The van Krevelen diagram has been used widely to describe the change of biomass composition during the thermochemical decomposition. However, the theoretical background on how the composition point of raw material moves towards the point of the product with thermochemical decomposition on the diagram has not been well clarified. This paper attempted to formulate a theoretical equation presenting the slope in van Krevelen diagram based on the removal rates of volatile products during thermochemical decomposition. An equation was established to predict the slope of the movement (or called as the reaction trend line) based on the generated amount of volatiles (H2O, CO2, CO and organics) during thermochemical conversion. This equation was applied to predict some empirical trend lines for torrefaction to confirm the relevamce of this equation, the consistency was excellent. Furthermore, the equation shows its capability in representing other thermal degradation process with a slope variation depending on the raw material.
Keywords: Biomass; thermochemical decomposition; van Krevelen diagram; change of composition


The results of the solvolysis reported in Table I demonstrate that α-metallocenyl carbonium ions are remarkably stable. Indeed, the rates indicate that these α-metallocenyl carbonium cations are of the same order of stability as the triphenylmethyl cation. Qualitative observations such as the solubility of ferrocenecarboxyaldehyde in dilute hydrochloric acid and the facile conversion of phenylferrocenylcarbinol to the corresponding methyl ether by refluxing aqueous methanol previously have implied a high order of stability for such ions.


In this review, Nandi et al. revisit the mechanisms by which Notch receptors and ligands contribute to normal mammary gland development and breast tumor progression. The authors also discuss combinatorial approaches aimed at disrupting Notch- and TME-mediated resistance that may improve prognosis in breast cancer patients.


The article presents an analysis of law enforcement practice for 2009-2011 for compensation of damage caused to forests, water bodies, and soils as a result of environmental violations. Discuss how to apply existing judicial practice methodology for calculating the harm caused the above objects of the environment. However, the application of techniques of the calculus of harm is not always justified. With this in mind, as well as other countries experiences, the authors propose to calculate the amount of damage caused by environmental offenses, a forensic examination use.


In the crystal of the title polymeric compound, [HgI2(C4H5N3)]n, the HgII cation is located on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated by two I− anions and two 2-aminopyrazine ligands in a distorted HgI2N2 tetrahedral geometry. In the crystal, the 2-aminopyrazine ligand is equally disordered over two positions about an inversion center, and bridges the HgII cations with pyrazine N atoms to form a polymeric chain running along the c axis. In the polymeric chain, the amino groups link to the coordinated I− anions via intermolecular N—H⋯I hydrogen bonds.


For the purpose of practice, introducing attribute and even of MSComm activeX Setting forth the material application, discussing two methods how to use MSComm activeX,and noticeable questions by the example for communicating of intelligent display with MSComm activeX


It is shown that if A is doubly stochastic and if each of P and Q is a permutation matrix such that then necessarily per A2 per A. Necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of the eigenvalues of A and the ranks of A and A2 are given which insure strict inequality.


In this paper we consider a class of solutions of Maxwell-Higgs equation in higher dimensional static curved spacetimes called Schwarzchild de-Sitter spacetimes. We obtain the general form of the electric fields and magnetic fields in background Schwarzchild de-Sitter spacetimes. However, determining the interaction between photons with the Higgs scalar fields is needed further studies.


Kernel methods have been among the most popular techniques in machine learning, where learning tasks are solved using the property of reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). In this paper, we propose a novel data analysis framework with reproducing kernel Hilbert C∗-module (RKHM) and kernel mean embedding (KME) in RKHM. Since RKHM contains richer information than RKHS or vector-valued RKHS (vvRKHS), analysis with RKHM enables us to capture and extract structural properties in such as functional data. We show a branch of theories for RKHM to apply to data analysis, including the representer theorem, c ©2021 Yuka Hashimoto, Isao Ishikawa, Masahiro Ikeda, Fuyuta Komura, Takeshi Katsura, and Yoshinobu Kawahara. License: CC-BY 4.0, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Attribution requirements are provided at http://jmlr.org/papers/v22/20-1346.html. Hashimoto, Ishikawa, Ikeda, Komura, Katsura, and Kawahara and the injectivity and universality of the proposed KME. We also show RKHM generalizes RKHS and vvRKHS. Then, we provide concrete procedures for employing RKHM and the proposed KME to data analysis.


Despite data supporting the use of simulation training in procedural specialties and accreditation requirements, few options exist for electrophysiology (EP) training. We aimed to develop a low‐cost, accessible simulator for training in EP mapping, and to test the simulator in a group of novice users.


We report about a novel class of electroactive nanocomposites designed to perform spring-like actuation at low applied voltages. These systems are based on the impregnation of plain paper with a highly conductive ionogel, interpenetrating nanostructured conducting electrodes are printed on the paper/ionogel substrate by supersonic cluster beam deposition. Due to the structure and mechanical properties of the paper substrates, helix-shaped actuators can be obtained by coiling strips of the nanocomposites, thus enabling the production of electroactive components exhibiting motion up to two millimeters with a polarization of 5 V. Our approach constitutes a promising solution for the development of adaptive soft robotic architectures and smart flexible systems with bio-inspired motility.


Nonaccidental head trauma is the most common cause of death or serious neurological injury resulting from child abuse. Clinical features that suggest nonaccidental head trauma include no history of trauma or only minor trauma, subdural and retinal hemorrhage, cerebral edema and occasional skeletal injuries in an infant with little signs of external trauma. Evaluation of these children requires a detailed history and physical examination as well as documentation of intracranial injury with neuroimaging, a dilated fundoscopic examination and a skeletal survey. The long-term neurodevelopmental outcome for survivors of nonaccidental head trauma is generally poor. Prevention may be the only reasonable solution.


By analyzing the data form monitoring radiant intensity in solar greenhouse, it was discovered that there was a larger variation in radiant intensity at upper canopy from south to north than that from east to west, but the situation was opposite at lower canopy. Generally the differences of radiant intensity from top to bottom were greater than those from south to north.


There is some overlap between our analysis and work previously published by Zipin, but the former is more applicable to the specific problem addressed.


Free radicals, produced in human body, cause biomolecule damages which are in the origin of various diseases. A previous study in vitro showed that phenolic compounds present in the leaf decoction of H. ulmoides had a significant reducing and scavenging power, they can reduce the risk of these diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize the major phenolic compounds of these leaves by HPLC-MS n Fresh leaves of H. ulmoides were collected in Masako. After drying, the polyphenolic compounds of these leaves were extracted with methanol and analyzed by HPLC-MS


In this paper we present a new approach for fast calculation of analog circuits' feasibility regions. We use low level functional measures to assure the basic functionality of the considered circuit. These are approximated to give a fast estimate of the region, in which non-pathological behavior of the circuit is guaranteed. As this approximation can be complex, a method to reduce this complexity is proposed. With an example it is shown that this method reduces the originally specified definition region by 70%. Furthermore we show that using the feasibility region as a definition region for circuit-modeling significantly increases the accuracy.


In this article stories told by graduate Psychopedagogy students are presented. They were produced while the students were doing their practicum. The change in the organizations which they learn and the organizational learning provide us the theorical framework to understand the improvement of teaching. The narrative inquiry, specifically the stories collected by way of semistructured interviews, allowed us to know about the students perception of the practicum and to propose some improvements.


The slowdown of private building industry resulted in growth of remodeling market as a way to improve energy performance. Remodeling is considered more cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for energy efficient building than new construction. Since 2008, Seoul has promoted Building Retrofit Project (BRP) preponderantly to attract energy-saving renovation by supporting building owners to switch building system into energy-saving system when they remodel their old buildings. According to 2012 press release, 254 Private sectors participated in this green building project and annually reduced 41000ton of greenhouse gas emission, 14000TOE, which also result in 7.5 billion won energy cost savings per year. The paper focuses on the building envelope remodeling as a way to improve energy efficiency. Different components of the building envelope such as wall insulation, window, and shading, were applied to the baseline model and the comparison was analyzed to come up with the ideal solution. This study only assesses the building envelope as to suggest the way to redesign the better energy performing building. Offering solution focusing on the architectural feature is essential because it will provide basic information and standard when remodeling a building for energy efficiency, especially, for the nonresidential buildings used as rental offices.


Tetrapod, dodecahedrons, cubes and bulk Ag 3 PO 4 were prepared by ion-exchange method at room temperature. The self-designed photo-microcalorimetry was used to obtain in-situ thermodynamic and kinetic information on the photocatalytic degradation process of methyl orange over Ag 3 PO 4 . Photocatalytic regularity of Ag 3 PO 4 was explored by simulation experiments outside the system under LED light, and it was verified under the 405 nm laser and Xe lamp, respectively. The molar surface Gibbs free energy of Ag 3 PO 4 was associated with the catalytic properties. The results showed that the catalytic activity order from high to low is in turn of cube, tetrapod, dodecahedrons and bulk Ag 3 PO 4 , and the corresponding thermal effects of the catalytic process were-885.63,-320.78,-238.5 and-161.78 kJ/mol, and also the corresponding enthalpy change rate were-0.59,-0.21,-0.16 and-0.11 mJ/s. The change rule was consistent with the catalytic degradation rate, and the morphology effect of photocatalysis was mainly attributed to surface structure and molar surface Gibbs free energy of Ag 3 PO 4 .


ABALAKINA-PAAP, MARINA, see Mealy, M. ABELS, MONIKA, see Keller, H. ABOUSERIE, REDA see Dwairy, M. ACHOUI, MUSTAFA, see Dwairy, M. AU, KEVIN, see Cheung, M. W.-L. BAUMAN, CHRISTOPHER W., and LINDA J. SKITKA, "Ethnic Group Differences in Lay Philosophies of Behavior in the United States," 438. BENET-MARTÍNEZ, VERÓNICA, FIONA LEE, and JANXIN LEU, "Biculturalism and Cognitive Complexity: Expertise in Cultural Representations," 386. BENET-MARTÍNEZ, VERÓNICA, see Cheng, C-Y. BIRMAN, DINA, "Acculturation Gap and Family Adjustment: Findings With Soviet Jewish Refugees in the United States and Implications for Measurement," 568. BOND, MICHAEL HARRIS, "Grappling With the Demonic by" [Book Review], 212. BOND, MICHAEL HARRIS, see Chen, S. X. BORKE, JÖRN, see Keller, H. BORN, MARISE PH., see Van Hooft, E. A. J. BURLESON, BRANT R., see Mortenson, S. CEULEMANS, EVA, see Kuppens, P. CHADEE, DEREK, see Griffith, S-M. M. CHAN, WAI, see Chen, S. X. CHAUDHARY, NANDITA, see Keller, H. CHEN, HONG, see Jackons, T. CHEN, JING, CHI-YUE CHIU, NEAL J. ROESE, KIM-PONG TAM, and IVY YEE-MAN LAU, "Culture and Counterfactuals: On the Importance of Life Domains," 75. CHEN, SYLVIA XIAOHUA, WAI CHAN, MICHAEL HARRIS BOND, and SUNITA MAHTANI STEWART, "The Effects of Self-Efficacy and Relationship Harmony on Depression Across Cultures: Applying LevelOriented and Structure-Oriented Analyses," 643.


This entry describes the time–frequency signal processing (TFSP) techniques and tools used in wireless communications, with special emphasis on time-frequency array processing. TIME–FREQUENCY ARRAY SIGNAL PROCESSING Conventional array signal processing algorithms assume stationary signals and mainly employ the covariance matrix of the data array. When the frequency content of the measured signals is time varying (i.e., nonstationary signals), this class of approaches can still be applied. However, the achievable performances in this case are reduced with respect to those that would be achieved in a stationary environment. In the last decades, the stationarity hypothesis was motivated by the crucial need in practice of estimating sample statistics by resorting to temporal averaging under the additional assumption of ergodic signals. Instead of considering the nonstationarity as a shortcoming and trying to design algorithms robust with respect to nonstationarity, it would be better to take advantage of the nonstationarity by considering it as a source of information. The latter can then be exploited in the design of efficient algorithms in such nonstationary environments. The question now is, How can we exploit the nonstationarity in array processing? This can be done by resorting to the spatial time–frequency distributions (STFDs), which are a generalization of the TFDs to a vector of multisensor signals (see Fig. 1). Under a linear model, the STFDs and the commonly known covariance matrix exhibit the same eigen structure. In wireless communications involving multiantennae, the aforementioned structure is often exploited to estimate some signal parameters through subspace-based techniques. Algorithms based on STFDs properly use the time–frequency information to significantly improve performance. This improvement comes essentially from the fact that the effects of spreading the noise power while localizing the source energy in the time– frequency domain increase the SNR. STFD-based algorithms exploit the time–frequency representation of the signals together with the spatial diversity provided by the multiantennae. The concept of the STFD was introduced for the first time in 1996.It was used successfully in solving the problem of the blind separation of nonstationary signals. This concept was then applied to solve the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Since then, several works were conducted in this area using the new concept of STFD. The following notations are used throughout the rest of this chapter. For a given matrixA, the symbolsA,A,A, A, trace(A), and norm(A) respectively denote the transpose, conjugate, conjugate transpose, Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse, trace, and (Euclidean) norm of A.


【 Abstract 】 Objective To investigate the changes of HBsAg in patients coinfected with HBV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who receive antiviral therapy. Methods To observe the changes of HBsAg and related indexes in 36 HBV/HIV co-infected patients after receiving antiretroviral therapy containing tenofovir and lamivudine. Results Baseline and on treatment parameters were associated with longitudinal HBsAg levels. HBeAg–positive patients achieved a decline of 0.93 log IU/mL in HBsAg, whereas HBeAg-negative patients only achieved a decline of 0.56 log IU/mL during 2years of cART. 10(45%) patients of the HBeAg-positive population achieved HBeAg loss and 2(5%) achieved HBsAg loss. HBsAg levels correlated with CD4 T-cell counts. HBsAg levels were significantly lower in patients who had a stronger increase between nadir CD4 and current CD4 T-cell counts during cART. HBsAg decline is dependent on an effective immune status. Conclusion HBsAg kinetics early during treatment were predictive of HBsAg seroclearance and correlated with an increased CD4 T-cell counts, underlining the importance of immune restoration in HBV clearance.


A method, system, and device for transmitting data during an access point switching process, for use in solving the problem found in the prior art that the latency of an interruption to a data side is increased during the access point switching in a heterogeneous network. The method of embodiments of the present invention comprises: a user equipment determines that a reconfiguration of all or some DRB from a source cell to a target cell is needed while an RRC connection is kept unchanged; and, during the access point switching process of the data side, the user equipment transmits data via a data radio bearer of a source cell, where the data radio bearer of the source cell is the last data radio bearer used before the access point switching of the data side. Because the user equipment transmits the data via the data radio bearer of the source cell during the access point switching process, the latency of the interruption to the data side during the access point switching in the heterogeneous network is reduced; this further increases switching efficiency and reduces data transmission time.


We evaluated the effect of added weight load on exercise oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) in 13 cardiac rehabilitation patients (age 66, VO2max = 27 mL/kg/min). Each patient walked on a treadmill at S mph and 0 % grade in eight-minute stages without added weight and with added backpack weight-load increments of 5 kg until a previously determined training HR (THR) or 20-kg weight load was achieved. Oxygen consumption, HR, blood pressure, and rated perceived exertion, increased significantly at each level. The increases in VO2 and HR with added weight were not related to initial body weight. Two patients achieved established THR at 15 kg and six patients achieved THR at 20 kg. The remaining five patients reached a mean of 87 % of desired THR. No ischemic electrocardiogram changes or dysrhythmias were observed. We conclude that weight-loaded walking (15–20 kg\ may be used as an alternate method of exercise training in patients who require a training VO2 in the range of 12.0–16.0 mL/kg/min.


Based on practice of supervision of Phase 2 geological disaster prevention treatment project for Yangtse River Three Gorges,the features,contents and functions of supervision work in anti-geological disaster project are analyzed and discussed.


Recent studies on the syntax-discourse interface have argued that the discourse information is syntacticized in the clause periphery (Speas and Tenny, 2003, Haegeman and Hill, 2013). Allocutive markings have been examined to analyze the structure of such speech act projections (Miyagawa, 2017, Portner et al., 2019, Yamada, 2019). However, the exact features represented syntactically in the left periphery have not yet been fully revealed. Investigating a hitherto understudied honorific allocutive marker (the addressee-honorific upgrader or AHU), we propose that a feature encoding the information about the territory of the addressee (territory feature) is also syntactically represented in the clause periphery in addition to a feature for the addressee honorification. They condition the use of AHUs via node-sprouting, as proposed and developed in the recent literature of Distributed Morphology (Choi and Harley 2019, Ikawa and Yamada 2020, a.o.).


Optimization is made for a twin-tower tall building composed of two towers and gallery. The span of gallery reaches 53 m.When conventional rigid connection is used between gallery and towers,there exists greater shear transferring from gallery to tower and very large shear forces in towers under static loads. As a result,too many shear walls have to be placed in the original design,the thickness and lateral stiffness of the shear wall are also too big. The fundamental period of structure is less than the characteristic site period,seismic performance is not satisfactory. In this paper,optimization is performed for the original design. The bearing of the gallery is controlled in construction process to solve the problem that moment generated in towers is too big,namely the bearings of steel gallery is treated as sliding bearings at both ends during the construction phase,after completion of the main structure construction,it is treated as rigid bearings,thereby reducing the internal forces assigned to the tower under static loads. On this basis,the plan layout of shear wall in towers is optimized,analysis is carried out to simulate the construction process,and internal force distribution of structure is obtained.Comparative analysis shows that by controlling the bearings of steel truss,the stress state of the towers is effectively improves. Structural costs is reduced while guarantee the safety of the structure. This design optimization provides a new idea for large-span twin-tower structural design and construction.


At each point of the geodetic network, kinematic
quantities are considered: normal strain, shear
strain and rotation. This differs from the treatment
of deformations on the basis of point movements as
the traditional geodetic approach. Strain and rotation
depend on the changes of geodetic datum. In the case
of two different coordinate systems in each epoch,
we cannot calculate the real value of movements,
strains and rotations. Despite the empirical studies
of the datum invariance, we derived analytical
mathematical expressions of functional dependency
of strains and rotations from the relative change of
datum parameters between two measurement epochs.
Practical demonstration of functional dependencies
has been shown in the case of the selected planar
geodetic network.


The invention relates to a method for purifying long-time preserved cyclic ester. The method comprises the following steps: using a mixed solvent of isopropanol and cyclohexane to purify cyclic ester, then carrying out suction filtration to remove the solvent, and subjecting the product to vacuum drying to obtain high purity cyclic ester. The provided method is used to purify cyclic ester, compared with the conventional recrystallization technology, the yield and purity of product are both prominently improved, high purity cyclic ester is obtained and can be used to produce high molecular aliphatic polyester through polymerization, and the production efficiency is largely improved.


Let $G$ be a simple graph. A total dominator coloring of $G$, is a proper coloring of the vertices of $G$ in which each vertex of the graph is adjacent to every vertex of some color class. The total dominator chromatic (TDC) number $\chi_d^t(G)$ of $G$, is the minimum number of colors among all total dominator coloring of $G$. For any $k \in \mathbb{N}$, the $k$-subdivision of $G$ is a simple graph $G^{\frac{1}{k}}$ which is constructed by replacing each edge of $G$ with a path of length $k$. In this paper, we study the total dominator chromatic number of $k$-subdivision of $G$.


Objective:To investigate the causative factors and nursing prevention measures of acute pressure sore in operation in the elderly undergoing hip replacement.Methods:133 old patients undergoing hip replacement were chosen.Risk factors of acute pressure sore were estimated before operation and were cope with timely by special prevention and treatment measures in operation.Results: There were 3 patients who took place acute pressure sore in 2 different places.The incidence of acute pressure sore was 2.26%.Conclusion: The key measures of decreasing acute pressure sore is finding and paying more attention to the high risk group and preventing and treating the causative factors.


Objective: To investigate therapeutic effects of metoprolol combined with digoxin in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) complicated chronic atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods: A total of 106 CHF + chronic AF patients were randomly divided into metoprolol + digoxin group(n=52) and digoxin group(n=54).Short-term effects in one month and rehospitalization rate and cardiac mortality rate within one year were observed in two groups.Results:After treatment one month,compared with digoxin group,there were significant decrease in rest ventricular rate [(91.6±8.5) times min vs.(72.8±9.7) times min]and ventricular rate difference immediately before and after exercise [(23.1±4.2) times min vs.(12.3±4.7) times min]and significant increase in 6min walking distance [6MWD,(256.4±90.4) m vs.(299.8±94.1) m]in metoprolol + digoxin group,P0.05 all;Compared with digoxin group after one-year follow-up,there were significant decrease in rehospitalization rate(42.6% vs.19.2%) and mortality rate caused by heart failure(20.4% vs.11.5%),left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume;significant increase in 6MWD and left ventricular ejection fraction,and significant improvement in New York heart association class and scores of quality of life in metoprolol + digoxin group,P0.05 all.Conclusion: Based on routine therapy,digoxin combined with metoprolol possesses more effects than that of digoxin treatment in one month and one year


In this paper, a MRI image compression technique, which allocates bits effectively by using lossless coding for region having important infommtion to decide disease and lossy coding for the rest, is proposed. In the proposed method, for MHI images needed to rccognize disk disease, we recognizc region having important objects by using the characteristics of c1isease. As the recognized region is imrxlrtant to decide whether disease exists or not, it is compressed by lossless coding and the rest is compressed by lossy coding, Also for the region compressed by lossy coding, we can obtain fine reconstructed images without blocking effect by adopting fractal coding in wavelet transform domain,


Background: Android mobile applications about nutrition and health are starting to be developed, but only a few develop mobile applications with a discussion of overweight adolescents. Android media with exciting features can be an alternative to increase adolescents' awareness of the problem of obesity.Research Methods: Development of an Android mobile application named "Modigiz," which stands for mobile obesity diet nutrition. The application is developed using the agile software development method and uses its development technology, namely Android Studio, Android SDK, Kotlin, Android Jetpack Library, Github, Figma, and Canva.Research Result: The Modigiz application implements the principle of quick feedback for application users. Users can find nutritional status information about each feature display, and there is feedback for consultations between users and the team via WhatsApp no.Conclusion: The Modigiz application was developed for overweight adolescents to monitor their nutritional status and manage their diet independently. In addition, this application also provides nutrition and health information for users, so it is hoped that it can encourage healthy behavior habits and implement balanced nutrition.


Air quality in open - pit mines is the big concern relating to the occupational safety and healthy, as well as the surrounding environment. In the past years, management of the air quality in open - pit mines is challenge due to the limit of science and technology in the assessment of the effects of meteorological conditions and toxics in open - pit mines. Therefore, this study assessed the effects of meteorological conditions on the air quality in deep open - pit mines. The air velocity distribution and the dispersal mechanism of the air quality were evaluated at the Coc Sau open - pit coal mine (Vietnam) based on the measured and simulated datasets. Two fixed stations were set up in the ground to monitor the wind direction, wind speed and the temperature to evaluate the stable of the actual ozone layer based on the Pasquill ozone layer. The datasets were also used to analysis and 3D simulate to understand the air pollution mechanism in the Coc Sau open - pit coal mine. On the other hand, the change of the temperature in vertical was measured to determine the to determine the existence of a temperature inversion layer. It is considered as the main reason for the air quality reduction and the natural air circulation in deep open - pit mines. The findings indicated the existence of the temperature inversion layer and they are useful for proposing the artificial ventilation in deep open - pit mine, aiming to improve the air quality in open - pit mines. The 3D simulations also revealed that the high dust and gas concentrations in open - pit mines are due to the stable of the ozone layer.


: Objective: The main purpose of this study was to observe the association of the ABO Blood groups with diagnosed cases of Ischaemic Heart Disease with a more vigorous attempt to find coronary artery risk factor in predisposed blood groups and to evaluate the patients for coronary artery disease in predisposed blood group who are presenting with chest pain with normal E.C.G specially with predisposing coronary artery disease risk factors and/ or positive family history. Material & Methods: Study Design : Simple descriptive study. Study Setting: This study was conducted in the department of Cardiology Liaquat University Hospital at Hyderabad. Sample Size: Two Hundred One Patients. Duration of Study: Six Months, from September 2009 to February 2010. Sample Technique: Convenience. Results & Conclusion: The results obtained show that in 201 patients included in this study, the prevalence of IHD in blood group A is higher than in all other ABO groups. This study was conducted to assess the association of ABO blood group with IHD. It is found that blood group A+ is more associated with Ischaemic Heart Disease in our setup. This finding is also supported by the studies conducted in other parts of the world. This study also found that Dyslipidaemia is more common in blood group A+ individuals as compared to Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. The findings of our study indicate additional screening in the patients of predisposed blood group for IHD and its risk factors and can help the public and patients. The observations of the study also suggests for further research regarding molecular and genetic basis of association in IHD and ABO blood groups, especially in blood group A+.


Promoting healthy and active lifestyles is an important objective for many governing agencies. The design of active urban environments can be an effective tool to encourage more active behaviors and water features can attract people, improving their experience of the urban space. To explore the potential of these concepts, we designed Fontana; an interactive public installation that aims to stimulate physical activity and social connectedness in the urban outdoor space, using the multidimensional attractiveness of water. We focus on the use of embedded interactive technology to promote physical activity, using water as a linking element between users. Adopting a research-through-design approach, we explored how such installations can nudge people into an active behavior while additionally strengthening social connectedness, using inclusive design principles. We report on insights gathered through this case study and findings of a preliminary user test, discussing the implications of this work for design researchers and practitioners.


Gibberellic acid(GA)is a very important plant hormone that can improve seed germination and plant growth.Industrially produced GA through fermentation with the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi is mainly used.As the industrial strain of this fungus does not produce spores,DNA transformation with spores as receptor was limited.A method for protoplast preparation and DNA transformation of G.fujikuroi industrial strain by electroporation was provided here.The result showed that the mixture of dryslase and lysing enzyme at an mass ratio of 3:7 had a good effect for protoplast preparation.Electroporation with the parameter value of the voltage between 0.8 and 1.0kV got the highest transformation rate,18 transformants perμg DNA.This method can be applied not only in genetic improvement of G.fujikuroi industrial strain,but also in study of molecular biology within this rice pathogen.


The main objective of this article is to present a historical background of the military control (governmental) in the Cananeia/Iguape coastal plain in the first decade of the 19th century, through the archaeological analysis of a symbol of this power, the local fortifications. In order to achieve this objective, the Masters Degree dissertation "Archaeology of the 19th century fortifications at Cananeia/Iguape coastal plain, SP", as well as questions related to the importance of the appliance of underwater archaeological methodology in the earth/water interface will be reviewed. The appearance of new questions about the maintenance and legitimacy of power in this region in the second half of the 19th century – that point to a new issue to be analysed, the seascapes – is the consequence of this careful approach to the results of the research.


In the framework of the development of time temperature integrators for the evaluation of sterilisation processes, the thermal stability ofB. licheniformisandB. amyloliquefaciensα-amylase at reduced water content was studied based on isothermal experiments in a temperature range of 113 to 130 °C. The degree of heat-induced enzyme inactivation was monitored by measuring the decrease in thermal denaturation enthalpy, or alternatively the decrease in enzymatic action on p-nitrophenyl-α-d-maltoheptaoside or on starch as a substrate. The activation energies of heat inactivation of these enzymatic systems varied from 185 to 522 kJ/mole.


This paper describes two cases of perineal hernia in the cat, a condition so far unreported in this animal. One, a 10-year-old spayed female, had a history which could have explained the development of the condition. The other, a 15-month-oId male, had no apparent predisposing history. The surgical repair is described and aetiologies discussed.


This paper reports the results of a comprehensive study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the wide frequency range (8-12, 26-37, and 78-118 GHz) with arrays of vertically aligned and disordered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which have been obtained by the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method. The obtained nanotubes represent a composite of multiwall CNTs with encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles of iron phases, i.e., magnetically functionalized nanotubes (MFCNTs). MFCNTs were formed on silicon substrates, and disordered arrays in the form of powder were obtained by separating the MFCNT arrays mechanically from the walls of the quartz reactor. The frequency dependences of the reflection and transmission coefficients of EMR of MFCNTs of two types were investigated. The high electromagnetic shielding efficiency (40 dB) of MFCNTs associated with the reflection of electromagnetic waves was detected. Possible mechanisms of attenuation of electromagnetic signals by aligned and disordered MFCNTs were discussed.


Spectral assessment of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is hampered by non-baroreflex mediated heart rate variability (HRV), which adds to the baroreflex mediated HRV. Relating HRV (baroreflex output) to blood pressure variability (BPV, baroreflex input) may therefore yield BRS values that are too large. The authors propose to overcome this problem by computing BRS in the Mayer waves (0.05-0.15 Hz), while keeping the non-baroreflex mediated HRV in the high frequency band by 15/min (0.25 Hz) metronome breathing.


The features Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) are mostly explored in Face Recognition and CBIR. GLCM technique is explored here for Copy-Move Forgery Detection. GLCMs are extracted from all the images in the database and statistics such as contrast, correlation, homogeneity and energy are derived. These statistics form the feature vector. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is trained on all these features and the authenticity of the image is decided by SVM classifier. The proposed work is evaluated on CoMoFoD database, on a whole 1200 forged and processed images are tested. The performance analysis of the present work is evaluated with the recent methods.


. Phase lag, \E fT and R, a parameter measuring the departure from adiabaticity, can be derived directly from multicolor photometry. The same quantities can also be calculated from theoretical non-adiabatic pulsation models. We present here some preliminary theoretical results which indicate that these quantities depend on the mixing length param eter used to treat convection in the standard ML theory. The comparison favours models with a values between 1 and l.5Hp. Non-adiabatic mod els also predict the observed phase lags for the newly discovered 7 Dor g-mode pulsating stars.


In 2010, a nationwide, antenatal, human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) antibody screening program for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HTLV-1 was started in Japan. Screening test-positive pregnant women underwent a confirmatory test (western blot test (WB) at the time). In indeterminate cases on WB, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing has been added to diagnose infection since 2016. Pregnant women who test positive on WB or PCR are identified as HTLV-1 carriers. They are given detailed information by healthcare providers and select a suitable infant feeding method. However, in PCR test-negative cases, whether they are not infected or their levels are below measurement sensitivity is unclear, and whether MTCT will be established in them is also unclear, because there have been no reported cases. An HTLV-1 MTCT case is reported from a mother who was PCR-negative. The mother was 38 years old. Although her WB during her first pregnancy was indeterminate, PCR was not available at that time. WB was not applied during her second pregnancy (Table 1). Western blot was omitted because of previous results in her second pregnancy. She selected exclusive formula feeding for her infant. She participated in the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) research group when she was pregnant with her third child. The first PCR test was negative. At that time, there was little evidence regarding the relationship between viral load and MTCT in HTLV-1-negative PCR test cases. It was explained that the screening test-positive result might be a false positive result and she might not be infected, because the PCR test was negative even after a long period of time after the two previous antibody tests were positive and that the PCR-negative result might be a false-negative result below measurement sensitivity, which, even if that were the case, would indicate an extremely low viral load. After the explanation, the mother selected breastfeeding. The child was born healthy at full term. The child had been breastfed until 1 year and 6 months of age and remained healthy. After the third child was 3 years old, the child's screening test was positive. Western blot and PCR tests were then performed; the WB was negative, but the PCR was positive. At the same time, the mother also underwent WB and PCR tests. The WB remained indeterminate, but the PCR was qualitatively positive, and the diagnosis of MTCT was established. The mother and child were healthy, and they had no history of blood transfusion. Informed consent and proxy consent were obtained from the mother. This is the first report showing HTLV-1 MTCT in a maternal PCR-negative case and suggests that, even after a long period of time after a positive screening antibody test, there are cases in which the results of the WB test remain indeterminate or are not detected by PCR. In addition, at 3 years of age, the child's PCR test may be positive even if the WB test is negative, making it a challenge to diagnose HTLV-1 infection. The line immunoassay (LIA), which should reduce indeterminate cases, was introduced in 2018, but measurements in the present case were made before introduction of the LIA. A higher viral load has been reported to increase the rate of MTCT, so the possibility of MTCT has been considered low when the viral load is low, but caution should be exercised, because even a negative HTLV-1 PCR test with a low viral load resulted in MTCT. From the MHLW Science Research Results Database in Japan, 223 (25.4%) of the 974 pregnant women recruited for the HTLV-1 Prevention of MTCT Cohort Study had an indeterminate confirmatory test, and 106 (82.2%) of the 129 pregnant women with an indeterminate result whose PCR test results were registered were negative. Although the LIA has been introduced, there are still some indeterminate cases with this assay, and it is necessary to accumulate evidence on how to deal with mother-to-child transmission in PCR-negative cases using the LIA method. We should inform PCR-negative mothers about the limitations of PCR testing and the appropriate follow up of their children. Correspondence: Yasuhito Nerome, MD PhD, Division of Reproductive Health Care Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, Japan. Email: email@example.com Received 2 October 2020; revised 18 December 2020; accepted 7 January 2021. doi: 10.1111/ped.14615


From mid century XIX, the Spanish capital's accelerated population increase originated deep changes in its morphology and its structure like city, as well as in the social realities that welcomed. The guidelines of behaviour between the social individuals, families and groups experienced great transformations at a time of great changes and rooted traditions, to the time that the familiar strategies varied based on the time and of the social class. In order to analyze social behaviours in constant evolution, the information provided by the municipal registers of 1860, 1878 and 1905 of South Extension of Madrid will be analyzed. Madrilenian Extension, and in individual their South zone, is a privileged scope of study, because it meant an ambitious project that opened to Madrid to the outside, and a new space where a population arrived that left its old habits of life in the heat of to integrate in a city transformation.


Objective To investigate the cell cycle regulatory mechanism of cyclin D1 in U87 glioma cell.Methods We were designed the siRNA of cyclin D1 according to the cDNA sequence of CCND1 from the gene database of NCBI GenBank,and verified the inhibitory effeciency of siRNA using western blotting.Then cell cycle analysis of the CCND1 knockdown U87 cells was carried out by flow cytometry.Results The expression of CCND1 was inhibited,and compared with the negative control(NC) groups transfected with CCND1 siRNA in U87 cells can significantly arrested the cell cycle at the G1/S transition,and promoted the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 peak.Conclusion Inhibition of the expression of CCND1 can significantly repressed the cell cycle progression,and will be of special help for treat ment of the glioma in clinic.


Oocyte secreted factors (OSFs) regulate apoptosis in cumulus cells (CC). FGF10 and BMP15 are OSFs that enhance cumulus expansion and embryo development when added to the IVM medium. Progesterone signaling is antiapoptotic in CC and essential for oocyte developmental competence. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of BMP15 and FGF10 alone or combined on CC apoptosis, as well as on expression of apoptosis related genes (FAS, PUMA, BAX, BCL2, BIRC4, MDM2 and nPR) and progesterone production in bovine COCs undergoing IVM. Groups of 20 COCs (grades 1 and 2) from 3-8mm follicles of abattoir ovaries were cultured for 22 hours in 450µL of maturation medium (TCM 199 containing Earle's salts supplemented with 0.4% BSA; 1µl/mL FSH; 22µg/ml sodium pyruvate, 75µg/ml amicacin) without growth factors (control group) or supplemented with FGF10 (RD 8 replicates for apoptosis). After IVM, CC and oocytes were mechanically separated and CC were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and Annexin V- APC (BD Biosciences Pharmingen), and counted in a flow cytometer to quantify viable (PI-/A-), early apoptotic (PI-/A+), apoptotic (PI+/A+) and necrotic (PI+/A-) cells. Progesterone concentrations were measured in the culture medium by radioimmunoassay (Kodalmedical, IgAc). Abundance of mRNA encoding pro and anti-apoptotic factors was assessed by real time qPCR normalized to CYC-A. Effects of treatments were tested by ANOVA and means were compared by the Fisher protected test. FGF10 increased the percentage of viable cells (66±2.4, 81.9±3.2, 72±3.2 and 71.9±3.5 for control, FGF10, BMP15 and FGF10+BMP15, respectively), decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells (22.7±2.1, 7.2±1.1, 19.7±2.9 and 21.9±2.7) and increased the BCL2/BAX ratio (0.7±0.1, 1.2±0.1, 0.5±0.1 and 0.7±0.1). The combination FGF10+BMP15 decreased the percentage of early apoptotic cells (6.9±1.3, 7.7±2.3, 4.4±0.8 and 2.7±0.4 for control, FGF10, BMP15 and FGF10+BMP15, respectively), decreased FAS (1.3±0.21, 1.3±0.1, 0.98±0.22 and 0.81±0.17) and increased nPR (0.41±0.05, 0.64±0.15, 0.8±0.27 and 0.99±0.16) mRNA abundance. Progesterone production and expression of PUMA, BIRC4 and MDM2 were not affected by growth factors. The present data suggest an antiapototic role for FGF10 in the bovine COC by mechanisms involving regulation of BLC2/BAX ratio. Moreover FGF10 appears to interact with BMP15 to prevent early apoptosis during IVM by mechanisms involving suppression of FAS and increased nPR expression. The anti-apoptotic action of these OSFs on CC may account for their positive impact on oocyte developmental competence.


Abstract We model a manufacturing or service system processing a fixed number of tasks subject to random disruptions generated by a renewal process, such that a task has to start over from scratch if it is interrupted. We study the impact of an increase in disruption rate on the mean throughput of the system, using tools from stochastic ordering. We show that a system that is stochastically better than another does not necessarily have a higher mean throughput–the deciding factor is the hazard rate of the underlying disruption process. We prove that a system that is better than another in the sense of hazard rate ordering of time between disruptions is guaranteed to enjoy a higher average throughput.


Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is widely used to detect the incipient fault of power transformers. However, the accuracy is greatly limited by selection of DGA features and performance of fault diagnostic model. This paper proposed a fault diagnostic method integrating feature selection and diagnostic model optimization. Firstly, this paper set up three feature sets with eight basic DGA gases, 28 DGA gas ratios and 36 hybrid DGA features, respectively. Then, to eliminate the interference of weak-relevant and irrelevant features, the genetic-algorithm-SVM-feature-screen (GA-SVM-FS) model was built to screen out the optimal hybrid DGA features subset (OHFS) from three feature sets. Next, using the OHFS as the input, the support vector machine (SVM) multi-classifier optimized by ISGOSVM (SVM classifier optimized by improved social group optimization) was built to diagnose fault types of transformers. Finally, the performance of OHFS and ISGOSVM diagnostic model was tested and compared with traditional DGA features and diagnostic models, respectively. The results show that the OHFS screened out is comprised of 14 features, including 12 gas ratios and two gases. The accuracy of OHFS is 3–30% higher than traditional DGA features, and the accuracy of ISGOSVM can increase by 3% to 14% compared with the SGOSVM (SVM classifier optimized by social group optimization), GASVM (SVM classifier optimized by genetic algorithm optimization), PSOSVM (SVM classifier optimized by particle swarm optimization), and SVM diagnostic models. The proposed approach integrating the OHFS with ISGOSVM achieves the highest accuracy of fault diagnose (92.86%).


ABSTRACT In order to investigate the influence of the central linking group and effect on flexibility on mesophase behavior of liquid crystal we have synthesized newly homologous series viz. 3-(4-Octyloxyphenyl)-1-(4′-n-alkoxy phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (Series-l) consists of thirteen homologues (C1 to C8, C10, C12, C14, C16, C18). Textures of a nematic phases are threaded or Schlieren type. The textures of smectic and nematic phase are directly judged from the heating and cooling condition. Group efficiency order for mesophases is derived on the basis of thermal stabilities from the comparative study of thermometric data determined from structurally analogous series. A transition curve as depicted in a phase diagram behaves in normal manner. Structural and conformational characterization of these new compounds had achieved by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis.


A bijection is defined from the set of motions on the infinite Toda lattice of strings to a set of sequences of linear wave equations in 1+1 dimensions, the sequences being generated by a generalisation of the classical Darboux map. The bijection is applied to find probably all such wave equations for which characteristic initial data propagate without spreading.


PrefaceAcknowledgmentsPart I. Helping Substance-Abusing Women in General1. Introduction: History, Epidemiology, and Consequences2. Etiologies and Risk Factors3. Factors in Successful Treatment Programs for Women4. Treatment MethodsPart II. Helping the Six Specific Vulnerable Populations5. Pregnant Women6. Adolescent Girls7. Older Women8. Homeless Women9. Street Prostitutes10. LesbiansAppendixesAppendix A. Screening ToolsAppendix B. Relapse Among Substance-Abusing WomenAppendix C. Turning the Child Welfare System's Involvement from Crisis Into OpportunityReferencesIndex


Expression levels of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β‐site amyloid (Aβ) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) have been implicated in Alzheimer disease (AD) progression. In a well‐characterized Belgian group of 358 AD patients and 462 controls, we examined whether genetic variability in microRNA (miRNA) binding sites of APP and BACE1 or in associated miRNAs influenced risk for AD. Direct sequencing identified six variants in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of APP and 29 variants in the 3′ UTR of BACE1, of which few variants were restricted to patients: in APP; 4 variants in 6 patients (∼2%) and in BACE1; 7 variants in 11 patients (∼3.5%). Further genetic screening of the miR‐29 cluster encoding the miR‐29a/b‐1 genes showed 10 variants in close proximity of this cluster. Association studies using all common variants detected in the 3′ UTR of BACE1 and the miR‐29 gene cluster did not identify an association with AD risk. However, we did observe statistical interaction between rs535860 (BACE1 3′ UTR) and rs34772568 (near miR29a; odds ratio [OR]interaction, 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17–0.96; P=0.033). While the exact role of the patient‐specific miRNA variants within the 3′ UTR region of APP and BACE1 demands further analyses, this study does not support a major contribution of miRNA genetic variability to AD pathogenesis. Hum Mutat 30:1–7, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


THE recent finding of elevated levels of gonadotropins in tumor tissue and urine by bioassay in 4 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma strongly suggests the production of gonadotropins by these neoplasms.1 We have obtained proof of secretion of gonadotropin by a primary pulmonary neoplasm with the demonstration of an arteriovenous gradient of a serum gonadotropin concentration across the tumor bed by the use of a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay technic for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were also determined by a radioimmunoassay technic. These findings are reported below. Methods Tissue Extracts Fresh tissue was obtained at operation and at . . .


With the development of technique in the optical network, its survivability and QoS are more and more concerned. Based on the strategies with differentiated QoS for survivable optical network, this paper introduces the principles and importance of survivable optical network in order to explain the reason for studying strategies with differentiated QoS for survivable optical network. Moreover, the general classification diagram of traditional schemes of optical network survivability is given. This paper induces and compares with them from the facets that include principles, performances, strongpoint, shortcomings and so on. Finally, the kinds of strategies that are used for different services are described in detail in terms of differentiated QoS parameters for survivable optical network.


In this paper, a simplified chemo‐hydro‐mechanics (CHM) model, in which only solute concentration is considered in the aspect of chemistry, is proposed to reflect the viscoelastic deformation of clay soil. By using the proposed model, the responses of the excess pore‐fluid pressure, solute concentration, and displacement of the viscoelastic clay soil are derived through the Laplace transform method. Then, semi‐analytical solutions, in the time domain, are obtained via the inverse Laplace transform numerically. The influences of viscosity on excess pore‐fluid pressure, solute concentration, and displacement are investigated through an illustrative example. The results show that: (1) the clay soil in low viscosity can be simplified as an elastic model; (2) the higher viscosity not only accelerates the dissipation of excess pore‐fluid pressure, but also slows down the deformation of the clay soil; (3) the viscosity of clay soil poses little impact on the distribution of solute concentration.


Secondary production of a congeneric species group of Acartia Dana, 1846, was estimated during a summer-autumn period (from June to October 1989) using a calculation based on the size-frequency distribution. Our study area was Malaga harbour (SE of Spain), a shallow (10 m depth) and semi-isolated ecosystem with restricted circulation. Acartia was the dominant copepod in the water column. Co-occurring species were Acartia grani, Acartia clausi, and Acartia discaudata var. mediterranea. Estimated average production was 29.12 mg dry wt m-3 d-1 (13.10 mg C m-3 3 d-1). The high values of chlorophyll concentration suggest that copepods can always find sufficient food for growth at maximum rate. The results obtained were similar to previous estimates for other Acartia species in coastal areas.


Purpose :
In partial fulfilment of the requirement of Bachelor of Information Technology (Hons) in Information Security, I required to propose and complete this final year project. This project was aim to develop a secure online shopping website to protect users from cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, authentication bypass and session fixation vulnerabilities.
Scope :
This secure online shopping website contains many modules and sub-modules such as member registration, product maintenance, shopping cart, checkout the product, trace the order status and the others. For security features and functions, it's had included account lockout, account session timeout and auto logout, password encryption, client and server side authentication, strong session identifier and so on.
Methodology :
This project was using Security Software Development Life Cycle (SecSDLC) methodology throughout the development process. SecSDLC had involved the security functional requirements in all stages such as vulnerability assessment. This can help to ensure the web application is secure and free from targeted security vulnerabilities in this project..
Development phases :
This project had involved many phases such as identify functional and non-functional requirements, design security requirement, architecture and design reviews, best practice coding, vulnerabilities assessment and so on.
Assessment criteria used :
This project will using BurpSuite software to intercept the data traffic between users and servers to fix the session to bypass the authentication. Besides that, BurpSuite also used to analyse the session prediction to identify how easy to predict the session identifier.
Results :
The results shown that it's successful prevent the attacker to bypass the authentication and fix the session through the intercepting. The session prediction analysis result also shows that the session ID is very hard to predict.
Conclusions and Recommendations :
This web application was secure and success from preventing cross-site scripting, SQL injection, authentication bypass and session fixation web application vulnerabilities. This project helped me to understand more about the web vulnerabilities including how its work and also learn how should protect it by using different countermeasures


Abstract : The effect of coating composition on structural changes and oxidation behavior was studied using a Sn-Al spray-slurry system with tantalum, tantalum alloys, columbium, tungsten and molybdenum. In tests conducted at 3000 F, it was found that increased oxidation protection was significantly related to the thickness of the tin-rich phase at the surface. Refractory metal powder additives plus excess aluminum to form aluminide particles served best to increase the thickness of this phase. Coating composition was optimized, and an extensive evaluation was carried out with Ta-10%W, Ta-30%Cb-7.5%V, and Cb-5 In oxidation tests at 1100 F to over 3000 F protective life was significantly affected by substrate composition, coating thickness and thermal cycling. Tensile and stress rupture data were obtained on coated samples at 2000 to 3000 F and correlated fairly well with data in the literature for uncoated material. Preliminary studies were made of coating stability at air pressures in the micron to millimeter range. Oxidation and diffusion effects were explored by metallographic electron probe and x-ray analysis. A brief study of Ta 10Hf-5W in contact with Al2O3 at elevated temperatures showed that this alloy was unstable in contrast to pure tantalum, Ta-10W, and Ta-30Cb 7.5V, which were quite stable.


Many smartphones users experience pain in the neck. This pain can be due to flexed neck position. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between smartphone addiction and neck pain.

Method: A total 195 young students were enrolled. The SAS-SV used to divide participants into addicted and non-addicted group. Both groups completed the PRWHE questions to evaluate neck hand pain, and further analyzed in SPSS software.

Result: 56% students were smartphone addicts; 66% students reported pain. There was a significant correlation between smartphone addiction and neck pain (PRWHE) among young population (P = 0.45).

Conclusion: Our study found that prevalence of smartphone addiction among young population is high. Furthermore, a correlation between heavy smartphone usage and neck pain cause subclinical effect.


We report a modified synthesis for5-mercapto-UTP (5-SH-UTP) anditsuse foranalysis ofprotein-RNA interactions utilizing Escherichia coilandT7 RNA polymerases andyeastRNA polymerases IandIll. 5-SH-UTP didnotaffect transcriptional pausing, Rhoindependent termination orrecognition oftheE.coIi transcription complex byNusA.RNAcontaining 5-SHUMPdidnotcrosslink topolymerase whenirradiation was at302or 337nm. Transcription complexes containing RNA substituted with5-SH-UMPwere post-transcripti onally modified toattach aphotocrosslinking grouptothiol-tagged nucleotides intheRNAon thesurface ofthepolymerase orfreeinsolution. The pK,for5-SH-UTP was determined tobe 5.6,so modification ofthethiol groups intheRNA with p-azidophenacyl bromide couldbecarried outatpH7. Addition ofthetranscription termination factor Rho,a RNAbinding protein, toE.colitranscript ion complexes resulted inRNAcrosslinking toRhoandtotheI8and 5'subunits ofpolymerase. Using5-SH-UTP, one can distinguish RNA binding domains on thesurface of RNApolymerases orother RNAbinding proteins from thoseburied within theprotein.


The approximate equivalence of certain adjective forms and the genitive forms of the corresponding nouns has long been recognized by scholars. Wackernagel, after a brief consideration of the phenomenon in both Greek and Latin, concluded that attempts to distinguish differences in meaning had in general been unsuccessful1). In regard to the most striking example of this phenomenon in Plautus, the use of eritis and eri, recent scholars have not been satisfied with Wackernagel's skepticism. L?fstedt doubts the equivalence of erilis and eri. He thinks that the adjective is regularly used with phrases spoken with a certain "Verehrung", and that in any case its uses are specialized and in general limited to certain set expressions2). Haffter enthusiastically approves this opinion, observing that erilis in contrast to eri occurs in contexts of especially strong feeling 3). He points to the opening of the Mostellaria, where the Eumaeus-Iike Grumio indulges in various "pathetic" types of expression including the phrase erilis permities. Ignoring metrical considerations, we find some grounds for being skeptical of any semantic distinction between this genitive and its corresponding adjective. It is true that Grumio's speech at the opening of the Mostellaria is charged with feeling and that he seems to use erilis twice (Mo. 3, 21*) ; but are we to assume that he suddenly loses his affection for his master a few lines later when he uses


The improvement of energy efficiency is one of the main areas of activity in the context of implementing the principle of sustainable development. This need stems from the ongoing environmental and social changes and conditions in the form of limited energy resources and the need to adapt to climate change.The EU undertakes a number of initiatives promoting actions aimed at reducing the energy intensity of the economy. Key solutions are included in the energy and climate package adopted in 2008 and Directive 2012/27/EU, which obliges EU Member States to establish a system to support energy efficiency. Considering these formal requirements, the aim of the article is to diagnose the degree of progress in implementing the assumptions of the energy and climate package in Poland and to present the results of the analysis in the field of the energy efficiency of the Polish industrial sector. The main problem of the study is to indicate trends in the studied phenomenon in the manufacturing, which in 2016 was responsible for 22.6% of final energy consumption. The study uses an analytical and descriptive method. The concept of sustainable development was characterised based on a review of the literature and source documents. The research on the progress in the implementation of the energy and climate package was based on a taxonomic measure using the Hellwig's multidimensional comparative analysis method, while the ODEX index was used to assess the energy efficiency of the industrial sector. The study covered the years 2005–2016. The conducted research indicates that the Polish economy should fulfil the objective of the energy and climate package in the field of energy efficiency improvement, and manufacturing is the sector in which changes in this area are the fastest.


The use of a basis set additivity approximation for the calculation of ionization potentials of AHn compounds has been tested for NH2 and found to be valid. The calculated ionization potentials for NH2→NH+2(3B1) and NH2→NH(1A1) remain in good agreement with experiment.


The method comprises: using the least squared method to get the training pilot symbol location channel response HPji relating to the system receiving antenna; after interpolation, getting the channel response value Hji of all subcarrier location between the antenna pairs, and making the inverse Fourier transform for all response channel value Hji to get the impulse response of multipath hji; selecting the important path to get channel impulse response hji'; making Fourier transform for hji to the channel response Hji'; traversing all receiving antenna pairs to the channel response estimation initial value of the current channel between all receiving antenna pairs; using the reference pilot symbol of data frame to estimate the offsetPhiji of channel phase; using thePhiji to compensate the Hji' to get the final channel response estimation H of the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) OFDM system.


Hygienic conditions of minced meats sold in ten retail points (supermarkets and butcheries) of five towns in Emilia Romagna region were tested. Results showed an improvement of hygienic conditions in last years, but these remain unsatisfactory, particularly in Modena because of the high number (80% of samples in disaccordance with the Italian law. The danger for consumers' health is neglectable since minced meats are generally consumed after cooking, but the possibility of contamination in the domestic area of other foods, stored in the same place and not subjected to cooking, remains.


Depression and low perceived social support (LPSS) have been linked with increased risk for coronary heart disease. Now, researchers have assessed


We propose a symmetry of the Dirac equation under the interchange of signs of eigenvalues of the Dirac's $K$ operator. We show that the only potential which obeys this requirement is the Coulomb one for both vector and scalar cases.


Aims: (1) To identify the influence of the contextualization of sedated patient, by means of life reports and photographs, from the perception of care of the nursing team and (2) to evaluate the proposed intervention as a strategy for humanization in the care for sedated patients. Method: Qualitative intervention study, with 43 professionals of the nursing team of an Intensive Care Unit. Data collection consisted of a prior interview, the intervention (fixing of pictures and life reports of sedated patients to the bedside and orientation for the professionals to read them, with the intervention lasting 10 days) and a post-intervention interview. Three frames were fixed and these contained a photograph and life reports of the patients collected through their family members. Results: In the pre-intervention, the discourses showed that verbal interaction provides more security during the care, there are reasons for preferring to care for unconscious patients, such as the challenge of the complexity and the reward with recovery, as well as the unavailability to attend to frequent requests of the conscious patient. The care was valorized independent of the level of consciousness, knowledge about aspects of the patient's life increased involvement and there was a concern not to judge the patient and to rescue the best of the other. In the post-intervention, it was observed that the contextualization of the patient rescued important elements for the care, such as emotion promoting sensitization, the awakening of empathy with the contextualization, and the involvement and commitment to the care. In addition, a conflict between change of attitude and being defensive was apparent. Conclusion: The proposed intervention was validated as a strategy for humanization in the care for sedated patients.


Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitaminDdeficiency among Iranianwomenof reproductive age. Methods: In this multicentric cross-sectional study, 300 women aged 15 - 45 years referring to Tehran branch of Islamic Azad university hospitals from 2013 to 2015 were recruited. The collected data included the demographic characteristics of the participants, including age, body mass index (BMI), parity, and serum level of vitamin D. Serum levels of 25-dihydroxy vitamin D were measured by radioimmunoassay. Vitamin D was defined as deficient < 20 nmol/L, mild 25 nmol/L, moderate 12.5 - 25 nmol/L and severe12.5 nmol/L. Statistical analysis was performed, using Excel software. Results: Amongthe300patients, 257 caseshadvitaminDdeficiency;amongwhom,122 caseshadsevere, 96hadmoderateand38hadmild deficiency. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, only 14.8 of the study population had normal serum vitamin D levels, indicating that the majority of Iranian women in the reproductive age have vitamin D deficiency. © 2016, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.


Abstract. The study have shown that protein-energy deficiency (PED) resulting in reduced intestinal immunity. Several effort have been done, however the clinical management of PED remains ineffective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal immunity effect of bee honey on protein-energy deficient mice. The mices were randomly devided into 3 groups i.e control non protein-energy deficient, protein-energy deficient, and protein-energy deficient bee-honey treated. After treatment, mices were sacrified and small intestine removed and processed by standard histological techniques. The cross section of small intestine were used for histological analysis and Hsp70, PGE2, sIgA immunohistochemicaly analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate between groups. The results of study revealed that use of bee-honey in protein-energy deficient mice can histologically intestinal mucous improvement and immunohistochemically increasing of intestinal immunity. Bee-honey have a potency as an immunomodulator, therefore using bee- honey is positive therapeutic value for protein-energy deficiency.


For applications related to human, such as Internet of Things (loT) and wearable devices, near threshold voltage (NTV) technology has been proposed for the trade-off between performance and energy consumption. However, errorresilient techniques are required in the circuits to improve reliability of the NTV operation. In this paper, we propose a low-overhead error-resilient system and a design flow for NTV operations. We use a new monitoring circuit, which can detect timing errors and find an optimal operation point of the system. Also, we propose two different methodologies, which are slack-based methodology and sensitivity-based methodology. From the proposed monitoring system and the sensitivitybased sorting algorithm, benchmark results show that the optimal designs provide up to 46% monitoring area reduction maintaining similar error detection ability of the conventional error-resilient design.


A new frequency weighted optimal Hankel norm model reduction method is proposed. The method is an extension of the technique presented in Wang et al. (1997). The method yields stable models even when both input and output weightings are included and also gives an a priori error bound. A numerical example is given to compare the proposed method with other existing methods.


Observations of respiration rate, catalase activity, peroxidase activity ("physiological activity") and some growth characteristics of roots of citrus rootstocks were made. These were carried out on seedlings of six rootstocks (five months old) grown in a standard nutrient solution and on seven- to ten-year-old budded trees growing in the orchard. The orchard trees, budded to only one scion, were propagated from the same rootstocks as were used in the study of seedlings. A comparison was also made of five additional scions budded on one rootstock.A technique was developed to obtain roots from orchard trees for the study of their physiological and morphological characteristics.Significant differences were found in the "physiological activity" of the roots of the various rootstock seedlings. A significant negative correlation existed between the final length of the main root and the physiological activity of the roots.Significant differences were found in the physiological activity of the roots of the vario...


.— Hybridizationis an importantevolutionarymechanisminplantsandhasbeen increasingly documented in animals. Dif(cid:142)culty in reconstruction of reticulate evolution, however, has been a long-standing problem in phylogenetics. Consequently, hybrid speciation may play a major role in causing topological incongruence between gene trees. The incongruence, in turn, offers an opportunity to detect hybrid speciation. Here we characterized certain distinctions between hybridization and other biological processes, including lineagesorting, paralogy, and lateral genetransfer,thatareresponsible


Recently, word fusion techniques have become increasingly popular in Chinese Named Entity Recognition (CNER), which can make full use of displaying word information and word sequence information. However, the information of Chinese pinyin are often ignored in these methods. Pinyin characterizes the pronunciation of Chinese words, which can well deal with the phenomenon of "same words with different pronunciation" (the same words with different pronunciation and different meaning) in Chinese. Therefore, this paper proposes the Py-CNER (Pinyin Chinese Named Entity Recognition) model, which specifically embeds word information and pinyin information into a dual-stream converter to enhance Chinese named entity recognition in terms of metrics. The experimental demonstrate the advantages and superiority of the fused pinyin information, which finished on Weibo, Resume, and OntoNotes4 dataset.


1. Asphyxia of both the normal and of the iodo-acetic acid poisoned sinus causes alterations in the frequency which closely resemble the changes produced by asphyxia on the mechanical response of the ventricle.

2. Asphyxia in the normal heart produces a great decrease in the rate of a-v conduction, whilst in the I.A.A. poisoned heart asphyxia produces less interference with conduction. This difference is probably due to the production of lactic acid in the former case and its absence in the latter case.

I wish to thank Professor A. J. Clark for his advice and help throughout this investigation.


Object Creation.- Non-Deterministic Aspects of Object-Creating Database Transformations.- Rule-Based Updates of Objects.- Specifying the Dynamics of Complex Object Databases.- A Possible World Semantics for Updates by Versioning.- Specifying Semantics of Evolution in Object-Oriented Databases Using Partial Deduction.- Algebraic Semantics of Objects.- A Semantic Model for Dynamic Systems.- An Order-Sorted Approach to Active Objects.- Logic Approaches to Updates and Constraints.- Dynamic Database Logic: The First-Order Case.- Modelling Database Updates with Constraint Logic Programming.- A Formalisation of Logic Databases and Integrity Constraints.- Integrity Enforcement.- Automatic Rule Generation for Constraint Enforcement in Active Databases.- Integrity Enforcement in Object-Oriented Databases.- Monitoring Temporal Permissions Using Partially Evaluated Transition Graphs.- Discussion Reports.- Update Languages.- Object Migration and Classification.- Author Index.


published in Conference Proceedings, Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education, Dublin, Ireland (May 2004). https://www.aiaee.org/index.php/proceedings/120-2004-dublin-ireland/1085-wonderwise-4-hfollowing-in-the-footsteps-of-women-scientists Published April 20, 2011. Wonderwise 4-H: Following in the Footsteps of Women Scientists A. N. Spiegel, S. K. Rockwell, D. S. Acklie, S. W. Frerichs, K. French, and J. Diamond Abstract Wonderwise 4-H: Women in Science introduces youth to contemporary female scientists in their labs, out in the field, and with their families through nine interactive multimedia kits. Youth learn about the scientist's occupation and participate in hands-on science activities similar to the actual work of a female scientist role model. Using role models was effective in improving youths' attitudes about science through engaging activities and realistic videos. A web survey of 150 adult youth leaders showed Wonderwise 4-H brings "real science" into youths' lives by (a) engaging them in actual scientific activities, (b) increasing their understanding of what science is, and (c) broadening their view of who scientists are, what they do, and where they work. It encourages youth to pursue science in their future by (a) helping them become more confident and capable at scientific endeavors, (b) increasing their understanding of the possibilities of a science career, and (c) connecting them in a personal way with scientist role models.Wonderwise 4-H is a model for how museums and 4-H can work together to improve nonformal science education; 4-H took advantage of a unique opportunity, and the museum reached beyond its usual constituents. Project dissemination was primarily through existing 4-H networks in partner states. The success of this project suggests that opportunities for science learning can be enhanced through innovative collaborations of nonformal educational partners.Wonderwise 4-H: Women in Science introduces youth to contemporary female scientists in their labs, out in the field, and with their families through nine interactive multimedia kits. Youth learn about the scientist's occupation and participate in hands-on science activities similar to the actual work of a female scientist role model. Using role models was effective in improving youths' attitudes about science through engaging activities and realistic videos. A web survey of 150 adult youth leaders showed Wonderwise 4-H brings "real science" into youths' lives by (a) engaging them in actual scientific activities, (b) increasing their understanding of what science is, and (c) broadening their view of who scientists are, what they do, and where they work. It encourages youth to pursue science in their future by (a) helping them become more confident and capable at scientific endeavors, (b) increasing their understanding of the possibilities of a science career, and (c) connecting them in a personal way with scientist role models.Wonderwise 4-H is a model for how museums and 4-H can work together to improve nonformal science education; 4-H took advantage of a unique opportunity, and the museum reached beyond its usual constituents. Project dissemination was primarily through existing 4-H networks in partner states. The success of this project suggests that opportunities for science learning can be enhanced through innovative collaborations of nonformal educational partners.


The curious character of the Poynting vector was mentioned by Heaviside (1887) [5] (see also p. 94 of [6]), where he considered a uniformly magnetized sphere with a uniform electric surface charge. Here, lines of the Poynting vector S (Heaviside's W) flow in circles outside the sphere, about its magnetic axis. As Heaviside remarked: What is the use of it? On the other hand, what harm does it do? In 1963, Feynman posed the now-famous disk paradox related to field angular momentum in sec. 17-4 of [7]. This paradox was perhaps inspired by Heaviside's remarks, as well as a comment of J.J. Thomson, p. 348 of [2], about angular momentum in the electromagnetic field, LEM = ∫ r× (μ0E× B) dVol. An insulating disk has electric charge around its rim and is initially at rest. This disk is coaxial with a solenoid magnet that initially has nonzero current, and the disk is free to rotate with respect to the solenoid. If at some time the current in the solenoid goes to zero, the decreasing magnetic flux in the solenoid induces an azimuthal electric field that causes the charged disk to rotate. The "paradox" is that this behavior appears to violate conservation of angular momentum. At the end of sec. 27-6, Feynman gave a verbal resolution of the paradox: Do you remember the paradox we described in Section 17-4 about a solenoid and some charges mounted on a disc? It seemed that when the current turned off, the whole disc should start to turn. The puzzle was: Where did the angular momentum come from? The answer is that if you have a magnetic field and some charges, there will be some angular momentum in the field. It must have been put there when the field was built up. When the field is turned off, the angular momentum is given back. So the disc in the paradox would start rotating. This mystic circulating flow of energy, which at first seemed so ridiculous, is absolutely necessary. There is really a momentum flow. It is needed to maintain the conservation of angular momentum in the whole world.


Analysis of residues of pesticides in vegetables in southern Jiangsu was conducted in March of 2003. Results indicate that the residues of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)ranged from not detected(ND)to 31.7(μg·kg~(-1)).The residues of HCHs in the samples from vegetable production bases were higher than those in the samples from traditional vegetable fields.Most of DDT has been resolved into p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD.The residues of pyrethroid ranged between ND and 46.9(μg·kg~(-1)).Cypermethrin,fenvalerate and deltamethrin were found to be quite higher than others in the form of residue in vegetables.The residues of carbamate ranged from ND to 111.9(μg·kg~(-1)).The residues of methiocarb and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were widely detected and quite high in concentration,which were much higher in the samples from traditional vegetable fields than from vegetable production bases.The detection rate of aldicarb sulfone was lower than those of aldicarb and aldicarb sulfoxide.The residues of all the pesticides except aldicarb and carbofuran were far below the related national hygiene standard for hazard-free vegetables.


Bluetooth module can reliably and rapidly establish short-range wireless connection.This paper presents a way of achieving auto-networking of wireless transducer network node based on bluetooth module,and this method is used to design a set of wireless environment monitoring simulation system for monitoring the surrounding environment information.


The actuality of the development and introduction of unified payment system for the labour of all categories of workers is substantiated. The conditions and principles of its formation are defined, the expected operating benefits are provided.


The economies of all the countries are growing with the passage of time. In order to promote the businesses in the global markets, technology managers/technical brokers play a key role such as in the optimal allocation of scientific and technological resources. The industrialization of scientific and technological achievements is also possible due to optimal utilization of resources and a balance between exports and imports. The technology managers should be competent enough to bridge the gaps between the resource requirements and the availability of the resources required to run the businesses smoothly. This paper is using multi-criteria methods for analyzing the qualities in the technical managers which can assist the managers to run the businesses in an efficient manner to compete in the global markets. The interviews and questionnaire are used to collect the primary data. The opinion of experts is also considered. Then, SPSS 22.0 statistical analysis software is used to analyze the reliability and validity of the factors considered in the questionnaire. Then by using statistical techniques, a quantifiable competency model of technology managers is constructed. The multi-criteria AHP (analytical hierarchical process) method is used to compare the competency characteristic indexes of each level in pairs and quantitatively describe their importance of the criteria. It also assigns weights to judge the importance of each competency characteristic index. Since the evaluation of technical managers' competency will be affected by various factors as mentioned in the paper, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is also used to transform the evaluation dimension to accurately evaluate the competency of the technical manager which assists to judge the effectiveness of model evaluation. The proposed method provides theoretical and practical basis for the selection, evaluation, and cultivation of technical managers. It provides accuracy in results by 94% by adopting the statistical techniques.


ADAM ASHFORTH RECENTLY PUBLISHED a book on witchcraft in South Africa.' In it, he paints a portrait of his friend Madumo, who, when Ashforth visited him on a recent trip to Johannesburg, was suffering from a spate of particularly bad luck, too sustained to be passed off as a series of coincidences. Madumo is a 'man bewitched', as Ashforth puts it; yet another example, and a particularly vivid one, of how witchcraft can lie at the centre of life in much of contemporary Africa. But just as remarkable here is the fact that Ashforth is not an anthropologist-those people normally responsible for writing about witchcraft and other spiritual things in Africa. Ashforth, it turns out, is a political scientist. Clearly something has changed in recent years when we have political scientists writing books about men bewitched. But it makes sense when we stop and consider just how important 'the idiom of spirit', as Terence Ranger once called it,2 is to the fabric of political, social, and economic life in Africa. Witchcraft, spirit possession, cults of affliction: none of these are phenomena anyone interested in understanding contemporary Africa can afford to ignore. Two edited collections just out from James Currey add to the large body of literature on such 'spiritual' topics. They focus, respectively, on possession


Background and Objectives Urgent transient ischemic attack (TIA) management to reduce stroke recurrence is challenging, particularly in rural and remote areas. In Alberta, Canada, despite an organized stroke system, data from 1999 to 2000 suggested that stroke recurrence after TIA was as high as 9.5% at 90 days. Our objective was to determine whether a multifaceted population-based intervention resulted in a reduction in recurrent stroke after TIA. Methods In this quasi-experimental health services research intervention study, we implemented a TIA management algorithm across the entire province, centered around a 24-hour physician's TIA hotline and public and health provider education on TIA. From administrative databases, we linked emergency department discharge abstracts to hospital discharge abstracts to identify incident TIAs and recurrent strokes at 90 days across a single payer system with validation of recurrent stroke events. The primary outcome was recurrent stroke; with a secondary composite outcome of recurrent stroke, acute coronary syndrome, and all-cause death. We used an interrupted time series regression analysis of age-adjusted and sex-adjusted stroke recurrence rates after TIA, incorporating a 2-year preimplementation period (2007–2009), a 15-month implementation period, and a 2-year postimplementation period (2010–2012). Logistic regression was used to examine outcomes that did not fit the time series model. Results We assessed 6,715 patients preimplementation and 6,956 patients postimplementation. The 90-day stroke recurrence rate in the pre-Alberta Stroke Prevention in TIA and mild Strokes (ASPIRE) period was 4.5% compared with 5.3% during the post-ASPIRE period. There was neither a step change (estimate 0.38; p = 0.65) nor slope change (parameter estimate 0.30; p = 0.12) in recurrent stroke rates associated with the ASPIRE intervention implementation period. Adjusted all-cause mortality (odds ratio 0.71, 95% CI 0.56–0.89) was significantly lower after the ASPIRE intervention. Discussion The ASPIRE TIA triaging and management interventions did not further reduce stroke recurrence in the context of an organized stroke system. The apparent lower mortality postintervention may be related to improved surveillance after events identified as TIAs, but secular trends cannot be excluded. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class III evidence that a standardized population-wide algorithmic triage system for patients with TIA did not reduce recurrent stroke rate.


The patient had Hirschsprung's disease since birth and she developed Budd-Chiari syndrome subsequently at 12 years of age. An extensive literature search did not reveal any similar case. It is highly unlikely that these two diseases are interrelated as one had a onset at birth (congenital disorder) and the other started almost a decade later (likely to be an acquired condition). However, long-standing HD (of 15 years duration) with repeated enterocolitis can give rise to a hypercoagulable state which in turn can produce BCS. Since most cases of HD get operated in early infancy, such late complications due to delayed referral of a symptomatic case have not been documented before. It has been observed that IVC obstruction with or without hepatic vein obstruction may be related to IVC web. In contrast, pure hepatic vein (HV) obstructions are mainly due to hypercoagulable state as coagulation factors are produced in the liver and their concentration is highest in HV. This case had obstruction of hepatic veins and her IVC was patent, thereby suggesting hypercoagulability as a cause of BCS. The association of total colonic aganglionosis with ileal atresia and congenital thrombophilia due to a mutation in the MTHFR C677T (methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase) gene has been reported. It has been postulated that ileal atresia due to vascular thrombosis in-utero might be responsible for prevention of cranio-caudal migration of neuronal cell from the neural crest, giving rise to total colonic aganglionosis. However, in our case the child had classical ano-rectal HD and not total colonic aganglionosis. Though we could not investigate her for hereditary thrombophilia, the temporal correlation of events suggests she might have had acquired thrombophilia due to enterocolitis. Despite lack of reports this case highlights the need for early intervention in HD to prevent such complications.


In this paper, we investigate a coordinated direct and relay transmission for uplink (CDRT-UL) of a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system, in which two users communicate with a base station (BS) with the aid of a decode-and-forward relay. By incorporating both relay links and non-negligible direct links from two users to BS, the CDRT-UL scheme forms an orthogonal structure at the BS receiver side, so that the BS receiver applies only linear combinations to recover the desired signals without abusing successive interference cancellation. Outage probability of the paired two users is derived in closed-form under independent but not necessarily identically distributed Nakagami-𝓂 fading channels. Asymptotic analysis in the high signal-to- noise ratio regime is also introduced that provides closed-form expressions, which indicates that both two users achieve the same asymptotic outage performance. It is also shown that an improved outage performance and the higher target rate can be achieved by the CDRT-UL scheme over those of the DF relay without direct links. The enhanced system performance achieved by the CDRT-UL scheme is corroborated by Monte Carlo simulations.


With rapid development of rural highway,it's very important for limited investment to reach a maximum use and establish reasonable construction standards when meeting the actual demands.According to surveying and analyzing in Henan province,it is beneficial to the scientific development of rural road construction to explore the management of rural highway from services and functions using foreign services starting from the concept of category management.


Ordered porous materials formed by anodic oxidation have excellent property with simple process, controlled pore diameter and high stability, so they have broad further application. In this paper, research progress on porous alumina and titania with ordered nanoarray are introduced. Research progress on ordered porous alumina with little pore diameter and alumina photonic crystal is specially introduced. The structural characteristics and research direction of ordered porous titania membrane are also specially introduced. Other ordered porous materials, such as ZrO2, HfO2, are introduced in brief.


Sir,—I wish to comment on the significance of the findings of Dr Chambers and colleagues [1] in investigating the effects of methoxamine on blood loss during transurethral prostatic resection. A brief review of their references and a further literature search succeeded in finding only one paper where postoperative blood loss was considered. Clarke and colleagues, in studying patients receiving total hip arthroplasty, found that only 55 % of measured blood loss occurred in theatre; the rest of the blood loss occurred in the postoperative period [2]. As all patients who undergo transurethral prostatic resection in this district undergo bladder irrigation overnight, one can only assume a similar picture in this group of patients, and therefore perhaps continuing the study into the postoperative period may have added to the relevance of the findings. Also, if indeed glycine was maintained at a height of 500 cm H2O above the patient, then the operating theatres must have impressively high ceilings! M. ALEXANDER-WILLIAMS Department of Anaesthesia Leicester Royal Infirmary Leicester


ABSTRACT An increasing number of researches has explored entrepreneurial motivations in terms of either opportunity, necessity or a mix of these two, in emerging contexts such as informal economies of Least Developed Countries (LDCs). However, research has stopped short exploring entrepreneurial motivation beyond these three previously mentioned types. This study expands the distinction of opportunity, necessity and mixed motivations in LDCs by exploring additional underlying dimensions. Based on a literature review and a qualitative pre-study with experts on the spot, 170 informal entrepreneurs in Tanzania were surveyed with a questionnaire covering 30 items measuring entrepreneurial motivations. The analyses unbox entrepreneurial motivation in two new distinctive types: those motivations related to the business and those related to the person. On a general level, this study follows up on the increasing call for contextualization of entrepreneurship research. On a more granular level, this study contributes to the existing literature of entrepreneurial motivation, especially in LDCs, by providing detailed insights of two motivation types of informal entrepreneurs in their consideration of shifting to the formal sector. Moreover, detailed pertinent information of the informal entrepreneurs is described, providing a closer look at an LDC's informal economy.


Abstract In recent years, a polymer-free fracturing fluid is under research to minimize the conductivity damage in formation and fracture during and after fracturing. Through extensive experiments, we prepared CO2-sensitive wormlike micelles (WLMs) based fracturing fluid system using anionic surfactant NaOA (Sodium Oleate-C18H33NaO2) and TMTAD (2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-triazaundecane-C11H27N3). Rheological results from viscosity variation with steady shear rate using CO2/pH/time-response after CO2 bubbling confirm that the 3NaOA-TMTAD (3:1) was found as the best one in the properties of WLMs structure and the intermolecular interactions when comparing to 1NaOA-TMTAD and 2NaOA-TMTAD. Further, the surface tension after CO2 bubbling shows a good capability to decrease about 27.01 mN·m−1 at a CMC of 0.543 mM. The cryo-TEM test justifies the occurrence of spherical and WLMs in the fluid, before and after CO2 injection. The fluid system presents an outstanding sand suspension and gel breaking property, which are the positive features during the fracturing and flow back period; respectively. Good response with the alternative changes in CO2 pressures possesses an effective influence on shear viscosity using different temperatures (25 and 85 °C) and shear rates (20, 170, and 200 s−1). Also, the results of a linear relationship and low filtration coefficients verify that the fluid system has good filtration property. Such an easy and environmentally benign fluid system may be involved as a potential candidate in fracturing in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, to reduce the formation damage which is usually very common in the polymer-based fracturing fluid. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Web applications are often exposed to unpredictable workloads, which make infrastructure resource management difficult. Resource may be overused when the workload is high and underused when the workload is low. A solution to deal with unpredictable workloads is to migrate web applications to cloud computing infrastructures, where resources vary according to demand. Since resource variations happen during the application life cycle, adaptation tasks must be performed at runtime. The resource variation and the adaptation tasks lead web applications to different states that do not exist in non-elastic infrastructure, which we call elasticity states. We claim that elasticity states may reveal supplementary application errors and that web applications must be tested accordingly. For that, web applications must be lead through elasticity states throughout the test. The natural way to lead web applications through elasticity states is to expose them to workload variations. However, generating the correct workload to induce infrastructure adaptation in a minimal time, without overloading the application, is a difficult task. Aiming to make the workload generation more efficient, we propose a two phases approach that first analyzes the application adaptation behavior and then generates the appropriate workload. We validated our approach by conducting several experiments on Google and Amazon cloud infrastructures. In these experiments, a web application was successfully conducted through the predefined resource variations.