We introduce a new curvature-pinching condition, which is weaker than the positive sectional curvature or PIC1, and then we prove several rigidity results for the rotationally symmetric solutions of steady Ricci solitons, i.e., the Bryant Ricci solitons.


Microstructure of bone tissue was observed and analyzed to guide the design of internal microchannel architectures for scaffold.CAD,reverse engineering and rapid prototyping techniques were combined to fabricate bioactive scaffold with biomimetic structure.Histologic sections of bone tissue were observed to obtain the microstructure of bone tissue.3D reconstructions and designs were conducted.The corresponding mold was fabricated using stereolithography.Calcium phosphate cement(CPC) was cast into the mold and the bioactive scaffold with biomimetic structure was achieved after sintered.The scaffold represented the design,and its dimensions were remarkably consistent.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) analysis showed that the main components of CPC were hydroxyapatite with low crystallinity before pyrolysis and with high crystallinity after pyrolysis.In vitro experiments revealed that scaffold was non-cytotoxic and supported cell adhesion,proliferation and viability.


Magnetic scaffolds have been obtained using a process of precipitation of calcium phosphates from precursors (CaCl2 and NaH2PO4) on a mixture of biopolymers (chitosan, collagen, sodium hyaluronate) and SPIONs (magnetite coated with chitosan). Three-dimensional porous structures of the magnetic scaffolds has been revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) data and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that peaks from the three biopolymers, calcium phosphates and magnetic nanoparticles are present. The retention of simulated body fluids is dependent on the scaffolds morphology and the in vitro enzymatic degradation rate is strongly correlated with the presence of organic phase. The interaction of the magnetic scaffolds with osteoblast cells has demonstrated that they have good cytocompatibility.


Many researchers have recognised a lack of common framework to support supply chain modelling and analysis and proposed their solutions accordingly. Majority of the approaches proposed are more concerned with building an object model of a supply chain than identifying processes that realistically describe a supply chain. Although object models provide means or building blocks necessary to model and analyse different elements of a supply chain, absence of supply chain processes promotes a 'black box' view on the supply chain. This study proposes an ontology model specifically developed to support supply chain process modelling and analysis. It is based on a premise that prior identification of processes the ontology is supposed to support facilitates the ontology development and validation. This study introduces development, validation and application of supply chain ontology to support supply chain process modelling and analysis.


Following an extensive educational program and the provision of the necessary design aids, Canada's national design standard for limit states design of steel structures for buildings, CAN3 S16.1‐M78, is being used to design structures with greater economy and more uniform safety than before. The standard, developed over a period of 5 yr, was first introduced in 1974. Steel designs are now considerably more cost competitive with weight savings of up to 10% or more as compared to working stress design. Students learn the same methodology for steel and reinforced concrete design. The limit states format leads to simplification and greater understanding by users. Designers are made more aware of structural behavior and the need for checking both ultimate (strength) and serviceability limit states. Building structures up to 40 storys high with many types of framing and steel masses up to 40,000 tonnes have been built. In 1985, after 10 yr of parallel use with the working stress design standard, only the limit ...


The present study investigated the broiler production under different LED light colors and strains. In addition, studying effect of LED light color on body weights at different ages, feed consumption (FC), immunity, growth hormone and some carcass traits. The experiment was extended from January 2019 to February 2019. The highest mean value was recorded for IR strain body weight at 7 days of age (172.4 ± 0.60, 172.2 ± 0.9 and 169.94 ± 0.99 g) in green, blue and white light, respectively. But for Cobb strain (169.42 ± 1.03, 167.22 ± 1.04 and 168.028 ± 0.83 g) in green, white and blue light, respectively. Where, body weight at 35 days of age was recorded for Cobb and IR strains at blue light (2002.17±12.81 g) and (2083.51±19.61 g), respectively, followed by white light (1985.22 g) and (2001.91±16.30 g), respectively, while green light registered the least value (1980.68 g) and (2001.82 ± 10.66 g), respectively. There were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the values of growth hormone concentrations between control group (white light) and other two lights groups blue and green, on other hand, there were no significant differences in the values of growth hormone concentrations between Cobb and IR strains, the interaction between LED colors and strains was insignificant (P = 0.982).


Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of selective portal vein embolization (SPVE) in treatment of liver tumor in rats and to provide the groundwork for its future clinical applications. Methods 24 healthy rats underwent the embolization. Pre and post SPVE portogram and liver chemical profile were obtained. Four rats were sacrificed at 10 min, 7,14, 21 and 28 days respectively following follow up portography. The liver, heart, lungs and kidneys were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Fifteen rats implanted with Walker 256 tumor sized from 3 to 10 mm in liver were scanned with MRI and portography pre SPVE taken. Post SPVE 3 rats were examined with MRI for each group at the same interval as above and the lives were examined microscopically. Results (1) The blood flow to the target portal branches were immediately halted after SPVE. These vessels remained occluded without collateral formation up to 28 days. (2) The liver indexes and BUN level increased after embolization, but returned to normal within 21 d. Macroscopic and microscopic changes were not found in the heart, lungs or kidneys. (3) In the healthy rats, the affected segment was atrophic and the remaining liver underwent compensatory hypertrophy. Histologic examination revealed that the targeted portal veins were coagulated, the endothelium were degenerated and the local hepatocytes were necrotic after embolization. (4) In the rats with implanted liver tumor, the affected segment including the tumor was necrotic and atrophic. The tumors were completely necrotic, and no viable tumor cell was seen under microscope in 12 among the 15 rats. Three tumors 10 mm in diameter were not completely necrotic. Part of tumor cells were still alive and infiltrated into the surrounding liver. Conclusion SPVE with ethanol is effective in the treatment of small liver tumor in rats. However,in case of bigger tumors involving several segments, SPVE should be combined with other treatment.


Climate change is the most significant challenge of the century, as increasing evidence of its impacts and the human actions responsible for it become apparent. There is a growing concern across the world regarding attaining the consensus and commitment needed to take action for positioning climate change in a broader foreign policy context. Mohammad Tarikul Islam examines this from the Bangladesh perspective.


Gewuzhizhi chapter is very important in the understanding of the text 『The Great Learning(大學)』. Ju-hee said that the Gewuzhizhi chapter was disappeared, and he created it himself and transferred it to 『The Great Learning(大學)』. Many people questioned that the contents of the Confucian classics were created by individuals. Donggye Jo Gwi-myeong also argues that the Gewuzhizhi chapter did not disappear in the first place, and that the contents can be restored by correcting the mixed order.
This paper is the result of introducing the contents and considering the meaning of , a new material containing Donggye Jo Gwi-myong's arguments. The writings of Jo Gwi-myeong and Lee Heon-kyung, which were used as data in this paper, have not yet been mentioned in academia. Jo Gwi-myeong widely reviewed the previous data and insisted on his new theory. There are not many similar cases in the history of the study of Confucian classics in Joseon dynasty, and the contents are also very original. Donggye's  is a work that coincides with Donggye's original work in terms of sentences, and it is considered to be an important material to be studied and remembered.


A study concerning pesticide residues in 180 samples of dessert grapes is reported. It is based on chemical data obtained during the period 1988-1996, by the L.S.P. of Turin, at present named A.R.P.A. (Environmental Protection Agency of Piedmont). Over 20,000 verifications, regarding more than 100 different analytes, have been performed. The whole work allowed to find 45 different pesticides and 605 positive results (defined as analyte concentration ≥ 0.01 ppm). Measurements have been confirmed by either GC-MS or DAD. Samples have been collected in the most important market of fruits and vegetables existing in Piedmont (North-West Italy). The study shows the average season trends of different pesticide residues, i.e. 20 fungicides, 19 insecticides, 5 acaricides and 1 repellent. The historical series of data and some trend lines are also shown. Regular and irregular samples have been classified according to Italian and, in most cases, also to European regulation. The study shows the high number of irregular samples (about 50%) during the period November-January when dessert grapes are over the natural season of production. Another relevant aspect concerns the number of different pesticides (up to 12 in a single sample). At present such values have a progressive up-trend.


Bird imagery is one of the most striking themes explored by Bronze Age potters in many parts of Europe, not least along the middle and the lower reaches of the Danube in the Carpathian Basin and Central Balkans. While the ideas and the symbolism at the root of this widespread manifestation were broadly shared and had their origin in the Bronze Age belief system, the way in which bird imagery was expressed in clay was highly variable. These variations offer an opportunity to explore the creative processes behind bird-shaped and bird-ornamented objects.


In the recent issue of this Journal, Mr.Yoshiki Kikuchi wrote about the rapid fertility decline since 1973 in Japan. He implied in it that the recent low fertility in Japan, measured by total fertility rates, reflected the decrease in birth intention of the average married couple toward less than two children. Based on the assumption that fertility behavior of Japanese women changed fundamentally in 1970's, he attempted population projections in which he assumed women would have only 1. 5 children on average in the future Japan.In my judgement, such argument is totally unwarranted. There has been no significant change in the legal status and the extent of actual prevalence of birth control measures in around early 1970's. In this respect Japanese situation is completely different from the Western countries where the diffusion of modern contraceptive methods and the liberalization of induced abortion presumably contributed to the recent fertility decline there.No evidence has shown that Japanese married couples have changed their fertility dramatically toward less than two children. Mean number of children ever born for 1955-1965 marriage cohorts were almost invariably about 2.2 and the total intended number of children was also 2.2 on average for more recent marriage cohorts.Although such social and economic changes as industrialization, urbanization, the rising aspirations for living, and the rise of educational level, may have been conducive to the long-run low fertility in Japan, they cannot explain the recent abrupt decline in period fertility rates. Also, there has been no significant change in married women's status either within or out of home.The major reason for the recent decline in period fertility rates is the simultaneous rise in the mean age at marriage for both sexes since 1973, which is, in turn, not only due to the abrupt shrinkage of the size of younger age cohorts in the marriage market after the "baby boom" cohort, but also due to the recent rise in the proportion of women entering colleges. Fragmentary data seem to indicate that marital fertility itself has declined recently, but this should be interpreted not as the decline in completed fertility but as the temporal decline due to the spacing of childbearing.


Abstract A novel method for detecting and measuring the static atomic displacements from the perfect crystal sites existing in some alloys is investigated. The method uses the influence of the channelling of an electron beam on the ratio of the numbers of characteristic X-rays emitted by two atoms which are displaced differently with respect to the average lattice planes. Calculations taking into account the delocalization of the ionizing events and the atoms' thermal vibrations show that displacements smaller than 0·01 nm should be detectable. This is confirmed by an experimental STEM study of thin In0.53Ga0.47As epitaxial layers, where the arsenic atoms are shown to be displaced from the perfect crystal sites more than are the indium and gallium atoms.


The necessary and sufficient conditionns of spherical curve is plane curve on the base of other papers,and achieves an equation of the plane of plane curve in spherical.


Income Tax - schedule D introduction to VAT pay as you earn (PAYE) National Insurance. Appendices: tax publications guide sample tax and NI tables answers to questions miscellaneous tax points.


We investigate the Parker instability (PI) influenced by thermal processes in a non-adiabatic, gravitationally stratified interstellar medium and discuss a model including the photoionization heating together with the supplemental heating mechanisms postulated by Reynolds, Haffner and Tufte. A cooling rate due to radiative losses is described by an approximation to the realistic cooling function of Dalgarno and McCray for ionized interstellar gas. An unperturbed initial state of the system simultaneously represents both a magnetohydrostatic and thermal equilibrium, and is thermally stable. We perform a set of 3D numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the zeusmp code. We find that PI developing in the presence of non-adiabatic effects promotes a transition of gas in magnetic valleys to a thermally unstable regime. We find that the region of initially enhanced density due to PI starts to condense more as the result of thermal instability action. The density in this region rises above the classical isothermal limit of two times the equilibrium value at the mid-plane. The maximum density in an evolved system reaches 10–40 times the equilibrium value at the mid-plane, and the structures so formed attain oval shapes. These results lead to the conclusion that PI, operating in the presence of realistic cooling and heating processes, can trigger the formation of dense clouds, which may give rise to giant molecular complexes.


What some people believe about Haiti and the devastating effects of the 2010 earthquake revolves around the coverage in the media. While the media hinted at what was going on after the January 12th earthquake, it was not a completely accurate portrayal of the complex issues that existed in the various tent cities of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Almost two years later in 2011, almost 500,000 people were still living in unacceptable conditions in scattered parts of the capital. The things that I witnessed firsthand in Port-au-Prince over the summer of 2011 as an undergraduate student conducting ethnographic research speak to the impact that the earthquake has had beyond the physical damage, particularly in terms of social conditions. What I came away with from my research was that making change is not a question of economics but of humanity.


Epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) materials, exhibiting unique physical characteristics such as near‐zero refraction, have aroused extensive interest and exhibit great potentials in novel applications of perfect absorbers, high‐harmonic generation, and nonlinear optical response. Here, for the first time, magnetic‐driven broadband ENZ materials are designed by fabricating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Ni@carbon nanotubes (CNTs) films. Dielectric properties including real permittivity (ɛ′), imaginary permittivity (ɛ″), dielectric loss (tanδ), and impedance (Z) are investigated. When Ni@CNTs content reached 30 wt.%, negative permittivity transferred to positive permittivity at ≈11.5 MHz, and epsilon‐near‐zero (|ɛ′| < 1) is realized from ≈9 to 14 MHz, exhibiting broad ENZ bandwidth of ≈5 MHz. Theory calculations confirm that delocalized electrons are introduced from CNTs, which improve the carrier mobility and achieve low frequency dispersion behavior. Longer interfacial polarization electric fields between PVA and CNTs are also demonstrated by theory calculations, enhancing the positive permittivity response to offset negative permittivity response from Ni@CNTs. These two mechanisms result in broadband ENZ at radio frequency. This film also exhibits excellent magnetic actuation ability under magnetic field, broadening applications from ENZ materials to novel fields such as magnetically actuated robots with perfect absorption, magnetic‐driven biomimetic aircrafts with shielding ability, magnetic‐driven photodetectors, etc.


Faced the large range and the more accuracy to measure height,the paper gives a practical method to measure height with PN code.The number of integral periods of PN code delay element time was used to measure the distance roughly,PLL was used to purify PN code clock signals of receiving terminal,and the difference frequency phase meas- urement technique was used to accurately measure phase shift of PN code clock signals and to finally accurately measure the height.The ranging accuracy may be better than 0.3m and the quantization error may be better than 0.2m while the timing clock frequency is as low as 50MHz.


The aim of this study is to analyze the inquisitorial process of the slave Daniel Pereira, implicated in the crime of sodomy in Recife and condemned by the Holy Office of the Court in Lisbon. From a micro-historical approach, we investigated the inquisitorial ritualistic and legal connections in which the defendant was inserted, resulting in the construction of a biographical piece that brought up a furtive and passionate homosexual conduct in a seventeenth century Aljube. We emphasize the life story of a sodomite slave, to be processed by the Court of the Faith, it was susceptible to capital punishment intended to heretics.


Combined with the characteristics of communication buildings and the development in earthquake resistance author points out that selecting proper protected intensity, building system and structural system in building design are major steps to ensure seismic performance of communication buildings.


and one observes that the vapor pressure is lowered correspondingly. If water is added, the matrix swells by the same pressure. The fact that water can be pressed out of a gel, and that the swelling pressure has been found to be equivalent to the lowering of its vapor pressure, suggests that the mechanism is the same as in the capillary system, i.e., that the hydrostatic pressure is equivalent but opposite (negative) to the swelling (matrix) pressure. When a solution is forced against a semipermeable membrane, only the solute molecules are held back by the barrier, and hence their osmotic pressure can be measured. However, when the barrier is simply the free surface of the solvent, the solute molecules must exert their force upon it, thereby causing the solvent pressure to drop 24 atm per mole, with an equivalent drop in the vapor pressure. Viewed in this manner, not only the activity but indeed the hydrostatic pressure of the solvent is the same in all compartments of an osmotic system at equilibrium. Seeing solute and matrix pressure as analogues gives, therefore, a uniform explanation for the water relations in capillary, colloidal, and solute systems. It explains quantitatively the osmotic pressure and the lowering of the vapor pressure, and does away with the contradictory hydrostatic solvent gradients in the membrane at equilibrium.


Objective: Increasingly, social workers are using standardized skill-building models to provide services to children that are time limited, focused on specific attainable goals, and easily evaluated. Scant attention has been paid to the impact of leader and group factors on the behavioral change of participants in skill-building groups. Method: Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effects of leader education and experience, therapeutic alliance, and group participation on the prosocial skill development of low-income, elementary-aged children at risk for aggressive behavior. A total of 794 children participated in 106 groups led by 24 graduate/non-graduate-level leaders. Results: Findings indicated that development of prosocial skills decreased aggressive behaviors in the groups. Education level of the leader and group participation contributed to skill development. Experience level implementing the intervention affected aggression level. Conclusions: The findings have important implications for training and supervision of group facilitators, future research on skill-based groups with children, and generalization of skills to school, family, and community settings.


The state of shortage of water is deepened worldwide present, therefore it is bite countermeasure about a shortage of water phenomenon is becoming big problem with administration of water demand. In these situation, with water frugality, the wastewater reclamation and reusing system is observed as principal parts water resources. Therefore, this research does to factory building which use water by vast quantity and affect big water contamination of rivers and so on, and analyze introduction effect and economic performance of the wastewater reclamation and reusing system. Diffusion of the wastewater reclamation and reusing system consists in some degree and is used steadily in case of individuation factory building in domestic present. However, factory building is massed and because there is no the wastewater reclamation and reusing system introduction in industrial complex that equip waste water disposal plant that handle wastewater jointly flowing in wastewater that use in each factory building, is situation that the research is pressing.


A novel metabolite, auranthine, has been isolated from sporing cultures of Penicillium aurantiogriseum and its structure, 6,7,7a,8-tetrahydroquinazolino[3′,2′:1,6]pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepine-9,16-dione comprising anthranilate and glutamine moieties, has been elucidated from spectral evidence and biosynthetic reasoning.


Background: Multinucleon transfer reactions have recently attracted attention as a possible path to the synthesis of new neutron-rich heavy nuclei. Purpose: We study transfer reactions involving massive nuclei with the intention of understanding if the semiclassical model GRAZING coupled to an evaporation and fission competition model can satisfactorily reproduce experimental data on transfer reactions in which fission plays a role. Methods:We have taken the computer code GRAZING and have added fission competition to it (GRAZING-F)using


Objective: To compare the mean onset time of motor and sensory block of Isobaric Ropivacaine and Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for elective caesarean sections at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi.
Methods: A double blinded Randomized control trial study carried out over the period of six months, from August 2016 to January 2017 using non probability consecutive sampling technique. A total of 128 pregnant women planned for LSCS under spinal anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (Group B and Group R) receiving equipotent doses of spinal anaesthetic drugs. In group B, spinal anaesthesia were given to 64 patients with intrathecal injection of 3ml of 0.5% (5mg/ml) Hyperbaric Bupivacaine and in group R, 64 patients received spinal anaesthesia using 3ml of 0.5% (5mg/ml) Isobaric Ropivacaine. Motor block was evaluated by using Modified Bromage scale score and a score of >2 is consider as optimal motor nerve block. Sensory block was evaluated by using 25G needle pinprick method along the mid clavicular line bilaterally and sensory block (loss of sensation to pain) at T6 level is consider as optimal sensory nerve block. At 10 minutes, Final outcome for each group B and R will be labelled in term of mean time of achievement of motor and sensory block and two dermatomal sensory segment regression.
Results: Out of 128 patients, 64 patients receiving spinal anaesthesia using Hyperbaric Bupivacaine the mean duration to achieve sensory nerve block at T6 Level is found to be faster as compare to Isobaric Ropivacaine while the mean onset time of motor nerve block was also considerably significant in between the two groups (p=0.049).The Regression time of maximum sensory block from two dermatomal skin level is also found to be earlier in Isobaric Ropivacaine as compare to patients receiving spinal anaesthesia with Hyperbaric Bupivacaine (130.34 ± 15.26 vs 146.41 ± 12.81; p-value=0.0005). These regional anaesthetic properties of Isobaric Ropivacaine makes it a safer  regional anaesthetic agent as Hyperbaric Bupivacaine.
Conclusion: Spinal anaesthesia using intrathecal Ropivacaine for elective caesarean sections is an effective and optimal drug of choice. Two Dermatomal Sensory Regression was also found to be earlier in Isobaric Ropivacaine thus ropivacaine provides surgically effective anaesthesia of shorter duration and early sensory onset without compromising neonatal outcome and maternal hemodynamics.


A new real-time control strategy for a matrix converter is presented. This has been optimised for use with high speed generators in directly driven gas turbine CHP units. The strategy is based on a microcontroller system with all calculations performed without the need for external, dedicated hardware. The results show that this approach can produce good quality outputs without introducing any limitations to the circuits inherent versatility.


A transformation of the form x → iy; x, y ∈ R, or a Darbouxal-type similarity transformation with a metric operator η are shown to transform non-Hermitian PT -symmetric Hamiltonians (with positive mass m = + |m|) into their Hermitian partner Hamiltonians (with negative mass m = − |m|) in Hilbert space. PACS codes: 03.65.Ge, 03.65.Ca


Ronald Coase's famous 1974 paper "The Lighthouse in Economics" (in Journal of Law and Economics) is widely cited as demonstrating that private enterprise can produce so called public goods, i.e. go ...


Student practicum is an important part of teacher preparatory program. It is speculated that pre-service teachers who manage to complete their practicum with a sense of accomplishment and success are more likely to choose teaching as their ultimate career. However, before trainee teachers turn into fully-fledged, certified teachers, they need to work through the numerous challenges that student teaching poses on them. The literature adduced in the present paper points to a number of concerns that trainee teachers struggle with. First and foremost, they strongly complain about pupils' misbehaviour and lack of motivation. Other stated problems include trainee teachers' ineffective time and classroom management and feeling of anxiety that accompanies them throughout the whole period of practicum. In the present study we investigated the problems and worries of 108 student teachers majoring in English at the University of Silesia. The findings are congruous with the existing research in that pre-service teachers mostly struggle with pupils' misbehaviour, time management, stress and feeling of anxiety. This emotional strain is caused by a number of factors: lack of confidence in one's teaching skills, inability to introduce order and discipline, demotivated learners, being observed by a supervising teacher and conducting their first lesson.


This article explores the relationship between the recent growth of mass higher education in the Arab Muslim world, particularly in Oman and North Africa, religious activism, and the implications of the "objectified" religious knowledge and authority that modern education encourages. Study of the new ways of knowing and the emerging networks for communication and action produced by mass higher education and contemporary religious activism offers insight into the "political economy" of religious knowledge: the interplay of religion, politics, and national identity. [Islam, Middle East, authority, religion, education]


The paper proposes a graphic study of the Albanian cultural heritage, with particular attention to the themes of conservation and the consequent representation through the use of the line, as the main tool for the analysis of places. In particular, the research is part of a wider field of investigation characterised by a cognitive analysis of the Balkan religious heritage aimed at documentation, conservation and valorisation. This area is of considerable interest to architectural scholars because, as is well known, it is a rare example of the coexistence of different religious cultures that have left clear and evident signs in the architecture of cities. Case study of the research is the Ardenica Monastery in Albania, a place of worship of the Albanian Orthodox Church. The contribution shows the results of the survey phases in order to graphically represent the acquired data by means of a digital information model. The latter, considered as a database on a cognitive basis, can be implemented over time with new information that may change during the knowledge process. In addition, the proposed graphic models can be used for the design of future operations aimed at the conservation and transmission to future generations of the Albanian cultural heritage in its authenticity.


Following an integrated study of fluid flow, fracturing, stress and rock mechanics, silicified rhyolite tuffs and metamorphosed mudstones were hydraulically and chemically stimulated in Desert Peak well 27-15 as part of an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) project. The target well is located on the margins of an operating geothermal field, and the stimulated zones lie at a depth from 3,000 to 3,500 feet where temperatures range from 355 to 385°F. A long initial period of shear stimulation was carried out at low fluid pressures (less than the least horizontal principal stress, Shmin), which increased injectivity by more than one order of magnitude. After this, chelating agents and mud acid treatments were used to dissolve mineral precipitates and open up partially sealed fractures. This chemical stimulation phase temporarily increased injectivity, but led to increased wellbore instability. After a wellbore clean-out, a large-volume hydraulic fracturing operation was carried out at high pressures (exceeding Shmin) and high injection rates over 23 days to promote fluid pressure transfer to greater distances from the borehole, resulting in an additional 4-fold increase in injectivity. Locations of microearthquakes (MEQs) and tracer testing demonstrate growth of the stimulated volume between well 27-15 and active geothermal wells located approximately 0.25 to 1.25 miles to the SSW. The seismic array has been augmented and a final phase of hydraulic fracturing and shear stimulation is being considered to further improve permeability in the region around well 27-15. INTRODUCTION After showing poor initial potential as either a producer or injector, the proximity of well 27-15 to the existing infrastructure, favorable bottomhole temperatures (355 to 385°F), and recent demonstration of hydraulic connectivity to nearby injection wells (Rose et al., 2009) made 27-15 an attractive candidate for an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) project. This well is in the Desert Peak Geothermal Field (DPGF) of western Nevada and operated by Ormat Nevada Inc (Figure 1). With financial support from the Geothermal Technologies Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Ormat Nevada Inc. and a multidisciplinary team of scientists and engineers commenced a rigorous investigation into the suitability of well 27-15 for a variety of stimulation techniques. Findings from these studies led Zemach et al. (2009) to determine that the lower Tertiary Rhyolite unit (between 3,000 to 3,300 feet in well 2715) would be the primary target for the stimulation (Figure 2). Guiding the development of the EGS plan and management of the project were the following parallel goals of the operator (Ormat Nevada, Inc.) and the DOE:  Develop and execute a site-specific EGS stimulation plan which demonstrates techniques that are practical, cost-effective, and transferrable to other project settings;  Improve hydraulic communication between well 27-15 and the existing production field to commercially acceptable levels;  Demonstrate the benefits to the overall power plant production gained through this project. Figure 1. Map of Desert Peak Geothermal Field, Nevada, USA; faults from Faulds et al (2003). Figure 2. South-North geologic cross-section through Desert Peak Geothermal Field; from Lutz et al (2009). With these targets in mind, a multi-phase EGS plan was developed by the project team, including several phases of low-pressure (i.e., below the minimum horizontal principal stress, Shmin) shear stimulation, two stages of chemical stimulation, and an extended phase of high-pressure hydraulic fracturing. The plan also included a multi-faceted monitoring program, which included wellhead and downhole pressure monitoring and periodic pressure-temperaturespinner (PTS) surveys in the study well (27-15), tracer monitoring in nearby production wells (Figure 1), and the real-time observation of microearthquakes (MEQs) through an in-field multi-component seismic monitoring array with the goal of tracking the progress of the stimulation. Linking each phase of the plan was a "living" decision tree that was updated according to the results of each operational task. This allowed the project team to quickly determine whether or not the outcome met pre-defined metrics and the appropriate subsequent steps to take in either case. Ultimately, the benchmark for "go/no-go" decisions throughout the operations was whether or not the injectivity of well 27-15 reached or exceeded commercially acceptable targets for an injection well in the Desert Peak field. For the purpose the project, the injectivity target was 1 gpm/psi or greater in order for 27-15 to be classified as a "very good" injection well. Over the course of the stimulation operations conducted between September 2010 and April 2011, nearly a 60-fold increase in injectivity was realized in well 27-15. In addition, tracer testing and MEQ activity suggest marked progress of the stimulation towards the producing field. Finally, several valuable lessons learned are now informing follow-up work planned at Desert Peak and another DOE-supported EGS project at the nearby Bradys Hot Springs geothermal field. BASIS FOR THE STIMULATION PLAN Shear Stimulation Phase Hydraulic shear stimulation is intended to promote the propagation of shear displacement along existing fracture planes, ideally resulting in self-propping dilatation that yields permanent gains in permeability after fluid pressures are reduced. With the goal of maximizing the stimulated volume at the reservoir depth around 27-15 for increased reservoir contact, shear stimulation was deemed appropriate in the context of EGS. Petrographic, mineralogical, and mechanical analyses of drill cuttings from 27-15 and core specimens from an offset well identified several lithotypes within the Tertiary Rhyolite unit that would be amenable to shear failure stimulation, displaying both brittle failure and the tendency to form self-propping fractures, as documented during laboratory tests (Lutz et al., 2010). In addition, detailed fracture and stress analysis revealed that the density and orientation of fractures within the target interval relative to the in-situ stress field are favorable to hydraulic shear stimulation (Davatzes & Hickman, 2009; Hickman & Davatzes, 2010). Interpretation of the three-dimensional state of stress (Davatzes & Hickman, 2009; Hickman & Davatzes, 2010) estimated the azimuth of the minimum horizontal principal stress (Shmin) to be 114° ± 17° with a magnitude of 1995 ± 60 psi (equivalent to a wellhead injection pressure of 750 psi). This implies that the orientation of the maximum horizontal principal stress (SHMax) – the dominant direction in which fractures undergoing shear failure as well as hydraulic fractures should strike – is approximately 25° ± 19°. Geomechanical analyses from well 23-1, located about 1 mile to the southeast of well 27-15, are in agreement with these results (Robertson-Tait et al., 2004). This NNE-SSW orientation is considered optimal since the goal of the stimulation is to improve the hydraulic connectivity between 27-15 and the existing injectors to the SSW, 21-2 and 22-22 (see Figure 1). Together these analyses led to the formulation of the first phase of the plan: the low-pressure (i.e., below Shmin) shear stimulation. Throughout this phase of the stimulation wellhead injection pressures, starting at 250 psi, would be stepped up in 100 psi increments until a maximum injection pressure of 650 psi was reached. This approach was intended to progressively extend the shear-stimulated volume outwards from the near-wellbore region into the farfield reservoir without creating new hydraulic fractures. Each step was planned to last approximately one week, after which injection would be stopped to allow for pressure fall-off observation, a static PTS survey, and a determination of the measured gain in injectivity. Success of this phase of the stimulation was based largely on the commercial acceptability criterion defined by the operator and on the relative improvements between injection steps (Figure 3). Failing to achieve acceptable gains in injectivity during this phase of the stimulation, the decision would be made to proceed with the chemical stimulation phase. Figure 3. Shear stimulation decision tree. Chemical Stimulation Phase In an internal report to the project team, Rose et al. (2011) describes a two-stage chemical stimulation plan targeting carbonates and clays in the formation. During the first stage, 45,000 to 60,000 gallons of 2.0 to 4.0% (by weight) solution of a chelating acidic sodium sulfophthalate (SPA) would be injected into 27-15 and then displaced by water into the nearwellbore formation. The slower reaction kinetics of the chelating agent would require a period of 48 hours to interact with the formation. Afterwards, a step-rate injection test would be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the chelating solution in dissolving carbonate vein filling observed in the upper rhyolitic interval (Lutz et al., 2010). Another key observation from the petrological work conducted by Lutz et al. (2010) was the presence of smectite-rich clays on the surface of induced failure planes of the argillaceous rhyolite core samples that were subjected to laboratory mechanical testing. Presence of clay smearing on the pre-existing fracture surfaces in the formation would likely result in ductile rather than brittle failure and would be less prone to self-propping dilatation. During the second stage, if necessary, 12,000 gallons of a traditional mud acid treatment of 12% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 3% hydrofluoric acid (HF) would be pumped into the formation to dissolve remaining silicas, silicates, and clays within the nearwellbore region. Afterwards, a second step-rate injection test and PTS survey would be conducted to verify the effectiveness of the treatment and estimate any gain in injectivity. A target injectivity of 0.3 gpm/psi wa


The total amount of nm23 protein, the relative ratios of H1 and H2 isoforms (H2/H1) and the localization of these proteins in human normal tissues were studied by a semiquantitative immunoblot technique followed by densitometry and immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody against nm23 protein (Pan-242). All tissues contained both isoforms recognized as the 20.5kD H1 protein and 18.5kD H2 protein by immunoblotting. Nm23 protein was abundant in liver, kidney and adrenal gland tissue, and scarce in heart and muscle. H2 levels were always higher than H1, but the isoform ratios (H2/H1) were variable from tissue to tissue. Immunostaining revealed that nm23 protein was predominantly present in cytoplasm and the pattern of staining was homogeneous in parenchymal cells of the liver, pancreas and colonic mucosa and heterogeneous in gastric mucosa and kidney. These results demonstrated that the levels of nm23 protein and the H2/H1 ratios and distribution of isoforms were different in each tissue, and suggests that, when the alterations of nm23 gene expression in tumor tissues are examined, the levels and ratios in non-tumorous tissues surrounding the tumor nest should be considered.


We use the augmented Lagrangian formalism to derive discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulations for problems in nonlinear elasticity. In elasticity, stress is typically a symmetric function of strain, leading to symmetric tangent stiffness matrices in Newton's method when conforming finite elements are used for discretization. By use of the augmented Lagrangian framework, we can also obtain symmetric tangent stiffness matrices in DG methods. We suggest two different approaches and give examples from plasticity and from large deformation hyperelasticity.


The present invention provides a method to control a virtual keypad in an electronic device and a device thereof. The method to control a virtual keypad in an electronic device comprises the steps of: detecting a plurality of key inputs; determining whether the detected key inputs includes at least one index key; and when the detected key inputs includes the at least one index key, deactivating the key input through a virtual keypad.


Using a modelling package such as Alias Maya or SoftImage XSi to create a natural scene is too tedious to be practical. Procedural generation techniques reduce the amount of work involved, but there may still be too many parameters to be selected manually. We propose a new method of generating natural scenes, using a genetic algorithm (GA) to infer the user's preferences from user feedback. In order to allow the goal to be reached in a reasonable time, the GA must converge quickly. The scene generation and display preprocessing must also be efficient. We present techniques that attain these goals while still producing reasonable quality output and interactive frame-rates. We also compare this approach to having a user manually select parameters.


Educational programming for the handicapped child requires input from a variety of disciplines. However, team strategies to maximize communication among various disciplines have not been incorporated into preservice training programs. Special education teachers are not provided the instruction and experience needed to incorporate team skills into real-life situations. Research indicates the transdisciplinary team process provides optimum services for special education students. For the process to be successful, a teacher must be adequately prepared to function as an integral part of the team. This article is presented in support of such a model. A review of existing special education training models is presented along with a rationale for team training. The transdisciplinary process is described, and recommendations for implementation of a transdisciplinary training program as a step forward in the development of special education teacher preparation are given.


In order to ensure anti-sticking and wear- resisting properties,according to the characteristics of less-teeth gear transmission and relationships between the parameters,considering the spiral angle and backlash on the modification coefficient,meshing equation with backlash was deduced to determine the sum of the modification coefficient; such as sliding rate as a condition of distribution and modification coefficient limited as a constraint condition,using MATLAB software to write,the numerical selection of modification coefficient of less-gear pair was achieved. Modification coefficient of ordinary gear selected by program was compared to the classical modification coefficient,the comparison results show that the program can not only realize the numerical choice of modification coefficient of less-gear pair,which provides a reference for the further research and extension of for less-teeth gear.


Social media is a powerful tool for updating knowledge, news, and events that occur faster than television. The importance of digital literacy is a powerful stick for fighting rampant social media crime. There are many ways to prevent bad things from happening to social media users. The purpose of this article is to explain the importance of digital literacy for the general public, especially Indonesia. The recent incident with junior high school students was a sad portrait of social media. Evil comments seem to be a natural thing found in every news about them. The lack of attitude in cyberspace is the homework of today's generation. Things like this are not only in Indonesia, almost all the world experiences it and must be reminded often that the polite and polite attitude in the world can be applied. Low awareness of the "code of ethics" social media becomes a complex problem and the need for learning and early application to the current generation in particular. This article uses documentation research and reviews online news content about events on social media. The result is that people, Indonesia in particular, are still not very good at dealing with viral things on the internet.


Mixed oligopolies are characterized by the coexistence of private and public enterprises. The literature on mixed oligopolies indicates that, assuming all private firms are identical, the optimal degree of privatization increases with the number of private firms. In other words, the more concentrated the market is, the more the government should privatize public firms. We revisit this problem by introducing cost-heterogeneity among private firms. We show that under the assumption of constant marginal costs, a new entry by a private firm will not reduce the optimal degree of privatization, regardless of the cost differences among private firms. However, under the assumption of increasing marginal costs, we show that a new entry will reduce the optimal degree of privatization when the new entrant is significantly less efficient than the private firms already present. Our results imply that the relationship between competition and privatization polices are more complicated than the literature suggests, and they depend on the cost structure of private firms.


Sponge city is a new type of urbanization development model which can effectively solve the urban water security problems and promote the harmonious development of man and nature. The development of "sponge" plays an important role in the construction of sponge city. In this paper, the basic methods of protection, restore and construction of "sponge" development are expounded in details, and the experiences of "sponge" development in Tianjin, Hangzhou and Chongqing are demonstrated to provide some references for the relative researchers.


On November 22, 1994 World News Tonight with Peter Jennings, an ABC News broadcast, devoted two four-minute segments on its "American Agenda,, feature to human intelligence research. One segment concerned the recently published book The Bell Curve and its surviving co-author, Charles Murray. The other segment concerned the nonprofit Pioneer Fund, which had supported via grants to universities the work of researchers whose publications were cited in The Bell Curve. The ABC News broadcast concluded with the message that the Pioneer Fund supported, and The Bell Curve depended on, researchers whose work was "not good science."


IT is known that alveolar PCO, and base excess are lower during the second half of the menstrual cycle, considered to be due to increased progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum. There are few detailed data on changes in ventilatory function and acid-base status and no previous study has compared normal cycles with those regulated by oral contraceptives. In the present study, 10 women with regular ovulatory cycles had ventilatory function [minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO,) and alveolar PCO,] and capillary acid base status (pH, base excess, bicarbonate and PCO,) estimated four times during each of three consecutive cycles. Comparable observations were made on seven women taking combined oestrogen/progestogen oral contraceptives. In the normal group mean VE and VO, were lowest in the follicular phase and rose following ovulation to maximum values in the late luteal phase. This cyclical variation was confirmed by the alveolar and capillary PCO,, base excess and bicarbonate results. In the women taking oral contraceptives, there was no significant cyclical variation in any of the ventilatory parameters. Comparison of the two groups showed a mean VE and VO, consistently greater, and PCO, and base excess consistently less in the 'pill' group than the BY


In this article, we use enterprise population‐level data to investigate the effectiveness of Chinese unions in improving employee wage and nonwage compensation. We show that the effectiveness of Chinese unions stems from a "collective voice" face rather than from a "monopoly" face. The empirical findings on the effectiveness of unions are remarkable: unions in the workplace significantly improve employee wage and nonwage compensation, along with employee training. Moreover, the presence of unions within the same region and industry generates positive spillovers for employee compensation. The unions in China do have "real" effects.


The objective of the research work is to demonstrate how the theoretical application
of the analysis to the financial statements contributes to the financial decision-making in
the Cooperativa de Ahorro y Credito Parroquia San Lorenzo Trujillo Ltda. 104, distrito de
Trujillo, 2016-2017. The following research question was posed: How does the analysis of
financial statements contribute to financial decision-making in the Cooperativa de Ahorro
y Credito Parroquia San Lorenzo. 104, distrito de Trujillo, 2016-2017? , the analysis of the
financial statements contributes significantly to the financial decision making in the
Cooperativa de Ahorro y Credito Parroquia San Lorenzo. 104, distrito de Trujillo, 2016-
2017. A quantitative approach with an explanatory design was used. For the data
collection, the documentary analysis technique was used, with the data record sheet
instrument. The information obtained was classified and analyzed and generated results
that proved inadequate management of the General Manager and poor financial decision
making, to the detriment of the partners.
Finally, the results of the application of the analysis to the 2017-2018 financial
statements, contributes significantly to the financial decision-making of the Cooperativa's
senior management, this is proven by the establishment of policies, goals and strategies on
the assets: credit portfolio and available funds, have generated positive results.


It has previously been established that multiple hydraulic fractures can be created from a single borehole by high-rate, high-pressure, pulsed-fracture treatment. It was the objective of the project to quantitatively understand the process by a combined experimental-theoretical program. A fracture initiation model was developed based on a coupled pore pressure-stress formalism and classical mode I flaw opening concepts. The dependence of fracture initiation on pressurization rate, peak pressure, and the physical parameters of the formation and frac fluid, which is contained within the formalism, is evaluated. A simple fracture propagation model has been used in conjunction with the fracture initiation model to aid in defining multiple fracture-experiment design parameters, and indicates that borehole storage effects can play a major role in initial fracture extension.


The article is an attempt to address the issues of determining the time limits applicable to social security law in the system of legal facts. To achieve this goal, the definition of a term by the concept of legal fact is given, the classification of legal facts on the basis of volitional signs on events and actions is analyzed, the expediency of assigning terms to facts-events absolute or relative, depending on the influence of subjects at the beginning of these periods is proved.


Infectious diseases represent a major health problem world wide.A complex combination of environmental,pathogen,and host genetic factors plays a role in determining both susceptibility to particular microbes and the course of infection.Numerous studies have now mapped and identified relevant genes using single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) asmarkers and a variety of both family-based and population-based approaches.Much interest has been focused on susceptibility to malaria,HIV/AIDS,HBV and SARS infection.


Korea can be considered a success story in terms of budget transparency as well as economic development. According to the Open Budget Index, published by the International Budget Partnership, Korea is one of the top performers in budget transparency in the Asia Pacific region (IBP 2010). During the authoritarian era in Korea, however, budget information as well as overall government information was not widely shared. Secrecy, rather than transparency, was deemed necessary for efficiency. The Korean case highlights the important role of democracy in promoting fiscal transparency. We first assess the positive achievements and limitations in budget transparency and participation in Korea. Then, we conduct historical process tracing in order to identify key milestones and watershed moments that allowed for breakthroughs. We provide detailed accounts of how fiscal democracy has been institutionalized through various reforms. We further attempt to explain the factors and mechanisms that have facilitated these processes and examine the roles of various actors, such as presidents, legislators, the judiciary, and in particular, civil society organizations and the media. We also analyze how budget information was used and what effects enhanced budget transparency had on budgetary priorities, government efficiency, and corruption. We conclude, emphasizing the role of civil society organizations in promoting and maintaining virtuous circles of fiscal democracy.


We investigate the observational constraints on inflationary parameters in the context of a holographic cosmology with an induced gravity correction. We consider two situations where a universe is first filled with a scalar field and second with a tachyon field. Both cases are investigated in a slow-roll regime. We adopt a quadratic potential and an exponential potential for the scalar and the tachyon inflation, respectively. In this regard, the standard background and perturbative parameters characterizing the inflationary era are modified by correction terms. We show a good agreement between theoretical model parameters and Planck2018 observational data for both scalar and tachyon fields.


CRI instrument measures the parenting skills, attitudes towards parenting and parental attitudes
towards their children. The purpose of the research is to translate Parent–Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI) to
Malay Version and to validate the internal consistency through pilot test. The back-translation method was
utilized in the translation process. Pilot study involved n = 80 parent who have children ages 3 to 15 years old
completed the PCRI. The results of the pilot tests have reported the Cronbach's Alpha Value of the 78 item is
.85 and subscale between α = .61 and α = 1.00, indicating that the items were designed accordingly to the
Malaysian cultural context. Implications and suggestion to career counselling are discussed.


Introduction During the past several years sufficient experience has been gained in the technique of electromyography of the human extraocular muscles to fairly appraise its usefulness. 1-10 As a research tool it is of inestimable value in the analysis of the innervational basis of normal and disordered motility. Fundamental insights are being gained in the mechanisms maintaining normal extraocular muscle balance, so essential to binocular single vision. The sources of tonic innervation of eye muscle, although not well understood, now have become considerably clearer and may eventually be fully revealed in the course of analytic studies. The complex interrelationship of versions and vergences is being clarified, permitting a new understanding of the manner in which central adjustment of opposing sources of innervation is brought about. Through the study of varied types of pathologic involvement of the extraocular muscles it has been possible to make certain preliminary judgments concerning the nature


We consider classical and Bayesian estimation procedures implemented by means of a set of conditional moment conditions that depend on latent variables. The latent variables evolve according to a Markovian transition density. Two main classes of applications are: 1) GMM estimation with time-varying parameters; and 2) estimation of nonlinear Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. The key idea is to base inference on an approximate likelihood that depends on conditional moment conditions. Bayesian estimation using this approach has received previous attention. The Bayesian results, which exploit some differences between Bayesian and frequentist inference, are summarized. Two methods for extending the Bayesian results to frequentist inference are discussed: 1) a particle filter approach. and, 2) a nonparametric sieve approach. At the present state of development, the former holds the most promise.


Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Bleomycin sulfate is an ant i tumor antibiotic with clinical activity against Hodgkin 's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, esophagus, cervix, penis, and skin; and carcinoma of the testis. T h e major dose-limiting toxicity of bleomycin is pulmonary fibrosis. Factors influencing development of this serious side effect include age, cumulative dose, and prior radiation therapy to the chest. Although pulmonary fibrosis will develop in less than 10% of patients receiving bleomycin, ' t reatment of this complication is generally unsuccessful. Some authors have pointed out that early diagnosis and subsequent withdrawal of the d rug may prevent progression to fibrosis,' 5 but in most series the irreversible na ture of symptomatic bleomycin pulmonary toxicity has been emphasized. , 2 Corticosteroid therapy in part icular has been disappointing, with only anecdotal mention of responding patients. W e have studied two patients with severe bleomycin pulmonary toxicity who recovered af ter steroid therapy.


The objective of the study was to review media coverage (print ) related to HIV/AIDS in three states (Gujarat, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh) in order to determine the gaps in reporting. [CCMG Working Paper]. URL:[http://jmi.ac.in/upload/menuupload/V0.02Stigma.pdf].


The intellectuals are the elite of advanced sciences,representing moral pioneers as well as the social conscience.The universities are the right palaces where the intellectuals are cultivated.The development of higher education should keep pace with the construction of a harmonious society.Nowadays in China,higher education of China has stepped into a stage of popularity,therefore we should learn and practice the advanced theory and experience from other countries,try to combine them with local situations in order to keep the sustainable development of higher education.The parliamentary administration system of the US university shows us the integrated administration model of "transparent administration,public participating and democracy governing".We should strengthen the transparent system and strive to create an effective higher education administration model called "President administration while professors run academics".A well-developed higher education system is significant and profound to realize the great revival of Chinese.


We examine a noise reduction scheme exploiting cross-gain modulation in SOAs to convert the incoherent received signal to a coherent signal before the detection process, thus reducing the bit error rate (BER) floor. We present experimental results on the effect on the intensity noise in a spectrum-sliced incoherent light system incorporating semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based noise reduction of the following key parameters: optical bandwidth, electrical bandwidth and the incoherent received power.


Methods are presented and analyzed for approximating the conformal map from the interior (exterior) of the disk to the interior (exterior) of a smooth, simple closed curve and from an annulus to a bounded, doubly connected region with smooth boundaries. The methods are Newton-like methods for computing the boundary correspondences and conformal moduli similar to Fornberg's method for the interior of the disk. We show that the linear systems are discretizations of the identity plus a compact operator and, hence, that the conjugate gradient method converges superlinearly.


Abstract : The test data for performance of flexible pavements were collected, sorted, and tabularized. The test data were analyzed using Boussinessq and layered elastic pavement models. To assist in the analysis, two computer programs were developed. The first program used the Boussinessq model to compute equivalent single-wheel loads. This program will compute the equivalent single- wheel load considering any selected cutoff distance. The second program used layered elastic theory for the analysis of pavements structures. The program has the capability of determining maximum pavement response for several response parameters, determining allowable loads for selected performance criteria, and computing a new layered elastic aircraft classification number. Several different performance criteria were developed including deflection criteria employing different cutoff distances, and strain criteria determined from the layered elastic pavement model. It was shown that deflection and strain criteria could be developed for the design of heavy multiwheel aircraft which would be independent of the number of tires in the aircraft gear. Performance criteria based on deflection, vertical strain, horizontal shear strain, maximum shear strain, and octahedral strain were incorporated into the layered elastic computer program to give predictions for pavement performance. Comparisons of the strain criteria were made with the current design criteria.


When asked what's happiness,perhaps different persons have different answers.Some think wealthis above all,others believe health comes first. Maybe they are reasonablein certain conditions. However,howcan we get


Corporate Culture Marketing is a marketing tool that enhances a company's cultural image or conveys its image through culture. Culture Consumer value analysis is important predictive data in identifying the value and pursuit of life in individual consumption behavior, explaining the choice behavior of culture consumers, and serves as the basis for decision making. The research method was linked to the text mining and opinion mining techniques of big data, and extracted positive, negative and neutral words. The analysis targets culture consumers participating in concerts at Hyundai Card's 'Super Concert', which is subject to domestic consumers, and CJ ENM's 'KCON', which is subject to foreign consumers. The culture consumer value elements of corporate culture marketing are the basic conditions, and they were derived as 'Consensus Communication (Expression of Sensibility)', 'Participation Sharing(VIP Belonging)', 'Social Change Issue', 'Differentiating Services', 'Price Discount Benefit' and 'Location Quality'. In the future, we will need to foster 'Culture Technology Marketers' and apply them in areas such as arts management planning, cultural investment, cultural distribution, cultural space, Corporate Culture, CSR and K-pop marketing to enhance corporate interests and brand value and enhance brand value.


In this paper we propose to make an analysis on the sustainability of policy planning at the level of budgetary revenue collection of the tax administration. The data presented and the analysis made clear that NAFA and in turn G.D.P.F. - S county planning policy promotes an unsustainable revenue, much influenced by the political factor to the detriment of future scientific and that it must change this way, the benefit of the entire Romanian society. In conclusion, a schedule of receipts for which there is no, relevant, practical planning policies promote unsustainable earnings. Instead planning new proposed budget revenue collection is a sustainable planning, as seen in the demonstration made.


Retropharyngeal hematoma is a rare lesion developed after trauma. The development of retropharyngeal hematoma following minor trauma is a rare occurrence. Because this lesion has the possibility of compressing the potential airways, the rapid assessment and treatment are needed. This article discusses two cases of hematoma formation in the retropharyngeal space in an elderly drunken man after a seemingly minor injury. Management is consisted of tracheostomy, endotracheal intubation, and aspiration of hematoma. And retropharyngeal hematoma is associated with cervical extension or flexion injuries, anticoagulation therapy, great vessel trauma, and foreign body ingestion, etc


40Ar/39Ar evidence for 1.4 Ga regional metamorphism in New Chapman, R. E., author of Physics for Geologists. Review by S. D. King, 515 Mexico: Implications for thermal evolution of lithosphere in the southwestern USA [K. E. Karlstrom, R. D. Dallmeyer, Chemical Equilibria and Kinetics in Soils, by G. Sposito. Review by M. A. Velbel, 131 and J. A. Grambling], 205 A Rb-Sr isochron age for a kimberlite from the recently discovChlorite thermometry in the Witwatersrand Basin: Constraints on the Paleoproterozoic geotherm in the Kaapvaal Craton, ered Lac de Gras Field, Slave Province, northwest Canada [W. J. Davis and B. A. Kjarsgaard], 503 South Africa [H. E. Frimmel], 601 Clyde, W. C., J.-P. Zonneveld, J. Stamatakos, G. F. Gunnell, and Abbott, J. G. See Rainbird, R. H. Adams, S. D. See Wiebe, R. A. W. S. Bartels. Magnetostratigraphy across the Wasatchian/ Bridgerian NALMA boundary (Early to Middle Eocene) in Albarede, F., author of Introduction to Geochemical Modeling. Review by D. Archer, 405 the western Green River Basin, Wyoming, 657 Condie, K. C. Contrasting sources for upper and lower continenAlkaline Rocks: Petrology and Mineralogy, by The Canadian Mineralogist. Review by J. V. Smith, 515 tal crust: The greenstone connection, 729 Connor, C. B. See Stamatakos, J. A. Allen, C. R. See Yeats, R. S. Andrews, L. M., and L. B. Railsback. Controls on stylolite devel


During construction, the problem of temperature crack formation in mass concrete structures is really an important issue that needs attention and research. This paper provides an overview of the current criteria for evaluating the possibility of forming thermal cracks. At the same time, the concrete block under certain construction conditions was considered to predict the temperature field and thermal stress. Besides that, the numerical method has been implemented with the help of Midas software for structural analysis. The results obtained allow us to assess the risk of thermal cracking and compare it with the criteria used in actual construction practices.


Aim at general survey for urban underground pipeline.the paper expatiates the methods of process quality control from three aspects which is data input control,procedure control,and method control,monitor and measurement control.In addition,the author brings forward the outline of system and operable on many aspects,such as item borderline and pipeline feature spot determination,pipeline feature spot mark setup,pipeline feature spot depth measurement,pipeline property investigation,etc.It offers references for technicians who engaged in underground pipeline exploration and quality control.


Abstract The herbicides isoxaben (Gallery) and oryzalin (Surflan) are commonly used to prevent weed emergence around ornamental plants in nurseries and landscapes. Saturated batch experiments were ...


Subcutaneous triptan provides immediate analgesia in migraine and cluster headache but is limited by high pain recurrence due to rapid drug elimination. A dual-acting subcutaneous formulation providing immediate release of a triptan and slow but sustained release of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug may provide a longer duration of relief. A microemulsion-based technology has various advantages over other technically complex dosage forms. Oil-in-water microemulsions of zolmitriptan and diclofenac acid using Labrafac Lipophile, Tween 80, Capryol 90 and water were prepared. One formulation was characterised in vitro and found to have uniformly dispersed nanosized globules. The formulation provided differential release of zolmitriptan and diclofenac acid both in vitro as well as in vivo that may be potentially beneficial to migraine patients.


The background, techniques employed, and results of the strong-motion measurements from the first test by the United States of a confided, underground, nuclear detonation are summarized.


A subpicosecond KrF* laser system with a nearly diffration-limited beam and peak power on the order of 50 GW (capable of focusing to > 1017 W/cm') has been developed. The means of producing ultrashort seed pulses for the KrF* amplifier system are described. It is shown that efficient energy extraction is possible on a subpicosecond time scale and that deleterious effects such as optical damage and self-focusing do not limit the scaling of such a device to producing terawatt pulses in the 1 J energy range.


A practical algorithm is described for the computation of the transition matrix and its integral of a time-invariant state-space system. It is based on the partial Taylor expansion of the matrices, and methods for reducing computations and increasing accuracy are given.


Translated from Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz.. Pis'mu Red.; 17: No. 12, A new approach to the four-nucleon problem is considered, based on the use of multiparticle integral equations. The first calculations of this kind for 0/sup +/ states of an alpha particle with allowance for the spin dependence of the nucleon--nucleon interaction are presented. (JFP)


Emergency shelters for earthquake disaster (ESED) is an important part of the prevention system for earthquake and other sudden-onset natural disasters. ESED plays an important role in the reduction of earthquake disasters and emergency evacuation to a safe place for resettlement of affected people. It is important to use GIS technology to establish earthquake emergency shelter planning, construction and information management. We briefly introduce the status quo of the ESED construction and planning of Lianyungang after an analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the establishment of planning, construction and information management, then outline main functions of the ESED, and finally some suggestions for planning, construction and information management are provided.


Transformers have an exposed importance in the power transmission and distribution system. During transportation or short circuit a deformation or displacement of the coil can occur. The frequency response analysis (FRA) technique is one of the most popular measurement methods which can give information about failure. There are many methods commonly used to carry out the FRA measurements. The accuracy depends on the used connection technique, earthing system and measuring devices.


With the emergence of knowledge economy,that demanding librarians have corresponding qualities brings enormous pressure on them.The current situation of our librarians is not in accordance with the demand for knowledge-based economy,which requires to improve librarians' qualities in order to meet the new requirement.


This article examines the concept of pre-emption rights in the Sudan, in particular, the origin, nature and domain of the principle by making four key arguments. Firstly, it argues that, although the doctrine is maintained and applied as a part of Muslim law, it is also applied between Muslims and non-Muslims as equity and good conscience rule rather than as a part of Muslim personal law. Secondly, it presupposes that the doctrine of pre-emption has its roots in Islamic law, although it is not 'exclusive' to Islamic systems. Thirdly, it suggests that the tendency to adopt Islamic theory as a sole reason for implementing the doctrine, sometimes led to judicial debates; for example, the question arose to whether this right existed in favour of a lease holder. Finally, Islamic theory leaves the question open as to whether pre-emptive rights exist in the domain of movable property.


The Wheeler–DeWitt equation for the minimally coupled Friedman–Robertson–Walker-massive-scalar-field minisuperspace is written as a two-component Schrodinger equation with an explicitly "time"-dependent Hamiltonian. This reduces the solution of the Wheeler–DeWitt equation to the eigenvalue problem for a nonrelativistic one-dimensional harmonic oscillator and an infinite series of trivial algebraic equations whose iterative solution is easily found. The solution of these equations yields a mode expansion of the solution of the original Wheeler–DeWitt equation. Further analysis of the mode expansion shows that in general the solutions of the Wheeler–DeWitt equation for this model are doubly graded, i.e., every solution is a superposition of two definite-parity solutions. Moreover, it is shown that the mode expansion of both even- and odd-parity solutions is always infinite. It may be terminated artificially to construct approximate solutions. This is demonstrated by working out an explicit example which tur...


New Book: Christoph Lindner and Miriam Meissner, eds. Global Garbage: Urban Imaginaries of Waste, Excess, and Abandonment (Routledge, 2016) Global Garbage examines the ways in which garbage, in its diverse forms, is being produced, managed, experienced, imagined, circulated, concealed, and aestheticized in contemporary urban environments and across different creative and cultural practices. The book explores the increasingly complex relationship between globalization and garbage in locations ...


Light beam deflection and modulation unit (LDMU) is an inherent part of any laser projection system. The acousto- optic devices are known as the most flexible and convenient ones among such units. As amount of information to be displayed in the projection system screen is one of the most important characteristics of LDMU, it is necessary to assign this characteristic to acousto-optic deflector-modulator and to estimate if for different versions of the devices. The way of information transmission through the acousto-optic modulation and deflection system has been observed in the present paper. The specific information characteristics of acousto-optic LDMU such as information transmission capability and information capacity, has been defined. Their dependence on such physical and technical parameters as resolving power, dynamic range, diffraction efficiency, and frequency bandwidth, has been established and studied. The experimental studies of 2D acousto-optic LDMU based on tellurium dioxide single crystals have shown that even broadcasting TV mode can be provided by a projection which using such kind of LDMU. It has also been shown that the maximum screen size depends only on the power of lasers, and is practically independent on the acousto-optic LDMU parameters.


Skinfald thickness was measused in 102 subjects aged over 40 years using Keys's Caliper and its relationship by measuring points was considered. Furthermore it was studied in 307 normel subjects with blood pressure less than 150mmHg (systolic) and 90mmHg (diastolic), in order to investigate a variation of the skinfold thickness by the body build and occupation. Upper arm, abdomen and back ware chosen as a mesuring point. Following results were obtained.(1) The Skinfold thickness measured at three point were highly correlated among them. (2) The skinfold thichness revealed largest in abdomen. (3) The skinfold of the females, at each measusing point and each group, surpassed that of the males. (4) The skinfold thickness was largest in the subjects aged between 40 and 50 years in both sex. (5) Remarkable variation was seen in the skinfold thickness measured in abdomen and that mesured in back was considered to be best as a nutritional index. (6) Skinfold thickness measured in abdomen was considerablly larger in the sedentary workers. No significant difference was seen in the thickness between abdomen and back in the manual workers.


The effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on the texture of olives, both treated and untreated with NaOH, at pH values lower than 4.0 were determined. Firmness of green olives declined as the pH decreased when calcium ions were not added. Calcium ions inhibited the softening rate of fresh and Spanish style green olives although this inhibitory effect depended on the pH. This firming action of calcium was higher at lower pH for fresh olives and at higher pH values for Spanish style green olives. The inhibitory effect of calcium on softening rate diminished as the concentration of cation increased. The presence of NaCl did not have any effect on the texture of either type of green olives. Lactic acid increased the softening rate of green olives by a higher proportion than acetic acid.


Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of triglyceride.Its changes in activity and content can affect its stearolysis function and the lipid metabolism and distribution in whole body,which then resulted in blood fat disorder,hypertriglyceridemia and low level of HDL.These are all the basis of insulin resistance and atherogenesis.Meanwhile,LPL has contradictive effect in the genesis of thses two pathological process.


Purpose of review Much new information has now become available regarding outcomes of women with epilepsy (WWE) and pregnancy. Recent findings Valproate is associated with a risk of major congenital malformations within a range of 6.2–10.7%, though antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) other than valproate when used as monotherapy are associated with major congenital malformation rates ranging from 2.9 to 3.6%; the rate of major congenital malformations in WWE not treated with AEDs was similar to this at 3.1%. Seizure freedom in 9–12 months before pregnancy is associated with seizure freedom during pregnancy. A decline in AED levels can be expected during pregnancy, most dramatically for lamotrigine (but with marked variability between patients) and least with carbamazepine. Neonates born to WWE taking AEDs who receive vitamin K 1 mg intramuscularly at birth are not at additional risk of hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Summary The use of valproate and polytherapy with any AED combinations should be avoided, if clinically appropriate, during pregnancy. Seizure freedom in 9–12 months before pregnancy should be a goal. AED levels should be maintained at or near the therapeutic level known for that individual patient, with frequent monitoring during pregnancy as appropriate for the patient and the AED.


The purpose of this article is to present some reflections on the way in which the Internet is being used as a stage on which social struggles are fought out and political alliances are formed, which would ultimately reshape the ideas of collective action and social movement. It places emphasis on the approach of some social movements (especially of the indigenous movement in the northern Cauca region) to using the web to expand their repertoires of actions, their objectives for struggle, and the number of stakeholders who join their initiatives. In this respect, we claim that social movements, even without intending to do so, have turned the efforts to establish links and a connectionist attitude, which Boltanski and Chiapello (2002) attributed to workers in flexible labor markets, into core resources of the militant practice.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stability by using different types of taping on knee joint during a jump-stop task. Eight healthy males (aged=19.5±1.2 year, height=174.3±5.9 cm, weight=65.9±4.2 kg) were participated in this study. All the participants performed a jump-stop task under three knee taping conditions (traditional taping, Kinesio taping and non-taping). A high speed camera (Mega Speed 30 Ks), two AMTI force plates and four Biovision electromyography (EMG) systems were used synchronously to collect kinematic, kinetic and EMG data during the landing phase. The Kwon3D and DASYLab 6.0 software were used for further analyses of the data. The results indicated that smaller maximal anteroposterior force and fewer displacement of anteroposterior center of pressure were observed under the traditional and Kinesio taping conditions than the non-taping condition. A smaller average loading rate was reported with the Kinesio taping compared to the non-taping. Regarding kinematic parameters, an increased knee flexion angle at peak impact was observed under the traditional and Kinesio taping conditions than the non-taping condition. A larger maximum knee flexion angle was reported under the Kinesio taping compared to the non-taping. Furthermore, smaller mean EMG amplitudes were found in the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles under the traditional and Kinesio taping conditions. The study concluded that the traditional and Kinesio taping techniques effectively increases the stability by giving a strong support and limiting the forward displacement of the anterior cruciate ligament at a jump-stop task. The Kinesio taping is also beneficial to increase the range of motion of knee joint.


The author gives the historical background of the surgical therapy of the extrapyramidal diseases, from Horsley (1890) to Bucy and Buchanan (1931) and other neurosurgeons who adopted the attack on the "pyramidal" tract, and, afterwards, beginning with Meyers (1940), the operations at the level of the basal ganglia. The good results of pallidectomy and thalamectomy on the parkinsonian tremor and rigidity imposed a reformulation of concepts on the physiopathology of the extrapyramidal system. The author discusses the site of the lesion responsible for the parkinsonian symptomatology, accepting the view that the dyskinesia and the rigidity are caused by a lesion of the substantia nigra, in the same way as lesions of the subthalamic nucleus are responsible for the hemiballism. The author criticizes the classificai concept of the prevailing pallidal site of the lesion and the erroneous jacksonian interpretation of the phenomena. The experimental and surgical contributions to the study of the pathological physiology of the medial pallidum and the ventrolateral nuclei of the thalamus are emphasized. The parkinsonian tremor can be regarded as the result of hyperactivity of the pontomesencephalic reticular formation (Jenkner and Ward), owing to the loss of the inhibitory drive of the locus niger, associated to the sparing of the pallidothalamic facilitation. In the periphery the tremorogenic reticulospinal impulses follow the α route. The parkinsonian rigidity would depend on the same encephalic pathologic processes, but its peripheral physiopathogenesis is controversial. Some authors believe that it results from γ hyperactivity, associated to oversensibility of the inhibitory pathways of the motoneurons (HufSchmidt's 5 system). Other investigators, however, have brought to light experimental data pointing to the partial paralisys of the γ sytem, associated to hyperactivity of the α drive. Finally, the author refers to some theories which try to explain the basic mechanism of the physiopathologic process in the extrapyramidal diseases, especially in parkinsonism: abnormal discharges of degenerating neurons (Cooper), oversensibility of the deafferented nuclei (Jenkner and Ward), imbalance between damaged and preserved neural structures (Alberts et al.).


The CP-angles α, β and γ can be extracted from CP-violating asymmetries in the B system, but only up to discrete ambiguities. These discrete ambiguities make it difficult to determine with certainty whether or not new physics is present. I show that, if the condition α+β+γ=π is imposed, there remains a twofold ambiguity in the CP-angle set (α,β,γ), and I discuss ways to cleanly resolve this final discrete ambiguity.


The DuMont ``Vitascan'' Color TV system produces live color television pictures of high quality without the use of expensive and complicated color television cameras or highly trained and skilled camera and maintenance crews. It is, in fact, a modern all-electronic version of the earliest forms of mechanical live television pickup which employed the flying-spot scanning principles.


Abstract The current study completed the information regarding the phenotypic variability in the Danube ruffe (Gymnocephalus baloni). We also assessed the phylogenetic relationship of G. baloni with the other two species of the genus Gymnocephalus from the Lower Danube River. Ten morphological characters were the most useful together for discriminating between G. baloni and G. cernua from the Lower Danube River. In addition, we found a more streamlined body shape in G. baloni compared with the described holotype, which could be in connection with fish phenotypic response to ecological characteristics of the Lower Danube River.


Plasmodium falciparum 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (Pf-DXR) is a potential target for antimalarial chemotherapy. The three-dimensional model (3D) of this enzyme was determined by means of comparative modeling through multiple alignment followed by intensive optimization, minimization, and validation. The resulting model demonstrates a reasonable topology as gauged from the Ramachandran plot and acceptable three-dimensional structure compatibility as assessed by the Profiles-3D score. The modeled monomeric subunit consists of three domains:  (1) N-terminal NADPH binding domain, (2) connective or linker domain (with most of the active site residues located in this domain), and (3) a C-terminal domain. This structure proved to be consistent with known DXR crystal structures from other species. The predicted active site compared favorably with those of the templates and appears to have an active site with a highly conserved architecture. Additionally, the model explains several site-directe...


Abstract: Although the three articles in this segment propose well-founded systems for capacity development, they are fairly silent on the fundamental issue of how the development of the competencies of individual evaluators will improve the positioning of evaluation in public management and expand evaluation's contribution to societal change. Without disagreeing with the move toward capacity development of evaluators, this article notes that the evaluation function within public systems remains underdeveloped and underfunded and recommends parallel progress on other fronts toward more adequate resources and structures in evaluation.


Ultrasonography of both the liver and kidney in 150 dairy cows was attempted using a grey-scale sonograph with a 3.5 MHz transducer and a linear array electronic scanner. Liver and kidney specimens were examined microscopically and fatty occupying rate was calculated. Digital analysis of hepatic and renal ultrasonograms was performed. The echoes from different areas of the liver and kidney at 1 and 3 cm from the peritoneum were quantified as histogram mean (Emean) and histogram mode (Emode) values of echo amplitude.

Liver-kidney contrast was performed only in 38 out of 150 animals. In the other 112 animals, no images of the liver and kidney at the same distance from the peritoneum could be obtained. Out of 38 animals, 23 had a normal liver and 15 had fatty infiltration of the liver (7, 5 and 3 animals had mild, moderate and severe fatty infiltration, respectively). Fatty infiltration of the kidney was also seen in animals whose liver had >10% fatty occupying rate. At 1 cm from the peritoneum, the hepatic Emeans and Emodes were significantly different from the renal Emeans and Emodes in animals with severe fatty infiltration of the liver (p < 0.05). The results show that for diagnosis of fatty infiltration of the liver, Ultrasonography using liver-kidney contrast has only limited use in dairy cattle.


By classifying the ore explosion at main stope in Baiyunebo,the explosion parameters are designed on its result,and at the same time,the optimization design on charging structure and explosion method that have effect on explosion quality is presented.


Sarcopenia decreases quality of life in the elderly. Changes in the structure and function of aging non‐locomotor muscles remain understudied, despite their importance for daily living. The fast and constant activity of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) imposes extreme mechanical and metabolic stresses, and may render EOMs more sensitive to aging. For example, EOMs have a higher incidence of age‐related mitochondrial defects that could result in apoptosis. Apoptosis seems to contribute to sarcopenia in hind limb muscles. Therefore, we hypothesized that apoptosis increases with age in the EOMs. Muscles from 6‐, 18‐, and 30‐mo old male Fisher 344‐Brown Norway rats were used to estimate mean fiber size, to demonstrate apoptosis by TUNEL and ELISA, and to measure caspase‐3, ‐8, ‐9, and ‐12 activity. EOM fiber area decreased 24% from 6 to 30‐mo of age (481±309 to 367±176 sq. μm respectively). TUNEL positive nuclei increased from 6‐mo to 18‐ and 30‐mo (29.41+ 10.95, 40.79+10.68, and 41.28+10.42 percent of fibers to TUNEL positive nuclei respectively). However, mono‐ and oligonucleosomal content was not elevated with age, indicating that TUNEL may have measured DNA damage. Caspase‐3, ‐8, ‐9, and ‐12 activity was not affected by aging. Based on these data, we conclude that in contrast to hind limb muscles, apoptosis does not increase with age in EOM. Other mechanisms must play a role in the age‐related decline in EOM fiber size.


Development of transgenic Lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum), plants harboring glutaredoxin- 2 gene (GRX-2) was aimed. The first trial, including micropropagation of basil seeds, seeds disinfecting by sodium hypochloride at 5, 10 and 20 % for 4, 10 and 20 min or HgCl 2 at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 % for 5, 10 and 15 min. following by shootlet proliferation by seedlings subculture on MS media supplemented with BAP at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/l and Kin at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/l with their interactions. Finally, rooting production and proliferation by transfer initiated shootlets on MS media containing BAP at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/l plus IBA at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/l. Essential oil was fractionated and determinated for un-transgenic and transgenic explants by GC-MS. The best results were toned in case of the successive disinfecting seeds by Na hypochloride at 10% for 10 min with decontamination percentage 81% and survival 66.66 % followed by the seedlings of best growth on MS media containing 3 mg/l BAP (shoot No. 8.12, shoot length 9.12 and leaves No. 17.45). The roots formed at 0.75 mg/l IBA plus 0.25 mg/l BAP (rooting % 100; root no. 12.12 and 1.34 cm root length). The second experiment was conducted to describe the possibility of producing transgenic basil plants harbouring the GRX-2 gene, conferring essential oil stability. To achieve this goal, micronodes of basil explants were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring the binary plasmid pRI101 on DNA which contains GRX-2 gene, and the selectable marker gene neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) under the control of a CaMV35S promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) terminator. Molecular analysis using PCR analysis proved the presence and integration of the transgenes in the genome of the transgenic plants. The explants exposed to acetosyringone at 150 uM for 60 min and immersion in Agrobacterium tumefaciens for 60 min and re-culture on MS medium gave the highest transformation efficiency and best growth. The GC analysis showed decrease in linalool components and the presence of limonene. and cloned of the of Synechocystis in the and found that the transformed E. showed high to In this study, a gene from Synechocystis PCC synthesized and in plant to introducing to plant. This is the first report for development of tomato plants harboring salt tolerance gene, Results of this study indicated and provide useful for molecular mechanism of plant responses


The volatile compounds of European oak ( Quercus robur L.) heartwood, which have been used for aging cognac brandy, were enriched by a simultaneous-distillation-extraction apparatus with ether and compared with the volatile substances from the heartwood of three species of Japanese oaks: mizunara ( Q. mongolica Turcz. var. grosseserrata Rehd. et Wils.), konara ( Q. serrata Thunb.) and kashiwa ( Q. dentata Thunb.). In the volatiles from the four species, 46 compounds including furfurals, 3-methyl-4-hydroxy octanoic acid gamma-lactones (MO-lactones), and terpenes were identified by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrscopy (GC/MS). Quantitative and qualitative differences of the volatiles were determined. Relatively low concentrations of furfural and * 2trans -MO-lactone, which are decisive compounds in flavor improvement during aging, the absence of cis -MO-lactone, the presence of linalool oxide, and the higher concentrations of sesquiterpens are characteristic of European oak.


Starting from a first-order Lagrangian formulation of higher curvature supergravity in D=5 dimensions the authors construct the covariant Hamiltonian formalism on the group manifold. They write the primary constraints and the total Hamiltonian of the theory as a first-class dynamical quantity. They also analyse the consistency conditions for the constraints which lead to the field equations of motion. If one does not pay attention to the dimension, it is possible to see how the higher curvature supergravity in Hamiltonian form can be related to sectors of effective superstring theories.


Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is an application of artificial intelligence techniques to predict the judgment results of criminal cases. In the real word, the criminal fact of cases is complex, leading to the diversity and flexibility of the judgment results. This paper presents a new approach to complete the Legal judgment prediction based on topology learning and fact elements. We concentrate on cases with the same charge to improve the accuracy of prediction of judgment on term of imprison. Considering about the peculiarity of LJP contrasting with common text classification, we try to select some key elements from the description of fact in legal case texts, and put them into the process of text classification learning by combining these fact elements with Topological Learning. The experiments are demonstrated to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.


A first example of an amphiphilic hemiphasmid consisting of a biphenyl rigid core connected to a hydrophilic 5,6-dihydroxy-3-oxahexyloxy group at one end and carrying two lipophilic dodecyloxy chains at the other end has been synthesized by a Pd-catalysed cross coupling reaction. The liquid crystalline properties of this compound have been investigated by polarized light microscopy, by differential scanning calorimetry and by X-ray diffraction. It exhibits a thermotropic hexagonal columnar mesophase which is stabilized on addition of formamide. On addition of ethylene glycol, a bicontinuous cubic mesophase is induced. Furthermore, binary mixtures of this compound with structurally related single chain amphiphiles have been investigated. Besides a smectic A phase, an induced columnar mesophase and a cubic phase were found in these mixtures.


This paper was focused on the method to increase of the sorption properties in the flax fibrous material. This method was based on the original approach which includes the application of enzymatic catalysis as a destruction regulator of the polycarbohydrate components in the bast. The formed reaction products were used as reagents for reductive destruction of lignin. The changes in the fiber sorption capacity to the molecular markers were controlled after changing both the polymer composition of the fiber and the size of its pore. It was determined that the flax sorbents increase the adsorption of phenol vapors to 9–12 times and organic dyes from aqueous solutions to 4 times.