The Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) is an innovative technology in advanced optics manufacturing; it is a non-contact precision machining method based on the chemical reaction between a reactive neutral radical generated by the plasma and substrate surface atoms for atom-scale material removal. The APPJ involves a complicated process; therefore, the controllability of the technical process was investigated to describe the accuracy of machining efficiency that is the uniformity and repeatability for machining systems, the linearity relation between the removal rates and dwell time. Moreover, the experimental result of the fused quartz removal function variation trend with different processing parameters was discussed. The results of experimentation indicate that the APPJ method has good repeatability within a short dwell time, the removal depth increases with the dwell time and a linearity relation seems appropriate, and the radio frequency (RF) power and the flux of assistant gas oxygen have a great influence on removal efficiency. However, the removal rate remains stable under small perturbation of flux of plasma gas He and reactive gas SF6. And the surface roughness is improved from Ra 9.3nm to Ra 3.7nm.


Compelling evidence supporting the benefits of social engagement in older adults has been increasingly discussed. However, knowledge regarding an intergenerational program is limited. Herein, we provide a targeted review of intergenerational programs by focusing on our novel interventional program, Research on Productivity through Intergenerational Sympathy. The Research on Productivity through Intergenerational Sympathy program is an intergenerational picture‐book reading program launched in 2004. Participants were involved a 3‐month intensive weekly training seminar comprising classes about book selection, reading techniques and basic knowledge of children's school life. Subsequently, they participated in group activities that involved playing a hand game, and reading picture books to children at kindergartens, elementary schools and public childcare centers, once every 1–2 weeks. The Research on Productivity through Intergenerational Sympathy program has shown improvement of physical and psychological functioning of older adults and healthy upbringing of children. Similarly, Experience Corps – designed to train and place volunteers in participating elementary schools for an academic year during which time they assist teachers – also showed positive effects for older adults' health status and the psychological/academic success of young children in the USA. Health promotion efforts for older adults must support social policy for the creation of meaningful service programs for older adults on a large social scale. As such, an intergenerational program based on the concept of social capital, defined as "features of social organization, such as trust, norms and networks, that can improve the efficacy of society by facilitating coordinated actions," is an effective and sustainable program for health promotion among older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16 (Suppl. 1): 98–109.


Although Sinclair Lewis' friendship with Kathleen Norris (18801966) and Charles G. Norris (1881-1945), which went back to the days before any of them were well known, lasted well into the years of their mutual renown, it has been virtually ignored by scholars. Details of their friendship fill significant gaps in Lewis' life.1 The Norrises first met "Red" Lewis in San Francisco in 1909 when Kathleen was still Kathleen Thompson, whose sister Teresa would later become the first wife of William Rose BenÃat, Lewis' Yale classmate and good friend. It was through the BenÃat family that the Thompson/Norris/Lewis friendship flourished in Califor-


In this paper the potted landscape cultivation history and school artistic styles in Maihuayucun Village were summarized,the development actualities,advantages and disadvantages of the village's potted landscape industry were analyzed. Some development strategies for the village's potted landscape industry were discussed. In the development of the village's potted landscape industry, through rational development and construction and specific development orientation,Maihuayucun Village should be made into a famous professional village in potted landscape with distinct Huizhou features,strong flavours of agricultural production and rural life combining traditional techniques and modern agricultural technologies.


This study aims to examine the historical development of children's literature in Turkey. In this context, developments and changes in the field of children's literature have been evaluated according to the chronological approach. In doing so, the authors and their works, important turning points of Turkish child literature history, were evaluated. The research is in the literature survey model and the status is determined in the study. It has been commonly known that there are four basic approaches in the history of Turkish children's literature. The first three groups of these schools evaluated the children's literature within the context of giving advice, being instructive, and lecturing. In the understanding that develops after the 1980's, children's literature is considered as an important field of art in terms of improving the child's emotional world, and improving his thinking and inquiry skills.


When there are many doublets of the same ion species, of which fractional mass difference is ro, it is possible to construct consistent artficial mass scales in terms of ro by only position measurements of these doublet lines. With one of these mass scale, the author studies on two possibilities of the mass calibration method suitable for a very high dispersion type mass spectrograph without any sacrifices for precisions of calibrations, which are, at least, the same order of magnitude for those of a single doublet separations, …the general mass center and the doublet scaling method. The former is rather useful for estimations dispersion constants α1 and α2 which are main contributions to the correction terms in an artificial mass scale. Preliminary experimental studies on the latter method are carried out to a few spectra photographed with the Bainbridge-Jordan type apparatus, though these spectra are rather unsuitable even for the preliminary analyses. The doublet scaling method would be a proper mass calibration method for spectra on a photographic plate.


Administering medicines in general practice is often complicated for non-prescribers. Allison Brindley looks at the legal and professional boundaries around this complex topic Misunderstandings and uncertainty around the professional responsibilities and legal requirements for non-prescribing general practice nurses (GPNs) when administering medications in general practice is an ongoing issue. This article reflects on practices of the past and the influences and drivers for GPN practice, helping to explain why this remains such a difficult concept. The legal and professional boundaries are explored and summarised into understandable and relatable terms, encouraging non-prescribing GPNs to make safe and considered decisions regarding the supply and administration of medicines. The dynamics of being employed by GPs can create tension for nurses in terms of meeting the expectations of the employer while working within professional boundaries. After reading this article, GPNs should feel empowered to question prescribing practices in their place of work.


The agricultural crop residuals are considered one of the most important problems, which face the environmental life and farmers in the world. A study was carried out to evaluate the physical characteristics of chopped date palm stalks (fronds and leaflets). These properties are necessary to apply normal design procedures such as pneumatic conveying, fluidization, drying, and combustion. The mechanical treatment by cutting, crushing or chopping and briquetting processes are the primary step and the suitable solution for solving this problem and recycling these residuals to be transformed into useful products. So the aim of the present work to get a high quality for agriculture residues such as date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes. The results obtained from measuring the mechanical properties (average shear and compressive strength) for date palm stalks at different moisture content (12.63, 33.21 and 60.54%) was (6.4, 4.7 and 3.21MPa) and (3.8, 3.18 and 2.86MPa) respectively. The modulus of elasticity and toughness were evaluated as a function of moisture content. As the moisture content of the stalk regions increased the modulus of elasticity and toughness decreased indicating a reduction in the brittleness of the stalk regions. Chopped date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets having moisture content (8, 10 and 12%) and (8, 10 and 12.8% w.b.) were dandified into briquettes without binder and with binder (Urea-Formaldehyde) using a screw press machine. Quality properties for briquettes were durability, compression ratio hardness, bulk density, compression ratio, resiliency, water resistance and gases emission. The optimum quality properties found for briquettes at 8% moisture content and without binder. Where the highest compression stress and durability were 8.95, 10.39 MPa and 97.06%, 93.64% for date palm stalks (Palm fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes, respectively. The CO and CO 2 emissions for date palm stalks (Fronds), date palm leaflets briquettes were less than these for loose residuals.


DWG file format and characteristics of the heading are analyzed in the engineering drawings in detail. A new way to extract engineering information from heading is put forward. By means of reading DWG files directly, text information of the heading is unscrambled automatically and saved into access database with definite data structure, which made it possible to manage electronic engineering drawings automatically.


A model has been developed and validated for predicting film uniformity based on sputtering yield, angular distribution, mask shielding and film growth process in a multipass microwave/magnetron sputtering system using Niobium deposition on glass.


Adults with bronchial asthma present a complex problem. Heredity, atopy, and food allergy diminish while inhalant allergy, infection, and degenerative changes increase in importance. Cystic fibrosis has been encountered with increasing frequency in adults and should be considered as a possible cause in wheezing. Treatment plans for bronchial asthma should include measures to (1) relieve bronchospasm, (2) reduce edema and evacuate mucus from the bronchi, (3) control allergenic factors, (4) treat infection when it is present, and (5) improve the general health of the patient. Concomitant cardiovascular changes in the elderly asthmatic patient require careful selection and dosage of drugs of the sympathomimetic group. The palliative effect of steroids, through their anti-inflammatory action on the allergic reaction, is well documented. Such preparations should, however, be used in conjunction with a well-rounded program in the treatment of bronchial asthma.


The design of a digital phase meter, intended for vibration monitoring and analysis of electric power generators, is discussed. The design may be implemented in a single, field-programmable gate array, operating at 32 MHz. Inputs to the device are a trigger pulse and a sampled, bandlimited vibration signal. The device measures the phase angle of the signal at 1/2, 1 or 2 times the rotation frequency with a resolution of 1 degree, referred to the trigger signal. A novel frequency multiplier, as well as a tracking filter and zero-crossing detector are incorporated into the device. The trigger frequency range is 1 to 1000 Hz. A detailed error analysis, as well as experimental results, are presented.


PURPOSE: A circuit board unit, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic device are provided to improve a connection reliability between a package board and a circuit board by making a mounting height of the package board higher on the circuit board. CONSTITUTION: A circuit board unit is formed by combining a first board(27) with a second board(24) through a soldering member. A thermal expansion coefficient of the first board is different from the thermal expansion coefficient of the second board. A spacer(10) is arranged between the first board and the second board and is made of a thermal expansion material and a thermosetting material. A curing temperature of the thermosetting material is higher than the melting point of the soldering material. A space between the first board and the second board is determined by a height of the spacer.


This is a short notice of some fragmentary teeth of a large anthracotherid found in the lignite beds in Shiping, Kweichow province. The fossils are those of a Brachyodus-like animal probably of Miocene age. This is the first time that a Tertiary mammal was found in the province of Kweichow.


Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and resonant ARPES, we report evidence of strong anisotropic conduction-f electron mixing (c-f mixing) in CeBi by observing a largely expanded Ce-5d pocket at low temperature, with no change in the Bi-6p bands. The Fermi surface (FS) expansion is accompanied by a pronounced spectral weight transfer from the local 4f 0 peak of Ce (corresponding to Ce3+) to the itinerant conduction bands near the Fermi level. Careful analysis suggests that the observed large FS change (with a volume expansion of the electron pocket up to 40%) can most naturally be explained by a small valence change (~ 1%) of Ce, which coexists with a very weak Kondo screening. Our work therefore provides evidence for a FS change driven by real charge fluctuations deep in the Kondo limit, which is made possible by the low carrier density.


Surface activity changes of silica nanoparticles caused by physical adsorption and covalent bonding of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules is the subject of this study. Interfacial tension and zeta potential measurements were also done during the research project. Surface modifications were carried out by grafting different ratios of surface coverage by IsoButyl silane and 3GTO-MPEG which was produced by reacting (3-glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (3GTO) with hydrophilic poly(ethyleneglycol) methyl ether (MPEG) group. Also addition of MPEG2000 (polyethylene glycol methyl ether) to the sols at different pH has shown changes of the sols behavior resulting of the physical adsorption. Surface activity difference resulting of the physical adsorption/covalent bonding of PEG polymers to silanols were investigated by the du Noüy ring method and with an optical tensiometer. Interfacial tension measurements were done with an optical tensiometer to investigate the difference for PEG adsorption in different media which were toluene and dodecane. Surface tension values have shown significant changes by grafting of hydrophobic modifiers. Effect of physical adsorption of free MPEG2000 polymer to silanol groups was found to be significant in both surface and interfacial tension measurements. Zeta potential measurements were also investigated for all the systems and showed that the PEG adsorption influences the surface change density of the particles.


In this study, the fluid dynamics of porous medium is treated as a non-Darcy flow condition in which the inertial resistance and the viscous resistance are considered. With the help of scale analysis method Nusselt number correlation in terms of Rayleigh number is suggested. To verify the non-Darcy effect we introduced Darcy equation of permeability, Forchheimer's coefficient b, and momentum loss to the well-known Ergun's equation which is the relation between momentum loss and the geometrical parameters. The governing equations based on these were implemented in ANSYS CFX-11.0 code. The results of numerical analysis for validation were well fitted with the previous works.


We address shape grammar parsing for facade segmentation using Reinforcement Learning (RL). Shape parsing entails simultaneously optimizing the geometry and the topology (e.g. number of floors) of the facade, so as to optimize the fit of the predicted shape with the responses of pixel-level 'terminal detectors'. We formulate this problem in terms of a Hierarchical Markov Decision Process, by employing a recursive binary split grammar. This allows us to use RL to efficiently find the optimal parse of a given facade in terms of our shape grammar. Building on the RL paradigm, we exploit state aggregation to speedup computation, and introduce image-driven exploration in RL to accelerate convergence. We achieve state-of-the-art results on facade parsing, with a significant speed-up compared to existing methods, and substantial robustness to initial conditions. We demonstrate that the method can also be applied to interactive segmentation, and to a broad variety of architectural styles.


We sought to compare the properties of cylindrical and ball tip fibers (in conjunction with a holmium:YAG laser) by examining both their beam characteristics and the characteristics of the channels formed when the fibers passed through myocardial tissue. We found that the cylindrical fiber tip was able to produce a wider, more uniform channel with less surrounding thermal damage than the ball tip fiber. We attribute these findings to the shorter focal length, smaller beam spot size, and greater beam divergence produced by the ball tip fiber.


This report summarizes the work to date on a simulator qualification methodology project. The development of a simulator qualification process, based on a training perspective, is described so that it can be used in other qualification projects. The measures used to quantify the simulator's performance are provided and the results of demonstration analysis are described.


The crude toxin of Ralstonia solanacearum causing peanut bacterial wilt was studied under different cultural conditions, such as temperatures, pH values, days and concentrations, and its sensitivity to thermal treatment and ultraviolet ray. The results showed that the appropriate condition for the production of crude toxin of the bacteria was that cultural temperature and pH value were 25~28℃ and 7 and cultural days were 3. But no significant difference among crude toxin abtained under different cultural concentrations. The crude toxin is sensitive to thermal treatment and it's biological activity decreased 89.8% at 100℃ water bath for one hour. The crude toxin was not sensitive to ultraviolet ray and it's biological activity was not changed under ultraviolet light for 30min?60min?90min and 120min.


Trafficking is a violation of human dignity that is contrary to human rights and legislation. One of the victims of the crime of trafficking in the district of Cianjur is an underage child. An Integrated Service Center for Women and Children Protection (P2TP2A) of Cianjur district in collaboration with the Faculty of Law of Suryakancana University conducting an even in preventing the human trafficking crime. One of the efforts to overcome the trafficking is by socializing the law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of Trafficking for the counseling teacher and student in order to get a better understanding of the meaning, way, form, effects, prevention and sanction the crime of trafficking.


Collective coupling between dipoles can dramatically modify the optical response of a medium. Such effects depend strongly on the geometry of the medium and the polarization of the light. Using a classical coupled dipole model, here we investigate the simplest case of one-dimensional arrays of interacting atomic dipoles driven by a weak laser field. Changing the polarization and direction of the driving field allows us to separately address superradiant, subradiant, redshifted, and blueshifted eigenmodes, as well as observe strong Fano-like interferences between different modes. The cooperative eigenvectors can be characterized by the phase difference between nearest-neighbor dipoles, ranging from all oscillating in phase to all oscillating out of phase with their nearest neighbors. Investigating the eigenvalue behavior as a function of atom number and lattice spacing, we find that certain eigenmodes of an infinite atomic chain have the same decay rate as a single atom between two mirrors. The effects we observe provide a framework for collective control of the optical response of a medium, giving insight into the behavior of more complicated geometries, as well as providing further evidence for the dipolar analog of cavity QED.


this paper mostly talks about how monopolist's reputation can also affect other companies that is in the same industry as the monopolist


The WITAS Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Project is a long term basic research project located at Linkoping University (LIU), Sweden. The project is multi-disciplinary in nature and involves cooperation w ...


The Ca2+‐permeable transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is present in cerebral artery endothelial cells and mediates endothelium‐dependent dilation in response to oxidized lipid metabolites. Prior studies have shown that oxidative degradation of membrane lipids is increased in the vascular wall during hypertension. Therefore, we hypothesized that TRPA1 activity is enhanced in cerebral artery endothelial cells during hypertension and that augmented activity is protective against stroke. Hypertension was induced in control and endothelial cell specific TRPA1 knockout mice (eTRPA1‐/‐) by infusion of angiotensin II (1200 ng/kg/min, s.c.) and high salt (8%) diet. After two weeks of this treatment, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L‐NAME (120 mg/kg/day) was added to the drinking water to further increase mean arterial pressure (MAP). MAP was monitored by radiotelemetery and did not differ between groups under any conditions. All mice suffered fatal stroke. The survival time of eTRPA1‐/‐ mice (6‐22 days) was significantly less than that of control (3‐52 days) littermates (n = 19‐23). Histopathology revealed that eTRPA1‐/‐ mice developed more intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) lesions than control mice (75 ± 1 total lesions per eTRPA1‐/‐ mouse vs. 50 ± 9 lesions per control mouse, n = 3‐4 per group). However, the volume of each lesion was smaller in eTRPA1‐/‐ mice (0.03 ± 0.01 mm3 for eTRPA1‐/‐ vs. 0.12 ± 0.04 mm3 for control, n = 3‐4). Together these data provide evidence that TRPA1 channels present in the cerebral endothelium are protective against hemorrhagic stroke associated with hypertension. Supported by HL091905 and 11SDG7360050.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender and sibling composition differences in psychological well-being, and to analyze the effects of family and school environment on psychological well-being among Chinese adolescents. Data from 453 students of middle school were used for final analysis. This study found that only child adolescents showed higher levels of self-esteem and low levels of depression than adolescents with sibling. Regression analysis revealed that self-esteem were influenced by relations with teachers, peer relations and marital conflict among male only child adolescents and female adolescents with sibling. Self-esteem of female only child adolescents was affected by parenting behavior and relations with teachers, and self-esteem of male adolescents with sibling was affected by relations with teachers. Relations with teachers and parenting behavior had impact on depression of Chinese adolescents, but depression was not influenced by peer relations.


Two tests were conducted, each in a different orchard. The test 1 orchard contained 'Bisbee Delicious' s 2 m tall, test 2 contained 'Golden Delicious' 2:6 m tall. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in both orchards. Test 1 had 8 treatments and 6 replications (3 tree per replicate); test 2 had 4 single-tree replicates per treatment. Treatments were applied to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operated at 200 psi and 350 psi in tests 1 and 2, respectively. Per acre rates were based on a dilute application of 400 gal/acre. Nymphs were sampled by limb tap onto a 45 cm × 45 cm, black cloth tray. In test 1, three taps per replicate (1 tap per tree) were made. In test 2, 2 taps/tree were made. Fruit evaluation was conducted before hand thinning, after hand thinning, and before fruit harvest. Pre- and post-thinning evaluation consisted of 40 fruit per replicate, and preharvest evaluation consisted of 80 and 120 fruit per replicate for tests 1 and 2, respectively. Fruit with one or more stings were considered culls.


For the last three years I have been hoping to take a convenient opportunity to put on record some corrections and additions which I am able to make to my introduction to Miss Lamond's edition of 'Walter of Henley.' The occasion has come in the saddest of all fashions, since I cannot delay longer the expression of my personal obligations to a French scholar who has recently died. The kindness I received from André RéVille adds poignancy to my own regret, although all English students must bitterly deplore the loss which historical research has sustained in the death of a man of such brilliant natural gifts, who had profited so well by the great opportunities of training which Paris now affords. He was especially interested in English history, and the first-fruits of his labours, in his paper on the 'Abjuratio Regni' ('Revue Historique,' L. 1–42), serve to show how much we might have hoped to learn from him, had his life been pro-longed.


Mild bleeding symptoms in a female patient were shown to be related to defective platelet function: Aggregation induced by ADP and PAP was decreased and platelet spreading was disturbed. Platelet membrane glycoproteins were analyzed by various electrophoretic procedures (SDS electrophoresis, nonreduced-reduced 2-dimensional and high resolution 2-dimensional electrophoresis). These studies revealed a decreased concentration of normal glycoprotein lb (GP Ib) and the appearance of an additional glycopeptide with an apparent Mr of 160.000 under reducing conditions. This component was strongly labeled in intact cells by periodate-3H-sodium borohydride. Staining characteristics of the additional glycopeptide were also similar to those of GP lb. Immunobiotting using a monospecific anti-glycocalicin antiserum provided conclusive evidence for a structural variant of GP lb molecularly characterized by an increase of about 20.000 in apparent Mp of the large subunit. The abnormal glycopeptide is cleaved by the endogenous calcium-dependent neutral protease and the resulting glycocali-cin exhibits the same increase in Mr as intact variant GP lb. The abnormal glycopeptide was also detected in 3 relatives of the proposita. All of the carriers are obviously heterozygous for the underlying mutant gene.


This research focuses on the study of CH4 emission from the differences of water and weed management. The experiments were processed basing on Split-plot technique in RCB. Main plot is the water management including 1) Continuous flooding 2) AWD 10/-10 3) AWD 10/-15 and 4) AWD 10/-20. Sub plot is the weed management composing of 1) control 2) butachlor+propanil 3) cyhalofop butyl +bensulfuron methyl and 4) penoxsulam+(clomazone+propanil). Methane was sampled weekly from the paddy using a Closed Static Chamber technique. The results show that both water and weed management influenced the CH4 emission. The lowest CH4 emission was found in AWD 10/-15, while the highest CH4 emission was found in the flooding plot. However CH4 emission increased when S3 and S4 were applied, whereas S2 showed the similar trend with the control. It can be concluded that water and weed management affected the CH4 emission from the irrigated paddy rice field.


Publisher Summary This chapter discusses animation and modeling of the Xian terra-cotta soldiers. Excavation of the grave complex of the Ch'in emperor Shi Huang Ti in Xian in the 1970s has revealed a vast field of life-size terra-cotta statues depicting soldiers, servants, and horses, estimated to total 6000 pieces. A sense of great realism is conveyed in the figures with remarkable simplicity. The figures were modeled after the emperor's real army, and each face is different. They were supposed to guard the crypt and protect their ruler on his afterlife journey. The figures were carefully fashioned to resemble one of his real infantries, with well-outfitted officers, charioteers and archers, as well as youthful foot soldiers. This chapter discusses about the Xian project that is intended to recreate and restore life to this army using computer-generated techniques. The goal of the Xian project is first to make a pilot to be able to show and to test the feasibility of a 90 min film. For the present time, the pilot includes the modeling and the animation of the soldiers.


In this paper, we investigate the verification of detectability, a fundamental state estimation property, for partially-observed discrete event systems (DES). Existing works on this topic mainly focus on untimed DES. In many applications, however, real-time information is critical for the purpose of system analysis. To this end, in this paper, we investigate the verification of detectability for timed DES modeled by timed automata. Two notions of detectability, strong detectability and weak detectability, are studied in the dense-time setting, which characterize detectability by time elapsing rather than events steps. We show that verifying strong detectability for timed system is decidable by providing a verifiable necessary and sufficient condition. Furthermore, we show that weak detectability is undecidable in the timed setting by reducing the language universality problem for timed automata to this verification problem. Our results extend the detectability analysis of DES from the untimed setting to a timed setting.


The. present study is to evaluate the possible role of medullary raphe nuclei in the regulation of cardiovascular function in rat. Microinjection of 5 μg of monosodi-um glutomate (MSG) into medullary raphe nuclei resulted in a marked depressor effect and an inhibition of sympathetic nerve discharge, without significant change in the heart rate. The depressor effect of MSG could be significantly antagonized by pretreatment with 5-HT receptor blocker cinanserin. (50μg, intrathecal injection) or cyproheptadine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or by the s.c. administration of opiate antagonist naloxone (1 mg/kg). The results suggest a serotonergic descending inhibitory pathway from medullary raphe nuclei down to the spinal cord in regulation of vascular function. Endogenous opiods may also be involoved in this mechanism.


tensive theoretical and empirical study of the determinants of the term structure of interest rates. He has interpreted his findings as supporting the earlier, expectational theory of the structure of interest rates and as contradicting Culbertson's. Culbertson contends that his data both support his own theory and contradict this expectational theory. Meiselman has shown that the analysis which Culbertson made of his data, which data we shall examine in some detail below, does not bear on the expectational theory under certainty. I will be concerned with the separate problem of bringing Culbertson's data to bear as a test of the expectational theory. I shall show that Culbertson's data, quite contrary to his analysis of them, lend support to this theory. On Lutz's argument, under certainty, any given long-term interest rate plus unity will be the geometric mean of a set of terms composed of unity plus each future short-term interest rate which will prevail through the duration of the long-term debt whose yield is under consideration. Meiselman extends this argument to conditions of uncertainty about the future course of short-term interest rates. (This kind of uncertainty is different from that deriving from the risk of default. Meiselman confines his attention to defaultfree contracts.) On Meiselman's hypothesis, the forward short-term interest rates implicit in the term structure at a given point in time are unbiased estimates of the short-term interest rates "the market" expects to prevail during each of the future periods to which these


Aims: Determine the effective precautionary measures at the levels of university staff members at faculty of dentistry, dental clinicians, and dental students to face any future infectious crisis. Methodology: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 subjects (70 university staff members, 60 dental clinicians, and 350 dental students). An electronic questionnaire was sent to the participants. It included different proposed measures to face any infectious future crisis. The response for each close-ended question was either effective, partially effective, or non-effective. Results: On the level of university staff members, the predominant percentage of participants (95.7%) reported that developing a future plan is the most effective measure. While, on the level of dental clinician and dental students the most effective measure was creating a free treatment unit (90%,91.5 respectively). Conclusion: The most effective measures to face any future infectious crisis in the dental field are developing a future plan and rapid response with establishing a crisis management unit in addition to the presence of a free treatment unit and guidance protocol.


The acute toxicity,mutagenicity and subchromic toxicity of antifatigue compound Chinese medicinal herbs prescriptions were investigated by acute oral toxicity test,marrow cell micronucleus test,sperm malformation test of mice and 30-day feeding test of rat.The results showed that mice acute oral LD 50 of compound Chinese medicinal herbs prescriptions was higher than 15 g/kg.The micronuclear rates(0.16%—0.20%) and sperm malformation rates(2.70%—2.94%) in three doses groups of 3.75,7.50,15.00 g/kg have no significant difference compared with that of negative control groups,respectively.Rats growing and developing were normal in feed test.when administratedfor 15 days,larger mean corpuscular volume(MCV) and less globoglycoid(GLOB) contents in blood were observed in middle and high dose groups compared to those of control group.when administratedfor 30 days,blood glucose contents in every dose groups were higher than those of control group,and GLOB and creatinine(CRE) contents in middle and high dose groups were also higher.Other hemotological and blood biochemical indexes were similar to those of control group.Main organic coefficients and pathological histology were normal.Conclusion: antifatigue compound Chinese medicinal herbs prescriptions belong to no toxic substance,and have no mutagenicity.Some indexes charged may be concerned with animal metabolic state and formed antifatigue mechanism.


The conditions of elementary atness, trivial behaviour under parallel propagation of frames, and regularity to various degrees of diierentiability, are given precise deenitions and related to practical criteria. As an example, their relations are explored in the case of cylindrically symmetrical stationary dust.


The Markov process with discrete state and time is used to simulate the distribution of liquid flow in apacked column.The theoretical prediction agrees well with the experimental data.


Background: Cat Intensive care unit (ICU) delirium is a significant complication that increases the mortality, morbidity, and length of stay for critically ill patient. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the critical care nurse's knowledge of ICU delirium and the effectiveness of an educational program about the recognition and assessment of ICU delirium on critical care nurse's knowledge. Methods: A quasi-experimental single group pre-test-post-test design was conducted using delirium knowledge assessment questionnaires. Results: The median post test score of overall nurses' knowledge was 76.2 (range 19.1-95.2) compared to the median pre-test score of 38.1 (range 14.3 – 61.9) indicating a significant change in nurses' knowledge after conducting the educational program (p<0.001). Conclusion: Critical care nurses' knowledge of ICU delirium was low before the intervention and increased significantly after delivering an educational program.


The present invention relates to a heat exchanger unit provided with the condensate water processing device condensed water generated in the cooling fin portion of the heat exchange unit so as to evaporate into the air in a heat exchanger unit itself handles the condensed water. The present invention for achieving the above objects is a heat exchange unit composed of cool sink and the hot sink and the heat conducting element disposed between the cool sink provided with the hot sink and the cooling fan provided with the cooling fan ; characterized by comprising the condensed water evaporation means for evaporating the condensed water in the air by a hot sink heat by absorbing the condensed water generated in the cool sink provided in the back exchange unit. The heat exchange unit according to the present invention can omit the separate condensed water receiving and water distribution hose to evaporate the condensed water in itself, it can be reduced fabrication and installation costs. Also a useful invention that additional energy is not needed for evaporating the condensed water so to evaporate the condensed water by the heat generated by the hot sink itself of the heat exchange unit.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the archives' role in Portuguese public policies from 1976 to 2021, based on an analysis of decision-making and support mechanisms, as well as other legal and normative instruments (diplomas) associated with relevant policies and legal actions in government programs, major planning options, sectoral programs and legislation.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigation was based on a qualitative methodological framework that follows the document analysis method, consisting of four phases: research; first reading; critical reading and data collection; and analysis and interpretation.

Findings
Survey results identified the presence of the archives on government agendas and supported tracing an evolution in the development and application of measures in this area. Additionally, it was possible to relate these measures to socioeconomic and political contexts and to previously identified reference studies. The conclusion is that the place of archives in Portuguese public policies between 1976 and 2021 was still based in historical and heritage dimensions, excluding the aspect of information management, which was not even included within the concept of archives.

Originality/value
This is an original case study of the state of Portuguese archive policies, compared against reference works such as Couture(1998) and more recent national developments as considered in the works of Silva(2019).


Stein's theory of education is inseparable of an anthropology characterized by its metaphysical dimension. Her existential analysis of the human finitude, quite different from Heidegger's philosophy of existence, brings to light the essential opening of the finite being on the eternal being as its inner principle and foundation. The importance of the interiority of the soul is crucial to appreciate the meaning of education as an entire «recreation» of the human being from its depth. Our contribution is an approach of that process of recreation by the formative force of the divine grace which represents what Stein calls the «supernatural destination» of human person.


CONGO—In the middle of a schoolyard in this war-torn corner of eastern Congo, a village of fragile tarpaulin has sprung up amid the weed-choked gravel. Surrounded by children in ragged clothing, Bonaparte Kananzo, a farmer, steps forward to explain what has brought the local population, now refugees in their own country, to this pass. "We arrived here at the beginning of February," explains Kananzo, who says that some 1,000-plus villagers trekked here through the lush mountains of North Kivu province fleeing fighting between forces loyal to the government of Congo's president, Joseph Kabila, and the army of renegade general Laurent Nkunda. An ethnic Tutsi, Nkunda leads the Congres National pour la Defense du Peuple (National Congress for the Defence of the People, CNDP), a politico-military organization. "The war in Kivu brought a lot of insecurity to our town, a lot of violence against women and other things," says Kananzo. "People are afraid to return home." It has been two years since the international community, led by the United States and the European Union, spent tens of millions of dollars organizing the Democratic Republic of the Congo's (DRC) first democratic elections in 40 years, which solidified Joseph Kabila's rule and marked the end of the main phase of Congo's civil war. The war was a conflict which, according to a report released in January by the International Rescue Committee relief organization, killed an estimated 5.4 million people between August 1998 and April 2007— many from health-related concerns caused by the social and economic disruption of the ongoing conflict. Since the formal end of Congo's 1998–2002 civil war, about 2.1 million have died from similar causes, the report said, with, at present, some 45,000 dying monthly. As if to underline the gravity of Kananzo's words—that intense combat and attendant atrocities, including widespread rape and the forced recruitment of child soldiers, have succeeded in emptying whole villages—the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs estimates that, since 2003, some 800,000 people have been displaced by fighting in North Kivu out of a population of 4.2 million, or roughly one in five individuals. In addition to the CNDP and Congolese government forces, two other armed groups operate and frequently clash in the region: the government's local paramilitary allies such as the Patriotes Resistants Congolais (Congolese Resistance Patriots, PARECO), and the Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda (Democratic Forces for the Michael Deibert is the author of Notes from the Last Testament: The Struggle for Haiti (Seven Stories Press, 2005). He has reported on Africa for a variety of publications since 2007 and served as the Democratic Republic of Congo correspondent for the Inter Press Service.


faith. The author concludes the book with the contention that the Bible is clear in its message that God cares for and will never abandon the aged. The topic of this book would be of interest to many, including those interested in the study of gerontology (especially the integration of religion and gerontology), elderly persons of faith, and those of us Baby Boomers who will soon become senior citizens. I do not see the book as having wide readership, however, because the bulk of it focuses on scholarly review of ancient texts rather than on application of those texts to issues of aging and ageism that are relevant to the general reader. An extensive expansion of the last chapter would certainly make the book of more interest to a broader audience. Myrla Seibold Professor of Psychology Bethel University St. Paul, Minnesota


The directors, recipients of numerous prizes, talk about their latest movie, the Unknown Girl, their working methods and the philosophical inspiration of their cinema. The characters in the movie try to avow their responsibilities, in a quest to acknowledge the other.


Indian economy is primarily an agrarian one. Agricultural production depends on various factors and any set-back, in these factors severely aileets the yield of crops. Among all the pests (insects, animals, diseases and weeds) in India, weeds alone are responsible for one-third loss in crop production. Weeds in general reduce crops' yield by 20-30% but as the farmers adopt some kind of weeding practices lin their fields, a conservative estimate of 10% loss may be taken as more realistic. In India, till seventies, manual and mechanical removal was one af the best options available with the farmers to manage weeds in their fields but'with the advent of labour cost, herbicides use started to get preference over manual weeding particularly in Punjab and Haryana, and now good amount of herbicides is being produced and utilized in India. In the seventies, biological control also started to take shape for weed control and in eighties good success was achieved to control water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Solms). and water-fern (Salvinia molesta). This paper deals with various weed problems and on going researches in different branches of weed science and different management options fbr terrestrial, aquatic and parasitic weeds in context to indian situations. Issues, priorities and perspectives of research for weeds management are also discussed.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to get a consumer's cross-cultural insight on the potential of using social networking sites as short food supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative approach, using free listing tasks and sentence completion techniques, was adopted in this research. The research group decided to apply the study in three countries with different cultural backgrounds, namely, Mexico, Spain and Egypt. The final sample consisted of 424 respondents in total, including 209 Spanish, 111 Mexicans and 104 Egyptians, all of them actual users of social networks.

Findings
The most significant result that emerges from this study is that a high percentage of consumers within the three countries might be interested in these new short food chains. Also, the study offers food companies the most relevant motivations and barriers of consumers for their engagement to this initiative. Also, the study provides categories of foods that consumers would purchase via these chains in each country.

Originality/value
The multicultural perspective of this study might open new opportunities for food businesses around the world, especially for SMEs, to develop new short food supply chains enabling them to increase sale levels and, therefore, increase profitability and reduce costs.


The solution of a traveling distributed heat source on a semi-infinite plate provides information about both the size and the shape of arc weld pools. The results indicate that both welding process variables (current, arc length and travel speed) and material parameters (thermal diffusivity) have significant effects on weld shape. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results on carbon steels, stainless steel, titanium and aluminum with good agreement. 25 references, 23 figures, 1 table.


The Indian summer or South Asian monsoon (SAM) is a major component of the global climate system that dominates weather patterns and impacts the livelihood of billions of people across the subcontinent. Despite significant improvements over the past decade, the SAM remains difficult to predict and to model. This is directly related to the fact that instrumental records of monsoon precipitation at most date back few centuries. Consequently, the need to generate proxy records of monsoon precipitation and analysis of paleoclimate data is crucial to understand the various forcing mechanism of the monsoon on different timescales.

In this thesis, the link between interhemispheric insolation changes and monsoon precipitation is explored and a working hypothesis is provided. High-resolution paleoclimate datasets have been generated from three sediment cores in the Andaman Sea. I develop potential proxies of SAM precipitation and perform paleoclimate time series analysis to better understand orbital and sub-orbital forcing mechanisms of the monsoon. The first continuous long-term high resolution records of monsoon precipitation based on paired Mg/Ca and δ18O analyses of near surface dwelling planktonic foraminifera are presented, from which I estimate sea surface temperature (SST) and seawater δ18O (δ18Osw). In addition, monsoon intensity changes are evaluated using proxies such as Ba/Ca, x-ray fluorescence (XRF) Ti/Ca, and Si/Al, which have been associated with the monsoon via different causal linkages


It was previously shown that sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) modulators of "asymptotic" type theoretically yield an equivalent feedforward system where the recursive nonlinear mechanisms are extracted from the feedback loop and reduced to a memoryless function. With time-varying inputs, we show in this paper, partially by mathematical derivations and partially by experiment, that this system is quasi-equivalent to the original modulator in a sense that we explain. This reduction of the nonlinear mechanisms should permit more refined modeling of the /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ errors in future research, with a better account of the original nonlinearities of asymptotic /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation.


In his lifetime Robert Burns Woodward made outstanding contributions spanning almost the whole range of theoretical and experimental organic chemistry. In preparing this biographical memoir the authors were of the opinion that separation of biographical detail from a discussion of his scientific contributions would make for greater clarity in presentation. Accordingly the memoir is presented in two parts— a personal biography of R. B. Woodward (by A. R. T.) and a discussion of his scientific work (by J. W. C.).


We explore the usefulness of a 'design' perspective for organizing collaborative research to study scenario work. Design has been receiving increasing attention in the management literature (Denyer et al 2008) to facilitate relevant and rigorous research involving both executives and researchers. Our paper is based on a five year collaborative research programme on strategic renewal. Based on this experience and a review of the design literature, we derive and propose a set of design principles for undertaking collaborative research into scenario work to further the effective generation of usable and rigorous knowledge.


The paper deals with international trade in hazardous waste products when there is an international oligopoly market for waste, and both waste-importing and waste-exporting countries act strategically to utilize national environmental policies to attach rents arising from trade in waste. The authors model a multiple-stage game where waste is generated in an industrialized country as a byproduct of production, and potentially is exported to some less-developed countries, if not abated locally, or imposed on local residents at a cost of an environmental tax. In the market for waste, an oligopolistic supply is assumed. The demand for waste is perfectly competitive, with waste-processing firms guided by marginal disposal costs and environmental taxes levied by foreign countries. With each country playing Nash, the analysis finds domestic and foreign taxes to be distorted from the Pigouvian taxes in such a way that the domestic (waste-exporter) tax rate is set below, and the foreign tax rate is set above, the Pigouvian taxes. However, a global welfare optimum requires tax distortions in the opposite direction, in the sense that foreign environmental taxes must be set below the Pigouvian tax rate.


To realize high precision synchronous trajectory tracking control, a control method combining adaptive robust integral of the sign of the error (ARISE) controller and extended state observer (ESO) is proposed in this paper. Meanwhile, combining with the cross-coupling control method (CCC), Effectively alleviate the problem of force fighting caused by output asynchronization between two actuators. In this paper, two ESOs were constructed to estimate the disturbances of the second channel and the third channel respectively and make feed-forward compensation, so as to further suppress the estimated residuals of ESOs by using ARISE to improve the control precision of the system. The proposed controller can deal with the matched uncertainty and unmatched uncertainty in the system, and theoretically achieves an asymptotically tracking performance. Simulation results show that the ARISEESO+CCC control method proposed in this paper can achieve excellent synchronization performance in two actuators system.


The antibacterial property of serum, first reported by Nuttall in 1888, has attracted many investigators and an extensive literature has accumulated. The sera of most mammals tested have been found to possess bactericidal activity, but a notable exception is the mouse, whose serum, apparently through lack of complement, is unable to kill any of a number of bacterial strains which are sensitive to other sera (Marcus, Esplin & Donaldson, 1954). Many types of bacteria are sensitive to serum killing, although definite lysis does not invariably occur. Most workers, including ourselves, have been concerned primarily with killing, as measured by failure to produce colonies on a culture plate. Table 1. Inactivation of the bactericidal power of human serum by inactivation of the components of complement


Background: Blood Stream Infections (BSIs) are one of the most common nosocomial infections encountered in a hospital. It occurs 2 to 7 times more often in ICU patients than in ward patients and is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Staphylococci is the most commonly encountered blood culture isolates for which, rapid and reliable methods for detection are warranted. Aim: comparison


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomic efficacy of two therapeutic schemes of tiopronin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:90 patients with chronic hepatitis B were divided into 2 groups.One group took the sequential therapy of tiopronin(treatment group) and the other took the pure tiopronin for injection(control group).Therapeutic efficacy and ADRs were observed and a cost-minimization analysis was performed for the 2 groups.RESULTS:The effective rate of 2 groups was 86.67% and 84.44%(P0.05),respectively.The incidence rate of ADR was 4.44%.The cost of treatment group and control group were 1 183.5 yuan and 1 998.0 yuan(P0.05).CONCLUSION:Sequential therapy of tiopronin is the optimal therapy for chronic hepatitis B.


In the Lumbrales deposit (Salamanca Spain) have been recognised different sulphide belonging, partially, or wholly, to the system Sn-Cu-Fe-Zn-Mo-Bi-Ag-As-S. Replacement, exsolution and colloidal textures have been observed. As content of Arsenopyrite range between 34 and 37%, pointing out greatest temperature an crystallization of this assemblages (500-615oC). Temperatures between 500-300oC are deduced by Stannite-Stannoidites and Stannoidite-Mawsonite pairs and between 200-70oC by the presence of Bornite-Chalcopyrite-Tenantite-Diagenite with colloidal textures.


Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionaires' disease is sensitive to ampicillin. However, the slowly growing bacteria are not killed even by high doses of this antibiotic. This natural tolerance was used for counter‐selection of trans‐conjugants in heterospecific matings with Escherichia coli as donor. This approach is useful for gentic manipulations in Legionella, as it avoids the use of antibiotic‐resistant variants, which have to be tested for full virulence before use.


ABSTRACT Day centers provide opportunities for older people to achieve active and healthy aging. Staff play a significant role in day centers, although evidence is lacking concerning their role. To explore the experiences of staff in promoting active and healthy aging at social day centers, interviews with 12 staff working at day centers for older people were carried out. The findings present two categories: the actions of the staff and conditions affecting activities at the day centers. Staff at day centers may play an important role in providing opportunities for older people to maintain health and participation in meaningful activities.


Local spin density approximation calculations are used to elucidate electronic and magnetic properties of Heusler structure Fe_2VAl. The compound is found to be a low carrier density semimetal. The Fermi surface has small hole pockets derived from a triply degenerate Fe derived state at Gamma compensated by an V derived electron pocket at the X point. The ideal compound is found to be stable against ferromagnetism. Fe impurities on V sites, however, behave as local moments. Because of the separation of the hole and electron pockets the RKKY interaction between such local moments should be rapidly oscillating on the scale of its decay, leading to the likelihood of spin-glass behavior for moderate concentrations of Fe on V sites. These features are discussed in relation to experimental observations of an unusual insulating state in this compound.


Received 23 June 2009; revised manuscript received 21 August 2009; published 21 September 2009 Recent experiment S. I. Dorozhkin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 036602 2009 on quantum Hall structures with strongly asymmetric contact configuration discovered microwave-induced photocurrent and photovoltage magneto-oscillations in the absence of dc driving. We show that in an irradiated sample the Landau quantization leads to violation of the Einstein relation between the dc conductivity and diffusion coefficient. Then, in the presence of a built-in electric field in a sample, the microwave illumination causes photogalvanic signals which oscillate as a function of magnetic field with the period determined by the ratio of the microwave frequency to the cyclotron frequency, as observed in the experiment.


The border between Guangxi and Vietnam extends as far 1 020 kilometers. It enjoys a unique geographical advantages for developing border trades, supplying each other goods, communicating with people of the same ancestry, and facilitating use of both currencies. All these advantages put together have promoted the growth of border trade between Guangxi and Vietnam. The Guangxi-Vietnam border trade has a very long history, starting from the ancient time, developing in modern time, and vigorously developing in contemporary time. This border trade is playing a more and more important role in the development of the social economy of both countries.


Summary One hundred and sixteen vats of milk of good quality were made into cheese, and the four duplicate cheeses made from each vat were stored as follows: One was held for 6 months at 34° F.; one for 3 months at 50° plus 3 months at 34° ; one for 6 months at 50° ; and one for 3 months at 60° plus 3 months at 34°. In the group stored for 3 months at 50° plus 3 months at 34° F., and also in the group stored 6 months at 50°, the majority of the cheeses were better in quality than the duplicates (or controls) that were stored 6 months at 34°. But in the group stored 3 months at 60° plus 3 months at 34°, the majority of the cheeses were poorer in quality than the duplicates stored 6 months at 34°. Of the 116 cheeses that were stored 6 months at 50° F., about 68 per cent had a score of 92 or more at the end of the storage period and the other 32 per cent had a score of less than 92. Of the high-scoring group, 87 per cent were better in quality than, or as good as, the duplicate that was stored 6 months at 34°; whereas, of the lower-scoring group, only 32 per cent were better than, or as good as, the duplicate stored 6 months at 34°. From these data, it appears that if a cheese is destined as a result of some inherent defect in the making process to have a score below 92, it will have a relatively higher score if it is held at 34° F. than if it is cured at 50°. When cheese is held 6 months at 34° F., the percentage that will score 92 or better will be about the same whether the moisture content is above or below 38 per cent. When cheese is cured at any of the three higher temperatures used in this experiment, however, the percentage scoring 92 or better will be from 5 to 15 per cent in favor of the low-moisture cheese. Cheese made from milk of good quality and by methods which insure cheese of good quality can be cured at temperatures as high as 50° F. with reasonable certainty of developing a clean and characteristic Cheddar flavor. From past observations cheese made from bacteriologically poor milk or so manipulated that there is a tendency to develop acid, bitter, or other off-flavors, should be stored at 34° F. in order to retard the development of these defects as much as possible.


We describe the mechanical assembly and optical alignment processes used to construct the Visual Integral-Field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS) instrument. VIRUS is a set of 150+ optical spectrographs designed to support observations for the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX). To meet the instrument's manufacturing constraints, a production line will be set up to build subassemblies in parallel. To aid in the instrument's assembly and alignment, specialized fixtures and adjustment apparatuses have been developed. We describe the design and operations of the various optics alignment apparatuses, as well as the mirrors' alignment and bonding fixtures.


We prove that for regular λ above a strong limit singular µ certain guessing principles follow just from cardinal arithmetic assumptions. The main result is that for such λ and µ there are coboundedly many regular κ < µ such that ♣ − (S λ κ) holds whenever λ = λ <κ. 1 0 Introduction. The main result of this note is that for any regular cardinal λ above ω there are unboundedly many regular cardinals κ < ω such that provided λ = λ <κ , the combinatorial principle ♣ − (S λ κ) holds. That principle is defined in the following Definition 0.1, and the notation S λ κ is recalled in 0.2. 1 The author thanks EPSRC for their support through the grant number GR/M71121. She is also grateful to Prof. Balcar and Prof. Simon of the Charles University in Prague for their invitation to speak at the 29th Winter School of Abstract Analysis, which proved to be a most productive and pleasant experience.


Differential cross section (DCS) measurements are reported for scattering of a He atomic beam by crossed beams of C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, and CHF3. In addition, interaction virial measurements and accurate limiting diffusion measurements are presented for these systems. Damping of the DCS diffraction oscillations is used to extract anisotropic intermolecular potentials, which are constrained in multiproperty fits to accurately reproduce the dilute gas data. The radial anisotropies determined are in the sequence C2H6>C2H4∼C2H2>CHF3, as sampled by the He probe.


In the modern society, witnesses presenting at courts is required both by the substantial justice and the procedural justice. In China, the status in quo of witness presenting at court has long been associated with a successful reform of court trial. Therefore, it is important for us, taking into account the situation of our country, to improve the system based on the experiences of other countries. The author points out further that a consummate system of witness presenting at court includes at least three aspects: a specific scope of witnesses, effective safeguard measures for witnesses and a reasonable procedure for witnesses to be presented at courts.


We present a compact, high peak-power, and widely pulse-width tunable monolithic Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG ceramic micro laser by cavity-length control. Pulse-width dependent fluence threshold of air-breakdown is investigated in sub-ns region showing a local breakdown threshold.


Albeit the majority of the profession either ignores Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis (FIH) or considers it plainly wrong, at least since the mid-80's a few in‡uential economists –who have certainly not embraced any unorthodox credo –have grown more receptive to this idea and eager to incorporate it in their models, even if diluted and sometimes disguised in order to make it more palatable to the conventional "representative" macroeconomist. Due to the asymmetric information revolution in microeconomics, in fact, and the associated emphasis on capital market imperfections, Minsky's ideas have got renewed attention and a large macroeconomic literature has developed in which …nancial factors play a major role: Greenwald and Stiglitz (1993,2003), Bernanke and Gertler (1989, 1990), Kiyotaki and Moore (1997). For the sake of simplicity, we will lump together these models under the general heading of the Financial Accelerator Hypothesis. Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist (1999) cast the Financial Accelerator story in a New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium framework. More recently, in the light of the Global Financial Crisis, a variety of "…nancial frictions" have been incorporated in NK-DSGE models: A non exhaustive list includes Christiano, Motto and Rostagno (2010), Curdia and Woodford (2009), Gertler and Kiyotaki (2011), Gerali et al. (2010), Angeloni and Faia (2009). Starting from di¤erent cultural and methodological premises, this literature yields predictions which are in line with some of the insights one can get from Minsky's conceptual framework. In other words, the Financial Accelerator and the Financial Instability hypotheses share some features. Should we be satis…ed with this? I don't think so. Minsky's legacy goes beyond the emphasis on the role of …nancial factors and provide important directions for future research. In my opinion the role of heterogeneous …nancial conditions is the speci…c piece of Minsky's intellectual heritage that has been so far underresearched and that


The invention discloses a sensing method of an optical navigation device. The optical navigation device is used for judging a lifting state or a non-lifting state of a target relative to the optical navigation device. The method comprises the steps of: reading a sensing image sensed by the optical navigation device and calculating an image signal value of the sensing image in the non-lifting state; next, integrating a historical threshold value and an image signal value according to a correction factor to calculate a navigation threshold of the sensing image corresponding to an adjustment threshold value of the sensing image, wherein the historical threshold value is the navigation threshold corresponding to a previous sensing image of the read sensing image; next, comparing the adjustment threshold value with the image signal value to judge whether the image signal value exceeds the navigation threshold; and when the image signal value does not exceed the navigation threshold, judging the target to be at the lifting state.


Objective To investigate the using of surface electromyography(sEMG)and electrocardiography(ECG)in evaluation of lower back erector spine workload in different manual lifting techniques,so as to find out the optimal lifting technique.Methods 30 student volunteers simulated manual lifting in the laboratory.Then the sEMG signals of the left and right chest 10 level(LT10 and RT10) and waist 3 level(RL3 and LL3) erector spine muscles(ES),heart rates(HRs),and the values of Borg scale in three manual lifting techniques were measured and analyzed.Results In three lifting techniques,male percentage of the maximum voluntary electrical activation(MVE%) of root mean square values(RMS) of surface myoelectric amplitude of LT10 and RT10 and female MVE% of LL3 and RL3 were higher than those at rest(P0.05).Both male MVE% of LT10 and LL3 and female MVE% of RT10 and LT10 were the highest in squat lifting(P0.05).Female MVE% of RL3 was the lowest on semi-squat lifting(P0.05),but female MVE% of LL3 was the lowest on stoop lifting(P0.05).Both male medium frequency(MF) of LT10 and female MF of LT10 and LL3 were higher than those at rest(P0.05),but male MF of RL3 and female MF of RL3 were lower than those at rest(P0.05).Among the three lifting techniques,all male and female MF values were not statistically different.To compare with the values at rest,both male and female heart rates(HRs) were higher than those at rest(P0.05).In three lifting techniques,male and female HRs were the lowest in stoop lifting(P0.05),and were the highest in squat lifting(P0.05).However,the values of Borg scale of three lifting tasks had no difference in statistics.Conclusions When lifting loads are equal,the squat lifting technique is not recommended.Although in stoop lifting the muscles and heart stresses are lower,yet the erector spine muscles are thin and biomechanical torques are short,so that this lifting technique is not preferable.Based on the above-mentioned reasons,it is suggested that semi-squat lifting technique is an appropriate technique.In this pattern,the muscles and heart stresses are in a lower level.


The precipitation which is the main source of water gets contaminated as soon as it reaches on the earth's surface. During its flow anthropogenic activities in the surrounding area add further impurities in it. Flow of rivers become impeded and are regulated due to construction of dam. This brings about changes in abiotic and biotic factors compared to untamed rivers. The response of each river to dam differs. The present study was aimed to analyze the physico-chemical parameters of the Kalisarar dam reservoir carried out from the month of June 2012-May 2013. The sampling stations were divided by a measurable distance and samples were collected every month. The parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and turbidity were analysed. The paper highlights the condition of the reservoir in various seasons with respect to parameters mentioned above.


Acacia gum(AG)was used in synthesizing selenium nanoparticles.The effects of reactio n time,concentration,temperature and ult rasonic were studied.The morphologies of selenium nanoparticles were characterized by means of UV -absorp tion,TEM and SEM.


We have identified a new β chain hemoglobin (Hb) variant in a 66-year-old diabetic male after an inappropriately low level of glycosylated Hb was detected by enzyme immunoassay, and confirmatory ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of an abnormal Hb. We have subsequently identified the same Hb mutation in an apparently unrelated diabetic male, again following its detection by HPLC.


Based on fracture mechanics theory,Life Estimation System is done for high-speed train brake disc.A method of FAD which evaluating defect and lifespan of the brake disc with flaw assessment the fracture ratio() and load ratio() for high-speed train is put forward according to the theory of stress intensity factor.Using VB,flaw assessment system has been developed to evaluate defect and life span of the brake disc based on Paris formula.The design idea is based on function modular,and it has openness,and could be extended extension.The system has some functions including flaw assessment,proper evaluation and life estimation of the brake disc according to given data.It has very important engineering application value for improving safety and reliability of braking system of high-speed train.


Abstract We study the resonance interaction between two marginally unstable modes of small but finite amplitude waves in the Kelvin-Helmholtz flow model using the method of multiple scales. We find that, as magnetic field increases, the amplitudes of the disturbance diverge at a very high rate while for a fluid of higher density ratio e, the amplitudes diverge very slowly.


The effect of oleic acid on the formation of DNA was studied using the method of incorporation of ~3H-TdR into Ehrlich ascitic cancer cells.The maximum intensity of inhibition was 66.7%,which was 75.43%that of cytosine arabinoside. The experimental results showed that oleic acid prevented ~3H-T dR from incorporating into cancer cells so as to interfere the syn- thesis of DNA.


In Japan, laryngofissure technique applied for the larynx cancer made its debut comparatively late, as compared with that in Europe and America. Namely, the laryngofissure was first used in the treatment of
larynx cancer in 1931 by Prof. F. Tanaka and that was the first time this technique had ever been used in Japan, as far as in author's knowledge. This author had a good fortune to witness that first operation as his assistant.


In this thesis,we research on the necessity and possibility of using these factors in finance and point out that our aim is not only creating this concepts but also analyzing the internal relationship betwee these factors.Finance factors can be arranged into three levels:fundamental factors,structural factors and functional factors.We try to analyse a system of finance factors and make a guide in finance research.


ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to assess the dietary intake of caramel colours and their by-products 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) and 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI) for the Chinese population. Based on the typical and maximum reported use levels of caramel colours in 15 food categories, the dietary intakes of combined and single-class caramel colours of Classes I, III and IV were estimated with the food consumption data from the China National Nutrient and Health Survey. Using the mean values of 4-MEI and THI contents in Class III and Class IV Caramel colour samples, the exposures to 4-MEI and THI from dietary caramel colours were derived. The results showed that the combined and individual average dietary caramel colour intakes for the Chinese population of different age groups were estimated to be 232–60.3 mg kg−1 bw day−1 for combined caramels, 5.9–29.2 mg kg−1 bw day−1 for Class I, 7.7–29.6 mg kg−1 bw day−1 for Class III, 21.2–54.3 mg kg−1 bw day−1 for Class IV, which were far below the group acceptable daily intake (ADI) and respective ADIs. The combined intake of 4-MEI from Class III and IV caramel colours was estimated to be 3.8–5.2 μg kg−1 bw day−1 on average, and 12.9–27.1 μg kg−1 bw day−1 at 95th-97.5th percentile for the general population. The anticipated exposure to THI from Class III caramel colours was estimated to be 0.1–0.3 μg kg−1 bw day−1 on average and 0.5–1.7 μg kg−1 bw day−1 at 95th–97.5th percentile for the general population. The dietary caramel colours intakes and the exposures to 4-MEI and THI from dietary caramel colour for the Chinese population were considered to be of low health concern based on the present toxicological data. Soy sauce, vinegar and compound seasonings were found to be the main contributors to the dietary intake of caramel colours.


ABSTRACT Globally, food processing patterns are becoming more sophisticated and modernized for meeting abrupt increase in demand of allegen free food. The stance of availability of allergens free food is a rather hectic task to implement and consumers most probably become prone to them. Anaphylaxis is a serious health-related syndrome due to the adverse response of immune system. It aggravates by the consumption of foods that contain allergens by ultimately activating basophils and mast cells. There are more or less ten prominent foods that trigger anaphylaxis after the ingestion. Hence, avoiding allergen-containing food can limit the proliferation of anaphylaxis. In this article, the occurrence of allergic reactions with respect to sex disparities, most probable food allergens, diagnostic approaches and its management are discussed.


Combining object model and relation data model are usually used for most modern soft developments.Their differences of technology result in many problems in development process.The solution is to reasonably map object model to relation data model.This paper detailedly introduces many kinds map strategies from object model to relation- al data model for different cases,compares and analyses their advantages and disadvantages.


Let σ be any sequence B0, B1 …, Bn, … of transitive sets closed under pairs with for each n. In this paper we show that the smallest admissible set Aσ with σ ∈ Aσ is Σ1 compact. Thus we have an entirely new class of explicitly describable uncountable Σ1 compact sets. The search for uncountable Σ1 compact languages goes back to Hanf's negative results on compact cardinals [7]. Barwise first showed that all countable admissible sets were Σ1 compact [1] and then went on to give a characterization of the Σ1 compact sets in terms of strict reflection [2]. While his characterization has been of interest in understanding the Σ1 compactness phenomenon it has led to the identification of only one class of uncountable Σ1 compact sets. In particular, Barwise showed [2], using the above notation, that if ⋃nBn is power set admissible it satisfies the strict reflection principle and hence is Σ1 compact. (This result was obtained independently by Karp using algebraic methods [9].) In proving our compactness theorem we follow Makkai's approach to the Barwise Compactness Theorem [12] and use a modified version of Smullyan's abstract consistency property [14]. A direct generalization of Makkai's method to the cofinality ω case yields a proof of the Barwise-Karp result mentioned above [6]. In order to obtain our new result we depart from the usual definition of language and use instead the indexed languages of Karp [9] in which a conjunction is considered to operate on a function whose range is a set of formulas rather than on a set of formulas itself.


The article examines the concepts of death and immortality in the art and exhibition practice of the German artist of the second half of the 20 th century Joseph Beuys. Dialectics of death and immortality in the art of the well-known conceptual artist is revealed in the context of three main prerequisites: his interest in anthroposophy of Rudolf Steiner, the substantial for the 20 th century culture theme of "death of art" and mythical figure of the "death of the author", symbolic for the period of postmodernism. For understanding the mechanism of metamorphosis, leading from "death" to "immortality" in the art of Beuys, his large-scale exhibitions in the largest museums are essential. In the context of these issues Joseph Beuys as a theorist and practitioner of contemporary art reveals the contradiction between the symbolic value of contemporary art and its perception and interpretation.


The glass transition temperature (Tg) of an S/B latex binder, which is highly related to the film-forming properties of latex, has long been of interest, and its effects on the properties of the coating layer are well-known. Measurements of the bulk and surface properties of coating layers or the properties of coated papers have been used to investigate the effect of Tg on the coating structure. However, these approaches cannot provide a detailed analysis of the coating structure because they give an average value for the whole coating layer. We applied a newly developed image analysis method, consisting of smart blur and locally adaptive thresholding techniques, for evaluation of the coating structure depending on the Tg of the S/B latex and the calendering conditions. This approach allowed us to obtain the average pore structure, pore shape, pore size, and Z-directional distribution. The changes in the coated paper properties by calendering or latex types were compared and analyzed based on the coating ...


Because the demand for renewable energy has increased significantly and fixed wind turbine supporting platform meets difficulty when used in about more than 30m water depths, offshoring floating wind turbine supporting platform becomes an active research field.A numberof initial designs have been studied in literature based on a limited and simple requirement not considering whole-life cycle of the offshoring floating wind turbine platform. In this paper, first to supposea new requirement to initial design considering whole-life cycle from installation to operation and extreme condition; second to verify a tension leg wind turbine platform (TLWPT) design utilizing new requirement and give final conclusion.


Introduction: Real-time ultrasound guidance is considered to be the standard of care for central venous access for non-emergent central lines. Traditional sites for ultrasound guided central line placement are the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein via an infraclavicular approach. The AxoTrac


A type of new environmentally friendly grinding fluid was developed with nontoxic and low-toxic additives.Its anti-wear and friction-reducing properties,anti-rust ability and biodegradability were evaluated.The results showed that the grinding fluid possesses excellent synthesis properties and biodegradability as well as low zoology toxicity,and it is a perfect environmentally friendly grinding fluid.


Abstract The variations in the phytoplankton were measured during one year in the oligohaline Danish lake, Selso. Measurements were made of the variations in volume of total phytoplankton and in volumes of the different algal groups. The amount of chlorophyll-a was measured, and the primary production determined, as the maximum rate of gross production. Among the more important environmental factors measurements were made of temperature, transparency, conductivity, salinity, pH, alkalinity, oxygen content and the nutrients nitrate, phosphate and silicon. The relations between the variations in the phytoplankton volume and the variations in pH, alkalinity and the content of nutrients are discussed. A comparison is made with other, earlier investigated Danish inshore waters.


The development of Southwest Virginia's coal mining region is limited by a lack of building sites. Much of the land in this region consists of steep slopes with shallow soils that are poorly suited to residential development. In recent years, widespread surface coal mining has created lands that are both favorably located and configured to support residential housing. However, since such sites are commonly located beyond the extent of public sewers, developing them requires a means for on-site wastewater treatment and dispersal. This publication is written for homeowners, home builders, land developers, public officials, and others who may have an interest in building residential housing or other types of developments on mined lands that are not accessible to public sewers.


The purpose of this study is to find an efficient method to segment out the fibro glandular tissues from bilateral T1 weighted pre-contrast breast MR images and simultaneously introduce a novel method i.e. using spectrum lofts, to do the same. This has been achieved by carrying out segmentations using some previously followed methods independently and comparing their respective standard performance evaluation parameters like Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Jaccards Index (JI) and Dissimilarity Index (DI) to the ones of the proposed method in order to confirm the superiority of the same.


Mission always has focused on the constituent elements of the church, which are an intrinsic part of the church's very existence. Mission therefore is defined directly in relation to evangelism. This study aims to present briefly two of the today's missionary challenges from an Orthodox perspective. The first is how to preserve cultural and religious identity in a polymorphic society in all aspects, and how to eliminate the risk of confusing it with an ideology. The second refers to the missionary dimension of monasticism and the efficiency of the professional practice of the spiritual competences.


From 1980 until his death in 2002, Ralph Shapey employed a pitch and rhythm structure, which he referred to as the 'Mother Lode', to compose almost all of his music. The Gottlieb Duo (1984), for piano and percussion, is a model for Shapey's use of the Mother Lode in the 1980s. This work also occupies a unique position in Shapey's oeuvre, because it is one of the first Mother Lode pieces to employ indefinite-pitched percussion. This article briefly examines the Mother Lode, and looks in detail at how the Gottlieb Duo expresses the Mother Lode structure, while simultaneously placing it in the context of other Mother Lode pieces from the 1980s. It also discusses how the Mother Lode, which is based on a twelve-tone row, affected Shapey's use of indefinite-pitched percussion during this period, and how his use of percussion changed as his treatment of the Mother Lode became increasingly flexible.


Objective: To observe the influence of long-term efficacy of thread-embedding at acupoint therapy combined western conventional therapy treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods: 90 cases of stable COPD patients were randomly divided into treatment group(45 cases),which was used thread-embedding at acupoint therapy combined with western conventional therapy and control group(45 cases),which was given the western conventional therapy only. There were some indices being recorded including the TCM symptoms,the frequency of severe AECOPD,COPD Assessment Test(CAT score),Modified Medical Research Council Scale(mMRC),and pulmonary function(FEV1) before and after treatment for 1 year. Results: After 1 year of treatment,87 completed follow-up cases of stable COPD patients among which thread-embedding at acupoint therapy group had 44 cases and control group had 43 cases. 1 year after treatment, in terms of the number of AECOPD episodes ≥ 1 time,thread-embedding at acupoint therapy group and control group showed no significant difference(P 0.05). But the AECOPD episodes ≥ 1 time of therapy group was significantly reduced than before treatment after 1 year of treatment. The difference was statistically significant(P 0.05). The thread-embedding at acupoint therapy group was significantly improved than control group in CAT score and mMRC scores after 1 year of treatment. The difference was statistically significant(P 0.05) which demonstrated the thread-embedding at acupoint therapy can improve quality of life and relieve dyspnea while pulmonary function(FEV1measured value) before and after treatment was not improved(P 0.05). The thread-embedding at acupoint therapy group did not show the advantages of long-term efficacy. Routine blood count,liver and kidney function,routine urine tests,etc. of two groups of patients before and after treatment were within the normal range. The thread-embedding at acupoint therapy group had no adverse local tissue reactions and symptoms,thus was safe and reliable. Conclusion: Thread-embedding at acupoint therapy combined with western conventional therapy can improve quality of life and improve dyspnea of patients with stable COPD. Long-term efficacy is superior to using western medicine alone. Although the therapy fails to obviously reduce the number of AECOPD or alleviate the deterioration of pulmonary function.


Cell-associated and circulating hemostatic factors have been identified as powerful determinants of tumor cell metastatis, primarily by supporting the early survival of newly formed micrometastases. However, despite substantial evidence that procoagulants and related signaling molecules can control cell proliferation, angiogenesis and other reparative processes, multiple prior studies unexpectedly demonstrated that hemostatic factors were often dispensable for the growth of established tumors. Here, we report that colorectal cancer represents at least one important exception where hemostatic factors control multiple aspects of cancer pathogenesis. Consistent with clinical findings that patients with prothrombotic mutations (homozygosity for the fV Leiden ) have a ~6-fold increased risk of developing colorectal cancer, we have shown previously that mice with even a relatively modest 50% genetically-imposed diminution in circulating prothrombin exhibit a dramatically decreased tumor incidence in a murine model of inflammation-driven colon cancer. In order to determine if thrombin supports the growth of established colorectal cancer, we compared the subcutaneous growth of an aggressive C57Bl/6-derived colonic adenocarcinoma (MC38) in cohorts of wildtype mice and fII Lox/- mice carrying just ~10% the normal level of circulating prothrombin. Colon cancer growth was significantly diminished in fII Lox/- mice relative to control animals, resulting in a ~3-fold difference in tumor mass between cohorts at the end of the 3 week study period. Complementary studies in which hepatic prothrombin expression and circulating prothrombin levels were diminished using a specific prothrombin antisense oligonucleotide "gapmer" resulted in a similar reduction in colorectal cancer primary tumor growth. Furthermore, prothrombin "gapmer" treatment also slowed the growth of an aggressive, human-derived colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line transplanted into immunodeficient nude mice. Detailed histological analyses revealed no significant prothrombin-dependent differences in angiogenesis, tumor cell apoptosis or the numbers of tumor-associated macrophages. However, histological analyses of colonic adenocarcinoma tumors revealed a significantly lower mitotic index as well as significantly less migration of tumor cells through the panniculus muscle in tumors harvested from fII Lox/- mice relative to control mice, suggesting that thrombin promotes tumor cell proliferation and local migration through tissue barriers. Complementary studies of pulmonary metastatic foci formed following intravenous injection of MC38 cells into fII Lox/- and control mice further revealed that lowering prothrombin essentially eliminated pulmonary metastases, whereas numerous pulmonary foci were present in animals with normal prothrombin levels. To further characterize the role of thrombin in colorectal cancer growth, we analyzed the potential of a-thrombin to promote MC38 proliferation and invasion in vitro . Here, brief exposure to a-thrombin induced the proliferation of MC38 cells and acted as a chemoattractant when added to the lower chamber in a Boyden chamber assay. Together, these findings suggest thrombin significantly contributes to multiple stages of colon cancer pathogenesis, including tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic seeding, and emphasize the potential utility of targeting prothrombin, thrombin generation or thrombin activity as novel adjunct therapeutic strategies to impede the growth and progression of colorectal carcinoma. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of Jingqi Xiaocuo decoction taking orally combining wet dressing of Chinese herbs in treatment of acne vulgaris with qi and yin deficiency.Methods We selected 62 acne patients and they were all in qi and yin deficiency type. They were randomly divided into treating group and control group. 31 patients in treating group were treated by Jingqi Xiaocuo decoction taking orally combining wet dressing of Chinese herbs, and other 31 cases in control group were treated by Minocycline capsules taking orally combining Clindamycin Phosphate Gel application. Then contrast the clinical effect of tow groups. Results The total effective ratio in treating group was 93.55%, and 83.87% in control groups(P0.05). The results of evaluation proved that the clinical effect of Jingqi Xiaocuo decoction taking orally combining wet dressing of Chinese herbs was superior to modern medicine, and there were not any obvious adverse effects.Conclusion Jingqi Xiaocuo decoction taking orally combining wet dressing of Chinese herbs has a definite effect in treatment of acne vulgaris with qi and yin deficiency. It deserves the further development and use.


YT2—6H well is a horizontal exploitation well,It was drilled to measured depth of 4823m,with vertical depth 4378. 44m,and extended horizontal depth 300.77m.To YT2—6H well as an example,introduce the petrography character and technical difficulties in the drilling construction in the YT2 well area,advance the technical measure,aggregate successful experience of treatment at the scene,some references are advised for safety and fast constructing of directional well,horizontal well in this well area.


Strengthen administrative experience by summing up a coke oven,Provide new approaching for Energy conservation and Increase beneficial result of the coke oven production.


Most Internet of Things applications rely on wireless communication, which ensures flexibility and scalability. However, an increasing number of these applications have real-time constraints and require mixed-criticality. Indeed, the complexity of distributed systems necessarily calls for data exchanges with different priorities and different failure handling. The design of a reliable protocol supporting different traffic priorities must take into account external interferences that can inevitably affect radio links. This article focuses on LoRaWAN, the currently most famous example of low power wide area network technology. In particular, redundant transmissions offered by the proposed LoRa-REP strategy enhance the communication resilience of sporadic critical message transaction (consisting of message uplink and acknowledgment downlink). The implementation by means of "virtual nodes" assures compatibility with legacy deployments (preserving investments) and offers easy scalability. Experimental results obtained with purposely designed test bench confirm the advantages of the proposed solution in a real-world scenario. Notably, the failure probability of a critical transaction drops from 78% of single spreading factor scenario to less than 2.5% with the proposed LoRa-REP.


nm in the 1.5-pm low-loss window and bandwidth of 3.0 nm using both forward and reverse biases [41. In this letter, we report on the experimental demonstration of a widely tunable (> 73 nm), narrow bandwidth (- 1.5 nm), low injection current density ( - 1.1 kA/cm2), vertically coupled ridge waveguide directional coupler filter. The device operates at a central wavelength around 1.3-pm and is 5-mm long. In addition, the structure is simple to fabricate, requiring only a single growth and etch step. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION


process which finally led to British government purchasing the majority shares of that company, Davoudi has been also able to shed a new light, provide new sources, and present novel information on the early history of oil and petroleum in Iran. Thus, his book forms a new and welcome addition to the existing literature on the subject and is, therefore, a recommended read for all those interested in the history of oil, the British Empire, modern Iran (especially late Qajar), concessions, company history, processes of modernization and development in traditional societies, and more.


Let $V$ be an analytic subvariety of a domain $\Omega$ in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$. When does $V$ have the property that every bounded holomorphic function $f$ on $V$ has an extension to a bounded holomorphic function on $\Omega$ with the same norm? An obvious sufficient condition is if $V$ is a holomorphic retract of $\Omega$. We shall discuss for what domains $\Omega$ this is also necessary. This is joint work with Łukasz Kosinski.


Recent advances in knowledge about the relation of divison delay to dose invalidate Lea's linear model of the recovery process. Since the present evidence is that delay is a straight-line function of dose, the first model considered is one postulating zero-order recovery kinetics. Although this yields a straight-line delay/dose relation, it is inconsistent in other respects. Lea's first-order model is reexamined and shown to lead to a logarithmic delay/dose relation which fails to fit the data for synchronized cell populations. A model is next considered in which the rate of recovery depends on the amount of uninjured biosynthetic substances remaining after irradiation. This model leads to second-order kinetics and a logistic recovery function. It is shown that this model yields a straight-line delay/dose relation and consistent estimates of the injury and recovery parameters. This second-order model is fitted to data for mammalian cells in culture and for vegetative division of Paramecium aurelia. The mo...


Job Market Signaling put forward by Nobel Prize winner Michael Spence,suggests that separate equilibrium can be achieved when signaling exists between the sender and the receiver.However,due to different information structure,there is roughness of communication when the signal lacks accuracy and validity,a shortage that could reduce market efficiency.Therefore,the present writer introduces the rough set theory into signaling game and investigates in this paper if we can establish the core signal set which can approximate the invisible information to the utmost based on rough set theory to provide a new perspective in dealing with the multiple signaling.


Three different emulsion polymerization techniques, the batch (B), monomer addition (M Add), and emulsion addition (E Add) procedures were studied. Rates of polymerization indicated that the B reacted more rapidly than either the M Add or E Add. This was related to the lower monomer concentration present in the M Add and E Add systems. This is described as monomer starvation. MW and MW distributions were compared for these polymers. The B polymer had a significantly higher MW than either the M Add or E Add polymer. This could also be related to monomer starvation in the latter systems. However, the MW distribution of these polymers gave comparable values of Mw/Mn = 3.1. This indicates a similar molecular growth phenomena which appears to result from polymerization occurring near the particle surface for the addition systems. Particle size distribution measurements showed the B latex to have the narrowest distribution while the E Add latex had the widest. Also, the M Add had a particle diameter distribution which was approximated by a normal distribution. This is explained by use of the monomer starvation concept. Additional polymerizations were carried out called "hybrids" which were variations of the polymerizations discussed above. Significant differences result from the various techniques of emulsion polymerization. These differences manifest themselves not only in average particle size and MW, but also in particle size distribution. No significant differences were obtained in MW distributions.


I sympathise with the problems of Christopher Jones (Letters December 17), but tire solution for nurses with mounting debts does not just lie in higher pay, no matter how desirable. It is not politically achievable by a Labour government committed to restrictions on public expenditure. Part of the answer must lie in making entry to nursing more flexible.