The advent of computing technology has made far more impact in the developed world than any other technology in the past. The effect of this technology on third world countries has, so far, not been different from the introduction of other types of technologies. This paper attempts to highlight the negative aspects of the present state of computing in these countries in the hope that lessons can be drawn which will improve and modify future developments and trends. Transferring the development pattern of the developed world would be unwise as this has proved inadequate in the industrialization process of third world countries.
 The paper also argues the role of international agencies and computer suppliers in the dissemination of information on computing technology and suggests a more pragmatic approach to the development of endogenous capacities through direct interaction between developed and less developed countries. Examples of development profiles are drawn from the Arab region and guidelines for future plans are proposed.


Background/aims To evaluate the impact of dry eye on reading performance. Methods Out-loud and silent reading in patients with clinically significant dry eye (n=41) and controls (n=50) was evaluated using standardised texts. Dry eye measures included tear film break-up time, Schirmer's test and corneal epithelial staining. Symptoms were assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Results The dry eye group had a greater proportion of women as compared with the control group but did not differ in age, race, education level or visual acuity (p≥0.05 for all). Out-loud reading speed averaged 148 words per minute (wpm) in dry eye subjects and 163 wpm in controls (p=0.006). Prolonged silent reading speed averaged 199 wpm in dry eye subjects versus 226 wpm in controls (p=0.03). In multivariable regression models, out-loud and sustained silent reading speeds were 10 wpm (95% CI −20 to −1 wpm, p=0.039) and 14% (95% CI −25% to −2%, p=0.032) slower, respectively, in dry eye subjects as compared with controls. Greater corneal staining was associated with slower out-loud (−2 wpm/1 unit increase in staining score, 95% CI =−3 to −0.3 wpm) and silent (−2%, 95% CI −4 to −0.6 wpm) reading speeds (p<0.02 for both). Significant interactions were found between OSDI score and word-specific features (longer and less commonly used words) on out-loud reading speed (p<0.05 for both). Conclusions Dry eye is associated with slower out-loud and silent reading speeds, providing direct evidence regarding the functional impact of dry eye. Reading speed represents a measurable clinical finding that correlates directly with dry eye severity.


In a wide search program toward new anticancer agents, a series of Aromatic chalcones have been synthesized by condensing benzaldehyde derivatives with arylmethylcetone in potassium hydroxide ethanol according to the Claisen-Schmidth condensation at room temperature. The synthetic chalcones have been determined by IR spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The anticancer activitiesof the compounds were evaluated against in vitro using human tumour cell lines of Jurkat and HL-60 cell lines and MTT assay. From the series, two compounds(4,15) exhibited potent growth inhibi-tory effects against the proliferation of human T-lymphocyte leukemia compared to the parent unsubstitutedchalcone. The result shows that the electron donating groups moiety may increase anticancer activity. Aromatic chalcones with hydroxyl group,methoxy group on A ring at positions 2 or 3 are considered as lead compounds for generation of new potential anticancer drugs in future.Similarly,the compounds(7,12) exhibited potent growth inhibitory effects against HL-60 cells. The results are very encouraging. Future studies include testing the compounds in vivo with and without radiation. Docking studies with 1NKP have shown that the compound 17 has highest IC50 against human leukemia cells (HL-60).


Contributions to vortex methods for the computation of incompressible unsteady flows are presented. Three methods are investigated, both theoretically and numerically.

The first method to be considered is the inviscid method of vortex filaments in three dimensions, and the following topics are presented: (a) review of the method of regularized vortex filaments and of convergence results for multiple-filament computations, (b) modeling of a vortex tube by a single filament convected with the regularized Biot-Savart velocity applied on the centerline: velocity of the thin filament vortex ring and dispersion relation of the rectilinear filament, and (c) development of a new regularization of the Biot-Savart law that reproduces the lowest mode dispersion relation of the rectilinear vortex tube in the range of large to medium wavelengths.

Next the method of vortex particles in three dimensions is investigated, and the following contributions are discussed: (a) review of the method of singular vortex particles: investigation of different evolution equations for the particle strength vector and weak solutions of the vorticity equation, (b) review of the method of regularized vortex particles and of convergence results, and introduction of a new algebraic smoothing with convergence properties as good as those of Gaussian smoothing, (c) development of a new viscous method in which viscous diffusion is taken into account by a scheme that redistributes the particle strength vectors, and application of the method to the computation of the fusion of two vortex rings at Re = 400, and (d) investigation of the particle method with respect to the conservation laws and derivation of new expressions for the evaluation of the quadratic diagnostics: energy, helicity and enstrophy.

The third method considered is the method of contour dynamics in two dimensions. The particular efforts presented are (a) review of the classical inviscid method and development of a new regularized version of the method, (b) development of a new vector particle version of the method, both singular and regularized: the method of particles of vorticity gradient, (c) development of a viscous version of the method of regularized particles and application of the method to computation of the reconnection of two vortex patches of same sign vorticity, and (d) investigation of the particle method with respect to the conservation laws and derivation of new expressions for the evaluation of linear and quadratic diagnostics.


ANTENNA SYSTEM SCANNING TAPER TO RECEIVE TYPE CASSEGRAIN WITH A MAIN DISH REFLECTOR REFLECTOR AUXILIARY HYPERBOLIC AND TWO WITH FIREPLACE ONE IN A FOCAL PLANE OF THE OTHER. L ONE OF THESE IS SEMITRANSPARENT REFLECTOR AND THE OTHER IS ANIME MOVEMENT ROTATING AROUND A INCLINE AXIS RELATIVE TO THE AXIS OF THE SYSTEM FOCAL. APPLICATION TO rADAR CONTINUED.


In October 2013 Auckland Libraries conducted a Kobo Touch eReader pilot for six months using fifty devices in five libraries. The devices were pre-loaded with free content sourced from the Kobo website. Customer and staff feedback were gathered during the pilot, which informed a report. The findings of the report and experiences of the pilot working group are detailed in the presentation. It also describes the pilot project from a practical view point. This includes discussion about purchasing, content loading, legal opinions, cataloguing decisions, lending methods, terms and conditions of use, marketing, training, user guides, device management, feedback gathering, and potential future use of eReader devices at Auckland Libraries. The results of the trial were positive, with wide customer and staff support for the devices being rolled out as a core part of Auckland Libraries collection and to introduce lending eReaders lending as a new service. Some reservations were noted, including about the range of content loaded during the trial, the booking system used during the trial, the requirements for staff management, and access to eBook contents within copyright.


In this paper, we study the power quality measurement technology for green energy lighting systems including LET, high efficient 3-wave Ramp, etc. For those systems, the good power quality measurement for Sine wave and pulse noise added signals, especially at the frequency range of 60Hz to 100KHz, is necessary. We implement a power quality measurement testbed using TI DSP TMS320F28335 MCU.


This paper presents the results of the chemical study on Pre-Roman inscriptions from the ancient site of Sinca Veche, Brasov county-Romania. The metallic objects from Sinca Veche temple determined some series of contradictory discussions on their compositions. Some of experts consider that the origin of the temple is from the Pelasges culture, a Pre-Dacian civilization. However, the other researchers established that the signs places are not related with Christian symbols. The locations from where the samples were withdrawn are: S1. the altar, S2. the profile of human shape, S3. superior vertically open well, S4. the inscription on the opposite wall, S5. the simple recess (figure 1). This paper intends to demonstrate the composition of tools by trace analysis. Five elements (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cr) were quantitatively measured by atomic absorption spectrometr y (AAS) in order to devaluate the metal concentration level. The study has two important objectives. The first of them is to differentiate the human activity traces from the effects of natural erosion, even if some of these aspects under discussion seem to be a result of human activities. On the other hand, we want to decide


Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is a retrovirus which infects meat-type chickens.A panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to ALV-J was developed by fusion between NS1 and spleen cells from mice immunized with Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculovirus Hcl-env.Using immunofluorescence assay (IFA),three of four Mabs reacted with ALV-J,but not with subgroups A,B,C,D or E of ALV.Interestingly,one of the four Mabs reacted with all exogenous subgroups of ALV but not with endogenous subgroup E.Western Blot and immunoprecipitation tests showed that molecular weight of ALV-J envelope glycoprotein or unglycosylated envelope protein recognized by Mabs was about 90 kD and 53 kD respectively.Using these Mabs we can detect the ALV-J antigen in CEF infected with ADOL-Hcl.These Mabs can be used for diagnosis and epidemology of ALV-J.


A new approach for aiding the decision making process on Verbal Decision Analysis and basically structured on ZAPROS III method is proposed, aiming the presentation of complete and satisfactory results to the decision maker by reducing the incomparability cases between alternatives. A tool applying the methodology was developed. Optimizations were done to the original method through some differentials on the process, considering similar tools which support solving ill-structured problems. Computational experiments applied to the tool presented promising results.


Device for controlling a plurality of elevators in the single hoistway body movement includes the elevator door body monitoring module 46 to facilitate the movement of the control (22, 24). Door monitoring module 46 is configured to determine if there is at least one door (30) along the shaft (26) open. Door monitoring module 46 is thereby at least when the platform corresponding to one of the open door with the first elevator car body (22) is stopped to place the first relay 52 to the selected operating state. Door monitoring module 46 is thereby at least when the platform corresponding to one of the open door 2 in the elevator body 24 is stopped placing the second relay (56) at a selected operating condition. Further, in a case the door monitor module 46 is not stopped any of the first elevator body 22 and the second elevator car body 24 to the platform corresponding to the door 30 open along the hoistway 26 first relay 52 and second relay 56 are both configured to place all of the selected operating state.


This study is a commentary on Carl Stumpf's evaluation of Husserl's phenomenology as presented in the Logical Investigations and the first book of Ideas. I first examine Stumpf's reception of the version of phenomenology that Husserl presented in the Logical Investigations and I then look at §§ 85-86 of Ideas I, in which Husserl seeks to demarcate his "pure" phenomenology from that of Stumpf. In the third section, I analyze the criticism that Stumpf, in § 13 of his book Erkenntnislehre, directs toward to the new version of phenomenology that Husserl develops in Ideas I, and in the fourth, I summarize the Spinozist interpretation of the noetico-noematical correlations that Stumpf proposes in his two studies on Spinoza. The last section addresses Husserl's self-criticism regarding the Cartesian aproach to the reduction in Ideas I and the parallelism that the late Husserl establishes between intentional psychology and transcendental phenomenology. I try to show that the version of phenomenology that Husserl develops during the Freiburg period anticipates in many respects Stumpf's criticism and partly confirms the latter's diagnosis of the version of phenomenology advocated in Ideas I. One hundred years after the publication of the first book of Husserl's Ideas, we are still far from having reached a consensus regarding the philosophical implications of this work and its contribution to the philosophical program of the founder of contemporary phenomenology. Soon after its publication in 1913, this book received a mitigated reception (to say the least) from Husserl's first students (the Munich phenomenologists); it gave rise to many controversies on the ins and outs of Husserl's phenomenology and on the book's central theme, that is, intentionality. It is in this book that Husserl introduced the concept of noema, which represents the heart of his theory of intentionality, and we know that since the 1960s the reception of Ideas I has been the subject of a vigorous debate which still arouses a great deal of interest from Husserl's commentators even today. But the


Death rates from cirrhosis of the liver are rising in England whereas rates in most other European Union countries are falling, a government report published last week said.

In 1970 England had a death rate of 2 per 100000 population, seven times lower than the European average at the time. Figures for 1998 show a rate of 7 per 100000 in England, whereas the EU average has declined to below 10 per 100000.

In his first annual report as chief medical officer, Professor Liam Donaldson said that although death rates have risen in all age groups, the largest rise has been in those aged …


The nonlinear dynamical approach to creativity considers it as the processes responsible for the producing effective novelty, as well as the control mechanisms that regulate novelty production. Merely novel information display surprise and incongruity, to be sure, but they must also be meaningful. We present the Dynamical Origin of Creativity (DOC) hypothesis in application to music improvisation/ composition and poetry. The corresponding dynamical models are based on the general cognitive principles: transitivity, existence of metastable states, robustness and sensitivity to available information.


Commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software CFX5.5 was used to study the pressure losses in close-coupled fittings. Turbulent flows in fittings with one elbow, two elbows (U-shape, Z-shape, and T-shape), and three elbows (S-shape) were studied by solving three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model provided much better results than the standard k-å model in prediction of the loss coefficient in close-coupled fittings, in which flow experienced massive separation. The calculations confirmed the experimental observations: for separation distance less than 20 pipe diameters, the pressure loss coefficient was less than that of the equivalent uncoupled elbows, while for separation distance larger than 20 pipe diameters, the pressure loss coefficient was the same as that of the uncoupled fittings. The calculated velocity vectors associated with various fittings were also studied to reveal the mechanism of the pressure loss and its correlation with the fitting configurations of different separation distances.


The article highlights the spread of the habitat of the orange-footed scrubfowl in Darwin. The bird was only seen in around 3 areas and now has been found in 30 suburbs of Darwin and residents have reported their garden-raking activities.


Cavitation is often linked to the inability of the system to provide sufficient NPSH to the pump. Pump users often feel safe running a pump if the NPSH required by the pump is below what is available in the system. What is gas entrainment within process fluid and how does it affect pump performance? Is there a connection of entrained gas with cavitation? When flow through the pump is too low, a part of the mechanical energy that is put in for running the pump is converted to pressure energy and the remaining goes to heat the liquid. This raises the liquid temperature and eventually vaporizes it. This vapor stays within the process liquid as bubbles, which causes cavitation. All the above conditions cause cavitation. This paper describes how these conditions develop, and shows how to identify and then rectify them.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


This article examines the photographic paper and the colorant in an album of hand-colored photographs made in Japan and explores the interconnectedness between industry and the arts. To do so, it looks at the historical discourse over hand-coloring materials and follows the chain of manufacture for albumen paper in Europe, comparing both to the material evidence in the album. By doing so, this article shows that the networks of information transfer, labor, and capital worked in tandem to create the conditions of production for the photographs.


This paper illustrates theories relative to third-party logistics and distribution center, analyzes the basic principles abided by site selection of logistics distribution center and effect factors, and finally optimizes the site selection of logistics distribution center through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, which has certain practical significances.


The rapid progression of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has established Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) as critical elements in the financial landscape. Nevertheless, the open and transparent nature of DEX makes them susceptible to strategic manipulations, especially the sandwich attack. During such maneuvers, ill-intentioned actors exploit price slippage by positioning their transactions strategically around a target's order to reap unfair profits. This paper introduces a ground-breaking framework rooted in mechanism design game theory to lessen the impact of sandwich attacks. The framework delineates the precise strategy of the sandwich attack and its repercussions, shedding light on the tactical aspects and utility functions pertinent to both the attackers and the ordinary traders, subsequently referred to as workers. The discussion extends to defining utility functions for both the market and the workers, emphasizing the benefits of liquidity provision for the market and the potential profits and losses for the workers. The proposal encourages adopting a market-centric mechanism design grounded in game theory, wherein the market, operating as the designer, creates rules to maximize its utility while considering the workers' utility. Through a meticulous analysis of this game-theoretic approach, the study identifies optimum strategies for all the involved parties, demonstrating that these strategies can reach a balanced state. Further, this study presents a comparative view against existing research, highlighting the limitations of contemporary solutions and asserting the effectiveness of the proposed model in protecting the interests of both the market and the workers. Ultimately, this research furnishes stakeholders with new perspectives and instruments to thwart sandwich attacks and lays a foundation for creating resilient and fair decentralized trading infrastructures.


Introduction: Knowledge of tracheal morphometry is essential for carrying out interventional procedures of the airway like endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy and tracheal stenting. It has been described that the length of human trachea ranges from 10 to 11 cm and the internal tracheal diameter in transverse axis is about 12 mm in adults. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the tracheal length and its internal and external diameters from adult Nepalese cadavers. Methods: A total number of 182 cadavers, 132 male and 50 female, with Nepalese nationality were studied. The study subjects were 18 years or above. Tracheal length, internal and external tracheal diameters in anteroposterior and transverse axes were measured after photographic record of the sample. Result: The mean tracheal length was 82.87±8.3 mm in male and77.59±9.3 mm in female. The TEDAP were 18.95±2.0 mm and 15.83±2.2 mm in male and female respectively. The TEDTR were 23.73±3.5 mm and 20.70±3.0 mm in males and females respectively. The TIDAP in males was 9.34±2.2 mm and in females was 6.88±1.7 mm. The TIDTR was 13.24±2.9 mm in males and 10.51±2.9 mm in females. Conclusion: The tracheal dimensions of our study showed marked dissimilarity with those of the studies conducted in western population.


A surface acoustic wave(SAW)sensor(operating at about 147.8 MHz at room temperature)based on SnO_2/CuO composite thin films has been investigated for detecting H_2S gas in this paper.The films were deposited onto a 36°YXLiTaO_3 SAW device by a RF magnetron sputtering technique.From field emission electron scanning electron microscope image,it can be concluded that the films were continuous,uniform,and porous,exhibiting high absorbability.Then at different operating temperatures varying from 85℃to 205℃,the speed of adsorption and desorption,sensitivity,selectivity and other properties of sensing H_2S gas were studied by experiments.Our experimental results showed that the prepared sensor possessed fast adsorption and desorption characteristics,operating at relatively low temperature. For detecting 20ppm H_2S,the shortest response and recovery time of 30 s and 15 s respectively were obtained at 190℃,and the highest sensitivity of about 230kHz frequency shift was observed at 160℃.Moreover,45 kHz response can be seen for detecting low concentration of 2 ppm H_2S.Satisfied repeatability and selectivity were also demonstrated by our experiments.


The effects of alpha-ray, proton, and gamma-ray irradiation on the electrical properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells and the photoluminescence spectra of CIGS and CuInSe2 (CIS) thin films were investigated. Particle irradiation using alpha-ray and proton primarily degraded the interfaces of CIGS solar cells, even though the CIS and CIGS thin films did not degraded, in the case of a low irradiation fluence of the order of 109 cm-2. On the other hand, CIS and CIGS showed good tolerance to gamma-ray irradiation because the impact of wave radiation is insufficient to degrade the crystal, in comparison with particle radiation. These results will become the first step toward realizing practical applications of CIGS solar cells in space and clarifying their degradation mechanism.


In order to perform clonal selection of the best individuals, pineapple, Ananas comusus «Pineapple of castilla from Choco», buds of apices extracted from basal shoots were multiplied in vitro . These buds were transferred into a semisolid medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS), applying eight different types of hormonal treatments: No growth regulators; 0.25 mg/l of naftaleneacetic acid (NAA) + 0.5 mg/l of benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.1 mg/l de ANA+0.8 mg/l de BA, 0.3 mg/l de ANA+1 mg/l de 6-BA, 0.5 mg/l de ANA+1.5 mg/l de 6-BA, 0.8 mg/l de ANA+1.8 mg/ de 6-BA, 1 mg/l de ANA+2 mg/l de 6-BA, 0.3 mg/l de ANA+1 mg/l de 6-BA+2 mg/l gibberellic acid (AG3). Sixty day later, the number of shoots per explant (295.5) was greater when using 1 mg/l of NAA+2 mg/l of BA; also the number of shoots with height between 0.5 and 1 cm (9.5) and >1 cm (200.6) was greater, the rooting was ex vitro , at thirty days the plants had eight root of 1.5 cm.


Economic load dispatch is the economic loading of different generating units for variable load conditions of any power system. Emission contributions of conventional thermal power plants plays major role in the overall air pollution. The total emissions need to satisfy the allowable limits of the emission. This paper proposes the load scheduling for combined economic emission and load dispatch (CEELD) problems. In this paper, Biogeography Based optimization (BBO) technique is employed to estimate the fuel cost and emission of all the generating units. The aim of this paper is to minimize the fuel cost and emission of all the units for a given load. Result obtained by BBO are compared with the results obtained by different other optimization techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), evolutionary programming (EP) and differential evolution (DE) with respect to total fuel cost, solution time and convergence criteria. The proposed BBO technique is employed on a standard IEEE 30 bus - 6 generator power system to obtain the CEELD solution. The BBO algorithm is carried out in MATLAB environment. The solutions obtained by BBO technique are quite encouraging.


Many musical traditions – from Western art, to popular and commercial – organize pitch phenomena around a referential pitch class (or tonic) and feature triads and seventh chords. As a result, triadic progressions associated with one tradition sometimes resurface in others. How, then, are we to distinguish between the conventional harmonic patterns that span several time periods, and the characteristic idioms that delimit a single period? This essay presents a comparative study of triadic progressions in four data sets comprised of expert harmonic annotations: Annotated Beethoven Corpus (ABC), Theme and Variation Encodings with Roman Numerals (TAVERN), Rolling Stone-200 (RS-200), and McGill Billboard (Billboard). Using methods for counting, filtering, and ranking multichord expressions, we reveal conventional and characteristic progressions and examine broad trends over time. We also include an accompanying standalone application that allows users to adjust various stages of the model pipeline and export the data for further exploration and analysis.


Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Yunnan wild blueberry extracts. Methods: the DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS free radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging and anti lipid peroxidation capacities, were employed to determine the antioxidant properties of Yunnan wild blueberry extracts and compared the antioxidant properties with imported and other domestic blueberry in the marketplaces. Results: the IC50 values of DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS free radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging and anti lipid peroxidation of Yunnan wild blueberry extract were 0.846 mg, 0.469 mg, 2.068 mg, and 1.546 mg, respectively. These values indicated that the antioxidant activity of Yunnan wild blueberry was higher than the imported and other domestic blueberry. Conclusion: Yunnanwild blueberry extracts have strong antioxidant activity and potential prospects of product development and application.


I would like to thank Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan for inviting me to talk about the global financial and economic situation and outlook. It is for me a great pleasure to be in Japan, and an opportunity to reflect about the financial crisis. Japan is indeed a striking example on how a crisis that started in a segment of the US financial markets eventually spread all over the world: while Japanese financial institutions' limited exposure to the US sub-prime market allowed Japan to relatively withstand the first period of the turmoil, the intensification of the crisis as of September 2008 also impacted significantly the Japanese economy through multiple channels. A broadly similar pattern holds true for the euro area, and ultimately also for the emerging market economies. In my address to you today, I will take a global perspective on the crisis, its root causes and the policy response.


Aging is a biological process experienced by mankind. It is a sequence of changes across the life span of an individual. Although aging is the last stage of life, it is multidimensional process. Currently, 10% of the world's population is filled by older people (World Health Organization). In 1950, the older population of the world was 200 million, and this was estimated to rise to 1.2 billion by 2025; we can expect a sixfold increase in another 75 years. Ireland and other European countries evidenced that the birth rate has been falling with a significant increase in older people. These changing shifts in population structure will increase the conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, dementia and also depressive disorders (Shives, 2005). In India, 50% of the population has been depression in the last two decades, and it is projected to increase further during the next 25 years as a consequence of the epidemiological and demographic transitions. Depression is a disorder of major public health importance, in terms of its prevalence, suffering, dysfunction and morbidity. Hence, it is a challenging task for mental health care professionals to recognize older people having depression. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of reflex therapy among older people with depression and to associate the post-test level of depression with the selected demographic variables. The study was carried out in 60 older people selected by randomization with the age of 60 years and above, living in two different old age homes with mild and moderate depression, and was approved by the Institutional Human Ethics Committee of Saveetha University. Tool consists of demographic variables such as age, gender, marital status, availability of family support, duration of stay in old age home, use of antidepressants and Geriatric Depression Scale by Welden and Yesavage (1982).


This paper proposes a tunable and high directivity coupler that is used a RF power monitor in ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. High directivity of a coupler is a critical factor to assure the accurate output in the reflected power measurement. To obtain a tunable and high directivity coupler, a novel directivity tuner includes tunable capacitors and resistors in a passive circuit. A well-tuned capacitance and resistance compensates phase difference and improves directivity in MRI operating frequencies. Therefore, this method significantly reduces the uncertainty of power measurement outputs and can accurately determine reflected power with load variation. The measured results of the proposed coupler agree with the simulation data and achieve excellent isolations (more than 65 dB) and directivities (more than 40 dB) in a compact size of 40 mm × 25 mm.


Researchers are striving to find the best possible ways to decompose or recycle generated waste to create a pollution‐free environment. Besides the problem of waste pollution, efficient energy generation is another challenging issue across the world. To counter both these problems in a single shot, a unique strategy of reusing and recycling trash soda cans and disposable plastic cups in a simple function change (Funchange) triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a surplus advantage of no chemical processing is presented. The Funchange TENG device presents an excellent output performance with an open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and instantaneous power of 519 V, 82 µA, and 12.25 mW, correspondingly. Further, the fabricated nanogenerator exhibits excellent stability for about 72 000 cycles. This approach of applying trash materials for ultrarobust, high‐performance TENG will pave the path toward sustainable, facile, clean, and environmentally friendly energy scavenging.


Yields of H{sub 2}, N{sub 2}O, O{sub 2}, and N{sub 2}, in simulated waste solutions, containing high nitrate, nitrite, hydroxide and aluminate, were experimentally measured in the presence and absence of moderate concentrations of organic chelators and some of their degradation products. These yields were measured at 30 and 60{degrees}C. No effect of dose rate on yield of H{sub 2} was observed and the amount of H{sub 2} increases linearly with dose and with the concentration of the organic additive. The generation of N{sub 2}O was observed only when organic solutes were present and its yield was dose rate dependent. Rate constants for H atom abstraction from the organic component by free H atoms were determined and these were correlated with the efficiency of the organic solute and in the generation of H{sub 2}. The rate of thermal generation of H{sub 2} and N{sub 2}O was also measured and was found to substantially increase in solutions that were preirradiated, presumably due to the generation of radiolytic degradation products. Computer modeling of the radiolytic precesses show the yield of H{sub 2} is strongly dependent on the nitrite concentration; the yield decreases with increasing nitrite concentration. The yield will be only weaklymore » dependent on nitrate concentration above 0.5 M. Simulation of the homogeneous reactions that describe the chemistry of the NO{sub x} system indicate that: no N{sub 2}O will be formed in the absence of NO{sub x}-organic reactions. 18 refs., 41 figs., 13 tabs.« less


A field-programmable analog array (FPAA) using a standard-CMOS wide-dynamic-range translinear element (TE) is introduced. The FPAA configurable analog blocks (CABs) are based on a reconfigurable translinear cell (RTC), capable of implementing the basic circuit elements required by translinear and log-domain circuit design. The interfacing is provided by an I/O programmable cell, which allows for easier connectivity between the signal-processing core and the external circuitry. As a proof-of-concept, a 5 × 5 RTC FPAA testchip was implemented in 0.35- μm CMOS technology. A set of various circuit primitives, such as one- and four-quadrant multipliers, an Euclidean distance operator and a fourth-order log-domain filter, were mapped on the chip in order to demonstrate the versatility of the approach. FPAA bandwidth reaches 20 MHz with a power consumption of 30 μW/TE and precision errors below 3%.


According to the risk-free rate puzzle the return on safe assests is much lower than predicted by standard representative agent models of consumption based asset pricing. Based on non-additive probability measures arising in Choquet decision theory we develop a closed-form model of Bayesian learning in which the Choquet estimator of the mean consumption growth rate does not converge to its "true" value. It rather expresses a bias that reflects the agents ambiguity about his estimator. We calibrate the standard equilibrium conditions of the consumption based asset pricing model th demonstrate that our approach contributes to a resolution of the risk-free rate puzzle when the agent´s learning process exhibits a moderate degree of ambiguity that is resolved in a pessimistic way.


Purpose: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is the fourth most common malignancy in men, and has metastatic potential, with the most common sites of metastasis being lymph nodes, bone, lungs, liver, and peritoneum. Th is is a rare case of metastatic urothelial carcinoma presenting with rectal obstruction. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: We discuss here the case of a 59-year-old gentleman with a history of urothelial carcinoma of the kidney and bladder that was diagnosed 24 years ago and treated with BCG. Subsequently, he had involvement of both the ureters, and underwent resection as well as chemotherapy. Th e patient was referred to our institution for evaluation of new onset diarrhea. He had battled constipation for a few months, which responded to an aggressive bowel regimen. He had, however, noted that even aft er he stopped his bowel regimen, the diarrhea persisted and then started worsening. He reported having more than 10-20 liquid bowel movements daily, with some associated mild, crampy, lower abdominal pain. He also noted increased urgency, and decreased control over his bowel movements. Moreover, in the weeks preceding his appointment, the patient started wearing diapers, as he had developed almost continuous leakage of thin, yellowish, watery, stool. He was started on cholestyramine for symptomatic relief, and had an outpatient CT scan done showing gas and solid stool debris in ascending, transverse, and descending colon. Th e rectum and sigmoid colon were noted to have diff use circumferential thickening, with extension into the anus. Subsequent colonoscopy demonstrated an area of annular constriction in the rectosigmoid, with biopsies consistent with metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Conclusion: It is unusual for metastatic urothelial cancer to present with rectal obstruction, and, to date, there are eight other case reports of patients with metastatic bladder cancer presenting with annular rectal constriction. Similar to our patient, the majority of these patients presented with symptoms of rectal obstruction, with symptoms varying from change in bowel habits with narrow caliber stools and rectal pain to constant, watery rectal discharge. Treatment options also varied, but the majority of patients eventually needed a colostomy. It is imperative that the clinician always approach gastrointestinal complaints with a broad perspective, and keep metastatic cancer on the diff erential.


Previous research has shown that in a business-to-business market an international vendor may adopt a global account management program whereby a global account manager coordinates the activities serving an international customer. This conceptual study sheds more light on international account management, thereby using the term international account manager which can refer to a global account manager or a regional account manager. An important managerial problem is the question across how many countries an international vendor should coordinate its sales activities. In the literature several scholars have taken a contingency perspective and have argued that, in order to maximise the performance of the international vendor, the number of countries across which the international vendor's sales ctivities are coordinated should be adapted to the number of countries across which the international customer coordinates its purchasing activities. These scholars adopted a 'symmetric fit' perspective whereby the term fit is interpreted as an equality. In other words, they stated that the number of countries across which the sales activities are coordinated should be equal to the number of countries across which the international customer coordinates its purchasing activities. In contrast, this conceptual study will take an 'asymmetric fit' perspective whereby the term fit is interpreted as an inequality. A framework will be proposed that shows how an international vendor can increase its performance by coordinating its sales activities to a greater degree than the degree of cross-border coordination of the international customer's purchasing activities. Remarkably, this conceptual study suggests a new type of internationalisation driver.


The new organisations put more premiums on understanding, adapting and managing changes and competing on the basis of capturing and utilising knowledge to serve better to their customers, improve the operations or to speed up their products to markets. The emergence of these new organisations calls for a new way of management, which is generally known as "Knowledge Management". The critical linkage between business and knowledge strategy is not given much attention and is ignored in practice. Strategy is not a then and there process so that organization can execute when ever it requires. If the business strategy is not aligned at the abstract level it is difficult to execute it. This paper focus the objectives To know, how high level business strategy can be translated into pragmatic goals for Knowledge Management and To examine how knowledge maps can translate strategic vision into supporting knowledge strategy. Based on this output strengthens knowledge gap as strategic gap in those particular areas in which the company should compete. Also observe and focus on codification and personalization, which are equal Knowledge Management strategies. Balance also should be maintained between these two strategies while focusing each. Both exploitation and exploration should be supported because one without another leads to failure. These are all in their ability to take as high level as vision of the organization. By preparing a series of well defined iterative steps, interpret it into low level strategic steps and Knowledge Management system functionalities. After identifying the key characteristics that are needed in a Knowledge Management system, it should be aligned successfully with business strategy.


Nonprofit organizations worldwide are confronted with an increasing demand for accountability and improved financial transparency. Financial reporting by nonprofit organizations is no longer an exception; it has become a rule.The usefulness of a financial report to an organization's stakeholders depends on its quality. The latter is safeguarded by reporting standards as well as the commitment of the organization to fully implement these standards. Although resource dependence and coercive isomorphism have been used in earlier nonprofit organization research, no empirical research has linked these theories to compliance with financial reporting standards. Using a unique setting in which a large number of (very) large Belgian nonprofit organizations are confronted with far-reaching changes in financial reporting regulations, the effect of resource dependence and coercive isomorphism on accounting and financial reporting compliance is documented.


An alluvial fan Is a body of detrital sediments built up at a mountain base by a mountain stream. Bold relief is essential, moderately arid to semi-arid climate favorable for the development of fans. The depositing agents are (1) sheetfloods, (2) streamfloods, and (3) streams. Compound alluvial fans result from lateral coalescence of single fans. Development of alluvial fans is affected by (1) changes in the course of a cycle, (2) varying base-level, (3) climatic changes, (4) tectonic movements and (5) slumping of fan de posits. Telescoped or superimposed structure may be developed. Fan deposits are arkosic or graywaeke in composition. Sorting and roundness of particles range widely. The matrix is primary or secondary. In general alluvial fan deposits are stratified. Channel cut-and-fill is pronounced. Individual strata in fans are up to twenty feet thick. Particles in stream deposits are imbricated. Many ancient fan deposits may have escaped recognition because of the common misconception that fan deposits are necessarily (1) unstratified, (2) composed of angular frag ments, (3) poorly sorted, and (4) without distinctive sedi mentary structures. The rate of change in surface slope of alluvial fans


Objective:To explore the relationship among serum sVCAM-1,vWF levels and severity of coronary atherosclerosis.Methods:The concentrations of serumsVCAM-1 and vWF were assayed by means of enzyme linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA);the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was evaluated by coronary angiography and its Gensini's score in 51 patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),25 patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP) and 30 normal controls.Results:The concentrations of serum sVCAM-1 and vWF were significantly higher in ACS and SAP patients than those in normal controls(P0.001);the concentrations of serum sVCAM-1 in AMI patients were the highest and the concentrations of serum vWF were no significant difference between AMI and UAP patients.There was a significant positive correlation among the sVCAM,vWF and Gensini's score(r=0.642,P0.001;r=0.501,P0.01 respectively).Conclusion:The levels of serum sVCAM-1 and vWF may reflact the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.


Sperm navigate in a chemoattractant gradient by translating changes in intracellular calcium concentration over time into changes in curvature of the swimming path.


The structure and electronic structure of different high-symmetry surfaces of either quasicrystalline or approximant Al–Pd–Mn were studied by means of photoemission-based techniques such as X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. We find that the twofold (2f), 3f and 5f surfaces of icosahedral Al–Pd–Mn exhibit all the symmetry elements of the icosahedral non-crystallographic group. These XPD experiments can be modeled by single-scattering cluster calculations. The bulk-terminated icosahedral or approximant surfaces are recovered after ion sputtering followed by annealing at T 500–600 C. A wealth of ordered surface phases (with different compositions) are found after sputtering and depending on the annealing temperature as, for example, a crystalline bcc multitwinned phase (for T < 400 C) or a stable decagonal quasicrystalline surface (for T > 650 C). The icosahedral surfaces are characterised by a lowering of the density of states close to the Fermi edge, compatible with the opening of a pseudogap, as expected for a quasicrystal. The crystalline overlayers are characterised by a sharp Fermi edge, while the approximant and decagonal quasicrystalline surfaces also have a lowered density of states.


Objective: To investigate the effect of mifepristone and rivanol midtrimester induction of labor in scar uterus. Methods: 60 patients who were hospitalized from January 2012 to June 2014 were randomly divided into two groups,the observation group was given mifepristone and rivanol in induced labor. The control group was given misoprostol and mifepristone during induced labor. Successful induction,the contractions launch time,the total production process and the amount of bleeding were observed. Results: The induction success rate was higher,but there was no statistical significance after( P 0. 05). Observation group contractions launch time,total labor,24 h vaginal bleeding volume were all less than the control group,the two groups was statistically significant( P 0. 05).Conclusion: Combined application of mifepristone and rivanol uterine scar visible in midtrimester induction of labor with good clinical effect.


The experience of the U.S. in the late nineteenth century indicates that eliminating speculation about a government's commitment to a currency peg can have significant effects on bank balance sheets and the real economy. In particular, the resolution of uncertainty about the commitment of the U.S. government to the gold standard was associated with a large and permanent increase in the leverage of National Banks, as well as with a sharp reduction in its volatility. The defeat of the anti-gold candidate in the 1896 presidential election provided a cleanly identified positive shock to commitment to gold, in which gains were most pronounced among banks located in states where agents were more likely to have access to gold denominated assets. We use the election to identify the importance of commitment throughout the period in a structural factor analysis. We find that, in the last decade of the nineteenth century, full commitment to the currency peg could have reduced the volatility of real activity significantly and substantially reduced the depression starting in 1893. JEL classification: E42, E44, F33, G01


Objective To investigate the importance of early rehabilitation training on the Functional recovery of patients with a-cute stroke. Methods 32 patients with cerebral bemonhage and 49 patients with cerebral infarction were received 4 - stage systemic re-habiliation training Barthel index and simple Fugl - Meayl method were employed to evaluate the neurological function of all patients on admission,discharge and after six month follow- up functional. Results Improvement was detected on all patients in systemic training group and control group as well, but much better functional recovery was found in systemic training group. Conclusion The results showed that systemic early rehabilitation training play a very important role on the functional recovery of patients with acute stroke and should be recommended.


A method for obtaining liquid /sup 3/He free from tritium (T//sup 3/He < 10/sup -15/) is discussed. A device with a high pressure diffusion chamber intended for use with a synchrocyclotron is described. The separate elements of the device are also described. (tr-auth)


Abstract : Alternate Military Strategy for the War on Terrorism calls for addressing the war as a global insurgency. Addressing the war on terrorism as a Global Insurgency provides an alternative strategic framework for prosecuting the campaign. This study is intended to determine the utility of analyzing the war on terrorism using an insurgency/counterinsurgency conceptual framework. Additionally, the recommendations can be applied to the strategic campaign, even if it is politically unfeasible to address the war as an insurgency. The first half of the study is intended to provide a thorough understanding of Dr. McCormick's COIN model. This is done by, first, providing an overview of the model and, second, applying the model to a historical case. The second half of the study addresses the war on terrorism. The COIN model is applied to the war on terrorism based on the al Qaeda Network and the United States vision and mission for the conflict. Conclusions from the analysis are broken down into ten recommendations for the U.S. strategic framework for approaching the war. The final chapter addresses the utility provided by the insurgency/counterinsurgency framework as applied to the war on terrorism.


The REFrame workshop "REFraming Elicitation" aims at bringing together a broad spectrum of experts interested in requirements elicitation, concerning practical experiences and scientific findings alike. It provides a space for reflecting on and discussing current research, challenges, and experiences. The ultimate goal of the community organizing the workshop, and to which the workshop shall contribute, is to collaboratively build and publish a compendium of elicitation frameworks (methods, techniques, best practices etc.) that shall help address and solve elicitation challenges. The workshop includes peer-reviewed paper submissions, invited talks, and interactive discussion sessions.


The present work tries to make an exploratory analysis that allows to build analytical subsets within the general set of countries with oil dependence, useful for comparative sociopolitical studies. The methodological strategy was the typological analysis, which seeks to satisfy the need to classify by summarizing in a reduced and significant set of categories or types of units of analysis that come to be the object of study. The adjustment of the criteria established by the literature (Nankani, 1979; Ross, 2004; Haglund, 2011; Perry, Olivera, Ogunkola y Fowowe, 2012) was applied to general set of countries taking as key variables income as a percentage of GDP and fuel exports as a percentage of total exports. Thus, were established four subsets of countries by level of oil dependence that were tested with exploratory data analysis using diverse sociopolitical variables


Advances in the use of bowel‐sparing surgery for Crohn's disease have led to the development of strictureplasty as an important technique to conserve small bowel length and reduce morbidity associated with malabsorption.


This study examined swim bladder morphogenesis in three cohorts of striped trumpeter (Latris lineata), a euphysoclist species with physostomous larvae. The swim bladder was first discernible 1-2 days after hatching as an evagination on the dorsal surface of the incipient digestive tract. It comprised a cluster of mesenchymal cells surrounding an inner primordium of epithelial cells. At mouth opening in larvae of 5.3 mm standard length (SL), the swim bladder was noticeably enlarged. Histologically, the swim bladder lumen was dilated and liquid filled. The pneumatic duct was first seen during the dilation stage and the rete mirabile began forming among the connective tissue surrounding the swim bladder. Initial swim bladder inflation occurred on day 11 post-hatching in Cohort 1, at 14°C, and day 9 post-hatching, in Cohorts 2 and 3, at 16°C. Histologically, the lumens of inflated swim bladders were ellipsoid and the epithelium was squamous, except for cuboidal gas gland cells at the anterio-ventral and anteriolateral regions of the swim bladder. During the initial inflation interval the pneumatic duct was dilated in larvae both with and without swim bladder inflation. The pneumatic duct began to regress in some larvae over 7.5 mm SL. The swim bladder of striped trumpeter was similar to larvae of other altricial perciform marine fish in respect to organ derivation, tissue differentiation, luminal dilation and initial gaseous inflation. However, variations, particularly the delay in initial swim bladder inflation until after the start of feeding, were observed that could be fundamental to problems encountered during larval rearing. © 2004 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin.


Political process theory, developed through the analysis of national social movements, is now routinely applied to movements seeking transnational support. An examination of networking by Nigeria's Ogoni ethnic minority during the 1990s suggests the need for caution in this analytic expansion. Two factors neglected by process theory, leadership and political exchange, are crucial to explaining interactions between local and transnational actors. In the Ogoni case, globally-oriented leaders framed international opportunities for local constituents, shaping the movement's goals and strategies. To realize these opportunities, Ogoni leaders projected the movement to potential backers abroad. At first rejected, the Ogoni reframed the movement to match the substantive, tactical, and organizational concerns of these powerful actors, reducing the costs and increasing the benefits of support. The ultimate effects of third party support were ambiguous, however, though in ways different than predicted by process theory. Shifting from their core issues and undertaking risky mobilizations to attract transnational support, the Ogoni also drew violent state repression which international actors were powerless to stop. These findings suggest that key political process concepts require modification when applied to transnational movements.


An imaging element captures images of a subject by partial light beams which pass through a single optical system all together and then pass through mutually different regions, and is configured from a pixel array comprising an arrangement of a plurality of each of at least three types of pixels, including pixels without parallax, which are provided with an aperture mask that produces a point of view in the reference direction, first parallax pixels, which are provided with an aperture mask that produces a point of view in a first direction different from the reference direction, and second parallax pixels, which are provided with an aperture mask that produces a point of view in a second direction different from the reference direction, wherein, in the aperture masks of the first parallax pixels and the aperture masks of the second parallax pixels, the width of the greater-than-half-open aperture area is in the direction of change of the point of view.


A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research Through the Department of Kinesiology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Human Kinetics at the University of Windsor.


Film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) is a device that consists of a thin-film piezoelectric, which is sandwiched between the top and bottom electrodes. FBAR has been widely used in radio frequency (RF) front-end circuits such as RF filters due to its advantages of high quality (Q) factor. The performance of FBAR is highly related to the piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material such as aluminum nitride (AlN) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are commonly used in FBAR. Other than piezoelectric material, another important element in designing an FBAR is the electrode materials. Different electrode materials affect the performance of FBAR in terms of Q factor and electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2eff) due to their material properties. Therefore, in this work, FBARs operating at frequencies of 5 GHz to 10 GHz by using AlN as the piezoelectric material with different electrode materials, which are molybdenum (Mo) and aluminum (Al) were designed. The performance of the designed FBARs were compared in terms of Q factor and k2eff. Based on the results, the Q factor of FBAR with Mo as electrodes achieved the highest value of 16300 at 5 GHz, while the Q factor of FBAR with Al as electrodes achieved the highest value of 13726 at 5 GHz. The k2eff of FBAR with Al as electrodes achieved the highest value of 6.71% at 7 GHz, while FBAR with Mo as electrodes achieved the highest coupling coefficient of 5.78% at 6 GHz.


. Ensuring information security is an international problem and poses particular challenges for international companies. Research proposes various solutions for ensuring information security based on several theories such as the deterrence theory or the protection motivation theory. What is currently missing is a comparison of these theories in an intercultural context to test their comparability and different effectiveness. In our study, we empirically tested the theories and determined their comparability with invariance testing and predictive power between Germany, India and the USA using a SEM approach. Our results show differences in the effectiveness of the theoretical models across the three cultures. The results provide initial insights into the use of the theories in an international context and offer a practical approach to design culture-specific security measures


In constrained Hamiltonian formalism a generator of infinitesimal gauge transformations is constructed as a linear combination of constraints. Usually one regards multipliers of the con straints as functions of coordinates. By evolving the multipliers to field dependent ones, a larger set of generators of gauge transformations is obtained within momentum dependent gauge transforma tions. This extension introduces a new class of generators of gauge transformations, whose multi pliers are linear or higher order in constraint functions. Generators higher order in constraint functions are necessary for the gauge transformations to form a group. For concreteness the Yang-Mills model coupled to a fermion is analyzed. This model possesses second class constraints and thus it is also interesting in itself to investigate the generators of gauge transformations. Gauge theories play important roles in particle physics. To exhaust all of the gauge symmetries of a model is not an easy task in general. In previous papersl),2) we proposed a formulation to obtain a general generator of gauge transformations (GT's) within momentum dependent gauge transformations (MDGT's)_ In the constrained Hamiltonian formalism gauge symmetries are related to first class constraints (FCC's). The general procedure for the construction of a generator of GT's has been presented in Refs. 3)~7); if there are no second class constraints (SCC's), the genera tor r[Ek a ] of infinitesimal GT's is cQnstructed as a linear combination of FCC's


In order to investigate the possibility of Kamisamultang(KMSMT) as therapeutic for the treatment of atopic dermatitis(AD), cytotoxicity, anti-oxidant activity, modulatory and suppression activities of KMSMT were tested. 90% or higher cell viability was observed in all tested groups from 25 to 200 ㎍/㎖using Raw 264.7 cells. KMSMT showed dose-dependent DPPH scavenging activity, with more than 80% scavenging activities at 400 and 800 ㎍/㎖concentrations. KMSMT showed dose-dependent suppression activity of reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, especially at 200 ㎍/㎖of 42.6%. KMSMT decreased nitric oxide(NO) production activity dose dependently, expecially at 200 ㎍/㎖of 30.9%. IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α production rate were decreased by 45.7%, 15.5%, 8.9%, 16.5% respectively when Raw 264.7 cells were treated with LPS and with KMSMT of 200 ㎍/㎖. However, only IL-1β and MCP-1 showed significant changes. The results above strongly suggest the modulatory and suppressive effect of KMSMT. The results above indicate that KMSMT significantly reduces the effect of oxidative and inflammatory cytokines. The use of KMSMT in atopic dermatitis can be widely suggested.


Studies of the hydrate cores have shown that natural fractures can be frequently observed in hydrate reservoirs, resulting in a fracture-filled hydrate. Therefore, it is highly necessary for industries to predict the gas well productivity of fracture-filled hydrate reservoirs. In this work, an embedded discrete fracture model is applied to characterize the natural fractures of fracture-filled gas-hydrate reservoirs. The non-linear mass and energy conservation equations which are discretized with the finite-difference method are solved by the fully implicit approach, and the proposed model is justified by a commercial simulator. On the basis of the proposed model, we investigate the influences of natural fractures, fracture conductivity, and hydrate dissociation rate on the gas well productivity and the distributions of pressure, temperature, and hydrate saturation. The simulation results show that hydraulic and natural fractures exert significant impacts on the gas well productivity of the fracture-filled hydrate reservoirs, and the cumulative gas production is increased by 45.6% due to the existence of the connected natural fractures. The connected natural fractures can impose a more important influence on the gas well productivity than the unconnected natural fractures. The cumulative gas production is increased by 6.48% as N nf is increased from 2 to 50, whereas the increase is 43.38% as N f_con is increased from 0 to 4. In addition, A higher hydraulic fracture conductivity can be more favorable than a higher natural fracture conductivity for improving the gas well productivity, and a higher hydrate dissociation rate can lead to a lower temperature along fractures due to a more noticeable reduction of solid hydrate. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing fracture-filled hydrate reservoirs efficiently in the future.


This paper presents a low-power always-on image sensor for mobile and wearable device applications. The sensor continuously captures images for smart sensing, such as face detection, eye tracking, and gesture recognition, and it provides high-resolution images for capturing pictures with a unified sensor. The sensor employs a switchable dual mode: always-on (AO) mode with low power consumption and photo-shooting (PS) mode with high signal-to-noise ratio. For dual-mode operation with high energy efficiency, we implemented dynamic voltage scaling that provides 0.9 V analog-digital supply voltage for the AO mode and 3.3 V analog-1.8 V digital supply voltage for the PS mode. For low-voltage operation in the AO mode, a conventional four-transistor pixel operates as a charge-shared pixel. In order to suppress power consumption and frequency in conventional single-slope analog-to-digital converters (ADC), two neighboring column-parallel ADCs are reconfigured to one successive-approximation ADC for low-voltage and low-frequency operation in the AO mode with negligible area overhead. The fabricated 640 × 480 pixel prototype sensor operates at 45.5 μW (at 15 fps, 320 × 240) in the AO mode, which significantly extends battery life when performing always-on sensing.


Three morphologically and biochemically different populations of enterocytes, i.e. villus, mid villus and crypt cells, were isolated from the rat small intestine. In these populations, the cytotoxic effects of 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ), 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione; MEN) and 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4naphthoquinone (DIM) were determined. These naphthoquinone derivatives differ in their ability to arylate thiol groups and to redox cycle. The redoxcycling and arylating quinones NQ and MEN were more toxic than the redoxcycler DIM. Crypt cells were more vulnerable to MEN than villus and mid villus cells. An increasing gradient of DT-diaphorase activity was found along the villus-crypt axis (villus cells: 211 ± 102, mid-villus cells 217 ± 88 and crypt cells 284 ± 121 nmol NADPH oxidised /min/mg protein). The redoxcycler DIM was more toxic to villus and mid-villus cells than crypt cells which is in agreement with the activities of DT-diaphorase and cytochrome P450 reductase. NQ induced the highest levels of intracellular oxidised and protein associated glutathione, which may reflect the rapid inactivation of glutathione reductase. A constant release of reduced glutathione was observed with control cells, which was inhibited by the three quinones used in this study. The relevance of this inhibition is unknown and needs further investigation.


An efficient synthetic route for the synthesis of carcerands derived from tetramethylchlorocavitands and its tetraesters derivative were synthesized. A large-scale preparation was achieved in good yield. These carcerands are in bridging unit between oxygen atoms, i.e. contains a 3,5 dihydroxybencyl alcohol units. 1 H, and 13 C NMR in solution, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, MS-FAB + spectrometry and elemental analysis confirmed the structure of this carcerands.


In the present work, we report an experimental study of the low field magnetoresistance in two groups of AlGaN∕GaN samples with a two-dimensional electron gas. The characteristic transport parameters of the samples in these two groups are similar except for the value of the quantum scattering time, which is about three times larger in one group than in the other. In the magnetoresistance measured in the group of samples with a larger value of quantum scattering time, we find a well-pronounced weak antilocalization peak, whereas in the group with a smaller quantum scattering time only a weak localization is observed.


Using data of 1026 firms listed on Chinese stock markets before the end of year 2000,this paper analyzes and compares the investment value,profitability,capital structure and corporate governance structure of state owned versus non-state owned firms between years 2001 and 2003.The paper finds that:(1) Non-state owned firms have,on average,lower monthly returns and book-to-market value than state owned firms.(2) Non-state owned firms have,on average,lower profitability,growth prospects,capital mobility,long-term solvency and shareholder concentration than state owned firms.However,both types of firms use more or less the same incentive scheme for managers.(3) Factors such as profitability,growth prospects and capital mobility can explain the differences in investment value of state owned versus non-state owned firms.(4) In contrast to the findings by Yang Xingjun(2003),Su Qilin(2004) and Zhang Junxi and Zhang Hua(2004),ownership structure,managerial incentives and size cannot explain the differences in investment value for the two types of firms.


The corrosion inhibition of benzotriazole in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution is evaluated on the mild steel specimens with two amounts of surface roughness. Benzotriazole adsorption on mild steel surface followed Langmuir isotherm. The corrosion inhibitor has generally physisorption on both surfaces. The results obtained by the different experimental methods showed good agreement with each other. Results of FTIR test showed a peak related to C-H bond for both surfaces as a proof of the presence of benzotriazole on the steel's surface which its intensity was higher for rough surface because of more adsorption of corrosion inhibitor on the surface.


The problem of research consists in search of ways, methods and technologies of organization of psychologypedagogical support for process of family self-determination of student's youth in the conditions of university educational environment. The purpose of the study: to identify psychologypedagogical conditions for family support of self-determination of student's youth and to develop the program of development of family self-determination of young men and girls in the educational environment of the university. The program of a subject matter "Psychology of Family SelfDetermination" is characterized and is presented by the following system characteristics: purpose, tasks, methodological approaches, principles, components, areas of work, technologies, criteria of efficiency, summary of thematic occupations. Some experimental study was organized and conducted for an assessment of efficiency of this proposed program. There were Used the method of semantic differential, developed by Charles Egerton Osgood, the questionnaire "A Value and Availability Ratio in Various Vital Spheres Technique" by E.B. Fantalova, a projective technique "Incomplete Sentences", "A Purposein-Life Test" by D.A. Leontiev, mathematical-statistical methods of data processing, including calculation of descriptive statistics, Shapiro–Wilk test calculation, Student's t-test for dependent samples, non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Positive dynamics in such indicators as values of marriage and family relations making an image as I -a family man, motives of marriage, idea of temporary prospect testifies that psychology pedagogical support within studying of the presented course contributes to the development of family self-determination of student's youth. © 2019 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


The γ-amonobutyrate (GABA) system, a major inhibitory regulator in the central nervous system, may also play important roles in peripheral nonneuronal tissues and cells. Our previous study showed the presence of GABA system composed of GABA synthesize enzyme glutamate decarboxylase and GABA in the bronchial epithelium of GAD67-GFP knock-in mice. The cells were pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. Furthermore, cells expressing GABAB receptors were found in the alveolar epithelium. Present study was undertaken to identify the type of the alveolar cells by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. The cells were identified as type II cells. Type II cells thought to be function as secretory cells of the lung surfactant. The other important function of type II cells is repair of the alveolar epithelium by proliferate and differentiate into type I cells. Since GABA system thought to be involved in cell proliferation and migration in the neural cells, the result of this study may suggest that GABA system has certain physiologic functions on maintenance of pulmonary epithelium.


"Affinity Surfactants as Reversibly Bound Ligands for High-Performance Affinity Chromatography", J. L. Torres, R. Guzman, R. G. Carbonell, and P. K. Kilpat rick, Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 171, pp. 411-418 (1988). "Expression of Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Bacteria: Use of Optimized Gene Fusion Vectors to Facilitate Protein Purification', Biochemistry, 1987, vol. 26, pp. 5239-5244, Moks, T. et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of an Amphiphilic Peptide that Undergoes a pH Triggered Random Coil-a-Helical Transition', Biophysical Journal, vol. 49, 1986, p. 134a, Subbarao, N., et al. w "Phospholipid Polymers-Synthesis and Spectral Char .435/68 4,931,498


The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of the catalyst system, the oxidation reactor containing the same, and acrolein and acrylic acid using the same. By using the catalyst system according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent heat accumulation in the catalyst layer in the production of acrolein and acrylic acid effectively, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the catalyst, may be used as the catalyst is stable over a long period of time. Further, high selectivity, and high can be produced acrolein and acrylic acid in a high yield. Catalyst, acrolein, acrylic acid


Within Europe differentiated rates structures date back to the introduction of VAT itself. Although evidence as regards potential negative consequences of applying multiple rates was unavailable at that time, difficulties have been apparent for some decades. In light of this reality, since the late 1980s, there have been several attempts to amend European rates structures under the political guidance of the European Commission. There has however been surprising resistance by Member States to any proposed amendments which might lead to a reduced rate differentiation. Thus giving weight to the intuition that once reduced rates of VAT are introduced it is almost politically impossible to remove then. Indeed the most recent agreed upon amendments to the rates structure have increased the level of differentiation, rather than decreased it, with more goods and services being subject to reduced rates in Europe today than even as recently as ten years ago. Yet this reality seems to be changing in the last few years as a result of the economic and financial crisis which has fallen upon Europe. Since 2009 twenty-five of the thirty-three OECD countries have increased their VAT rates, resulting in a broad convergence of VAT standard rates across the EU around the 20% mark. Furthermore, there has also been a decrease in levels of differentiation with a reduction in number of VAT rates applicable in many Member States, as well as various base broadening measures. The latest developments raise the possibility that Europe might be finally entering a process of convergence of VAT rate structures, not by EU initiative but by domestic necessity; an unforeseeable, unplanned unilateral convergence, to contrast to the long-sought, but so far unattainable, EU harmonisation.


We consider the Sakaguchi functions which are starlike with respect to symmetrical points in the open unit disk U and extend it to class SH(;t ) concerning with Sakaguchi-type complex-valued harmonic univalent functions in U. A sucient


ABsrRAm Cell-Tissue Electrofusion (CTE) has the potential for human oriented applications. CTE has been performed in vivo with human and nonhuman cells incorporated into intact rabbit corneal tissue. Several electrical parameters have been standardized for successful fusion. This study was initiated to determine the distribution of the inherent electric field within the tissue of interest as well as neighboring tissues, often of a different type. This work was performed in vitro using bovine oculi as a convenient biological system. Current in the optic nerve was also monitored as an indicator of stimulation.


This article examines the merits of using finite element analysis versus limit-equilibrium methods for slope design and analysis Geomechanics software used worldwide by geotechnical engineers Article prepared for RocNews Summer 2004 software tools for rock and soil


From ninety-five to ninety-nine per cent of the uranium was extracted from brannerite concentrates by digesting the sample with concentrated sulfuric acid and then leaching with water, using one ton of acid per ton of concentrate. Precipitates containing from sixteen to forty-eight per cent U{sub 3)O{sub 8} were obtained from pregnant solutions. Further research on the precipitation of uranium and the recovery of wolfram is needed to determine the proper treatment. (auth)


Substituting sodium with potassium in emulsifying salts of pasteurized block-type dairy cheese analogues was investigated. Rennet casein and butter were used as protein and fat sources for the manufacture of a product with 51% dry matter and 50% fat in dry matter. Different emulsifying salt blends contained sodium or potassium citrate and sodium polyphosphate. The cheese analogues were tested for their melting properties by oscillation rheometry and by empirical tests for meltability and fat release after 2 days, 4 and 12 weeks of cold storage. A recipe containing about 60% less sodium and a typical standard recipe without potassium showed very similar results during 4 weeks of cold storage.


Stainless Steel 316 is a steel metal with its main alloys namely Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni). These two alloys make stainless steel resistant to corrosion (rust). Because Stainless Steel 316 is corrosion resistant, this metal is widely used in the aviation industry, the chemical industry and the food industry. Welding is the process of joining two metals by melting the filler metal and the protective metal to the object being welded. The purpose of this final project is the author who will perform welding on 316 Stainless Steel material. The background for selecting 316 Stainless Steel material is to get the latest data about the level of hardness and tensile strength of the welding results. Welding uses SMAW welding with Nikko Steel NSN 316 L electrodes with a diameter of 3.2 mm, variations in the current used are 75A, 95A, and 115A. Single taper welding seam used, the welding method is Vertical Up and Vertical Down. The plate thickness used is 8mm. Tests carried out on the results of welding are hardness testing and tensile testing. The results of the hardness test show that the Base Metal area is the hardest point to determine the HAZ and Weld Metal points. The highest test results were found in the current 115A Vertical Up specimen III of 3323 Kgf.


An enhanced combustion concept, pre-chamber jet ignition can provide high ignition energy and a wide dispersion of ignition sources, thus improving combustion performance and realizing stable lean combustion. However, the ignition performance of the pre-chamber jets depends strongly on the pre-chamber combustion process and is sensitive to many factors. Therefore, this paper will explore the impact of spark timing on the pre-chamber combustion, turbulent jet characteristics, and main chamber combustion performance by CFD simulation based on an active pre-chamber natural gas engine. The in-cylinder flow and combustion processes of the engine are calculated with the fuel-air equivalence ratio of the main chamber maintained at 0.5, and the spark timing varied from 684°CA to 708°CA with a step of 3°CA (compression top dead center is 720°CA). The results show that, in the present engine operating point, the pre-chamber combustion heat release rate is improved when the spark timing is retarded from 696°CA to 705°CA, and the injection velocity of the pre-chamber jet accordingly increases. As the spark timing continues to be delayed until 708°CA, the pre-chamber combustion deteriorates, and the injection velocity of the pre-chamber jet decreases. Under the combustion phase CA50 no more than 725°CA and the combustion duration CA5-90 fixed around 30°CA, the IMEP will maintain a relatively stable value when the spark timing is delayed from 693°CA to 705°CA, in the meantime, the NOx emission decreases with the delay of spark timing. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring engine power performance, it is a feasible scheme to delay spark timing to reduce NOx emission for the natural gas engine with an active pre-chamber.


Patients with postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock refractory to conventional support can be successfully supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Management considerations are discussed to aid clinicians caring for these patients.


The therapeutic response and survival rates of 352 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who had received radioactive iodine therapy since 1951 were studied. Of these patients, 72% had metastases to the cervical lymph nodes, lungs, bone, or other viscera. Of all patients, 70% showed complete remission, and 30% showed partial response or recurrence of disease or both.


We give an extension of Margulis' Super-Rigidity for higher rank lattices. In our approach the target group could be defined over any complete valued field. Our proof is based on the notion of Algebraic Representation of Ergodic Actions.


Epidemiologists have long known that the lowest rates of prostate cancer worldwide are often found in the rural areas of Asia. However, as Japanese men, for example, move to more urban centres in Japan or to more Western regions such as Hawaii or California, prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates increase. Autopsy studies from Korea have shown similar rates of incidental prostate cancer when compared to the West, but Korea has lower rates of prostate cancer mortality. Prostate cancer mortality rates also vary by geography and race. Swedish men have the highest rate in Europe, while men of African descent in the Caribbean and the USA have some of the highest rates in North America. These findings strongly suggest that both environmental and genetic factors play a significant role in prostate cancer outcomes [1].


Objective To study the relationship between Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection and development of stomal ulcer following subtotal gastrectomy, and to provide evidences for eradicating H.pylori after subtotal gastrectomy to prevent the stomal ulcer occurrence. Methods Gastroscopy, rapid urease test (RUT), H.pylori Western bolting (immunoblotting) (HpWb) were performed in 123 patients with subtotal gastrectomy. These patients included 36 drivers (driver group) and 87 others (control group). Stomal ulcer occurrence and H.pylori infection, H.pylori antibody were observed, immunoreaction, immuno-types including H.pylori biotypes ( CagA, VacA, etc.) were analysed, and the pathogenicity of H.pylori infection was studied. Results Incidence of stomal ulcer and prevalence of H.pylori were significantly higher in driver group(47.2% and 41.7%) than in control group (25.3% and 21.8%). Conclusions Incidence of stomal ulcer and prevalence of H.pylori are significantly higher in driver group than in control group. It is suggested that H.pylori infection, tensional work, unordinary diet are the factors causing stomal ulcer after subtotal gastrectomy. Therefore, eradicating H.pylori after subtotal gastrectomy may reduce stomal ulcer occurrence.


Sustainable development is an extremely important area of activity for all businesses - the environmental component. This means that along with the main goal of any business - to make a profit while meeting the needs of the consumer - entrepreneurs must pay attention to the environmental consequences of their production activities. Of great importance for solving the problems of environmental safety, ensuring sustainable development is the preparation of production, which would guarantee the maximum effect from the introduction of innovative technologies and products, at least at a certain level of technological excellence. Such issues are already being developed and implemented in European and North American countries. In Ukraine, on the other hand, these aspects are still insufficiently studied and require both environmental and economic justification. The article is devoted to the study of the basic principles of the formation of sustainable development projects in enterprises, the establishment of cooperation between economic entities and financial institutions in order to ensure the effective achievement of the goals of the strategy of sustainable transformation of the state. The object of research in the article is the substantiation of methodological and applied recommendations for the creation of a special intermediary fund between enterprises and financial institutions for scientific, technological and environmental preparation of production (STEPP). Each enterprise that conducts work on the development of innovative projects, and therefore organizes the preparation of production, should form an appropriate fund for STEPP, which should be responsible for the quality of projects of product designs and production schemes that will ensure environmental safety of the enterprise. Such a fund, created directly at the production plant, would be an accumulator of funds received for the development of technologies, taking into account the requirements of sustainable development. Accordingly, such a fund should act on behalf of the company with the initiative to obtain the necessary credit resources and enter into relations with commercial banks or credit unions. Employees of the fund should cooperate with credit institutions in order to obtain the necessary loans. Research methods: dialectical method and methods of analysis and synthesis - to study the features of the implementation of innovative works at the stage of scientific, technological and environmental preparation of production in the formation of sustainable development projects; structural and logical analysis - development of theoretical and methodological principles of the fund to ensure cooperation in financing sustainable development projects. The article proposes the formation of the stage of scientific-technological-environmental preparation of production for enterprises that are working on the development of innovative projects. The environmental component should be added to the development of structures and technologies in the technical and economic aspect.


The Covid-19 pandemic and the changing circumstances that followed can disrupt grieving process and lead to maladaptive grief. Emerging adults who experience parental death are vulnerable since loss at this age tends to be unanticipated and potentially disrupt the development process. Nevertheless, a loss can produce positive changes called posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a result of the struggle facing adversity. This study examines the process of PTG by looking at personality traits and grief rumination and using a qualitative approach. Three emerging adults aged 25-26 years who experienced parental death during the pandemic were involved and selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected mainly by semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis. Results indicated that PTG is a complex process, unique to each individual, and involving substantial cognitive processing. The dynamics of personality traits and grief rumination also play a role. Positive and reinforcing personality traits, such as conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, and agreeableness, can help participants overcome grief and experience positive changes after loss. Meanwhile, neuroticism was found to hinder PTG. Furthermore, meaning in grief rumination plays the most prominent role to determine the process of PTG in the participants of this study. The ability to see a positive meaning from the loss helps to achieve PTG and conversely the tendency to think of the negative meaning can inhibit PTG. Thus, intervention given to emerging adults who have lost their parents should target grief rumination, especially aspect of meaning, and take into account differences in individual personality traits.


In higher education institutions, quality assurance focuses on the process of verifying whether products or services meet or exceed customer expectations. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the customers' evaluation as regards their satisfaction relative to the operational services of the BatStateU ARASOF-Nasugbu Campus' College of Arts and Sciences within the rating period covering July up to December 2019. Specifically, it tried to determine the respondents' evaluation of the operational services rendered by the College in terms of politeness/courtesy given by staff/service provider; reasonable time of service delivery; knowledge and competence of staff/ service provider; accomplishment of purpose of visit/transaction; no extra fees / charges other than what is required; professional treatment and assistance given; and physical setup and condition of the facilities. Likewise, corrective measures were proposed geared towards its operational services' continuous quality improvement. The study employed the descriptive research method and included a total of four hundred twenty-eight (428) respondents chosen through the convenient sampling method. Findings of the study revealed the Outstanding Service rendered as the overall result of the customer satisfaction survey of the College of Arts and Sciences. However, improvement or changes may still be considered specifically in these two dimensions: the accomplishment of purpose of visit/transaction and the physical setup and condition of the facilities. Keywords— College of Arts and Sciences, Continuous Quality Improvement, Customers' Satisfaction, International Organization for Standardization, Operational Services, Quality Assurance.


This paper analyzes on the features and region distribution of the burst weather disaster areas in Yuncheng City in the last fifty years, sums up the circulation flow situation, and advances some rational measures and suggestions.


Carbon nanotubes, CNTs, have probably been made in small amounts since the first fires reduced trees and organic material to ashes. It was not until recently, as part of the so-called nano revolution, that we first recognized the existence of these nanotubes. Sumio Iijima, NEC Fundamental Research Laboratory in Japan, first observed carbon nanotubes as by-products of the arc-discharge synthesis of fullerenes. Although there are many different nanotubes, we will focus on only carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are carbon allotropes that have attracted much attention. Some have suggested that carbon nanotubes will be one of the most important twenty-first century materials because of the exceptional properties and ready abundance of the feedstock, carbon.


Recent progress in space and wavelength selective switch technology is reviewed. Multi-port switch architectures allowing the simultaneous and independent routing of multiple wavelength channels are considered as a route to high connectivity optical interconnection. Monolithically integrated optoelectronic circuits facilitating fast nanosecond time-scale reconfigurability are presented. Comparisons are made with discretely populated demonstration circuits, identifying the challenges and opportunities for larger scale integrated circuits.


The OCB authenticated-encryption algorithm is specified in RFC 7523,
but only for blockciphers with 128-bit blocks such as AES. This
document extends RFC 7523 by specifying how OCB is used with
blockciphers of any blocklength. When the blocklength is 128 bits,
this specification and that in RFC 7523 are identical.


In languages exhibiting the Ezafe construction, such as Modern Persian, nominal modifiers generally follow the noun, and a large class of nominal modifiers, including APs, NPs, some PPs, but not relative clauses, require a "linking" element, referred to as Ezafe. Thus in (a), the noun otâq 'room' is modified by the adjective phrase besyar kuchik 'very small.' The Ezafe vowel é appears in between, suffixed to the noun. In (b), the noun xune 'house' is followed by a restrictive PP, kenar-é dærya 'on the beach.' The two are connected by Ezafe, which also appears internally, between the preposition and its object. Finally (c) shows the noun otâq modified by the relative clause îké bozorg ast 'that is big.' No Ezafe appears in this case; the relative clause initial -î is a distinct morpheme.


pretation. Fugitive slaves-Free Frank, John Brown, Martin Delaney, and John Mercer Langston-are only a few who realized the importance of a frontier, of movement and expansionism in addressing black self-determination. For African American history, Turner's thesis is significant not only because he provided a challenge to his generation of black historians, but also because his historical blind spot encouraged future scholars of the black experience to employ Turner's own guidelines to reveal the flaws in his perspectives and go beyond his narrow parameters in defining the meaning of the frontier.


Abstract The correlation between low and high strain rate deformation characteristics and the microstructure of novel strip steel products employed by the automotive industry has been assessed. Research has been carried out to establish whether microstructural changes during high speed deformation could explain the relative attributes of mild steel, carbon manganese steel and novel dual phase steel grades of increasing yield and tensile strength, in relation to their crash behaviour. The results obtained indicate that the dual phase steel grades having similar microstructures, although with varying strength levels, displayed the same response to high strain rate loading conditions. They both exhibited a reduction in the level of hardness at high strain rate compared with low strain rate deformation. The strain rate softening effect observed with the dual phase steel was accompanied by an increase in plastic deformation of the ferrite areas around the martensitic constituent regions.


Part 1 A preview. Part 2 The aims: three separate sketches some pervasive puzzles. Part 3 The rules: "Re Rose", bargains, inducement vitiation, profits, involvement. Part 4 The fears (1) - informality: legislation traditionally legislation traditionally. Part 5 The fears (2) - priority: claims outside insolvency claims on insolvency. Part 6 The theses: the third thesis the sceptical thesis the radical thesis.


Traditionally, two families of finite volume schemes have been developed to compute both compressible and incompressible flows. Thus, density-based solvers are used for the computation of flows when compressibility effects are important (mainly transonic, supersonic and hypersonic flows), whereas pressure-based solvers are designed to compute incompressible flows. However, it is preferable the development of solvers useful for all the regimes of a flow, this is not only for user's convenience, but also because the importance of flows where low and high Mach regions are present (for example flow past an aerodynamic profile at high angle of attack), or when compressibility effects are important, even in low Mach number flows. Thus, the modification of density or pressure-based solvers to compute all-speed flows is a current active area of research. Godunov-like schemes are among the most widely used methods for CFD. When Godunov schemes are used in a density-based solver for low-Mach number computations, it is needed a central discretization for the pressure in order to obtain the adequate scaling of pressure with the square of the Mach number. However, the most widely used numerical schemes lead many times to non-physical solutions. Moreover many of the pressure discretization techniques used by the schemes developed for low Mach number, allow the existence of four-field solutions for the pressure (checkerboard) . In this work we present a modification in the pressure discretization of low-Mach numerical schemes. We propose using Moving-Least Squares (MLS) approximations to the discretization of the pressure flux in the numerical schemes developed for low-Mach number flows. This simple modification avoids all the problems related with checkerboard and it obtains a very accurate representation of the pressure field. The centered character of MLS approximations assures the correct scaling of the pressure with the square of the Mach number [1, 2, 3]. The high-order is achieved using MLS for the computation of the derivatives in the reconstruction step of a finite volume scheme [4]. We present here the results of the application of the proposed pressure flux discretization to the AUSM-family schemes (in particular we test the cases of the AUSM+-up [5] and SLAU [6] schemes).


Derrida is recognized as one of most important philosophers in the latter half of the 20th century.After the disintegration of the camp of Soviet and East Europe Communism in 1989,he gave Marx so much praise that it was a significant historical event in the history of philosophy in the 20th century.The author holds that it is necessary to understand the intention and significance of Derrida's new interpretation of Marx.By analysing deconstructively the concept of specters of Marx,Derrida explained the meaning of inheriting Marx's living spirit,which pointed to the New International against the capitalist international order dominated by a few hegemonic states.


Objectives: The aims of this study are to learn about teachers' attitudes towards and knowledge of child abuse, to determine to what extent teachers report the abuses they detect, to learn about teachers' course of action when they identify situations of abuse and to learn about their suggestions as to how institutions can improve intervention methods in cases of child abuse. Methods: A quantitative, transversal and descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 264 preschool, primary and secondary school teachers in the municipality of Leiria, Portugal, selected by convenience sampling, through the application of a questionnaire. Results: Conceptually, they define the child maltreatment on the risk factors, the nature of the acts and consequences of abuse in children. They report on the situations of neglect, physical abuse, psychological and sexual abuse. Previously, they speak with the child to assess the situation and they observe their behaviour, more systematic, they speak with their parents to meet and complete the information and they communicate the occurrence of situations to the school administrators. Teachers point to the need for improving institutional procedures and implementing training and intervention programmes within schools so as to facilitate the early detection of child abuse cases.


The ideological and political work, centering upon ideal and faith education, is an important political advantage of our Party and our nation. Scientifically upholding, embodying and carrying out Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thoughtS of "Three Represents" in the teaching of Maxist theory course and moral course, and enforcing the work of the "three enters" of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thoughts of "Three Represents" are the inherent requirements of college students' ideal and faith education. Actively expanding the "three enters" with the development of the theory and practice as well as keeping pace with the times is the effective guarantee of college students' ideal and faith education. We need not only the prosperous economy, but also the democratic and civilized politics and culture in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. The practical experience from more than 20 years of reforming and opening up to the world tells us that strengthening the construction of spiritual civilization is an essential important condition in developing socialist economy and in building the socialist democratic politics.