Introduction
 Intestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD), following allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-HSCT), comes with a high mortality rate and a reduced life-expectancy. In this context, failure to respond to steroid therapy is associated with an absence of further therapeutic options, thereby representing an unmet medical need. A marked reduction in gut microbiota diversity leading to loss of functions was strongly associated with reduced overall survival in GvHD, while a high gut microbiota diversity appears to be protective. Aiming at restoring microbiome functions, Fecal Microbiota Transfer proved to be a promising treatment modality in this challenging clinical situation, with recent studies reporting favorable results in steroid refractory-acute GVHD (SR-aGvHD) patients. Here we report on the use of "MaaT013", a standardized, pooled-donor, high-richness microbiota biotherapeutic, used to treat 8 patients with intestinal-predominant aGvHD.
 Patients and methods
 Eight allo-HSCT recipients with steroid-dependent or steroid-refractory gastrointestinal GvHD (classical aGVHD n=3, late-onset aGVHD n=2; aGvHD with overlap syndrome n=3) were treated with the MaaT013 biotherapeutic as part of a compassionate use program. These patients had previously received and failed 1 to 5 lines (median 2.5) of GvHD systemic treatments. MaaT013 microbiota biotherapeutics were provided as a pharmaceutical preparation to hospitals by the developer, "MaaT Pharma". Each patient received 1 to 3 doses (median: 3; total doses administered: 21) of MaaT013, a 150 mL bag, by enema (n=7) or nasogastric tube (n=1). GvHD response was evaluated 7 days after each administration and 28 days after the first dose.
 Prepared under Good Manufacturing Practices, MaaT013 biotherapeutics are characterized by a highly consistent richness of 455 +/- 3% Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and an Inverse Simpson index greater than 20. Batch release specifications are based on potency (viability), identity (diversity), and purity (microbiological safety testing following regulatory guidelines and proportion of proinflammatory species), ensuring the desired consistency between batches.
 Results
 We observed 6/8 positive responses at D28 after first dosing, including 3 Complete Responses (CR), one Very Good Partial Response (VGPR), and 2 Partial Responses (PR). Considering the best GI response achieved, all (8/8) patients experienced at least a PR, with 3 CRs, 2 VGPRs and 3 PRs. The 3 patients with CR were still alive at last follow-up (60 to 192 days after last dosing; median: 115 days) and were able to taper and stop steroids and immunosuppressants without relapse of GI symptoms. Of note, among these 3 patients, mild mouth chronic GvHD symptoms persisted in one patient, and relapse of hematologic malignancy was observed in another patient. Among the 8 treated patients, 5 were still alive at last follow-up (60 to 232 days after last dosing; median: 125 days).
 The safety of the MaaT013 microbiota biotherapeutic was satisfactory in all patients. One patient developed a possibly related sepsis one day after the third MaaT013 administration. In the latter case, no pathogen was identified in blood cultures, and the patient recovered after a course of antibiotics.
 Conclusions
 We herein report for the first time the treatment of 8 patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-refractory intestinal aGvHD using a full ecosystem, standardized, pooled-donor, high-richness biotherapeutic. Overall, 3/8 patients attained a complete response following treatment with the off-the-shelf MaaT013 product, shown to be safe and effective in these immunocompromised patients with severe conditions, warranting further exploration of the full ecosystem microbiota restoration approach.

 Malard: Sanofi: Honoraria; JAZZ pharmaceutical: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Therakos/Mallinckrodt: Honoraria; Keocyte: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Plantamura:MaaT Pharma: Employment. Carter:MaaT Pharma: Employment. Chevallier:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria. Blaise:Pierre Fabre medicaments: Honoraria; Molmed: Consultancy, Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria. Mohty:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding.


(Reported by T. E. HAYWARD, M. R. C.S.E., Resident Medical Officer.) [Under the care of Dr. EUSTACE SMITH.] CASE I.-Elizabeth C., a well-nourished child four years old, was admitted on September 25th, I878, with distinctly stridulous breathing, and well-marked recession of the walls of the chest and cyanosis. There was distinct false membrane on the pharynx and one tonsil, while the glands under the jaw were enlarged. The child was restless, and struggled for her breath. Four days previously, she had become a little hoarse; two days later, breathing became stridulous, and it became urgent shortly before admission. Chloroform being given, the trachea was opened above the thyroid, the incision extending into the cricoid, the wound was dilated, and then a thick piece of membrane, one-and-a-half inches long, and presenting a cast of the trachea, was expelled. The trachea was then cleansed with a feather passed through the wound and from the glottis. A large silver tube was inserted, and the child was placed in a steam-tent, the steam being impregnated with carbolic acid; subsequently, solution of thymol was substituted. The tracheal tube was frequently cleaned with a feather dipped in solution of bicarbonate of soda (ten grains to an ounce), while at intervals the spray of the same solution was inhaled, wirh the object of partially dissolving the diphtheritic membrane and aiding its expulsion. There was no albuminuria; the lungs were almost clear, and remained so; the temperature varied from IOO to 102 deg. Fahr. A mixture of iron and quinine was ordered, with half a teaspoonful of brandy every two


The stress-strain constitutive relation for linear viscoelastic materials may be expressed on the real time axis by any of several convolution integral formulations. It has been pointed out by Tsch...


V and host factors can influence HIV-1 progression, hence the definition of relevant parameters to be considered in the rational design of HIV vaccine relies on multiple aspects of host-pathogen interaction. However, the understanding of the functional contribution of immune-related genes in controlling HIV progression toward AIDS is limited by multiple issues, including the (i) genetic background due to individuals coming from different or large geographic area and (ii) viral strain variability in the evaluated cohort. We have analysed the contribution of multiple immune related factors in a cohort of children infected with a monophyletic strain of HIV-1 (CRF02_AG) during an outbreak in the Benghazi Children Hospital in Libya, minimizing the above issues. Аmong the HLA factors associated with progression to AIDS, HLA-B locus was the most interesting locus presenting 10 positions located in peptide binding pocket B and F associated with long term non progressors (LTNP) or fast progressors (FP) in HIV-infected subjects. Polymorphic residues 11S, 74D and 94T, were associated with AIDS progression; while amino acid residues 66N, 80I, 81A, 82L and 83R, were associated with non-progression. From a functional point of view of HLA molecules, the found association correlated with the number of epitopes recognized in silico by the combination of the HLA alleles along the HIV-1 protein sequences circulating in the cohort, and the capability of in vitro response. An increasing importance is currently given to the innate immune response, particularly the one associated to NK cells and the interaction of its receptor with HLA class I molecules. In this context, homozygosis of epitope Bw4 in HLA-B has been associated with delayed progression (Bw4/Bw4: LTNP=30.8%, FP=8.7%, p<0.0019). In addition, for the first time, the polymorphism Val194 located in the α3-domain of HLA-B, showed an association with LTNP (LTNP=73.08%, FP=34.78%; P<0.02). When Val is present at position 194, HLA-B is known to interact with the receptor LIR1 (ILT2/LILRB1/CD85j). Gene variants associated in alteration of the humoral immune response were associated with HIV-progression. In particular, the polymorphisms of enhancer HS1,2, member of the 3' regulatory region of the Ig heavy chain cluster is known to play a role in the variation of the humoral response leading to pathological conditions. All these results suggest that the progression to AIDS might be determined by the combination of different immunogenetic factors, in part determined by the peptide binding capability to HLA molecules and in part by the interaction between HLA class I molecules and NK's receptors. Improved knowledge of HLA peptide presentation and recognition in the context of canonical and non-canonical receptors may allow the development of new strategies for manipulating the immune response against HIV.


In flnite element analysis, methods for the solution of sparse linear systems of equations usually start out with reordering the coe-cient matrix to reduce its bandwidth or proflle. The location of pseudo-peripheral nodes is an important factor in the bandwidth and proflle reduction algorithm. This paper presents a heuristic parameter, called the \width-depth ratio" and denoted by •. With such a parameter, suitable pseudo-peripheral nodes would be found; the distance between which could be much close to or even to be the diameter of a graph compared with Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer (GPS) algorithm. As the new parameter was implemented in GPS algorithm, an improved bandwidth and proflle reduction algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that with the proposed algorithm, sometimes bandwidth and proflle could be reduced by as great as 33.33% and 11.65%, respectively, compared with the outcomes in GPS algorithm, while the execution time of both algorithms is close. Empirical results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to GPS algorithm in reducing bandwidth or proflle.


Marx's generalized productive forces should comprise population reproductive forces, material productive forces, intellectual productive forces and natural productive forces (or ecological productive forces). Their integrity is the integrity of economic productive forces and natural productive forces. Theory of Marx's generlized productive forces include soul of eco - economy productive forces idea. Marx's generalized productive forces,which develop in current China, have formed the most important basic theory of eco -marxism economy.


Objectives: The differentiation between infectious and tumoral lymph node (LN) causes diagnostic difficulties in lung cancer (CA) patients concurrent with Covid-19 pneumonia. In our study, we evaluated the contribution of CT density and PET/CT SUV max measurements to the diagnosis in the differentiation of mediastinal LNs. Methods: In our retrospective study, 20 lung CA and 20 Covid-19 patients with mediastinal lymph node involvement with PET CT were included. Results: The mean LN density value of the participants in the Covid-19 group was 51±1.45 Hounsfield units (HU), and the mean SUV max value was 4.43±0.47. Of the participants in the lung CA group, on the other hand, the mean density value was 38±8.08 HU, and the mean SUV max value was 8.97±3.07. The difference between the density and SUV max values showed a statistically significant difference. Conclusion: We found that density and SUV max values can make a significant contribution to the differential diagnosis in the differentiation between mediastinal LNs of Covid-19 and lung cancer. Early characterization of lymph nodes in this patient group provides a high prognostic chance. Abstract Cite This Article: Öztürk T. Comparative Evaluation of Lymph Node SUV max Values and Density Measurements in the Differentiation of Patients with Lung CA and Covid-19 Pneumonia showing Mediastinal Lymph Node involvement. EJMI


Hollow reinforced concrete columns used in bridges, provide structural benefits such as weight reduction, seismic strength reduction and the foundation forces reduction. However, within the design of these structures, it is necessary to perform a non-linear analysis because columns are primary elements responsible for resisting the damage and collapse of the structure under gravitational and lateral loads...


We propose a new integrated computational environment, called a Knowledge Intensive Engineering Framework (KIEF), to support design object modeling, during engineering design process that requires a variety of design object models, such as a geometric model, a control model, and a finite element model. KIEF is capable of guiding designers with design process knowledge based on a model of synthesis, of integrating multiple design object models, and of maintaining consistency among these models. The design process knowledge is a result of a research project we conduct to establish a model of synthesis. This model formalizes design process knowledge in a design process as operations to a multiple model-based reasoning system, such as KIEF, and from a language of synthesis. We describe a prototype system that incorporates design process knowledge to KIEF and illustrate an example design on it.


A 22-year-old male was admitted to the our clinic with symptoms of palpitation, dizziness, and easy fatigability. On auscultation an apical grade 3/6 late peaking systolic murmur was detected. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present on electrocardiogram (ECG). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a fibromuscular ridge, dividing the left ventricle (LV) into two chambers (Video 1 and 2. See corresponding video/movie images at www. anakarder.com). It was also confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (Fig. 1). We determined a peak 93 mm Hg pressure gradient between apical and basal chambers with Doppler echocardiographic examination (Fig. 2. Upper panel). We performed cardiac catheterization to exclude coronary shunt to LV, and to confirm the pressure gradient between chambers. Cardiac catheterization disclosed normal coronaries, and doublechambered LV with normal pressure in basal chamber (Fig. 3). Unfortunately, catheter-induced runs of ventricular tachycardia prevent us to reach the apical chamber. A 24-hour Holter ECG disclosed infrequent runs of ventricular tachycardia. The patient refused the surgical treatment. He was put on metoprolol 100 mg/day. We expected that metoprolol would decrease pressure gradient by its effect on contractility and suppress ventricular tachycardia attacks. On control examination, symptoms of the patient regressed to minimal exertional dyspnea. The control echocardiography revealed a trans-chamber gradient of 33 mm Hg (Fig.2: Lower panel). Double-chambered LV is a rare congenital anomaly with little data about its clinical characteristics. The treatment of choice in symptomatic patients is surgical removal of the separating structure. We tried the use of metoprolol and the outcome was very good.


Please cite this article as: Valencia-Serrano F, Moreno F, Valencia-Serrano M, Martínez-González MA, Letter to the editor regarding article "Comparison of Transradial Versus Transfemoral Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Routine Practice. Evidence for the Importance of "Falsification Hypotheses" in Observational Studies of Comparative Effectiveness", Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.12.058.


The topological charges distribution for Hermite-Laguerre-Gaussian (HLG) modes are explored theoretically and experimentally. Successively increasing the astigmatism will leads to the split. the combination, and the cancellation of topological charges.


It was not necessary to wait long for conclusions to be drawn from the post-mortem examination of the tragic December 1970 events in Poland. The new First Secretary at once proclaimed that the villain of the piece was the former leadership because "it failed to communicate with the workers and intelligentsia and to follow the democratic procedures within the Party itself."1 Echoing this verdict, a Warsaw mass circulation daily promptly declared that "the Polish community has long been waiting for the credibility gap between the nation and the Party to be overcome."2 The subsequent pronouncements of Gierek and other notables went a long way to make clear the sine qua non of redemption. It was now stressed that the task of successful socialist construction in Poland required the mobilization of Party and non-Party members of the body politic, of workers and intelligentsia, of town and country dwellers, of old and young citizens, and of believers as well as non-believers. On 23 December the new premier, Piotr Jaroszewicz announced at the special meeting of the Sejm that "the Government would now try to bring about a full normalization of relations with the Catholic church."3 While the term normalization is rather vague (and has since been subjected to criticism on that score), its use in the above context clearly conceded that state-church relations in the Polish People's Republic ifell short of what was desirable and should be improved. How did the ^Catholic church fare during the three decades of Marxist regimen? It seems appropriate to examine the record briefly.4 It has been frequently asserted by Western observers that one of the features which makes Poland stand out among the socialist countries


Light weight orthotropic steel bridge decks have been widely utilized since 1950s. In the last three decades, severe problems were reported in relation to asphaltic surfacing materials on orthotropic steel deck bridges. The research aims on developing a FE tool to simulate and understand the performance of asphaltic surfacing structure, so as to improve the design of surfacings and increase the service life. In this investigation, an analysis of two extreme cases of composite beam models is firstly presented to have a conceptual understanding of composite actions. The specialized material models for asphaltic layers as well as interface layers developed at Delft University of Technology with the numerical platform CAPA-3D are followed. Results of FE simulations for three different fixed load positions are presented. Lastly, simulations of the bridge subjected to a moving load are introduced. The distribution of strains as well as the temperature influence of the Merwede bridge are discussed.


The electrocaloric (EC) effect attracted attention due to recent predictions of the existence of a giant EC in polymeric and inorganic ferroelectric materials based on indirect measurements of the electric polarization. The giant EC effect could potentially be of great importance in development of cooling or heating devices of new generation, which would be more environmentally friendly. A method and analysis of direct measurements of the giant EC effect in P(VDF-TrFE) (68/32 mol%) copolymer thin films are presented. It is found that the EC effect is of similar magnitude as found in P(VDF-TrFE) (55/45 mol%) copolymer by indirect method.


Dynamic light emission from hot carriers in CMOS gates is a very useful technique for integrated circuit debug and failure analysis. The spectrum of the hot-carrier luminescence is nearly black-body and exhibits a blue shift with increasing drain-source voltage, V/sub ds/. Other mechanisms for emission, such as gate-source leakage, exhibit different spectra. Thus, it is interesting to examine the spectral as well as temporal behavior of the light emitted from CMOS circuits during operation. In this paper, we demonstrate simultaneous temporal (<10 ps) and spectral (50 nm) resolution via photon detection through the silicon backside over the wavelength range of 1.1-1.6 /spl mu/m.


This research aims to elucidate the service quality factors influencing customer satisfaction with ride-sharing services. Particularly, this research compares Chinese and US consumers to identify the influence of national culture on user attitudes. Empirical research was conducted via two online surveys in China and the US. Data were collected and analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The results show that while the satisfaction of the Chinese ride-sharing consumers was affected primarily by reliability, followed by platform assurance and empathy, the satisfaction of American consumers was influenced mainly by the conditions of ride-sharing vehicles (tangibles). The PLS-MGA results indicate that satisfaction with ride-sharing services had a significantly stronger impact on American than on Chinese continuance intention. Managerial implications are provided.


The chain-like management and the group management is the quite popular enterprise management pattern presently,many people treat them as "the scale management",but few of them research the similarities and differences between them.This article take view of the dining enterprise,analysising the connotation,the superiority and the relations of the dining chain-like management and the group management,make everybody clearly understand the essence of the two patterns,we hope that we could provide certain model and the reference to dining enterprise operators when they choice the right management development pattern.


Speed detection of each wheel, i.e. the wheel speed (step ST11), to the detected wheel speed of one pair of left and right wheels performing a frequency analysis, and the wheel speed characteristics of left and right wheels at a gain specific frequencies are calculated (step ST12), based on the calculating wheel speed characteristics of left and right wheels is calculated right and left wheels wheel speed gain difference (step ST13), based on the correspondence relationship between the left and right wheel wheel speed gain difference estimated vehicle height (step ST14), the correspondence relationship based on the wheel speed and to give the face of the wheel road surface input from the path input value (wheel speed / gain of the road surface input) and the wheel relative to the vehicle body corresponding relationship between the height of the wheel, whereby the vehicle can be low cost high estimated vehicle.


A study of some features of the quantities used to describe the shape of random walks, focusing on the probability distribution of the asphericity of discrete random walks in two dimensions, is presented. A connection is established between the asphericity distribution and the probability distribution corresponding to the ratio of the principal inertia moments. The probability distributions of arbitrary inertia moment ratios are analysed for varying spatial dimension, and an analytic expression for them is found which presents excellent agreement with Monte Carlo data in all the cases considered. This function is then used to obtain the corresponding two-dimensional asphericity distribution, which also proved to be a very good approximation to the true distribution obtained from an independent Monte Carlo simulation.


In this article we discussed the test which applied the FAO-PM model recommended by FAO, water requirement and scarcity in each growth stage of winter wheat were calculated in Jixian, Wuqing, Baodi, Jinghai etc of Tianjin. The result analyzed water demand and distribution characteristics discipline, and it offered opinions on winter wheat management.


We obtain isometric minimal helicoidal and rotational surfaces using generalized Bour's theorem in three dimensional Minkowski space. In addition, we show that the surfaces preserve minimality when their Gauss maps identically equal, choosing any diffentiable functions on the profile curve.


Docetaxel plus prednisone is currently the standard first‐line treatment in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical activity and pharmacodynamic/pharmacogenetic profile of docetaxel plus prednisone in combination with metronomic cyclophosphamide in mCRPC patients.


Abstract 2988

Poster Board II-964

BACKGROUND: In pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE), duration of hypercoagulability—which has implications for recurrence risk and duration of therapy–is not readily assessed despite a battery of laboratory assays for comprehensive thrombophilia testing. Global clotting assays offer the possibility to better understand duration of hypercoagulability on an individualized basis.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate overall coagulability and fibrinolytic potential over time in children with acute VTE and to compare these findings with D-dimer and established thrombophilia traits.

METHODS: The Clot Formation and Lysis (CloFAL) global assay was performed in platelet-poor plasma in 58 children enrolled in a single-institutional prospective inceptional cohort study of VTE at The Children's Hospital, Colorado, between March 2006 and June 2009. This spectrophotometric fibrin registration assay employing clotting activation with dilute tissue factor and phospholipid and fibrinolytic enhancement with tissue plasminogen activator has been previously shown analytically sensitive to physiologic and pathologic alterations in multiple components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems (Goldenberg et al., Thromb Res 2005). Hypercoagulability was defined by an area under the curve (AUC) of the CloFAL waveform that exceeded the upper limit of age-appropriate reference values established in healthy children (n=26) using the non-parametric method of Tukey, and hypofibrinolysis was similarly defined as a fibrinolytic index (FI, which relates to the slope of decline in absorbance over the period of 30 minutes following maximal amplitude of clot formation) that was below the lower limit of normal. Coagulation index (CI, measured as the AUC over the first 30 minutes of the assay, indexed to the pooled normal plasma standard) was also evaluated, and compared to established reference ranges. Analyses were grouped by period post-diagnosis, as follows: acute (0-1 month; n=10), subacute (1-3 months; n=12), early chronic (3-6 months; n=10), late chronic (≥1 year; n=32). Comprehensive testing for genetic and acquired thrombophilia states was performed in all subjects, along with serial assessment of D-dimer and automated euglobulin lysis time (ELT).

RESULTS: Of the 58 children with VTE evaluated for global coagulative and fibrinolytic capacity, 25% underwent repeat testing in follow-up. A positive relationship with factor VIII activity (FVIII) was demonstrated for both CI and AUC (r=0.37, P=0.006 and r=0.52, P<0.0001). In addition, AUC correlated inversely with FI and directly with ELT (r=-0.58, P<0.0001 and r=0.40, P=0.003), underscoring the interrelatedness between the coagulative and fibrinolytic systems (as has been previously shown, for example, via thrombin-activatable fibrinolytic inhibitor). [Figure 1][1] demonstrates a decreasing trend in values over time post-diagnosis for CloFAL AUC, D-dimer, and FVIII, and increasing trend in CloFAL FI. The proportion of patients with abnormally elevated values for AUC, D-dimer, and FVIII, and abnormally low values for FI, also progressively decreased with time ([Figure 2][2]). Notably, however, persistent hypercoagulability was demonstrated in 28% , and hypofibrinolysis in 12.5%, of patients studied ≥1 year post-event (n=32).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate net hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis acutely in the majority of children with VTE, with a trend toward normalization in hemostasis over time across the study population. Further prospective studies are underway to determine whether persistence of hypercoagulability and/or hypofibrinolysis (as observed by global clotting assay in a subset of patients studied here), serves as a prognostic factor for recurrent VTE, and hence may contribute to future risk-stratified approaches to anticoagulant therapy duration.

![Figure][3]

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Disclosures: Off Label Use: The presentation refers to the use of anticoagulants as a drug class in general in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children. Despite their use in the standard care for pediatric VTE, all anticoagulants remain off-label for this indication in children.

 [1]: #F1
 [2]: #F2
 [3]: pending:yes


The research is designed to explore language environment and language planning in Xi'an. The paper reports the basic situation of language environment in Xi'an based on literature research and personal observation. The research findings show that the city has made impressive achievements in foreign language environment construction since official guidance was released in 2010. However, there are still some issues worth thinking about. The paper discusses some existing problems in current language environment from the points of official guidance and public language service. Since Xi'an is aiming at transforming from a provincial center to an international metropolis, language planning will face more challenges in the future. The paper also offers some suggestions for future language planning. The suggestions are in the following aspects: status and function planning, research on language planning, standardization and public language service. Keywords—Xi'an; Language planning; Language service;


In this paper we give necessary and sufficient conditions for spacelike and timelike curves in a conformally flat, quasi conformally flat and conformally symmetric 4-dimensional Lorentzian Para-Sasakian (LP-Sasakian) manifold to be proper biharmonic. Also, we investigate proper biharmonic curves in the Lorentzian sphere S4 1 . 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 58C40, 53C42, 53C25


In light of a underground building passage project in Beijing,and using 3-D FEM software.The changes of soil movement under the full face driving and CD construction are studied.The study result demonstrates that the adoption of CD and other measures to construct can control the ground displacement effectively during the underground passage construction.It also has practical meaning.


Background: Early diagnosis of congenital heart disease is important for a good clinical outcome. Unrecognized or delayed diagnosis of some severe congenital heart diseases can lead to cardiac failure, cardiovascular collapse, and even death. Pulse oximetry screening (POS) in newborns has been shown to enhance the detection of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Clinical evaluation is likely to miss the diagnosis in first few hours of hospital stay after birth due to absence of signs and symptoms of CCHD. In the absence of clinical findings during early neonatal period, the best parameter that can be assessed, is the detection of hypoxemia by pulse oximetry screening. Aims and Objectives: Usefulness of pulse oximetry in newborn for early detection of Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD). Material and Methods: This Prospective Observational Study was conducted on 125 newborn babies in postnatal ward at tertiary care centre for a period of 2 years satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Evaluation was done between 24 to 48 hours of birth with pulse oximeter. Institutional ethics committee permission was taken prior to study. Results and Conclusion: Total 125 neonates were screened by pulse oximeter, 2 were detected to have positive screen for Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) of which 1 had CCHD confirmed by echocardiography. Study revealed that Pulse Oximetry screening can be an important screening tool in routine neonatal care for early detection of CCHD.


Franqoise Zonabend is one of the few French ethnographers who have brought back to their own society the tools and methods of ethnology. Her work is part of the social ethnology of contemporary societies; because she has studied a highly technological setting, this book is of relevance for the history of science. The author set out to study a small town on the northeast coast of France that has the ethnographic characteristics of "living with" a nuclear plant. Many of the inhabitants of La Hague work in the plant that reprocesses used fuel from the nuclear cycle elsewhere in the world. She studies the reactions of the community from the opening of the plant in 1962 to the present. The "nuclear mode of existence" is present, first, in the massive landscape of the plant itself. In that sense, Zonabend's book is first of all the story of a big technical project, of decisions made by "nucleocrats" and later forced on local elites. She studies the building sites, the problems of immigration, and how this disruption of local places and customs is accepted by the population. The most important impact of this cohabitation with a huge nuclear plant is the invisible threat of radioactivity. The author's descriptions of how the plant personnel handle this fear is the most interesting part of her book and the most sophisticated. Using the descriptions of irrational fears that were habitual in the anthropology of exotic cultures, Zonabend gives a precise description of the modern irrationality characteristically connected with this efficient high technology. Unfortunately, Zonabend does not much enter into the content of the technology implemented by the employees. Her focus is restricted to the social and cultural aspects of the local community. Within those limits, however, she is very innovative, for she uses the format of the monograph to study a huge technological network. She is especially interested in integrating the local economics, the cultural aspects, the social representation, and the crucial question of the lived landscape. On the whole, her book will interest historians of science and technology because she stresses the local implantation of a huge technical system. FLORIAN CHARVOLIN


The lipase activity of crude enzyme extracted from the molded sardine meal(MSM) 'koji', and lipid classes and fatty acid composition of neutral lipid(NL) and phospholipid (PL) of MSM 'koji' were investigated. The optimum pH and temperature of the crude enzyme was 8.0 and using olive oil emulsion as a substrate, but the residual activity depended on pH and temperature. Total lipid contents of the MSM 'koji' consisted of 15.33g/100g NL, 5.45g/100g PL respectively. The major lipid classes of NL were triglyceride () and free fatty acid(), that of PL were phosphatidylethanol(), phosphatidylinositol(), phosphatidylcholine(), lyso-phosphatidylcholine() and sphingomyeline(). The prominent fatty acid fractions of NL were 16:0, 22:6, 18:1 n-9, 18:2n-6 and 20:5, with PL fractions the major fatty acid ratios were 22:6, 16:0, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6 and 20:5, in the same respective order.


Murine cerebellum expresses mRNAs of c-kit and its ligand (Sl factor, SLF). Cell types expressing either SLF or c-kit were investigated using in situ hybridization. Purkinje cells were identified using anti-P400/Inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor monoclonal antibody (MoAb). Since all Purkinje, Golgi, basket and stellate cells express mRNA of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), c-kit-expressing cells were identified by comparing their location to that of GAD-expressing cells. SLF mRNA was expressed by Purkinje cells throughout the observation period (day 2 to day 21 after birth). Three types of c-kit-expressing cells developed sequentially in different parts of the cerebellum; Golgi cells on day 2 after birth in the internal granular layer, basket cells on day 6 in the lower half of the molecular layer, and stellate cells on day 14 in the upper half of the molecular layer. The localization of the c-kit protein was also investigated using ACK2 MoAb that recognizes the extracellular domain of the c-kit protein. Basket-like synapses between Purkinje and basket cells, called "pinceau", were strongly stained with ACK2 MoAb on day 21 after birth. Moreover, the whole molecular layer was stained faintly with the ACK2 MoAb. Since Purkinje cells form synapses between Golgi, basket and stellate cells, SLF and c-kit proteins appeared to play some roles for the synaptogenesis.


The unsaturated permeability of compacted Gaomiaozi-bentonite was tested under unconfined conditions on the basis of the instantaneous profile method.Results show that under unconfined conditions,the unsaturated permeability of Gaomiaozi bentonite ranges from 1.0×10-12 to 1.0×10-15 m·s-1 and groups around 1.0×10-14 m·s-1,and the maximum value reaches when the specimen is saturated.Compared to the confined conditions,the unsaturated permeability under confined conditions is lower than that under unconfined conditions,and the shapes of curves between unsaturated permeability and suction under different confining conditions are different.This may because that the swelling mechanism is different under different confining conditions.


The resolution capability of a positive resist, TNS, was characterized under optimized process conditions and proximity effect correction. The proximity function is based on a double‐Gaussian scattering model. A ''mesh'' exposure pattern was used to extract the proximity parameters of the resist. Before parameter determination, the process conditions were optimized by comparing the resist image structures as a function of developer concentration, development time, and temperature. Based on the best process conditions, the proximity parameters were determined and input into the aeble proximity compensation software, where the adequacy of the parameters was investigated. Results demonstrate that both process optimization and proximity effect correction are necessary for resist characterization in fine line lithography.


The emergence of a resistant pathogen reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing or treating an infection caused by a micro-organism, thus increasing morbidity and mortality and leading to higher economic costs to livestock producers. An understanding of the underlying disease dynamics is crucial in finding appropriate solutions to containing the rise in antimicrobial resistance. This report synthesises the evidence on the potential modes of transmission of antimicrobial resistance between humans and animals and vice versa. In particular, the important role of the environment in the transmission chain is discussed as well as practices to break this link. This report also illustrates some of the commonly shared antibiotic classes that are used in human medicine and animal production, and the overall trends in the usage of these antibiotics. While information on transmission of resistance is sparse, the report highlights several priority areas where future research could focus in order to bring a greater understanding of these interactions.


Shared decisionmaking is experiencing a renaissance in medicine.1 Rather than the paternalistic approach of "Doctor Knows Best," clinicians are encouraged to engage patients and caregivers in a discussion of the indications, risks, alternatives, and benefits of therapies framed by the patient's goals, values, and preferences.2 This focus on the importance of engaging the patient is evident as recent society guidelines including those for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,3 chest pain,4 and heart failure5 all incorporate shared decisionmaking in diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. However, although there is an increased emphasis


The article presents the results of a pilot sociological study conducted in one of the largest Russian metropolises in April 2017. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of growing women's distance employment on the institution of parenthood, as well as on women's reproductive behaviour. The practical value of further research relates to collecting a database of empirical data to assist in finding ways to solve the problem of decreasing childbirth rate, to develop mechanisms for stimulating birth rate, and to establish targeted state social and economic programmes for supporting maternity by promoting women's distance employment.


Boiling heat transfer is used most commonly in chemical and petrochemical industries either to generate vapor or because of its high efficiency in cooling. The high efficiency of boiling is contributed to three mechanisms namely the natural convection to the liquid, latent heat flow by micro-layer evaporation between bubbles and heat transfer surface, and the intense micro-convection flow adjacent to the heat transfer surface which induced by growth and detachment bubbles. All these mechanisms are strong function of bubble growth rate and its accurate prediction is crucial for the theoretical prediction of boiling heat transfer coefficient. Unfortunately, the proposed correlations are either simple with a limited range of validity or complicated. In the present work a unified model is presented by solving equation of energy which is expressed by


There has been more and more reports which research the therapy of tumor using of combined gene.Combined gene can overcome the fault of single gene and have better effectiveness.It`s the future of gene therapy and have promising perpective.


The aim of the paper is to compare the European Union countries on the basis of selected socio-economic and demographic indicators for the year 2016. The following indicators are selected for analysis: gross domestic product per capita, government gross debt as a percentage of gross domestic product, inflation rate, unemployment rate, total fertility rate, infant mortality rate and crude divorce rate. The contribution of the paper is the order of countries on the basis of the above-mentioned indicators, from the best country to the worst country using one of the multidimensional comparison methods – the distance method from the fictitious object. The aim of these methods is to replace a number of selected indicators, on the basis of which we compare EU countries, with one final characteristic – an integral indicator to order the countries. By creating an integral indicator, heterogeneous variables, which are expressed in different units and therefore cań t be direct aggregated, are transformed to homogeneous indicators. Since the used indicators do not have the same weights, by the calculation are used the data weighted by weights I (calculated using the coefficient of variation) and weights II (calculated on the basis of the correlation matrix). The application of individual statistical methods is implemented through the programme Microsoft Office Excel.


Traditionally, the simplified quasi static method is adopted to study the stress and strain induced by earthquake for sluices. However, this method can not take into consideration the effect of uneven settlement of the ground on its upper structure. A more satisfactory method is used to study by a model that can represent both the dynamic properties of the ground and the upper structure. Some basic principles of this problem are discussed from an engineering viewpoint. A simulation analysis can be made on the preliminary design of a spillway and scouring sluice through three dimensional finite element model which has been constructed strictly according to the structural and geological condition.


For the traveling salesman problem (TSP) on n nodes, we show that a tour which is better than ω((n/2)!) alternative tours can be identified in O(n 3) time. Also we provide another algorithm of complexity O n 3) which is guaranteed to produce a solution which is better than ω(n/(k+1))!(k!) n/(k+1) alternative tours, whenever k is fixed. Further we show that by using an O(n 4) algorithm, a TSP tour which dominates ω((n/2)!n) alternative tours can be identified. We also suggest an O(n 5) algorithm with improved domination number.


Following the successful landings of both Mars Exploration Rover (MER) vehicles at Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum, respectively, their Athena suite of instruments is being used to study the geologic history of these two very different landing sites on Mars that had been selected on the basis of showing different types of evidence for aqueous processes in the planet s past. Utilizing the on-board instruments as well as the rovers mobility system, a wide range of physical properties investigations is carried out as well - the subject of this abstract - that provide additional information on the geology and processes at the sites. Results of the mission in general as well as of the physical properties studies thus far greatly exceed expectations in that observations and measurements by both vehicles show a rich variety in materials and processes: the Gusev site in the vicinity of the lander is remarkably flat and generally devoid of large rocks along traverses up to the time of this writing (approx.Sol 50) and suggestive of a deflated surface with generally only thin veneers of bright dust while exhibiting evidence of a widespread occurrence of a crust from cemented fines that has been observed to fail in the form of blocky clods when disturbed by vehicle rolling action; numerous small and shallow depressions - presumably created by impacts - are observed at the site which are infilled with bright, fine-grained material that likewise appears indurated and which was studied by a trenching experiment; small ripple bedforms are scattered across the site and were characterized in terms of particle size distributions. At the Meridiani site, studies so far - up to approx.Sol 33 - have focussed on soils and the rock outcrop encountered within the approx.20 m diameter crater that the spacecraft came to rest in: from a physical properties point of view, a mantle of dark, well-sorted, apparently basaltic sand with small to moderate cohesion has been of interest - and has been studied by a trenching experiment - as well as a fine-grained unit underlying the mantle at least locally within the crater. Rock grindings were accomplished successfully at both sites at the time of this writing, suggesting different strengths of the two targets (the basaltic rock nicknamed Adirondack at Gusev and the Meridiani rock outcrop) in addition to enabling compositional measurements below the original rock surfaces.


Systematic thinking means using the viewpoint of whole situation to research on connection between key components of complex system. From the perspective of systematic thinking, the construction of learning society is a systematical engineering and needs integral design and system construction. On one hand, the government should make overall planning and set various types of educational institutions at all levels to provide the opportunity of lifelong learning for all the members of society; on the other hand, individuals should reasonably design learning plan to meet requirements of social development. Dominated by the government, a lifelong learning system that individuals actively participate in and everyone learns will be constructed.


The annual change of the time for outdoor play of elementary school children (the 5th and 6th grades) was analyzed, and also the factors influencing it were investigated. The surveys (question-naires) were carried out 4 times for 11years (1971, 1973, 1980, 1981). Total subjects in number were about 4, 000 elementary school children of the 5th and 6th grades in Osaka Prefecture. Outstanding findings are as follows.1) The time for outdoor play of elementary school children had been gradually decreasing during 11 years from 1971 to 1981.2) Boys have been likely to play longer outdoors than girls.3) Differences in outdoor playtime among the residential areas depend strongly on such factors as the time, the space, and the group.4) There was a big gap between the actual playtime enjoyed by children and the time desired. This gap (about 2 hours) suggested that there exist sevral limitations to reduce their playtime.5) The length of the time for outdoor play, indoor play, and T. V. watching have approximately the same tendency; the time for playing outdoors and for T. V. watching increased with increase of the time for playing outdoors.6) The percentage of the children attending the "Juku" (cram schools for junior high school entrance examinations and other schools for skill subjects) have reached 80 percent. Such an increasing number of the participants is the main factor of reducing the total length of playtime (outdoor play, indoor play, and T. V. watching). In fact, outdoor, playtime of the attendants of the Juku was remarkably less than that of non-attendants.7) The larger the number of play group is, the longer the outdoor playtime gets.8) We consider that the children who do not want to play outdoors are produced by 1) such external limiting factors as "study", "playmates", and "playground", and 2) the internal factor (the tendency to avoid outdoor play) in which the interaction of the external limiting factors resulted.9) It was recognized that the participation in the Juku, the play group, and the subjective attitude to play were certain robust limiting factors to the time for outdoor play of children.


The recent time witnesses a tremendous need for high performance digital signal Processing (DSP) systems for high end emerging applications like HD-TV, medical imaging, satellite communication, 3G mobile technologies etc. For all these applications, the sources of data are video signals. For transmission of video signals significant amount of bandwidth required. Since the captured video data contain huge amount of redundant data, there is an opportunity for video data compression keeping the picture quality intact. DCT is a well known technique used in video or image compression. DCT algorithms are computation intensive and involve large number of multiplication and addition operations. Therefore, with the increase in number of length of the DCT,the number of multiplication and addition operations also increase leading to larger chip area and performance degradation. The primary aspect of the 2-D DCT computation is to compute the DCT coefficients, where a large number of mathematical computations are required. This work is implemented on Matlab and hardware level by using of Verilog hardware language. Many researchers provided different architectures targeting area or speed or throughput with non scalable approach for computation..


The performance of the AMEL 430 automated polarographic stand using static sessile mercury drop electrodes for various electrochemical techniques has been studied. N,N-Dimethylpyrrolidinium iodide [E½=–2.7 V (SCE)] and p-methoxybenzaldehyde azine [E½=–2.0 and –2.6 V (SCE)] were used as substrates with dimethylformamide as the solvent and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (or iodide) as the electrolyte. The results obtained suggest that the AMEL 430 automated polarographic stand-static sessile mercury drop electrode device is particularly useful in situations where other commercial static hanging mercury drop electrodes fail to perform, for example, at high negative potentials or in the study of cathodic surface disrupting substrates.


We describe an open, uncontrolled, observational study to evaluate the safety, acceptability and efficacy of a high-energy, fibre-containing oral nutritional supplement in patients who were either malnourished or who had experienced recent, acute weight loss and therefore needed a high-energy and/or fibre supplement.

Assessments For assessment of safety and tolerance, occurrence of adverse events and oedema were to be documented during the 2-week trial and routine blood biochemistry was measured. The acceptability of the oral nutritional supplement was rated by the patients. In order to assess efficacy, patients' body mass index (BMI) was calculated at baseline and following 2 weeks of nutritional intervention.

Results A daily intake of 400–600 mL of a high-energy, fibre-containing liquid nutritional supplement was well accepted and no adverse events or problems with compliance were recorded. The high acceptability was underlined by favourable ratings of taste, smell, texture and overall acceptability. The patients' median (interquartile range) BMI increased from 18 kg m–2 (18–19 kg m–2) to 20 kg m–2 (19–20 kg m–2); this increase was highly significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion We conclude that a high-energy, fibre-containing nutritional supplement is safe, well tolerated and associated with improved nutritional status in malnourished patients.


This paper studies the characteristics of both the dynamic heat and mass transfer of liquid nitrogen thin film which have vital significance to improve heat transfer efficiency and optimize the cryogenic heat exchanger. Liquid nitrogen laminar film flows in the brazed cryogenic heat exchanger with 2.3mm distance between plates. Relationship between the dimensionless thickness and the coefficient of heat convection of liquid nitrogen film is derived. And the impact of rate of vapor content, intensity of interfacial convection heat transfer and Reynolds numbers are calculated and analyzed.


AbstractExtreme value theory is used as a diagnostic for two high-resolution (12-km parameterized convection and 1.5-km explicit convection) Met Office regional climate model (RCM) simulations. On subdaily time scales, the 12-km simulation has weaker June–August (JJA) short-return-period return levels than the 1.5-km RCM, yet the 12-km RCM has overly large high return levels. Comparisons with observations indicate that the 1.5-km RCM is more successful than the 12-km RCM in representing (multi)hourly JJA very extreme events. As accumulation periods increase toward daily time scales, the erroneous 12-km precipitation extremes become more comparable with the observations and the 1.5-km RCM. The 12-km RCM fails to capture the observed low sensitivity of the growth rate to accumulation period changes, which is successfully captured by the 1.5-km RCM. Both simulations have comparable December–February (DJF) extremes, but the DJF extremes are generally weaker than in JJA at daily or shorter time scales. Case st...


Conductor comprising a plurality of elemental wires made of an aluminum alloy, wherein the aluminum alloy contains: Si having a content of 0.3 to 1.2 mass%; Mg with a content such that the weight ratio Mg / Si in the range of 0.8 to 1.8; and a radical of essentially Al and an unavoidable impurity, wherein the conductor has a tensile strength of 240 MPa or more, an ultimate elongation of 10% or more, an impact absorption energy of 8 J / m or more and an electrical conductivity of 40% IACS or more.


Multiple fundic gland polyps (FGPs) are often found in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) but are usually benign. FAP-associated dysplasia is rare but, where found, is fundic, whitish, and flat [1]. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a good but challenging option for achieving complete resection because the top of the fundus is difficult to reach and because the multiple FGPs obscure the margins of the dysplastic area, making incision difficult. Dedicated scopes such as the double bending therapeutic gastroscope (2TQ260M; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) have been designed for fundic lesions, but are not available in Europe [2]. Therefore, alternative strategies are much needed. Adaptive traction devices are useful for complex lesions [3–5]. We describe an option for ESD of difficult fundic lesions using the 4-point multipolar adaptive traction device (A-TRACT 4). We report the case of a 42-year-old patient with FAP and a large, whitish, dysplastic area in the fundus (▶Fig. 1). The lesion was anatomically difficult to reach, but by pushing a long loop of the scope against the antrum, the fundus was reached with a relatively tangential approach to the lesion. After circumferential incision and trimming, the four loops of the A-TRACT 4 device were fixed to the lateral edges of the lesion. The rubber band was fixed by another clip to the opposite wall (▶Fig. 2). The dissection was started with appropriate traction. After cutting three-quarters of the lesion, proper traction was re-established by tightening the A-TRACT 4. The procedure was completed with optimal exposure of the submucosa (▶Video 1). This technique allowed a curative R0 resection of the 9×8 cm lesion in 110 minutes. We hypothesize that such a dedicated device could facilitate ESD, with the advantage of allowing traction to be adapted during the procedure to change the conformation of the fundus for optimal submucosal exposure. Furthermore, the combined use of additional endoscope looping in the antrum could be helpful in resection of fundic lesions.


Advance of computational power and big datasets brings the opportunity of using deep learning methods to do image processing. We used deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGAN) to do various image processing tasks such as super-resolution, denoising and deconvolution. DCGAN allows us to use a single architecture to do different image processing tasks and achieve competitive PSNR scores. While the results of DCGAN shows slightly lower PSNR compared to traditional methods, images produced by DCGAN is more appealing when viewed by human. DCGAN can learn from big datasets and automatically add high-frequency details and features to images while traditional methods can't. The generatordiscriminator architecture in DCGAN pushes it to generate more realistic and appealing images.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of step teaching combined with precisely procedural operation training mode in the standardized training of otolaryngology technology for residents.

Methods
From January 2017 to December 2018, 38 residents in the otolaryngology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were selected as the research objects. They were trained for one year by using step teaching and precisely procedural operation training mode. After the training, questionnaire survey method and theory and skill examination were used to compare the training effect.

Results
All residents passed the examination of theory and skill, and the excellent rate of otoendoscopy skill operation was 81.6% (31/38). The results of questionnaire survey showed that 100.0% (38/38) of residents were satisfied with this teaching mode, 100.0% (38/38) of residents thought that their interest in learning and their proficiency in otoendoscopy operation had been greatly improved; 86.8% (33/38) of residents thought that their ability of otoendoscopy operation had been greatly improved; 92.1% (35/38) of residents thought that their ability of intraoperative response had been greatly improved, 89.5% (34/38) residents considered that the communication ability between doctors and patients had been greatly improved.

Conclusions
The combination of step teaching and precisely procedural operation training is helpful to improve the training effect of otoendoscopy technology and is suitable for the standardized training of otoendoscopy technology for residents.

Key words:
Otolaryngology; Otoendoscopy; Resident; Standardized training


Patients with chronic and serious illness suffer from physical, emotional, social, and spiritual pain. Traditionally, society at large and the Western medical system have viewed death as something to be avoided, and the emphasis on care was usually curative. Thus, when a patient became terminal, the prognosis was often "nothing to do." Little was done to attend to the patient's suffering and to the questions that arose for the patient as a result of having a serious illness. Yet, there have been many studies over the last decade that highlight the importance of spiritual and religious beliefs in how patients cope with serious illness and dying and their accompanying suffering. Religious and cultural beliefs can impact health care decision-making, particularly at the end of life, and can provide an understanding of suffering in one's life. It is important, therefore, that physicians and other health care professionals are able to discuss spiritual and religious issues, particularly those related to issues of pain and suffering, with patients.


Before going travel, many things must be prepared. One of the most important things is planning travel itinerary. When planning travel itinerary, there are some steps to do, such as searching the point of interests to visit, arrange the point of interests visiting order, select which point of interests that will be visit in the same day, etc. Planning by searching through the internet, magazine, pamphlet or other information sources can take some times because the number of information is almost unlimited nowadays. Recommender system is one of the option to overcome that problem. This paper will describe about building travel itinerary recommender system. Travel itinerary recommender system can be modeled as a problem of creating route with time constraint for traveling, which is called Tourist Trip Design Problem (TTDP) in scientific literature. The fastest and most efficient algorithm found so far for solving the problem is Iterated Local Search (ILS). Therefore, this paper uses ILS algorithm for solving TTDP for real world point of interests. The difference with other literature is that in this paper, there are several additional constraints that make the recommendation applicable for real-world point of interests. The recommender system was built as a web prototype. The prototype was tested by 30 respondents for measuring the recommendation quality and it got a satisfactory result.


FOR THESIS University of Oulu Faculty of Technology Degree Programme (Master's Thesis) Major Subject (Licentiate Thesis) Environmental Engineering Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Author Thesis Supervisor Okyere Abayie Samuel Pongrácz, E., Professor, D.Sc. (Tech) Liimatainen, H., Professor Laitinen, O., Docent Pavlov, V., DI. Title of Thesis Cellulose-based absorbents for oil spill response: Testing in simulated Arctic marine conditions Major Subject Type of Thesis Submission Date Number of Pages Water and Environmental Engineering Master's Thesis May 2019 81 Abstract Due to the increased concern of risks of oil spills in the Arctic marine environment, the search for alternative, a sustainable oil spill response technology has intensified. Especially, development of cost-effective, reusable and environmentally friendly sorbents from renewable resources have gained significant interest. The objective of this thesis was to study bio-based sorbents obtained from nanocellulose materials, i.e. aerogels, and address their oil absorption capacity and performance under Arctic marine conditions. Laboratory conditions were designed to simulate the conditions of Oulu and Tromsø ports. In general, nanocellulose based aerogels display high mechanical strength, high surface area, are cost-effective and safe to handle compared to many synthetic materials. In this thesis, hydrophobized cellulose nanofibril aerogels produced from recycled fibre waste were used to absorb diesel and hydraulic oil. The nanofibrils were obtained using a simple and environmentally friendly nanofibrilllation treatment after which aerogels were fabricated using freeze-drying process in the presence of two silylation agents. The Arctic weather conditions were simulated using a climate chamber. The weather conditions simulated were temperature, shaking and no-shaking frequency (to represent ocean waves), ice and no-ice condition and water salinity of 1% (Oulu port) and 3.5% (Tromsø port). The nanofibrilllation and hydrophobic silylation of waste cellulose fibres resulted in nanofibrillar aerogels, which had an ultralow density (0.01 g/cm) and high porosity (99.15%) after freeze-drying and heating. The cellulose nanofibril aerogels showed higher oil (diesel and hydraulic) absorption performance in both 1% and 3.5% salinity than the commercial material. The diesel oil absorption by the nanofibril aerogel was higher in 1% salinity whiles the hydraulic oil absorption was better in 3.5% salinity. In particular, the nanofibril aerogels had diesel oil absorption capacity of 59.9 g/g (1% salinity) and hydraulic oil absorption capacity of 43.4 g/g (3.5% salinity), which is much higher to those of commercial absorbent materials, i.e. polypropylene, with diesel oil absorption capacity of 15.6 g/g in 1% salinity and hydraulic oil absorption capacity of 12.4 g/g in 3.5% salinity. The shaking and icy conditions affected oil absorption with the nanofibril aerogels more than the commercial material. Overall, oil absorption was higher under shaking conditions compared to the no-shaking. The presence of ice decreased the absorption capacity of nanofibril aerogels and the commercial material. Generally, oil absorption capacity of the nanofibril aerogels was higher than that of the commercial material in all the conditions. The above advantages make nanofibril aerogels promising absorbents for removing oil spills from ports (Oulu and Tromsø).


Abstract : This research has been implemented by using book references about the population of exceptional people are who those retarded people. Data of exceptional people in Indonesia are difference from one institusion to another institusion. Therefore to have acurate data of prevalence retarted people, it will use theoretical distribution of IQ score based on normal curve and low social competence or adaptive behavior. However child is different in some way from the "average" youngster, such a child may have problems or special talents in thinking, seeing, hearing, speaking, socializing or moving. They need special education varied from most intensive to most integrated , beside  in Indonesia number of children who registered in school are still low.  Government have to increase the number of school government of exceptional children, to help the parents who have exceptional childrent for going to school freely. Another case that government have to help private school by giving them fund. Hopely the number of student who enrol to school will increse. Keywords: exceptional people, retarded people, normal curve


This paper discusses implications and appropriate treatment of systematic uncertainty in experiments and modeling. Systematic uncertainty exists when experimental conditions, and/or measurement bias errors, and/or bias contributed by post-processing the data, are constant over the set of experiments but the particular values of the conditions and/or biases are unknown to within some specified uncertainty. Systematic uncertainties in experiments do not automatically show up in the output data, unlike random uncertainty which is revealed when multiple experiments are performed. Therefore, the output data must be properly "conditioned" to reflect important sources of systematic uncertainty in the experiments. In industrial scale experiments the systematic uncertainty in experimental conditions (especially boundary conditions) is often large enough that the inference error on how the experimental system maps inputs to outputs is often quite substantial. Any such inference error and uncertainty thereof also has implications in model validation and calibration/conditioning; ignoring systematic uncertainty in experiments can lead to "Type X" error in these procedures. Apart from any considerations of modeling and simulation, reporting of uncertainty associated with experimental results should include the effects of any significant systematic uncertainties in the experiments. This paper describes and illustrates the treatment of multivariate systematic uncertainties of interval and/or probabilistic natures, and combined cases. The paper also outlines a practical and versatile "real-space" framework and methodology within which experimental and modeling uncertainties (correlated and uncorrelated, systematic and random, aleatory and epistemic) are treated to mitigate risk in model validation, calibration/conditioning, hierarchical modeling, and extrapolative prediction.


Siemens Pacesetter Siecure. The Siemens Pacesetter P59 "Siecure" is a third‐generation implantable cardioverter defibrillator offering tiered therapy for termination of tachyarrhythmias. The device is highly programmable and is software loaded allowing telemetry upgrade. It has unique algorithms allowing''step up or down" of response according to the nature of the tachycardia. Extensive memory, analysis, and Holter monitoring functions afford excellent opportunities to monitor tachycardias and device response postimplantation. This article reports on the first six patients in whom the device was implanted (five male, one female, 33 to 65 years, mean 49). All had electrophysiologic study‐proven, hemodynamically unstable, drug refractory ventricular arrhythmias. The devices were implanted transthoraci‐cally with no peri‐ or postoperative complications. All patients had malignant arrhythmias induced perioperatively and noninvasively 6 weeks postoperatively, confirming appropriate device response and excellent tachycardia sensing functions. One patient has required reintroduction of amiodarone due to increasing frequency of ventricular tachycardia hut the remainder remain free of antiarrhythmic drug therapy up to 1 year postimplantation. The antitachycardia pacing function was used successfully six times to terminate arrhythmias in these patients, avoiding the need for cardioversion or defibrillation, which are more unpleasant and energy consuming modalities of treatment. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 3, pp. 515–522, October 1992)


As a powerful province of agriculture and tourist resources in China, Hunan has abundant agricultural tourist resources and exceptional advantages and potentialities in agriculture tourism. To exploite the agriculture tourism in Hunan province, we must uphold four principles: market-oriented, characteristic features, suit measures to local contitions and sustainable development, we should position accurately, plan rationally, design elaborately and exploite systematically so that we make an new tourist famous brand with strong characterstic features of Hunan.


This paper presents a high performance torque control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors using a real time simulator with a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based motor model. This model can simulate some behaviors of the actual motor includes nonlinear characteristics such as spatial harmonics and magnet saturations. Therefore, a model based control developed with FEA based motor model takes some advantages for motor control. This research aims to achieve advanced motor control and drive techniques. In this paper, the high performance torque control techniques of PMSM are proposed. Proposed torque control is constructed based on direct torque control with torque prediction. This proposed method can achieve both fast response and smooth torque. The effectiveness is verified by performing some simulations and experiments.


The overriding purpose for this study was to develop a new business model that would leverage organizational performance employing certain variables of spiritual leadership, well-being and employee engagement in a select electric distribution utility provider located in the Northern Mindanao region. Anchored on the theories of spiritual leadership (SL), and employee engagement (EE) – four (4) variables of SL; two (2) for spiritual well-being (SW); three (3) for EE and two (2) for organizational performance (OP) were tested to measure its impact against each other. The mixed method research design, specifically, the concurrent triangulation strategy was employed in conducting this study with 206 worker-respondents. Two sets of research instruments were used in the investigation; and unstructured key informant interviews were done to validate those quantitative numerical data.  The quantitative data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation. To test the impact and to determine the model that best describe the relationship of the different variables, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with path analysis (PA) was used. The findings of the best fit model suggested that that the more the organization builds on the spiritual aspects of their workers, the higher the probability for organizational commitment and productivity will be.   Keywords: Spiritual leadership, spiritual well-being, employee engagement, organizational performance.


The RFID system is susceptible to a variety of factors such as metal,liquid and so on in the practical application environment.Therefore,the influence of metal on the dynamic performance of typical RFID system was analyzed theoretically,including reading efficiency and reading distance.A kind of RFID dynamic performance testing system based on photoelectric sensor was explained,which consisted of a conveyor belt,data acquisition and processing system,high accuracy ranging system and so on.The experiment of dynamic data acquisition and verification based on the system was also illustrated.The experimental results showed that metal had a significant influence on the dynamic performance of RFID system but the dynamic reading and anti-interference ability could be improved by some particular methods.The work supplied an effective way for dynamic data acquisition and measurement of RFID system.


Using $\sim$140 deg$^2$ Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey data, we stack the weak lensing (WL) signal around five Planck clusters found within the footprint. This yields a 15$\sigma$ detection of the mean Planck cluster mass density profile. The five Planck clusters span a relatively wide mass range, $M_{\rm WL,500c} = (2-30)\times10^{14}\,M_\odot/h$ with a mean mass of $M_{\rm WL,500c} = (4.15\pm0.61)\times10^{14}\,M_\odot/h$. The ratio of the stacked Planck Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) mass to the stacked WL mass is $ \langle M_{\rm SZ}\rangle/\langle M_{\rm WL}\rangle = 1-b = 0.80\pm0.14$. This mass bias is consistent with previous WL mass calibrations of Planck clusters within the errors. We discuss the implications of our findings for the calibration of SZ cluster counts and the much discussed tension between Planck SZ cluster counts and Planck $\Lambda$CDM cosmology.


This paper describes how special events are becoming more frequent and are increasingly impacting our surface transportation system. In many regions there are more special events each year than there are normal peak period traffic flows. This paper focuses on the planning for special events. A definition for special events is proposed, and impacts of special events on normal traffic flow are described, so that the reader may understand the disruption caused by special events. Regional goals effectively managing traffic generated by special events are presented and discussed. Issues related to stakeholder involvement are presented. Four measures of success are described, including: Program Planning, Event Operations Planning, Event Activities, and Post-event Activities.


A diverse range of social security, social insurance and social protection schemes have emerged in China in recent years. International Labour Organization definitions for these terms are as follows: Social security refers to the protection which society provides its members through a series of public measures: (a) to offset the absence of substantial reduction of income from work resulting from various contingencies (notably sickness, maternity, employment injury, invalidity and old age); (b) to provide people with healthcare; and (c) to provide benefits for families with children. This definition of social security includes social insurance (i.e. contributory schemes), social assistance (i.e. tax-financed benefits provided only to those on low incomes) and universal benefits (i.e. tax-financed benefits, provided without being income tested). Social protection includes not only public social security schemes, but also private or non-statutory schemes with a similar objective, such as mutual benefit schemes and occupational pension schemes (ILO, 2000, pp.29-30). * Monash University. Forthcoming in Ingrid Nielsen and Russell Smyth, Migration and Social Protection (World Scientific, Singapore). The research in this paper was supported by an Australian Research Council Linkage Grant (LP0561084). We thank Chris Nyland for discussions in the course of writing this paper and Xiaolei Qian for research assistance. © 2007 Gloria Davies, Ingrid Nielsen and Russell Smyth All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form, or stored in a retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the author CORRECT IDEAS AND SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM IN CHINA: THE CASE OF SHANGHAI'S TOWNSHIP INSURANCE


Purpose: To understand and analyze the meaning of rehabilitation from the perspective of a woman who was a victim of burns and multiple losses. Methods: We carried out semi structured interviews and direct observations at the participant's home. We asked her to tell us the trajectory after the burn and talk about the meaning of rehabilitation. Results: She described the pain and solitude during the hospitalization process and after the discharge. The narrative shows the suffering and insecurity due to the lack of financial resources, family support, the loss of her husband, who died during the same accident, and the threat of losing her children. In the course of the trajectory after the accident, her enduring and persistence to overcome the experience of suffering were identified, as well as the support resources used in this process; besides the meaning of feeling rehabilitated: recovering the ability to taking care of herself and her children and work. Conclusions: This report of a severe burn survivor shows the rupture experienced with intense suffering in a context of changes, involving the survivor's personal, social and professional life.


This paper is concerned with a non-homogeneous in space and non-local in time random walk model for anomalous subdiffusive transport of cells. Starting with a Markov model involving a structured probability density function, we derive the non-local in time master equation and fractional equation for the probability of cell position. We show the structural instability of fractional subdiffusive equation with respect to the partial variations of anomalous exponent. We find the criteria under which the anomalous aggregation of cells takes place in the semi-infinite domain.


Experience with the growing number of large‐scale and long‐term case‐based reasoning (CBR) applications has led to increasing recognition of the importance of maintaining existing CBR systems. Recent research has focused on case‐base maintenance (CBM), addressing such issues as maintaining consistency, preserving competence, and controlling case‐base growth. A set of dimensions for case‐base maintenance, proposed by Leake and Wilson, provides a framework for understanding and expanding CBM research. However, it also has been recognized that other knowledge containers can be equally important maintenance targets. Multiple researchers have addressed pieces of this more general maintenance problem, considering such issues as how to refine similarity criteria and adaptation knowledge. As with case‐base maintenance, a framework of dimensions for characterizing more general maintenance activity, within and across knowledge containers, is desirable to unify and understand the state of the art, as well as to suggest new avenues of exploration by identifying points along the dimensions that have not yet been studied. This article presents such a framework by (1) refining and updating the earlier framework of dimensions for case‐base maintenance, (2) applying the refined dimensions to the entire range of knowledge containers, and (3) extending the theory to include coordinated cross‐container maintenance. The result is a framework for understanding the general problem of case‐based reasoner maintenance (CBRM). Taking the new framework as a starting point, the article explores key issues for future CBRM research.


An ecological comparison was made between an alpine population of Thalictrum alpinum L. from the White Mountains of California and diploid and triploid plants of an arctic population from Ogotoruk Creek, Alaska. In a uniform environment plants of the alpine population were found to differ physiologically from the arctic plants in their photoperiod requirement, temperature of optimum photosynthesis, and photosynthetic light efficiency. Arctic triploid differed from diploid plants primarily in their greater vigor and photosynthetic capacity. Certain of the physiological differences between populations correlate with structural leaf characteristics, and are comparable to those previously found between arctic—alpine populations of Oxyria digyna. The ecological differences between the arctic chromosome races are discussed in relation to polyploid frequency in the arctic. See full-text article at JSTOR


The objective of this study is to design an inventory management system for motorcycle parts manufacturing in order to control inventory of raw material, forecast demand and schedule production planning. The system includes storage for inventory, an indicator for monitoring the motorcycle parts and reporting the level of current inventory of the items. The integrated information on the status of inventory is used to decide whether an order for the inventory should be made. This system helps to keep track the flow of products and supplies faster and reduce the total inventory cost.


We develop a multi-scale method to rapidly design efficient and fabrication-compatible nanophotonic devices, and demonstrate it by designing a mode multiplexer with 98.1% efficiency in 104 iterations under 50 seconds using 16 cores.


A group of patients who underwent free skin or muscle flap transfer to the upper extremity are compared with a similar group who were treated by a conventional distant pedicle skin flap. The most frequent indications for using a free flap technique were the presence of an exoskeletal fixation apparatus at the recipient site which precluded a more conventional procedure, or the desire to obtain an innervated flap for sensibility. The free flap group generally had more massive defects. In this group, the mean initial surgical time was 5.37 hours and total cost was $7,692. An average of 1.58 general anesthetics was required, and the mean postoperative hospilalizalion was 13.08 days. In the conventional distant pedicle flap group, mean initial surgical time was 2.76 hours and total cost was $6,849. An average of 2.54 general anesthetics was required and mean postoperative hospitalization was 19.15 days. All cases had a successful outcome, although the complication rale was slightly higher in the free flap group. Overall, the economic advantage was slightly weighted toward the conventional pedicle flap group, although hospitalization time was longer. Therefore, for the management of soft tissue defects in the upper extremity requiring pedicle flap coverage, a free flap should probably be chosen only for specifìc indications and special circumstances.


Series Editors' Preface - Richard H Price Planning in Prevention - Jonathan A Morell Implications from a General Model Prevention Planning as Social and Organizational Change - Marshall Swift and Thomas W Weirich Prevention Planning at the Federal Level - Stephen E Goldston Prevention Planning In Community Mental Health Centers - Carolyn Swift Prevention Planning in the School System - Joel Meyers and Richard D Parsons Self-Help and Prevention - Alfred H Katz and Jared Hermalin Mighty Oaks - Sheila H Akabas The Potential of Prevention in the Workplace Planning Prevention Programs for Older Persons - Sharon Simson and Laura B Wilson


A combination of normal coordinate analysis (based on a Urey–Bradley–Kekule force field) (UBFF) and modified neglect of diatomic overlap (MNDO) calculations were employed to determine a qualitative working assignment of the vibrational spectrum of acridine. This assignment was employed in resonance Raman studies of the chromophoric acridine-based anti-tumour drug amsacrine. The assignments emerge from the potential energy distribution (PED) calculations in the normal coordinate analysis and from the potential energy minima and optimized geometry in the MNDO calculations. The MNDO frequency parameters were calibrated using the carbon–hydrogen stretching modes.


This paper brings forward a standard disposition pattern that aims at managing semi-structured information based on MAS(Multi-Agent-System) in an E-Commerce environment. EC system is powerful to solve many problems by this pattern,such as data mining translating,information integrating,data-related managing.The paper, based on the MAS, introduces a way to design architecture of information encapsulation by using wrapper to screen or translate the isomerous part of the semi-structured information,enables the background-system to manipulate and manage the information through some common interfaces supported by the system. A Web site system that bases the organization on this pattern will also be introduced as an application example.


IT IS the purpose of this communication to present a program of management of the technical aspects of extensive partial gastrectomy for complicated duodenal ulcer that has gradually evolved in this clinic in the four-and-one-half-year period ending January, 1951. As in any teaching surgical service, the training of young surgeons is second in importance only to providing the best possible care for the patient seeking aid in the hospital. Of 200 consecutive resections for duodenal ulcer (including 9 cases of marginal ulcer, which is the same disease but slightly disguised by the altered anatomy resulting from previous inadequate surgery), 104, . . .


The role of male and female sterilization in the Indian family planning program is discussed. A total of approximately 10.2 million sterilizations were performed in India during the period 1956-1972. About 78% of these procedures were performed on persons who were at least 30 years old. 67.3% of those sterilized had 4 or more children. Since the average age of the patients was 36.3 years and the average number of living children was 4.9 it is concluded that stronger motivational and educational approaches to sterilization should be implemented.


ABSTRACT In this article, a combination of the wavelet neural network framework and the line-up competition algorithm is used to solve the economic optimization algorithm for an industrial-scale atmospheric distillation column (ADC) process. Compared to the relevant measuring data from Sinopec Wuhan Petroleum Group Company, China, the first optimal operating conditions show that the increments of the duties of furnace and pump-arounds of the ADC can effectively improve oil production. In our approach, the preflash column (PFC) coupled with ADC is denoted as an industrial-scale crude distillation unit (CDU) process. Since the PFC can produce light naphtha and reduce the furnace duty and steam consumption of ADC, it is verified that the CDU process provides the higher economic potential than ADC. Based on the second optimal operating conditions, the plantwide control strategy is employed to operate the system safely as well as regulate the outputs of the plant in the presence of inlet perturbations. Within the plantwide control framework, the inventory control aims to keep the controlled variables close to the desired operating condition and the quality control loops use a combination of inferential predictions and feedforward ratios to effectively suppress the temperature spikes of trays and furnaces. Finally, the simulations show that the product quality is guaranteed due to no offset ASTM D86 distillation temperature responses.


As to the wideband digital array radar(DAR),the fluctuation of amplitude and phase in channel and the inconsistency among channels can be reduced by channel equalization,whereas the normal method is too sensitive to noise.Firstly,it puts forward an effective testing method for frequency response characteristics of wideband channel.Then the methods of choosing standard channel and feature-extracting of equalization filter are discussed.Then it brings forward an improved designing method for coefficients of equalization filter based on Fourier Transform.Finally an evaluating method for channel equalization effect in noise conditions is brought forwards.The effectiveness of above methods is validated through analyzing of equalization result.


Target areas for Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) restocking programs are often located far from the laboratory where larval rearing is developed. During translocation, the larvae are submitted to highly stressful conditions due to handling, packing, and transport activities. The aim of the present study was to assess the mortality rates of U. cordatus megalopae caused by different transportation procedures. Megalopae at loading densities of 50, 150, and 300 ind.L-1 were packed in double polyethylene 12 x 25 cm plastic bags with 200 ml of marine water at salinity 30. The bags were filled with oxygen at a proportion of 1:2 parts of water and sealed tightly. The trepidations during transport were simulated by the use of a shaker device (800 vibrations/minute) over periods of three and six hours inside a dark container. The survivorship rates of larvae after simulation were compared to those obtained in control groups, which consisted of plastic vials with megalopae at a loading density of 50 ind.L-1 maintained at rest. Immediately after the two transport simulations, there was no significant difference in survivorship between the treatments and the control. However, 24 hours after simulation some of the tested densities resulted in significantly lower survivorships. The results demonstrated that U. cordatus megalopae can tolerate six hours of shaking during transportation, at high densities with minimal mortality.


For the miniImageNet experiments of XtarNet, we utilized ResNet12, a residual network with 12 convolutional layers, as architecture of the backbone network. ResNet12 consists of four residual blocks having 64, 96, 128 and 256 respective channels. We use a LeakyReLu for activation function and the slope is 0.1 at x < 0. Each residual block contains three 3 × 3 convolutional layers, where every convolutional layer is followed by a batch normalization and an activation function. For the last layer of the fourth residual block, we do not use an activation function. The residual connection of each block consists of a single 3 × 3 convolutional layer and a batch normalization layer. At the end of each residual block, 2 × 2 max-pooling is applied. To reduce the dimension of the feature vector, a global average pooling is applied to the output of the last residual block. For every residual block, we use a dropout layer with a drop ratio of 0.2 after the max-pooling layer. For all methods other than XtarNet, the difference is that we use a ReLu for activation function and do not remove the activation at the last layer of the fourth residual block.


— Cluster based wireless sensor networks have the advantage of reduced energy consumption and increased message delivery compared to the situations where no hierarchical communication is used. Cluster heads (CHs) play the important role of performing data gathering and aggregation from surrounding nodes and thus must be efficiently chosen. This paper describes a CH election algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on LEACH that uses adaptive separation distance and load distribution (LEACH-ASDLD) in order to enhance network lifetime and message delivery. The proposed algorithm considers the number of neighbors in the vicinity of each node as well as the expected packet size to be transmitted in electing the appropriate CH, thus distributing network load among key sensors within the network rather than evenly distributing the load among all nodes. Using adaptive separation distance determines the number of CHs per round and ensures their uniform spread over the observation area. In order to determine the importance of using adaptive separation distance combined with load distribution we have performed Matlab simulations and compared our algorithm with a minimum separation distance (MSD) algorithm entitled Improved Minimum Separation Distance (IMSD), an enhancement to MSD. Our simulations show that using the proposed algorithm can extend the lifetime of the network and provide increased message delivery by up to 15% depending on the simulated network and packet sizes.


A novel center-fed wideband slotline antenna is proposed using the multi-mode resonance concept. By symmetrically introducing one or two pairs of slot stubs along the slotline resonator near the nulls of electric field distribution of the second odd-order mode, two modes are excited in a single slotline radiator. With the help of these stubs, the second odd-order mode can be gradually merged with its first counterpart, resulting in a wideband radiation characteristic with two resonances. Prototype antennas are then designed and fabricated to experimentally validate the principle and design approach. It is shown that the operation fractional bandwidth of the proposed slotline antenna could be effectively increased to 31.5% while keeping an inherent narrow slot structure.


This review will address three main questions relevant to child psychology and psychiatry: first, what is known about the nature of human cerebral dominance and how it develops; second, what can be said about the exceptions (left handers and those with right hemisphere or bilateral speech); and third, what if any are the implications for intellectual and educational abilities


This paper proposes the noble multimodal biometric system using multiple biometric traits such as face, ear and finger. This combination of multimodal traits is unique combination offering a better authenticity and accuracy than the existing multimodal biometric systems. In this experimentation the discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) is used for extraction of features which is followed by the principle component analysis (PCA). The wavelet coefficients are being extracted with the help of different wavelets, where only approximation coefficients are being considered in this experimentation. PCA offers dimension reduction by generating the principle components in the form of eigen faces which is used further for recognition followed by the classification.


Using generalised inverses and their relationship to least-squares problems, controls and state estimators are derived for linear systems. These results are then extended to nonlinear systems using a fixed-point theorem.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the differentiation potential of rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into Schwann-like cells in vitro.

METHODS
ADSCs isolated from adult SD rats were cultured in vitro and identified with the cell surface antigens CD44, CD49d and CD106 by immunocytochemistry. The ADSCs of the sixth to eighth passages were inoculated in polylysine-coated culture plate and cultured for 12 days in DMEM/F12 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 5 ng/ml platelet-derived growth factor, 10 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor, 14 micromol/L Forskolin and 200 ng/ml Heregulin to induce their differentiation in vitro. Immunocytochemistry was performed to identify the expression of the cell surface markers nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100, and P75.

RESULTS
The isolated and purified ADSCs were positive for CD44 and CD49d expressions but negative for CD106. After 12 days of culture in the conditional culture medium, most of the cells showed positive expressions of GFAP, S-100, and P75, the specific protein markers of Schwann cells.

CONCLUSION
Adult rat ADSCs are confirmed to have potentials of neuroglial differentiation and capable of differentiating into Schwann-like cells in vitro.


Hyponatremia of exercise (HAE) is discussed using a case study of a 42-year-old amateur triathlete who experienced HAE four times within a 6-month period. A review of literature was performed to determine the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of HAE. Current theories on the development ofHAE are discussed, with the probable cause being increased ingestion of hypotonic fluids, but this has not been scientifically proven. The current body of knowledge in these areas is presented to guide primary care providers in the treatment of athletes with emphasis on fluid restriction, necessary laboratory tests, monitored use of hypertonic intravenous solutions, and recommendations for training and race strategies for endllrance athletes who experience RAE.


This essay tries to explain the influence that waters resources have on an ecosystem with agricultural uses like in the case of Donana. Water resources management will be analyzed in this context. The direct interrelation between the rice field, Donana and water allow us to diagnose the future of an area as fragile as this one.


Since J. McTaggart's paper on "The Unreality of Time" the opposition of "A-theorists" and "B-theorists" establishes a focal point in the modern debate on the metaphysics of time: While "A-theorists" claim the existence of an objective present, moving along time positions, "B-theorists" maintain that time is just a set of ontologically equivalent coordinates, "now" being merely the indexical of the speaker's position. Contemporary attempts to resolve the issue by resorting to the analysis of language or to the theory of science seem to deliver no definite results. By contrast, practical and existential aspects of the two models promise to be more univocal guides in deciding between them. Particularly, C. D. Broad's hybrid conception of a "growing block theory" attains special attractiveness in this regard.


Highly pelagic large marine vertebrates have evolved the capability of moving across large expanses of the marine environment; some species routinely move across entire ocean basins. Our understanding of these movements has been enhanced by new technologies that now allow us to follow their movements over great distances and long time periods in great detail. This technology provides not only detailed information on the movements of a wide variety of marine species, but also detailed characteristics of the habitats they use and clues to their navigation abilities. Advances in electronic tracking technologies have been coupled with rapid development of statistical and analytical techniques. With these developments, conservation of highly migratory species has been aided by providing new information on where uncommon or endangered species go, what behaviors they perform and why, which habitats are critical, and where they range, as well as, in many cases, better estimates of their population size and the interconnectedness of subpopulations. Together these tools are providing critical insights into the ecology of highly pelagic marine vertebrates that are key for their conservation and management. 73 A nn u. R ev . E co l. E vo l. Sy st . 2 01 2. 43 :7 396 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w .a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g by U ni ve rs ity o f A lb er ta o n 11 /3 0/ 12 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. ES43CH04-Costa ARI 26 September 2012 10:32