Portfolio optimization problem decides the percentage starting with multiple random search points and considering of the overall portfolio value allocated to each portfolio several candidate solutions simultaneously. component with specified risk-return characteristics. A multistage optimization manages portfolio in constantly changing II. MULTI-STAGE PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION MODEL financial markets by periodically rebalancing the asset portfolio to achieve return maximization and/or risk minimization. In this The stochastic nature incorporates scenario analysis into the paper, we present a decision-making process that incorporates model. Each scenario depicts a single path over a multi-stage Parallel Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (POPSO) planning period, sharing the same history. In our approach, Algorithm into multi-stage portfolio optimization system. The scenarios are defined by the changes of market index. For objective function is to maximize one's economic utility or end-ofexample, we can simply set two scenarios as: (1) the market period wealth. The performance of our algorithm is index has been dropped and (2) the market index has been demonstrated by optimizing the allocation of cash and various raised. Suppose we have to optimize assets, with 1 denoting stocks in Shanghai market of China. Experiments are conducted cash and the others representing any investment instruments to compare performance of the portfolios optimized by different such as bonds, funds, futures and stocks. Let the entire objective functions in terms of expected return and standard planning horizon T be divided into a number of periods as t = derivation. {1,2,3,...,T}. Investment decisions are made at each of the period. Each period may have different scenarios. A graphical KeywordsParallel; multi-stage; portfolio; asset allocation scenario tree can be constructed to visualize the optimal dynamic balanced investment strategy for asset allocation [2].


The Broadway musical, balancing as it does artistic expression and commerce, is regularly said to reflect its sociocultural surroundings. Its historiography, however, tends for the most part to emphasize art over commerce, and exceptional productions over all else. Broadway histories tend to prioritize the most artistically valued musicals; occasional lip service, too, is paid to extraordinary commercial successes on the one hand, and lesser productions by creators who are collectively deemed great artists on the other. However, such a historiography provides less a reflection of reality than an idealized and thus somewhat warped portrait of the ways the commercial theater, its gatekeepers, and its chroniclers prioritize certain works and artists over others. Using as examples Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death (1971), Merrily We Roll Along (1981), Carrie (1988), and Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark (2011), I will suggest that a money-minded approach to the study of musicals may help paint a clearer picture of what kinds of shows have been collectively deemed successful enough to remember, and what gets dismissed as worthy of forgetting.


We demonstrate the controlled alteration of bulk defects in CdTe single crystals and polycrystalline films to achieve high bulk minority-carrier lifetime and p-type doping. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements confirm that bulk defect chemistry is altered by inserting intentional extrinsic dopants. Group I dopants such as copper display a tradeoff where increased doping decreases lifetime. By incorporating a Group V dopant source such as phosphorus, bulk lifetime values of 20-40 ns with acceptor density values of 0.7-1.0×1016 cm-3 are obtained in single and polycrystalline CdTe crystals. This exceptional combination of long lifetime and high p-type doping in a manufacturable material provides a path to increase open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and efficiency in CdTe photovoltaic devices.


An experiment was conducted to measure apparent distance of a target within arm's length above water and under water. Eight experienced divers and eight novice divers wearing facemasks indicated apparent distances by reaching responses. The viewing conditions were (1) a target and a subject in air environment, (2) a target in water but a subject in air, and (3) a target and a subject under water. Apparent distances were smaller in conditions (2) and (3) than in (1). This difference is interpreted as being due to the dissimilar convergence and accommodation requirements in the various conditions. There was little difference between the experienced and novice divers.


A method for simulating charge and discharge characteristics of secondary batteries is discussed. The analysis utilizes a nonlinear regression technique where empirical data is computer fitted with a five coefficient nonlinear equation. The equations for charge and discharge voltage are identical except for a change of sign before the second and third terms.


Background Structural progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a major outcome. Radiographic scoring should be performed by one or two readers, blinded to clinical data. This method may be limited in terms of feasibility in large observational longitudinal research including large number of patients and multiple timepoints. Objectives To compare a new method for radiographic scoring involving multi-reader evaluation to a mono-reader evaluation taken as reference. Methods 11 rheumatologists were trained for radiographic reading according to Sharp-van der Heijde Score (SHS) (objective: ICC≥0.8 for intra and inter-reliabilities). ESPOIR cohort is a longitudinal observational study of early arthritis (ie; at least 2 swollen joints, symptom duration:6 weeks-6 months, no DMARDs). Xrays of hands and feet were performed each year. All patients with complete radiographic data at M0 and M60 were included in this study. Xrays were scored (SHS) according to 2 different methods (monoreader or multireader evaluations).The "mono-reader evaluation" was taken as reference and consisted in scoring all the patients by one reader (M0 and M60). A "multi-reader evaluation" was compared to the monoreader evaluation. For this multireader evaluation, patients were randomly divided in equal subgroups which were randomly allocated to the readers. Each reader had to read all available Xrays (M0 to M60) of the patients allocated to him. Xrays were scored according to SHS, blindly from clinical data, in chronological order. Statistical analysis was performed using R.2 software. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for SHS scores and kappa coefficients for rapid radiographic progression (RRP: change (M60-M0) of SHS≥5) between multireader and monoreader evaluations were calculated. Results Patients characteristics in the ESPOIR cohort have already been published (1). 524 patients had complete radiographic data at M0 and M60 and were included in this study. 144 patients (34.6%) had RRP. While correlations between the multireader and monoreader readings were moderate at M0, good correlations of the change of SHS scores between M0 and M60 were observed. Moderate agreements for the evaluation of structural progression were observed between the 2 methods, with good agreement for erosion progression. Table 1 M0 Change M60–M0 ICC [95% CI] Total SHS 0.62 [0.4; 0.75] 0.80 [0.63; 0.91] Erosion SHS 0.70 [0.29; 0.83] 0.77 [0.45; 0.91] JSN SHS 0.53 [0.33; 0.68] 0.7 [0.51; 0.84] Kappa [95% CI] (structural Total SHS – 0.55 [0.33; 0.76] progression: change ≥5) Erosion SHS – 0.61 [0.14; 0.85] JSN SHS – 0.46 [0.21; 0.68] Conclusions Multireader evaluation for radiographic structural progression could be an alternative to Monoreader evaluation in large observational longitudinal cohort. References Tobon et al. Arthritis Care & Research Vol. 65, No. 12, December 2013, pp 1907–1915. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4659


In this research, we report the synthesis of Si–TmC–B/PCD composites using Si, B, and transition metal carbide particles (TmC) as binders at high pressure and high temperature (HPHT method, 5.5 GPa and 1450 °C). The microstructure, elemental distribution, phase composition, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of PCD composites were systematically investigated. The Si–B/PCD sample is thermally stable in air at 919 °C. The initial oxidation temperature of the PCD sample with ZrC particles is as high as 976 °C, and it also has a maximum flexural strength of 762.2 MPa, and the highest fracture toughness of 8.0 MPa·m1/2.


The good and responsible use of zakat funds can benefit the entire community. As the Muslim-majority country, Indonesia had the zakat potential of around 217 trillion rupiahs (in 2017). However, the realization of zakat fund collection was only 1.8% or around 4.1 trillion rupiahs. The same thing also happened primarily in the province of West Java, which could only collect zakat funds of around 2% of its entire zakat potential of 17.6 trillion rupiahs. This research aims at analyzing the factors affecting the collection of zakat funds in the cities of West Java. The data used in this research is the secondary data (from 2011-2017), acquired from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), The Ministry of Religion, and BAZNAS (Nasional Zakat Agency). The data is analyzed using the Multiple Linear Regression Model and Generalized Least Squares (GLS) or Random Effect Method. The results of this research show that income, consumption, and the number of Zakat Management Organizations have a positive and significant effect on the zakat fund collection while saving has a negative and insignificant effect on zakat fund collection in West Java.


A pot experiment was conducted during rabi season in the net house of the experimental farm of Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh to study the comparative effect of two doses of basal nitrogen (50 and 100 kg N ha -1 ) on the performance of Abelmoschus esculentus L. grown in two levels of coal ash (F20 and F40) amended soil. So, low doses of these two waste products are beneficial for growth and yield.


Mutual benevolence is commonly set up by mosque committees in Malaysia. Any community member can voluntarily join the mutual benevolence. However, compared to mutual benevolence managed by organisations, the management of mutual benevolence by the mosque committees are more unstructured. The State Islamic Religion Administration Enactment prescribes certain rules to regulate the collection, documentation and distribution of the fund. However, these rules are very brief and general. Guidelines on how to interpret and apply these rules are not available. This study intended to discover the member's perceptions on how much the mosque committees demonstrated their accountability and good governance in managing mutual benevolence in Malaysia. Using a questionnaire, this research found that a majority of members were satisfied with the mosque committees. The members agreed that the mosque committees had been transparent, competent, and provided sufficient information to the members on matters relating to the collection and benefits of mutual benevolence. However, there were still room for improvements in matters pertaining to effective communication and welcoming comments and feedback from the members. Findings from this study provide insights into how the mosque committees in Malaysia fulfil the two elements of accountability and good governance, namely the duty of care and duty of competency, to the members. These findings may help the mosque committees and the state Islamic authorities in formulating strategies and initiatives that can lead to the better management of mutual benevolence by the mosque committees in Malaysia.


Individuals inherently walk towards open spaces and avoid colliding with obstacles to reduce the risk of injury 1 . Research has demonstrated that young adults use body-scaled information to alter their movements when walking through confined spaces 2,3 . Young adults consistently require a safety margin greater than or equal to 1.3 times their shoulder width (termed Critical Point ) in order to pass through an aperture without changing their actions 2 . It is unknown as to whether individuals maintained similar body-scaled strategies when controlling their actions in situations where they are not obligated to walk through a confined space. The current study was designed to test the action strategies of young adults during an unconfined goal-directed locomotor task. The unconfined space consisted of a vertically oriented goal at the end of a 10m pathway and two vertically oriented obstacles placed half way (i.e. 5m from start) along the pathway on either side of the pathway's midline. The obstacles created an aperture that varied between 0.6-1.8 times each individuals shoulder width, but and allowed individuals to choose one of three possible pathways (middle, or around either obstacle). Individuals were instructed to walk to the goal at a natural pace and in a manner they felt was appropriate for success. No direct instructions were provided as to how to avoid the obstacles. Preliminary results indicate that young adults (N=12) chose to walk around the obstacles when the aperture was less than 1.4 times their shoulder widths (? 2 (7 ) = 58, p The ecological approach to visual perception. Houghton Mifflin, Boston: NY.

 [2] Warren, W.H. and Whang, S. (1989). Visual guidance of walking through apertures: Body- scaled information for affordances. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 13: 371- 83.

 [3] Wilmut, K. and Barnett, A. (2010). Locomotor adjustments when navigating through apertures. HumanMovement Science. 29: 289-98.

 [4] Wilmut, K. and Barnett, A. (2011). Locomotor behavior of children while navigating through apertures. Experimental Brain Research, 210: 185- 94.

 [5] Hackney, A.L., & Cinelli, M.E. (2011). Action strategies of older adults when walking through apertures. Gait and Posture. 33 [4]: 733-36.


In the world of big data, many people find it difficult to access the information they need quickly and accurately. In order to overcome this, research on the system that recommends information accurately to users is continuously conducted. Collaborative Filtering is one of the famous algorithms among the most used in the industry. However, collaborative filtering is difficult to use in online systems because user recommendation is highly volatile in recommendation quality and requires computation using large matrices. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a method similar to database queries and a clustering method (Contents Navigator) originating from a complex network.


This is a comparative study of legislative procedures of the United Kingdom and of Sweden. The aim of the thesis is to investigate if and how legislative procedure can affect legal material outcome. This is done through a comparative study of the implementative process of the Acquired Rights Directive, 77/187/EEC. Both transposition, the process of adopting the measures in directives into national law, and application, the administration of the transposition in concrete situations are studied. When considering lawmaking in the United Kingdom, three aspects are described in the first part of the thesis: Statute Law, Case Law and implementation of EC directives. Statute Law can either be in the form of Acts of Parliament, which undergo extensive procedures in the hands of both governmental departments and the Houses of Parliament before they can come into force, or Statutory Instruments, which are delegated legislation made primarily by governmental departments but often subjected to lighter Parliamentary procedures. Case Law is important through its special standing founded in the traditions of Common Law and the doctrine of precedent. To understand Case Law it is necessary to consider Common Law elements, the rules of statutory interpretation, court hierarchy and how judgements are made. EC directives are normally implemented through statutory instruments in the frame of the European Communities Act 1972. The Acquired Rights Directive was transposed in the United Kingdom through the Transfer of Undertakings (Employment Protection) Regulations 1981 made by the Under-Secretary of State in 1981 after having been approved by Parliament. In Sweden it was mainly transposed through additions and amendments to the Employment Protection Act and Employment (Co-Determination in the Work-place) Act passed by the Riksdag in 1994. Application took place in four cases in the UK House of Lords and 20 in the Swedish Labour Court and Supreme Court. The Material Law resulting from the implementation was in many ways similar, but there were noteworthy differences in the scope of the provisions, the rules regarding collective agreements, information and consultation, and the use of the optional articles of the Directive. There appear to be certain procedural features that affected the material result: how the transposition was integrated in existing law, the scope of power of the legislating body, the material produced in the process and available for application, the difference in time between the two transpositions, and the position of the courts and the types of cases they adjudged. There are procedural aspects that have been identified for the Acquired Rights Directive, which can probably play an influential role in much directive implementation, and even in lawmaking in general. Legislative procedure appears to have some effect on its material result.


Determination of minimum loss feeder reconfiguration is an impor- tant step to achieve economy and efficiency in the operation of distribution systems. This paper presents a simple, efficient and direct method for minimum loss radial feeder reconfiguration. The method is based on the optimality condition, which has been derived analytically using incremental complex power concept. The applicability of the method has been investigated on different small to medium size distribution systems and the results are presented. A comparative study is also carried out with previously reported methods. The results of the study show that the proposed method is promising and has the potential to be used for on-line applications.


The relation between the macroscopic plastic response and the corresponding grain scale plastic events for a polycrystalline aggregate was studied by using the finite element method. The numerical model used was based on the constitutive relation combining a few simple and fundamental semi-microscopic plastic mechanisms which can describe a large variety of plastic behaviors observed in lots of experiments. The numerically evaluated plastic accommodation parameter, or the principle and representative scalar function, which relates the microscopic mechanisms on the grain scale with the macroscopic behavior, was compared with those suggested by other theories accepted in polycrystalline plasticity.


The fact that integrating the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) newfangled applications in the envisioned next generation (nextG) necessitates a considerable high throughput, makes terahertz (THz) band an emerging key enabler to support stringent requirements in the nextG wireless ecosystem. To fully utilize the potential of a synergy of UAV with THz frequency band, a THz-enabled UAV communication is scrutinized in this paper, where a single antenna UAV is serving the ground users by incorporating non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme. Our objective is to maximize the total rate of all ground users by jointly optimizing bandwidth allocation, power allocation, and UAV deployment in THz communication systems. The formulated max-sum rate optimization problem is non-convex, which makes it hard to solve optimally. Therefore, to cope with the aforementioned puzzle, we adopt an inner convex approximation-based path-following approach that considers a Joint Optimization of Power, Bandwidth allocation, and UAV's Deployment (JOPBD) by utilizing NOMA scheme. Furthermore, a comparison of our proposed JOPBD algorithm, with the orthogonal multiple access, and other baseline schemes is conducted. Then, the numerical simulations are carried out to reveal the impact of our proposed approach, and also to confirm its significance for the UAV operating in THz band.


With the phenomenal success of networking sites (e.g., Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn), social networks have drawn substantial attention. On online social networking sites, link recommendation is a critical task that not only helps improve user experience but also plays an essential role in network growth. In this paper we propose several link recommendation criteria, based on both user attributes and graph structure. To discover the candidates that satisfy these criteria, link relevance is estimated using a random walk algorithm on an augmented social graph with both attribute and structure information. The global and local influence of the attributes is leveraged in the framework as well. Besides link recommendation, our framework can also rank attributes in a social network. Experiments on DBLP and IMDB data sets demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods based on network structure and node attribute information for link recommendation.


Currently, the LAN network system truly become a commodity that is not lim- ited to big companies, but also enjoyed by the small and medium-scale entrepreneurs. The main bene ts that can exchange les and use of devices together. Scienti c Writ- ing contains ve chapters will explain about the making of the LAN computer network systems in SMU Negeri 106 Jakarta. Writing aims to explain how making a computer network system. To clarify and simplify the reader in un- derstanding the manufacture of LAN networks, the authors complete with pictures. Bibliography (1996 - 2003) Pena- maan File: 50498010


Age estimation models can be employed in many applications, including soft biometrics, content access control, targeted advertising, and many more. However, as some facial images are taken in unrestrained conditions, the quality relegates, which results in the loss of several essential ageing features. This study investigates how introducing a new layer of data processing based on a super-resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN) model can influence the accuracy of age estimation by enhancing the quality of both the training and testing samples. Additionally, we introduce a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier to distinguish between several age classes. We train one of our classifiers on a reconstructed version of the original dataset and compare its performance with an identical classifier trained on the original version of the same dataset. Our findings reveal that the classifier which trains on the reconstructed dataset produces better classification accuracy, opening the door for more research into building data-centric machine learning systems.


The molecular photodissociation of cadmium dimethyl has been studied using time dependent, Gaussian wave packet methods. The model for this system dissociates to produce three fragments. The fragment velocity and energy distributions are calculated for a number of exciting photon wavelengths and are compared to distributions calculated using classical trajectory techniques. Absorption line shapes are calculated in various levels of approximation to illustrate the relative accuracies of the calculations.


In about 9% civil and criminal cases that are settled in Swedish District courts every year, i.e. in roughly 10 000 court hearings, an interpreter is employed when at least one of the involved parties speaks another language than Swedish. In this paper, aspects of interpretation in the courtroom are discussed in general, and examples from court proceedings are used to analyse disfluent situations. The role of the interpreter is viewed, and compared to that of other participants' in the discourse. Aspects of legal rights for the individual are discussed in relation to examples from other language communities. The results show that the confusing situations and misinterpretations are not only dependent on the decisions made by the interpreter. The attitudes and the linguistic behaviour of all discourse participants may contribute to the disfluencies.


arrangement will easily allow them to do. They will also regret the delayed introduction of the Devanagari script and the employment of the phonemic transcription in the opening chapters, rather than a transliteration of the Devanagari forms of words; this can be used quite easily in initial teaching of the spoken language, and might have been an advantage even for the purposes of this book in smoothing the transition to Devanagari script. Various comments can be made on points of minor individual importance in the grammatical presentation: e.g. it is implied (p. xxvii) that only long vowels occur nasalized; but a, 1, u also occur. The characteristic function of nasal consonants of inducing nasality in neighbouring vowels, especially following vowels, could well have been mentioned (p. xxxi), especially since English-speaking learners tend to overlook this point, and this nasality is not expressed in the phonemic transcription or the Devanagari script. The voiced quality of h might have been mentioned (p. xxxiii), since English h, with which the Hindi consonant is compared, is not regularly voiced. Variant constructions with and without concord with a noun are given for cdhie with nouns and infinitives, and for expressions of obligation with hond and parnd involving nouns (e.g. p. 208 f.); but the constructions with concord are normal in standard Hindi and regular in the written language, and might have been recommended. It would have given a clearer picture of the function of the absolutive forms (called Past Participles) to note (p. 342) that they may refer to actions contemporaneous with that of the main verb as well as preceding it (e.g. mairhne cilldkar kahd...); in which case the forms might have been named differently. badalnd (p. 444) is both intransitive and transitive, badldnd being causative, rukdnd is rare for roknd, which does not seem to be used in the book, dikhldnd and dikhvdnd are not interchangeable (p. 378). The phrase vdstav mem is misleadingly presented, p. 368. But such comments do not detract from the general value of the book, which will be used widely and with profit. R. S. MCGREGOR.


Many difficult natural language and machine learning problems are now yielding to data-intensive solutions made possible by the advent of economical, high-performance computing. In data-intensive computing, complex rules systems and statistical models can often be replaced by the ability to scan large volumes of data to find exact or similar instances in which the solution is known. This paper discusses the problem of named entity recognition in unstructured textual information, a discussion of how data-intensive computing methods have evolved to address this problem, and a comparison of results obtained between different data-intensive methods.


Ethyl phenyl glyoxylate is synthesised from benzene and ethyl chloride glyoxylate with anhydrous aluminum trichloride as the catalyst.The optimum conditions for the reaction are obtained as follows: n(ethyl chloride glyoxylate) =0.18 mol,the molar ratio of benzene to aluminum trichloride to ethyl chloride glyoxylate 6:1.3:1,reaction temperature 20~25 ℃,reaction time 3 h.The yield is 96.21 %,and the purity is 95.58 %(HPLC) by vacuum distillation.The structure of ethyl phenyl glyoxylate is confirmed by 1HNMR,IR,UV spectra.


Land-expropriated farmers has get accurate on the system,but still there are a great deal of difficulties during the process of changing in identity,for instance: difficulty,inhabitting the way to change a great deal of incompatibility senses brought etc.that the basic living guarantee lacks,the job changes.This text propose some solutions from such respects as the implementation of sound,employment of the social security system,construction of community's management,etc.separately.


L 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 L009501 The opinions, findings, and conclusions expresaed in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Bureau of Public Roads. for the interest and help extended in the instrumentation of the equipment. Acknowledgment is also given to Mr. C. J. Keese and other members of the Texas Transportation Institute for help in procuring the core samples used in this study. Mr. Arlie N. Evans, presently with the Bureau of Public Roads, is thanked for his assistance in obtaining laboratory wear tests.


It offers some methods of alternation about boiler and its equipments in order to burn the off-design coal, which is Huolinhe lignite, according to the boiler's existing condition and the characters of the Huolinhe lignite. It also presents analysis and evaluation on operational condition, economy and existing problems after burning the Huolinhe lignite.


In recent years, due to up-gradation of peoples life styles, industry revolutions, use of electric vehicles, expansion of commercial and domestic loads, lack of capital resources for up-gradation of existing electric infrastructure etc. are causing unreliable and poor operation of the electric networks. The soaring fuel prices and limitation on emission of green house gases, the renewable energy resources are gaining more attention. The effective harvesting of RES and their integration to existing network enhances the overall network performance. Currently, power transmission capacity is one of the bottlenecks of existing electrical infrastructure. Even though with sufficient power generation limitation in TTC of the grid unscheduled load shedding, poor quality supply are common problems faced by the consumers. The use of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are enhances the power transfer capacity of the existing infrastructure up to certain extent. This will defers the new investments in up-gradation of electrical infrastructure. In this paper, optimal placement of STATCOM and TCSC are tested to select best site, number of devices and their combinations to increase overall reliability of the network.


Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifi cations involving the attachment of glycan moieties to proteins. Alterations in the glycosylation patterns have a profound impact on the immunogenicity and overall biological activity. Glycan characterization is of crucial importance to biopharma-based applications. Various analytical techniques have been widely used to profi le the N-glycans and face signifi cant challenges in accurate detection of low levels of glycan species. This Application Note demonstrates the analysis of recombinant monoclonal antibody glycans (mAb) by employing capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (CE-MS). This method involves enzymatic cleavage of glycans from mAb by PNGase F followed by fl uorescent (8-aminopyrene-1,3, 6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt–APTS) labeling of glycans, and analysis of the glycans by using an Agilent 7100 CE system coupled to an Agilent 6520 Accurate Mass Q-TOF LC/MS. We identifi ed seven glycans from a recombinant mAb and the relative percentage ratio of individual glycan moieties reveals the presence of both the major and minor forms of glycan modifi cations. This Application Note demonstrates faster separation of CE along with the sensitive detection limits of MS indicating the coupling of CE-MS to be a successful and promising alternative analytical solution to LC/MS for the characterization of glycans from mAbs/or glycoproteins. Authors Suresh Babu C.V and Ravindra Gudihal Agilent Technologies India Pvt. Ltd Bangalore, India


Combined boxing is the combination of two or more kinds of boxing. As far as the boxing skills is concerned,combined boxing can be divided into two kinds which are the technical movement of single way of boxing and the technical movement of combined boxing. Single technique can be divided into straight boxing,swing boxing,hook boxing and so on. Combined boxing can be divided into left straight boxing and right straight boxing,thrice obstructed boxing followed by right straight boxing and left straight boxing followed by right swing boxing and left hook boxing,etc. Combined boxing is a common boxing in the boxing match. This paper puts forward the way of using combined boxing in the boxing match.


A modified Quasi-Yagi antenna with a vertical integrated balun is proposed for newly emerging long-term evolution (LTE) personal wireless communication standard applications. The influence of major parameters on antenna performance is simulated and studied through electro-magnetic simulation, and the optimal parameters of the antenna are obtained. The simulation results of the antenna show that the 10dB return loss bandwidth is 52.2% operating from 627MHz to 1070MHz, and gain is more than 5.4dBi. The final size of the antenna is 0.54λ0 × 0.6λ0 with the thickness is 1.6mm, and the balun is 0.16λ0 × 0.11λ0.


We develop a static North–South model where North and South are interlinked through international tourism. Northern consumers have demand for southern non-tradable tourism service. Northern development generates additional income in the hands of northern consumers and thus raises their demand for tourism service in South. This leads to a reallocation of resources between the tourism sector and the non-tourism sector in South and thus affects its nature of development. We derive many interesting results from this model. International tourism can act as an engine to solve the poverty problem of southern workers through functional redistribution of southern income. However, it can also act as a constraint to southern economic growth through reduction in its level of investment. Northern development may lower the level of southern real income deflated by the price of southern non-traded tourism service and thus may lead to a welfare loss when the preferences of southern consumers are biased in favour of tourism service. In the case of a labour surplus South, northern development always raises the real income of South through international tourism. JEL Codes: F22, Z32


The objective of this investigation was the physical characterization of the Muntingia calabura fruit and physicochemical property evaluation of its meal for use in the formulation of cookies and the physicochemical and sensory characterization of the optimized cookies. The fruit showed a length, width, and thickness of 12.75 mm, sphericity of 99.79%, and an average weight of 1.72 g. Muntingia calabura meal had a high content of protein (26.29 g/100 g) and fiber (13.33 g/100 g), a water solubility capacity of 24%, an oil absorption capacity of 2.17 g/g, and an emulsifying capacity of 16.03%. Cookies were made with different Muntingia calabura meal concentrations (MMC) (0-35 g/100 g) and added water amounts (17-27 g/100 g). Two optimal conditions were obtained (C1= MMC 8.07 g/100 g and C2= MMC 6.05 g/100 g, both with 28.46 mL/100 g of added water). The C1 cookie had a higher protein content (28.99 g/100 g), both cookies had the same degree of acceptance.


The scientific program of the Qur'anic Botanic Garden (QBG) is concerning with agricultural, conservational, biotechnology and medicinal fields. The QBG not only focusing on the study of the plants mentioned in the Holy Qur'an and Hadith, but also the endogenous plants of the Flora of Qatar and potential medicinal plants of the Arabic world. In the Hadith, the Prophet's sayings, there are more than 20 plants mentioned in the occasions of cosmetic or medicinal uses. The garden is conserving special kinds of plants collected from different parts of the world to be restored at one place for preservation and study purposes. Both ex-situ and in-situ conservational programs are designed to collect and conserve plants inside and outside their natural habitats. The QBG plant nursery, herbarium, and seeds units are main components of the QBG that build to produce and preserve the plants at QBG. More than 59 plant spices are preserved from three different geographical zones: desert, Mediterranean and tropical zones. The Garden also is collecting and preserving those traditional entities from the entire world in order to be exhibited in the Botanic Museum of the QBG. By following the Islamic principles of conservation, the QBG highlights these conservational ethics and explains them for all people. Garden emphasizes multi-activities, campaigns, events, fairs and exhibitions for the students and public in order to encourage people to preserve the natural resources through an ordinately oriented educational program which is based on plant conservation. Another side of QBG's conservation roles is the conservation based on community engagement and education. QBG's education programs, horticulture and conservation programs, dissemination activities, and partnerships are fundamental in ensuring the transfer of this knowledge to the global community.


Introduction Greek colonies of the Archaic period are found on or off the coasts of modern Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Albania, Greece, Turkey in Europe, Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Turkey in Asia, Egypt and Libya. Hence this is often regarded as the 'age of colonization' or period of Greek colonization par excellence. In fact colonization was practised in all periods of Greek history. What distinguishes the colonization of the Archaic period is, firstly, its scale and extent, only rivalled by the very different colonization of Alexander and the Hellenistic period, and, secondly, its character, as a product of the world of the independent city-state, the polis. Later colonization of the Classical, and, even more clearly, of the Hellenistic, periods reveals in many ways that it emanated from a world dominated by larger political units. It is more difficult to distinguish Archaic colonization from its predecessor in the migratory period, when the Greeks settled the islands of the Aegean and west coast of Asia Minor. Indeed, the ancients themselves made no such distinction. However, it seems doubtful if the dominating political units of those days could properly be called poleis. In any case, a distinction is required by the great difference in the quality of our knowledge of the colonization of the migratory period as compared with that of Archaic times. With some over-simplification one might say that the literary sources for the Archaic period present real historical evidence, even though they are partly contaminated by legendary elements, whereas those for the migratory period are all legend, even if a kernel of truth is concealed somewhere within them.


Traffic Guidance System is commonly recognized as an effective solution to solve urban transport problems at present and will become a kind of novel traffic management control pattern which can rightly guide travellers to arrive at destination, optimize the traffic stream, avoid traffic jam and manage modern traffic more effectively. From the beginning of introducing the frequently employed measurements to solving urban traffic problem, the design ideal of the intelligent traffic system is illustrated in this paper. The harmonious researches for some kinds of traffic control and guidance are analyzed. The attention of us is focused on the application of computational intelligence to traffic guidance and the design ideal of multi-agent system is emphasized. It is indicated by practice that urban traffic intelligent guidance system can effectively avoid the communication resource waste induced by a kind of traffic management pattern in which the traffic guidance system is separated from the traffic control. It can fully balance system computational resource and realize the information share between traffic control and traffic guidance system.


The idea of using framing strategies to communicate science to the public has recently been taken up in scientific forums ([1][1], [2][2]), the mainstream media ([3][3]), and the blogosphere ([4][4], [5][5]). Most participants in the framing science debate limit their notion of scientific


Genetic factor is important in determining a person to get leprosy. Genes that affect susceptibility to Mycobacterium Leprae are SNP PARK2-e01 (-2599) PARK2 genes. These genes act as phagocytosis in macrophages in a non-specific immune process. This study aims to prove that there are SNP PARK2-e01 (-2599) PARK2 genes in leprosy and household contact patients. SNP PARK2-e01 (-2599) PARK2 genes were analyzed in 60 individual with leprosy or household contact from West Sumatera. The purpose of this study was to prove the SNP PARK2-e01(-2599) PARK2 gene in leprosy and household contact patients. This research method is observational research with cross-sectional comparative study design, by comparing SNP PARK2-e01 (-2599). The results of this study obtained the most aged in leprosy patients was 12-16 years and household contact aged was 36-45 years (p = 0.293). The leprosy patients group who had SNP PARK2-e01 (-2599) polymorphism PARK2 gene was 90% while in household contact was 83.3%. Statistical test results obtained p = 0.75 with OR = 1.8 (95% CI 0.389-8.323). The conclusion proved he was an SNP PARK2-e01 (-2599) PARK2 gene in leprosy and household contact patients.


The IQ TOXICITY TEST{trademark} is a toxicity screening test that evaluates the organism`s galactosidase enzyme system functionality as a predictor of acute toxicity. Organisms are exposed to a potentially toxic solution for approximately one hour. Following the exposure, the organisms are exposed to a slurry of a galactoside sugar tagged with a fluorescent marker (methylumbelliferyl galactoside) for 15--20 minutes. A black light can then be used to examine whether the hemolymph of the organism contains free umbelliferone, which brightly fluoresces. The organisms are then scored as ``on`` or ``off`` with respect to free umbelliferone. This endpoint can then be used to calculate an EC50, which is comparable to a whole effluent, pure compound, or sediment toxicity test. Slightly different methodologies are used for different toxicity test organisms. The objective of this presentation is to discuss the use of the IQ{trademark} methodology with porewater extract exposures of the amphipod Hyalella azteca as a predictor of results of whole sediment toxicity tests. The results of over thirty 10 and 28-day whole sediment toxicity tests and the concurrent Hyalella azteca 10 TOXICITY TESTS{trademark} are compared and discussed. The use of screening tests as a reduced cost method for initial site assessment will bemore » discussed.« less


The skin has evolved as a primary defense mechanism against the external environment, bacterial infections, viral invasion and physical damage. Especially, the highly organized structure of the stratum corneum forms an effective barrier to protect the epidermal water and it contributes to the maintenance of the skin's humidity and health. So, healthy skin can deal with different types of external simulation and recovers quickly from severe damage 1-2) . Recently, hypersensitive skin diseases like allergic contact dermatitis or atopic eczema have apparently increased in South Korea 3-4) . On one hand, the increasing environmental pollution caused by industrial development has become one main cause of this situation, but on the other hand, the failure of the skin barrier to function correctly is a more basic reason. If the function of the skin barrier is the major key to hypersensitive skin diseases, then a medicine that has an effect on the skin barrier function is needed for treating such diseases. The skin barrier function is very similar to the received : 25 August 2007 received in revised from : 27 August 2007 accepted : 15 September 2007 Correspondence to : Yoon-Bum Kim College of Oriental Medicine, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, 130-701, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemungu, Seoul, Korea, (Tel : +82-2-958-9181 / Fax : +82-2-958-9180 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) Effect of Insamyangyoung-tang on the Skin Barrier Function of Hairless Mice


ABSTRACT The Heterostegina ("Het") zone (23.6-23.0 ma, N4a -- Globorotalia kugleri zone) is recognized throughout the Gulf Coast as an excellent correlative datum and an erratic, but prolific producer of hydrocarbons. Its late Oligocene-early Miocene? chronozone represents the maximum development of Neogene reefs in the Caribbean/West Atlantic biogeographic province. Although many of the western Gulf Coast Heterostegina reservoirs consist of reefal limestones that grew atop piercement salt domes, eastern Heterostegina equivalents in Louisiana (St. Martin Parish), southern Mississippi, and Alabama (Mobile Bay area) comprise a rimmed accretionary carbonate shelf. The existence of this shelf is confirmed by seismic data as well as by a core from the Sapphire Petroleum Company #1 State well (MS-85-4-OS) located south of Ship Island, Mississippi. Petrographic study of seventeen feet of Anahuac-age core (5660-5677 ft) recovered from the Sapphire well has delineated three carbonate paleoenvironments-in ascending order: 1) shallow-water, windward algal thickets (5671.0-5677.0 ft); 2) bryozoan-mollusc-foraminiferal-algal limestones deposited below fairweather wave base (5664.2-5671.0 ft); and 3) foraminiferal-algal-rhodolitic limestone laid down above fairweather wave base (5660.0-5664.2 ft).


A large number of cultural heritage sites can be found in many countries of Southeast Asia. These sites attract an increasing number of tourists and income to these countries. Unfortunately, due to lack of money or resources to sufficiently protect these sites, many of them are in poor condition or deteriorating (Glover 2005; 2006; Tuan and Navrud 2007). Therefore, there is a need to put a price tag on these cultural heritages in order to justify the costs of preservation and conservation programs.


Abstract Of all scorpion species described to date, only a small fraction are known to reproduce without fertilization by a male, instead producing offspring by parthenogenesis. Here we show that isolated females of the buthid Pseudolychas ochraceus (Hirst, 1911) are capable of parthenogenetic reproduction and we provide data on the postembryonic growth of this species.


The rapid development of society and popular of higher education bring about the difficulties of the university's graduate to taking up an occupation.Facing the crucial competition,the very important key to solve the question is to enhancing the graduate's quality and the university'sreputation.And so,service after saling of university's graduate can help to realize the object.To construct service after saling,the university should do preliminary work,develop the scientific framework and operational procedure,avoid dependency and pay close attention to the quality of teaching.


SOSEMANUK is a new synchronous software-oriented stream cipher with a variable-length key between 128 and 256 bits. In this paper, a Guess and Determine (GD) attack on the cipher is introduced with a computational complexity of 2^192 , requiring only 7 keystream words. The results show that the cipher does not provide full security when the key of the length more than 192 bits is used.


Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are known to be among the most common digestive pathologies. In present paper, the literature data have been analyzed related to the study of intestinal permeability disorders as an etiopathogenetic factor in the development of functional gastrointestinal diseases. The intestinal mucosa is a barrier, performing many functions, and above all a protective function, which is to prevent the transition of intrinsic substances into the internal environment of the body. Recently, more and more scientific evidence has been accumulating that impaired permeability of the intestinal mucosa is an important factor in the development and progression of functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular, IBS and FD. In these pathologies, the weakening of the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa is observed, which is the result of changes in the number of proteins of tight cell contacts, which affects the change in permeability, thus stimulating the transition of pathogenic factors from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal mucosa and causing activation of immunocompetent cells. In the pathogenesis of IBS the main place is given to the activation of mast cells in the mucosa of both small and large intestine, and in FD — to mast cells and eosinophils of the duodenal mucosa. Mast cells, which are cells of the immune system, in response to activation, produce certain inflammatory cytokines, the action of which is aimed at changing the sensitivity of nerve endings in the mucosa, causing the phenomenon of visceral hypersensitivity and changes in the tone and motor function of the gastrointestinal tract.Correction of the changes in intestinal permeability of the gastrointestinal mucosa at this stage of development of medical science is potentially one of the pathogenetic areas in the treatment of IBS and FD. Необходимо провести исследования эффективности препаратов, влияющих на функционирование кишечной стенки, относительно нормализации кишечной проницаемости при заболеваниях ЖКТ. Further researches are needed to study the efficacy of medications affecting the functions of intestinal wall, in regards intestinal permeability at gastrointestinal diseases.


Mushroom cultivation was introduced to Mexico around 1930 and since then mushroom production has been increasing, setting the country as the principal mushroom producer in Latin America. Despite of its commercial importance, the diversity of the genus Agaricus in Mexico has been little studied; only one study has been conducted in Mexico which recorded 13 species; although there have been several studies, mainly floristic, that include some species of the genus. The aim of this study is to produce a preliminary Agaricus checklist based on the collections of four main Mexican herbaria (ENCB, IBUG, MEXU, XAL), and at the same time gather information on poor explored regions and places with potential presence of Agaricus species. At present, 204 specimens have been revised and, after checking the synonyms, 32 species taxonomically valid are recognized, which has been collected in 27 of the 32 states of the Mexican Republic. The most common and wide spread species are A. campestris (present in 18 states), A. placomyces (present in 12), A. augustus (present in 9) and A. arvensis (present in 8). Undoubtedly, the revision of the genus Agaricus in Mexico will allow to add new records to the Mexican fungal flora, and also to describe new species to science (especially from subtropical and tropical regions, so far poorly explored). These studies must rely primarily on the molecular analysis of the species and it would be desirable to perform, at the same time, genetic studies of productivity in the most popular edible species.


The data here are from Lao spoken by majority groups and minority groups in contact with the other Lao dialects. When Lao dialects have long been in contact with each other, it is worthwhile to investigate whether tone variation and change have occurred. Gedney's concept of the tone box is adopted. The tone data are analyzed auditorily and acoustically. The typical distinctive tonal patterns of the Lao language are proposed. To determine how well these distinctive tones have been preserved in Lao dialects in contact, they were then compared to the ones in the Lao dialects in this study. The tonal systems of the Lao dialects are also compared to the ones in the available literature in order to find explanations for language variation. here and and systems of dialects differ from the patterns expected to have been derived from The patterns of mergers and splits, as well as tonal characteristics, here to be different from those in the literature, lead to the supposition of language contact change. The results are also helpful for identifying ethnic groups.


The purpose of this study is to describe the use of digital learning media as a source of information literacy and student activity. Research methods using mixed methods. Data collection using instruments in the form of questionnaires and observation sheets. The data analysis used was editing, tabulating, analyzing, concluding. The results of research for information literacy of students that the aspect that has the highest interval is found in the fourth aspect, namely the ability individually or in groups to use information effectively to achieve certain goals with a value of 3.74 while the lowest aspect with a value of 33.00 in the second aspect is the ability to access information that needed effectively. This is in line with Izzatinnida's research (2019) that the use of internet media as a learning resource consists of browsing or searching to obtain significant additional material outside of textbook subject matter. Teachers and their students can access this information as a learning resource. In the learning activities of students for meetings I and II there was an increase in every aspect. These aspects include based on the introduction, student orientation to problems, organizing students to study, guiding investigations, developing and presenting work, analyzing and evaluating problem-solving processes it can be concluded that information literacy and learning activities can be put to good use during learning and increase learning activities in supporting information


The processing of gravity and rnagntic data is very important in geophysics.The for 90's programs of the processing is unlimited in using comuter's memory. And,those program the function that it reveal graph and irnage under Visual Fortran superior to other comuter's languages.


A common approach to multisource data fusion is to aggregate the information in a stacked vector and treat it as a unique dataset. The statistical classifiers used in these data fusion approaches are also transformed by integrating the contextual information from neighboring pixels, to improve the accuracy of a fuzzy-logic-based fusion scheme. A decision level fusion approach was developed by Gokaraju et. al, 2012, which combines statistical methods and machine learning techniques. Here, each data sample is integrated through separate classifiers such as empirical methods and support vector machines (SVMs) and then used a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) to fuse the decisions for a unified consensus decision. The data fusion approach consists of either pixel-level or feature-level data fusion in combination with machine learning techniques for classification. The intermediate results of the disaster management studies, such as levee land-slide and tornado debris assessment using data fusion techniques, are presented in this paper. For levee landslide studies, we used the multi-temporal datasets of air-borne synthetic aperture radar sensor (UAVSAR). For Tornado disaster studies, we used multi-source and multi-temporal datasets of both synthetic aperture radar sensor (RADARSAT-2) and multispectral sensor (RapiEye) datasets. The results of data fusion approach outperformed the non-data fusion techniques in both studies with kappa accuracies of 82.8% and 72%.


The entire human genome has been sequenced and annotated separately by Lander et al. (2001) and Venter et al. (2001). Altogether, 30,000 to 40,000 protein-coding genes were annotated from the genomic sequence. This number, roughly twice as many as in the worm or fly, deviates greatly from the earlier high estimates (Ewing and Green 2000; Liang et al. 2000; Roest Crollius et al. 2000). The exact gene number in the human genome remains to be determined by accurate annotation of the sequence data.

Genome annotation is based primarily on the ab initio and homology methods. The ab initio approach predicts genes directly from the genomic sequence using the computational properties of exons, introns, and other signature features without referencing the experimental data. Numerous ab initio prediction programs have been used extensively in genome annotation, including FGENESH (Solovyev et al. 1995; Salamov and Solovyev 2000), GeneID (Parra et al. 2000), GeneMark.hmm (Lukashin and Borodovsky 1998), GeneView (Milanesi et al. 1993), GENSCAN (Burge and Karlin 1997, 1998), Genie (Kulp et al. 1996; Reese et al. 2000), Grail (Xu et al. 1994), GrailEXP_Perceval (Hyatt et al. 2000), HMMgene (Krogh 1998, 2000), and MZEF (Zhang 1997).

The homology approach identifies genes with the aid of experimental data. This approach exploits sequence alignment between the genomic data and known cDNA or protein databases. Successful implementation of this method includes AAT (Huang et al. 1997), FGENESH+ and FGENESH++ (Salamov and Solovyev 2000), GAIA (Bailey et al. 1998), GeneBuilder (Milanesi et al. 1999), GenomeScan (Yeh et al. 2001), GrailEXP_Gawain (Hyatt et al. 2000), GeneWise (Birney and Durbin 2000), ICE (Pachter et al. 1999), and Procrustes (Gelfand et al. 1996; Sze and Pevzner 1997; Mironov et al. 1998). Among these programs FGENESH+ (and FGENESH++), GenomeScan, GeneWise, and Procrustes are combined tools of sequence homology and ab initio annotation.

Generally speaking, the ab initio approach tends to have a higher rate of false-positive predictions (overprediction) in annotating long genomic sequences with multiple genes (Dunham et al. 1999). The homology-based approaches demand high-performance computing and large storage space. Furthermore, these methods require extensive manual interventions to curate true gene prediction from large sets of matched data. The combination tools for sequence alignment and ab initio annotation, although highly accurate, are not robust in routine applications.

In this paper, we propose a new method, the Complexity Reduction Algorithm for Sequence Analysis (CRASA), for global alignment and annotation of the genomic sequence. The method finds the exact match between the cDNA data and genomic sequence; thus mapping the expressed genes directly to it. By using a set of filters, the enormous data complexity is reduced substantially. Thus, it provides an annotated framework of expressed genes in the genome.

The CRASA system restructures the cDNA data progressively into a pattern-based pyramidal data structure in hierarchical orders. The algorithm offers an automatic search of the entire database efficiently and is amicable to the implementation of parallel processing (see Methods). In this paper, CRASA was tested with two benchmark data sets, the SemiArtificial Genomic (SAG) sequences provided by Guigo et al. (2000) and the Real Genomic (RG) sequences generated ad hoc from GeneBank of NCBI (National Center of Biotechnolgy Information). In general, CRASA was capable of delivering annotation accuracy better than the other 15 programs tested in this study (see Results and Discussion).

The annotated human Chromosomes 21 (Hattori et al. 2000) and 22 (Dunham et al. 1999), although incomplete, are considered as standard benchmarks for genome annotation. In the benchmark test of human Chromosomes 21 and 22, CRASA's filters were able to remove the massive noise from matched hits, thus reducing the complexity of genome analysis. More significantly, our method identified 83 additional EST matches that were not annotated previously. These 83 matches were extracted and categorized into five classes.

Our results indicate that CRASA, with its capabilities of complexity reduction, progressive data transmission, and direct pattern match, is a robust and effective new method for genome annotation. The simplicity of program implementation allows for unlimited query size and parallel processing on multiple processors. It is well suited for annotating large genomic sequences.


The biochemical information now available on the cellular slime mold is sufficient to attempt a kinetic model of a portion of the metabolism essential to differentiation. A computer model has been constructed which is consistent with the in vivo and in vitro data obtained for this system, and which makes specific predictions now being tested in the laboratory.


Background: The most important clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis is rupture of advanced plaques. The fibronectin containing alternatively spliced extra domain A (Fn-EDA) is abundant in extracellular matrix around macrophages and endothelial cells in advanced human plaques. In vitro studies suggest that Fn-EDA is a ligand for TLR4 and upregulates MMP9, which has been shown to enhance elastin degradation and promote plaque rupture in advanced plaques of hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice. The mechanistic role of Fn-EDA in advanced plaques remains unknown.

Hypothesis: Fn-EDA/TLR4 signaling in activated macrophages contributes to plaque vulnerability by upregulating MMP9 during advanced atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results: We compared atherosclerotic plaques in the brachiocephalic artery (a model artery for study of plaque vulnerability) of female Fn- EDA-/-Apoe-/- and Apoe-/- mice at 50 weeks of age (44 weeks on high-fat Western diet). Fn- EDA-/-Apoe-/- mice exhibited decreased plaque size and characteristics of stable plaques, with decreased necrosis, reduced influx of activated macrophages, increased SMC staining and greater collagen content compared to Apoe-/- mice (P<0.05, n=11-13 mice/group), although cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and circulating leukocyte counts were similar. Purified cellular FN, which contains EDA, potentiated the NFκB-mediated inflammatory pathway (increased phospho-NFκB p65/ NFκB p65, TNFα and IL1β) and MMP9 protein expression (gelatin zymography) in a dose-dependent manner in purified macrophages from Fn-EDA-/-Apoe-/- mice but not from Fn-EDA-/-TLR4-/-Apoe-/- mice. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated colocalization of macrophage TLR4 and Fn-EDA within advanced atherosclerotic plaques in murine brachiocephalic arteries and human coronary arteries. Genetic deletion of TLR4 in Apoe-/- mice stabilized advanced plaques, and parameters of plaque stability were comparable between TLR4-/-Apoe-/- and Fn-EDA-/-TLR4-/-Apoe-/- mice.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that Fn-EDA/TLR4 signaling in macrophages is a key mechanism that upregulates MMP9, and thereby promotes plaque vulnerability in advanced atherosclerosis.


Objective To explore the involvement of glucose-sensitive neurons (GSNs) in lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in central motilin-induced feeding behavior. Methods Extracellular recordings were made from single neuron in LHA in anesthetized rats. According to their responsiveness to intracarotid injection of glucose solution(0.56 mol/L) 0.2 mL, the neurons in LHA with decreased firing frequencies were classified as GSNs and the others were non-glucose-sensitive neurons (NGSNs). 0.28 mol/L NaCl solution was used to the controls. Effects of i.c.v. administration of 4 g/L erythromycin 1 μL on neuronal activities of GSNs and NGSNs were examined and normal saline was used as control. Results Eighteen GSNs and 27 NGSNs were recognized in LHA. After erythromycin was microinjected by i.c.v., the firing rates increased in 12 GSNs and decreased in three GSNs , but the rest had no changes. Seven neurons were excited and five neurons were inhibited in 27 NGSNs, the rest had no changes. There was a significant difference between the effects of erythromycin on GSNs and on NGSNs ( χ 2=8.34 ,P 0.05). Conclusion Erythromycin , a motilin receptor agonist, could stimulate the GSNs in LHA, which may contribute to the effect of central motilin on feeding behavior.


ABSTRACT Marine aquaculture offers a great source of protein for the increasing human population, and farming of, for example, Atlantic salmon is a global industry. Atlantic cod farming however, is an example of a promising industry where the potential is not yet realized. Research has revealed that a major bottleneck to successful farming of cod is poor quality of the larvae and juveniles. A large research program was designed to increase our understanding of how environmental factors such as temperature and nutrition affects cod larvae development. Data on larvae growth and development were used together with nuclear magnetic resonance. The NMR data indicated that the temperature influenced the metabolome of the larvae; differences were related to osmolytes such as betaine/TMAO, the amino acid taurine, and creatine and lactate which reflect muscle activity. The larvae were fed Artemia from stage 2, and this was probably reflected in a high taurine content of older larvae. Larvae fed with copepods in the nutrition experiment also displayed a high taurine content, together with higher creatine and betaine/TMAO content. Data on the cod larvae metabolome should be coupled to data on gene expression, in order to identify events which are regulated on the genetic level versus regulation resulting from temperature or nutrition during development, to fully understand how the environment affects larval development. Summary: Metabolomic 'snapshots' from developing cod larvae reflect the temperature and diet experienced from hatching to juvenile and provide insight into how important processes such as osmoregulation and muscle development might be affected.


Lots of work have been attempted to enhance the SET protocol performance special attention is on E-payment phase. This paper thoroughly analyzes recent works on payment phase; it has been found that this subject requires considerable enhancements, since there are areas, which require further study such as: E-payment phase in SET protocol. E-payment phase is vast and complex phase it has long series of steps. The behavior of environment is assumed by the phase and is restricted to the rules built by their proposed protocol. This paper will follow Ph-Spi calculus for formalizing and analyzing enhanced payment phase of SET protocol by reducing the number of transactions with many additional operators. A new agent controller will be formally modeled, which we can rely upon to make automated decisions during interaction with a dynamic protocol environment. So, this agent controller is used to terminate the transaction process in any case of fraud or attack. This paper is conjunction between our previous works of E-payment phase in SET protocol and other works in Ph-Spi calculus in purpose of analyzing and proving the main security properties: authentication and privacy to evaluate the efficiency of the enhanced security of electronic payment phase for SET protocol (E-SET) using Ph-Spi calculus.


Three kinds of retardant systems,single-component Al(OH)3,Al(OH)3-Mg(OH)2,and Al(OH)3-OMMT,were applied in cable jacket material and their effects on flame retarding performance and mechanical properties were studied.When the weight ratio of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 was 1∶1,these materials have good flame retardant property.A synergistic effect between Al(OH)3 and OMMT was confirmed by the formation of compact charred layer.Single-component Al(OH)3 also showed a significant effect on flame retardancy.


The Ex Cassa di Risparmio site is a reclaimed channel - first Imperial age - located in the center of the city of Modena and it is unique in Emilia Romagna for the archaeobotanical information provided on urban area. The study of seeds/fruits remains produced a framework which can be considered representative for reconstructing the vegetal environment of Mutina at the moment of maximum splendor of the Roman empire and of the city; some species appeared particularly worthy of insights, such as weld - Reseda luteola L., grass species that produces a very stable yellow pigment used since ancient times for dyeing fabrics like wool, linen and silk. The abundance of seeds found in the drained canal suggests agricultural practices implemented in peri-urban area of the city and presumably related to the economy of this prosperous Roman colony. Agriculture should have been a strong element of its economy in addition to ceramic production, sheep farming and the textile industry.


How brain circuits convert sensory signals into goal-oriented movement is a central question in neuroscience. In insects, a region known as the Central Complex (CX) is believed to support navigation, but how its compartments process diverse sensory cues to guide navigation is not fully clear. To address this question, we recorded from genetically-identified CX cell types in Drosophila and presented directional visual, olfactory, and airflow cues known to elicit orienting behavior. We found that a group of columnar neurons targeting the ventral fan-shaped body (ventral P-FNs) are robustly tuned for airflow direction. Unlike compass neurons (E-PGs), ventral P-FNs do not generate a "map" of airflow direction; rather they are tuned to two directions – approximately 45° to the right or left of the midline – depending on the hemisphere of the cell body. Ventral P-FNs with both direction preferences innervate each CX column, potentially forming a basis for constructing representations of airflow in various directions. We explored two possible sources for ventral P-FN airflow tuning, and found that they mostly likely inherit these responses via a pathway from the lateral accessory lobe (LAL) to the noduli (NO). Silencing ventral P-FNs prevented flies from adopting stable orientations relative to airflow in closed-loop flight. Specifically, silenced flies selected improper corrective turns following changes in airflow direction, but not after airflow pauses, suggesting a specific deficit in sensory-motor action selection. Our results identify a group of central complex neurons that robustly encode airflow direction and are required for proper orientation to this stimulus.


This paper proposed a needle insertion robotic surgery system for hepatic microwave coagulation of liver tumors. The system could compensate the influence caused by the patient's respiratory motion. The system includes a needle insertion robot, a surgical planning subsystem, a magnetic tracking device and a stereo vision system. In order to meet the fundamental requirement of the system, inserting the needle accurately to the target, we proposed a method in this paper. First, a patient body fixation technique was used to reduce unintentional patient movement. Then, stereo vision technique was used to track the markers on the patient's body surface. By combining the fixation and stereo vision, we can trace the exact motion of the organ, minimizing influence of respiratory and cardiac motion. Finally, accuracy experiment on 3D ultrasound phantom was carried out to evaluate the navigation system. The results indicated that the proposed method could improve system accuracy, enhancing the efficiency of intervention therapy for the hepatic tumors and reducing the patient's pain.


1 Scope of the Chapter This chapter provides routines for computing some eigenvalues and eigenvectors of large-scale (sparse) standard and generalized eigenvalue problems. It provides routines for: – solution of symmetric eigenvalue problems; – solution of nonsymmetric eigenvalue problems; – solution of generalized symmetric-definite eigenvalue problems; – solution of generalized nonsymmetric eigenvalue problems; – partial singular value decomposition. Routines are provided for both real and complex data. The routines in this chapter have all been derived from the ARPACK software suite (see Lehoucq et al. (1998)), a collection of Fortran 77 subroutines designed to solve large scale eigenvalue problems. The interfaces provided in this chapter have been chosen to combine ease of use with the flexibility of the original ARPACK software. The underlying iterative methods and algorithms remain essentially the same as those in ARPACK and described fully in Lehoucq et al. (1998). The algorithms used are based upon an algorithmic variant of the Arnoldi process called the Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi Method. For symmetric matrices, this reduces to a variant of the Lanczos process called the Implicitly Restarted Lanczos Method. These variants may be viewed as a synthesis of the Arnoldi/ Lanczos process with the Implicitly Shifted QR technique that is suitable for large scale problems. For many standard problems, a matrix factorization is not required. Only the action of the matrix on a vector is needed. 2 Background to the Problems This section is only a brief introduction to the solution of large-scale eigenvalue problems. For a more detailed discussion see, for example, Saad (1992) or Lehoucq (1995) in addition to Lehoucq et al. (1998). The basic factorization techniques and definitions of terms used for the different problem types are given in Section 2 in the F08 Chapter Introduction. A matrix A may be described as sparse if the number of zero elements is so large that it is worthwhile using algorithms which avoid computations involving zero elements. If A is sparse, and the chosen algorithm requires the matrix coefficients to be stored, a significant saving in storage can often be made by storing only the nonzero elements. A number of different formats may be used to represent sparse matrices economically. These differ according to the amount of storage required, the amount of indirect addressing required for fundamental operations such as matrix-vector products, and their suitability for vector and/or parallel architectures. For a survey of some of these storage …


Menopause is a consequence of biological aging. Menopause does not cause cancer, but the risk of developing cancer increase as a woman ages. Treatment of cancer can also cause premature menopause. Among the gynecological cancer, cervical cancer tops the list of common cancer. Postmenopausal women are prone to have persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. There is no role of primary prevention of cervical cancer by vaccination in postmenopausal women. Secondary prevention by Paps smear only may provide false negative result as the cervix is often flushed with the vagina. So, scraping by Ayres spatula and using endometrial brush is necessary in these women. Unfortunately, symptoms of cervical cancer in postmenopausal women are nonspecific and associated with comorbidities. So, any symptom of cervical cancer in postmenopausal women should be properly evaluated. Ovarian cancer is the number one cancer of death among all gynecologic malignancies. Majority of the ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women present with vague symptom and have the advance stage at prevention. Currently, no reliable screening test is available. Yearly routine pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography and serum CA-125 can be performed in selective high-risk women only. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the USA. Most endometrial carcinomas are diagnosed at an early stage and have a good prognosis. Though vulvar and vaginal cancer are rare malignancies, yet these are prevalent in postmenopausal women. Any postmenopausal women with long-term intense itching, pervaginal discharge or any ulcer of vulva or vagina should be evaluated properly.


A common approach to unsupervised relation extraction builds clusters of patterns expressing the same relation. In order to obtain clusters of relational patterns of good quality, we have two major challenges: the semantic representation of relational patterns and the scalability to large data. In this paper, we explore various methods for modeling the meaning of a pattern and for computing the similarity of patterns mined from huge data. In order to achieve this goal, we apply algorithms for approximate frequency counting and efficient dimension reduction to unsupervised relation extraction. The experimental results show that approximate frequency counting and dimension reduction not only speeds up similarity computation but also improves the quality of pattern vectors.


The publication of sci-tech periodicals of China is a very important part in science and technology development.Sci-tech periodicals have made active contribution to China's national economy and sci-tech progress.Improving the editors' politics,academic and innovation qualities for sci-tech periodicals plays an important role in realizing transmitting scientific thought,stimulating scientific innovation and impelling scientific advances.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure after thoracic and abdominal surgery for prevention of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to continuous positive airway pressure intervention after abdominal surgery were retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Cochrane library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Database. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data and assessed the quality of included studies, and then meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.2. Results: A total of 8 studies involving 746 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that CPAP was significantly superior to usual treatment in decreasing morbidity of pneumonia 3.01%, atelectasis 10.57%, severe hypoxia 2.9%, reintubation 0.81%, and wound infection 1.88%. Compared with standard therapy, there was no significant difference for CPAP in reducing length of hospital stay 9.45, admission to ICU 5.58%, and all cause mortality 1.66%. Conclusion: CPAP therapy significantly reduced incidence of pneumonia, atelectasis, reintubation, and wound infection for postoperative patients, but its effect on reducing length of hospital stay, transfer to ICU, and mortality is unsure.


Introduction Prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing, and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is an independent predictor of mortality. Accurate echocardiographic evaluation of RV function is challenging and novel parameters which can aid in prediction RV function are required. Pulmonary artery Pulsatility index (PAPi) is one such parameter. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective study in 33 patients admitted with symptoms of HF and severe LV dysfunction (EF < 35) who underwent right heart catheterization and followed them for 6 months. Primary objective was to determine the association of PAPi with hospitalizations and mortality in short-term follow-up in HF patients. Clinical, demographic, echocardiographic, and catheterization data were recorded. PAPi was calculated as a ratio of pulmonary artery pulse pressure and right atrial pressure. Results The mean age of population was 47 years (±12). Males were 20(61%) and females were 13(39%). Median PAPi in the study population was 2.42 (IQR-1.83). The study population were stratified into 3 groups based on 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile PAPi and on comparisons between groups PAPi was significantly associated with hospitalization at 1 and 6 months in univariate (P = .03 and P = .03 respectively) and in multivariate analysis (P = .04). PAPi was not found to be associated with mortality at 1 month or 6 months. However, the absolute mortality was low in the study population (n = 4). Conclusion PAPi has been found to be a strong and an independent predictor of hospitalization at 1 month and 6 months. Comments Advanced HF is seen in 1 out of 5 patients with HF. It is characterized by refractory symptoms, multiple hospitalizations, fluid retention, elevated natriuretic peptides, and decreased cardiac output often requiring inotropes. The survival rate is poor. The presence of right ventricular dysfunction is an independent predictor of mortality in these patients. Hemodynamic assessment is of importance in these patients to guide regarding further management, ie, use of inotropes, left ventricular assist devices, etc. The PAPi is a marker derived from the formula (PASP-PADP/RAP). 1 The outcome worsens as the PAPi decreases. However, the stroke volume, pulmonary artery capacitance (PAC), and right atrial pressure all have an impact on PAPi. Patients with high PAC will have better PAPi compared to those with low PAC with the stroke volume being constant. 2 Different subsets of HF population have varying PAPI thresholds, with isolated RV infarction having the lowest (0.9) and severe HF having the highest (3.2). 2 Future research should examine the impact of exercise, inotropes, and vasodilators.


In Belfast, despite everyone knowing the conventional date that put an end to the Northern Irish conflict, commonly known as The Troubles, many people still suffer from its legacies to this day. In this article, I consider both post-conflict dynamics and contemporary issues in Belfast, focusing in particular on young people. Through a qualitative methodology, and drawing on anthropological concepts such as structural violence, I provide some reflections on the relationship between violence and trauma in this context through the analysis of the ethnographic data collected in a youth centre. This intervention is intended as a potential contribution to the broader literature on the anthropology of trauma and the ethnographies of violence, and on the debate on the transmission of mental distress from one generation to another.


Case Description- Two female domestic short-hair cats
Clinical Findings- The cats with clinical signs of regurgitation, dysphagia and respiratory distress were presented. Symptomatic sliding hiatal hernia was diagnosed by radiography in these cats.
Treatment and Outcome- The hernias were corrected surgically by only left-sided fundic gastropexy in one, and by reduction of hiatal opening and gatropexy in the other. Both animals were asymptomatic on re-examination and follow-up studies two, six and twelve months post surgery.
Clinical Relevance- This study revealed radiography and gastropexy as good diagnostic and treatment techniques, respectively in sliding hiatal hernia in cats.


Future wireless communications should be designed efficiently to support multi-mode operations for different types of applications, such as machine-to-machine, video streaming, web browsing and voice. In the physical layer multi-mode operation could include the coexistence of single carrier and multicarrier modulations. To reduce overall complexity and power consumption, it is highly desirable to design the receiver such that some of the components are shared or reused by multiple modulation schemes. In this paper we propose a receiver architecture which is composed of a common channel equalizer for all carrier modulation schemes. Furthermore, we investigate the feasibility of using a well-studied time domain equalizer designed for single carrier modulation, i.e., the sliding window-frequency domain equalizer (SW-FDE) for general multicarrier modulation (MCM) receivers. As a specific illustration of the concept, we present the application of this equalizer to an OFDM-offset QAM system.


Synthetic leather wastewater was treated by anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic/coagulation and sedimentation process.The operation results show that the process has characteristics of stable and reliable treatment efficiency and low operation cost.The effluent quality can reach the first class criteria specified in the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard(GB 8978-1996).


Geometric verification is considered a de facto solution for the re-ranking task in image retrieval. In this study, we propose a novel image retrieval re-ranking network named Correlation Verification Networks (CVNet). Our proposed network, comprising deeply stacked 4D convolutional layers, gradually compresses dense feature correlation into image similarity while learning diverse geometric matching patterns from various image pairs. To enable cross-scale matching, it builds feature pyramids and constructs cross-scale feature correlations within a single inference, replacing costly multi-scale inferences. In addition, we use curriculum learning with the hard negative mining and Hide-and-Seek strategy to handle hard samples without losing generality. Our proposed re-ranking network shows state-of-the-art performance on several retrieval benchmarks with a significant margin (+12.6% in mAP on ROxford-Hard+1M set) over state-of-the-art methods. The source code and models are available online: ht tps: / /gi thub. com/ sungonce/CVNet.


Cluster analysis is an exploratory data analysis tool for solving classification problems. It plays a major role in various fields in order to group similar data from the available database. There are various clustering algorithm available in order to cluster the data but the entire algorithm are not suitable for all process .In this paper mainly address with the comparative performance analysis of kmean and y-mean algorithm in Iris flower datasets. The experimental results of iris data set show that the Y-Means algorithm based on partition yields the best results in clustering and time complexity compared with k-Mean algorithm in little iteration time.


Any nutritionist knows that food is fuel when it comes to sports. Guest Editor Leslie J. Bonci, M.P.H., R.D., takes pride in her issue on Sports Nutrition. She's the director of sports medicine nutrition at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, the author of the "American Dietetic Association Guide to Better Digestion" and she serves as a nutrition consultant for Pitt's department of athletics, the Pittsburgh Steelers, Pittsburgh Penguins, Pittsburgh Pirates, Cincinnati Reds and Toronto Blue Jays.In addition, she is the company nutritionist for the Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre. This issue is all about fuel for performance, whether you're a weekend warrior, more advanced or just want to be more informed about Sports Nutrition. Check out the article on hydration - a hot topic these days - it covers hyponatremia and core temperature. Master athletes will find the articles on nutritional needs and joint inflammation invaluable. High school and college coaches will love the update article on the female triad. Other interesting articles include athletes and body composition and protein requirements for athletes.


As root canal filling materials that have long-time existed in the oral, its biocompatibility will affect root filling quality and restore reaction of apical tissue directly. Except the research of cytotoxicity and histotoxicity, genotoxicity of dental materials have also been regarded as a necessary procedure to evaluate new material. So in this article, we will make a review of evaluation about genotoxicity of root canal sealer.


MCSE Windows 2000 Server Exam Cram 2, Second Edition is the perfect study guide for readers preparing for the 70-215 exam, which measures the ability to implement, administer, and troubleshoot Windows 2000 Server as a member server of a domain in an Active Directory environment. This book is not intended to teach new material. Instead it assumes that you have a solid foundation of knowledge but can use a refresher on important concepts as well as a guide to exam topics and objectives. This book focuses exactly on what you need to pass the exam - it features test-taking strategies, time-saving study tips, and a special Cram Sheet that includes tips, acronyms, and memory joggers not available anywhere else. The series is supported online at several Web sites: examcram.com, informit.com, and cramsession.com.The accompanying CD features PrepLogic™ Practice Tests, Preview Edition. This product includes one complete PrepLogic Practice Test with approximately the same number of questions found on the actual vendor exam. Each question contains full, detailed explanations of the correct and incorrect answers. The engine offers two study modes, Practice Test and Flash Review, full exam customization, and a detailed score report.


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a medical device, and a medical device can be formed by this method. The method in one embodiment, providing a metal fabric formed of a plurality of metal strands, these strands may be secured to a substantially desired shape by heat treatment, and deforming the metal fabric substantially to match the surface of the molding element, and heat-treated while contacting the metal fabric to the surface of the molding element substantially fixing the shape of the metal fabric to a modified state, thereby leaving the metal fabric from the molding surface. The resulting metal fabric defines a retractable medical device to pass through the inside, such as a catheter to be placed within a vessel in a patient's body. Medical device formed according to this method can have various structures. In one embodiment, the medical device (250) is supported on the guide wire (260) has a metallic fabric (270) extending between first and second ends (272, 274), medical devices ( one end of the 250) is adapted to slide along the guide wire (260). Metal fabric (270), both ends (272, 274) and a contracted state of being spaced apart from each other while along the guide wire (260) of the metal fabric (270), both ends of the metal fabric (270) (272, 274) is and a predetermined expanded state being arranged adjacent to one another. When released from the restriction of the vessel in the patient's body metal fabric (270) is elastically allowed to recover medical device (250) substantially in the expanded state.


In this manuscript, we introduce strong common limit range property for couples $(f,g)$ and $(S, T)$ and by means of this new concept we establish common fixed point results for hybrid pair via $(F,\varphi)$-contraction and rational type contraction conditions. Further, we give some examples to support and illustrate our result. Using the established results existence of solution to the system of integral and differential equations are also discussed. We provide example where the main theorem is applicable but relevant classic result in literature fail to have a common fixed point.


The repeatability and precision for determining the metabolizable energy of duck feedstuffs(corn,soybean meal,cottonseed meal and wheat bran) using bionic digestive system were investigated for testing whether this system can be used for determination of nutrient digestibility.The single factor completely randomized design was adopted for the repeatability experiments in the same and among the three bionic digestive systems.In each repeatability experiment,3 treatments(among 3 batches or 3 machines) with 10 replicates per feedstuff were used for determining the in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy.The results showed that the within-batch,between-batch and total coefficient of variation of the dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy of corn,soybean meal,cottonseed meal and wheat bran in the same bionic digestive system were all less than 1.40%,and the within-equipment,between-equipment and total coefficient of variation among these three bionic digestion systems were all less than 1.64%.The normality test and 95% confidence interval of dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy in 4 duck feedstuffs showed that the maximum absolute bias of repeated measures were controlled in 0.94%,1.00%,1.02% and 0.88% in dry matter digestibility and 0.18,0.29,0.18 and 0.24 MJ/kg in metabolizable energy of corn,soybean meal,cottonseed meal and wheat bran,respectively.In repeated determination,the maximum absolute bias of 85% observed data of dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy were not higher than 0.75% and 0.22 MJ/kg,respectively.According to the repeatability and precision of this experiment,a relatively high quantitative level for the determination of metabolizable energy of duck feedstuffs can be achieved using bionic digestion system.


Objective To explore the roles of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in infants with bronchiolitis.Methods The levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-αt were detected in 50 infants with broncHoliris during convalescence stage and acute stage, and compared with those of 20 healthy children as control group.Results The serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α during acute stage were significandy increased in comparison with those during convalescence stage(all P <0.05) ,but there was no significant difference between convalescence stage and normal control group(all P > 0.05).Conclusion The cytokines of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α maybe play an important role in the pathogeny of bronchiolitis.The serum levels of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α could be used to predict the degree of bronchiolitis in infants.

Key words:
Bronchiolitis;  IL-6;  IL-8 ;  TNF-α


This paper employs the method of intergenerational accounting raised by Auerbach et al in 1991 to analyze the effects of new rural social pension insurance plans on the sustainability of fiscal system.The simulation results show that the new rural social pension insurance system established according to current plan will not greatly increase the burden on the governments and the rate of the increase in the coverage of new rural social pension insurance system do not basically affect the burden of fiscal system.Because the cumulative funds in individual accounts are measured at one-year fixed deposit interest rate at present,the longevity risk of individual accounts bore by the governments is rather limited.The heavy burden of new rural social pension insurance system on the governments comes from the basic pension completely bore by the governments;and if the basic pension increases to the level in Shanghai,namely 135 RMB monthly,it will not lead to heavier burden on the governments.Therefore,the governments can raise the rate of the increase in the coverage of new rural social pension insurance system;under current fiscal income,the governments can increase the rural basic pension to the level in Shanghai,but the increasing range should not be further enlarged.


Preliminary work has shown the feasibility of a novel method of sizing wool yarns. The method is a nonaqueous, package-to-package technique in which a polymer size is applied to a yarn running through an air fluidized bed of powdered polymer, followed by in situ melting and air cooling. Some water soluble polymers that have properties suitable for application by this method have been investigated. Coated yarns have been produced with polymer add-on levels of 6% and 24% at treatment speeds of 70 and 40 meters/minute, respectively. Yarns treated with a water soluble polyester based polymer showed reduced hairiness and reduced incidence of fabric stitching faults in weaving trials.


The author of this paper does his research on the images of China in the works of the French poet Hernri Michaux. It proposes that Henri Michaux describes in his works the image of China and the Chinese people with great interest. His works gives a lot of valuable references to western people who are eager to know and learn China and its cultural heritage.


The discordancy test for multiple outliers is complicated by problems of masking and swamping. The key to the settlement of the question lies in the determination of k , i.e. the number of 'contaminants' in a sample. Great efforts have been made to solve this problem in recent years, but no effective method has been developed. In this paper, we present two ways of determining k , free from the effects of masking and swamping, when testing upper (lower) outliers in normal samples. Examples are given to illustrate the methods.


Cable-grade silicone rubber was aged thermally or by combining heat and gamma-ray radiation, and resultant changes in chemical, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties were examined. The experimental results obtained in these analyses are clearly consistent with the mechanism that silicone rubber is degraded by forming cross-linked structures via formation of abundant siloxane bonds. With further progress of degradation, decomposition becomes dominant. Reflecting these mechanisms, mechanical properties deteriorate dramatically by losing elasticity. Both the real and imaginary parts of complex permittivity decrease, which is a contrastive difference from typical ageing behaviour of organic insulating polymers. In addition, both the elongation at break and indenter modulus are good indicators of degradation of silicone rubber.


Chemoselective reduction of aldehydes in the presence of ketones was achieved using sodium tris(hexafluoroisopropoxy)borohydride which can be stored as a THF solution.


Abstract This paper investigates the drivers and facilitators of innovative and entrepreneurial activity in three New Zealand state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Illustrative cases reveal that those aspects typically associated with entrepreneurship, such as innovation, risk acceptance, pro-activeness and growth, are supported by a number of other elements within the public sector context studied. These elements include external drivers related to performance, including operational excellence and cost efficiency. They also comprise internal facilitators such as a more flexible culture, an investment in people, a focus on branding, and the deliberate application and transfer of knowledge. The implications are twofold. First, that innovation and entrepreneurship in the public sector can go beyond government policy-making, with the SOE model representing an important policy decision and sector of the New Zealand Government. And second, that the impact of several SOEs on international markets suggests competition on the global stage will increasingly come from both public and private sector organisations.


after annealing to 20 K, lnRT ' ' was found. These films did not exhibit superconductivity as measured resistively down to the lowest temperatures attainable (T1.5 K). The above-described behavior suggests that the Hg-Xe system exhibits a metal-nonmetal transition which occurs with a dependence on concentration and with a critical concentration close to that of continuous percolation in 3D. Beyond the percolation threshold, the systems acquire a negative TCR but are still superconductors. With further increase in Xe concentration, a regime in which the conductivity is dominated by hopping is entered. The approach to an insulating configuration beyond the percolation threshold is probably the Mott-Anderson transition of Refs. 2-4 and is accompanied by the eventual disappearance of superconductivity as determined resistively. The authors would like to thank R. Mikkelson for many helpful discussions. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. EY-V6-S-02-1569-A002.


We present a microscopic theory for the low temperature metamagnetic phase diagram of HoNi_2B_2C that agrees well with experiments.For the same model we determined the zero field ground state as a function of temperature and find the $c$-axis commensurate to incommensurate transition in the expected temperature range. The complex behaviour of the system originates from the competition between the crystalline electric field and the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction, whose effective form is obtained. No essential influence of superconductivity has to be invoked to understand the magnetic phase diagram of this material.