Lintner has been a major contributor in the dividend policy debate. This paper verifies applicability of Lintner's Dividend Model relating to listed companies of manufacturing sector in Pakistan Stock Exchange. Furthermore, this study highlights the stability of dividend payout by performing sector-wise analysis. The study used panel data from 2004 to 2011. The effect of lagged dividend and current earning is examined on current dividend. Tobit regression model, as well as fixed/random effect model are employed for data analysis on the basis of Hausman test. Results indicate that dividend payout in different Pakistani firms of manufacturing sector is depending on lagged value of dividend and current earnings. While overall manufacturing sector firms of Pakistan have a consistent dividend payout dispensation, sector-wise adjustment speeds reveal that smoothening of dividend payout is not happening. It is suggested that profitability and growth of manufacturing sector firms in the long run should be the target for regulators and government policy makers in Pakistan which would in turn lead to good dividend payout to investors.


A new structure including igniter electrode is proposed to achieve a low sustaining voltage and high luminous efficacy. By measuring minimum sustaining voltage(Vsm), discharge current(Ion), displacement current(Ioff) and brightness of the light from a 6‐inch AC PDP, performances of the conventional structure and the igniter structure are compared. When compared with the conventional structure, the igniter structure showed 10% Vsm improvement at the Ne‐Xe(10%) gas mixture of 600 mbar. Therefore, we could apply the higher partial pressure of Ne‐Xe(12%) to the igniter structure, which results in 42% luminous efficacy improvement at the similar sustaining voltage range.


The invention relates to a three-phase electric energy meter based on a C8051F310SOC single chip. The electric energy meter comprises a central processor, a clock module, a storage module, a 485 communication module, an external key, an AD acquisition module, a voltage comparator module and a power supply feed circuit; the electric energy meter takes C8051F310 as the central processor of a system, and a display part is connected with a master control chip through a SPT interface to perform SPI communication; the clock module is PCF8563, 8 pins thereof are in dual in-line package, and the clock module is connected with the master control chip; a storage module is AT24C16, 8 pins thereof are in dual in-line package, and the storage module shares an IIC bus with a clock chip PCF8563; a central chip of the 485 communication module is MAX485E, 8 pins thereof are in dual in-line package, and the 485 communication module is connected with an upper computer and is responsible for network communication with the upper computer; the external key is connected to a pin of a master control chip P3.4; the AD acquisition module mainly comprises a sensor, a signal conditioning module and ADC in a C8051F310 sheet; and the voltage comparator module is connected to a comparator input pin inside the master control chip. The electric energy meter has the advantages of high metering precision, low cost, simplicity, reliability and so on, and the meter energy meter has extremely strong reconfigurability, and is particularly suitable for popularization in civil electric meters.


Background & Objective: Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies are emerging therapeutic approaches that aim to target malignant cells resistant to conventional treatments and T cell-based immunotherapies. Existing oncology drugs may enhance the anti-cancer function of NK cells, although large-scale high-throughput testing of NK cell-drug combinations has not been previously attempted. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of approved and investigational oncology drugs to synergize with NK cell-based immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with the aim to discover both potentiating and inhibiting compounds.
 Methods: A high-throughput drug sensitivity and resistance screen including 528 oncology drugs was combined with expanded NK cells to evaluate their cytotoxicity against luciferase-expressing AML cells (MOLM-14). The most prominent drugs were investigated further with single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal underlying biological mechanisms.
 Results: Overall, 191 drugs had an inhibitory effect on cytotoxicity, 294 had no effect, and 43 had an enhancing effect. The most notable NK cell cytotoxicity-potentiating drugs were pevonedistat (NEDD8 inhibitor), daporinad (NAMPT inhibitor), and JAK inhibitors. These drugs also induced distinct changes in NK and target cell transcriptional profiles. When combined with NK cells, pevonedistat and daporinad induced an upregulation of HLA-E and CXCL10 in target cells. In addition, MYC and FLT3 proto-oncogenes were downregulated in target cells when combining NK cells with pevonedistat. Moreover, in NK cells, daporinad induced dysregulated expression of genes related to NK cell effector functions such as TYROBP, TXNIP and KLRC1. Treatment with JAK inhibitors downregulated MHC I expression on target cells, providing a putative mechanism for increased NK cell activity. Validation of key hits is ongoing in additional AML cell lines.
 Conclusion: We discovered novel drugs with both potentiating and inhibiting effects on NK cell cytotoxicity against AML cells in vitro. Our results demonstrate the potential of using a high-throughput framework for studying NK cell-drug interactions against malignant cells, while aiming to improve treatment for AML and other malignancies through combination immunotherapies.
 Citation Format: Jonas O. Bouhlal, Petra Nygren, Essi Laajala, Aleksandr Ianevski, Jay Klievink, Hanna Lähteenmäki, Khalid Saeed, Dean Lee, Tero Aittokallio, Olli Dufva, Satu Mustjoki. High-throughput screening and single-cell transcriptomics identify synergies between oncology drugs and natural killer cell immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2912.


Collapsing supermassive stars (M ≳ 3 × 104 M ☉) at high redshifts can naturally provide seeds and explain the origin of the supermassive black holes observed in the centers of nearly all galaxies. During the collapse of supermassive stars, a burst of non-thermal neutrinos is generated with a luminosity that could greatly exceed that of a conventional core collapse supernova explosion. In this work, we investigate the extent to which the neutrinos produced in these explosions can be observed via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS). Large scale direct dark matter detection experiments provide particularly favorable targets. We find that upcoming 𝒪(100) tonne-scale experiments will be sensitive to the collapse of individual supermassive stars at distances as large as 𝒪(10) Mpc.


We present findings of extracranial color Doppler sonography in patients with internal carotid artery dissection consistent with those of magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. In color Doppler sonography, the direct diagnostic signs likely to be present are linear hyperechoic intimal flap crossing the vessel lumen, eccentric hypoechoic thrombus formation, bi-directional flow in the true and false lumen, respectively and damped systolic spectral waveform with reverse diastolic flow. Indirect signs indicating internal carotid artery dissection are biphasic Doppler waveform and regional turbulent flow. In addition, the absence of atherosclerotic wall change is an important finding suggestive of nonatherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion. These findings indicate that color Doppler sonography combined with MR angiography may be an alternative diagnostic tool to the conventional angiography in the confirmation diagnosis of the dissection of internal carotid artery. Color Doppler sonography still can not entirely replace the angiographic study; Color Doppler sonography helps to indicate angiography and serves as an alternative during follow-up studies. Sequent examinations prove helpful in determining the duration of anticoagulant treatment.


Objective To investigate the sensitization of the human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 to cisplatin by Bcl-2 siRNA.Methods After transfection of bcl2-siRNA 48 hours according to the manufacturer's protocol,A549 cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin(0,0.5,1,2,3 μg/mL).48 hours later,the viability of cells was detected by cell counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay according to the manufacturer's protocol.Real time RT-PCR was used to detect changes of Bcl-2 mRNA level after transfection of bcl2-siRNA.And western blot analysis was used to detect changes of Bcl-2 protein level after that.Results After transfection with bcl2-siRNA,the expression level of Bcl-2 mRNA in A549 cells decreased by 93.2%(P = 0.037),and the protein level decreased sharply,compared with the one transfected with negative control mimics.Meanwhile the sensitivity to cisplatin in A549 cells rose 69.8%(P = 0.024).Conclusion Bcl2-siRNA is successfully used to silence the expression level of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein,and to enhance the sensitivity to cisplatin in A549 cells line.


Abstract Cobalt(III) chelates of lawsone, HL (2-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthalenedione), 3-chlorolawsone, phthiocol (3-methytlawsone) and their 1-oximes have been synthesised from chloropentamminecobalt(III) chloride via ligand replacement reactions. The analytical and thermogravimetric data indicate that the chelates have the general molecular composition CoL3·nH2O where n = 4 or 5. The spectral data reveal that O-O in lawsones and N-O in lawsonemonoximes coordinate with Co(III). An octahedral geometry is suggested for the chelates. Preliminary antimicrobial studies show that the activity of the ligands diminishes on chelation.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum galactomannan (GM) positivity for invasive aspergillosis (IA) in children. Positive GM results between January 2015 and August 2017 were reviewed retrospectively in children with hematologic malignancies. Single and consecutive positive GM results were evaluated according to the different galactomannan index (GMI) (>0.5, >0.7, >1.0 and >1.5) values. There were 104 positive GM results of 70 patients. IA was identified in 29 patients (41.4%) (2 proven and 27 probable). For a single positive GMI of >0.5, >0.7, >1.0, and >1.5, the numbers were 104, 76, 57, and 32 and the positive predictive values (PPVs) were 39.4%, 43.2%, 47.2%, and 50.0%, respectively. The single GM positivity at different thresholds showed no difference between the IA and non-IA group (P>0.05). For 2 consecutive positive GMI values of >0.5, >0.7, >1.0, and >1.5, the numbers were 34, 20, 13, and 4, and the PPVs were 58.8%, 65.0%, 84.6%, and 100.0%, respectively. In the IA group, positivity was higher at all thresholds (P<0.05). According to our findings, consecutive GM positivity has higher PPVs independently from the cutoff value chosen. In pediatric patients with high risk, consecutive sampling should be preferred.


In Brazil, approximately one third of the household food budget is spent on food services. However, as it has only recently become an important consumer activity, there are few studies on this growing trend, particularly related to the consumer behavior, a fact observed upon a literature review. Mostly, there is a need for studies that adopt an interpretive and postmodern approach. Thus, this work intends to be part of a discussion on postmodern consumption by assuming that people eat outside home not only to satisfy hunger, but also to socialize and to have a good time, which turns this activity emotionally meaningful and charged with a high level of symbolism. Therefore, the objective study aim is to understand the meanings that people give to the food services when eating away from home. To this end, the work was based on the postmodern consumption perspective, experiential consumption, anthropology of consumption, and consumer culture. An ethnographic investigation combining non-participant observation and in-depth interviews was used to achieve a deep contextual knowledge, both verbal and nonverbal. The results showed that the consumption of food away from home is a complex and multifaceted consumer phenomenon. It was found that consumers interpret the consumption of food away from home as an activity that can be convenient, risky as well as a pleasurable opportunity for a time out. The consumption was associated to negative and positive feelings, with the prevalence of the latest. Eating out can be and extraordinary experience, especially when it sets up a context of otherness and of a escape from everyday reality. In addition, eating out can also be considered a way toward the self-definition of a person through the development of taste and the build up of status symbols. Furthermore, the work demonstrates how the food away from home falls within the five propositions of a postmodern consumption: hyperrreality, fragmentation, reversal of consumption and production, decentering of the subject, and the paradoxical juxtaposition (of opposites). It is understood that these results have theoretical, methodological, and managerial implications for the discipline of marketing, in particular for the foodservice industry.


Effect of ZnAl2O4 nanofillers concentration on the physical and electrochemical properties of electrospun P(VdF-co-HFP) based nanocomposite electrolyte membranes were studied. By optimizing the spinning process parameters, the bead free and an average range (0.5–1.0 µm) of diametered fibrous membranes were developed using an electrospinning technique. The nanocomposite fibrous membrane with 5 wt% ZnAl2O4 fillers showed reduction of crystallinity, good thermal stability and smooth morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The fibrous P(VdF-co-HFP) copolymer and nanocomposite P(VdF-co-HFP)/ZnAl2O4 polymer electrolytes were prepared by soaking the prepared electrospun fibrous membranes in 1 M LiPF6 in EC: DEC (1 : 1, v/v) and evaluated the wet-ability properties by electrolyte uptake method. The activated nanocomposite fibrous polymer electrolyte membrane with 5 wt% ZnAl2O4 fillers content shows high ionic conductivity of 1.59×10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature and good electrochemical stability window higher than 4.3 V. Electrochemical performance of Li/PE, NCPE/LiCoO2 CR 2032 coin cells containing the prepared fibrous polymer electrolyte (PE) and nanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) membranes with 5 wt% ZnAl2O4 filler content is evaluated at current density 0.1 C-rate over the potential range 2.8–4.2 V.


In "Dimensions of Ethical Direct-to-Consumer Neurotechnologies," Kreitmair identifies various ethical dimensions meant to guide which consumer neurotechnologies ought to be available for purchase to the general public. The proposed ethical dimensions are meant to ensure said technologies support, or at least do not impair, human flourishing. Attention paid toward human flourishing has occupied an important place in western ethical thought stretching back to at least Aristotle's ethics. While the paper makes reference to virtue ethical concerns, some of the dimensions, as described (though not all), seem to be more at home in deontological guidelines for medical practice. For instance, some dimensions nicely fit under the well-established principle of 'respect for autonomy.' As a result, the focus on human flourishing can be seen as more of an addendum to previously existing guidelines, rather than a new approach to the ethics of direct-to-consumer (DTC) goods. Of course, deontology does not have an exclusive claim to the importance of personal autonomy, and early on the paper notes that respect for autonomy has a long history of importance in the literature on human flourishing. Beyond this initial acknowledgement, however, the connection to human flourishing sometime falls out of view. Accordingly, the paper would benefit from a stronger connection with at least some accounts of human flourishing throughout all seven of the identified ethical dimensions. This stronger connection would help support the paper's compelling argument that a renewed focus on what the ancient Greeks called eudaimonia could greatly improve ethical guidelines for the availability of emerging neuroethologies. As noted earlier, I see at least two dimensions identified in the paper being understood as promoting the general principle of respect for personal autonomy, namely Transparency and Privacy. As Beauchamp and Childress (2001) define it, personal autonomy involves "self-rule that is free from both controlling interference by others and from limitations... that prevent meaningful choice." The ethical dimension of Transparency is explained by Kreitmair as "the user [knowing] what she is buying" (157). Awareness of what one is buying, or opening themselves up to, can be easily connected to those principles which justify informed consent. And informed consent, of course, is closely linked with the principle of respect for autonomy. Consumers should realize what exactly they are either opting into, or any potential risks to which they have opened themselves up. Similarly, the dimension of privacy can also be understood as respecting an individual's autonomy, as the risk Kreitmair rightly points out regarding companies having access to deeply personal information about their customers could contribute to predatory advertising, thereby robbing consumers of any kind of meaningful choice regarding their purchases. None of my discussion of respect for autonomy here is meant to undercut the importance of the aforementioned guidelines. But how exactly respect for personal autonomy directly links up with human flourishing can demonstrate why highlighting Transparency and Privacy does not mark any borrowing of justification from principles of deontological ethics. A further benefit here is that it supports the paper's stated intention to not be a general application of biomedical ethical principles, since such principles are meant to guide professional behavior, rather than the availability of DTC goods. Kreitmair, understandably, notes that a full-throated defense of a particular account of human flourishing would be its own ambitious project, outside the scope of the paper. So my identification of one possible account of human flourishing is meant to support the claims of the paper rather than demonstrate any kind of argumentative gap. Instead, I hope to show how well the arguments in Kreitmair's paper work with some contemporary work on human flourishing. With this preliminary out of the way, I would like to suggest Lorraine Besser's account of human flourishing as a potential ally for Kreitmair's account. Beyond compatibility with those ethical dimensions highlighted throughout Kreitmair's paper, Besser's own arguments have the virtue of being well-supported by empirical findings. While it is not a necessarily a requirement for a legitimate account of human flourishing to have empirical grounding, I think it can make the account a better match for guidelines meant to have a practical application. Supported by a comprehensive review of the relevant psychological


Nowadays,the application of emergency broadcasting system has play an improtant role in the Radio Television System as it brings huge social wealth to the countries.In this paper,it analyze the emergency broadcasting systems in USA,Europe and Asia,and describes the current situation of the system in our country.According to both oversea and domestic experiences,it points out the functions and advantages in constructing the emergency broadcasting system.


Data derived from minirhizotrons, tubes installed in the field for observation of root growth, can suffer from particular conditions at the interface between tube and soil. These include the interface being excessively tight―leading to under observation of roots―or to gaps between wall and soil―leading to visibility problems and over-proliferation of roots at the wall. Details are presented for a minirhizotron designed to overcome these problems by use of flexible and constantly pressurized outer walls. The 0.5-mm thick, clear polyvinyl outer wall is concentric with and sealed to an inner wall of extruded acrylic (...)


FIELD: mining. SUBSTANCE: method of control of dragline excavator bucket comprising the setting of control signals by the rotation speed of lifting, traction and rotation drives, regulation of rotation speed of these drives, formation by the pre-set and current values of tension forces in lifting and traction ropes of control signals by forces in these ropes is offered, then these signals are compared by the force with the corresponding signals by the rotation speed of lifting and traction drives with the subsequent separation from the compared signals of the maximum signals, the separated control signal of the lifting drive is fed to the input of the unit of control of rotation speed of the lifting drive directly, the separated control signal of the traction drive is fed to the input of the unit of control of rotation speed of the traction drive through the first main operated key, a control signal of the rotation drive is fed to the input of the unit of control of rotation speed of the rotation drive through the second the main operated key. Besides, the current lengths of lifting and traction ropes are measured, in addition the distances to two boundaries of the bucket position of in a face with reference to face brow are measured. The lengths of traction ropes corresponding to the bucket position on the named boundaries, and the length of lifting ropes corresponding to the bucket position on the boundary of bucket braking are pre-set; the level of limitation of a control signal of the traction drive at the bucket position on the boundary of restriction of bucket speed and additional force of tension of lifting ropes at the bucket position on the boundary of bucket braking. During excavation the current lengths of lifting and traction ropes are compared with their preset values to the named boundaries. Also the device for control of movement of dragline excavator bucket comprising the units of control of rotation speed of lifting, traction and rotation drives, units of separation of control signals of lifting and traction drives, the inputs of which are connected to outputs of the corresponding setting device of rotation speed of these drives and regulators of tension forces of lifting and traction ropes is offered, the first input of each of the latter is connected to an output of the corresponding setting device of tension force of ropes, and the second - to an output of the corresponding converter of tension force of ropes, meanwhile the input of the unit of control of rotation speed of the lifting drive is connected directly to an output of the unit of separation of control signal of the lifting drive, the input of the unit of control of rotation speed of the traction drive is connected to an output of the first main operated key, and the input of the unit of control of rotation speed of the rotation drive is connected through the second operated key to an output of the setting device of rotation speed of this drive, and also converters of length of lifting and traction ropes. The device is additionally fitted with three nonlinear elements, four additional operated keys, an element of limitation of a control signal of the traction drive and a setting device of additional tension of lifting ropes. Meanwhile the input of the first nonlinear element is connected to an output of the converter of length of lifting ropes, and inputs of the second and third nonlinear elements - to an output of the converter of length of traction ropes, the output of the first nonlinear element is connected to the operating input of the first additional key, the output of the second nonlinear element is connected to the operating inputs of the second and third additional keys, the output of the third nonlinear element is connected to the operating input of the first and second main keys and the fourth additional key. The input of the first main key is connected to an output of the unit of allocation of control signal of the traction drive through the first and second additional keys, and also through the first additional key, an element of limitation of control signal of the traction drive and the third additional key. The fourth additional key is included between an output of a setting device of an additional tension of lifting ropes and the third input of the regulator of a tension of lifting ropes. EFFECT: improved characteristics. 4 cl, 2 dwg


Ultrafast soliton mode-locked fiber laser was successfully generated in zirconia-yttria-alumina (Zr-Y-Al) co-doped erbium-doped fiber laser cavity using a single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as saturable absorber. The laser cavity was 11.5 m long with the group delay dispersion of -0.04 ps2. The laser generates soliton pulse train with a center wavelength and 3 dB bandwidth of 1564.2 nm and 3.8 nm, respectively at pump power of 92 mW. Meanwhile, the repetition rate, pulse duration and pulse energy were 17.7 MHz, 770 fs and 51.4 nJ.


A seven –week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of utilizing selected agro-industrial wastes as economically viable alternative dietary fibre and energy sources for the production of weaner pig. Twenty four weaner pigs comprising of 12 males and 12 females were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each diet was assigned six pigs in three replicates of two pigs per replicate. The different proportion of BDG and PKC were 20% in treatments II and III respectively while, treatment IV had equal weights (10%) of PKC and BDG. However, Diet I (control) contained 20% of wheat bran. During feeding, Parameters such as weekly weight gain (WWG), final weight gain (FWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and total production cost per pig (naira) were determined. The result showed that average weekly weight gained by the pigs ranged from 2.90 to 3.50kg, final weight gain ranged from 29.80 to 31.40kg, feed intake ranged from 9.0 to 9.19kg and feed conversion ratio ranged from 2.77 to 3.27kg across the treatments respectively. Diet III which contained palm kernel cake performed significantly (p < 0.05) better than other treatments in terms of dietary fibre and energy source for weaner pigs. A combination of equal proportion of PKC and BDG in diet IV supported better weight gain in the pigs. Finally, diet IV gave the highest return on investment in terms of total revenue/pig.


The purpose of this article is to present the development of Housing Complexes PAD, which arises from the improvement of the Buenos Aires neighborhood (Soacha). This is to propose new housing that seeks to generate an integration of its inhabitants through different spaces, such as joint productive areas, unified gardens and socialization zones, as well as generating homes better adapted to their needs in which they offer better comfort and better spatiality (order and dimensions) of their interior areas; It also takes into account the participatory design in which they are linked to the inhabitants and contribute to the design to generate an improvement of their living conditions.


Objective To evaluate accuracy and consistency of the coagulation convention that involves PT,INR,APTT,Fib on two coagulation analyzers(stago CT type and stago RE type from France Stago company) in our department.Methods The supporting calibrator was used to calibrate the two coagulation analyzers,and the quality control substance was used to assess the stability of conventional coagulation;the accuracy and consistency of the coagulation convention were evaluated by comparison test.Results The percentage of variation coefficient(CV) of the four test results were in line with the standard of quality assessment of coagulation chamber of Ministry of Health Clinical Laboratory Center.Stago CT-based test results of blood coagulation analyzer had a good relationship with stago RE-type blood coagulation analyzer value,except the r of Fib was 0.959 8,correlation coefficient of the remaining test items were higher than 0.975.Conclusion The comparison of these four tests results(PT,INR,APTT,Fib) on different blood coagulation analyzers effectively improves the comparability of different blood coagulation analyzer,and effectively ensures the accuracy and precision of test results and the quality of the inspection.


Decision makers in the tourism sector face real challenges. There is no chance to access a unified data source that can supply information to meet their inquiries and expectations. In this paper, we propose a data warehouse system for supporting the decision makers in the Egyptian tourism sector. The methodology followed to build this system is descried in details to guide the other developing countries who are trying to support their decision makers in the tourism sector by building a similar data warehouse system. In addition, we evaluated the tourism data warehouse system. The results of evaluation indicated that it can meet the needs and requirements of the decision makers in the tourism sector.


Rapidly growing urbanization and industrialization make up many challenges for waste management bodies and energy demand to progress, leading to Pakistan being an energy-demanding country. Currently, Pakistan is mostly dependent upon nonrenewable sources, which are costly. The rapid population growth increased the municipal solid waste (SW) products that lead to many waste management problems, i.e., the requirement of an effective waste collection system and waste disposal facilities. Thus, the purpose of the study is to propose a solution for the issues, i.e., to improve the municipal solid waste disposal system by digitizing through GIS, to recommend an appropriate point of WTE plant, to suggest a suitable re-routing network through state-of-art sensors for accessible data collection online, and to optimize the existing landfill sites for improved management and handling of SW for the Lahore city.


Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses a recently published report from the Government on the response to proposals concerning the regulation of nursing associates in England.


Based on the theoretical analysis on institution,the theories of institution change and transaction costs of new institutionalism meet with the need for the governance of public crises in risk society effectively.From the perspective of new institutionalism,public crises in risk society are institutional crises caused by the practice of human beings.The change and creation of institutions is the basis of governance of public crisis.Both the governance of public crisis and the change and creation of its governance institutions need transaction costs.The governance of public crisis needs to transfer the notion of passive response to the notion of active governance to public crisis,transferring the notion of stationary stability to the notion of development stability,and needs to strengthen the society's sense of responsibility and sense of costs to the governance of crisis,to establish a normal mechanism to release relative information.To achieve effective governance of public crisis,we must break path dependence to innovation the crisis governance system and establish a crisis governance institution to reduce transaction costs on the governance of public crisis.


A series of enantiopure crystalline aryl benzyl sulfoxides, bearing different substituents on both the aryl groups, were synthesized by an enantioselective oxidation of the corresponding sulfides. Structural investigations, achieved by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, allowed us to recognize the main assembling interactions. The same procedure was repeated for some corresponding fluorinated aryl benzyl sulfoxides. The synthesis of the enantiomers of a new fluorinated compound, which shows unusual structural patterns, prompted us to compare the structural motifs of the two families of sulfoxides (fluorinated and unfluorinated) and to investigate the changes due to the fluorine substitution. Some short contacts involving the fluorine atom were discussed in more details, taking into account the recent interest in these sometimes controversial interactions.


Objective To compare the success rate of pressure wave and lost of resistance during epidural catheter placement.Methods A total of 400 epidural anesthesia patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Epidural catheter placement were comfirmed by sine pressure wave(pressure dynamic graph,Group T,n=200) or lost of resistance(Group C,n=200) respectively. The time of epidural puncture,catheter placement,success rate were recorded. In addition,epidural pressure waves were also recorded.Results There was no significant difference in the time of puncture and catheter placement between the two groups. The success rate in group P was higher than that in group C(100% vs. 94%,P0.01) . The tip of needle reaching epidural space was confirmed when the sine pressure wave became evident.Conclusion The success rate of epidural catheter placement can be increased by the sine pressure waveform without prolonging the procedure time.


This research aims to determine the effect of Regional Original Revenue/Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD, Population and Economic Growth on Regional Expenditures of North Sumatra Province in 2013-2015. The analytical method used in this research is a quantitative method with multiple linier regression by testing the classical assumptions. The results of this research concluded that the Regional Original Revenue, Population and Economic Growth significantly influence the Regional Expenditure in the Regency/City Region of North Sumatra Province. Partially Regional Original Revenue and Population have a significant influence, while Economic Growth has insignificant influence to the Regional Expenditure Keywords


In the late Ming dynasty in wujiang,there formed Wu Meng Tang clan writers,Ye Shao-yuan,Shen Yi-xiu and their four daughters and seven sons are the center of this group,which included Ye and Shen clan more than 20 persons.The group had two characteristics : Firstly,they were folks,and the clan literature continued several generations;Secondly,not only Ye Shao-yuan and his descendents with Ye Xie as the standout,but also Shen Yi-xiu and her daughters were of great literary talent,especially in the female literature.


The motor efficiency is to be increased by lowering the rotor temperature. Therefore, an electric machine with a stator (1), a rotor (2) which cooperates with the stator (1) magnetic, a housing (4, 5, 6), the stator (1) and the rotor (2) surrounds, and a hollow shaft (3), on which the rotor (2) is arranged and on the housing (4, 5, 6) is mounted proposed. At the vent side (B) a radial fan (10) is provided on the hollow shaft (3) rotationally fixed. A portion (13) of a fan blade (11) of the radial fan (10) extends further axially away from the housing than the hollow shaft (3). In the hollow shaft (3) a guide member (17) is arranged with a radially extending plate, wherein the plate is disposed axially further away from the housing than the end face of the hollow shaft on the venting side (B). Thus, there is an internal coolant flow (18) from the portion (13) of the fan blade (11) of the radial fan (10) from the hollow shaft (3) through a passage between the end face (9) of the hollow shaft (3) on the ventilation side and the plate conveyed radially outward.


The political scientist shares a responsibility for political education with his friend the politician. He shies away, however, from "state capital tours" no matter how well disguised in academic terminology. The college and university-level teacher wishes to make certain that the close relationship between his work in the realm of "practical" political education and the more conventional academic approach is made clear to his students. Whitman College has thus, in recent years, conducted an experiment which combines political education with more conventional academic programs, inaugurating, in 1961-62, a program in which a group of students conduct their own case study research.' The collectively researched "group case study" described in this article has developed as the result.


The history of anthropology is one of both challenging and affirming boundaries. As a new science, anthropology challenged nineteenth-century models of rational, positivist and empiricist thought. The notion that the study of society and culture was a valid and credible enterprise, that is to say compatible with scientific modes of enquiry and not merely humanist speculation, came with supporting the scientific paradigms de jour of diffusionist and evolutionist theories. At the same time, as a 'new' science anthropology had to prove its pragmatic and disciplinary worth as an effective research tool through the promotion and assistance of colonial rule; a relationship that further enabled the survival of anthropology as a distinct discipline. The founding of anthropology was based on a break from the bounds of what was traditionally considered science in order to establish itself as a separate discipline, a 'social' science of culture and human relationships, but in so doing, it entered the bonds of assisting the state, and by extension, colonial rule.


Modern software engineering projects often depend on open-source software libraries, rendering them vulnerable to potential security issues in these libraries. Developers of client projects have to stay alert of security threats in the software dependencies. While there are existing tools that allow developers to assess if a library vulnerability is reachable from a project, they face limitations. Call graph-only approaches may produce false alarms as the client project may not use the vulnerable code in a way that triggers the vulnerability, while test generation-based approaches faces difficulties in overcoming the intrinsic complexity of exploiting a vulnerability, where extensive domain knowledge may be required to produce a vulnerability-triggering input. In this work, we propose a new framework named Test Mimicry, that constructs a test case for a client project that exploits a vulnerability in its library dependencies. Given a test case in a software library that reveals a vulnerability, our approach captures the program state associated with the vulnerability. Then, it guides test generation to construct a test case for the client program to invoke the library such that it reaches the same program state as the library's test case. Our framework is implemented in a tool, TRANSFER, which uses search-based test generation. Based on the library's test case, we produce search goals that represent the program state triggering the vulnerability. Our empirical evaluation on 22 real library vulnerabilities and 64 client programs shows that TRANSFER outperforms an existing approach, SIEGE; TRANSFER generates 4x more test cases that demonstrate the exploitability of vulnerabilities from client projects than SIEGE.


An overview is given of a knowledge-based testability insertion guidance expert system (TIGER) that provides designers with a systematic approach for creating complex, testable designs. Specifically, this system identifies testability problems early in the design cycle, formulates a test strategy for the design, does 'what-if' exploration of DFT (design for testability) solutions, plans the invocation of gate-level test tools on design partitions, and develops a low-cost solution to the test problem that satisfies the design goals and constraints. Also described are the experimental results obtained using the system on several real designs.<<ETX>>


Six diverse lines of tomato were crossed with six testers in line x tester mating fashion to study some plant and fruit characteristics. The experiment was conducted at the Exp. Farm, Fac. of Environ. Agric. Sci., El Arish, Suez Canal Univ., Egypt, during the period from 2012 to 2014. The test of significance and performance revealed that the genotypes, parents and crosses mean squares were highly significant for all studied traits, except number of branches/ plant. The overall mean of F1's surpassed their parents in all traits, except fruit firmness and total soluble solids percentage (T.S.S.%). The mean of F1's exceeded the check hybrid in some traits; viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, total number of fruits/plant, yield/plant and total soluble solids percentage (T.S.S.%). In the remaining traits the overall mean of F1's was lower than that of parents and the check hybrid. However, this did not imply the absence of superior hybrids than mid-parents or the check hybrid. Heritability estimates in broad sense were high for all traits, except it was low for total yield/plant, Heritability in narrow sense was low for all studied traits. The percentage of G.C.V/P.C.V. was high for all studied characters, except it was moderate for total yield/plant. Significant or highly significant positive correlations were found between: Plant height with number of branches per plant and vitamin C content. Also, total number of fruits/plant with yield/plant. yield/plant with average fruit weight and Fruit firmness. Significant or highly significant negative correlations were found between: total number of fruits/plant with average fruit weight and fruit firmness. keywords: Performance, heritability, correlation coefficients, tomato hybrid, T.S.S.


We present calculated average multiplet energies for spin-dependent strong-field e m t 2 n configurations of d N ions in T d or O h point symmetry in terms of the Griffith parameters a, b,..., j. The calculations have analogies with the effective-crystal-field approach of Fazzio, Caldas, and Zunger for the spin-independent case [Phys. Rev. B 30, 3430 (1984)]. By using empirically determined parameters from the observed multiplet splittings the total-energy separations of the spin-dependent configurations can be derived


We examine the role played by a linear dynamical network's topology in inference of its eigenvalues from noisy impulse-response data. Specifically, for a canonical linear time-invariant network dynamics, we relate the Cramer-Rao bounds on eigenvalue estimator performance (from impulse-response data) to structural properties of the transfer function, and in turn to the network's topological structure. We focus especially on networks with a slow-coherence structure, in which case we find that stimulus and observation in each strongly-connected network component is needed for high-fidelity estimation.


Until now, the major problem of methane conversion is to break the very strong C-H bond. It is possible by employing some catalytic methods. However, the formation of carbon powder diminishes the catalytic performance. The use of a gliding arc, described in this work, has two objectives: the hydrogen production and other syngas such as acetylene, and the treatment of the green house gas methane. A good approximation model describing the chemical processes concerning the methane decomposition is described, first by the interaction of key radicals such as CH3 and H, followed by chemical reactions involving other hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrated the ability of the gliding arc to accelerate chemical reactions at low temperatures while decreasing energetic cost.


On July 4, 2005, Deep Impact struck the surface of Comet 9P/ Tempel 1, excavating a large cloud of material from deep inside the nucleus of the comet. King et al. (2007) and A'Hearn et al. (2008) have studied the properties of ejected material that crossed the limb of the comet. As a follow-up, we observe the shadow on the surface of the nucleus to analyze the material before it crosses the limb. In this study, we attempt to create a three-dimensional model of the cloud of ejecta to estimate the optical depth and albedo of particles within the layers of Tempel 1's nucleus. This will allow us to constrain the composition of these particles. We use images taken by the Medium Resolution Instrument (MRI) along with SPICE data and the Shape model to determine how light naturally falls onto the surface near the impact site. From this information, we measure the brightness around the impact site as a function of time due to the shadow created by the ever-changing cloud of ejecta. Next, we will create a three-dimensional model of the cloud to determine which parts of the cloud are creating the corresponding areas of the shadow. This allows for an estimation of the optical depth of the cloud. This study has implications for understanding the layering present within short-period comets, for it may tell us something about the materials that were around during the evolution of the Solar System. A'Hearn, M. F., et al.. Optical Depth and Albedo of the Deep Impact Ejecta in the First Minutes. ACM, 2008. King, A., M, et al, The Properties of Comet Tempel 1 as Determined Through the Cometary Ejecta. BAAS 38, 449 (DPS 2007). Further Information: Contact: Wil Barnett: email@example.com Mike A'Hearn: firstname.lastname@example.com Tony Farnham: firstname.lastname@example.com Susan Hoban: firstname.lastname@example.com • All data and information used for the research in this project can be found at http://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/ • Additional images and movies gathered during the Deep Impact mission of Tempel 1 can be found at http://deepimpact.umd.edu/ • This research was made possible by the NASA PDS Small Bodies Node and the College Student Investigators. Introduction I am currently a senior at the University of Maryland, College Park and am an employed student researcher with the PDS Small Bodies Node. I have been working for the last year with SBN regarding the Deep Impact mission and comet 9P/ Tempel 1. The goals for the project are clearly stated in the abstract below, however analysis of the data has only just begun. Qualitative results along with descriptions of how I will go about analyzing the data is presented here in this poster. The above eight images exhibit how the ejecta plume caused by the Deep Impact impactor developed as a function of time. The collision occurred at 5:52 UTC on July 4, 2005. As one can see, the arrows highlight the shadowed regions on or caused by the cone of ejecta, which are imperative to my research. Each image displayed above was taken with the High Resolution Instrument (HRI) imager on board the satellite. Exactly 0.84 seconds elapsed between each image seen above. Check out http://www.nasa.gov/mov/121520main_HRI-Movie.mov to watch a video format of the ejecta plume forming. Evolution of Cone of Ejecta Deep Impact Mission Overview The Deep Impact Mission is an ongoing mission that began on January 12, 2005. The original goals were: 1) Gain information about the nucleus of 9P/Tempel 1 2) Learn more about the composition of the sub-surface layers of the comet 3) Put the the pieces back together and learn about the history and evolution of the nucleus. After successfully colliding with Tempel 1, astronomers were able to have access to numerical data never seen before regarding cometary interiors. The satellite had 3 cameras on board, including the High Resolution Imager (HRI), the Medium Resolution Imager (MRI), and the Impactor Targeting System (ITS). As the satellite originally flew towards Tempel 1, images were taken only every four hours, but during the last two months of approach the frequency of imaging increased to the point where it was almost continuous


HUME lab stands for Experimental Humanities laboratory, a unique and innovative facility with cutting edge equipment for excellent research aimed at increasing our understanding of human interaction and addressing key theoretical issues central to the study of social cognition through experimental approaches. The research infrastructure provides several cutting-edge systems, software solutions, and a whole range of technical equipment which can be used and combined according to the needs and specifications of the specific research design: e.g. Mobile Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) devices, Mobile Clinical Electroencephalographs with psychogalvanometers, Mobile non-invasive continuous Blood pressure Monitors, Pressure algometer (pain levels measurement device), Hormonal levels measurement sets (samplers, centrifuge, freeze storage), Haptic bio-feedback system with electroactive polymers, Heartbeat monitors with EKG and GPS, Motion capture system, Sociometric badges - monitors of social interaction, Eye-tracking systems (Desktop system, Remote system, mobile eye tracking glasses, VR KIT), Systems for 3D projection and viewing, Augmented reality systems.


(accuracy 95.5 %). CDI of the renal veins exhibited 44.4% sensitivity and 92.6% specifity (accu racy 80.6%). Since CDI is relative insensitive for detecting tumor thrombi, it is at present of limited value for the assessment of the veins in RCC. It might be suitable for the exclusion of caval thrombi.


Smoking-related illnesses and fatalities continue to be a significant public health issue because it is still the world's biggest cause. The harmful effects of active smoking and second hand smoke on health are now well documented. Third-hand smoke (THS) and fourth-hand smoke exposure, on the other hand, are relatively new terms that have only recently been defined in the context of environmental and public health. Third-hand smoke is composed of pollutants that accumulate indoors when tobacco is smoked. Third-hand smoke is constituted of chemicals that adhere to surfaces. THS contains tobacco smoke components that can linger on interior surfaces and in dust for months before being gaseously released back into the atmosphere. Humans who have been exposed to third parties are more likely to develop cancer, have DNA damage, and heal wounds more slowly. Pregnant women are at an increased risk of stillbirth, premature birth, and sudden infant death syndrome (crib death). Smoking is a learned behaviour. Like third hand smoke fourth hand smoke also pose a potential health threat to children and young adults. When people see their role models, on-screen celebrities, friends, and co-workers smoking, the behaviour becomes normalised and acceptable.  It is too early to predict the combined health effects of third and fourth hand smoke. Probably the most important intervention would be to raise public awareness of the problem, which adds yet another reason to remain active in the anti-smoking campaign.


In order to obtain an enhancement of low field magnetoresistance (MR) in Nd/sub 0.7/Sr/sub 0.3/MnO/sub 3/ (NSMO) films, two kinds of superconducting flux focusing devices made of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (YBCO) have been fabricated. In the superconducting state, YBCO expels magnetic flux from its interior and focuses the magnetic flux on a bridge of NSMO film. Using such a magnetic "lens", at temperatures below 77 K, /spl sim/900% enhancement in MR was observed. This corresponds to more than 15% change in the MR of NSMO in the presence of a couple of hundred Gauss. In order to successfully integrate high-T/sub c/ superconductivity with the magnetoresistive effect, bilayers of YBCO/NSMO were in situ deposited on (100) LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates by pulsed laser deposition so that the peak resistance temperature (T/sub p/) of NSMO was below the superconducting transition temperature (T/sub c/) of YBCO. X-ray diffraction and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) measurements provide evidence of epitaxial growth of YBCO/NSMO heterostructures.


In the course of a study of the progenies of triploid and trisomic tomatoes, three plants were found to contain portions of chromosomes in addition to the normal diploid complement of twelve pairs (2n =24). Two of these plants, 25.073.6 and 26.055.26, had twelve pairs and approximately half a chromosome in their pollen mother cells before the first division. Both were derived from crossing double trisomics (2n+l + l ) with diploids. The third plant, 25.084.10, had twelve pairs, one unpaired chromosome and in addition a portion about half the size of a whole chromosome. This was an F, plant from a cross between triploid and diploid. Each of the three mutant plants containing a portion of a chromosome resembled a particular one of the known simple-trisomic types more closely than the others. Moreover the progeny of the two double-trisomic plants contained, in addition to the mutants with portions of chromosomes, the simple-trisomic types which those mutants most nearly resembled. The conclusion is drawn that in each case the fragment is a part of the same whole extra chromosome that is present in the simple-trisomic type which the fragment-containing plant most closely resembles. I n this sense the mutants with additional portions of chromosomes will be termed secondaries (BELLING 1927). Only one secondary corresponding to each of the three primary simple trisomics has been found. Evidently in each case only one portion of the chromosome which has undergone fragmentation was transmitted, the remainder being lost. Following the system previously used (LESLEY, J. W. 1928), capital letters are used 'to designate the twelve chromosomes of the haploid set. Triplo-C is the primary simple trisomic which has in its somatic cells one whole C chromosome in addition to the normal diploid complement, and may be represented by 2n+C. As the portion of the C chromosome is approximately a half, a trisomic secondary containing this portion in addition to the normal complement may be represented by 2n+C/2 and a secondary tetrasomic containing two similar portions 2n+2 C/2.


The authors contribute in this paper that the relationship between job satisfaction & remuneration to turnover trends amongst Indian working professionals by segregating the population into 2 groups based on median age. Data was collected from 430 working Indian professionals having median age of 30 years, from different industries such as ICT, pharmacy, automobile, engineering, public sector, FMCG where they have expressed their opinion on turnover, remuneration & job satisfaction in their respective companies. After undertaking statistical analysis it was found that the relationship between age & remuneration has inverse proportionality and direct proportionality between age and job satisfaction. However, more significant observation is that the age is strongly inversely proportional to the remuneration as this is evident by observing the employees below median age of 30 years are easily susceptible for the salary factor, whereas professionals above the median age of 40 are more susceptible for job satisfaction. Findings from this paper are very useful to understand the character of the professionals' w.r.t. age verses salary & age verses job satisfaction. This may be helpful for the top management of the organization to reduce attrition rate and bringing in more productivity towards achieving organization's objective.


We consider sets of irrational numbers in $(0,1)$ whose partial quotients $a_{\sigma,n}$ in the semi-regular continued fraction expansion obey certain restrictions and growth conditions. We prove that, for any sequence $\sigma\in\{-1,1\}^\mathbb N$ in the expansion, any infinite subset $B$ of $\mathbb N$ and for any function $f$ on $\mathbb N$ with values in $[\min B,\infty)$ and tending to infinity, the set of irrationals such that \[ a_{\sigma,n}\in B,\ a_{\sigma,n}\leq f(n)\text{ for all $n\in\mathbb N$ and }a_{\sigma,n}\to\infty\text{ as }n\to\infty\] is of Hausdorff dimension $\tau(B)/2,$ where $\tau(B)$ is the exponent of convergence of $B$. This considerably extends the result of the second author [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. {\bf 151}, 3645--3653 (2023)] to the semi-regular continued fraction. We also prove that for any $\sigma\in\{-1,1\}^\mathbb N$ and any $B\subset\mathbb N$, the set of irrationals such that \[ a_{\sigma,n}\in B\text{ for all $n\in\mathbb N$ and }a_{\sigma,n}\to\infty\text{ as }n\to\infty\] is also of Hausdorff dimension $\tau(B)/2$. This considerably extends the solution of Hirst's conjecture by Wang and Wu [Bull. London Math. Soc. {\bf 40}, 18--22 (2008)] to the semi-regular continued fraction. To prove these two results, we exploit the dimension theory developed by Rempe-Gillen and Urba\'nski: construct non-autonomous iterated function systems well-adapted to the given restrictions and growth conditions on partial quotients, estimate the pressure function, and then apply Bowen's formula.


AbstractThe acute toxicities of the solvents, dimethylacetamide, tetra-methylpimelamide, tetramethylsuberamide, tetramethylazelamide, and tetramethylsebacamide were compared by the administration of single doses of each intraperitoneally to groups of mice. The LD 50 values calculated are dimethylacetamide 3467 mg/kg, tetramethylpimelamide 2239 mg/kg, tetramethylsuberamide 1479 mg/kg, tetramethylazelamide 447 mg/kg, and tetramethylsebacamide 400 mg/kg. The increase in toxicity with an increase in chain length might in part be explained by an enhanced lipid solubility and increased penetration into the central nervous system. The series of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid amide solvents studied appear to be more toxic than dimethylacetamide which is currently being used commercially to enhance solubility.


A residence contract is taken to be correct (subject to any written change made by the operator with the consent of the resident on or before signing the contract), unless the resident elects not


This paper considers a relevant issue related to the influence exerted by the fuzziness in linear dynamic system parameters on its stability. It is known that the properties of automated control systems can change under the influence of parametric disturbances. To describe the change in such properties of the system, the concept of roughness is used.
It should be noted that taking into consideration the fuzziness in the parameters of mathematical models could make it possible at the design stage to assess all the risks that may arise as a result of an uncontrolled change in the parameters of dynamic systems during their operation. To prevent negative consequences due to variance in the parameters of mathematical models, automated control systems are designed on the basis of the requirement for ensuring a certain margin of stability of the system in terms of its amplitude and phase. At the same time, it remains an open question whether such a system would satisfy the conditions of roughness.
Parameters of the mathematical model of a system are considered as fuzzy quantities that have a triangular membership function. This function is inconvenient for practical use, so it is approximated by the Gaussian function. That has made it possible to obtain formulas for calculating the characteristic polynomial and the transfer function of the open system, taking into consideration the fuzziness of their parameters.
When investigating the system according to Mikhailov's criterion, it was established that the dynamic system retains stability in the case when the parameters of the characteristic equation are considered as fuzzy quantities. It has been determined that the quality of the system significantly deteriorated in terms of its stability that could make it enter a non-steady state. When using the Nyquist criterion, it was established that taking into consideration the fuzziness in the parameters of the transfer function did not affect the stability of the closed system but there was a noticeable decrease in the system stability reserve both in terms of phase and amplitude. The relative decrease in the margin of stability for amplitude was 16 %, and for phase ‒ 17.4 %.


The paper contains an analysis of national publications on the use of bibliometric indicators in the management of science. Discussion highlights the main problem: what refl ect citation indexes, whether on the basis of international information systems to draw conclusions about the eff ectiveness of science in diff erent countries, what factors should be considered in making these comparisons.


In this paper, we propose a multi-dimensional resource management scheme for Federated Learning with non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data on battery-powered IIoT devices. Firstly, we formulate an optimization problem that aims to maximize the learning efficiency given long-term energy and time constraints to balance training accuracy and learning latency. Secondly, based on the derived lower bound of expected convergence rate with non-IID data, we solve the short-term problems by cyclically manage the resources (i.e., radio, computation and resource block (RB) resources, and device energy). Simulation results validate that the proposed scheme outperforms other baseline schemes, especially in energy shortage scenarios.


A DWT-based novel image semi-fragile watermarking scheme utilizing fuzzy clustering theory is proposed.According to the classification of image's noise visibility function,gradient etc.we can decide the location and value of watermark.Experimental results show that our semi-fragile watermarking scheme is invisible and is robust to common image processing.The proposed watermarking algorithm is invisible and fragile to content modification and can detect effectively the tampered regions.


At present, the adjustment calculation of overhead line is still based on manual calculation combined with calculator during the construction of overpressure line's overhead line.This paper discusses the computerization method by applying Excel, predicts and analyzes the potential extent infection by some varied values.It also aims to find the solution to actual construction warp, calculates adjustment data and predicts adjustment effects.


SUMMARY
Inoculated and uninoculated Alnus rubra Bong, seedlings were grown for 47 days in atmospheres containing ambient (350 μ1 CO2 1−1) and elevated (650 μl CO2 1−1) levels of CO2, with and without combined nitrogen (20 mg 1−1) supplied as ammonium nitrate. Five plants from each treatment were harvested 15, 30, and 47 days after exposure to CO2 treatments began. Evidence for the presence of a positive feedback loop between nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis was observed in nodulated plants growing at elevated CO2. These plants had greater whole-plant photosynthesis and nitrogenase activity, leaf area and nitrogen content, as well as nodule and plant dry mass, relative to nodulated plants grown at ambient CO2 and non-nodulated plants grown at both CO2 levels. This feedback may be an important way in which the potential carbon drain of nitrogen fixation on the host plant could be compensated; increased nitrogen availability resulting in stimulated leaf area growth and whole-plant photosynthesis. The relative amount of dry mass allocated below ground decreased for all seedlings over time, and the amount allocated above ground increased. This shift in allocation occurred slowly and at a constant rate in non-nodulated plants and more rapidly and abruptly when plants were nodulated. The proportion of dry mass allocated below ground was consistently greater in non-nodulated plants. Dry mass allocation to the stem was increased when combined nitrogen was applied and was greatest in nodulated plants grown at high CO2. Dry mass partitioning among other organs was not directly affected by nodulation, CO2 enrichment, or other treatment interactions.


Nowadays the interest in small satellites large constellations or MicroSats in formation flying is increasing and, as a consequence, the challenges related to the Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem are increasing, being related to the capability to enhance a fine pointing budget and to be able to take into account the coupling between attitude and orbital dynamics. In this paper, an Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem simulator will be presented, fundamental to evidence the fine dynamical coupling in the ZodiArt iSEE mission, by Politecnico di Milano. The simulator is characterised by a complete disturbances model, including: the Earth zonal harmonics, the Moon and Sun third body perturbations, solar radiation pressure, drag and lift. Moreover, compact plots, here called Orbital long-track envelope, will be presented, graphically showing the differential gain/loss in altitude and relative long-track shift obtained performing differential drag, depending on the manoeuvre epoch, angle of attack and true anomaly.


Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry (PSI) is a professional organization founded in 1977. One of the key objectives of PSI is to promote professional standards of statistics in matters pertinent to the pharmaceutical industry. During the period May 1990 to September 1991, the PSI Professional Standards Working Party developed a set of 11 guideline standard operating procedures. The objectives in doing this were to raise awareness of good statistical practice, encourage adherence to it, and provide guidance in the preparation of standard operating procedures within organizations represented by the membership. The 11 guideline standard operating procedures are presented here. They form a sound basis from which to develop standard operating procedures specific to the needs of individual organizations, and will be of benefit to professionals in many areas of clinical research.


is more toxic to mammals, and in an article at p. 919 of the Journal this week Drs. T. B. Patel and V. N. Rao describe cases of poisoning in workers who began using dieldrin after they had become accustomed to handling D.D.T. and B.H.C. Other reports of poisoning among dieldrin sprayers have appeared and are excellently summarized by W. J. Hayes.2 In complete contrast to cases of poisoning by the organophosphorous insecticides, such as parathion, cases of dieldrin poisoning have been observed only after a relatively prolonged exposure. This makes it more difficult to discover the exact route of absorption than might be the case when poisoning follows a single incident. The general conclusion must be that poisoning follows a period of exposure under conditions of defective general hygiene. In some parts of the world dieldrin has been handled safely for mosquito control and it is impossible to be certain why in other groups experience has been more unfortunate. In the Indian cases the workers handled the powder and stirred the suspension with bare hands and arms. Even so, poisoning did not occur for at least 60 days and usually after almost 100 days, in which a month free of exposure had been interposed. The delayed onset of poisoning has also been seen in the case from Venezuela discussed by Hayes. In a few cases poisoning occurred after exposure had ceased, suggesting that the dieldrin or some metabolite may be stored in the body to be released for some reason at a later date. 4


Sensible cooling extraction rates measured at four houses in Ft. Wayne, Indiana are compared to loads calculated with Manual J Eighth Edition (MJ8) and the ASHRAE Residential Heat Balance (RHB) methods. The houses have identical basic construction and are fitted with windows that allow glazing to be changed. Two of the houses have south-facing primary fenestration and the other two west-facing. This setup permits simultaneous measurements of four combinations of glazing and orientation. Data for July, 2005 are presented and related to calculated loads. There is acceptable correspondence for south-facing cases. For west-facing, both MJ8 and RHB produce conservative estimates of cooling requirements. Incident solar intensities derived with the ASHRAE clear sky model are shown to exceed virtually all observed values, causing high calculated solar gains for the west-facing cases that experience near-normal sun angles. An additional source of difference may be the steady-periodic assumption used in load calculation that masks any load reduction due to actual day-to-day variability. Comparison of RHBcalculated hourly loads to measured values for representative days shows only approximate correspondence, indicating the need for further model improvements.


This report should be of interest to engineers involved in the design, construction, and maintenance of direct-fixation track systems, a subset of non-ballasted track systems. The two-part report provides guidance on the design and construction of direct-fixation track systems. Part A includes sections describing track-design principles and material-evaluation methods for direct-fixation fasteners and track, as well as example specifications and commentary for direct-fixation fasteners, direct-fixation fastener qualification and production tests, direct-fixation track construction, and materials used in direct-fixation applications. The purpose of the commentary provided with the example specifications is to explain the basis for specification stipulations, the relevance of stipulations in various applications, and key issues and trade-offs that must be made in developing specifications for the design and construction of direct-fixation track systems. Part B of the report provides data, evaluations, field reviews, and analyses of direct-fixation fasteners from a variety of sources to understand their characteristics and proper application more fully.


The topic of semantic segmentation has witnessed considerable progress due to the powerful features learned by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) [13]. The current leading approaches for semantic segmentation exploit shape information by extracting CNN features from masked image regions. This strategy introduces artificial boundaries on the images and may impact the quality of the extracted features. Besides, the operations on the raw image domain require to compute thousands of networks on a single image, which is time-consuming. In this paper, we propose to exploit shape information via masking convolutional features. The proposal segments (e.g., super-pixels) are treated as masks on the convolutional feature maps. The CNN features of segments are directly masked out from these maps and used to train classifiers for recognition. We further propose a joint method to handle objects and "stuff" (e.g., grass, sky, water) in the same framework. State-of-the-art results are demonstrated on benchmarks of PASCAL VOC and new PASCAL-CONTEXT, with a compelling computational speed.


Wisdom is one of the factors related to cognition and thought, and has a long history in religious and philosophical texts. However, since 1970, it has entered into empirical researches and debates in different fields of psychology, and various patterns have evolved in this area. Wisdom is taken into consideration as one of the most important factors in mental health, life management, and preservation of cultural values of each country. Our culture, due to its rich written sources on wisdom, has a lot to say. Therefore, this study aims to comparatively investigate the characteristics of wise individuals in religious sources (books such as Nahj al-Balagha, Misbah al-Shariah, Makarem Akhalagh, Kimiaye Saadat, Usul al-Kafi, Bihar al-Anwar, Motahari, Eynol Alhyah, Meraj alSa'adah and Gharalhkm) using the knowledge arised from empirical research on wisdom related fields. The reseach methodology was content analysis. The results of the present study shows that in studied sources, 10 features were reported for the wise individuals to have higher frequencies that include sincerity, humility, meekness and patience, hard work, courage, generosity, good behaviourm and curtailment of the world. The comparative study shows that except reticence and contentment features, there is a relationship between other features and patterns in the field of wisdom.


Justification of the topic choice. Accuracy in defining the aim and objectives of the thesis. Justification of the topic choice; accuracy in defining the aim and tasks of the thesis; originality of the topic and the extent to which it was covered; alignment of the thesis' topic, aim and objectives. As a general conclusion about the thesis, it can be said that the student chose an important topic for his research and used an innovative approach to revise the imperfections of existing models. The thesis topic, research goal and objectives are accurately defined and aligned. Structure and logic of the text flow. Logic of research; full scope of the thesis; alignment of thesis' structural parts, i.e. theoretical and empirical parts. The thesis is logically structured; all the objectives set by the author are met. The structure and the content of the empirical research are based on the theoretical approach presented in the thesis. Quality of analytical approach and quality of offered solution to the research objectives. Adequacy of objectives coverage; ability to formulate and convey the research problem; ability to offer options for its solution; application of the latest trends in relevant research are for the set objectives. Literature review is logically related to the research topic; the conducted study and the obtained results demonstrate good level of the author's analytical skills. In general, the quality of the analytical approach can be evaluated as good. Quality of data gathering and description. Quality of selecting research tools and methods; data validity adequacy; adequacy of used data for chosen research tools and methods; completeness and relevance of the list of references. The data used in the study is relevant. The presented methodology of statistical and regression analysis are adequate for conducted research. List of references is relevant and includes contemporary sources: both classical papers and contemporary studies on the researched topic. Scientific aspect of the thesis. Independent scientific thinking in solving the set problem/objectives; the extent to which the student contributed to selecting and justifying the research model (conceptual and/or quantitative), developing methodology/approach to set objectives. The thesis is done independently. The author applied existing methodology used in previous studies in order to analyze the relationship between firm's intellectual capital and its financial performance. Practical/applied nature of research. Extent to which the theoretical background is related to the international or Russian managerial practice; development of applied recommendations; justification and interpretation of the empirical/applied results. The results of the study could be used by managers while considering investments in Human Resources and other Intellectual Capital components. Quality of thesis layout. Layout fulfils the requirements of the Regulations for master thesis preparation and defence, correct layout of tables, figures, references. The formal structure of the paper meets the requirements of the thesis preparation. Originality of the text. All sources of match identified by the Safe Assign system follow the allowed cases, the paper does not contain any elements of plagiarism. The thesis text is original and does not contain elements of plagiarism.


In prior work, we proposed using an extended Kalman filter to directly update position estimates in a speaker localization system based on time delays of arrival. We found that such a scheme provided superior tracking quality as compared with the conventional closed-form approximation methods. In this work, we enhance our audio localizer with video information. We propose an algorithm to incorporate detected face positions in different camera views into the Kalman filter without doing any explicit triangulation. This approach yields a robust source localizer that functions reliably both for segments wherein the speaker is silent, which would be detrimental for an audio only tracker, and wherein many faces appear, which would confuse a video only tracker. We tested our algorithm on a data set consisting of seminars held by actual speakers. Our experiments revealed that the audio-video localizer functioned better than a localizer based solely on audio or solely on video features.


This Appendix provides additional materials that are also discussed in the paper. In particular, Section A1 presents the theoretical derivations of some of the model's results. Section A2 presents validity tests on the lack of manipulative sorting in the IBGE population estimates, that is, the running variable of the fuzzy RD design implemented in the paper. Section A3 reports examples of violation episodes from the audit reports, in order to illustrate the coding of our measures of political corruption. Section A4 provides further robustness checks, in order to show that the baseline estimation results are not sensitive to the definition of the outcome variables, to functional form assumptions, or to sample restrictions. JEL codes: D72, D73, H40, H77.


The effect of the limestone on the strength of the foam concrete is studied in this paper. The dry density of the foam concrete used in this experiment is 500 kg/m3, which is largely used in foam concrete for heat preservation in building. The experimental results reveal that the content of the limestone has great influence on the 3 d, 7 d and 28 d compressive strength and flexural strength of the foam concrete, but the fineness of the limestone has little influence on the 3 d, 7 d and 28 d compressive strength and flexural strength of the foam concrete, when the specific surface area is in the range of 210 cm2/g-440 cm2/g.


Abstract : In its range of detonability, nitroguanidine (NQ) behaves as a Group 1 explosive. In addition, it exhibits failure at the high TMD as well as the more common failure at a lower critical density. The high bulk density (HBD) form of NQ exhibits a critical diameter about three times that of the low bulk density form. This fact aided in studying the subcritical region of NQ (HBD) where a strong shock produces a subdetonation, supersonic, constant velocity front. This pseudo-detonation or LVD had failure characteristics similar to the detonability limits of Group 2 materials. That trend, the power of the LVD reactions, and the dimensions of the various gap tests can be combined to explain (1) a hump in the curve 50% pressure vs % TMD obtained for NQ(HBD) in the gap test and (2) a reversal in apparent shock sensitivity rating of NQ(HBD) and NQ(LBD) when tested on the large- and small-scale gap tests.


We consider the problem of estimating chirp signal parameters. We present two estimation methods based on state space representation of such signals. The first one uses an improvement of Tretter's approximation to obtain an approximate linear state model. Then the state estimation is performed by Kalman filtering, which is an optimal linear state estimator. The second method is based on an exact nonlinear state model of the signal but the state estimation is issued from extended Kalman filtering, which is an approximate state estimator as it is based on a linearized model. The performance of the two methods is compared by simulation. Finally we extend the second algorithm to multi-component chirp signals, which is impossible for the first method.


The seismic earth pressures with presence of water, acting against a vertical retaining wall are often a function of many parameters. In the case of saturated sands, the earthquake causes failure of the retaining wall resulting by soil liquefaction. The theoretical methods for the calculation of seismic earth pressures available in literature remain unable to solve the envisaged problems. In this study the finite element code PLAXIS is used to evaluate the active earth pressure acting against a vertical rigid retaining wall. The soil is modeled by an elasto-plastic model with a Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion.  In this study, several parameters have been considered in order to evaluate the effect of soil acceleration with transitory flow and hydrostatic groundwater. The results have been compared with those obtained by the pseudo-dynamic and pseudo-static approaches. The results show the influence of the seismic action on the earth pressures.


The dynamic large-scale fragmentation resulting in a large impact or explosion is discussed. It is known that, unlike the lab-scale tests and independently on the type of explosion, energy and so on, the fragment size distribution presents maximums explained by block structure of the rocks and that this number grows with increasing the fragment size. A quantum-continuous model for this distribution in a rock cell under the longlength primary wave action is proposed. Thus, the differential and cumulative distributions over the whole fragmentation volume are calculated, and the free-parameters in the model are fitted to the experimental data. INTRODUCTION Fragmentation of solids involves many natural and artificial processes, ranging from sky body collisions to comminution of coffee grains. Such phenomena play an important role in the formation of various structures (asteroid clouds, impact/explosion craters, etc.) and are distinguished by diversity, dependence on many factors and complexity of description. Fundamental investigations in this area began from lab-scale tests in statics [1-3] -see [4] and later in dynamics [5,6]. Their findings serve as the basis firstly for empirical laws and then for theoretical predictions. Assuming the fractal law for the size distribution of particles, Carpinteri and Pugno [7,8] have unified the three comminution laws proposed by von Rittinger [1], Kick [2] and Bond [3] for predicting the energy consumption in fragmentation. A theoretical model [7] was followed by some experiments on drilling and compression of heterogeneous materials [8]. They also confirm the fractal nature of fragmentation and lead to the determination of the model parameters. In dynamics, the stone ball fracture resulting in impact by a projectile at 0.1-3 km/s shows that the distribution is subject to the same law, but it is described inserting two distinct fractal dimensions. The last peculiarity was later explained by a geometrical feature of the primary wave propagation inside the ball [9], where, based on the continuum damage theory of dynamic fragmentation developed by Grady and Kipp [10], the thorough computer-analytic simulation appears to be in a good agreement with the lab-scale impact experiments. Note that Carpinteri and Pugno [8] found the same result in perforations: the bi-fractality was explained as due to two different fracture mechanisms under the drilling tool, namely, cutting and crushing. However, all these experiments were performed only at the micrometer fragment size range. Meantime, it was repeatedly noted that the scale effect is of great importance in fragmentation. As a matter of fact, the fragment size distribution observed after many large explosions (to kilotons energy) in rocks, does not follow the simple (mono) fractal law in the range 1-100 cm [11]. Unlike the small-scale tests, it has maximums explained by the block structure of rocks and moreover, the number of pieces surprisingly grows when the fragment size increases. These peculiarities only slightly depend on the type of explosion, its energy, and the depth of the charge laying. To describe all scales of dynamic fragmentations resulting in a large impact or explosion in this work, we suggest a quantum-continuous model of the local fragmentation distribution using the evidence on how the primary wave traveling through a cell of the rock spends its energy into fracture and heat, as recently emphasized by Simonov [12]. For the finer fragmentation (<5 mm), Melosh's et al. description is adopted [9]. When changing to the block fracture with a hierarchy of characteristic sizes, the degenerate distribution function, that presents singularities, is inserted into the model. By integrating the local distributions, the global distribution over the whole destroyed volume is found out. Forcing the free model parameters to fit the empirical data [11] leads to remarkable agreement between theory and observations. Nevertheless, the restriction of the empirical data concerning quantity and accuracy, as well as the usual incorrectness of the similar reverse problems, leave behind them a great deal with concerning the possibility of refining the present simulation. PHYSICAL ASUMPTIONS Consider the fragmentation resulting in a large (sub)surface blast or collision of a massive projectile with a large-size brittle solid body simulated by an elastic half-space. Assume that the semi-spherical primary wave propagates starting at the distance , a conventional radius from the point of action, and with initial magnitude in mass velocity 0 R s km 69 . 3 0 = U , where the imaginary melting/solid boundary takes place according to reference [12]. Then, a description of the shock wave propagation for accounting the thermodynamics, in particular, its specific energy lost the energy spent to destroy a cell of ( ) r f 3 m 1 will be identical to as reported in [12]. So, the wave, emerged by a large action, propagates according to the well-known empirical law in dependence on dimensionless coordinate 0 R r R = with the decay coefficients, α (U , 1 U > 0 U > s m 30 1 ≈ U ) and β (U 1 U < ) at stages of strong and weak shock wave, respectively (typically α =1.87 and β =1.6 for rocks [13, 14]). The radius and wave width, 0 R H , can be evaluated from the experimental data [13] and thus it follows that and for the 5 kilotons TNT explosion in granite, so that we choose m 2 . 4 0 ≈ R m 30 H 20 − ≈ 5 0 = R H for the future calculations. In the domain of the fine fragmentation, we employ the differential distribution of particle sizes over a cell given in reference [9]: ( ) ( ) max 1 3 4 max 0 , 1 , l l L L L l A r l p m c = − = − − (1) where is the number of particles per 1 with sizes between l and , is the peak size, is the normalizing constant and m is a free parameter ( ( ) l l pc d 0 A 3 m l l d + max l 10 ≤ m ). This is valid for . If , the characteristic sizes of the block structure of various rocks ( mm , 5 2 5 < l 1 mm 5 ≥ l , 20 3 mm 1000 , 500 , 140 , 50 6 4 5 = = = l l l


This letter is in response to the Point-Counterpoint series "The muscle pump is/is not an important determinant of muscle blood flow during exercise" that appeared in the July issue (vol. 99: 371–375, 2005; ).

To the Editor : A central question


In view of the balance two binary search tree constructed with the traditional algorithm is not a really bal- ance binary search tree,this paper idesigns a non- recursive algorithm of constructing a strict balance two binary search tree. The improved algorithm has the advantages of faster calculation speed,small memory space,being easy to be realized by computers. The core of the improved algorithmto is to generate the first order sequence of the strict two binary search tree. It is proposed to find the optimal solution of routing problem. It presents a method to gain the the first order sequence of the strict two binary search tree by dividing the ascending sequence into half,discusses and gives a s fast algorithm to construct the strict binary search tree. The algorithm makes full use of the information divided by two to gain the first order sequence of the strict two binary search tree. The algorithm has higher efficien- cy compared with the traditional algorithm to construct a strict two binary search tree.


Abstract Cyclohexylamino(keto)carbene complexes of group VI B metals which contain a terminally bound carbene ligand, on reaction with Fe2(C0)9 give binuclear oxallyl iron complexes 5, in which the carbene carbon and the keto function form a bridge consisting of three atoms bound to two iron atoms. From a single crystal structure analysis of the phenyl derivative 5b, the Fe-Fe distance was found to be 2.508 Å. The two C atoms are bridging the Fe2 group in a somewhat distorted manner (C(l)-Fe(l) 2.461, C(l)-Fe(2) 1.912, C(2)-Fe(l) 2.024, C(2)-Fe(2) 2.478 Å), whereas the bridging keto oxygen is symmetrically bound to both Fe (1.927 and 2.004 Å). Alkylamino(phenyl)carbene complexes like 11 react with Fe2(C0)9 to give a four atom bridging ligand by migration of a hydrogen atom from nitrogen and an ortho hydrogen from the phenyl group to the carbene carbon. Free or complexed alkylimines may be intermediates in this reaction.


Motivated by applications in competitive WiFi sensing, and competition to grab user attention in social networks, the problem of when to arrive at/sample a shared resource/server platform with multiple players is considered. Server activity is intermittent, with the server switching between ON and OFF periods alternatively. Each player spends a certain cost to sample the server state, and the per-player payoff is inversely proportional to the number of simultaneously connected/arrived players. The objective of each player is to arrive/sample the server as soon as any ON period begins while incurring minimal sensing cost and to avoid having many other players overlap in time with itself. For this competition model, we propose a distributed randomized learning algorithm (strategy to sample the server) for each player, which is shown to converge to a unique non-trivial fixed point. The fixed point is moreover shown to be a Nash equilibrium of a game, where each player's utility function is demonstrated to possess all the required selfish tradeoffs.


Silverman's moving essay is replete with vulnerability and uncanny resonances. I try to enter her experience and imagine its possible meaning and impact on Silverman and then on me, as discussant. Finally, I play with Silverman's clinical material and explore the potential consequences of other ways of moving in the therapeutic moment. When can we usefully engage our experience (in general) and of the uncanny (in particular) with our patient? What factors (theoretical and personal) might inform our choice to self-disclose or contain? Rather than privileging either way of working, I suggest that there's an upside and an underbelly to every clinical move—to holding, to self-disclosure, to the mutual analysis of enactments, and to neutral interpretation and imagine some of these clinical consequences.


Theprimary objective of this work was to characterize the long-term durability performance of the Active Fiber Composite (AFC) actuator material system for the Boeing Active Material Rotor (AMR) blade application. The AFCs were a new structural actuator system consisting of piezoceramic fibers embedded in an epoxy matrix and sandwiched between interdigitated electrodes. These actuators were integrated directly into the blade spar as active plies within the composite structure to perform structural actuation for helicopter vibration control. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct extensive electromechanical material characterization to evaluate AFCs both as actuators and as structural components of the blade. The long-term durability characterization tests designed to extract important electromechanical properties were electrical fatigue tests and mechanical fatigue tests. This paper presents the test results as well as the comprehensive testing process developed to evaluate the relevant AFC durability properties. The durability tests conducted under simulated electromechanical loading conditions expected on AFCs during the blade operation provided an invaluable insight into the behavior of the AFCs under dynamic loading environment. The results from this comprehensive durability characterization of the AFC material system supported the design and operation of the Boeing AMR blade scheduled for wind tunnel tests.


Charges on the surface of fluorinated-ethylene-propylene affect its secondary electron emission coefficient. Measurements with impact energies exceeding that energy which causes peak emission have been made in regions where the local electric field produced by the surface charge is normal to the surface and in regions where it is oblique. The surface of the 6-mm wide specimen was charged to either 6 or 10 kV. Because the impinging primary beam was deflected by the charged specimen, numerical modeling was used to predict the beam's impact energy E, impact angle ¿, and the impact point. The formula (E0/E) ncos¿ predicts the coefficient in the region of normal field up to 60° although E0 depends upon the electric field and also on the history of the specimen. Near the edges where the field is obliquie, the measured coefficient departs significantly from what the formula predicts.


The invention relates to food detection equipment, in particular to a reversing device of online visual detection equipment of appearance of ham sausages. The reversing device comprises a reversing runner, a baffle, brackets and a servo motor, wherein the reversing runner is arranged between two in a rotating manner and driven by the servo motor arranged on one bracket, a plurality of shifting sheets are evenly distributed on the circumferential surface of the reversing runner, a space is reserved between two adjacent shifting sheets, a ham sausage inlet is arranged on one bracket on one sidefrom which ham sausages enter the reversing device, the baffle is arranged between the brackets and at one side of the reversing runner, and the bottom end of the baffle corresponds to the ham sausage inlet. According to the invention, since the distance between a conical plate on the baffle and the reversing runner is reduced gradually, the ham sausages slow down; the ham sausages entering the reversing device are driven by the reversing runner to move along a direction changed from the ham sausage axial direction to the direction vertical to the ham sausage axial direction and are driven tofall on the online visual detection equipment in turn orderly so as to be suitable for the appearance visual detection of ham sausages.


It has long been my belief that resilience is a quality forced upon us by the pace of change and the sheer number of continuous and exponential shifts required to evolve, live and do business. It is an invisible force that, until recently, went mostly ignored, as leaders dealt with day-to-day realities. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, is a very visible and massively disruptive force that makes the need for resilience real, tangible and undeniable. During the early phases of the pandemic the lack of resilience was evident. Companies scrambled to respond to new and unanticipated challenges, and many failed to meet them. In its wake, leaders are being forced to reevaluate, reorient and transform themselves to prepare for whatever comes next – a world still struggling to recover from crisis or a world transformed by science and technology and ready for the future.


Periodic intraoperative microbreaks with calesthenic exercises performed within the sterile field improved self-reported mental focus (38%) and physical performance (57%) for 56 surgeons. Therefore, targeted stretching exercises and a web-application (web-app) leading the stretches with a reminder system were developed and piloted using user-centered design principles. A focus group with 10 users was conducted to refine the developed app. Seven surgeons (4 females) at a quaternary medical institute piloted the periodic stretching web-app in their operating rooms. At the end of each surgical day, the surgeons completed a short survey about the intraoperative stretching exercises web-app impact on their physical performance, mental focus and workflow disruption. Non-Routine Events were captured during the procedures. Twelve surgical days were followed with a median of 6 microbreaks/day/surgeon. Results showed that better physical performance and lower fatigue were reported (91.7%) across the surgical days, also better mental focus was reported (83.3%) across the surgical days, and less pain/discomfort was reported (100%) across the surgical days, with others reporting no change. The web-app leading sterile field microbreak stretches helped reduce physical pain, discomfort/pain, fatigue, and improve mental focus with minimal disruption for a small sample. The web-app is a promising tool for improving surgeon mental focus and physical performance and potentially musculoskeletal health.


Abstract - In this paper, the planar type modified folded loop antennas for S-DMB band is proposed. The proposed antenna consisted of opened center of a conventional closed loop and folded terminal of microstrip line to inside loop antenna. The sizes proposed antenna was minimized by folding the terminal of the loop. Also, It was minimized reactance value by increasing capacitances between coupled microstrip line. Therefore the proposed antennas compacted about 20% than a conventional loop antenna and increased efficiency of antenna. The proposed antennas got an omni-directional pattern, the antenna gain was 3.67 [dBi] and the bandwidth was 900 MHz (2.6-3.56 GHz) with VSWR≤2 from the simulated and the measured results. The frequency utilization coefficient was 29.9 %. These properties could satisfy the S-DMB band. Key Words : Folded Loop Antenna, CPW(Coplanar waveguide), Broadband, Wideband, S-DMB †교신저자, 정회원 : 동강대학교 전기전자과 교수․공박E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com접수일자 : 2011년 6월 18일최종완료 : 2011년 12월 23일


Aiming at the problem that it is difficult for the theodolite measuring system to determinate its length-scale datum due to lack of distance observation value,the paper elaborated the method of length-scale datum determination calculated from intersection measurement of a known-length scale bar based on similar principles and vertical angle tachymetry firstly;and then according to the law of propagation of error,it was pointed out that the mean square error of level baseline is an important index to measure the precision of the length-scale datum,moreover,some configuration factors,including scale bar placed attitude,length of baseline and length of scale bar and so on,were considered as major error resources of length-scale datum.Finally,based on Matlab GUI simulated calculation,the influence law of many factors on the mean square error of level baseline was analyzed,and some methods of improving the measure accuracy of length-scale datum and optimizing the measure spatial configuration were summarized.


Restructurable VLSI wafer-scale circuits have been built using two methods, both using laser energy to create low resistance connections between bus lines on already existing circuits. In one technique verticle connections of about 10 Omega are made up from top metal, through silicon nitride, to first metal lines. The other involves melting of silicon in the gap between two implant regions, with the lateral diffusion of dopants creating connections of about 100 Omega . Details of the linking structures, their characteristics, and the apparatus used to interconnect them are described.<<ETX>>