Several conducted surveys by various organizations have revealed poor financial knowledge of youth. In addition, integrating financial education into educational curriculums has shown a considerable effect on financial behaviors of children. In order to increase the financial management abilities of children some methods are proposed in this paper based on the book "Total leadership". Considering the advantages of using Technology tied to the internet which can support a wide range of users without any geographical restriction, it would be a useful method to transfer the financial concepts to children. Since the impact of financial illiteracy is more significant in developing countries like Iran, some further studies are suggested for this country. 1. Teens financial literacy President's Advisory Council on Financial Literacy was created for the first time by an executive order of President George W. Bush in the United States on January 22, 2008.The purpose was making sure that the "next generation of consumers" is prepared enough to make money management decision when they enter the adult world and they have proper financial knowledge in making their first independent financial decisions, so it has been decided to integrate financial education into K-12 educational standards (The department of treasury; 2008). Youth's financial literacy is important for their individual well-being and also for the economic growth of the country. "Without the proper financial education and skills children and young adults will be very vulnerable to poor financial planning and a wide range of deceptive practices" (Klemme, D.; 2002) Various surveys by Jump Start and other organizations (Jump Start surveys, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008) about financial knowledge of youth have been conducted and these tests confirm that they enter the adult world without having a proper financial education. On the 2008 Jump Start survey of financial literacy among 6.856 high school students, participants got an average of only 48.3% of the test questions correct which show a decrease from those of 2006, which correctly answered 52.4 percent of the questions. (Jumpstart coalition, News release, 2008).The questions were about taxes, inflation, banking, credit, retirement and insurance. However, According to the 18 month evaluation of the NEFE High School Financial Planning Program ®, HSFPP, which is a curriculum, provided by the National Endowment for Financial Education® the students who have studied the program showed a desirable


Doctoral education is central to both the production of knowledge and the reproduction of disciplines—producing the next generation of researchers. This paper considers the doctoral and supervisory experiences associated with the 'the PhD by publication'—in which a dissertation comprises a number of stand-alone 'publishable' papers, along with introductory and concluding overviews. Using the entry points of human geography and our experiences doing and supervising these PhDs, we provide a number of guidelines for human geographers, and illuminate the identity work involved in this specific process of producing scholars.


Conventional generators of this type use a winding which whose conductors form loops in different axial planes so that opposite parts of each loop pass through the field of each pole pair, twice per revolution. If the loops are open circuit, then no current flows in the winding and no reaction torque is developed, leaving the rotor free to turn at the maximum speed of its driving unit. As soon as the output winding is connected across a load or is short-circuited, the resulting current flow tends to retard the motion of the rotor to an extent which depends on the intensity of the current and this makes it necessary to include compensating speed-regulating devices if it is necessary to maintain a reasonably constant output voltage. Also, the variable reaction torque subjects the rotor and its transmission to considerable mechanical stresses and possible damage.


Transitive signature was first introduced by Micali and Rivest in 2002 to meet the need of certain applications like signing a chain of command, a chain of certificate or transitive binary relations. In this paper, research actuality of transitive signatures is presented. The definition, the security and a model of transitive signatures are described. Two classes of transitive signature schemes, which are undirected transitive signature schemes and directed transitive signature schemes, are also described in details. Finally, some related problems about transitive signatures are summarized.


s2 1 1d-dimensional anti - de Sitter (AdS) gravity is quantized in the presence of an external scalar field. We find that the coupling between the scalar field and gravity is equivalently described by a perturbed conformal field theory at the boundary of AdS 3. This allows us to perform a microscopic computation of the transition rates between black hole states due to absorption and induced emission of the scalar field. Detailed thermodynamic balance then yields Hawking radiation as spontaneous emission, and we find agreement with the semiclassical result, including greybody factors. This result also has application to four and five-dimensional black holes in supergravity. (S0031-9007(98)07124-5) Ifg, Cg › Igrav fgg 1 Imatter fC; gg . (1) In view of the difficulty to quantize this system in a complete way. Hawking proposed to treat g as a classical, fixed background, in the presence of which the field C is quantized (2). The drawback in this approach is that the black hole is unaffected by the emission of radiation. No reference to black hole microstates is made, and accounting for back reaction has proven to be a notoriously difficult problem. In this paper we suggest a different route, in which the microstates of the black hole play an explicit role. This approach is more akin to the old fashioned treatment of radiation from, say, an atom. The quantized atom can be excited by absorbing energy from the external radiation field, or it can also decay via induced emission of radi- ation by giving away energy to the field. Existence of a thermodynamical equilibrium then implies that sponta- neous emission must occur, with rate given in terms of the coefficients for absorption and induced emission. it is a variation of that approach that we aim to develop here. That is, we treat the gravitational field g as quantum de- grees of freedom, whereas the matter field C will remain classical. In view of the lack of a consistent quantum theory of four-dimensional gravity we will work in the framework of anti-de Sitter (AdS) gravity in 2 1 1 dimensions. s2 1 1d-dimensional gravity with a negative cosmological constant is know to have black hole solutions (3) which have proved to be a useful laboratory for the study of the microscopical properties of black holes. At the same time s2 1 1d-dimensional gravity is almost trivial. More precisely, it is topological, at least in the absence of matter fields. As a consequence the dynamics of the gravitational degrees of freedom is described by a conformal field theory (CFT) at the boundary, i.e., the asymptotic region


We introduce a new framing that accounts for trends and disparities in civic engagement. We orient along two axes: the modal, describing the extent to which civic engagement is structured, and its content, describing the extent to which civic engagement has partisan objectives. Accordingly, this structure creates four domains of civic engagement: associational-partisan (e.g., voting), social-partisan (e.g., boycotting), associational-civic (e.g., participating in Parent-Teacher Organizations), and social-civic (e.g., talking with neighbors). Using data from the Current Population Survey and item response theory methods, we generate civic engagement scores in each of these domains for as many as 35,618 U.S. respondents. Similar to prior studies, income and educational attainment are associated with large disparities in civic engagement across all domains. However, in contrast to prior studies, young Americans are not outpacing older Americans in social-partisan engagement; rather, older Americans are more engaged in every sector of engagement we measure.


Introduction Analysis for Asia Analysis for Africa Latin America Conclusions from the Analysis of Probit Analysis for Asia, Africa and Latin America Bibliography


Background: Adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer poor quality, disparities, higher utilization and mortality, and unmet medical need. Thus, in 2017 Virginia Commonwealth University Health (VCU) used pilot results and axioms of the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) and Lean Six Sigma quality improvement to build an Adult SCD Medical Home.
 Methods and Results: VCU funded the program in October 2017. We implemented it over the next fifteen months. We first used a Six Sigma QI cycle called DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control). Define: we defined three improvement targets in year one: inpatient, emergency department (ED), and ambulatory care. Behavioral health, program evaluation, ambulatory clinical policies, and pediatric to adult transition were added in year two. We identified ourselves or recruited hospital partners as champions/leaders for each care target area. Each formed a multidisciplinary implementation team. The inpatient care team actually preceded Medical Home funding. Where feasible, each team conducted PDSA cycles to test and improve best practices or metrics. Measure: we ranked 567 adult SCD patients based on their CY 2017 30-day readmissions, length of stay, 3-day ED returns, ED discharges, inpatient days and discharges, outpatient visits, ED use, and charges. Each team also developed metrics. Analyze: The top 50 highest utilizers by charges were targeted for intervention. Improve: We aimed for six 12-month intervention patient results: 1) reduce readmissions by 15%; 2) reduce average length of stay by 1.5 days; 3) reduce charges by 15%; 4) improve compliance with SCD inpatient guidelines; 5) improve quality, safety, and financial reporting; 6) improve patient experience. Leaders also used Six Sigma tools weekly to oversee teams, identify resources, plan, and hire staff: for example, we ranked the urgency of steps using "Now, Later, Latest" process charts, and documented progress using "Quick Wins" communication logs. Control: Processes were continuously amended. Stakeholders met and supported us monthly to quarterly. We distributed an annual report. Metric results are presented in a separate abstract.
 Conclusion: Lean Six Sigma QI principles were effective for developing and implementing an adult SCD medical home. We believe the above processes could be replicated elsewhere.
 Figure

 Lipato: Novartis: Honoraria. Smith:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria.


Concern about rising coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates and awareness of international differences in CHD and stroke mortality led to early epidemiological studies including Framingham Heart, Seven Countries and NI-HON-SAN studies. Elevated blood cholesterol and blood pressure, cigarette smoking and diet were identified as risk factors, predominantly in men. Clinical trials demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of lowering risk factors through pharmacologic and behavioral interventions. The continuing decline in CHD mortality began in the late 1960's and is attributable to healthier lifestyles and improved medical management. Current epidemiological studies include more women and diverse populations and expand potential risk factors and outcomes to include obesity, diabetes, hemostatic and psychosocial factors, physical inactivity and genes, as well as markers of pre-clinical atherosclerosis, ischemia, and cardiac dysfunction. CVD prevention encompasses national education programs, community interventions and high risk approaches. In the future new insights are expected on the interplay of genetic susceptibility and non-genetic risk and protective factors and on precipitants of clinical events. Advances in treatment and wider use of preventive measures should reduce or delay CVD especially among low socio-economic groups, the elderly and survivors of an event. National goals for lower rates of CHD, stroke and risk factors have been set for the year 2000. J Epidemiol,1996 ; 6 : S203-S207.


The objective of this study is to determine survival rates of different postlarval stages upon stocking in the Leganes ponds. Twelve 3m x 2m x 2m suspension nets made of nylon cloth (mesh size = 0 . 1 mm) were set up in a Leganes Station pond (ave. water depth = 1 m) by means of 3-m long poles stacked at distances approximating the area of each net. The net bottom was filled with topsoil at least 15 cm thick to stimulate the pond bottom. At least 60 cm of the upper edge of each net was above the water level to prevent mixing of water inside and outside the net. P.monodon of stages P SUB-11 , P SUB-15 , P SUB-21 (from the hatchery) and P SUB-25 (from the wet lab) were stocked in the nets at 200/sq m or 1,200 fry/net. Due to lack of fry, only one P SUB-25 net was stocked. Each net had two large dried miapi branches as shelter from predation and cannibalism for the young sugpo fry. Fresh lablab was fed at the rate of one pail (approximately 5 kg) every four days per net. Harvest data show relatively higher survival rates for P SUB-15 and P SUB-18 compared to P SUB-11 and P SUB-25 with no significant difference between these two stages. The results for P SUB-25 may not be valid because the stock came from the wet lab in comparison to the other postlarval stages which were reared in the hatchery. Moreover, the P SUB-25 stock had no replicates and the net itself (no. 10) was discovered to have many holes. These preliminary results point to P SUB-15 as the best stage for harvest from the hatchery in terms of high pond recovery and lesser expense in rearing compared to older postlarvae.


The article presents the presence of the Bosnian language and Bosnian studies in Hungary. It discusses in detail the meaning, history and beginnings of the ethnonym Bosnian, which dates back to the 19th century. After the fall of the AustroHungarian Monarchy, the first independent South Slavic state was established, which brought not only political and economic changes, but also language and language policy changes. Post-World War II Yugoslavia was characterized by linguistic unification, which took place in the Serbo-Croatian language. The Hungarian scientific and non-scientific public faithfully followed the Yugoslav terminology, so there was no mention of the Bosnian language at all. After the breakup of Yugoslavia, a new language situation arose, which was interpreted by István Nyomárkay for the Hungarian academic public. However, information about the Bosnian language in Hungarian sources is still almost unavailable, from which it follows that there are no Bosnian studies in Hungary.


In fry, 1- and 2-year old juvenile Atlantic salmon, relatively small superficial red muscle fibres staining well for glycogen and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) but with little myofibrillar ATPase, were evident on either side of the lateral line, in June. Well differentiated relatively large white fibres contained lower concentrations of glycogen than the red fibres, higher ATPase and no SDH, except traces in the larger 1- and 2-year-olds. Intermediate size pink fibres, which were also intermediate between red and white fibres in their staining properties, occurred in a thin diffuse layer along the red-white boundary, thickest at the apex near the vertebral column, and most evident in the younger fish.


A replication-competent oncolytic, telomerase-specific adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), with potential antineoplastic activity. OBP-301 contains the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hT ERT ) gene promoter sequence that drives the expression of the E1A and E1B genes, and is linked to an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). Upon administration, OBP-301 selectively infects and replicates in cancer cells that are expressing telomerase, which causes cell lysis. T his adenovirus does not infect or replicate in normal, healthy cells. OBP-301 may also potentially be used as a chemosensitizer. hT ERT , which encodes for the catalytic protein subunit of telomerase, is overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types but not in normal, healthy cells. T he insertion of an IRES further improves selectivity towards telomerase-expressing cancer cells. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020


The Indiana Youth Institute (IYI) is an intermediary agency which supports adults statewide who care about youth. This handbook, which considers young people as resources, serves as a bridge to more information on youth involvement. It defines youth leadership and participation; provides program ideas and strategies; lays the foundation for establishing and expanding networks of youth development professionals; and identifies local youth-adult partnership programs, resource people, and materials. Written for people who work with youth, the guide is divided into three parts. The first section elaborates on youth leadership and partnership and lists characteristics, responsibilities, and benefits of the programs. Section two outlines ways to solicit young people's opinions, highlights considerations before starting a program, and offers some program assessment techniques. The final section shows how to build a youth leadership and partnership program. At the end of each section are references along with a list of resource centers. Two appendices list national resources and youth leadership programs in Indiana. (RJM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** A Guide to Resources on Youth as Leaders and Partners Strategies, Programs, and information U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EIDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) r. This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it r Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality Points of view or opinions slated in this dOCu ment do not necessarily represent official 0E141 position or policy PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY 37 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) rilor fhe Indiana Youth Institute Working with adults who care about youth 2 BEST COPY AVAILABN A Guide to Resources on Youth as Leaders and Partners Strategies, Programs, and information Edited by Xuan Ma MAY 1994 The Indiana Youth Institute was established in 1988 as an ino...dkondent, nonprofit center. IY1 is an intermediary agencr serving the youth of Indiana by supporting adults statewide who care about youth-both youth-servin j professionals and policy makerswith research, training, and advocacy. IYI recommends, bu does not endorse, the resources and information provided in this guide. This is only a sampling of mat Wats and information available on Youth As Leaders and Partners. For further information, please contact WI or your local library_ INTRODUCTION YOUTH AS LEADERS AND PARTNERS Youth involvement means different things to different people. As a youth development professional or parent, you know that youth are involved in their programs because they are programs designed for them. With this Guide we invite you to think about youth involvement in what may be a new way for you. For example, youth development professionals may describe their programs like this "What we did for our young people was...." This Guide is about the kind of youth involvement that is described in phrases like this: "The young people told us that they want...." The difference in the phrases reflects different ways of looking at young people. "What we did for our young people" reflects the traditional view of young people as objects or recipients. By contrast, "The young people told us what they want" implies a view of young people as resources. The spectrum of attitudes of adults toward young people includes viewing young people as objects as well as thinking of them as resources.


Abstract : In this report, optimal design of continuous structural systems is considered. A generalized steepest descent method based on optimal control techniques is developed. The method is applied to simply supported beam and plate problems. Constraints considered for these problems are bounds on displacement, natural frequency and design variables. Results for simultaneous imposition of various constraints are new.


The Central Government of China is promoting both urbanization and urban sustainability beyond mere growth. These two goals clash if the agricultural land consumption for urbanization is drastically reduced. A re-consideration of urban density and compactness, supported by the UN-Habitat's Urban Agenda III can contribute to address the problem. What existing developments can be densified and how? The research has considered some hypothesis of densification in the city of Suzhou, a wealthy area in the Special Economic Zone of Yangtze River Delta. The research has targeted the compounds where farmers were relocated when the land was massively urbanized since the '90s, because they are low density, have a strong obsolescence and do not match anymore the living standards achievable in this part of contemporary China. The research has drafted some options of densification.


is from God and if he departs from the law, obedience is no longer his due. Similarly in economics, though Islam recognizes the right to personal property, the individual is only a steward of his property from society, which in turn takes it as a trust from God. Absolute equality is neither fair nor possible, but differences must never be excessive. These are right-wing principles hedged by left-wing qualifications theologically justified. But how important are the qualifications is shown in Chapter VIII by the proposals for reform : redistribution of wealth, nationalization, health services. True, this is nowadays little more than enlightened conservatism, but in the East conservatism is seldom enlightened. There are thirty errors of translation in the first six pages. Some of the mistakes are astonishing : " All His teachings were connected with . . . " (p. 3) should read : " He made only passing references to . . . ". " He exhorts men to avoid all shameful means of getting money other than begging " (p. 44) should be : " He exhorts men to use other means of getting money rather than begging." " There is nothing similar to . . . " (p. 102) ought to be : " There is no ambiguity in . . . ". On page 226 " . . . who looked forward to a time when they would be able to conquer Islam itself" should read: " . . . who became believers, professedly, at a time when Islam had already triumphed." These are a few examples from a mighty host.


In this paper, the ultimate strength analysis of the box girders under combined load is investigated using a commercial FEA program, ABAQUS. It studies the ultimate strength analysis of the Reckling No. 23 box girders model. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of the ultimate strength of the box girders model under hogging bending moment, torque moment and water pressure simultaneously. In next step, laying a foundation for accounting the ultimate strength of the actual ship model


Recently, Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) has attracted considerable research efforts, since it simplifies the manipulation while preserving the inherent structure of the KG. However to some extent, most existing KGE approaches ignore the historical changes of structural information involved in dynamic knowledge graphs (DKGs). To deal with this problem, this paper presents a Timespan-aware Dynamic knowledge Graph Embedding Evolution (TDG2E) method that considers temporal evolving process of DKGs. The major innovations of our paper are two-fold. Firstly, a Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) based model is utilized in TDG2E to deal with the dependency among sub-KGs that is inevitably involved in the learning process of the dynamic knowledge graph embedding. Furthermore, we incorporate an auxiliary loss to supervise the learning process of the next sub-KG by utilizing previous structural information (i.e., the hidden state of GRU). In contrast with existing approaches in the literature (e.g., HyTE and t-TransE), TDG2E preserves structural information of current sub-KG and the temporal evolving process of the DKG simultaneously. Secondly, to further deal with the time unbalance issue underlying the DKGs, a Timespan Gate is designed in GRU. It makes TDG2E possible to model the temporal evolving process of DKGs more effectively by incorporating the timespan between adjacent sub-KGs. Extensive experiments on two large temporal datasets (i.e., YAGO11k and Wikidata12k) extracted from real-world KGs validate that the proposed TDG2E significantly outperforms traditional KGE methods in terms of Mean Rank and Hit Rate.


The corporative social responsibility has burst in into  the business world of a so fost and extended  form that it has become the concept of greater implanta tion in  the policy of companies and  institutions in the last years. In this work  we described  and  we analyzed its origin,  the  relation  reputation-responsibility, the putting in practice ofprograms and projects ofRSC, and  their reflection and  rele vance in  the communication of the companies and the advertising campaigns.


The
international negotiations concerning climate change, taken place during the
UNFCCC conference in Durban at the end of year 2011, have failed to establish a
new global agreement to reduce global emissions. Therefore, the G8 commitments
on 80% reduction by 2050 seems to be the most realistic climate change mitigation
framework for the time being, enhanced by the political will of the EU and USA
administrations. For the needs of this paper, the G8 80% target is further
extended to cover the whole EU-27 region, where the reduction commitments of
the EU-27 member states are allocated based on the relevant allocation weights
considered for the Kyoto Protocol obligations. This paper examines the
implementation of the EU-27 and USA 80% emissions reduction target using a
macro-economic hybrid model E4M-GAIA
of the global economy, standing for Energy-Economy-Environment-Engineering Model
of the Earth. The E4M-GAIA
model, which adopts similar theoretical background with the "New Economics"
school depicted mainly in the well-established Cambridge University' E3 models,
is used to implement this target and to compare it with a reference scenario,
where no reduction target is pursued. Both scenarios consider that impact of
the financial crisis, with updated information to the end of 2010. This paper
aims to provide evidence that the proper direction of a portfolio of policies
including: regulation, behavioral shift, revenue recycling, energy investments,
energy and carbon pricing, can lead to double dividend, namely meeting a deep
reduction target and providing gains for the economy.


We give examples of anomalous two-fold coverings p : E → B of connected spaces: a. one where B is simply connected, b. the other of path-connected spaces that has an Evil Twin; a non equivalent covering q : E → B with the same image of the fundamental group.


Supercritical fluid extraction technique was used to extract orris oil from the orris and,then,the chemical composition of the product extracted from the orris by means of GC-MC was analyzed.18 constituents were identified in the supercritical CO_2 extraction product,sharing above 98% of overall relative content of extracted substance.Main constituents of this extraction product were tetradecanoic acid,hexadecanoic acid,and 9-octadecanoic acid.


Investigation of the stressedly-deformed condition of the nodes is a key consideration when developing and designing the truss construction. These studies were carried out with the help of numerical and experimental methods considering two variants of the farm nodes without gusset plates design solutions: a model and developed one. Computational investigations were carried out using the software package «Lira 9.6». The above mentioned joints were tested experimentally in specialized units stand made on an individual project. Herewith factors of nodal connections actual work and their limit states have been identified. Also these joints nominal load capacity was defined. The effectiveness of one of the researching solution was detected. It has been established that the engineered solution has a low deformability and high load capacity.


A description is given of a computationally efficient SPICE model for accurate prediction of the I-V and threshold voltage characteristics of small-geometry MOSFETs. The model based on an enhancement of the SPICE LEVEL3 MOS model and a novel approach of parameter extraction. The expressions achieved for the drain currents hold in the weak inversion, strong inversion, and saturation regimes of operation. The model supports the design of both short-channel and narrow-gate MOSFETs with any kind of implanted channel. Accuracy and benchmark tests show substantial improvements over the original LEVEL3 model


ABSTRACT Cholesterol-7α-3H was administered via the antecubital vein to 2 mothers bearing term anencephalic fetuses, 8 and 3 days prior to delivery, respectively. Blood and urine samples were collected daily, as well as fetal blood, fetal liver and placenta at delivery. A corpus luteum was excised the day after delivery in one case. The specific activity (SA) of cholesterol was measured in all tissues. At delivery, the SA (dpm/μmole) of placental progesterone was equal to the SA of the corresponding free maternal plasma cholesterol and the SA of the urinary pregnanediol in both cases. Fetal cholesterol as well as placental cholesterol had a SA which was lower than placental progesterone. These data indicate that, in pregnancies without a functioning fetal adrenal, virtually all placental progesterone is derived from maternal plasma cholesterol.


A networked tomographic data acquisition device architectured with FPGA is developed to provide remotely-reconfigurable waveform functions for emission of excitation signals. The purpose of the device is to explore online data acquisition techniques for medical applications. Dedicated electrodes for excitation and sensing were selected for the electrical perturbation of the media under study. This device precisely controls input and acquire output in synchrony. The envisaged use is particularly the exploitation of signal modulation to achieve selective response levels in live tissue. In this work we study the acquired data, simulate the measuring scheme selected for electrical perturbation using the finite element method, and estimate the impedance image of the media.


Wireless sensor networks consist of autonomous sensor nodes attached to one or more base stations. As Wireless sensor networks continues to grow, they become vulnerable to attacks and hence the need for effective security mechanisms. Identification of suitable cryptography for wireless sensor networks is an important challenge due to limitation of energy, computation capability and storage resources of the sensor nodes. Symmetric based cryptographic schemes do not scale well when the number of sensor nodes increases. Hence public key based schemes are widely used. We present here two public – key based algorithms, RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and found out that ECC have a significant advantage over RSA as it reduces the computation time and also the amount of data transmitted and stored.


To optimize the teaching of "two courses" in vocational and technical colleges, we must take educating and increasing occupation morals of our tsudents as the basic target, take increasing teaching quality as the theme, take the educate thoughts and educate ideas as the lead, take the course and teaching content system as the core, take the reform to teaching forms, teaching means and teaching evaluation as the means, take streng thening teaching study, teaching management, training of teachers and teaching basic constructon as guarantee.


The article proposes to examine the historical relationship of the political and economic dependency / independence of Brazilian television, through a case study, the Globo TV and its main newscast, Jornal Nacional, older program featured on Brazilian television. On the air since September 1, 1969, the National Journal can be understood as a product of the joint between the interests of political and economic elite and the political and economic interests of the military that marked the 1960s and 1970s, who is also the period consolidation of a cultural market in Brazil. We argue that the consolidation of Brazilian television is associated with the military government (1964-1985), the Doctrine of National Security and Development and the idea of national integration and noticed the political and economic movements fundamental to the consolidation of TV Globo, among them the creation their standard of quality Globo, a composition of economic strategies, commercial, political, technological, productive and aesthetic that demonstrates that the Globe was at the time of consolidation of television in Brazil, the broadcaster who best realized the potential of the vehicle and that best met the economic and political conditions to transform their program into an object of mass consumption.


Concern to regularise the criteria for membership of the Commonwealth culminated in the Harare Declaration of 1991 which sought to codify the processes of enlargement while establishing a set of principles to guide acceptable behaviour by member states, particularly in the related fields of democracy and human rights. The admission of several countries without a direct association with Britain marked a departure from the founding principles of the Commonwealth. Notwithstanding the recommendations of an Intergovernmental group on Commonwealth Membership, it is likely that heads of government will want to retain a considerable degree of flexibility when determining applications by aspiring states. In ten years' time it is possible that the Commonwealth may have increased to some 60 member countries, raising many questions about the effect on the organisation's essential characteristics and the spectre of it becoming the victim of its own success.


A type of magnetic resonance imaging that uses the transient signal reduction induced by the first pass of gadolinium chelate through the brain vessels to calculate cerebral blood flow maps, and to determine the ratio between the cerebral blood volume in the lesion and the cerebral blood volume in normal tissue.


This research investigates the effects of outcome-oriented and process-oriented thinking on consumers' subjective experiences during the decision making process. Outcome-oriented thinking encourages a focus on the end state one wants to achieve, while process-oriented thinking involves elaboration on the step-by-step process that leads to a desired outcome. We show that consumers who use process-oriented thinking are less likely to underweight feasibility characteristics of the alternatives (e.g., a digital camera's ease of use) than consumers who engage in outcome-focused thinking. However, those who use process-oriented thinking also experience more difficulty making the choice, are less confident in their choices, and are less satisfied with the decision process than those who use outcome-oriented thinking.


8,8-Dimethylisobenzofulvene, generated from the reaction of ll-isopropylidenetricyclo[6,2,1,02.7]- undeca-2,4,6,9-tetraene (23) and 3,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)-s-tetrazine, undergoes spontaneous dimerization to form a mixture of two isomers. This is shown to be a mixture of endo (33) and exo isomers (37) resulting from [π10s+π8s] cyclodimerization, with the former isomer predominating. 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy, in conjunction with lanthanide shift reagents and spin decoupling, was used, together with chemical degradation, to determine the structure and stereochemistry of these products. Chemical interconversion has placed these structures on a firm basis since the structure of the minor isomer has been determined by X-ray structure analysis. The constancy of this dimer ratio in solvents of widely differing polarity, and in the absence of solvent, supports an isopolar transition state which is typical of many concerted electrocyclic processes. A complete PMO treatment of all possible modes of isobenzofulvene dimerization is presented and the results of these calculations are discussed in terms of the observed peri- and stereospecificities. In a similar way, the PMO model is successfully employed to explain the relative efficiencies of various polyenophiles in trapping the isobenzofulvene nucleus.


The authors have developed a real-time signal analyzer, which, by monitoring EEG signals, can provide the optimal control of the parameters of the EEG recorder. The signal processing scheme and the implementation issues of the analyzer are described, with emphasis on the knowledge-based subsystem. The first phase of the signal processing is a feature extraction process, which determines selected parameters of the sampled input signals. The second phase is a decision-making process, based on the actual parameter set, which produces the necessary control activities. The decision making is carried out by a forward-chaining inference engine using knowledge in rule-based form.<<ETX>>


Context. The prevalence of macrosomia varies through the world according to
racial and ethnic factors, life style and importance of non communicable
diseases (maternal obesity, diabetes-gestational and type 2), post-term gestation
and multiparity. At the University Clinics of Kinshasa (UCK), 30 years ago, the
frequency of macrosomia was 2.4%. Objectives. To update data on the frequency of
macrosomia at UCK, regarding variations in maternal anthropometrics (obesity)
and socio-demographic factors. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at UCK from 1
January 2007 to 31 December 2016. Mothers who delivered babies weighing at
least 4000 g were included in this study. Results. The frequency of macrosomia was 3.7%. Trend shows a variation of this
frequency over time with lowest frequency (2.1%) in 2012 and highest (5.3%) in
2009. The mother average age and parity were 32.3 ± 5.4 years and 3 ± 2,
respectively. Pregnancies were complicated by polyhydramnios (48%) and
gestational diabetes (19.7%). Caesarean section was performed in 60.5% cases,
mainly for macrosomia (47.8%) and 81.6% of newborns had constitutional
macrosomia. Adverse obstetrical outcomes of macrosomia were dominated by
caesarean section (28.9%), lacerations of birth canal (23%) and neonatal
distress (9.2%). Conclusion. Macrosomia remains a constant finding at UCK, and is associated with
maternal, fetal and neonatal adverse outcomes. Trend shows a variation of the
frequency over time between 2.1% and 5.3%.


SnS is a promising candidate as PV absorber material according to the material properties and the Loferski diagram, but despite the numerous publications on this material, the intrinsic material properties are widely unknown and the theoretical possible values for efficiency are still far away from those achieved in reality. Due to the fact that this material is mostly grown as thin film material, bulk research is rare. The material synthesis and the melt growth of tin monosulfide (SnS) by using Bridgman‐Stockbarger technique have been investigated in this study. After first growth experiments produced polycrystalline SnS, a significant reduction of the growth velocity lead to samples with a high amount of single crystalline material. These samples were investigated in detail regarding the structural and optical properties by using XRD/HRXRD, chemical etching and photoluminescence.


Does the provision of information regarding what foreign goods might be produced with child and forced labor affect imports to the U.S.? I investigate this question using the largest naming and shaming strategy ever implemented worldwide: inclusion on the U.S. government's list of goods produced with child or forced labor. This paper shows empirically that information provision decreased United States imports of goods believed to be made using child and forced labor. The results are mainly driven by the goods closer to the point of consumption, where consumers might reasonably be expected to penalise goods which rely on such labor, while no effect has been found for intermediate goods. This implies that public information strategies may be efficient in disincentivising the reliance on child and forced labor in the case of export of certain goods but not others.


Testing and verification are important methods for gaining confidence in the reliability of a software product. Keeping this confidence up is especially difficult for software that has to follow fast changing development cycles or that is targeted at many platforms. In this paper we present a test framework for creating and executing function (blackbox) tests of I/O control blocks, which are part of a model-based rapid-prototyping development environment for distributed embedded control applications. The framework supports test engineers by trying to minimize their required effort for specification, setup, and execution of tests. This is achieved by defining test environment specifications that decouple the test specification from many properties of the test environment. The same mechanisms are also used to improve the test-cycle turn-around time for large test suites by supporting the automated parallelization of tests for efficiently distributing them over the available test hardware.


Zingiberaceae and Rutaceae have been many applications in the treatment of diseases. Their leaves, stems, rhizomes and fruits... containing essential oils which could offer useful habitats for different endophyte groups. In this research, the strains of endophyte Streptomyces sp., Aspergillus terreus, Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp. were isolated from different plant parts of galangal, ginger, laurel and their antioxidant activities were determined. The antioxidant activity by using DPPH methos applied on these strain was with the following results: R-TN3 strain showed the highest antioxidant activity (62.32 %), followed by G1TL3 and NQ-TN3 and the T-TG3 was the lowest (30.95 %).


The purpose of the study is to study the current state, directions and opportunities in the development of local self-government in the Republic of Kazakhstan, its place and role in the development of active participation of citizens of society, expanding the independence of regional government, the embodiment of the potential in the management of their own budget process. Materials on the current state of the budgeting system of local self-government in the Republic of Kazakhstan were studied, and on this basis proposals for its improvement were elaborated. One of the important directions of the adopted innovations is the gradual implementation of a separate direct budget in a separate city, village, settlement, rural district, and at the same time increasing the powers of local governments in their financial provision. The value of the study lies in the need to assess the reforms undertaken to create an independent budget with the transfer of part of the communal property to the local government, which contributes to increasing the powers of these bodies in the allocation of this property and budget allocation. As for the results of the study, the questions of understanding of local self-government bodies in accordance with international standards, as well as the delimitation of functions and competencies between local public administration and self-government, including the mechanisms of their budgeting have been identified.


A soil organic carbon (SOC) and SOC change model for New Zealand is developed for use in national SOC inventory reporting. The foundation for the model is a generalised least-squares regression, based on explanatory variables of land use, soil–climate class, and erosivity. The SOC change model is based on the assumption that changes in SOC over a decadal timescale are usually restricted to transitions in land use. Improvements to the model are then considered that are intended to reduce the uncertainty of SOC changes through reduction of the standard error of the land-use effects. Stochastic gradient boosting is used to find data layers most strongly associated with SOC. The most influential of these were then used in a general least-squares model after stepwise refinement. The stepwise-refined model significantly reduced the standard error for SOC, but did not result in a consistent reduction in the standard error for land-use classes, nor did it result in an improvement in the SOC change model. The method of calculating SOC change from a transition between two land-use classes is described, along with the significance of the transition, by use of a multi-comparison significance procedure.


Physics
The energetics of quantum systems are typically described by Hermitian Hamiltonians. The exploration of non-Hermitian physics in classical parity-time (PT)–symmetric systems has provided fertile theoretical and experimental ground to develop systems exhibiting exotic behavior. Wu et al. now demonstrate that non-Hermitian physics can be found in a solid-state quantum system. They developed a protocol, termed dilation, which transformed a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian into a Hermitian one. This allowed them to investigate PT-symmetric physics with a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The results provide a starting point for exploiting and understanding the exotic properties of PT-symmetric Hamiltonians in quantum systems.

Science , this issue p. [878][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaw8205


Summary A concentration of archaeological features at Achnasavil, Carradale, which has been recorded since 1985, is being rapidly destroyed by river erosion. Limited excavations were carried out in 1991 in order to date and characterise the nature of the site. Four periods of activity have been identified: cultivation in the Neolithic period; an occupation in the early Bronze Age; a domestic settlement in the late Bronze Age; and an Iron Age occupation. A programme of morphological mapping and dating of valley floor terraces in lower Carradale showed that the present day flood plain of the Carra Water was created by the early Neolithic period and the morphology of the valley floor has changed little since that time.


The pure ${\mathrm{As}}^{75}$ nuclear quadrupole resonances (NQR) of crystalline and amorphous ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ have been investigated and compared. The temperature dependence of the resonance frequencies, the asymmetry parameters $\ensuremath{\eta}$, and the orientation of the principal axes of the electric field grandient with respect to the crystal axes have been obtained for crystalline ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ (orpiment). We obtain ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{I}}=0.343$ and ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{II}}=0.374$, where I and II refer to the two inequivalent As sites in the unit cell. A Townes-Dailey calculation for the NQR frequency of the asymmetric As${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ pyramidal unit has also been performed. The NQR spectrum of crystalline ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ consists of two narrow lines approximately 50 kHz wide occuring at 70.38 and 72.86 MHz at 4.2 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, while the spectrum of amorphous ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ consists of a broad line with 3.5-MHz halfwidth. This is explained by a distribution of apex pyramidal bonding angles in the glass with a halfwidth of \ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The nuclear transverse relaxation times ${T}_{2}$ have been measured by the spin-echo technique in both the glass and the crystal. In the crystal, ${T}_{2}=0.6$ msec for site II, and ${T}_{2}\ensuremath{\cong}1$ msec for site I; while we obtain ${T}_{2}=0.6$ msec for the glass. The close agreement between the glass and crystal transverse relaxation indicates the retention of some crystalline correlation in the glass. The spin-lattice relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ has been measured as a function of temperature in the crystal and can be fit by the relation ${T}_{1}=30.64{sinh}^{2}(\frac{14.5}{kT})$, indicating that the nuclei relax by Raman scattering of optical phonons. The spin-lattice relaxation time measured in the glass is much faster, obeying the relation ${T}_{1}=125{T}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The faster relaxation in the glass indicates the presence of extra low-frequency modes which are absent in the crystal.


The use of machine learning to predict crop yields is important for development, since the proposal of this solution will improve and facilitate the task of the whole department of the agricultural sector in calculations and predictions, will help to focus on optimizing the infrastructure for the production of crops. In this paper, a solution is proposed for automating the forecast of grain yield based on machine learning using the XGBRegressor algorithm with a collected dataset of 44 parameters in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan and for each region of the Republic of Kazakhstan separately. Comparisons were made with the Linear Regression and Decision Tree Regressor algorithms. Validation was carried out for the period 01.2012 - 09.2020, the test was carried out at 10.2020. As a result, a model was obtained that predicts the yield quite accurately compared to other algorithms, and the results were interpreted using the RMSE metric to understand the difference more accurately between the algorithms and the errors made by the model.


Purpose – This paper seeks to concern itself with the implications for the management of customer relationships of pursuing a multi‐channel approach.Design/methodology/approach – The case study method is used in analysing the situation of four organizations from the UK financial services industry. A conceptual framework covering structural, people and process elements is utilized to examine the challenges to be overcome in providing an integrated approach to customer management.Findings – The addition of new channels alongside those already in existence opens up new areas of the organization to customer contact and creates significant challenges in relation to staff roles and existing processes for interacting with customers. Channel integration is a strategic issue potentially requiring structural changes to the organization and changes in the behaviour of customers.Research limitations/implications – This exploratory research suggests the need for studies in relationship marketing to take cross‐discipli...


Experimental and theoretical results on the mode-locking dynamics in vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers with semiconductor and graphene saturable absorber mirrors are reviewed with an emphasis on the role of nonequilibrium carrier effects. The systems are studied theoretically using a fully microscopic many-body model for the carrier distributions and polarizations, coupled to Maxwell's equations for the field propagation. Pump-probe measurements are performed with (sub-) 100 fs resolution. The analysis shows that the non-equilibrium carrier dynamics in the gain quantum-wells and saturable absorber medium significantly influences the system's response and the resulting mode-locked pulses. The microscopic model is used to study the pulse build up from spontaneous emission noise and to determine the dependence of achievable pulse lengths and fluences on the amounts of saturable and non-saturable losses and the optical gain. The change of the group delay dispersion (GDD) on the pump level is examined and the dependence of the pulse lengths on the total amount of GDD is demonstrated experimentally. Theory-experiment comparisons are used to demonstrate the highly quantitative accuracy of the fully microscopic modeling.


by the processes. Moreover, the proposed alternative method cannot be considered equivalent to the sterilisation process defined in the current legislation.


The plug-in technology can be good and improve software reusability and scalability to address software codevelopment and integration issues,has a good theoretical and practical value.This paper analyzes the principle of plug-in technology,explains the plug-in implementation of the program,proposed seismic processing plug-in system.


This paper concerns with the multi-agent distributed leader-follower tracking control problems in the presence of compound uncertainties. These unknown time-varying parts not only lie in the both integral units of the second-order follower dynamics, but also show up in the leader's kinematics. A cascade uncertainty and disturbance estimator (CUDE) based backstepping controller is designed for the followers, which is capable of handling the model uncertainties and input disturbances that respectively appearing in their first-and second-order integral units. However, UDE based methods require accurate modeling of the control system, while the leader is not controllable. Thus, for the leader, the uncertain parts are compensated by constructing a neural network (NN) estimation mechanism. Adaptive estimation parameters are designed according to Lyapunov stability theories to enhance the robustness of the system. The combination of NN and CUDE requires less computational resource than conventional NN-based methods while enabling a valuation of the uncertainty in the leader's equation. Finally, a numerical simulation is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the control scheme.


Objective To investigate the treatment effect of Tongxinluo for revasculatization improvement after PCI using 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT imaging for AMI patients.Methods A total of 38 patients with AMI were randomly divided into a control group (PCI only,18 patients) and Tongxinluo treatment group (20 patients).99Tcm-MIBI myocardial SPECT was performed 7 d and 180 d after PCI.The left ventricular myocardium was divided into 17 segments.The myocardial 99Tcm-MIBI uptake was scored semiquantitatively.The number and scores of abnormal perfusion segments were evaluated in all patients.T-test and x2 test were used to compare the difference between the two groups using SPSS 11.5.Results The total number of abnormal segments in the treatment group was 59 at 7 d after PCI,among which 37 (62.7%,37/59) had improved perfusion at 180 d after PCI.In the control group,64 abnormal segments were found at 7 d after PCI; however,the perfusion was improved in only 26 (40.6%,26/64) segments at 180d after PCI.By comparing the myocardial perfusion defect scores,there was a significant difference (x2 =5.994,P < 0.05) between the control and treatment groups.The total scores of treatment and control groups were 6.2±8.4 and7.4 ±6.9 (t =0.5,P>0.05),respectively,at7 d after PCI and 3.4 ±4.6 and 6.8 ±5.9(t =2.1,P < 0.05),respectively,at 180 d after PCI.The changes in scores were 2.9 ± 5.7 and 0.6 ±3.3(t =1.5,P >0.05) in the treatment and control groups between 7 d and 180 d after PCI.Conclusion Tongxinluo can reduce the number of persistent perfusion defects after PCI treatment in patients with AMI,and thus has a potential role in preventing revascularization failure.

Key words:
Myocardial infarction;  Myocardial reperfusion;  Tongxinluo;  Tomography,emission-computed, single-photon;  MIBI


With respect to its elasto-mechanical behaviour, the adult heartwood of Common Yew (Taxus baccata L.) stands out from the remaining European conifers: In spite of its high raw density, the longitudinal Young's modulus is astonishingly low and the elastic strain is high. This makes yew an interesting case study. The radial and tangential elasticity, however, is largely unknown.


Objective To assess the clinical outcomes of unilateral temporomandibular joint(TMJ) ankylosis,with the surgery of gap arthroplasty or arthroplasty of repositioning of articular disc used as interpositional material.Methods Twenty-one cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Universty of South China,which were unilateral TMJ ankylosis patients treated from January 2006 to October 2011 with the surgery of gap arthroplasty(12 cases)or arthroplasty of repositioning of articular disc(9 cases),were followed up from 1 to 3 years to investigate the maximal mouth opening.Results The average maximal mouth opening and the percentage of the good effective cases of the group with repositioning of articular disc were higher than the group with gap arthroplasty from 1 to 3 years postoperatively.There was statistically significant difference(P=0.005).Conclusion The clinical outcomes of arthroplasty of repositioning of articular disc is better than that gap arthroplasty,so we should preserve reposition of articular disc if the residual disc can be found and used as interpositional material.


Rationale: Private health insurance (PHI) covers 45 million people in Brazil, which makes it one of the largest market in the world. It was until recently unregulated, and little information was available on its characteristics and impact. Recently available data make it possible to assess its impact. Objectives: Assess the characteristics of enrollees in private health insurance and evalutate its impact on access to and utilization of health care. Methodology: The study uses national household-level data to assess the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals covered by private voluntary insurance, and applies the two-step Heckman regression model to estimate the impact of PHI on access to health services. Results: Individuals enrolled in a PHI plan have a significantly higher probability of seeking care and tend to go to the doctor more often than those not covered by private insurance and relying on the universal and free public system. Income and formal employment are also associated with greater health care usage. Females and whites tend to use more health services than men and african-brazilians. Enrollees are also healthier than the general population. Conclusions: Being covered by a private health insurance plan increases access and utilization of health services. However, given the overall satisfactory utilization rates in the public system, part of this higher utilization may be deemed unnecessary or excess demand, a common effect of health insurance. On the other hand, the characteristics of individuals enrolled in PHI are indicative of risk selection from the part of private health plans.


As an alternative to crude oil, the production of hexose sugars from agro-waste may be viewed as an environmentally benign process for sustainable chemicals/fuels production. A range of high-value industrial chemicals and fuels can be accessed from biomass-derived hexose sugars. This work evaluated the production of hexose sugars from yam peels (agro-waste) via enzymatic hydrolysis using different fungi from the trichocomaceae family namely, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamari, Pencillium citrinum, and Penicillium chrysogenum respectively. The agro-waste (yam peels) samples were inoculated directly with the respective fungi without any form of pre-treatment. Hexose yields of 8.75±0.07%, 8.10±0.07%, 2.75±0.25% and 2.75±0.25 were obtained for A. niger, A. tamari, P. citrinum, and P. chrysogenum respectively when the samples were sterilized for 20 minutes at 121oC. Under the same experimental conditions, the control sample gave a minimal yield of 1.50±0.35%. Regardless of the enzyme employed, the amount of hexose sugars produced increased steadily with an increase in sterilization time (40, 60, 80, and 100 minutes). Optimum hexose yields of 16.90±0.71%, 15.50±0.35%, 7.00±0.01%, 7.00±0.05% were recorded for A. niger, A. tamari, P. citrinum, and P. chrysogenum respectively at 100 minutes sterilization time. Generally, P. citrinum, and P. chrysogenum gave similar but low hexose yields while A.niger and A. tamari afforded high and distinct hexose yields. Amongst the different fungi screened, A. niger was the most efficient enzyme for the hydrolysis giving the highest hexose sugar yields under the different conditions employed. The performance of the different fungi was evaluated against three different concentrations (0.5M, 1.0 M, 1.5M) of HCl and H2SO4 acid-catalysed hydrolysis of the yam peels respectively. At 1.0 M concentrations HCl and H2SO4 respectively, the hexose yields of 6.40 ± 0.40 % and 7.60 ± 0.20% obtained were on par with those obtained for the enzymes P. citrinum (7.00±0.01%) and P. chrysogenum (7.00±0.05%) after 100 minutes sterilization time. Regardless of acid concentrations, A. niger, and A. tamari enzymes were more effective for the hydrolysis than the HCl and H2SO4 acid-catalysed process with A. niger being the most effective for the hydrolysis. Therefore, a combination of the A-niger and any heterogenous green catalyst is a promising strategy for further transformation of hexose sugars obtained from agro-wastes to higher value chemicals like levulinic acid in a one-pot synthesis. The extended sterilization time may also be a suitable pre-treatment alternative to mineral acids.


Andy Clark has convincingly argued that the tools that we as humans recruit become integrated parts of an extended cognitive system that includes us as just one component. In this chapter, a Reversed Parity Principle is outlined, which can be used to show how humans can "hack" their own minds in order to build inner mental tools, thus changing our existing cognitive abilities in yet another way. The Reversed Parity Principle (RRP) invites a perspectival shift that is potentially as illuminating as the extended mind shift. Whereas extended mind arguments invite us to think of ourselves as broader, wider, and larger than we might otherwise, the RPP invites us to consider the strangeness and otherness that lies within what would normally be considered to be "us."


The article develops a parallel reading of two texts: an excerpt from Der tolle Mensch (§ 125 of The Gay Science , Nietzsche) and parable Ein commentar (Kafka's aphorism). Not looking to perform a comparative analysis to point out some approaches and some distances. As a mediator of this attempt to read, we use a letter from Walter Benjamin and Modesto Carone's comments about the parable by Kafka.


A mobile device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a power unit which includes one or more power supplies; a sudden power off diagnosing unit which detects the statuses of the one or more power supplies and judges the possibility of sudden power off; and a system which changes an operation mode of a hardware or software based on the possibility of sudden power off.


The pleiotropic effects of estrogen in breast cancer development have been observed at both the initiation and progression phases. Interestingly, alcohol, as a dietary component, has been observed to possess estrogenic activity, but the synergistic interaction between alcohol and estrogen and its cellular targets remains undefined. Our previous study identified neovascularization as a cellular target of estrogen that was mediated by the mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) and their subsequent incorporation within the tumor mass. The present study was undertaken to define the synergistic interaction between estrogen and alcohol using a cell culture model. To examine the effects of both estrogen and alcohol on breast cancer progression, we developed an in vitro model using the murine mammary tumor cell line, TG1-1, and the murine endothelial cell line, SVEC4-10. Neovascularization was assayed by the tubulogenesis and scratch wound assays as well as quantitating the expression of various provasculogenic markers. Conditioned media, generated by culturing the murine mammary cancer cell line, TG1-1, in estrogen and ethanol, was observed to enhance tubule formation and migration of the murine endothelial cell line, SVEC4-10. In addition, the TG1-1 conditioned media enhanced the prosurvival MAP kinase-signaling pathway in SVEC4-10 cells. Presumably, the observed enhancement of both endothelial cell tubulogenesis and migration is in part attributed to provasculogenic proteins secreted by TG1-1 cells. In order to address this, Western blot analysis using TG1-1 cell lysates indicated an increase in VEGF, MMP-9, and eNOS expression in presence of alcohol and estrogen. As a whole, our data suggest that both estrogen and alcohol function to enhance expression of key provasculogenic molecules in breast cancer cells, which in turn modulates the morphologic, migratory, and survival properties of endothelial cells. Citation Format: Natalie C. Cruz, Rachana Maniyar, Robert Suriano. Alcohol enhances estrogen-responsive breast cancer neovascularization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2059.


The invention relates to an ultraviolet light-curable glass coating and a preparation method thereof. The ultraviolet light-curable glass coating is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of carbamic acid acrylate, 15-30 parts of (3) ethylene oxide trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 25-30 parts of dipentaerythrito five/six acrylic ester and 5-15 parts of a coating additive. The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly stirring and mixing the carbamic acid acrylate with the coating additive at 60-80 DEG C, and then adding the (3) ethylene oxide trimethylolpropane triacrylate and the dipentaerythrito five/six acrylic ester to agitate, so as to obtain the ultraviolet light-curable glass coating. The ultraviolet light-curable glass coating disclosed by the invention has good adhesive force and high hardness, is friendly to the environment and free of toxicity, and is especially suitable for surface coating of an optical fiber, so as to play a protecting role. The ultraviolet light-curable glass coating is simple in preparation method, low in cost and good in application prospect.


Energy consumed the in urban sector accounts for a large proportion of total world delivered energy consumption. Residential building energy consumption is an important part of urban energy consumption. However, there are few studies focused on this issue and that have simulated the energy consumption of residential buildings using questionnaire data. In this research, an eQUEST study was conducted for different residential buildings in the Olympic Central Area in Beijing. Real-time meteorological observation data and an actual energy consumption schedule generated by questionnaire data were used to improve the eQUEST model in the absence of actual energy consumption data. The simulated total energy consumption of residential buildings in the case area in 2015 is 21,262.28 tce, and the average annual energy consumption per unit area is 20.09 kgce/(m2·a). Space heating accounted for 45% of the total energy consumption as the highest proportion, and the second highest was household appliances, which accounted for 20%. The results showed that old residential buildings, multi-storey buildings and large-sized apartment buildings consume more energy. The internal units, building height, per capita construction area, the number of occupants and length of power use had significant impact on residential energy consumption. The result of this study will provide practical reference for energy saving reconstruction of residential buildings in Beijing.


Flashback in gas turbine burners is a highly transient flame propagation process. Different optical measurement techniques have been applied to investigate this phenomenon. Intensified High Speed Video recordings and a special optical flame sensor have been used to investigate the flame dynamics. Steady and unsteady flow has been measured by a Laser-Doppler-Anemometer.The laser induced fluorescence of the OH-radical was applied to visualize reaction zones.With the simultaneous use of these techniques a substantial database for the investigation of the flashback causes was generated.


The study was aimed to investigate the anthelmintic efficacy of aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya against gastrointestinal helminths of goats. The animals positive for helminth infestation were selected and given aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya while, normal healthy control group was kept without any treatment. Haemo-biochemical parameters were assessed. Aqueous seed extract of Carica papaya demonstrated significant decrease in average EPG count of helminth infested goats. The progressive per cent decrease in EPG was observed as 41.26%, 73.80% and 90.47% on 3rd day, 7th day and on 21st day post-treatment respectively. Haematological parameters showed appreciable increase however, biochemical parameters were unaffected indicating extract having better efficacy on blood profile. Based on the results obtained in this study it was found that, the aqueous extract of Carica papaya possesses better anthelmintic activity and could offer an alternative source for control of gastrointestinal helminths of goats.


To facilitate dynamic media streaming, there is provided a device, system, and computer program products. In this regard, the server, at least a portion of the media file may receive a transport protocol for at least a portion of a media file that indicates that it will be streamed to a content consumption device requesting the media file. In response, multiple fragments can be sent to the consumer device may be determined based on the transfer protocol request, can be a plurality of fragments in the following it will be sent to a content consumption device in response to the transfer protocol request.


The three point block method for solving second order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) directly using constant step size is derived. The reliability of this new method is verified in the numerical results with the improved performance in terms of computation time while maintaining the accuracy. The comparison is presented between the new method and classical backward differentiation formulas (BDF) of order 3.


AbstractPropagation of nonlinear waves in solid waveguides is a branch of wave mechanics that has received ever-increasing interest in the last few decades. Nonlinear guided waves are promising candidates for interrogating long waveguide-like structures as they conveniently combine high sensitivity to peculiar structural conditions (defects, quasi-static loads, instability conditions), typical of nonlinear parameters, with large inspection ranges, characteristic of wave propagation in confined media. However, the mathematical framework governing the nonlinear guided wave phenomena becomes extremely difficult when characterized to waveguides that are complex in either material (damping, anisotropy, heterogeneous, and the like) or geometry (multilayers, geometric periodicity, and the like). Therefore, the successful use of nonlinear guided waves as a structural diagnostic tool is not always a trivial task. In particular, the efficiency of nonlinear structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques based on high...


Under humid coastal climate conditions, "Over-current or timeout" signal appears in the process of energy storage, then the electromotor burnout. The phenomenon is common for LWG9–252 type SF6 high voltage circuit breaker. The problems related to relay selection, circuit design, climatic conditions and working condition of heater and dehumidifier. This paper points out that the selection of airbag type time relay is an important cause of the stored energy electromotor frequent burning out. In addition, the optimization suggestions of energy storage circuit are put forward.


At Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the collection and disposal of large volume (0.5 to 0.7 million gpd), low level radioactive liquid waste is accomplished through a process waste water system. The wastes from laboratory sinks, decontamination-pad drains, floor drains, storage canals, evaporator condensates, and water from various development processes are collected in an excavated settling basin (approximately 1.6 million gallons design capacity) and discharged through a continuous flow-measurement, proportional-sampling station into White Oak Creek, White Oak Lake (a 50 acre, 10/sup 7/ ft/sup 3/ impoundment), and the Clinch River. To minimize the danger of accidental or emergency discharges and increase the factor of safety for normal operations, a process waste water treatment plant was essential. The plant employs gravimetric chemical feeding, flash mixing, coagulation, and sedimentation, and has a capacity of 500,000 gallons per day. The recirculation of plant effluent, the return of preformed crystals (sludge), and repeated precipitation is possible. An 800,000 gallon equalizing basin is provided to minimize fluctuations in chemical composition of the influent wastes. Operating experience during the past year has shown that the plant is capable of removing 90% of the radioactive strontium and rare earths and reducing the calcium content to less than 30more » ppM. Operation of the plant is controlled by routine analytical determinations and is being improved by statistically designed laboratory studies.« less


The process of the ion-exchange method for the isolation and purification of bioinhibitory product from culture liquids (CL) of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. rhamnosus, has been studied and the optimum parameters of the process have been determined. To purify the target product from related admixtures the eluates after the ion-exchange isolation were subjected to extraction. The experiments showed that dimethylkietone and diethylkretone proved to be the most efficient extragents. The yield of the target product from the supernatant was ~ 64 % taking into account the solution return to the technological cycle. The bioinhibiting activity of the obtained product was equal to 28,000 AU/ml. The accompanying bactericidal effect of lactic acid on the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cultures was only visible at pH < 3.4 and concentration more than 0.5%.


Among the many exciting developments that have marked SEG in recent years (and the list is long: creation of the SEG Advanced Modeling initiative, the emergence of the SEG Foundation as a major driver of student programs, the implementation of a very ambitious and complex restructuring of the Society's Web-based capabilities, and a greatly expanded lecture tour program, to name some of the most prominent), most can be linked to a common denominator.


Maintaining a full and proper record of the operative notes is a Professional responsibility of a surgeon. There is a need to replace existing traditional ways of recording operative notes with the use of a Database. Such Databases can also be used at regional and national levels to assess workload and training.


Significant improvements in the performance of the triac voltage control of split-phase fan motors can be achieved by increasing the rotor resistance and winding ratio. These improvements include a reduction in the maximum main winding current and an increase in the speed stability throughout the control range. The analysis of the motor performance with triac control of the main winding voltage only, is based on independent consideration of the functional (supply) frequency and harmonic content of the applied chopped sinusoidal voltage. Excellent agreement with measured results is obtained and comparision with variac control can be made directly.


The main purpose of this study is to predict the unemployment rate in Indonesia by using time series data from 1986 to 2015 using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). A differencing process is required due to the actual time series of the unemployment rates in Indonesia is non-stationary. The results show that the best model for forecasting the unemployment rate in Indonesia by using the ARIMA (0,2,1) model. The forecasting results reveal that the unemployment rate in Indonesia tends to decrease continuously. The average of the residuals is close to zero which informs a good result of the forecasting analysis.


This research paper provides a case study of experiences of engineering faculty members at a large university in Ireland working together to transform their teaching methods. We investigate eight teachers' experiences of a faculty-led learning community designed to help individuals transform their courses. This small collection of faculty met regularly to discuss ways to facilitate and assess students working in groups. Outside the group's meetings, participants brought important issues to the forefront of formal and informal discussion with colleagues. Participation in the learning group encouraged, supported, and helped sustain change. This case study seeks to provide insight and a conceptual model for implementing changes. In analyzing the mechanisms that fostered change in one particular program and then interpreting the findings, we draw conclusions that can help faculty members, program administrators, strategists, and policy makers facilitate change in their other educational settings.


The influence of different content of three-leaf shaped modified polypropylene fiber on performance of dry-mixed mortar such as workability, strength, crack resistance,impermeability and anti-water evaporation has been studied. The mechanism of anti-cracking and toughening of fibers has been analyzed. Study on performance of mortar with different content of fiber found out that when volume percentage of fiber is 0.1%~0.12%,it has remarkable effect in mortar improvement and more economic; when volume percentage of fiber is 0.1%,crack resistance of mortar can increase 75.7%.Adding fiber can change water evaporation process and slow up water evaporation speed at early stage of mortar.


Layer-by-layer structures of dodecanethiol-encapsulated Au nanoparticles have been formed on Si(001) and quartz substrates at different surface pressures by Langmuir-Blodgett method. Optical absorption spectra and out-of-plane structural information have been obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray reflectivity measurements, respectively. With time the thickness of the film decreases keeping the layered structure unchanged but finally monolayer like structure forms. Localized surface plasmon resonance peaks obtained from the UV-Vis spectra show that coupling between Au nanoparticles occurs at the initial stage of the reorganization process as the interparticle distance decreases and as a result, a redshift in the plasmon peak wavelength takes place. Maximum redshift occurs for the monolayer and the peak shift linearly decreases for the multilayer structures. After prolonged reorganization when all layered structures transform into monolayer like structure again redshift occurs but in this process the ...


In this article Andrew Sutcliffe reflects on his experience as a subject–specialist support teacher in science. His insiders' view will strike many chords with others, across a range of subject specialisms, who are either developing this role, or perhaps have held it in the past. The issues raised are important, not least among them the vulnerability of the role, but also its potential, in relation to the developing role of the learning support assistant. This suggests that much more research is required to establish the parameters of such a role in the context of rapidly changing policy.


Contributors review the state of current knowledge and document progress in the anatomy and physiology of the spleen. Topics include: general features, pathophysiology, splenomegaly, imaging and surgery, and new trends. The role of the spleen in various diseases is clarified, among them: hypo- and h


Social Networks is one of the major technological phenomena on the Web 2.0. The evolution of social media has led to a trend of posting daily photos on online Social Network Platforms (SNPs). The privacy of online photos is often protected carefully by security mechanisms. However, these mechanisms will lose effectiveness when someone spreads the photos to other platforms. Photo Chain, a blockchain-based secure photo sharing framework that provides powerful dissemination control for cross-SNP photo sharing. In contrast to security mechanisms running separately in centralized servers that do not trust each other, our framework achieves consistent consensus on photo dissemination control through carefully designed smart contract-based protocols. These protocols to create platform-free dissemination trees for every image, providing users with complete sharing control and privacy protection. Considering the possible privacy conflicts between owners and subsequent re-posters in cross-SNP sharing, it design a dynamic privacy policy generation algorithm that maximizes the flexibility of re-posters without violating formers' privacy. Moreover, Go-sharing also provides robust photo ownership identification mechanisms to avoid illegal reprinting. It introduces a random noise black box in a two-stage separable deep learning process to improve robustness against unpredictable manipulations. Through extensive real-world simulations, the results demonstrate the capability and effectiveness of the framework across a number of performance metrics.


The fission of bismuth by high energy photons is detected by a photographic plate technique and some measurements on the cross section as a function of the photon energy are reported.


At high temperatures, the average amplitude of vibration of molecules becomes large. Anharmonicity and rotation-vibration interactions contribute a greater proportion of the thermodynamic functions as the amplitudes go up. In order to determine the effect of the large amplitude motions, the free energy is written as G = G classical + G correction, where G classical includes anharmonic and rotation-vibration terms and G correction is the approximate correction due to quantization. The formal expressions for G are written out for linear triatomic molecules and applied to C/sub 3/ and CO/sub 2/ as examples.


We present simulations of a four-component mixture of HCNO with orbital free molecular dynamics (OFMD). These simulations were conducted for 5-200 eV with densities ranging between 0.184 and 36.8 g/cm3. We extract the equation of state from the simulations and compare to average atom models. We found that we only need to add a cold curve model to find excellent agreement. Additionally, we studied mass transport properties. We present fits to the self-diffusion and shear viscosity that are able to reproduce the transport properties over the parameter range studied. We compare these OFMD results to models based on the Coulomb coupling parameter and one-component plasmas.


Palm oil is an important cash crop for Malaysia and determining the factors affecting the diffusion of this cash crop is considered a viable strategy for attracting farmers to take up palm oil farming. This study seeks to measure the influence of palm oil innovation characteristics, the level of knowledge, social system and communication channels towards acceptance of agricultural innovation among smallholder palm oil farmers. Diffusion of Innovation Theory is adopted in formulating the theoretical framework to measure how the palm oil innovation is diffused among the smallholder farming community. This study employed a quantitative approach to obtain data from smallholder farmers in an area in Sarawak, East Malaysia. A survey using a questionnaire was used to collect data from ninety-nine (99) sampled respondents representing the smallholder palm oil farmers. From the findings, only the characteristics of innovation and communication channels significantly influenced the acceptance of oil palm innovation among the farmers on the East Coast of Malaysia. However, unlike the characteristics of innovation, which positively influenced innovation acceptance, the influence of communication channels was negative. The use of communication channels, especially radio and new media for development should be geared up as an aspect of development communication.


Background—Dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are under-recognized in community settings. This may be due in part to the lack of brief dementia screening tools available to clinicians. We compared two brief, informant-based screening tests: the AD8 and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) in a community-based neurology practice in the Midwestern United States Methods—We examined 186 consecutive patients (44 controls, 13 with MCI, and 129 with dementia). Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to examine the ability of AD8 and IQCODE to discriminate between controls and MCI or dementia. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were reported. Results—AD8 differentiated healthy controls from MCI (p


Environmental impact assessment (EIA) and environmental management plan (EMP) is a statutory requirement for execution of new mining projects or for expansion of the operating projects. For this purpose, quantification of blasting dust emission is required. This can be done by developing emission factors for blasting. The concept is similar to that of specific charge in blasting. For mining operations other than blasting, quantification of dust can be done using emis- sion factors. Emission estimation techniques are very limited for blasting. In this study, the emission factors were de- veloped by carrying out a detailed field study at one of the largest opencast coal mines of India in all four seasons. Da- ta on atmospheric and meteorological conditions were generated by installing sodar and automatic weather station at the mine site. Respirable dust samplers were installed for monitoring of the dust emitted during coal or overburden bench blasting. Emission factors for dust concentrations were developed in gram per cubic meter of rock excavated. The developed emission factors were used to estimate dust emissions for adjacent mines due to similarity in mining and meteorological conditions. Seasonal variations in moisture contents in benches, where dust was monitored, indicated the lowest emission factors in monsoon due to high moisture in the bench materials. Similar field studies were also conducted at another coalfield of India for two seasons. It was found that the emission factors are site-specific.


There is a paucity of Australian
research on elder abuse perpetrated by carers. Knowing how individuals would
respond to an elder abuse scenario can inform prevention and intervention
strategies. The objective of this study was to determine how undergraduate
university students enrolled in caring profession degrees respond to an elder
abuse scenario. The design of the study involved a paper-and-pencil survey
using an elder abuse scenario. Thirty-two undergraduate volunteer students
enrolled in a regional university participated in the study. Confronted with
the scenario, students would offer the elder physical support such as house
cleaning, they would recommend that the elder access government welfare
agencies, and consider moving to elder accommodation. They would recommend that
the carer get a job, clean the house and call tradespeople. Students enrolled
in caring profession degrees, irrespective of gender, were prepared to take
actions to improve the welfare of the abuse victim.


Project schedule delay and cost overrun have become a normal matter to witness and at a certain point, it textures almost likely that it would be an inevitable result. Such result could be avoided if we identify the causes of delay and try to mitigate the challenges early phase in the project. An effective Project Manager manages all aspects of EPC project and he must understand the causes of problems. This case study aims to explore problems faced in EPC projects that lead to cost overrun and schedule delay, and to explore good practices to minimize impact on overall project.
 The methodology adopted consists of survey, interviews and case study approach. A survey was used to collect the common causes of EPC Project delays and cost overrun. An interview approach used to find out significant delay and success factors together with effective management practices collected from survey. Later, case study approach is used to validate the information gathered previously and to understand the relation and consequences of each factor. The interviewee were project managers, project controls manager, construction manager, discipline engineers, subject matter experts and client representatives, etc. from several EPC contractors and clients.
 There are several causes of EPC projects delay and cost overrun and every project may have its own challenges but many found to be common among projects. Sometimes, it may be a single trigger event that leads to delays or a combination of events. The case study reveals that major factors contributing to schedule delay and cost overrun are mostly related to project complexity, aggressive unrealistic schedule, weak or poor planning and control, inherited bidding inaccuracies and estimation mistakes, ineffective leadership and poor decision-making, absence of project management practices, etc. Also, design changes, delay in placing POs, lack of team competency, late client approvals, late vendor information, delay in PTW issuance, inadequate construction resources, quality issues and reworks, and ignoring previous project's lesson learned. Further most, poor risk management, poor interface management between project stakeholders contributes to cost overrun and delays. This case study findings may be helpful to EPC contractors, clients, project sponsors, project managers, construction managers and other stakeholders to understand the major factors, causes and problems that they may face during EPC project lifecycle and how to overcome such challenges effectively.
 This case study can be viewed as a lesson learned approach. This study will guide them in developing and adopting necessary effective and efficient project management practice to complete the EPC projects within budget, on schedule with good quality, and safety. Stakeholders' awareness about causes of delay give them more options and improve capability in problem-solving throughout the project life-cycle.


The spatial variations in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) band intensities are generally attributed to variations of the physical conditions in the environment hosting the emitting PAH molecules. However, in recent years, it has been suggested that such variations are caused mainly by extinction. To resolve this question, we have obtained near-infrared (NIR), mid-infrared (MIR) and radio observations of the compact HII region IRAS 12063-6259. We use these data to construct multiple independent extinction maps and to measure the main PAH feature intensities (6.2, 7.7, 8.6 and 11.2 µm). Three extinction maps are derived: the first using the NIR hydrogen lines and case B recombination theory; the second combining the NIR data, radio data and case B recombination; and the third making use of the Spitzer/IRS MIR observations to measure the 9.8 µm silicate absorption feature intensity using the Spoon method and PAHFIT. We conclude that different areas of IRAS 12063-6259 possess markedly different extinction properties, with some regions displaying both silicate absorption and corresponding NIR extinction, and other regions displaying NIR extinction and no corresponding silicate absorption. While such breakdowns of the relationship between the NIR extinction and the silicate absorption strength have been observed in molecular clouds, they have never been observed for HII regions. We then compare the PAH intensity variations in the Spitzer/IRS data after dereddening to those found in the original data. Generally it was found that the PAH band intensity variations persist even after dereddening, implying that extinction is not the main cause of the PAH band intensity variations.


The planning of the World Exposition Shanghai was introduced from the aspects of the planning range,spatial layout,the scale of the construction,expected visitors flow rate,and so on. The risk of fire and explosion,jostlement and stampede accidents,terrorist attacks,natural disasters,gas leakage accidents,large area power outage,paralysis of computer network system and other accidents were analyzed,based on which the fire safety countermeasures were put forward by considering the security layout,fire fighting facilities and fire safety management.


The cleft of the lip and palate is the most common congenital anomaly affecting the cranio-facial region [1,2]. The etiology of CLP is said to be multi-factorial having both genetic and environmental causes. Clefts may be localized defects or may be associated with widespread structural changes in other parts of the skull [3]. Several studies have shown that the growth and displacement of the maxilla is directly linked to the growth and angulation of the cranial base [4-6]. Hence it may be assumed that any anomaly in the cranial base may have impact on the growth as well as spatial position of the naso-maxillary complex.


The far-reaching changes taking place in India in recent decades call for an examination of the changing relation between individual and society. This process, resulting in a transformation of collective identity into individual identity, is discussed in this paper in an historical and theoretical setting. It is implied that similar principles of change that transformed the European society couple of centuries ago are at work in the Indian society at present. So also, the theoretical insights developed in the western sociology are employed in comprehending the changes in India. Although the European and Indian societies are distinct in form, they are undergirded by similar basic principles


Lithium and valproate are mood stabilizers known to cause tremor. This article concisely addresses etiological questions, expected time frame of tremor onset, and treatment options for this medication-induced side effect. Along with dosage modifications of the tremor-inducing medication, authors review evidence from small trials of adjunctive treatment modalities.


Objective To reveal diversity of mosquitoes by analyzing the data obtained from Jinan international airport. Methods 7 indices,species richness,relative rare species,relative abominable species,probability of interspecies encounter (PIE), evenness,dominant species and density of population,were analyzed. Results 2 018 mosquitoes were collected, of which 1 086 were from the human habitation, 362 from the surrounding of the airport square and 570 from an airport hotel. Culex pipiens pallens was dominant,especially in human habitation. There were the most and the least mosquitoes in human habitation and at the airport square, respectively. And it was in-between at the airport hotel. The results of the paper show that the diversity of mosquito was different at distinct mosquito habitat.Conclusion The mosquito diversity needs more study.


The aim of the study was to identify a potential occurrance of c.*1232G>A polymorphism in the 3 (cid:48) –UTR region of the myostatin gene ( MSTN ) in sheep of meat breeds: Pomeranian sheep, Suffolk and Berrichon du Cher. The populations of Suffolk and Berrichon du Cher breeds turned out to be monomorphic, whereas in the native Pomeranian sheep, the occurrence of polymorphism in the region of the MSTN gene was demonstrated. The Pomeranian sheep were characterized by a higher frequency of the mutated A allele (0.41), the frequency of genotypes AA and GA was 0.18 and 0.46 respectively. The effect of polymorphism c.*1232G>A on the body weight of ewes on the day of license has not been observed.


management of real time applications demands a new approach for an effective service quality provision. The traditional approach of network management based on Quality of Service (QoS) parameters like jitter, throughput, delay and loss cannot give enough details of how user quality demands. Therefore network management approach must start from user's point of view to the network side. This kind of approach is called a user-centric network management approach which ensures that end users quality of experience (QoE) is maintained. Most of network management systems have manage and monitor network performance without knowing what users are experiencing. This paper propose a framework to measure and manage QoE in networked systems. It is clear that a network which can identify user's quality requirement and optimize itself will simply meet users' demands, and hence users' satisfaction which is define as QoE. Another key issue which has not been implemented by existing systems is the issue of compensation. If network systems at the time of requesting cannot offer resources enough to meet users' demands, then users should be compensated. In achieving those requirements, the proposed framework is designed with five key elements which are QoE- predictor, Network Management & Mediation System (NMMS), Resource Allocations &Management System (RAMS), Service Level Agreement Management System (SLAMS) and Billing System (BS).


Recent discussion regarding the reading of Scripture has suffered from much confusion. Many evangelicals (and Protestants more generally) have pleaded for the primacy of divine action in revelation. For their own part, many catholic-minded theologians have noted the necessity of human activity, particularly in its ecclesial form. Both accounts have much for which to be commended and leave much to be desired. The bipolar nature of the debate, however, bespeaks the confused nature of doctrinal formulation in these days. Both sides have assumed that their emphasis competes with the concerns of the other side-such an assumption may seem politically savvy, though I shall argue that it fails to sit well with the traditional doctrine of divine transcendence. A dogmatic argument for God's transcendence will be shown to necessitate discussion of both divine and human action. According to classical Christian doctrine, God's transcendence and otherness allow for creaturely activity. God is divine; humans are not. God is his own existence. Humans exist as God's own. For humans to be free to act is not to take causal authority away from God. Rather, God's fullness provides for and grants existence to creaturely causal agency. At least since the rise of nominalism in the high middle ages, Christian theology has begun to sense tension between the existence of divine and human action. Com-