supporting the adverse selection and the opportunist behavior (grandstanding) models that younger VC firms bring their portfolios to the market prematurely.


A peroxidase and a NADH oxidase system have been demonstrated in uterine tissue from nine species of animals. These enzymes were separated by simple centrifugation techniques in all tissues except rat. Peroxidases were found in the cytoplasm, and NADH oxidase in the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. The peroxidase was found to be quite stable to thermal inactivation and could be purified by precipitation between 70 and 100 per cent saturation of ammonium sulfate. The absorption spectrum of the peroxidase from all nine species was similar and had maxima at 574, 538 and 413 m/t for reduced material and at 628, 535, 497 and 404 for oxidized sample. The pyridine hemochromagen indicated that the enzyme may contain an analogue of protoporphyrin IX as its prosthetic group. A model enzyme study with porphyrin compounds also suggested this, in that only those porphyrins with protoporphyrin IX approached the activity of the uterine peroxidase toward leuco TIP. An iron assay of the peroxidase indicated a 0,115% Fe content by weight. Electrophoresis of the purified peroxidase shoired one major band with several diffuse trailing bands. The NADH oxidase was found to be rather unstable toward dialysis and storage. The enzyme is dependent on a phenol and manganous ions for activity. NADPH could be substituted for NADH in the reaction. The enzymic reaction was stimulated by sodium bisulfite and phosphate buffer, but was inhibited by cysteine, cyanide, azide, o-phenanthroline , ascorbic acid and hydroxylamine. Release of NADH oxidase from the mitochondria was negligible after freezethawing, however, some activity was released by digitonin-trypsin or non-ionic detergent treatments. A study of the phenol specificity of the NADH oxidase indicated those phenols with 2,4 or 3.5 substitutions were most stimulatory. The manganous requirement was found to be only partially satisfied with cobaltous or cerous ion substitution. Rat uterine tissue was found to vary from the other tissues with regard to its peroxidase and NADH oxidase distribution, concentration and reactivity. This is a significant discovery since no work on uterine peroxidase up to this time has been done on other than rat tissue. Neither the peroxidase nor the NADH oxidase of rat uterus was located in one portion of the cell, but seemed to coexist in both soluble and particulate fractions. Rat tissue was also found to be extremely active in NADH oxidase activity, although its peroxidase activity was of the same order of magnitude as the other animal tissues. The cytoplasmic fraction of the cell was found to contain two peroxidatic activities which could be separated by ammonium sulfate fractionation. One fraction was highly active in oxidizing iodide to iodine but had little ability to oxidize the reduced TIP. The other fraction had predominantly TIP activity. This ability to oxidize iodide to iodine was not found in any of the other tissue preparations. Rat peroxidase iron content of 0A5% F© was four times that found for the other tissues. Rat NADH oxidase was found to be Kn dependent and stimulated by 2 ,4-dichlorophenol or hormones, as was the NADH oxidase from the other species. The manner in which hormones affected NADH oxidase activity was investigated and three general effects noted. These included: (a) inhibition by phenolic steroid hormones, (b) stimulation by the cyclic alcohol steroid hormones, and (c) little effect by the hormones with a partially saturated ring 1. The possibility of physiological control mediated by hormone effects on the NADH oxidase system in the uterus is discussed.


Modular construction is a well-proven technique for the North Slope of Alaska and the offshore petrochemical industry and is often preferred because of site conditions. Modularization is not a technique generally associated with conventional land-based petrochemical facilities, but certain project conditions, such as limited manpower availability and severe weather conditions, can make it the best construction execution method to achieve cost savings. Structural engineering for modular structures is more complex than for conventional structures due to requirements associated with transport, handling, and final placement of complete modules or major sub-assemblies. A primary source of the additional complexity is the need for structural engineers to participate in the Weight Management process. Determination of module weight and Center-of-Gravity (COG) location is a key component of the Weight Management process. This paper provides an overview of the Weight Management process and presents a structural engineer's roles in this process. An implementation example is provided to show how the weight control data is generated by the weight reporting scheme to be used to assist project planning and management, specifically in material procurement and transportation logistics


The utility model discloses a quilt sterilizing and drying machine, comprising a box body component, a transmission device, microwave generators, a sterilizing component, a humidity discharging device and a control component, wherein the box body component comprises a main box body, an outlet rotatable door and an inlet rotatable door; a roller way of the transmission device transversely passes through the inlet and the outlet of the main box body and is located above the bottom part of the main box body; each microwave generator comprises a magnetron and a waveguide tube; all the microwave generators are installed on the internal top face of the main box body; the sterilizing component consists of ultraviolet lamp tubes; the ultraviolet lamp tubes are arranged on the left side and the right side of the inner wall of the main box body; the humidity discharging device is located on the top part of the main box body and communicated with the interior of the main box body and the outside environment; and the control component is located on the external side of the main box body. With the adoption of the quilt sterilizing and drying machine, a quilt can be sterilized and dried through the utilization of a microwave heating principle; the quilt to be dried and sterilized is transmitted by the roller way; and the magnetrons and the ultraviolet lamp tubes in the main box body emit microwaves and ultraviolet rays respectively, so that the quilt is dried and sterilized.


Regression method of orthogonal conic substitution with 5 factors was employed in this paper to study comprehensive effects of density,sowing time,Base P fertilizer, topdressing N fertilizer and spraying DPC on the yield,quality, benefit of cotton.According to the result of experiment,the mathematical model for yield and benefit was set up.Through the model based on simulation and sieved by computer,the optimum compehensive agronomic measures were selected for pre front lint yield over 1 500 kg/hm 2 and yield/invest over 8.The result of the measures was density 76 530~78 150 plant/hm 2 ,sowing time 4/8~4/10,base P fertilizer 82.5~99.0 kg/hm 2 ,topdressing N fertilizer 73.5~94.5 kg/hm 2 ,spraying DPC 50~ 69 g/hm 2 . Using the optimum plan,the multiple plot experiments showed that the cotton lint yield increased 12.1%,the econmic benefit was notable.


Fuel cells are attracting much interest as efficient and clean energy conversion devices. The main components of low temperature fuel cells are the electrocatalysts used to promote the anodic and cathodic reactions, which are based on platinum and platinum alloys. These electrocatalysts are normally prepared in the form of metal nanoparticles supported on a conductive material, usually high surface area carbon, to improve catalyst utilization and reduce cost. This work presents and comments some methods used presently to produce these electrocatalysts. The performances of the produced electrocatalysts are compared to that of state-of-the-art commercial E-TEK electrocatalysts.


Based on a modified strategy, two modified symplectic partitioned Runge–Kutta (PRK) methods are proposed for the temporal discretization of the elastic wave equation. The two symplectic schemes are similar in form but are different in nature. After the spatial discretization of the elastic wave equation, the ordinary Hamiltonian formulation for the elastic wave equation is presented. The PRK scheme is then applied for time integration. An additional term associated with spatial discretization is inserted into the different stages of the PRK scheme. Theoretical analyses are conducted to evaluate the numerical dispersion and stability of the two novel PRK methods. A finite difference method is used to approximate the spatial derivatives since the two schemes are independent of the spatial discretization technique used. The numerical solutions computed by the two new schemes are compared with those computed by a conventional symplectic PRK. The numerical results, which verify the new method, are superior to those generated by traditional conventional methods in seismic wave modeling.


This study has three objectives. First, to describe the form of a short story by learning plan based methods problems (problem based learning). Second, to describe the implementation of short stories based methods of learning problems (problem based learning). Third, to find obstacles in learning stories with problem-based method (problem based learning). Fourth to describe the solution of problems with a short story based methods of learning problems (problem based learning). This research uses descriptive qualitative research strategy. The strategy
used case studies. Data in the form of words, speech and learning behaviors, interviews, and field notes. Data sources include documents, school, activity or event, learning. Informants both teachers, principals, business facilities and infrastructure, curriculum and student affairs. The technique of collecting data through bservation, interviews and document analysis. Test the validity of data used triangulation data. This research receipts interactive model (interactive model of analysis af), namely reducing the data, presenting data, and draw conclusions. The first results of this study, lesson plan includes syllabi, lesson plans, teaching materials, methods penmbelajaran, learning resources, and evaluation of earning outcomes in junior high school district state 2 Jumapolo planned to complete. Second, the implementation of short stories based methods of learning problems (problem based learning) could take place, though not maximized. Third, the constraints encountered in the learning of a short story by a method based on problem (problem based learning) there are a few things, namely (1) the low input
of students, (2) unmastered innovative method, (3) the unavailability of multimedia facilities, (4) spacious classrooms, (5) the limited book collection. Fourth, a solution that traveled there a few things, namely (1) include MGMPs, (2) seminar learning, (3) conduct supervision, (4) will complement the multimedia
facilities, (5) use the media to the maximum, and (6) school add collection book collection.


Electronic access to a summary of key details from a patient's medical record from wherever they are being
treated is a goal of many health systems. England, Scotland and Wales addressed this by developing the
Summary Care Record, Emergency Care Summary and Individual Health Record respectively; Northern Ireland
adopted Scotland's technology. Whilst all four schemes shared a similar vision, they differed widely in their
strategy, budget, implementation plan, approach to clinical and public engagement and approach to evaluation and learning. We compare the four countries' experiences and draw lessons from the mixed fortunes of these programmes to date.


This article is supposed to make the secondary role on drama stage - "Group Image"as the discussion topic and take the famous play Si Fan for examp le to analyze the important part "Group Image"plays in Meng Jinghui's drama. T he author will contrast Brecht's drama theory and usage of "Group Image"in his plays with Meng Jinghui's. Besides,we can take Brecht as a bridge to recall the ancient Greek tragedy chorus and Chinese traditional drama features.It's design ed to analyze from two different layers:text narration and stage direction. From Brecht to Meng Jinghui, although the Group Image can't be the main character in plays, its flexible application makes it have special aesthetical feature and f unction.It must be safe to say that Group Image will always play active role in modern drama stage.


This paper discusses the major reasons for readjusting the structure of rural talents in aspects of agricultural orientation, comparative advantages, the circulation of agricultural products, rural market, industrialized management, and featured agriculture, etc.


The prevalence of securitizations in banking industry since 1970 has become an important issue faced by the regulatory agencies in assessment of risk effects. In general, all securitizations transfer risk on a gross basis whenever credit losses that might otherwise have been borne by the lender become risks that are borne by investors. In contrast, a net risk transfer occurs when a securitization transfers more risk than economic resources. As a result, not all gross transfers of risk result in net transfers of risk. For a sample of U.S. bank holding companies from 2001 to 2004, this study investigates whether the net risk transfer occurs by extending Dionne and Harchaoui's (2003) work and finds that both total and priced risk are increased after securitizations. Our results imply that decreased risk from diversified asset portfolio is outweighed by increased risk from credit enhancements and moral recourse provided by originating banks. Accordingly, net risk transfer does not occur even economic resources are transferred off the originating banks' books.


Alzheimer's disease, an insidi ous, progressive brain disorder, will strike 5 percent of the popula tion who reach age 65—and more than 20 percent of those over 85. First described in the medical liter ature in 1907 by Alois Alzheimer, the disease that bears his name continues to be a medical enigma. Both its cause and pathological development in the brain are unknown. There is no way of halt ing or reversing the course of the disease, and patients with Alzheimer's undergo a slow, men tally crippling progression ending with death. The brains of Alzheimer's dis ease patients undergo extensive physical changes, some of which resemble those seen in the brains of some elderly or mentally retarded individuals. The extent of the changes is apparent only upon inspection of the brain after death. The true devastation of the disease is a result of the physical destruc tion of brain cells (neurons) and radical biochemical transfor mations. All of our physical actions as well as our cognitive processes are accomplished through the work of brain neurotransmitters that main tain the brain's organization and integrate its numerous activities. Incoming information is trans formed into biochemical units by these neurotransmitters, which then direct nerve cells to either store information (memory) or initi ate some action, such as speech. Occurring with equal frequency in both sexes, Alzheimer's disease may strike at any time over age 30, although it is rare in people under 45. Alzheimer's-like brain changes, however, frequently appear in individuals in their 30s with mental retardation due to Down's syndrome. By studying this younger group, researchers hope to learn more about the brain changes in Alzheimer's patients as well as uncover any genetic link ages between the two diseases. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common forms of the demen tias—disorders characterized by progressive memory loss, changes in personality, impaired reasoning ability, and deterioration in per sonal care. Diagnosing the disor der is particularly difficult because there is no definitive laboratory test. However, several tests are available that allow physicians to form a tentative diagnosis. They include evaluation of brain-wave activity by electroencephalogram (EEG), measurement of brain blood flow using an X-ray proce dure and analysis of brain scans (CAT, PET, MRI, SPECT). Ultimately, though, evaluation of brain tissue after the patient's death provides the only definite diagnosis. With existing tech niques, clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's is accurate in only 7 0 80 percent of cases. Thus, the National Institutes of Health's con sensus criteria for diagnosing Alzheimer's include the categories "possible," "probable" and "defi nite," the latter requiring postmor tem confirmation. The brains of younger Alzheimer's patients—those in their 50s or early 60s—are under weight and exhibit generalized shrinkage, with changes in the length or width of the natural grooves (sulci) and raised areas (gyri) that divide the brain into its component parts. This shrinkage, however, is not uncommon in the elderly and of itself does not indi cate the presence of Alzheimer's disease. Older Alzheimer's patients have brains roughly the same size as those of their agematched peers without the disease. Toward the interior of our brains lie several chambers (ventricles) that become enlarged as we age. The ventricles of some Alzheimer's patients may be larger than those in elderly persons without the disease. In Alzheimer's disease there is a loss of nerve cells in specific areas of the brain, disrupting communi cation within. Alzheimer's patients then begin to show typical deficits in behavior and reasoning. Usu ally, cells in the outer layer or " r i nd " (cortex) of the brain die first, followed by more significant cell loss in deeper brain structures. The one definite diagnostic indi cator of Alzheimer's disease is a pattern of brain-tissue plaques and tangles that can be seen only by microscopic inspection of specially stained brain cells obtained on autopsy. Plaques are small, starch like protein deposits that stain readily with silver. A small number of plaques, however, are also found in over 90 percent of people in their 90s. When these structures are studied under a microscope, a plaque count is made and used as an indicator of abnormal plaque density. It is this abnormally high plaque count that can provide the diagnosis of Alzheimer's. Tangles are masses of fine fila ments in the brain cells. These tan gles run from a cell's nucleus to the axon, which functions like a cable to carry a cell's electrical impulses. Medical researchers suggest that these tangled fila ments are the remains of collapsed cell structures that Alzheimer's brains are unable to break down and remove. This loss of "house keeping" function may provide clues concerning the processes leading to nerve death in Alzheimer's. Alzheimer's strikes at the heart of the brain's chemical integration by shutting off the production of vital neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, serotonin, dopa mine, gamma aminobutyric acid, noradrenaline and glutamate. These neurotransmitters are nec essary for a variety of functions ranging from emotion to levels of


Recent military operations have highlighted the need for new expedient pavement repair capabilities to improve current guidance on airfield damage repair. Damaged or distressed military airfield pavements must be repaired with expedient methods and durable materials to minimize the time the pavement is removed from service and to reduce or eliminate additional closure times for subsequent repairs. Extensive research was conducted to develop several airfield pavement repair techniques that could be applied across the full spectrum of military airfield repair operations. This paper focuses on the research conducted to develop a new foam backfill technology for airfield pavement repairs. Results of initial laboratory and field tests showed that rigid, poured polyurethane foam is the most applicable backfill solution for deployed locations because of its ability to expand to several times its shipped liquid volume when mixed, reducing the logistical burden of transporting aggregate backfill materials. This paper describes laboratory and field experiments that used foam backfill and prototype equipment to develop a pavement repair technique that supports threshold and objective aircraft pass levels defined for expedient airfield repairs. The research included laboratory testing, full-scale field testing, and simulated and actual aircraft traffic tests with C-17 and F-15 aircraft. Results of these tests validated and certified the foam backfill repair technique for military aircraft use. However, these experiments also identified material and equipment limitations that will require additional research before the repair technique is adopted by military repair teams. Conclusions and recommendations for future equipment and material improvements are provided.


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This research article provides an insight into the Multifamily Therapy (MFT) for families caring for a patient with an eating disorder at the Centre for Eating Disorders at the First Psychiatric Clinic in Prague. We describe the sometimes rocky path of MFT in Czech healthcare and the challenges we encountered in working with this approach in the Czech Republic. Additionally, we discuss the preliminary results of our follow-up-pilot study in which we tested the efficacy of our MFT programme on patients' quality of life and self-esteem. Fifteen patients completed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and the brief Schwartz outcome scale (SOS-10) at pre-treatment and post-treatment. Our results show a significant improvement of quality of life (F (1, 14) = 13.03, P = 0.003) and a significant reduction of self-esteem (Z = −2.721 P = 0.07). This pilot study shows divergent results concerning the efficacy of MFT on patients' quality of life and their self-esteem.


Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in American men. The high mortality rate is attributable to current treatments not providing a cure for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. The main goal of this project is to provide a novel therapeutic approach based on nanoparticle-mediated magnetic hyperthermia for efficient treatment of this cancer. Magnetic hyperthermia is a form of thermal therapy where magnetic nanoparticles delivered to cancer sites generate heat after exposure to an external alternating magnetic field (AMF). Many studies suggest that it has significant potential to kill cancer cells directly or enhance their susceptibility to radiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Magnetic hyperthermia, however, is restricted to the treatment of localized and accessible tumors because therapeutic temperatures above 40 Celsius have only been achieved by intratumoral injection of magnetic nanoparticles. This is due to the low heating efficiency of conventional iron oxide nanoparticles combined with low tumor accumulation of these nanoparticles following systemic delivery. To employ this therapy for primary and metastatic prostate cancer tumors that are difficult to access for intratumoral injection, we have designed novel biocompatible nanoclusters with high heating efficiency that efficiently accumulate in prostate cancer tumors after intravenous injection at clinically relevant doses and generate the desirable intratumoral temperatures upon exposure to AMF. Our nanoclusters are built on hydrophobic iron oxide nanoparticles doped with zinc and manganese. To overcome challenges associated with poor water solubility of the synthesized nanoparticles, the solvent evaporation approach was employed to encapsulate and cluster them within the hydrophobic core of PEG-PCL-based polymeric nanoparticles. The amphiphilic PEG-PCL (methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(e-caprolactone)) molecules, composed of hydrophobic 10 kDa PCL and hydrophilic 5 kDa PEG blocks, self-assemble in aqueous solution upon evaporation of the organic solvent to form nanoparticles with a hydrophilic PEG outer shell and hydrophobic PCL core. The transmission electron microscope images reveal that iron oxide nanoparticles form clusters within a single PEG-PCL nanoparticle. It is validated that the clustering of iron oxide nanoparticles enhances their heating efficiency. Animal studies demonstrate that following intravenous injection into mice bearing prostate cancer grafts the nanoclusters efficiently accumulate in cancer tumors and increase the intratumoral temperature up to 42 Celsius upon exposure to AMF. Finally, the systemically delivered magnetic hyperthermia significantly inhibits prostate cancer growth and does not exhibit any sign of toxicity. In summary, this discovery will allow to realize the true therapeutic potential of magnetic hyperthermia alone and in combination with other therapies for inaccessible primary and metastatic prostate cancer tumors. Citation Format: Oleh Taratula, Olena Taratula. Intravascular delivery of nanoclusters for treatment of prostate cancer with magnetic hyperthermia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2875.


ABSTRACT
The knowledge of solar radiation distribution of a particular geographical location is an important tool for the development of many solar energy devices in testing of their performance. Measured data of solar radiation, relative humidity, and minimum and maximum temperatures for Bauchi location (latitudes 9° 3' and 12° 3' north and longitudes 8° 50' and 11° east) was obtained at Agro-weather Station Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. The analysis of First order Regression for Angstrom model was obtained and the results was compared with that of the solar radiation measured in the months of March, April, May and June. Maximum value was recorded while its minimum is in the months of January, February, October, November and December for both the measured and predicted solar radiation based on temperature. Similarly, the Angstrom model based on relative humidity shows that in the months of June, July, August, September and October solar radiation is maximum while its minimum is in the months of January, February, March and April. The correlation coefficient was obtained using Kolmogoros - smirnov Microsoft excel software, the result shows that all the models are positively and perfectly correlated with correlation coefficient (R²) range (0.615 – 0.984).


We report angular dependent spin rectification spectra which are applied to studying spin excitations in single permalloy stripe. Based on planar Hall effect, those spin excitations generate special resonant dc Hall voltages, which have been characterized as functions of the amplitude and direction of applied magnetic field. Through high angular resolution 2D mappings, the evolutions of different spin excitation can be directly presented, and the dynamic magnetic parameters such as the gyromagnetic ratio, effective exchange field, as well as the quantized numbers of standing spin waves can be accurately determined through fitting the angular evolution of each resonance.


Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) in various binary lipid mixtures of dimysterolphosphatidycholine (DMPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) has been studied. Evidence is given for phase separation in binary mixtures of DMPC/DSPC and DOPC/DSPC which is not found in DMPC/DPPC and DPPC/DSPC mixtures. A rising anisotropy decay has been observed for DPH in binary lipid mixtures containing DSPC and in DSPC liposomes at the phase transition which suggests a heterogeneous environment for the fluorophore at this temperature.


The circular dichroism spectrometer is an excellent tool for the study of the secondary structure of proteins in solution, since every kinds of protein have their apparent CD band in UV region. Generally, a common protein with secondary structure includes five conformations, a-helix, p-sheet, anti-p-sheet, p-turn, and random coil. The experimental CD spectra of the protein are the linear combination of each CD spectrum of the five conformations' . We used the mathematical method of singular value decomposition and least squares (SVDLS) to compile a computer program to solve the in-situ CD spectra of protein under the applied potentials, and got the fraction distribution curves of the five conformation changes. The results obtained were compared with the ones obtained from other programs reported before, such as SELCON3, which indicates that our program is a quick and effective method to solve this problem.


Hot Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition (HWCVD) is shown to be a fast method for the deposition of protocrystalline silicon films from undiluted silane. Intrinsic silicon-hydrogen films (2 µm thick) have been deposited by HWCVD on plain stainless steel as well as on stainless steel precoated with a n-type doped microcrystalline silicon layer. In X-ray diffraction experiments, the linewidths of the first sharp peak (FSP) were 5.59 ± 0.09 degrees and 5.29 ± 0.11 degrees, respectively, indicating improved medium-range order and a template effect due to the µc-Si:H n-layer. For thinner layers (0.7 µm thick), the linewidths of the FSP were 5.29 ± 0.09 degrees and 5.10 ± 0.09 degrees. These FSPs are as narrow as for optimized i-layers made by H2-diluted plasma deposition, however, at a much higher deposition rate (1 nm/s), at moderate temperature (250 °C), and without the use of H 2 dilution. In accompanying transmission electron micrographs, the layers show a significant concentration of elongated small voids in the growth direction that are not interconnected. Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) results are consistent with these observations. We suspect that the void nature allows the bulk of the film to be more ordered. The utilization of such layers in n-i-p solar cells on plain stainless steel leads to cells with a remarkably good stability, showing a decrease of the fill factor of less than 10 % during 1500 h of light soaking.


Nowadays open source software (OSS) development platform are increasingly using social networking-like functions such as microblogging, aiming to use developers' social influence to attract more high quality project participation. However, social influence is largely overlooked in OSS participation research and has often been studied from an economic utility framework in existing literature. Such a framework may be not suitable for analyzing the often non-monetary motivations behind OSS developer participations. We plan to empirically investigate the impacts of word of mouth (WOM) and observational learning (OL) on OSS developers' initial and sustained participation behaviors, using data from a large OSS platform with more than 669,000 projects. Our preliminary results show that social influence has significant but rather different impacts on initial and sustained OSS participation. Specifically, the impacts of WOM on developers' sustained participation faded away after initial participation as they can better evaluate the underlying project and its members' opinion.


Field trips provide compelling venues for teaching students to work with observational data and make important connections between mathematics and science.


Analyzing the media channel usage of companies via analytics is an essential skill for managing social media. To acquire this skill, students must have repetitive exercises that invoke higher order thinking. The social media usage comparative case exam uses the framework of a case-based exam to provide both learning and assessment. The pre-exam consists of the time-consuming analysis of social media usage while students have access to help in using analytics tools. The actual exam uses progressive cognitive (Bloom) level questions that have a core of correct answers which allow for student responses to be consistently graded in a timely manner. The paper describes the thought process behind this exam format that can be applied to context-driven engineering courses.


For the quantitative calculation of the marine ecosystem service value loss caused by the oil spill, the damage assessment standards of marine ecosystem were established here based on the related knowledge of environmentology, ecology, chemistry, ecotoxicology and so on. First, the types of marine ecosystem and their service functions were classified, then the health assessment on the marine ecosystem was conducted by using Index System Method, and the marine ecosystem service function loss rate was calculated by using the sensitivity analysis method. Finally, the marine ecosystem service value loss of polluted sea area was assessed according to the average public value of different marine ecosystems, and the loss caused by the "Tasman Sea" case was calculated by applying the methods above.


As a new type of MOOC,the video opening courses have got attentions and application in higher education. Along with the development of modern informational technique and the sharing of various teaching resources,the exchanges and interaction in education and teaching,inspired new educational reforms have been enhanced. The resources of excellent"opening course"began to spread online. Under the influence of this upsurge,China' s Ministry of Education has started the construction of video opening course in universities and colleges.


In a video scene, motion estimation (ME) can be studied on a dense field (optical flow) or on image structures or regions. Image structures can be deduced from the motion itself or formerly deduced by a segmentation. A scheme of ME, funded on a Bayesian segmentation using a Potts‐Markov model, has lead to a "region‐matching" ME scheme. Bayesian segmentation has been operated, with the same model, in the wavelet domain and has shown an interesting gain in segmentation speed. In the present work we have synthesized both approaches to demonstrate a new scheme of region‐matching ME which uses the hierarchical property of the multiscale segmentation scheme. A bottom‐top ME is built from the hierarchical segmentation in the wavelet domain. We show that a hierarchical, region‐based, ME, can provide an interesting approach w.r.t. the necessity of ME robustness as well as its scalability, in a region (or object) ‐based compression scheme. This approach is to be compared with recent developments like the "structure from motion" (SfM) in [15], based on Bayesian inference and sequential Monte Carlo methods, and the "trace model" for object (face) detection and tracking in [12] (see also [13]).


Air breakdown in sub- and supersonic flows induced by the subcritical streamer discharge and the effect of the initiator shape on breakdown conditions are studied. Experiments with varying the electric field strength and air pressure show that the ability of electromagnetic vibrators to initiate air breakdown has a resonant character. Placing a small electromagnetic vibrator in a microwave beam allows one to initiate air breakdown with a field strength in the microwave beam which is significantly smaller than the critical breakdown strength. The dependencies of the critical intensity of the electric field on the pressure and location of the initiator are reported. The dependence of the field amplification coefficient at the vibrator edge on the screen dimensions is presented at different lengths and widths of the screen.


The superalloy GH586 was brazed with BNi82CrSiB and BNi81CrB amorphous foils for different holding time.The joint strength was tested.The microstructure and fracture surface were analyzed by SEM and EDS.The results show that,when prolonging the brazing time(60min),alloy elements distributed more uniformly in the brazed seam and the diffusion area,and the joint strength not only at room temperature but also at 930℃ was increased.Also the joint tensile properties were increased by adjusting chemical compositions of nickel base filler alloys,and the joint strength at 930℃ was increased 22.5%.The joint fracture occurred at the base metal near the brazed seam,with an intergranular fracture mode.The influence of elements Si and B on the joint microstructures and properties was also discussed.


Objectives
To analyze the nursing methods and measures of THP bladder instillation for the prevention of postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer.

Methods
47 cases of patients treated with THP bladder instillation after surgeries from November 2012 to November 2014 were included to perform the retrospective analysis. The nursing during the treatment was intensified. The period time of follow-up was 3 years.

Results
Tumor free survival rates after 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up was 89.4%, 83.0% and 78.7% respectively. The occurrence rates of adverse effects after 1, 2 and 8 weeks of bladder instillation was 29.8%, 10.6% and 2.1% respectively.

Conclusions
The instillation of THP can efficiently prevent the recurrence of bladder caner. In the meantime, comprehensive and careful nursing can better observe the patient's condition, the toxic effects and side effects. The extensive nursing plays an important role in the prevention of bladder cancer treated with instillation of THP, which should be paid more attention.

Key words:
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Cystectomy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local