This research aims to review the percentage of manufacturing companies who listing on BEI  2016-2018 period are classified as manipulators, non-manipulators, and excluding manipulators and non-manipulators  uses seven index count known as Beneish Ratio Index.  The indexes are Days Sales in Receivable Index (DSRI), Gross Margin Index (GMI), Assets Quality Index (AQI), Sales Growth Index (SGI), Leverage Index (LVGI), Depreciation Index (DEPI), and Total Accrual To Total Assets Index (TATA). The research population is the whole company listing on the Indonesia stock exchange (BEI) 2016-2018 periods. Data collection method using documentation. The sample use non probability purposive judgement sampling, which samples are 25 companies in the above criteria. Detection by beneish ratio index, the results of research on manufacturing companies which listed 2016-2017 periods could be classified as manipulators are 12 % with the number of 3 companies, 2017-2018 periods is manipulators of 4 % with number of 1 company. 2016-2017 periods which as non-manipulators are 76 % with the number of 19 companies, 2017-2018 periods classified as non-manipulators are 88 % with the number of 22 companies. 2016-2017 periods classified as gray company are 12 % with the number of 3 companies, 2017-2018 periods as gray company are 8 % with the number of 2 companies. The ratio of the most determining the manipulation in this research is SGI , LVGI , and TATA. Keywords : Financial Statement Fraud, Manipulators, Non Manipulator, Gray Company, Beneish Ratio Index.


summary This response to Elliott's contribution to the ECER symposium questions the action research methodology of the ENSI project. It is argued that there are cultural and policy limitations associated with it. In conclusion, suggestions are made about future European research in the field.


The need for collaboration between individual scientificfields increases with the wish for more global engineeringoptimizations and assessment requirements. Since areas ofresearch become more and more fine-grained domains ofthere own, it is still very desirable to cooperate with otherexperts with more chance than ever to gain synergies whenscience is scattered as today. But this exchange of knowl-edge comes only into consideration if it can be used in asimple way with at most an moderate initial effort. To thisend a framework is developed that lets scientists easily useknowledge of others without the need to understand theirwork and technology completely. Furthermore a genericcommon data format based on XML technology is devel-oped for exchanging and storing data between differentdomain-specific applications. To support all implementers,a twofold abstraction layer was introduced to encapsulatetheir knowledge shielding it from the technical environment.


This paper addresses the issue of Cartesian space trajectory tracking control of robot arms with link flexibility. A control method using vision feedback is proposed based on dynamics of the robot and Lyapunov stability theory. A CCD camera and video tracker are used as a vision system for the measurement of end-effector position and link flexural behaviour in the control process. Using this vision system the end-effector position is measured directly, whereas the link deflections are measured indirectly based on kinematics and inverse kinematics of the flexible robot. End-effector trajectory tracking control experiments are carried out using a two-link flexible robot system as the test bed. The results demonstrate effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed sensing and control methods.


Since colonial times, the American professoriate has responded to mandates both from within the academy and beyond. First came teaching, then service, and finally, the challenge of research. In more recent years, faculty have been asked to blend these three traditions, but despite this idealized expectation, a wide gap now exists between the myth and the reality of academic life. Almost all colleges pay lip service to the trilogy of teaching, research, and service, but when it comes to making judgments about professional performance, the three rarely are assigned equal merit.

Today, when we speak of being "scholarly," it usually means having academic rank in a college or university and being engaged in research and publication. But we should remind ourselves just how recently the word "research" actually entered the vocabulary of higher education. The term was first used in England in the 1870s by reformers who wished to make Cambridge and Oxford "not only a place of teaching, but a place of learning," and it was later introduced to American higher education in 1906 by Daniel Coit Gilman.1 But scholarship in earlier times referred to a variety of creative work carried on in a variety of places, and its integrity was measured by the ability to think, communicate, and learn.

What we now have is a more restricted view of scholarship, one that limits it to a hierarchy of functions. Basic research has come to be viewed as the first and most essential form of scholarly activity, with other functions flowing from it. Scholars are academics who conduct research, publish, and then perhaps convey their knowledge to students or apply what they have learned. The latter functions grow out of scholarship, they are not to be considered a part of it. But knowledge is not necessarily developed in …


Modern technological advancements have a significant role in the evolution of contemporary science. For instance, series of mysteries have been resolved and some are in queue. So far, the best inve...


In recent years, LPWAN technology, designed to realize low-power and long distance communication, has attracted much attention. Among several LPWAN technologies, Long Range (LoRa) is one of the most competitive physical layer protocol. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is an upper layer protocol used with LoRa, and it provides several security functions including random number-based replay attack prevention system. According to recent studies, current replay attack prevention of LoRaWAN can mislead benign messages into replay attacks. To resolve this problem, several new replay attack prevention schemes have been proposed. However, existing schemes have limitations such as not being compatible with the existing packet structure or not considering an exceptional situation such as device reset. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new LoRaWAN replay attack prevention scheme that resolves these problems. Our scheme follows the existing packet structure and is designed to cope with exceptional situations such as device reset. As a result of calculations, in our scheme, the probability that a normal message is mistaken for a replay attack is 60-89% lower than the current LoRaWAN. Real-world experiments also support these results.


The runtime environments provided by application-level virtual machines such as the Java Virtual Machine or the .NET Common Language Runtime are attractive for Internet application providers becaus ...


Objective To analyze the prevalence of hospital acquired infection and the associated risk factors.Methods Nine hundred and three hospitalized preterm infants in our neonatal intensive care unit from August 2006 to October 2010 were retrospectively studied.Risk factors of hospital acquired infection were analyzed by single factor analysis and logistic regression analysis method.Site and pathogen of infection were also analyzed.Results One hundred and ten preterm infants developed 123 times of hospital acquired infection.The incidence of hospital acquired infection was 12.2%,and hospital acquired infection patient-day rates was 7.3‰.The mortality was 2.7%.Gestational age less than 32 weeks,birth weight less than 1500 gram,non-invasive ventilation,tracheal intubation,umbilical vein catheter(UVC),peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC),parenteral nutrition were the risk factors of hospital acquired infection.Logistic regression analysis showed mechanical ventilation,UVC and PICC were the main risk factors.The main sites of infection were sepsis(45.5%),low respiratory infection and conjunctivitis.Seventy positive culture samples were obtained.Bacteria were the main pathogen.Fifty percent was gram-staining positive,while 46% was gram-staining negative.Conclusion It is very important to identify the high risk factors for hospital acquired infection.Standardized management of preterm infants,standardized usage of umbilical vein catheter and peripherally inserted central catheter,minimized usage of intubation would be conductive to reduce the incidence of hospital acquired infection.

Key words:
Preterm infant;  Hospital acquired infection;  Risk factors


show me a picture book of sex for children and parents is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the show me a picture book of sex for children and parents is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Memory disorders are common in clinical practice. This review focuses on the rehabilitation of anterograde amnesia, the inability to learn and retrieve new information, in non-degenerative brain disease. Diverse mnemonic strategies may be helpful in learning specific pieces of information. Their success also depends on the severity of associated cognitive failures, in particular, executive dysfunction. However, unless transfer to everyday activities is specifically trained, such strategies are of limited value in promoting independence in daily life. External memory aids are often necessary to allow for independent living. Learning to use them requires intact capacities such as procedural learning or conditioning. This review further discusses the rehabilitation of confabulation, that is, the emergence of memories of events that never happened. The rehabilitation of memory disorders needs to be tailored to patients' individual capacities and needs.


It analyzes position and effect of the supervision engineer in construction field safety production management,describes the basis for the supervision engineer to get field construction safety production management,discusses procedures,method and work points of the field safety supervision work,and provides safety production management and control method in the construction process,so as to ensure safety of the construction field.


In order to reduce the number of steps of manufacturing the segment coil, the winding rectangular conductor (D), using the mold for manufacturing an arc section (Sa1), the crank portion (S4), and a fragment convex portion (S5) of segment coil method of manufacturing the coil (SC), the mold comprising an outer circumferential surface of the forming die (Ml), the inner circumferential surface of the forming die (M4) and an inner circumferential surface forming the lower mold (M2), the outer circumferential surface forming the lower mold ( M3), upper mold (M1) by an outer circumferential surface of the molding, the inner circumferential surface of the forming die (M4) and an inner circumferential surface forming the lower mold (M2), the outer circumferential surface forming the lower mold (M3) constraint flat conductor (D) having a when at least two surface of the outer peripheral surface, an arcuate portion (Sa1), the crank portion (S4), and a convex portion (S5).


The use of clusters of computers as an environment for high performance computing has been shown to be promising. However, the efficient use of such systems still requires advances that make the application development process be simpler and more productive. The development of cluster monitoring tools is essential to achieve this advances. We present PM/sup 2/P, a tool for use in clusters of personal computers that provides a graphic visualization of the temporal execution of distributed applications that use the MPI standard for message passing. The tool uses an approach involving the parallel port to read the time of events that occur in all different machines of a cluster. It also simulates the execution of task precedence graphs and allocates tasks of a graph to the machines of a cluster, among other functionalities.


(54) METHOD FOR USING EXTRACTED 4,450,531 A 5/1984 Kenyon et a1. FEATURES FROM AN ELECTRONIC WORK 4,454,594 A 6/1984 Heffron er a1~ _ 4,495,526 A 1/1985 Baranoff-Rosslne 4,499,601 A 2/1985 Matthews (75) Inventor: Ingemar J. Cox, London (GB) 4,511,917 A 4/l985 Kohler et a1' _ 4,547,804 A 10/1985 Greenberg (73) Ass1gnee: Network-1 Security Solutions, Inc., 4,634,966 A 1/1987 Nakataniet al. New York, NY (US) 4,639,779 A 1/1987 Greenberg 4,677,455 A 6/1987 Okajima ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (Continued) patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 8 days. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS


The differential cross sections of different alpha transfer reactions have been investigated by using the exact finite-range DWBA calculations. The double-folding density-dependent model is used for the real and imaginary nucleus-nucleus potential in the initial and final channels. The effective nucleon-nucleon interaction is assumed to be the double-Gaussian potential. The Yukawa interaction is found reasonable and exhibits a slight better agreement at energies above the barrier region. The obtained values of the extracted normalization factors are reasonable.


Abstract A multi-component target method for screening purposes to determine organic pollutants of different polarities in water is reported. The following classes of chemicals were tested: base-neutral and acidic herbicides, phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalic acid esters. Data was initially obtained from the extraction of one liter of water sample, using separate octyl bonded porous silica (C8) and highly crosslinked polystyrene based polymer columns (SDVB) cartridges. A second set of data was obtained using for the extraction a combined cartridge containing both phases. The analysis was carried out directly by GC-MS in SIM mode, without any derivatisation, with the exception of acidic herbicides, derivatised with pentafluorobenzylbromide. The obtained results showed recoveries between 75% and 98% at two different spiking levels, with relative standard deviations below 15%.


Heat distortion test is similar to that of tensile creep test except that the temperature increases at uniform rate.Under some range of loads and a constant heating rate, the textile fiber(e. g. hot drawn P. P. monofilament) shortens its length because the thermal shrinkage overcomes the creep. At the softening or heat distortion temperature, the textile fiber begins to stretch at a rapid rate over a narrow range of temperature.The maximum shrinkage and the load of heat distortion tests are similar to those of the thermal stress measurements, when the load under which the extension begines and this heat distortion temperature is equal to the maximum stress (fmax) and temperature (Tmax) of the thermal stress measurement.Comparing these two sorts of test, we obtained the following results:1. The relation between the load (P) and temperature under which the extension begins (T) satisfies the experimental formula: P=A•T+B, where both A and B are constants.This formula is similar in shape to that of thermal stress; i.e. fmax=K•Tmax+C, where both K and C are constants.2. Under the load equivalent to the value of fmax and the same heating rate as on thermal stress measurement, the fibers never shrink by heating until the maximum temperature in the thermal stress measurement.It is therefore, assumed that free thermal shrinkage and the creep under this load are just in equilibrium until the maximum temperature of thermal stress, and the free thermal shrinkage may be equivalent to the creep recovery introduced by A. Ribnick3).3. Four-parameter model (Fig. 10 can be applied to explain these phenomena, but the viscosity of dashpot η_??_ follows Bingham flow: η_??_={fe(Tmax-fmax)}/D, where fe(Tmax) is the equilibrium thermal stress at Tmax and D is the rate of shear.


Abstract This essay empasizes the dimensions of opticality in Freud's Beyond the Pleasure Principle and in Caruth's Parting Words. Thinking how to move from the 'o‐o‐o‐o' to the 'a‐a‐a‐a' central to the Fort/Da game, suggest that 'u' must be drawn into the creative act that inspires testimony, critical theory, psychoanalysis and love.


A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) based on Z-source converter is proposed in this paper. The modified Z-source converter used for the proposed DVR has features such as common ground between input and output, buck out-of-phase operation mode and buck/boost in-phase operation mode. The most important feature that distinguishes the proposed DVR from its counterparts is the ability to buck in-phase that make it possible to compensate for voltage sag under 50% without extra switches. The proposed Z-source converter has a coupled inductor. Therefore, in addition to the duty cycle by adjusting the turn ratio, the desired voltage is generated at the output. As a result, the proposed DVR can compensate for voltage sag and swell in a wide range. The Z-source converter is studied in various operation modes to calculate its voltage gain. The simulation results of the proposed DVR are presented to confirm its performance in PSCAD software.


The invention relates to a nuclear shell zeolite molecular sieve SRZ-1 with ZSM-5 core and b orientation Silicalite-1 shell, and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method mainly solves problems of no oriented growth and low cover degree of existing ZSM-5/silicalite-1 nuclear shell molecular sieve shell crystal face. A new SRZ-1 nuclear shell molecular sieve preparation method is adopted, so that problems existing in present material structure and synthetic technique are well solved. The SRZ-1 nuclear shell molecular sieve has a unique structure; and the preparation method has the advantages of simple and easy operation and the like, and can be used in industrial production.


Objectives:To investigate the relationship between true idiopathic sexual precocity and maturation index of vaginal exfoliate cell getting from 1~8 year-old girls who have shown up secondary sexuality.Methods:576 cases of vaginal discharge were stained with the paponicolaou stain method and observed under microscope in order to find out the change of vaginal squamous epithelial cell under the influence of estrogen.Results:There were 195 cases of true sexual precocity.Under the influence of mild,medium and high estrogen level,among vaginal cell maturation index,superficial layer cell occupied 13.51±2.65%,36.39±11.07%,82.19±10.46% respectively.There were 381 cases of simple breast development.Among vaginal cell maturation index,superficial layer cell occupied 3.28±2.45%,Conclusion:Vaginal exfoliates cell maturation index can be a simple and reliable method for detecting younger girls sexual precocity and monitoring the curative effect.


Older adults are recommended to increase their protein intake to maintain their muscle mass (1) . However, protein is considered the most satiating macronutrient and this recommendation may cause a decrease in total energy intake due to protein ' s satiating effects (2) . To date satiety studies comparing macronutrients have been undertaken in young adults and it is unclear if the same response is seen in older adults. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat, and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on energy intake and perceived appetite in younger and older adults. Twenty older (70.2 (SD 3.8) years; body mass index (BMI) 25.1 (SD 2.9) kg/m 2 ) and 20 younger (27.7 (SD 3.7) years; BMI 22.42 (SD 2.6) kg/m 2 ) adults completed a single-blinded randomised crossover trial involving three study visits. Three hours after consuming a standard breakfast, participants con-sumed a preload milkshake high in either carbohydrate, fat, or protein. Three hours after the preload, participants were offered an ad-libitum meal. Perceived appetite was assessed before breakfast and every 30 minutes throughout the test days using a 100 mm visual analogue scale. To assess total daily energy intake, participants were asked to record their food intake using a weighed food diary for the rest of the day. There was no difference in height, weight, basal metabolic rate, and hip circumference between the two groups. Age, BMI, and waist circumference of the older group were signi fi cantly higher than the younger group (p < 0.05). No difference was found between younger and older adults ' energy intake either in the ad-libitum


This paper designs a PID control system based on the BP neural network. The control system can adjust three adjustable parameters of PID controller through BP neural network algorithm. The main steam temperature control system of the thermal power plant was taken as the object, and simulation analysis was performed through MATLAB. The experimental results show that the design scheme has good performance and anti-interference ability, and has certain practicability to the main steam temperature control system of thermal power plant.


We introduce a problem in which demands arrive stochastically on a line segment, and upon arrival, move with a fixed velocity perpendicular to the segment. We design a receding horizon service policy for a vehicle with speed greater than that of the demands, based on the translational minimum Hamiltonian path (TMHP). We consider Poisson demand arrivals, uniformly distributed along the segment. For a fixed segment width and fixed vehicle speed, the problem is governed by two parameters; the demand speed and the arrival rate. We establish a necessary condition on the arrival rate in terms of the demand speed for the existence of any stabilizing policy. We derive a sufficient condition on the arrival rate in terms of the demand speed that ensures stability of the TMHP-based policy. When the demand speed tends to the vehicle speed, every stabilizing policy must service the demands in the first-come-first-served (FCFS) order; and the TMHP-based policy becomes equivalent to the FCFS policy which minimizes the expected time before a demand is serviced. When the demand speed tends to zero, the sufficient condition on the arrival rate for stability of the TMHP-based policy is within a constant factor of the necessary condition for stability of any policy. Finally, when the arrival rate tends to zero for a fixed demand speed, the TMHP-based policy becomes equivalent to the FCFS policy which minimizes the expected time before a demand is serviced. We numerically validate our analysis and empirically characterize the region in the parameter space for which the TMHP-based policy is stable.


A human gait has fractal properties, and its variability can be described by detrended fluctuation analysis. This method was used to research the effect of physical exercise on the subject's gait. It was supposed that after physical exercise (such as running) usual walking rhythm would change for each participant individually as they all had different physical conditioning.


Context Clinicians and patients need simple, feasible ways to distinguish urge urinary incontinence from stress urinary incontinence. Contribution In this multicenter study, specialists evaluated and diagnosed incontinence in 301 middle-aged and older women who reported 3 or more episodes per week for at least 3 months. The authors developed a 3-item, self-administered questionnaire to classify women as having urge incontinence or stress incontinence. The answers to the questionnaire increased the likelihood of a final diagnosis of urge incontinence (positive likelihood ratio, 3.29) and stress incontinence (positive likelihood ratio, 2.13). Implications Asking patients some simple and quick questions may help clinicians distinguish urge urinary incontinence from stress urinary incontinence. The Editors Nearly 35% of women older than 40 years of age have urinary incontinence, which is associated with increased social isolation, falls, fractures, and admissions to specialized nursing units (1-3). Diagnosis and treatment of this common condition by primary care physicians would be optimal. Incontinence is generally classified as urge (urine leakage with the urge to urinate), stress (urine leakage when straining, coughing, or exercising), mixed (both types), or other uncommon types of incontinence (such as neurogenic and overflow). While both urge and stress incontinence may improve with behavioral interventions, such as bladder training, urge incontinence is effectively treated with antimuscarinic or anticholinergic medications (4, 5) and stress incontinence is treated with pelvic muscle exercises and surgery (6, 7). Because treatment differs, it is important to distinguish urge incontinence from stress incontinence. To distinguish urge from stress incontinence, current guidelines recommend a history, voiding diary, test for urinary tract infection, neurologic and pelvic examination, measurement of postvoid residual urine volume, and a cough stress test (8, 9). Completion of these tests is time-consuming, invasive, and expensive and is generally not feasible in primary care practice. On the basis of previous research (10, 11) and expert clinical opinion, we developed a brief, self-administered questionnaire to distinguish urge from stress incontinence that includes 3 questions (the 3 Incontinence Questions [3IQ]) and requires about 30 seconds to complete. To estimate the accuracy of the 3IQ, we conducted a prospective study among ambulatory women with incontinence at 5 academic medical centers in the United States. Methods The Diagnostic Aspects of Incontinence Study (DAISy) was a prospective multicenter study. We enrolled participants from April 2004 to December 2004 at the Loyola University of Chicago; University of Alabama at Birmingham; University of California, San Francisco (UCSF); University of Iowa, Iowa City; and University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. We selected these 5 U.S. clinical sites because of their broad experience with diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence and the availability of a clinically active urologist or urogynecologist. We designed the study to assess the reproducibility and accuracy of the 3IQ, with an extended evaluation as the gold standard, in classifying a broad spectrum of urinary incontinence by type. The local investigational review boards of the 5 clinical sites and of UCSF, where the study was coordinated, approved the study protocol. All participants provided written informed consent. Participants We recruited women through newspaper advertisements and flyers (93.7%) and from urology and gynecology clinics (6.3%). Interested participants called trained research assistants, who screened the women over the telephone by using a standardized script. We chose eligibility criteria to define a community-dwelling sample of women with incontinence who were appropriate for evaluation and treatment in primary care settings. Eligible women were ambulatory, were 40 years of age or older, reported 3 or more episodes of incontinence per week for at least 3 months, did not have urinary tract infection, and were bothered enough by their incontinence to seek treatment. We excluded women with incontinence who had complex problems that were more appropriate for specialist referral, including 4 or more urinary tract infections in the preceding year; pregnancy within 6 months; previous anti-incontinence or urethral surgery or procedures; previous major pelvic or abdominal surgery; pelvic radiation within 6 months; or known diseases of the genitourinary tract, such as lower urinary tract or rectal fistula, congenital abnormality leading to incontinence, interstitial cystitis, severe symptomatic pelvic prolapse, current or past urogenital cancer, spinal cord lesions, multiple sclerosis, stroke with clinically significant residual disability, Parkinson disease, or other major central nervous system abnormality affecting the lower urinary tract. Since we wanted to test the accuracy of the 3IQ in distinguishing between urge and stress incontinence in women with newly identified incontinence and no previous evaluation, we also excluded women who had been treated for incontinence in the previous 3 months. Measurements At the initial visit, participants completed the 3IQ questionnaire without assistance (Figure 1). The first question establishes that incontinence has occurred in the past 3 months. The second question familiarizes the women with the types of incontinence: stress (associated with physical activity), urge (associated with the feeling of urge or the need to empty the bladder), or other (occurs without activity or urge to empty the bladder). The third question determines the category of incontinence: stress, urge, other, or mixed (stress and urge equally). Figure 1. The 3 Incontinence Questions ( 3IQ ). Participants also completed questionnaires on age, race or ethnicity, education, menopause status, parity, previous hysterectomy, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, overall health status, age of onset of incontinence, and duration (in years) of incontinence. A dipstick urinalysis was performed. To determine the reproducibility of the 3IQ, participants completed a second 3IQ questionnaire at home, 7 to 10 days after the initial administration. After completing the second questionnaire, participants completed a 3-day voiding diary at home. To assess the severity of incontinence and effect on quality of life, we asked participants to complete the Sandvik Severity Scale and a condition-specific quality-of-life instrument, the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form (IIQ-7), at a second visit. These instruments have been shown to be reliable, responsive to change over time, and valid and are widely used in incontinence research (12-14). The Sandvik Severity Scale is calculated from frequency and amount of urine loss on a scale of 1 to 12 (mild, 1 to 2; moderate, 3 to 6; severe, 8 to 9; or very severe, 12). The IIQ-7 is scored on a scale of 0 to 100, with a higher score representing greater negative effect on quality of life. Each participant also underwent an extended evaluation that included a medical, surgical, reproductive, and incontinence history; review of all medications; physical examination, including evaluation of sacral nerves 2 to 4 (deep tendon reflexes, anal wink, perineal sensation, and bulbocavernosus reflex); pelvic examination; cough stress test; measurement of postvoid residual volume (by catheter or ultrasonography); and review of the participant's completed 3-day voiding diary. A urologist or urogynecologist at each clinical site supervised or performed the extended evaluation by using the site's own standard approach. One specialist performed all extended evaluations at 3 sites, 1 site used 2 specialists (University of Iowa), and 1 site used 3 specialists (Loyola University of Chicago). The urologist, urogynecologist, and supervised clinicians were blinded to the results of the 3IQ. The urologist or urogynecologist reviewed all elements of the extended evaluation and used clinical judgment to classify the participant by using the typical clinical categories of urge-only, urge-predominant, stress-only, stress-predominant, mixed, or other incontinence. We sent the complete records of the extended evaluation (without the final clinical classification) to a randomly selected second specialist at another DAISy clinical site for review. The second specialist independently classified the type of incontinence. If disagreement about type of incontinence occurred, the 2 specialists discussed the case and arrived at a consensus diagnosis. Eighty-three disagreements in diagnosis required discussion for a consensus diagnosis. To be consistent with the categories based on the 3IQ (stress, urge, other, or mixed), we combined the extended evaluation categories of urge-only and urge-predominant incontinence as urge incontinence and the stress-only and stress-predominant incontinence categories as stress incontinence. Investigators and study staff monitored serious adverse events (such as life-threatening condition, cancer, or inpatient hospitalization). They asked participants about serious adverse events, recorded any reported event on a standardized form, and faxed the form to the UCSF coordinating center within 24 hours for review. Treatment to improve both urge and stress incontinence is typically given to women with mixed incontinence. Thus, to test the accuracy of the 3IQ for selection of appropriate treatment, we assessed the accuracy of the questionnaire with respect to the extended evaluation (or gold standard test) to identify women with urge or mixed incontinence (vs. any other type of incontinence) and those with stress or mixed incontinence (vs. any other type of incontinence). Statistical Analysis We used the statistic, comparing the first and second set of 3IQ results to assess reproducibility (15). A statistic of 0.75 or greater indicates ex


We start with the definition of experimental data. First place we consider the controllable variables, whose levels are established by technical production experts with regard to a theoretic "model" defining the production components, their connections and working rules in sight of the envisaged achievements. Then, the responses or results of production activities, which typically show random variability. The controllable variables are used to regulate the means of their distributions and aspects of variability (Taguchi approach). An information system represents a data collection, which is directed to specific purposes like: financial control, accounting control, personnel control, business control, production control, framed around production programs, control of production lines and related maintenance, quality control, framed around control of nonconformities regarding some specification limits and ensuring product good quality over time. Qualitative guidelines for choosing the data for a quality control information system are that it must be as near as possible to a sufficient system which means that it is capable of explaining any nonconformity in a product characteristic, as well as being complete, that is, such that it is also capable of suggesting how to remove them. In a natural way quality control implies a dynamic approach based on a systematic improvement of production activities, starting from specific reference conditions. We consider two examples appropriated to explain the fundamentals of a methodology useful to cope with this complex subject. The first example refers to a real industrial application regarding the process control of polyvinyl chloride production, found in literature [9]. The second example concerns the distribution process of perishable goods, which is considered to be an innovation. In this case we suppose that there is a finite set of operating situations (points of sale) and that we can define an indicator Q=Q1 /c = Quality of a reference product/a corresponding economic quantity (cost or earning). In the case considered, by means of the ordering of the ratios total cost/total earning, we come to the most profitable situation.


This paper introduces a new approach to localize user devices located in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) areas using a passive, non-reconfigurable, and frequency-selective metasurface called metaprism. By analyzing the spatial filtering of subcarriers in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal transmitted by each user device, the base station can estimate the device's angle of view, distance, and subsequently its position. Two different criteria are proposed for designing the frequency response of the metaprism, depending on whether the users operate in the far-field or near-field region of the metaprism. Simulation results in the millimeter-wave band demonstrate that the system can achieve an accuracy of less than 2 degrees in angle estimation and in the order of decimeters in position estimation.


On the basis of research done we can say that operation of State bank in Siberia was directed by Finance Department. The key reason of the increase of finance in the region in the beginning of the XX century is the change of the government's policy. This defines the role of State bank in the process of development of Siberia


The meaning of "Fu" is good fortune."Fu" is a important concept in the ancient Chinese philosophy "Li" "Kun" "Zhen" "Dui" in the symbols of diagrams.There are some inportant coucepts joined "Fu" in the text of Book of changes,such as "Ja" "Qing" "Xi" "Yu" and so on.


A tube using a cathode‐ray type of electron gun has been used to study the properties of five phosphor samples using four different materials. These were (1) zinc‐orthosilicate (2) calcium‐tungstate (3) zinc‐sulfide: cadmium‐sulfide and (4) zinc‐sulfide. The first three showed saturation effects with current density definitely greater than the last, and the first two have maximum potentials as limited by secondary emission of 6500 and 5000 volts respectively. For these, the light output per unit electron current increased with the square of the voltage, while it increased with the 2.8 power of the voltage for the zinc‐sulfide. A simple power law does not hold for the zinc‐sulfide: cadmium‐sulfide which shows a maximum light output at 8000 volts. All of the sulfides had such good secondary emission properties that the maximum limiting potential was well above 10,000 volts.


[Objective] To investigate the effects of the expression of HO-1 in cerebral tissues of rat after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.[Methods] 2 hours right intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion was induced in 20 rats,and the specimen of brain were performed at the point after 24 hours reperfusion;expressions of HO-1were detected by genechip profile and RT-PCR method.[Results] Expressions of HO-1 were seen sparsely in the control specimens,and were markly increased afer transient focal cerebal ischemia and reperfusion(P0.01).[Conclusion] Expression of HO-1 is a significant response to transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and contributes to the early formasion of vasogenic edema that can be observed all parts of brains.


Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. Because little is known about the chain of events that mediate inflammatory changes in the adipose tissue, we conducted a time course of obesity progression in C57BL/6J mice. Male weanlings were fed either a high fat (HF) diet or a low fat (LF) control diet. Every 2 weeks we measured: body composition; serum glucose, insulin and leptin; mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in epididymal adipose tissue (EpAT); macrophage infiltration of EpAT. At week 8, the HF group had twice the fat mass of the LF group. Significantly, this coincided with the appearance of an elevated fasting leptin and glucose level, and an increase in MCP‐1 and MIP‐1α gene expression in EpAT. There were no differences in mRNA levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, or IL‐6 in EpAT. Beginning at week 10, the HF group had more F4/80‐expressing macrophages in crown‐like structures within the EpAT. The HF group became insulin resistant at week 14 and had 3 times more body fat compared to the LF group. We conclude that prior to the appearance of insulin resistance, the increased fat mass and fasting leptin induced by a high fat diet cause adipocytes to express MIP‐1α and MCP‐1 which initiates macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue and a subsequent inflammatory state.


Abstract With the emerging trend of big data and internet-of-things, sensors with compact size, low cost and robust performance are highly desirable. Spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems enable measurement of spectral and 3D information of the ambient environment. These systems have been widely applied in different areas including environmental monitoring, autonomous driving, biomedical imaging, biometric identification, archaeology and art conservation. In this review, modern applications of state-of-the-art spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems in the past decade have been summarized and presented. Furthermore, the progress in the development of compact spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing systems has also been reviewed. These systems are based on the nanophotonics technology. The most updated research works on subwavelength scale nanostructure-based functional devices for spectral imaging and optical frequency comb-based LIDAR sensing works have been reviewed. These compact systems will drive the translation of spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing from table-top toward portable solutions for consumer electronics applications. In addition, the future perspectives on nanophotonics-based spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing are also presented.


Report of a seminar on voting behaviour in the 1985 elections to the Punjab Legislature with a statistical summary. It analyzes the trends in voting behaviour and other aspects of the electoral process. Panchayat Politics and Community Development, Edited by A. K. Majumdar, Bhanwar Singh Published By Radha Publications 4378/4B, Ansari Road, Darya Gang New Delhi,


Objective
To explore the effects of tube voltage on the image quality and radiation dose of paranasal sinus CT on a 16 cm wide-detector CT.

Methods
The sinus area of head specimen was scanned with sequential scanning mode and tube voltages of 70, 80, 100, 120 and 140 kV, respectively. The parameters were set as follows: NI=9, automatic tube current modulation, Smart mA with the maximum range at the corresponding tube voltage, 120 mm detector width. The images were reconstructed with bone and soft tissue algorithms separately.The slice thickness was 0.625 mm for all reconstructed images. The axial, coronal and sagittal images were reformatted as 2 mm thickness with clinical baseline. The CT value and standard deviation (SD) were measured in the region of interest(ROI) of central axial image and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated. The volume CT dose index(CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded, and the figure of merit (FOM) of images was computed. The images obtained in the study were subjectively evaluated by two experienced radiologists and one technician using a five-point scoring system.

Results
The subjective evaluation of images obtained in the study met the diagnostic requirements. With the reconstruction of bone algorithm, the CNR at the tube voltages of 100 and 80 kV were 66.98 and 64.75, respectively, which was significantly higher than those at the tube voltages of 70, 120 and 140 kV (51.61, 61.56 and 57.76, respectively). The maximum and minimum CTDIvol were 34.11 mGy at 140 kV and 17.45 mGy at 70 kV. The FOM value was 152.26 at 100 kV. With the reconstruction of soft tissue algorithm, the maximum CNR was 195.62 at 80 kV, which was markedly greater than those at 70, 100, 120 kV and 140 kV (139.46, 154.49, 148.06 and 155.58 respectively). The maximum FOM value was 1273.56 at 80 kV, which was significantly higher than those at the tube voltages of 70, 100, 120 kV and 140 kV (1114.56, 809.98, 735.63 and 709.62, respectively).

Conclusions
For the sinus CT of head specimen, the scan protocols with 100 kV combined with bone reconstruction algorithm and 80 kV combined with soft tissue reconstruction algorithm can provide relatively lower radiation dose and good image quality.

Key words:
CT; Paranasal sinus; Tube voltage; Radiation dose


A system for a real-time selective herbicide applicator was developed. The system worked under natural light conditions without any assistant lighting device. A fast color-based weed detection technique was developed using a non-green subtraction procedure along with a conventional offset excessive green procedure. The experimental results showed that integrating these two techniques improves the robustness and weed detection accuracy of the system. In addition, the precision of the system was enhanced by increasing the command rates of the system controller. With the higher command rate, the number of detected weed groups was increased from 84.38 to 93.75%.


Purpose – This paper seeks to present a fully digital, real‐time (RT) hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulator on PC‐cluster, of electric systems and drives for research and education purposes; to use the developed system to conduct several motor drives implementation and to evaluate the motor and the control algorithm performance in RT.Design/methodology/approach – This simulator was developed with the aim of meeting the simulation needs of electromechanical drives and power electronics systems while solving the limitations of traditional RT simulators. This simulator has two main subsystems, software and hardware. The two subsystems were coordinated together to achieve the RT simulation. The software subsystem includes MATLAB/Simulink environment, a C++ compiler and RT shell. The hardware subsystem includes FPGA data acquisition card, the control board, the sensors, and the controlled motor.Findings – The complexity of RT implementation of motor drives is greatly reduced by utilizing this simulator. The det...


The paper presents a flexural strength comparison of hybrid epoxy composites with different reinforcing phases and amounts of used fillers. As the reinforcement, carbon fiber was used in mat and fabric forms. As the matrix, an epoxy resin and a mixture of the epoxy resin with a filler in the form of coal fly ash was used. The samples were produced according to the PN-EN ISO 178 standard and bending stress values of the studied composites were determined. The work is a part of studies related to selecting material for the hull of an innovative yacht with a hybrid drive, fueled by renewable energy sources, in the scope of the "RepSail" project in the "Era Net Future Travelling" contest realized at the Maritime University of Szczecin.


This book consists of an introductory chapter (p. 32), followed by: Chapter 2, Distorted Saturated Hydrocarbons (p. 70); Chapter 3, Distorted Alkenes (p. 44); Chapter 4, Strained Aromatic Molecules (p. 57); Chapter 5, Fullerenes (p. 129); Chapter 6, Carbon Nanotubes (p. 39); Chapter 7, Angle-Strained Cycloalkynes (p. 23); Chapter 8, Molecules with Labile Bonds: Selected Annulenes and Bridged Homotropillidenes (p. 26); Chapter 9, Molecules with Nonstandard Topological Properties: Centrohexaindane, Kuratowski's Cyclophane and other GraphTheoretically Nonplanar Molecules (p. 23); Chapter 10, Short-Lived Species Stabilized in ''Molecular or Supramolecular Flasks'' (p. 10); and Chapter 11, Concluding Remarks (p. 3). There is a useful index at the end, in the style of the classic, sixties-vintage Cram and Hammond undergraduate textbook, the book's front cover depicts some fascinating known and challenging unknown strained hydrocarbonsfurther challenges to the chemical community appear in Chapters 1 and 11. The Editor has attracted 42 strong contributing authors. The chapter arrangement is somewhat unconventional in that different sections of an individual chapter are sometimes contributed by different authors. Although there must in a book such as this one be some degree of repetition there appear to be over 2000 literature references, most of these from the past three decades, including some from 2008. In both organization and extnt of coverage, it is reminiscent of and a suitable successor to Stained Organic Molecules (Greenberg and Liebman, 1978). Strained Hydrocarbons can almost be regarded as a ''book within a book'' in that about one third of it is devoted to fullerenes and nanotubes, chemical species unrecognized until the 1980s and early 1990s. These chapters do fall logically after chapters on distorted alkenes and strained aromatic molecules. The decision as to whether the balance between the fullerene carbon nanotube chapters and the rest of the volume is appropriate, this reviewer leaves to the reader. One wishes that there were more ''cross-cutting'' coverage in the book. For example, substituent effects on strained molecules furnish means for extending the range of isolability of molecules through steric effects (tetra-tert-butyltetrahedrane is a great example) and=or by electronic effects (trimethylsilyl derivatives of tetrahedranes). There is relatively light systematic discussion of the sources of strain. One very interesting topic given virtually no treatment is the role of calorimetry. One school of thought is that modern ab initio calculations have uncertainties comparable to intrinsic experimental uncertainties in calorimetry, thus rendering calorimetry unnecessary. Another school of thought is that excellent calorimetry on unusual chemical species remains necessary in order to validate levels of computation. The Editor has provided some nice historical background and context to the field as well as to basic chemical research and the derived technological bonuses: cubane (high-density explosives); rotaxanes and catenanes (nano-switches); fullerenes Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 517: pp. 184–185, 2010 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1542-1406 print=1563-5287 online DOI: 10.1080/15421400903483924


Objective The anti-tumor mechanism of pleurotes sapidus on 4 kinds of tumor cell lines (Q 3,MGC-803,Hela,SPC-A-1) was studied.Methods Four tumor cell lines were cultured in vitro.The expression of p53 was investigated by FACS techniques after treated by water extract or ethanol extract from pleurotes sapidus with doses 10 -1 -10 -3 ?g/ml.Results Experimental study of MTT and HT were used to determine the antitumor effects of pleurotas sapidus on inducing apoptosis of cancer cells.The incidence rates of apoptosis were remarkably increased after treated 12 hours and 24 hours by ethanol extract(0.1?g/ml) and water extract(0.1?g/ml).The effects of ethanol extract and water extract on expression of p53 gene related to apoptosis were examined by FACS technique.The expression of p53 protein in the groups of ethanol extract and water exract after treated 12 hours and 24 hours were significantly increased.Conclusion The anti-tumor effect of pleurotas sapidus was evident,and its mechanisms was probably involved in the regulation of apoptosis by inducing the gene expressions relating to apoptosis,and up-adjustment improving apoptosis gene expression(p53).


Summary Of 123 albino mice of strain ST/Eh with skin papillomas induced by one painting with 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene, 65 were injected topically with 17-hydroxycorticosterone-21-acetate (hydrocortisone, compound F) once weekly for 7 weeks. Fifty-eight controls received injections of physiological saline solution. Eight weeks after the first injection 83 per cent of the tumors of the treated mice and 36 per cent of the tumors of the control mice had disappeared. Topical treatment of the experimental tumors caused unmistakable regression. The strongest response to hydrocortisone was noted in the female mice.


Three-dimensional modeling is a key technology in many fields of research and application. In recent years, the application of three-dimensional architectural design visualization is widely used worldwide, which makes significant progress in terms of data models, visualization, 3D topological relations research. Due to the complexity of the own spatial structure of architectural design, by using virtual reality technology and combination of the surface characteristics of the entity modeling and structural modeling, the idea and implementation process of architectural design three-dimensional virtual model algorithm are described in detail. This article discusses the whole process of integrated CAD system's basic design, architecture and implementation techniques. This system has features of high integration, strong applicability, high reliability, able to complete the whole process of architectural design work, with a wide range of application prospects.


Fig. I-Effect of deposition potential on galvanic stripping determination of 1O~6M of zinc (0.1 M acetic acid buffer + 0.25 M NaCl, pH 5, deposition time (td) = 4 min) o Galvanic stripping analysis A suitable aliquot (upto 40 ml) of sample solution containing ~ 650 ppb of zinc was taken and to this were added the supporting electrolyte solution (5 ml), and aq. sodium chloride (2.5 ml), and the volume made upto 50 ml with conductivity water. The solution was transferred to the electrochemical cell and deaerated with N2 for 15 min. After depositing for 4 min at 1.4 V, stripping was carried out by keeping the potentiostat in open circuit selection mode, i.e. where counter electrode was disconnected from the three-electrode cell. The potential time (E-t) profiles which represented the variation of the working c~lectrode potential versus reference electrode on x··t recorder were drawn. The time of stripping formed the analytical signal of GSA. The concentration of zinc was calculated from calibration curve prepared for 6.5 to 650 ng/ml of zinc following the same procedure. Preliminary studies revealed that zinc formed on mercury film glassy carbon electrode (MFGCE) during pre-concentration step dissolves when the potentiostat was kept in open circuit position (where counter electrode was disconnected and a resistanc;;e of 1011 ohm existed between working and reference electrodes in the external circuit) in the absence of any imposed stripping conditions, viz. external electrical pH 2.5). After standing overnight the residue was washed thoroughly using small portions of 2% acetic acid. The filtrate and washings were combined, evaporated to a small volume and the volume made upto 50 ml with water. Rapid Galvanic Stripping Determination of Zinc


Following the 2nd release of the "Emerging PV reports," the best achievements in the performance of emerging photovoltaic devices in diverse emerging photovoltaic research subjects are summarized, as reported in peer‐reviewed articles in academic journals since August 2021. Updated graphs, tables, and analyses are provided with several performance parameters, e.g., power conversion efficiency, open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, fill factor, light utilization efficiency, and stability test energy yield. These parameters are presented as a function of the photovoltaic bandgap energy and the average visible transmittance for each technology and application, and are put into perspective using, e.g., the detailed balance efficiency limit. The 3rd installment of the "Emerging PV reports" extends the scope toward triple junction solar cells.


In this paper, the author will start from the necessity of agricultural vehicle insurance system construction, analysis of the current situation of China's agricultural vehicle insurance problems, analysis of the existing problems, put forward additional insurance network, promote the participation of commercial insurance companies and other suggestions.


A fully 3D printed meta-material based Luneburg lens operating at 60 GHz is presented. The meta-material design is discussed and the permittivity tuning based on the physical structure is discussed. On that basis a realized Luneburg lens is presented demonstrating the degrees of freedom offered by the emerging technology of rapid prototyping for passive millimeter wave component design.


In order to obtain a permanent magnet hub motor for vehicles with wide high-efficiency area, the dimensional equations of the direct design for the outer rotor hub motor considering the influence of non-ideal waveforms are derived in this paper. Based on the distribution of the working point of the load map, the weight coefficient is introduced, and the idea of "equivalent efficiency" is adopted to rapidly evaluate the high-efficiency index of the motor working area. Taking an outer rotor hub motor running under NEDC for example, the analytical method is used to optimize the size of the prototype and analyze the influence of multi-parameters on the high-efficiency area of the motor. Finally, a 36-slot 48-pole outer rotor hub motor was optimized. The experimental results of the prototype were in great agreement with the finite element simulation data which verified the feasibility of the method.


Oiling-out, also termed as demixing or liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), frequently occurs in the crystallization process of pharmaceuticals and normally results in slow crystal growth, uncontrollable crystal morphology, and low purity of products. In this work, the oiling-out and cooling crystallization of idebenone were investigated. The cooling crystallization and the purity of its products were found to depend upon whether an oiling-out occurred in the course of cooling. At low initial concentrations (e.g., 12 mg/mL), oiling-out did not take place, and the crystallization products possessed higher purity. At moderate initial concentrations (e.g., 25 mg/mL) small quantities of oil droplets formed and then coalesced into larger droplets, which subsequently crystallized into products with lower purity. When high initial concentrations (e.g., 31 mg/mL) were employed, large quantities of oil droplets formed a stable oil phase, and thus no products could be harvested. In addition to initial concentrati...


An important approach in the evaluation of crystalline wasteforms for nuclear waste storage is to study the long term stabilities of closely related radioactive mineral species which have become metamict (radiation damaged) and have been exposed to weathering processes for geologic periods of time. The metamictization and alteration effects can then be used for comparison with the results of short term laboratory leaching and irradiation experiments which have been designed to simulate long term effects. Phosphates, the Ti-Nb-Ta complex oxide minerals and various selected silicates are natural analogues for phases in proposed radioactive wasteforms. Because of the geochemical similarities with wasteforms, a study of the metamict state and annealing in complex mineral phosphates, silicates and oxides will yield data that is important in evaluating the long term stability of radioactive wasteforms. The investigation reported here is an application of EXAFS and XANES spectroscopy to the study of the structure of the metamict state. The nearest neighbor environment of Ti and Ca in metamict AB/sub 2/O/sub 6/-type complex oxides has been examined using SSRL Beam Line VII-3 in order to evaluate the effect of alpha-recoil damage on these structures. Comparison of the EXAFS/XANES data for metamict samples with data for annealedmore » and crystalline samples suggests minor changes in the first coordination sphere, Ca-O or Ti-O, (a slight decrease in coordination number and bond lengths, and increased distortion of the coordination polyhedron), but major disruption of the second coordination sphere, for the material in the metamict state. These data suggest a mechanism for the transition from the crystalline to the metamict state in which tilting of cation coordiantion polyhedra is a possible effect of damage caused by alpha-recoil events.« less


Aiming at the slow updating speed and low updating efficiency of 1∶50,000 topographical maps,it uses SPOT 5 panchromatic images and SPOT 5 multispectral images as the main spatial information data.After the making of DLG and a series of images processing such as enhancement,registration,merging and orth-correction,it has completed the quick updating of 1:50000 topographic maps and the basic GIS database of Beijing based on ArcGIS successfully.


An HPLC method for simultaneous determination of oxysophocarpine,sophoridine,and matrine was proposed.VP-ODS column(150 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) was used in the experiment.Column temperature was 40 ℃,mobile phase was 0.01 mol /L phosphate buffer solution(pH 8.5)-methanol(40 ∶ 60),UV detection wavelength was 215nm,and flow rate was 1.0 mL /min.The results indicated that the three kinds of alkaloid were separated effectively and showed good linearity within the selected concentration range.


A metal-free access to 2-iodo-1,3-disubstituted indolizines has been developed. The proposed synthesis is relatively simple and efficient and involves the iodine-triggered 5-endo-trig cyclization of 2-pyridylallene precursors. While it can be conducted on a gram scale, the preparation of the precursors is straightforward and does not always require intermediate purifications. The obtained 2-iodoindolizines can be further functionalized through cross-coupling reactions.


Subtitle: The owners of small containerships have been enjoying the benefits of a boom market in the past two to three years, with much higher charter income and continuing strong demand.


Explanations of difference across East and West are often over-simplified, invoking unquestioned assumptions about traditional culture and about current global geo-politics. This paper seeks alternative explanations, based upon text analysis and upon the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu. Two texts, arising out the United Nations Copenhagen climate summit (7th-18th December 2009), are chosen representing two sides of an argument about summit outcomes. These texts are analyzed using a three-dimensional model, firstly at the level of text and secondly at the level of discursive practice, through extended meanings from the text itself and then through meanings from the literature on East-West analysis. Thirdly, it is analyzed at the level of social practice, through the theory and social philosophy of Pierre Bourdieu. This identifies "East" and "West" having distinct field-habitus arrangements, but explains how differences may be viewed as "misrecognitions" and how a common logic applies across both.


Let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k. In a recent paper, Bate, Martin, R\"ohrle and Tange show that every (smooth) subgroup of G is separable provided that the characteristic of k is very good for G. Here separability of a subgroup means that its scheme-theoretic centralizer in G is smooth. Serre suggested extending this result to arbitrary, possibly non-smooth, subgroup schemes of G. The aim of this note is to prove this more general result. Moreover, we provide a condition on the characteristic of k that is necessary and sufficient for the smoothness of all centralizers in G. We finally relate this condition to other standard hypotheses on connected reductive groups.


a simple barrier between two fields. The change in viewpoint has come from a better appreciation of the needs for conservation of soil and wildlife. The fence is an enduring aid to guide contour tillage where used to divide fields farmed on the contour. If suitable woody vegetation is established along a fencerow, ideal travel lanes and food patches are established for wildlife. Fields with hedges may support 60 per cent more pheasants than those fields without hedges, and those bordered by brush or shrubs have larger song-bird populations than where clean fence lines prevail. There is also some indication that insect populations, particularly grasshoppers and chinchbugs, are smaller in areas that contain field borders. A four-year study by W. P. Flint of Illinois showed similar relationships between birds and insects for clean-farmed areas as compared with those bordered by well-protected woody vegetation. Insect damage was definitely reduced where shelter existed for the songbirds and parasitic insects. The farm fence situation has been influenced by the war effort. In 1935 about 425,000 tons of barbed and woven wire was manufactured, equivalent to the weight of a dozen battleships. The wire alone, omitting the cost of posts, staples, and labor for construction and maintenance, cost about $28,000,000. This about equals the total value of all stumpage sold from woodlands and forests of the entire United States in a similar year (U. S. Dept. Agric. Stat. Bul. 75). The 400 million posts yearly put into farm fences have a value at least equal to the wire used. In Missouri the utilization of fence posts per farm substantially exceeds that in any other state (U. S. Dept. Agric. Forest Service, Farm Forest Products Questionnaire, 1937). It seems unlikely that war demands will affect the availability of fence posts, but the farmer in need of barbed or woven wire will find supplies sharply limited. Steel fence wire is coated with copper-bearing zinc. Besides the strategic demands for these metals, the construction and maintenance of fences requires much in transportation facilities. Most north-south highways in Missouri and Illinois are important arteries for trucks carrying fence posts northward from the Ozarks. The standard posts in these truck shipments are untreated red cedar, but more and more white oak posts are being hauled as the supplies of cedar become depleted. In northern Missouri, central Illinois, and Iowa, these trucks pass old hedgerows of osage orange, most of which are marked for pulling and which are only remnants of this once standard field border. Because of the ever-present problem of financing fence construction in preparing conservation plans, and because of corollary wildlife and other considerations, the personnel of the Soil Conservation Service in southern Illinois


Over-the-air (OTA) updating is a critical mechanism for secure internet of things (IoT) systems for remotely updating the firmware (or keys) of IoT devices. Message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) is a very popular internet of things (IoT) communication protocol globally. Therefore, MQTT also becomes popular in facilitating the OTA mechanism in many IoT platforms, such as the Amazon IoT platform. In these IoT platforms, the MQTT broker acts as the message broker and as an OTA server simultaneously; in these broker-based OTA architectures, it is quite common that an IoT application manager not only uploads the new firmware/software to the broker but also delegates his signing authority on the firmware/software to the same broker. If the broker is secure and trusted, this OTA model works well; however, it incurs lots of security concerns if the broker is not fully trusted or if it is curious. Many MQTT deployments do not own their own brokers, but rely on a third-party broker, which sometimes is a freeware program or is maintained by a curious third party. Therefore, a secure OTA process should protect privacy against these brokers. This paper designs a novel MQTT-based OTA model in which an IoT application manager can fully control the OTA process through an end-to-end (E2E) channel. We design the model using MQTT 5.0's new features and functions. The analysis shows that the new model greatly enhances security and privacy properties while maintaining high efficiency.


ABSTRACT This article explores the seemingly paradoxical role of dance when the aesthetics of a literary movement such as Symbolism aspires to a wordless genre—a paradox articulated by Stéphane Mallarmé in his famous coinage "corporeal writing." I propose a reevaluation of Symbolist thought on the musicality of language as a possible means of reconciling the disparity between pure words and pure movement. A Symbolist conception of the arts as analogous to one another allowed for poetic writing, through the intervening medium of sound, to approach dance through an integration of meaning and movement. Using the ballet-pantomime La Tragédie de Salomé (1907) as a case study, I argue that Florent Schmitt's score transfers the essence of language into music that, when accompanied by the synesthetic performance of Loïe Fuller, evoked the multisensory theatrical experience to which Symbolist dramaturgy aspired.


The author has felt that the transition from the elementary to the intermediate laboratory may sometimes be too abrupt, and that while the student is getting accustomed to the more advanced laboratory he misses some of the important points in the early experiments he performs. The experiment described is designed to accustom the student to the new level of experiments, and give him some insight into some fundamental principles of experimentation. The experiment consists of measuring a resistance by several different methods. The results are then compared, and the relative merits of the methods are discussed. The methods used are the ohmmeter, the voltmeter-ammeter method, the Wheatstone bridge, the potentiometer, and the substitution method. Details of these measurements will be discussed.


In the wake of the highly publicized scandals at the beginning of this decade involving malfeasance of corporate leadership, courts have increased the focus on outside director independence in derivative litigation. This heightened scrutiny of outside directors has seemingly left significant ambiguity in the law regarding the standards that govern director independence. This note examines the state of the law in Delaware regarding conflicts of interest and lack of independence in corporate litigation. An analysis of Delaware court decisions will show whether the law has actually become more protective of shareholders" right to bring derivative suits since the Enron and WorldCom scandals of the early 2000s. This note surveys the decisions before and following the Delaware Chancery Court"s 2003 decision in In re Oracle Corp. Derivative Litigation (Oracle) as well as other derivative termination cases. The decision in Oracle expanded the inquiry of director independence from considerations of material economic ties between


A detailed walkthrough of the engineering process for the development of an accessible search engine tool. Contributions include a comprehensive literature review, assumptions, requirements, high-level design, implementation, and usability evaluations.


The aim of the study was to analyze and evaluate the differences in jumping ability and in the fundamental technical of the float serve in volleyball, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a working method. The study was performed on a sample of 11 male volleyball players (Under 20). Data were collected in two periods (September and October), subjecting the players to intensive technical and physical work. At the beginning of the training period, anthropometric data were collected, such as mean and standard deviation, and jumping ability. Players made a series of float serve to a specific area of the opponent's field and incremental effects were estimated after the intensive training period (in October). The statistical analysis of the data provided for the estimation of the percentage data and a Test t student to verify the difference between pre and post workout. The significant difference was set with p <0.05. The results show, after four weeks of intensive training, an improvement in jumping ability, at the Vertec test, equal to 3.45cm and a significant difference with p = 0.001, between the two series of jumps; while the estimate of the effect of technical training (float service) was 22%. These physical and motor tests allow the training process to be monitored by estimating the effects induced, allowing the coaches to design and adequately choose the methodology and the training load for an effective performance.


Background. Alternative and innovative strategies, such as mHealth and e-learning, are becoming a necessity for delivery of rehabilitation services. For example, older adults who require a wheelchair receive little, if any, training for proficiency with mobility skills. This substantive service gap is due to restricted availability and time for clinicians to provide 1:1 therapy; limited content expertise; and challenges for consumers to attend appointments, particularly in rural or remote locations. Using a Participatory Action Design approach clinicians, consumers and care providers engaged with occupational therapists and computer engineers to develop a tablet-based application called Enhancing Participation In the Community by improving Wheelchair Skills (EPIC Wheels), which enables in-chair home training, asynchronous on-line expert trainer monitoring, and trainee-trainer communication via secure voice messaging.
Objective. Prior to undertaking a randomized controlled trial (RCT), a pilot study was conducted with two divergent participants: a novice older adult manual wheelchair (MWC) user (representing the target population) and a proficient, long-term older adult MWC user (offering an experienced evaluation).
Method. The program included two 1:1 training sessions with an occupational therapist (day 1 and 15) and four weeks of independent home training. The EPIC Wheels application included video instruction and demonstration, self-paced training activities, and interactive training games. Participants were provided a 10" Android tablet with mounting apparatus (for in-chair training) and wireless hotspot device for Internet connectivity. Frequency and duration of all tablet interactions were monitored and uploaded daily to an on-line trainer interface. Participants completed a structured evaluation survey and provided written and verbal feedback post-study. The occupational therapist also provided feedback on the training protocol and trainer interface.
Results. Both participants perceived the training program to be comprehensive, useful, and easily navigated. The expert trainer indicated usage data was comprehensive and informative for monitoring participant progress, compliance, and adapting the training regime. The application performed equally well on multiple tablet devices tested. Some initial issues with login requests were resolved via tablet-specific settings. Inconsistent Internet connectivity, resulting in delayed data upload and voice messaging, were specific to individual hotspot devices and resolved by standardizing configuration. Several upgrades were also made subsequent to the pilot feedback. The tablet software and content download is more robust and the interface incorporates additional features such as check marks for completed content, a more consumer-friendly aesthetic, and achievement "awards". The trainer interface monitors multiple trainee accounts simultaneously, updating individual usage daily on a secure server, and provides both numerical and visual summary of participant data.
Conclusions. The EPIC Wheels pilot study provided useful feedback on the feasibility of a tablet-based home program for wheelchair skills training among older adults. The revised trainee and trainer applications are currently being evaluated in an RCT. The program offers considerable potential for expansion and use with various populations and delivery of other rehabilitation training programs, particularly for those living in rural/remote locations having limited access to rehabilitation services, including those in developing nations. Future development will consider integration of built-in tablet sensors to provide performance feedback and enable interactive training activities. []


A new geotechnical investigation tool called the "CPT Stinger" has recently been developed to cost effectively acquire geotechnical information at deepwater sites. Combining jumbo piston core (JPC) sampling with the "CPT Stinger" (deployed using the same rigging as the JPC) provides a full geotechnical profile at a given location down to a depth of 35 m below mudline. CPT data are collected during initial free-fall insertion of the "CPT Stinger" apparatus. These data could be used to provide a continuous stratigraphic profile from mudline down to the depth where conventional CPT data (push rate of 2cm/sec) are acquired, if a reliable and repeatable method for correcting the free-fall insertion data could be developed. Several methods have previously been proposed to correct soil shear strength for rate of loading effects. These methods are evaluated in this paper by comparing their results to data acquired in 2011 at a deepwater site in the Gulf of Mexico with an operator's perspective on the potential of this technique.


This paper proposes a method for frequency measurement by FFT IP core in FPGA. It can be used in 24GHz Doppler radar system. Currently, almost all the frequency measurement uses frequency counting by singlechip machine(SCM). This method is easy to be affected by noise and keystroke jitter. However, frequency measurement by FFT can easily avoid the effect of noise and jitter and obtain the results quickly and efficiently. Even it can obtain the data of two objects at the same time. This can improve the accuracy of blind area detection and avoid accidents effectively. The cost of the sources and price both are low to meet users' demand. It can be widely used in automotive electronics.


FIELD: radar ranging and radio navigation. SUBSTANCE: said result is achieved by that radar station on basis of GSM cellular communication networks, intended for detection of targets located in surface illumination field of base stations of cellular communication, there is a device for generating directional illumination intended for enhancing backlight signal of GSM standard for expansion of spatial parameters of radar stations. EFFECT: amplifying illumination signal of GSM standard in directions and levels with weak or absent coverage of cellular communication networks to required power level. 1 cl, 3 dwg


A novel flexible, ultra-sensitive, selective, and room temperature operable polyaniline/iron-oxide (PAni/α-Fe2O3) nanocomposite ammonia (NH3) gas sensor was developed onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by in situ polymerization process. The observations were recorded to 100 ppm fixed level for various gases including NO2, CH3OH, C2H5OH, NH3, and H2S through monitoring the change in resistance of the developed sensor. The flexible PAni/α-Fe2O3 nanocomposite sensor demonstrated better selectivity towards NH3 (response = 39% and stability = 74%). The synergistic response of the flexible PAni/α-Fe2O3 sensor was remarkable than that of the PAni and α-Fe2O3 alone; indicating the effective improvement in the performance of PAni flexible sensor on nanocomposite process. Moreover, the flexible sensor detected NH3 at low concentration (5 ppm) with a fast response (27 s) and very short recovery time (46 s). Further, PAni/α-Fe2O3 flexible sensor films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible and Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron for structural analysis, morphological evolution, optical and surface related studies.


Despite their growing popularity, bottom-up, innovation-based development efforts are failing to make a significant social impact at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP). Merely inventing widgets for development – like affordable solar lanterns, improved cookstoves, and bicycle-powered machines – is not enough. They must move from the lab to the land, into the hands of the people they are intended to benefit. Innovations in scalable, sustainable models for social impact technology dissemination are desperately needed, lest these technologies be designed in vain. In this thesis, I first discuss previous failures in social impact technology dissemination, beginning with the Appropriate Technology movement and continuing with the efforts of multinational corporations that have tried selling into the BOP. Through field research in southern India, I then analyze the current efforts and experiments of small and medium enterprises. Although there are pockets of relative success in the field, there is no truly outstanding scalable and financially sustainable model for dissemination. There are multiple reasons for this, including the expenses taken on by manufacturers when they attempt to establish and operate their own distribution channels and the lack of technology aggregation, which has the potential to lower dissemination costs. Finally, I describe my experiences co-founding Essmart, a rural distributor of social impact technologies. This effort is based directly on my field research. Essmart's goals are to bridge the gap between global manufacturers of social impact technologies and rural end users. The venture gives rural retail stores access to technologies that improve their customers' lives. Through months of reflective practice, I have come to recognize the importance of building mutually beneficial and mutually dependent relationships with BOP stakeholders. This is one of the most important ways to create and ensure social impact at the Bottom of the Pyramid through innovation. Thesis Supervisor: Bishwapriya Sanyal Title: Ford Professor in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning


Anatomical material from two series of monkeys (Macaca mulatta)was used to determine the full extent and visuotopic organization of striate projections to the pulvinar. One series was processed for degeneration by the Fink‐Heimer procedure following unilateral lesions of lateral, posterior, or medial striate cortex (representing the central, peripheral, and far peripheral visual field, respectively); collectively, the lesions included all of area 17. The second series was processed for autoradiography following tritiated amino‐acid injections into striate sites representing the center of gaze and eccentricities ranging from 0.5° to greater than 30° from fixation in both the upper and lower fields.


This essay attempts to discover John Calvin's view on the nature and use of human language. It suggests a strategy for establishing a few building blocks of his philosophy of language. For this purpose Calvin's Commentary on Genesis is analysed and commented on. Seven items to be incorporated in the structure are found to be important but inadequate. As a follow-up the author refers to the contemporary paradigm shift of linking the philosophy of language to contextual studies, pragmatics, rhetoric, ethics and hermeneutics.


By using hydrogen mixed with Ar neutral beam for polymerization of DMOTMDS as a precursor to form a low-k SiOCH film, an ultra-low k-value of 2.2 could be obtained with an extremely non-porous film. This film had a specific sharp peak of 1108 cm -1 by FTIR and was classified as dimethylsilicone (–[(CH3)2SiO]n-) like a spin-on polymer. A long dimethylsilicone molecular chain is considered to have minimum oriental polarization. Surprisingly it was considered that DMOTMDS was polymerized by silane coupling, which is a well-known synthetic chemistry method, and the dimethylsilicone molecular chain was grown in film.


Introduction 1. Events as individuals 2. Indices and habituality 3. Aspectualizers and event structure 4. On the syntax of inner aspectuality 5. Tense, aspect and aspectual composition 6. Multiple quantification 7. Distributivity and collectivity 8. Scope ambiguity and the verb phrase 9. (In-)definiteness and temporal measure nouns Index References.


Due to practical reasons such as limited resources and privacy settings specified by users on social media, most network data tend to be only partially observed with both missing nodes and missing edges. Thus, it is of paramount importance to infer the missing parts of the networks since incomplete network data may severely degrade the performance of downstream analyses. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on network completion, which is a more challenging task than the well-studied low-rank matrix completion problem in the sense that a row and a column of an adjacency matrix shall be entirely unobservable when a node is completely missing from the given network. Specifically, we first define the problem of network completion. Then, we review two state-of-the-art algorithms for discovering the missing part of an underlying network, namely KronEM and DeepNC. We also show a performance comparison between the two algorithms via experimental evaluation. Finally, we discuss the potentials and limitations of the two algorithms.


The invention provides a system and method for accessing broadcast media in form of a virtual file, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a plurality of virtual files which are in one-to-one correspondence with broadcast media sources are established in a virtual file system of a media receiving apparatus; a media access apparatus selects and plays one of the virtual files from a file list, configures the parameter of a broadcast media receiving module by utilizing the description information of the virtual file; the broadcast media receiving module acquires a broadcast media source and processes the broadcast media source into a transmission stream, and stores the transmission stream to the virtual file; and the virtual file system sends the transmission stream in the virtual file to the media access apparatus, and a streaming media player carries out playing and processing, wherein the media receiving apparatus is virtual as a mobile storage apparatus, and a mobile storage apparatus drive program in the media access apparatus is used for carrying out data interaction. The system and the method are not limited by the system platform of the media access apparatus, and a special user access interface is not needed, thereby improving the system compatibility and saving the development cost.


ABSTRACT A comparative comparative study on the detrital mineral composition of stream sediments of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) and Yellow River (Huanghe) shows that, light minerals of the Yangtze River basin were mainly quartz, feldspar, and detritus, the compositional characteristics of light minerals differed among tributaries, the main stream had a generally higher maturity index than tributaries; heavy mineral content tended to decrease progressively from the upper stream to lower stream of the Yangtze River, the primary assemblage was magnetite-hornblende-augite-garnet-epidote, and diagnostic minerals of different river basins were capable of indicating the nature and distribution of the source rock. Detrital mineral assemblages in sediments of tributaries and the main stream of the Yellow River were basically similar, Primary heavy mineral assemblage was opaque mineral-garnet-epidote-carbonate mineral and alteration mineral. Variations in the contents of garnet, opaque mineral, and hornblende mainly reflected the degree of sedimentary differentiation in suspended sediment and the hydrodynamic intensity of a drainage system. The heavy mineral differentiation index F revealed sedimentary differentiation of diagnostic detrital mineral composition due to changes in regional hydrodynamic intensity and can serve as an indicator for studying the dynamic sedimentary environment of a single-provenance river and the degree of sedimentary differentiation of its detrital minerals. Changes in detrital mineral content of the Yellow River was not completely controlled by provenance but reflected gravity sorting of the detrital mineral due to variations in the ephemeral river hydrodynamic intensity and sedimentary environment, however the index changing of Yangtze River were mainly influenced by the complex sediment sources. Therefore caution must be exercised in using the detrital mineral composition of marginal sea to determine the contribution of the Yangtze River and Yellow River. © 2019 China Geology Editorial Office.


The advent of digital media and availability of modem rechnology/conremporary techniques has not only helped the content creators bur also raised serious securiry concerns about acts ' of illicit copying and manipulations, breaching rightful ownership, due to possibility of exact replication of multimedia contents and ,their swifi distribution through open networks. Modem digital watermarking techniques provide a marvelous way to get out of this vicious circle. In this paper a novel, scaleable and improved transform domain blind .digital watermarking technique have been proposed that can be utilized for multipurpose multimedia applications. The system designed for generating highly random watermarks ensure imperceptibility and unauthorized detection difficult. Furthermore considerations of psycho-visual and domain specific redundo. ncies improve the data payload and prove robustness claims against various attacks, as presented.


The aim of this work is to design a reliable algorithm for the automatic detection of heart valve disorders (HVDs) without any segmentation of the heart sound signals. Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) and rational dilation wavelet transform (RDWT) are utilized to extract representative features in order to detect abnormal patterns in PCG signals with the employment of deep learning model. First, TKEO is used to extract the instantaneous energy of the source that generates the Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal rather than the energy of the signal itself. Then, RDWT is employed to decompose the instantaneous energy of the PCG signal into different sub-bands. The oscillatory characteristics of PCG has been retained in these sub-bands, which are served as discriminant features. Third, these features are fed to one-dimensional (ID) convolutional neural networks (CNN) for classification. Finally, experiments including two types of classification named binary classification and multi-class classification, are carried out on a well-known and publicly available PCG database to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The overall average accuracy for binary (5 cases), four-class and five-class classification is reported to be 100%, 99.00%, 99.75%, 99.75%, 99.60%, 98.87% and 98.10%, respectively. The proposed method has obtained superior accuracy in comparison to most of the state-of-the-art approaches using the same database.


The day for the commencement of this code [in England] with the stamp of authority on the first page of it, is the day which will give commencement to the hundred and first year, reckoning from the day on which the author will have breathed his last. In the meantime, to those who have the faculty of extracting amusement from dry matter, it may serve as a second Utopia, adapted to the circumstances of the age.1


Note presenting an investigation of the influence of the wheel drag on the performance of the landing gear. The differential equations are developed and solved by numerical integration and by an analytical method. The possibilities of an eccentric wheel and an inclined shock strut are considered.


A field experiment was carried out at winter season of 2020-2021 in Babylon Governorate, region of Bernon, at 8 km north-east of Hilla town between 44.27 ° north and 36.32 ° east latitude, to study the effect of planting distance and Humic acid on growth, yield and antioxidant activity of petals and seeds of the safflower, the treatments were distributed in a factorial experiment with randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replicates, the first factor was the distance between plants (10, 15 and 20 cm) and second was spraying Humic acid at concentrations (0, 125, 250 and 500 mg.l-1), data were collected and means were tested according to least significant difference test (LSD) at probability level 0.05. The results showed superiority significant of planting distance at 20 cm and spraying humic acid at concentration 500 mg.L-1 on growth and yield parameters, while plants distance at 10 cm excelled on plant height and content of petals and seeds of antioxidant activities. The results showed superiority significant at interaction treat 20 cm × 500 mg.L-1, it produced the highest rates in most considered qualities and yield of dry petals and seed yields were 79.658 and 2197.5 kg. ha-1, while interference treat 10 cm x 500 mg.L-1 produced the highest means on total phenolic compounds and total oxidative activity and scavenging free radicals reached 41.47, 212.7, 58.07, 38.72 and 33.59 mg.g-1 DW, 67.7 and 47.0% in petals and seeds respectively.


of course, greatly facilitate the use of the work for comparative purposes, which will, after all, probably be its chief utility. Altogether the work has been well done, and its authors must be heartily congratulated on the accomplishment of their great task. The thanks of Orientalists are also due to the Ecole Francaise d'Extreme Orient, under whose auspices it has appeared, as well as to the Imprimerie Rationale, which has printed the work in excellent style.


Wetland mesocosms were exposed to increasing concentrations of atrazine over time at levels typical of midwestern surface waters following spring runoff (15 to 75 μg/L). Atrazine had a half-life of 8 to 14 d in the 230-m-long wetlands. End points measured included nutrient levels; periphyton biomass; periphyton productivity and respiration; growth of selected macrophytes; and survival and growth of Daphnia magna (15, 25 μg/L atrazine), Rana pipiens (15, 25 μg/L), and Pimephales promelas larvae (25 to 75 μg/L) and adults (50, 75 μg/L). Interaction between nutrient status or grazing intensity and atrazine effects were measured using periphyton enrichment and grazing exclosure experiments. Only periphyton, Ceratophyllum demersum, Zizania aquatica, and Daphnia were significantly affected by atrazine at any of the concentrations tested. Periphyton net productivity was significantly depressed by incubation in treated water as compared to control water at ≥25 μg/L atrazine (9 to 27-d exposures). In response, dissolved nutrient concentrations increased in treated mesocosms after 14 d. Ceratophyllum length/weight ratios increased after 6-d exposures to 50 μg/L atrazine, while Zizania senesced prematurely during treatments of 50 or 75 μg/L atrazine (97 d of cumulative exposure). Periphyton developed resistance to atrazine only at concentrations ≥50 μg/L. Atrazine effects on periphyton composition varied with the N:P supply ratio. Daphnia survival was significantly depressed at 15 μg/L atrazine (48-h exposures).


The invention discloses a method for melting copper by using waste copper and concentrate of copper sulfide as raw materials. The method comprises the following steps of: in a mass ratio of the copper content of waste copper to the copper content of the concentrate of copper sulfide of 1:1.3-10, mixing the waste copper and the concentrate of copper sulfide, adding a raw material containing silicon dioxide into the mixture, recycling, continuously putting the mixture into a melting pond, adding fuel and controlling the temperature of the melt to be between 1,100 and 1,300 DEG C, charging oxygen-enriched air, of which the volume concentration is 23 to 85 percent, in the melting pond, and stirring and melting the materials in an oxidizing atmosphere in the melting pond until slag and copper matte are separated by melting; transferring the separated copper matte to an air refining procedure for air refining to obtain raw copper products; transferring the slag to a common electric furnace for melting to further lower the copper content of the slag to below 0.5 percent, and performing water quenching of the slag; and transferring smoke to an acid-making procedure for preparing sulfuric acid. By the method, a large amount of waste copper can be treated, and simultaneously due to the adoption of the waste copper, the slag type of the concentrate of copper sulfide in melting is improved.


In order to measure the effect of infrared seeker's ejection to aerodynamic force of missile's body,infrared seeker's ejection control and balance data acquisition system is designed. Design philosophy and scheme of infrared seeker's ejection control and balance data acquisition system are introduced.Now the system has been put into use and it runs well. The result shows: its performance proves to be stable and satisfied.


Based on analyzing the present situation and the existing problems of urban land use in Anhui province, some countermeasures are put forward with the viewpoint of sustainable development from the land use targets, comprehensive evaluation, land use layout, land use way, land use replacement, developing stereoscopically, resources sharing, planning management,etc.


The breakdown of the Portuguese-Brazilian empire has been a topic of controversy for a long time. The dispute has converged on matters of fact as much as on matters of interpretation. Historians on both shores of the Atlantic have failed to present a common perspective on basic issues, such as the nature and scope of the growth that preceded the collapse, or the timing, duration, and intensity of the crisis itself. Thus a variety of explanations have been offered for this major turning point, as scholars tried to analyze the consequences of the collapse of the old colonial system. However, beyond the controversy, the crucial significance of this period for the now diverging history of the two countries must be universally admitted. For Brazil, of course, this was the time of the birth of the nation, when crucial choices were made and many possible lines of historical development were discarded. Similarly, for Portugal this turn of events was very important. It meant that for the first time in nearly four hundred years the country had to sustain itself without an empire. The remaining colonies, that is, the trading posts and fortresses in Africa and in Asia, had virtually no economic or financial relevance. For almost a century the empire, or what remained, played a minor role in the Portuguese economy and, wishful expectations to the contrary notwithstanding, could not compensate for the loss of the vast American colony. As a result, Portuguese society had to undergo fundamental socioeconomic adjustments to accommodate this historical development. The climacteric nature of this historical process is unquestionably related to the contentious character of the interpretations it has elicited. Bearing this in mind, this essay presents the facts and reviews the main topics of this historiographical controversy. As an active participant in the controversial debates on this topic, I will refrain from restating my former arguments, although this