Comparing prices of similar items manufactured by different companies are a common marketing strategy. The article examines decisions on 2008 under the Trade Practices Act 1974 (TPA) ruling that information should not be misleading to lure customers.


The changes in surface stress of the evaporated gold electrode (mainly oriented to the (111) plane) during underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper in 0.1 M sulfuric acid medium or 0.1 M perchloric acid medium with and without sulfate or chloride were measured using a bending beam method. The surface stress maximum of gold electrode appeared during Cu-UPD. The co-adsorption of (bi)sulfate or chloride ions with copper atoms induced the compressive surface stress to promote the Cu-UPD. The factors influencing the surface stress or surface elastic strain were discussed in relation to the Cu-UPD structure.


How to determine,in the name of law,the nature of the punishment of the students in colleges and universities?How about the judicial relief approach?It is advanced by some scholars that the administrative action of colleges and umiversities in an action of particular relation.But how and in what way is it particular?How to determine its mature?They assume an ambiguous attitude.This paper attempts to probe into these questions in the legal aspects.


Constrained multiobjective optimization problems (CMOPs) are prevalent in various real-world applications, presenting a formidable challenge to existing evolutionary algorithms when faced with intricate constraints. When solving CMOPs, a crucial concern is achieving a balance between convergence, diversity, and feasibility. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a two-archive-based constrained multiobjective competitive swarm optimizer. The algorithm preserves two collaborative and complementary archives to improve population convergence and feasibility. By implementing a competitive particle swarm mechanism, offspring solutions are generated by drawing upon solutions from both archives, thus capitalizing on their synergistic effect and exceptional information. An adaptive parameter is also used to adjust the bias in choosing the winner in the paired competition during the evolution. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in handling constrained multiobjective optimization problems.


Background: Forensic case often encountered bitemark evidence that was found on the victim's or perpetrator's body. Bitemark can be compared with the tooth
model of suspected person physically. However, this technique may cause subjective interpretations. Therefore, an alternative technique to identify the bitemark case was used. The biological evidence from bitemark may be taken by
irrigating the bitemark to collect the saliva and buccal epithelium deposited during biting so that the DNA from the suspected person can be identified. In the fact DNA material that has been found was very limited and might be degraded, less both in quantity and quality. Due to that, an effective method to extract the DNA material is needed. Purpose: Proving the success of DNA extraction with organic method on bitemark samples. Method: Blood and bitemark samples were taken from 5 persons, each sample was exctracted with organic method. Then, the sample quantities will be measured with UV-Spectrophotometer. DNA samples
were amplified with PCR which vWA and TH01 loci were as the target. Visualizing band appearances were using 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Result: Electrophoresis visualisations show band appearances of vWA and TH01
loci from blood and bitemark samples which mean the organic method can be used for bitemark. Conclusion: It was proven that organic extraction can be used to extract DNA from bitemark.


The initiatives to introduce Computer Science as a mandatory subject in K-12 in the U.S. (CSForAll), the U.K. (CAS), or Australia mean that thousands of new teachers will need to be trained both through inservice professional development and preservice teacher preparation. In order to examine the success of these efforts to train new computer science teachers requires computer science education researchers to evaluate the development of knowledge to teach computer science, i.e. pedagogical content knowledge. To date, we know little about how computer science pedagogical content knowledge looks like and how to assess it. This paper reports results from a qualitative analysis of computer science teachers' responses to teaching vignettes about students' understanding of programming constructs. The responses were evaluated using qualitative text analysis and commonalities are presented. In future research, the teachers' knowledge related to programming errors will be investigated on the basis of a survey developed from the answers of the presented study.


We study the graph parameter elimination distance to bounded degree, which was introduced by Bulian and Dawar in their study of the parameterized complexity of the graph isomorphism problem. We prove that the problem is fixed-parameter tractable on planar graphs, that is, there exists an algorithm that given a planar graph $G$ and integers $d$ and $k$ decides in time $f(k,d)\cdot n^c$ for a computable function~$f$ and constant $c$ whether the elimination distance of $G$ to the class of degree $d$ graphs is at most $k$.


A 61-year-old man was admitted for management of gallbladder polyps. The patient refused cholecystectomy as he wished to retain his gallbladder, but consented to undergo pure flexible endoscopic gallbladder-preserving polypectomy. With the patient under general anesthesia, a colonoscope was advanced into the colon for colonic cleansing, following which a detachable colonic exclusion balloon was placed in the transverse colon and inflated to 3.0–3.5 cm in diameter to occlude the transverse colonic lumen. Disinfection of the distal colon was then completed with a 0.1% povidone–iodine solution (▶Fig. 1). A disinfected colonoscope with a transparent cap attached on its tip was inserted and an incision was made on the right anterior wall of the rectum using a HookKnife and IT Knife. The endoscope was passed through the incision and advanced upward until the gallbladder was identified. A 1.5-cm full-thickness longitudinal incision was created in the gallbladder wall, and the tip of the endoscope was inserted into the gallbladder cavity. Several small superficial polyps were seen and resected using an electrocoagulation snare (▶Fig. 2 a, b). This left one invasive, deep, and large (1×0.8×0.3 cm) pedunculated polyp, which was removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection (▶Video 1). The technique used included a circular incision (▶Fig. 2 c) around the lesion using E-Videos


Aim — Coronary of angiography may be normal or without significant lesion after myocardial infarction (MI) in about 10% of cases. Our aim was to evaluate intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings, mainly remodelling, in patients with normal or near normal angiography early after MI. Methods and results — We prospectively included 17 patients, admitted for STEMI or non-STEMI with no lesion > 30% (QCA) on early coronary angiography. Culprit vessel was defined by evidence of a thrombus in a proximal segment, distal embolization or focal akinesia of the left ventricle. Negative remodelling (NR) was defined as a remodelling index (lesion/reference external elastic membrane cross sectional area [CSA]) < 0.95, no remodelling as between 0.95-1.05, and positive remodelling (PR) as > 1.05. IVUS could identify a short, single, minor, eccentric and hypoechogenic lesion in all patients, of proximal location in 76.4% cases. PR was observed in only 1 patient (5.9%). Conclusion — A discrete lesion was observed in all patients with apparently normal arteries. Although previous reports have shown an association between PR and vulnerability, in our study PR was unusual. Our study supports the hypothesis that in some patients, vulnerability may appear very early in the natural history of coronary artery disease before any vessel remodelling.


Recently, attention has returned to the now-famous 1932 thought experiment in which John von Neumann establishes the form of the quantum mechanical Von Neumann entropy -Trρlnρ (S_VN), supposedly by arguing for its correspondence with the phenomenological thermodynamic entropy (S_TD.) Hemmo and Shenker (2006) reconstruct von Neumann's thought experiment and argue that it fails to establish this desired correspondence. Prunkl (2019) and Chua (2019) challenge Hemmo and Shenker's result in turn. This paper aims to provide a new foundation for the current debate by revisiting the original text (von Neumann (1996, 2018)). A thorough exegesis of von Neumann's cyclical gas transformation is put forth, along with a reconstruction of two additional thought experiments from the text. This closer look reveals that von Neumann's goal is not to establish a link between S_VN and S_TD, as is assumed throughout the current debate, but rather to establish a correspondence between S_VN and the Gibbs statistical mechanical entropy S_G. On these grounds I argue that the existing literature misunderstands and misrepresents his goals. A revised understanding is required before the success of von Neumann's reversible gas transformation can be definitively granted or denied.


At the time social entrepreneurship gains momentum, youth organizations try to assume new roles: either by providing youth entrepreneurship trainings or by becoming 'entrepreneurial' themselves. However, these processes are not free of contradictions and unsolved tensions. The article highlights some dilemmas of the conventional discourses on social entrepreneurship in the frame of youth organizations. It argues that both youth work and social entrepreneurship stand for civic values and have long-term (and hard to measure) outcomes. Yet, they both create high expectations and share a bias towards what works. The article aims to provoke reflection and, thus, to broaden the theoretical array that shapes practice in youth organizations.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the phospholipid specificity of lupus anticoagulants (LAC) in autoimmune and drug induced LAC positive patients, and to determine their relevance with the clinical feature thrombosis.

METHODS
Thirty-five plasma samples with LAC were tested. Of these, 22 samples were from patients with autoimmune disease: 12 had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 10 primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). These were compared with 13 patients with drug induced LAC. Antiphospholipid (aPL) activity was tested by inhibition of LAC activity in a modified coagulation assay using the phospholipids: egg phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), 20% phosphatidylserine/80% phosphatidylcholine (PS/PC), and 15% PS/65%PC/20%PE mixture. Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were measured in all samples by ELISA.

RESULTS
In the autoimmune group, 95% were positive for reactivity to PE, 68% for PS/PC, 68% for PS/PC/PE, and 77% aCL. Of the drug induced group, 69% were positive for reactivity to PE, but only 23% for PS/PC, 46% PS/PC/PE, and 23% aCL positive. In the autoimmune patient group, 64% had thrombotic episodes, all of which had anti-PE activity, and 64% had associated anti-PS activity. No drug induced patient had episodes of thrombosis.

CONCLUSION
Autoimmune induced LAC may contain a broader range of phospholipid specificities than those from drug induced patients. These data thus identify another potential reason why patients with drug induced LAC appear to be at less risk of developing APS than those with autoimmune LAC.


Using data from China Water Institution and Management (CWIM) survey, the study first constructs measures of all three most studied dimensions of social capital: trust, networks, and norms. The study then examines if social capital has any predictive powers of individual farmers' contribution decisions as well as farmers' contributions aggregated at the village level. Farmers' choices between different forms of contributions (labor versus cash) are also analyzed. Our results suggest that all three dimensions of social capital explain farmers' contribution decisions. Governance quality of local irrigation systems and the norm of cooperation have strong predictive powers of farmers' decisions to contribute. Strongly agree other villagers can be trusted is positively correlated with farmers' decisions to contribute cash instead of labor and the share of total cash investment at village level contributed by farmers.


Roy F. Baumeister currently holds the Eppes Eminent Professorship in the Department of Psychology at Florida State University. He received his PhD in social psychology from Princeton in 1978 working under Edward E. Jones. After a postdoctoral fellowship in sociology at Berkeley, he spent 23 years on the faculty at Case Western Reserve University, where he held the Elsie Smith Professorship in the Liberal Arts. He also held visiting positions at the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Virginia, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and the Max-Planck-Institute in Munich, Germany. He has taught social psychology, personality, sexuality, and interdisciplinary psychology. He has over 300 publications including 18 books. His new textbook, Social Psychology and Human Nature, is soon to be published. Natalie Kerr Lawrence is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at James Madison University, where she teaches general psychology, statistics, research methods, and social psychology. She is an active member of the Society for the Teaching of Psychology; her research interests focus on the teaching (and learning) of psychology. She is currently studying factors that enhance students' self-efficacy.


The occurrence of nonlocal objects, raw materials, and ideas in the southwestern United States (U.S. SW) has long been recognized as evidence of interaction between prehispanic peoples of this region and those of greater Mesoamerica. Although many archaeologists have analyzed the directionality and potential means by which these objects and concepts moved across the landscape, few have assessed the degree to which Mesoamerican practices and traditional assemblages remained intact as the artifacts and ideas moved farther from their places of origin. The current study analyzes the distribution and deposition of blue-green stone mosaics, a craft technology that was well established in Mesoamerica by the Late Preclassic period (300 BC–AD 250) and spread to the U.S. SW by the start of the Hohokam Pioneer period (AD 475). We assess the spatial distribution, contextual deposition, and morphology of mosaics at sites within Hohokam Canal System 2, located in the Phoenix Basin of Arizona. We use these data to infer mosaics' social value and function within Hohokam social structure. Analyses suggest that, although the technology of mosaic making may have originated in Mesoamerica, the contexts and ways in which mosaics were used in the Hohokam regional system were decidedly Hohokam.


Abstract Not Available – First paragraph follows:
Recent research on fruit harvesting machines in California has centered around two designs.


In the last 10 years, industrial cleaning processes have become more modern, taking into consideration the specific cleaning issues involved. Traditionally, water combined with high pressure was the main method for cleaning in all types of industrial sectors, including warehouse cleaning. However, water alone isn't a disinfectant and when combined with chemicals this can cause dirt build-up rather than removal, as well as an increase in WHS issues such as slips and falls.


Abstract Sunspot observations, normally made with small telescopes during the last four centuries, should be considered a world heritage for many reasons including purely scientific aspects and other cultural and social reasons. Here, these aspects are briefly reviewed.


In the business of logistics distribution,the key is cost optimization which could reduce cost and increase economic returns.According to the character of logistics distribution,the model of cost optimization was set up.The model separated the cargo for one customer into common cargo and urgent cargo,which offered a new idea to reduce distribution cost under the conditions of crash time and the transportation capacity limited.On the basis of this model,the cost optimization genetic algorithm was created and is a specific method and process to apply the algorithm.Actual example shows that the method can get convergence to an outstanding solution fast and efficiently.Therefore this method can get better optimization result during cost optimization of logistics distribution.


Methods and production means of the mechanical industry are disturbed by the presence of computers, robots, programmable controllers, numerical controls, etc. After the appearance of the numerically controlled machine tools, the main developments were marked by an accelerated development of the computational techniques, the processing centers, the group technology, sensors, the geometric modeling techniques and graphical data processing, simulation, CAD/CAM systems, systems and diagnostic techniques, high-level programming languages and the artificial intelligence. Informatics found the first place at the administrative functions of the company: accounting and management, then it enabled the automation of the control and the production processes. However, the "classical" techniques of mechanical, electrical engineering and electronics have evolved, enabling the development of the new performance parts and adjusting the digital signal treatment. Adding the computer techniques to the high established techniques allowed the access to the flexible automation of the manufacturing processes.


A large number of wit hano lides are isolated fr om solanaceous pl ant s and some derivat ives are al so prepared. So me of the withano lides, mainl y Withaferin A(WA), Withanoli de D(WD), Withanoli de E(WE), 3 13- hydroxy-2,3-dihydrowithanolide F, and sit oindosides are assessed for bi ological ac ti vi ti es. These compounds and so me o th er withano lid es are found to have useful biological e ffects such as ant icancer, radiosensitizi ng, antibac te ri al, adaptogeni c, immunomodul ati ng, antioxid ant , hepatoprotecti ve, anti stress, antiinfl ammatory anti arthrit ic, and in sect anti feedan t activiti es. However, none o f th e wi th anolide has so fa r been evaluated for pharmacokin eti c and ph armacodynami c pro perties .. The bi ological activities of th e withanolides vary wit h th e su bstitut io n pattern of the co mpou nds. Fu rt her,several withanolides are present in each pl ant. Thus th e detail ed pharmacological studi es of the wi th ano lides are warranted before any of these compound can be clinicall y assessed and used.


Background: Domestic physical abuse perpetrated by the spouse is documented worldwide. Physical abuse during pregnancy has been related to adverse reproductive outcomes. To address the lack of information on this issue in rural women of Pakistan, the authors studied the prevalence of physical abuse, related obstetric and psychological morbidity and women's perceptions about the husband's attitude. Methods: A community based cross sectional survey of 1,717 women during pregnancy and postnatal period in one Sub district of Rawalpindi conducted in 2008 2009. Results: Prevalence of physical abuse by the spouse was 11% before pregnancy, whereas 6.3% women experienced it in the current pregnancy and postpartum. Violence was commonest in the postnatal period (8.3%). Logistic regression showed that physical abuse before pregnancy was a strong risk factor for abuse during and after pregnancy (p-value = 0.000). Self-reported morbidity (p = 0.012), psychological morbidity (p < 0.00), tiredness (p = 0.00), vertigo (p = 0.001), body aches (p = 0.009), trauma reported in pregnancy (p = 0.007), preterm delivery (p = 0.006) and anemia (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with physical abuse whereas low birth weight, and adverse perinatal outcome were not. About 86% of the women who experienced physical abuse were content with the husband's overall behavior. However when compared to non-abused group they report more; dissatisfaction with the overall attitude of the husband, non-supportive behavior, husband's failure to take care of basic needs and lack of understanding (p < 0.00). Conclusion: In our study of rural women in Pakistan, physical abuse by the spouse was found to be common during pregnancy or the postnatal period and was associated with a significantly high self-reported obstetric and psychological morbidity. It is important to raise awareness of the community health workers in the identification of abuse to reduce its adverse impact on women.


Aim: Our aim in this study is to determine the perceptions of medical residency students studying at a university about the hospital education environment and the factors affecting it.
Methods: This was a descriptive study. The population of the research consisted of specialty students studying at Sivas Cumhuriyet University. The research questionnaire was sent to the participants via text message to their personal mobile phone numbers. Informed consent was obtained from the participants on the first page of the survey link sent to them. The data collection tool used in the study included a total of 71 questions. The first part was created by the researchers through literature review and included 31 questions. The other 40 questions were Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM).
Results: 266 of the 387 residency students in the faculty participated in the survey (Response rate: 68.7%). 79% of residency students studying in medical sciences and 56% in surgical sciences participated in the research. 11.7% (n=23) of residents from medical sciences and 28.6% (n=20) of residents from surgical sciences stated that no seminar hours were held. Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure mean score of the residency students was found to be 83.6 ± 25.5. The mean score did not differ significantly between departments (p=0.578). Those who thought that there were enough residents and faculty members had higher educational environment measure scores (respectively p=0.010 and p


This paperpresent~ an alternative modeling and simulation method for CMOS bridging faults. The significance of the method is the introduction of a set of unique-bridge tables which characterize the bridged outputs for each bridge and a set of unique-cell tables which characterize how each cell interprets an analog input. These two sets of tables are derived dynamically for a specific design by using a SPICE circuit simulator first. Then they can later be used by any logic fault simulator to simulate bridging faults. In this way, the proposed method can perform very fast bridging fault simulation and yet with SPICE accuracy. The paper shows how these two sets of tables are derived and used in a parallel pattern fault simulator. Experimental results on ISCASR5 benchmarks are promising. keywords: defect, bridging fault, fault modeling, testing, fault simulation Addresss of the authors: Section of Design of Electronic Systems(ES) Faculty of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5000 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands Tels. +31-(0)40-473373, +31-(0)40-473710 Fax +31-(0)40-404527 Email email@example.com@es.ele.tue.nl


A model is estimated to explain Australia's demand for imports over the period from September 1974 to September 1989. Using cointegration techniques, it is found that growth in imports is well explained by movements in domestic activity, relative prices of imports and exports, and overtime. The models explain almost all of the rapid growth in imports over the period from September 1986 to September 1989. Over this period, the relative price of domestic goods to imports grew more strongly than domestic activity, and the contribution of relative prices to growth in imports is found to outweigh that of activity. Copyright 1992 by The Economic Society of Australia.


The aim of this paper is to condisere a Delay Differential Equations x′(t)=x(t)r(t)[1-bx~p(t-τ)-cx~q(t-τ)],where a0,b0,qp0,τ0,r(t)∈C[(0,∞),(0,∞)],and obtained Sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of all positive solutions of aclass of equations.


In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and titanium dioxide – activated carbon composite (TiO2–AC) were prepared by sol-gel method for photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. Characterization of the materials was performed by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results show that TiO2 was successfully loaded on activated carbon (AC), producing TiO2–AC with 2.61 eV of bandgap energy, lower than that of TiO2 (3.15 eV). Photoanodes based on TiO2 and TiO2–AC were fabricated and applied to PEC experiments for phenol degradation. In comparison with the TiO2 photoanode, the TiO2–AC one exhibited superior photocatalytic activity, which was indicated by a high current density and effective phenol removal. A mechanism of phenol PEC degradation on the TiO2–AC photoanode was proposed, which includes interaction between protonated phenol and active sites bearing oxygen on the photoanode surface. A kinetic model according to this mechanism was also established and fitted to experimental findings, resulting in rate constants of elementary reactions.


For a spatial linkage or a robot mechanism with helical pairs (H), its analysis or synthesis system of equations can not be transformed into a system of polynomial equations by triangle alternate, so the multiple solution problem of this mechanism can not be solved by the accurate homotopy method. In this paper, an approximate homotopy method (AHM) is suggested and configuration problem of the spatial 7H linkage is first solved by AHM. The method of this paper is suitable for solving the multiple solution problem of the spatial linkage or robot mechanism with Hpairs.


In The Moral Order, Raoul Naroll outlines five steps in the development of socionomics, a discipline for guiding human affairs. After establishing a set of core values, Naroll shows that Norway does better than other countries in achieving goals based on those values. He also details the theory and evidence for the importance of moralnets in preventing or ameliorating social problems. One inference untested by Naroll is that Norway, a model society with the highest score for social well-being, has strong moralnets (moral networks). This article argues that Norway's numerous voluntary organizations and clusters of ideologically homogeneous organizations are often linked in networks that have all of the characteristics that Naroll attributed to moralnets. Data from community case studies in Norway fit Naroll's moralnet theory better than they fit the competing theory of structural limitation of conflicts through crosscutting ties.


THE DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION OF A UNIVERSAL TARGETING MECHANISM IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS Priyanka Sivadas, B.Tech Marquette University, 2011 A wide range of eukaryotic organisms generate motile cilia and flagella. Thes e slender organelles beat rhythmically to move the surrounding fluid or to propel cel ls in aqueous environment. Organisms use these powerful yet nimble organelles to forage, evade, adapt and mate. The machinery that drives this tightly controlled moveme nt is th sophisticated microtubule-based axoneme. As it is critical for the survival of individual species, this machinery has largely been preserved to the molecular level th roughout evolution. Proteomic studies have shown that most proteins in this biological machine consist of molecular modules commonly used in the cell body. But the usage of these modules is clearly diverged in many cases. This defined machinery with dive rged applications provides an opportunity to understand the true capacity of the conserved modules. One example is the radial spoke (RS) that controls the oscillatory beati ng. This macromolecular complex contains complementary molecular modules that are responsible for localizing cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the cell body. However, the RS does not have the features that account for the effector mechanisms of PKA and thus the mechanism discovered for localizing PKA has a broader role that has previously not been recognized. The work described in this dissertation discovered tha t the core of the RS utilizes two similar sets of PKA anchoring modules for four di stinct effector mechanisms that underlie the assembly and function of this regulatory complex. These results elucidate the function of this complex and are applicable to more tha n 600 diverged proteins that also share the docking module of PKA. Some of them have been shown to play vital roles in myriads of cellular reactions ranging from fla gell r beating to trans-Golgi trafficking to chromosome modifications. Founded on this discovery, new reagents and assays were engineered. These tools could be used for the explora tion of proteins with similar docking and anchoring modules. Together, these findings will accelerate the advancements in the field of anchoring and docking of proteins in the ce ll.


Expansion of groundwater-based irrigation has resulted in the emergence of institutions like groundwater markets in some states of India. The size and growth of these markets depend upon the status of agricultural development, agro-climatic conditions and level of groundwater development. Unlike many states in India, Assam has abundant groundwater reserves but the emergence of informal groundwater markets is noticed in some parts of the state. These markets have ensured access to water to those farmers with limited capability to invest in technologies to extract groundwater. Since the market is residual in nature, sellers resort to selling of excess water only after meeting their own requirements, resulting in inadequate supply of water to buyers. Using field data from two districts of the state and with the help of logistic regression, the study examines factors influencing reliability of water markets from buyers' perspectives. The study finds that the quantity of groundwater purchased, education of buyers, tenancy and the types of fuel used to operate pumpsets are some significant determinants of reliability of groundwater markets.


The variation of the type of peripheral vasomotor reflex was observed by plethysmograph after deep breathing and exposure to the wind at Mt. Norikura. The plethysmograms obtained were divided into four types, and those were daily observed, taking up the variation by the combination of those types as a mark of stereotype. The values of variation were remarkably large in the early period of mountain residence, at the station of 2,720 meters above the sea level on Mt. Norikura. Blood pressure was higher on the mountain than on the level ground, and the difference between the maximum and the minimum blood pressure was considerably large in the early period of residence. When the variation of excreted volume of 17-Ketosteroid was large, that of stereotype was large, and when the former was small, the latter was small too. In other words, the large excreted volume of 17-Kethosteroid showed the large variation of stereotype. Blood pressure was more influenced by meteorological conditions on the mountain than on the level ground.


........................................................................................................................................ 47 Resilience .................................................................................................................................. 48 Academic resilience .................................................................................................................. 49 Protective factors ....................................................................................................................... 50 Risk factors ................................................................................................................................ 51 Aim for this study ...................................................................................................................... 52 Method .......................................................................................................................................... 52 Inclusion and exclusion criteria ................................................................................................. 53 Search strategies ........................................................................................................................ 53 Selection of studies .................................................................................................................... 54 Quality review and data extraction ............................................................................................ 54


In one embodiment of a method of manufacturing a nonvolatile memory device, a tunnel insulating layer and a charge trap layer are first formed over a semiconductor substrate that defines active regions and isolation regions. The tunnel insulating layer, the charge trap layer, and the semiconductor substrate formed in the isolation regions are etched to form trenches for isolation in the respective isolation regions. The trenches for isolation are filled with an insulating layer to form isolation layers in the respective trenches. A lower passivation layer is formed over an entire surface including top surfaces of the isolation layers. A first oxide layer is formed over an entire surface including the lower passivation layer. Meta-stable bond structures within the lower passivation layer are removed. A nitride layer, a second oxide layer, and an upper passivation layer are sequentially formed over an entire surface including the first oxide layer.


The invention discloses a construction method for preventing and treating cracks between a concrete structure and a filler wall. The construction method particularly comprises the following operation steps of step one, preparing construction; step two, treating a basic layer; step three, conducting paying off wire and setting up height pole; step four, conducting brick laying and putting down the bottom row of bricks; step five, masoning the filler wall; step six, constructing plain concrete constructional columns; step seven, filling the top of masonry. The construction method for preventing and treating the cracks between the concrete structure and the filler wall has the advantages of being wide in application range, and applicable to masonry construction of the filler wall with hollow bricks, autoclaved aerated concrete blocks and the like of the industrial and civil construction concrete structure; when the method compared with traditional processes, being capable of saving cost due to the fact that the main difference in procedure is that the plain concrete constructional columns, concrete reinforcing bands, wall crown filled with hard concrete and other portions replace the masonry; fundamentally solving the problem that cracks of a plaster layer and a coating layer caused by the cracks of the contact surface of the concrete structure and the filler wall, improving a project impression level and project quality, eradicating leakage risks of outer wall surfaces, reducing reworking cost and maintenance cost, saving materials, reducing production of construction waste, lowering a complaint rate of users, and being capable of setting up a corporate image in society and considerable in social benefit.


Lean mass is a strong determinant of bone mass, however, there is controversial surrounding the role of fat mass. The aim of this study was to examine the association between lean mass and fat mass with bone mass in middle-aged sedentary women, including relevant covariates. A cross-sectional study was performed on a total of 55 healthy and sedentary women. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density at the whole body, lumbar spine and hip. The relationships between lean and fat mass with bone outcomes were analysed using three regression models: model 0 using unadjusted data, model 1 was adjusted by age and stature and model 2 added lean mass or fat mass (depending on the predictor). Lean mass was positively associated with most bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density outcomes in models 0 and 1, and the majority of these associations remained significant in model 2 (after adjusted by fat mass). Fat mass was positively associated with some of the bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density outcomes in models 0 and 1, and interestingly all associations disappeared in model 2 (after adjusted by lean mass). The main finding of this study was that lean mass was positively related to bone outcomes, independent of age, stature and fat mass in middle-aged sedentary women. In addition, the association between fat mass and bone outcomes seems to be explained by lean mass.


Faults in software systems often occur due to interactions between parameters. Several studies show that faults are caused by 2-way through 6-way interactions of parameters. In the context of test suite prioritization, we have studied prioritization by 2-way interwindow interaction coverage and found that this criteria is effective at finding faults quickly in the test execution cycle. However, since faults may be caused by interactions between more than 2 parameters, in this paper, we provide a greedy algorithm for test suite prioritization by n-way combinatorial coverage of inter-window interactions. While greedy algorithms that generate Combinatorial Interaction Test suites enumerate and track the coverage of all possible t-tuples and constraints, we have noticed that our user-session-based test suites often do not contain every possible t-tuple and we can take advantage of this in our algorithm by only storing t-tuples that appear in the test suite. Our empirical study shows both time and memory usage associated with our algorithm for 3-way inter-window parameter-value interaction coverage. Further, we conduct an empirical study where we compare 2-way and 3-way combinatorial coverage of inter-window parameter interactions in terms of the rate of fault detection for a web application called Schoolmate and a user-sessionbased test suite. Our results show that the rate of fault detection


The advantages of reduced dialysis time need not be explained to the readers of this journal. There remain, however, certain questions as to possible detrimental effects of short dialysis. In particular, the rising mortality of dialysis patients in the United States since 1982 has coincided with a tendency toward reduced treatment times, raising the question of a cause and effect relationship. In addition, there are theoretical concerns regarding the risk of shorter treatment times. While urea clearance adjusted for body weight (Kt/V urea) appears to be a useful indicator of the adequacy of dialysis in the usual range of treatment times, it is unclear whether this index is valid when treatment times are sharply reduced. The removal of certain (unknown) toxic, intracellular solutes may be treatment time dependent due to their slow diffusion across cell membranes into the plasma space where they can be cleared by dialysis. Use of the most efficient, most permeable dialyzer simply cannot compensate for less treatment time if toxins with these characteristics are important causes of morbidity. Confusing our perceptions and our analysis of the increase in mortality over the past decade has been the fact that we are dialyzing sicker patients with many problems other than renal failure. Thus, proponents of short dialysis have had plenty of ammunition when it came time to defending themselves from criticism that reduced treatment time is responsible for the decline in long term survival. Largely lacking, however, has been evidence that short treatments can achieve results comparable to longer treatments. Collins and Kjellstrand have now performed a useful historical analysis which can provide additional comfort for those currently using short dialysis or planning to do so. The authors carefully examined the records of 656 dialysis patients without apparent illness (other than ESRD) who had been chronically dialyzed at Hennepin County Medical Center since 1966. They then divided the patients by age (less than 50, 5 1-75, and greater than 75 years old) and by the period in which they started treatment (1966-75, 1976-82, 1983-85, 1986-88). Over these two decades average thrice weekly treatment times fell from 8 or more hours to 6 hours, 4.25 hours, and most recently, 2.8 hours. Despite the reduction in treatment time, a Kt/V urea of 1.3 was maintained over the years. It was found that mortality rates declined across the age groups as treatment time fell and the time of initiation of dialysis became more recent. The number of deaths per thousand months of treatment in the 50-75 year old age group fell from 16 (1966-75)


According to the requirements of nuclear safety regulations, nuclear power plants must be equipped with seismic instrumentation systems, which are mainly used for monitoring alarm and automatic shutdown alarm during an earthquake. Both the second and third generation NPPs adopt Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). However, among the seismic acceleration characteristics, isolated and prominent single high frequency acceleration peaks have no decisive influence on the seismic response. Especially when the earthquake monitoring alarm is at 1 out of 7, it is likely to cause a false alarm or false shutdown. In addition, it usually takes one month or more for the NPPs to restart after the shutdown. In this paper, an improved seismic instrumentation system based on the existing system is proposed. For high intensity areas, three components resultant acceleration is used to judge the 2 out of 4 logic of the automatic seismic trip system(ASTS). For low intensity areas, the seismic failure level is evaluated quickly by using three components resultant acceleration, seismic instrument intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, floor response spectrum and other multi-parameters, avoiding unnecessary and long-term shutdown inspection.


This paper presents a new approach to the self-reconfiguration and optimisation of knowledge meshes (KMs), based on the user's function requirements and similarity measure. A new similarity measure combined of the function similarity and layer similarity between similar knowledge points is defined, and the properties proved. A simple similarity algorithm for KMs is proposed. Aiming at user's maximum function–satisfaction, the method to the self-reconfiguration of KMs is presented. First, several appropriate KMs according to the enterprise requirements are selected and preprocessed by similarity measure. Second, a similarity threshold is given and the similarity is calculated for every pair of knowledge points in the selected KMs. The two knowledge points can be recognised as the same when the similarity between them exceeds the given threshold, and then the knowledge point with the lower function–satisfaction degree is replaced by the one with the higher function–satisfaction degree. Third, the KM multiple set operation expression is optimised by the hybrid genetic-tabu algorithm. Finally, a new KM obtained by operations on KM multiple sets can be mapped into an agent mesh (AM) for automatic reconfiguration of complex software systems. Based upon the above, the KM's optimisation are illustrated by an actual KM example which corresponds to the management information system (MIS) software used in a vehicle body plant at Nanjng in China, which shows the method to be very effective.


It is very important to establish a traceability system for meat quality management and safety control.The traditional marker methods have limitations in application of meat traceability,and the new DNA genetic marker method based on characteristics of genomic DNA itself could overcome this limitation.This is the first study investigating the DNA traceability for pork based on SNPs markers in China.We have tested 12 candidate SNP loci by RFLP-PCR to look after the SNP with abundant polymorphic information for the DNA traceability.The results showed that 6 SNP loci meet the expected standard,namely SNP1,SNP2,SNP3,SNP4,SNP5 and SNP12,which provided a basis for the establishment of traceability marker system in Shanghai.


The multi-alkali photocathode is manufactured on glass surface. The cleanliness of glass surface affects greatly the sensitivity of photocathode. The experience proved that the glow discharge process of glass surface could improve the photocathode sensitivity, but superfluous glow discharge process could also increase the carbon-content of the surface, so that bring on the decay of photocathode sensitivity. This article introduces the effect of glow discharge on photocathode sensitivity and its stability.


Increasing demands for quality of service and cost-effectiveness require permanent improvement of the maintenance science and engineering methods for maintenance of complex engineering systems. Most significant are risk-based maintenance methods being developed over the last few years in particular for complex high risk systems. New European standards on risk-based maintenance will be soon available, providing a higher readiness, lower expenses and lower risks regarding economy, ecology and other influences.


The species composition and general ecology of intertidal organisms present at Heron Island, a coral cay in the Capricorn Group, are recorded in this paper. It was found that the general zonation picture on this Great Barrier Reef island differed markedly from that found previously at localities on the Queensland mainland (Endean, Kenny, and Stephenson 1956). In particular the mainland upper barnacle (Chthamalus) zone was not represented at Heron I., and the species forming the mainland lower barnacle zone (Tetraclita squamosa (Bruguiere) ) was replaced by a different species (Tetraclita vitiata Darwin). Also the characteristic algal zone of mainland localities was replaced by a lithothamnion-zoanthid-coral zone. In order to investigate the possibility of a gradual transition from the mainland type zonation to that found on the Great Barrier Reef, as exemplified by Heron I. zonation, the species composition and general ecology of intertidal organisms inhabiting a series of continental islands lying off the Queensland coast between lat. 16o and 22o S. were investigated. The fauna of these islands was found to be closely allied to that of the mainland. There was, however, an intrusion of corals and zoanthids on the more exposed of the islands visited which lie between lat. 20o and 22oS., and also on the more northerly of the islands visited. The biogeographical implications of these findings are discussed, and it is noted that the results of the present investigation support the contention of Whitley (1932) that a longitudinal division of the Queensland marine fauna into "Solanderian" and "Banksian" elements is warranted. Accounts are also given of the major environmental factors that might affect specific composition and zonation patterns at the localities investigated. Analyses of these have given much information on the general ecology and distribution of many Queensland intertidal species. Thls information is discussed. Of particular interest was the finding that the Peronian barnacle Tetraclita rosea (Krauss) has extended its range,to the north of the biogeographical boundary situated near lat. 25o S. by colonizing the more exposed of the continental islands.


In this paper, we report the experimental observation of diffraction patterns in a ferrofluid comprising of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in hexane by a 10 mW He-Ne laser beam. An external dc magnetic field (0-2 kG) was applied perpendicular to the beam. The diffraction pattern showed variation at different depths of the sample in both zero and applied magnetic field. The patterns also exhibit a change in shape and size as the external field is varied. This effect is presumably arising due to thermally induced self-diffraction under the influence of gravity and external magnetic field.


Abstract The paper is motivated by critical demand for experts and scientists working in areas of mathematical modeling, simulations, big data techniques and who are familiar with management of HPC systems from user and administrator point of view. We created a new course entitled "HPC system management". Our goal is focused on students to provide them with knowledge and understanding of complex problem of the HPC system management concerning job scheduling. Important fact is that the job scheduling problem is an NP-complete problem. Next objective of our course is to educate skilled experts, who are able to design and implement programs, scripts and models doing job management to solve specific parts of this complex problem. The course is innovative from several points of view. Our new approach lies in specific content, which is oriented to the HPC system management in contrast to existing courses, which are usually focused on development of HPC applications. Also we developed and provide new education methodology in a form of scientific project, which decomposes the complex problem into subproblems and subsequently brings together solutions to the subproblems to form united model. New education methodology is focused on generation of (pseudo-) optimal jobs schedule using data from real systems. The huge volume of used data leads to ideas and methodologies of problem solving, which are suitable for problems not solvable in polynomial time. Educational methodology also contains implementation of a job scheduling simulator. The paper presents a pilot course, in which students explore various scheduling algorithms and research their properties with the use of data gained from NorduGrid


AbstractIn the paper, possible pricing structures of flexible transport systems have been investigated. After a brief introduction into demand responsive systems, the currently used pricing systems have been analysed. Having reviewed the conventional pricing methodologies – in line with the average cost and marginal cost based methods – the advantages and the disadvantages of particular systems are presented. What is more, that traditional pricing theory enabled to order costs of flexible transportation systems only approximately to passengers in proportion to their demanded transportation performance, thus traditional pricing framework is not able to fully meet the principle of fairness. For reaching the highest level of fairness loops a fictive unit of individual trips is introduced as the base of pricing. When applying individual loops is gives a unique approach to describe unit cost of the operators especially considering that empty runs are taken into account in a fair way. Beside fairness, it is als...


This paper discusses a canonical form of a state deadbeat controller for a discrete-time, linear, time-invariant system. A general form of the state deadbeat controller which shows the freedom of design has been obtained ; however, the design parameters have redundancy. To avoid the redundancy, a canonical form which is expressed by the linear combination of independent design parameters is derived for some subsets of the general form. Finally, illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.


Scrupulous care for the welfare of his patient is the greatest concern of the conscientious clinician. There are times, however, when what is called the highest ethical approach can have devastating results. It may be useful to inspect such a situation. In recent years increasing awareness of the power of suggestion, the power of placebos, the importance of nonspecific forces surrounding disease and the treatment of disease, evidence that extreme anxiety can kill—all of these things have led to the conviction that certain supposed results of specific therapy may in truth be consequences of suggestion. There was, for example, in one carefully controlled study, the case of a man with angina pectoris who after 4 min of standardized exercise had intolerable pain with inversion of his T-waves. After operation he was able to exercise 10 min with no pain and no inversion of his T-waves. But in this case the


2014 The polarization of neutrons emitted from the stripping reaction 12C(d, n) 13CN has been investigated at the reaction angle 03B8lab = 15° and deuteron energy Ed = 12.9 MeV. The polarization of neutrons connected with the 3.56 MeV energy level in 13N nucleus was found to be 2014 (0.39 ± 0.11). Also some general remarks concerning the preliminary results of the polarization of neutrons at the reaction angles 30°, 45° and 60° are given. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE ET LE RADIUM TOME 21, MAI 1960, PAGE 366.


Land redistribution, a real‐world optimization problem, involves the distribution of land parcels in predetermined blocks based on the landowners' preferences. This process, measured in weeks or months, is usually performed manually by a technician with the support of computer software. Although various techniques have been developed in recent years to solve this complex problem, they all require improvement. This study aimed to develop a new technique and produce applicable redistribution plans using a genetic algorithm (GA) in combination with an expert system. Blocks of cadastral parcels were determined by a GA using a new objective function to consider the overflow and residual areas as well as the landowners' preferences. The expert system was employed to close (reduce to zero) the overflow or residual areas occurring after the GA distribution. To investigate the performance of the proposed method, the system was used on a real study area and the results were compared against those obtained for the same cadastral situation undertaken by a technician using a similar method from published literature. The experimental results showed that the method proposed in this study performed better than the other methods because it provided a successful and applicable redistribution plan for the study area in a much shorter time.


The subject matter of this article relates to the complex description of adjectives-composites of the Russian language within the onomasiological class "person's social feature". There have been analysed organization features of composites formation and ways of onomasiological structure definition as to composite adjectives within the onomasiological class. All adjective-composites of modern Russian are considered as univerbalisation composites, derivation composites and units of quasi-composition. Univerbalisation composites demonstrate a complete semantic identity with a producing word-combination. Derivation composites have shown the relations of external motivation between a basic word-combination and a new composite. Units of quasi-composition are formed on the basis of structural models of univerbalisation and derivation. The analysis of these linguistic units is carried out according to their belonging to a certain onomasiological model consisting of an onomasiological basis and an onomasiological feature that allows to distinguish 17 models of adjective composites. The author comes to the conclusion that the onomasiological class should be understood as a set of nominathems, in which the feature description is realized in one corresponding grammatical class of units (adjectives) with the help of the same structural method, mostly with the help of all kinds of composites. This research has developed the modern nomination theory and provides a basis for complex description of language units.


The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research is developing predictive methodologies to assist in evaluating the Department of Energy's application for construction and operation of deep-mined geologic repositories for high-level radioactive waste disposal. As part of the NRC's effort, Battelle's Columbus Laboratories is investigating the long-term performance of materials used for high-level waste packages. This report documents the results of our first year's investigations. The topics addressed are internal and external corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement of the waste container, waste form degradation, accelerated testing and statistics, and model development both for separate effects and for multiple effects on the integrity of the waste package. Experimental work has been initiated to address modeling needs, either to fill in missing data, to confirm existing data at protoypic conditions, or to evaluate mechanisms at accelerated test conditions. A first-generation system code using simple separate-effects correlations is described. 149 references.


Abstract ―This study was the effect of inserting CO tube on NO x and CO emission characteristics in a compact combustion chamber. In detail, NO x and CO emission characteristics with changing of distance due to inserting CO tube between a burner and a main heat exchanger were investigated. For this study, the commercial program, FLUENT with GRI 2.11 detail reaction mechanism, was used for the numerical study and a commercial heat exchanger was tested for the experimental study. As results, when the CO tube was inserted between a burner and a main heat exchanger, it was verified that NO x and CO emissions was decreased simultaneously as CO tube was closed to a burner and the distance between CO tube and a main heat exchanger was increased. Key words : heat exchanger, CO, NO x , CO tube 1. 서 론 최근의 NO x 및 CO등을 포함한 강화된 환경규제와 더불어 높은 화염안정 메커니즘을 갖는 버너의 개발과 연료/공기의 혼합제어기술의 발전으로 이전에는 산업용 연소기기에 많이 적용되었던 예혼합 연소기가 현재는 소형 및 가정용 연소기를 포함한 많은 연소시스템에 크게 확대 적용되고 있다 [1,2]. 예혼합화염에서는 당량비가 희박할수록 배기량이 많아지며 시스템의 열효율은 낮아지게 되는데, 에너지 절약적인 관점에서 시스템의 열효율을 높이기 위해 당량비 1부근까지 높이는 추세이지만 CO 및 NO


The highly competitive nature of the automotive industry drives demand for improvements and increased precision engineering in resistance spot welding. Currently there are about 4300 weld points on the average steel vehicle. Errors and problems due to tip damage and wear can cause great losses due to production line downtime. Current industrial monitoring systems check the quality of the nugget after processing 15 cars, once every two weeks. The nuggets are examined off line using a destructive process, which takes approximately 10 days to complete causing a long delay in the production process. In addition to this, the force exerted by the tips on the metal is measured by various simulations using SORPAS software, (Simulation and Optimization of Resistance Projection and Spot welding processes). Various data capture devices feed into LabVIEW and SORPAS software to calculate the relevant forces, current, voltage and dynamic resistivity of the materials involved. This paper presents a simulation of the spot welding growth curves, along with a comparison to growth curves performed on an industrial spot welding machine. The correlation of experimental results shows that SORPAS simulations can be used as an off line measurement to reduce factory energy usage. This paper also provides an overview of electrode current selection and its variance over the lifetime of the electrode tip, and describes the proposed analysis system for the selection of welding parameters for the spot welding process, as the electrode tip wears.


Objective To establish a method to isolate,culture and identify the neural stem cells from postnatal rat hippocampus.Methods The neural stem cells were isolated from postnatal rat hippocampus,cultured in vitro,and passaged successively.Either the proliferation of neural stem cells or differentiation into new neural and glial cell types could be identified using the immunofluorescence.Results The neural stem cells isolated from postnatal rat hippocampus possess the proliferation capacity and can be passaged successively.The cloned cells were nestin-positive and differentiated cells express characteristic antigen of neurons,astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.Conclusion The cells isolated and cultured from postnatal rat hippocampus have shown a strong ability of self-renewal,proliferation and multipotency of differentiation,which are evidently identified as the neural stem cells.


Objective:To investigate the relationship between strychnine-sensitive glycin receptor and the hypnotic effect of propofol.Methods:The mice model of hypnosis was established by intraperitoneally injecting(ip) appropriate dose of propofol,and the effect of strychnine with different dose on the sleeping time(ST) was observed in awaken test,which was intracerebroventricularly(icv) injected.Results:Strychnine(icv) intracerebroventricularly(icv) injected could decrease the sleeping time of the mice treated with propofol(P0.05).Conclusion:Strychnine-sensitive glycin receptor may be one of the important targets for the hypnotic effect of propofol.


ITIC is the milestone of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors used in organic solar cells. We study the electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film using photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The negative integer charge transfer energy level is determined to be 4.00 ± 0.05 eV below the vacuum level, and the ionization potential is 5.75 ± 0.10 eV. The molecules predominantly have the face-on orientation on inert substrates as long as the surfaces of the substrates are not too rough. These results provide the physical understanding of the high performance of ITIC-based solar cells, which also afford implications to design more advanced photovoltaic small molecules.


A new species of Cyne (Loranthaceae) from Bucas Grande and Dinagat Islands, Philippines is described and named C. barcelonae in honor of the Filipina botanist Julie F. Barcelona. Phylogenetic analysis using the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA cistron confirms it is sister to C. banahaensis, the only species among the six in the genus with complete descriptions of floral morphology. The species is similar to the rare C. perfoliata of Papua New Guinea by having connate-perfoliate upper leaves but differs from others in the genus by possessing palmate leaf venation, inflorescences lacking an operculum, light green corollas, and stamens with filaments. No type material for Cyne quadriangula exists, thus this taxon is only known from the original protologue. It was rediscovered on Bucas Grande Island and that collection was described and used as the neotype for the species. A revised description of the genus and key to the seven species is provided.


In order to facilitate the interpretation of observations of protostellar sources, we develop an analytic theory of protostellar emission. We focus our discussion on submillimeter wavelengths where protostellar sources can be spatially resolved. For a given protostellar envelope (i.e., given density and temperature distributions), we determine an asymptotic expansion for the specific intensity. We then calculate the convolution of specific intensity profiles with the Gaussian response function of a telescope


In the technology of object-oriented software classes testing based-on statement, there are some questions such as uncertain, unreachable statement, combinatorial state explosion and test cases explosion. Aimming at the questions, a classes testing framework is proposed based-on EDPN, and the framework includes classes test, classes interaction test and classes hiberarchy test. It proposed a classes testing cases generation method of UIO based-on EDPN for generating statement transfer sequence, and a classes interaction testing cases generation method named Marked Associate Recursive of extended EDPN for generating Extended Orthogonal Array Matrix, and a classes hib- erarchy testing cases generation method with cooperated paths (copaths) based-on extended EMDPN for generating copaths sequence.


The existing problems of determination method of water content in wet chlorine gas were analysed. After the innovation of analysis method and sampling method, the quick, direct and accurate determination method were put forward.


In this work, we accurately characterize frequency dependent complex permittivity of biological tissues in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 10 GHz. Toward this purpose, a fourth-order complex rational function (CRF) is employed for dispersive modeling of the relative permittivity of biological tissues. We also discuss how to improve the accuracy of their dispersion characteristics.


With the advent of commercially available general purpose multiprocessing systems, the need for developing appropriate information processing systems are increasingly recognized. Since many database applications require a large number of data accesses with relatively less computation, exploiting parallel data accesses is important to improve performance in parallel processing database systems. In this thesis we investigate data distribution strategies for parallel processing of database systems. The primary objective is to maximize throughput and minimize response time through concurrent data accesses. We propose database processing models as a general framework, and then present data distribution strategies for three common types of database applications. Two of these applications are on multikey hash files and the third application is on B-tree accesses. First, we present data distribution strategies for partial match queries. The main contribution here is the development of new data distribution methods called Fieldwise eXclusive-or (FX) distribution methods to achieve optimal file distribution. An algebraic property of exclusive-or operation along with field transformation techniques are fundamental to these data distribution methods. We show that the proposed data distribution methods perform better than the others proposed in the past. We also present efficient data construction methods based on the usage of multikey hash directory. Second, optimal distribution for parallel processing of multiattribute range queries is investigated. Here, we show that for various types of multiattribute range queries there are inherent limitations in achieving optimal distribution. We extend FX distribution methods to achieve optimal distribution for many useful multiattribute range queries. For both partial match queries and multiattribute range queries, sufficient conditions for optimal distribution by the proposed distribution methods are given. Finally, we present node partitioning schemes for B-tree type indexes. The objective here is to develop a new parallel processing scheme for B-tree type indexes stored in parallel disks. We show that parallel processing of the proposed partitioned node B-trees performs better than parallel processing of conventional B-trees. This work presents a new basis on which parallel processing systems for other database applications can be designed.


A survey of several economic journals reveals that very often the Durbin-Watson and the portmanteau (Box-Pierce or Ljung-Box) tests are inappropriately applied to linear models with lagged dependent variables and exogenous regressors. Sampling experiments indicate that the Durbin-Watson performs poorly in models with more than one lag of the dependent variable, a situation commonly considered in the literature. The experiments also indicate that the portmanteau test is inadequate when applied to dynamic linear models with exogenous regressors. In addition, the performance of Durbin's h and m tests in models commonly used in the literature but not considered by previous studies is evaluated. The results reveal that among the four tests examined, the one which is the least frequently used in practice (the m test) has the best performance. Copyright 1990 by MIT Press.


In this paper, we focus on numerical simulations of the wandering phenomenon in
bubble plumes, obtained with a new comprehensive model. The theoretical model has been
developed from the theory of multi-component fluids. We have implemented that model in a
finite-element, parallel platform.
After a brief discussion about the theoretical/numerical model, we describe and analyze the
simulations of the wandering motion using the k-_ model. We show that this solution replicates
wandering only for a relatively short period of time. The reasons for this fact are analyzed.
Then, we present results obtained with the use of a Large-Eddy-Simulation (LES) approach.
These results notably mimic observations of bubble plume wandering without any restriction.
Finally, we employ the unsteady results of the LES approach to perform a detailed analysis
of turbulence in bubble plumes.


College students use information and communication technologies at much higher levels and in different ways than prior generations. They are also more likely to multitask while using information and communication technologies. However, few studies have examined the impacts of multitasking on educational outcomes among students. This study fills a gap in this area by utilizing a large-sample webbased survey of college student technology usage to examine how instant messaging and multitasking affect perceived educational outcomes. Since multitasking can impede the learning process through a form of information overload, we explore possible predictors of academic impairment due to multitasking. Results of this study suggest that college students use instant messaging at high levels, they multitask while using instant messaging, and over half report that instant messaging has had a detrimental effect on their schoolwork. Higher levels of instant messaging and specific types of multitasking activities are associated with students reporting not getting schoolwork done due to instant messaging. We discuss implications of these findings for researchers studying the social impacts of technology and those in higher education administration. ! 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Protein solubility in the rumen is of considerable nutritional significance. Performance of ruminants has been improved by feeding diets containing protein which is poorly soluble in buffers or by including protein sources which are slowly degraded in the rumen (Amos 1986). However, there are conflicting reports with regard to the accuracy of the relationship between protein degradation in the rumen and protein solubility measured in solvents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between solubility in 3 solvents and degradability of some typical feedstuffs available in Greece using a variety of ruminant feeds. Each feed was categorized into 1 of 3 feed types: (1) energy feeds (wheat, corn, barley, rye, oats), (2) plant protein sources (pea, horse bean, vetch, lupin, rapeseed, linseed, whole cottonseed, extracted cottonseed meal, distillers dried grain with solubles, alfalfa meal), and (3) animal and fish by-products (meat and bone meal, fish meal, herring meal, meat meal, blood meal). Soluble nitrogen was measured by techniques of Crooker et al. (1978) with McDougall's buffer, 0.02 N NaOH and 0.15 N NaCl as solvents, while degradability of protein and dry matter (DM) in feeds was estimated by the dacron bag technique (Orskov and McDonald 1979) in 3 ruminally cannulated sheep. The amount of nitrogen extracted by the 3 solvents for all diets was highly correlated between the solvents (McDougall's buffer vs 0.02 N NaOH, R = 0.91; 0.02 N NaOH vs 0.15 N NaCl, R = 0.79; and McDougall's buffer vs 0.15 N NaCl, R = 0.85). Among all types of feedstuffs a fairly high correlation was found between DM degradation in sacco and protein solubility in the 3 solvents, but there was no correlation between protein degradation in sacco and protein solubility in any of the 3 solvents used. However, the above correlation was improved when the feedstuffs were categorized into groups of the same type. From our results it can be concluded that protein solubility only roughly estimates ruminal protein degradability, when considering a variety of different type of feedstuffs.


Purpose Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been regarded as an emerging biomarker of the general population and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between RDW and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods This case-control study included 167 patients with DR, 131 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and 170 age- and sex-matched healthy controls from April 2014 to May 2019. Demographic data, laboratory parameters, and ocular examinations were collected. Results RDW values of the DR group were significantly higher than those of the healthy control (p < 0.001) and DM group (p=0.002). A similar trend was observed when RDW was compared among the 3 groups with respect to age and gender. Logistic regression analysis has shown the OR of RDW was 3.791 (2.33–6.168; p < 0.001) against the control group and was 1.348 (0.997–1.823; p=0.047) against the DM group. Conclusion RDW values were significantly elevated in DR patients, and an elevated RDW was associated with an increased incidence of DR in patients with DM.


The paper comes up with goal-driven Web service automatic composition protocol stack to achieve automatic process modeling.Based on ontology description language OWL,it proposes a goal description language,which lies on the top of stack.The language can describe the goals needed to be achieved,relationships between goals and constrains when achieving the goals.At last,it provides a way to detect the inconsistency in goal description.This is the first step towards Web service automatic composition.


Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is the process of facilitating the knowledge, skill, and ability necessary for diabetes self-management. It takes into account the needs, goals, and history of the person living with diabetes and is guided by evidence-based standards and an established curriculum. This paper presents the patients perceptions on a new mobile initiative intended to promote better self-care practices using self-regulated learning. Results of a focus group show there is a need for this type of learning environment in the target community and the majority of patients surveyed are willing to use the mobile phone as a delivery platform.


The discipline of symbolic computation contributes to mathematical model synthesis in several ways. One is the pioneering creation of interpolation algorithms that can account for sparsity in the resulting multi-dimensional models, for example, by Zippel [12], Ben-Or and Tiwari [1], and in their recent numerical counterparts by Giesbrecht-Labahn-Lee [5] and Kaltofen-Yang-Zhi [9].


The use of gold nanoparticle as an anti-infective agent has been proposed for years[1]. However, many reports mention for its ability counteracting bacteria. Its property against virus has never been systematically evaluated. Here, the authors performed a preliminary in vitro study to assess the effect of gold nanoparticle on viral load of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The standard gold nanoparticle is prepared according to the described method in our previous reports[2,3]. Thirty known blood samples with HCV and known for HCV viral load were used. Each sample was divided into two parts for further experimental treatment. The first part was naively managed without adding anything. The second part was added by gold nanoparticle solution (mixture as 1:1 according to protocol described in the previous report [2,3]). The HCV viral load of each part was determined. The difference between preand post-experimental treatment HCV viral load for each separated part in each sample was calculated. The difference between average difference of preand post-HCV viral load for the first (naïve) and second (gold nanoparticle treated) groups of overall 30 studied samples was statistically analyzed by Students t-test (P<0.05 is considered as statistical significant level). According to the present study, no significant difference between naïve and gold nanoparticle treated groups can be seen. This can be the clue that gold nanoparticle has null effect on HCV virus and should not be used as an anti-infective agent for HCV.


The military and preventive function of the wall in Xiangxi Miao border region was gradually invalid,but the rejuvenation of White Emperor Heavenly King worship brought about from the Wall became a tool to alleviate the tension,to reconcile the conflict and to maintain the relation between the Miao,the Han and the Tujia groups in the project period.At present without any military conflict,it is still an access for the local ethnic groups to modify internal conflict,keep group ties,release grief and anxiety and express their expectance.Through the worship of White Emperor Heavenly King,the local people can appease the internal divergence,and integrate the social force to reach,step by step,the goal of equal dialogue and harmonious development.


Wait to Visit and Record Bright and Safely, written by Huang Zong-xi,enjoys the fame of declaration of human rights in the late Ming and early Qin dynasties, is about 100 years earlier than On Social Contract written by Rousseau.This book presents some thinking modes of early democratic enlightenment in China, fiercely attacks the malpractices in the feudal autocratic monarchy, and boldly puts forward various reforms, like a gentle wind at that confused time. Thisbook exerts a greater influence on the future generations. Even today when themarket economy is highly developed, it is still of realistic enlightenment.


In this paper we introduce and study a new class of generalised closed sets called δ(δg)*-closed sets in topological spaces using δg-closed sets. Moreover we analyse the relations between δ(δg)*-closed sets and already existing various closed sets. It is independent of δg-closed sets and weaker than δg*-closed sets. The class of δ(δg)*- closed sets is properly placed between the classes of δg*-closed sets and δg# -closed sets and a chain of relations is proved as follows. r-closed i'® π-closed i'® δ-closed i'® δg*-closed i'® δ(δg)*-closed i'® δg#-closed i'® gδ-closed


In order to regulate the water hardness of coal slime water to the benefit of both settling and flotation,realization of water hardness online monitoring is a basic guarantee.Since the technique of water hardness monitoring has not been industrialized,a soft-sensing technique which uses electrical conductivity as the auxiliary variable was proposed.Laboratory simulation and industrial scene monitoring tests were performed,and the results show that there exists linear correlation between the electrical conductivity and the water hardness,and the squares of linear correlation coefficient are 0.979 6 and 0.953 7,respectively.A soft-sensing model between the water hardness and the electrical conductivity were developed,through which the data of electrical conductivity can be processed and converted so as to realize online monitoring of the hardness of coal slime water.


The present invention relates to methods for operating a mobile terminal for use in a mobile radio network, wherein the mobile terminal comprises storage means in which an application program for execution by the mobile terminal are at least loadable. In order to realize an improved and functional extensive use of application programs, in particular regarding graphic and / or acoustic possibilities of use, which is loaded into the memory means of the mobile terminal at least a user-individually selected application program.


The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of sport consumers' mobile ticketing adoption by the technology readiness constructs and quality–satisfaction–behavioral intentions framework. A total of 295 participants were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and PROCESS macro. A content analysis was conducted to provide further insight into the proposed model using open-ended responses. The findings indicate that consumers' technology readiness alone was not a positive driver of mobile ticketing but suggest a role for technology readiness in promoting mobile ticketing, combined with service quality, satisfaction, and online ticket purchasing. The importance and originality of this study are that it confirms the sport context as a unique and effective vehicle in advancing existing knowledge of consumers' ticket consumption behavior via self-service technology across various disciplines. Also, the findings can be used to set out recommendations for policy or practice aimed at facilitating and sustaining mobile ticketing consumption.


CaSb2O5(OH)2 nanocrystals were synthesized via a facile microwave-hydrothermal method. The physicochemical properties of the as-synthesized CaSb2O5(OH)2 photocatalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron spin resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the decomposition of rhodamine B, methyl orange, and methylene blue in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. For comparison purposes, we have also investigated the activity of TiO2 (P25, Degussa Co.) under the same condition. The results revealed that the sample had a much higher photocatalytic activity than that of P25. The high activity and long-term stability of CaSb2O5(OH)2 were mainly attributed to its stronger oxidative capability and larger specific surface area in comparison with P25. This article presents a detailed analysis of the intermediates produced in the photocatalytic reactions using the liquid chromatog...


Data-flow models are well-known as representations for achieving asynchronous and concurrent execution of applicative programs. Heretofore, the main focus of interest in data-flow models has been on determinate and value-oriented computations; efforts at handling indeterminate computations, especially the problems of resource control, have been few. This dissertation examines some practical and theoretical aspects of resource control in one particular class of data-flow models. The execution model here is based on a demand-driven principle, and the high-level programming language is based on the concept of 'function graphs', and is thus called Function Graph Language (FGL).
The main emphasis of this work is on a reliable, efficient, and flexible approach to defining shared data objects and synchronization of the processes that use them. It is shown that a demand-driven model of execution provides many computational advantages for designing primatives for synchronization. In keeping with the applicative style, an expression-based language, called Resource Expressions, is introduced, so that properties of synchronization, such as mutual exclusion, priority, etc., may be specified in a high-level form. The formal semantics of this language are based on the concept of 'execution graphs'.
The translation of Resource Expressions into the primitives for implementation and its correctness proof are presented. Using the specifications in this abstract implementation, an actual implementation in terms of the primitive operators is subsequently derived. This implementation takes advantage of the demand-driven model is representing potentially-infinite execution graphs, and also exploits concurrency in the arbitration and execution of operations.


In this paper, we investigate the structure of the core of a sparse random graph above the critical point. We determine the asymptotic distributions of the total number of isolated cycles there as well as the joint distributions of the isolated cycles of fixed lengths. Furthermore, focusing on its giant component, we determine the asymptotic joint distributions of the cycles of fixed lengths that are contained in it and the distributions of its cyclic 2-edge-connected and 2-vertex-connected components.


A simple low-area and low-power clock frequency multiplier is proposed for Delay Locked Loop (DLL) based clock synthesizers. In this circuit, 2n voltage controlled delay lines (VCDL) are used to multiply the input frequency of a clock signal by n. This frequency multiplier is less susceptible to jitter- accumulation as it is a DLL-based design. The proposed circuit can operate at a substantially low supply voltage. Simulation results show that the proposed frequency multiplier dissipates about 10% to 50% less power than similar clock multiplier circuits. In addition, an architecture for programmable frequency multiplication has been proposed in this paper.


As a researcher of sustainable development, I first met the foundation ph15 at the international environmental event Earth Day in Buenos Aires in 2008. They had a stand and presented their work, wh ...


The raw data rate of a Synthetic Aperture Radar is in the order of hundreds Mbit/s. To reduce this data rate coding is applied usually directly to t he I andQ components of the raw data. In a recently presented method the coding is app lied to preprocessed raw data. The preprocessing consists of a reversible transform of the raw data. The coding techniques under consideration here, are the DCT with subse q ent Huffman coding, and the LBG vector quantisation. Since these coding techniques perform lossy, objective cri t ria have to be developed for comparisons. Most of these criteria have to be derived from t he SAR image, which has been processed from original raw data. After coding and decoding at different rates by the above men tioned techniques, SAR images are generated. The assessment criteria are then appl ied to the images. Additionally, as a subjective comparison, the influence of c oding on the processed image and on an image segmentation algorithm will be discussed . The segmentation result of the original SAR image is compared to the results ac hieved on images with coded/decoded raw data. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Due to the very poor correlation and high entropy of SAR raw da ta it is not useful to apply redundancy reduction techniques directly. With lossless coding compr ession ratios only in the order of 1.15-1.2 are possible. Higher compression can be provided with lossy cod ing. Compression ratios in the order of 4 have been achieved (Cöster, 1997). This corresponds to a da ta rate of 2 bit/sample relative to a quantisation with 8 bit/sample for the original raw data. In a recently published conference paper a new coding techni que has been presented which is based upon a reversible transform of the raw data (Bolle, 1997). Th is technique allows the application of redundancy reduction techniques, also. Data rates in the order of 2 bit/sample have been achieved by means of a Discrete Cosine Transform with subsequent Huffman Codi ng of the DCT coefficients (T-DCT). In addition, the lossy coding techniques can be applied in a mor e efficient way. By means of the Linde-BuzoGray vector quantisation applied to transformed raw data (T -LBG-VQ) data rates up to 0.5 bit/sample have been reported in (Bolle, 1998). To evaluate the develop ed coding techniques on the one hand the SNR(RawData) of the decoded raw data and on the other hand the SNR(ImageData) of the processed images have been calulated. Then, the corresponding SNR values have been plotted versus the Presented at the Fourth International Airborne Remote Sens ing Conference and Exibition/21st Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 21-24 June 1999. achieved coded data rate. The SNR was the only criterion to assess the quality of the reconstru cted raw data and of the processsed images, respectively. But, only b y means of theSNR a true evaluation can't be done. For a more precise assessment the need of more objectiv e quality metrics is obvious. After a short description of the statistical properties of t he investigated raw data and of the transformed raw data, respectively, the developed encoder will be expla ined. The encoding is performed at different data rates. In the next section the applied quality assessme nt criteria will be defined. The assessment is performed in the raw data domain as well as in the image data omain. The evaluation results are presentend in a separate section. The paper will finish with s ome conclusions. 2.0 STATISTICS OF SAR RAW DATA The correlation of SAR raw data is very poor. Due to the contai ned so-calledspeckle noise, which is a typical phenomenon in systems working at very high frequenc ies, the phase of the demodulated signal is uniformly and the signal magnitude is Rayleigh distributed . As a consequence the I andQ components can be assumed to be Gaussian, (Papoulis, 1991). The quantisati on of the investigated raw data is 8 bit/sample for theI andQ component, respectively. The raw data were acquired by the G erman airborne SAR sensor DOSAR. The entropy of the raw data ranges between 6 and 7 bit/s ample for theI andQ component, respectively. 3.0 STATISTICS OF TRANSFORMED SAR RAW DATA A detailed description of the reversible transform T is given in (Bolle, 1997).T works like a conventional SAR processor, but all steps of T can be lossless reversed. After performing T we get complex transformed data which have some properties of the processe d complex image data. In particular, the redundancy and correlation of the transformed data are incr ased. Contrary to the SAR raw data the transformed data can be efficiently coded by redundancy reduction oding techniques. The I andQ components are still Gaussian, the phase uniform and the magnitude Rayl eigh distributed. The calculated zero-order entropy (memoryless source) indicates that coding of I andQ gives a better compression than coding of magnitude and phase due to the uniformly distributed phase. 4.0 CODING OF SAR RAW DATA The investigated coding techniques are here 1D-DCT with Huffman coding of the DCT coefficients (T-DCT), Linde-Buzo-Gray vector quantisation (T-LBG-VQ). Both methods were applied to the transfomed SAR raw data, whi ch is marked by the capital letter T. The length of the DCT wasNDCT = 32. The degree of compression is a function of the quantisation step. The codebook size in case of the T-LBG-VQ was NV Q = 256. Vectors of4 1, 8 1 and16 1, respectively, have been generated. Raw Data Assessment Coding Reversible Transform Raw Data


Taking into account the specific base–base interaction existing between nucleic acid molecules, we studied the free-radical copolymerization of N-β-methacryloyloxyethyl derivative of uracil with that of adenine at 60°C in various solvents. N-β-Methacryloyloxyethyltheophylline as well as methyl methacrylate were used also as comonomers. From the data on the rates in different comonomer feed ratios and the r1 and r2 values obtained, copolymerizability was discussed in some detail. The results suggest that the interaction between uracil and adenine bases plays a role in the copolymerization behavior.


In an image for inspection displayed on a display screen, if a reference region includes a region having a luminance different from a target luminance, then the gradation of image data corresponding to said region is corrected. On the other hand, if the reference region does not include said region, then the gradation of the image data corresponding to said region is not corrected. By reducing specific display unevenness in this way, a device and a method for inspecting a display device with which degradation in display quality can be prevented are provided.


Fingerprint recognition is an active research area nowadays. In many areas we are using fingerprint recognition to improve the security and privacy. In fingerprint recognition system the recognition can be done by fingerprint matching techniques. Fingerprint matching techniques are classified in two categories namely:fingerprint verification and fingerprint identification. In this system we are using the fingerprint verification. For this we propose here a novel system for protecting fingerprint privacy by combining two different fingerprints into a new identity. In the enrollment, two fingerprints are captured from two different fingers. We extract the minutiae positions from one fingerprint, the orientation from the other fingerprint, and the reference points from both fingerprints. Based on this extracted information combined minutiae template is generated and stored. The combined minutiae template is used to generate key using RSA algorithm. In the authentication, the system requires two query fingerprints from the same two fingers which are used in the enrollment. A two-stage fingerprint matching process is proposed for matching the two query fingerprints against a combined minutiae template. A new virtual identity is created for the two different fingerprints, which can be matched using minutiae-based fingerprint matching algorithms. Authentication is granted the user can able to decrypt the message send by a external source. Thus the system provide a high level of security.


Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Saar, E., Helemäe, J., & Lindemann, K. (2017). Self-placement of the Unemployed in the Social Hierarchy. Evidence from European Countries. In J. Edlund, I. Bechert, & M. Quandt (Eds.), Social Inequality in the Eyes of the Public: A Collection of Analyses Based on ISSP Data 1987-2009 (pp. 119-136). Köln: GESIS Leibniz-Institut für Sozialwissenschaften. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-57580-6


: Although pre-Northridge earthquake steel moment resisting frame buildings have been shown to be susceptible to brittle connection failures, they still represent a large fraction of the existing steel buildings in the United States of America. In this study, the performance of the 3-and 9-story Los Angeles pre-Northridge SAC buildings are analyzed considering ductile


Lisfranc or tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint injuries are a spectrum that range from subtle sprains to high-energy crush injuries. Several classifications of Lisfranc injuries exist in the literature; these have been evaluated in this paper. The current classifications are not prognostic, guide treatment, or encompass all the types of injury. Anatomical reduction is recommended and this is regardless of injury pattern. Therefore, either stability based or anatomical classifications are proposed for this injury.


Satellite cells are undifferentiated skeletal muscle stem cells lying at the periphery of muscle fiber. The role of satellite cells is now being much appreciated, not only as crucial players during growth and regeneration, but also as mediators in exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy. This enlargement of muscle mass mainly results from resistance training which initiates five steps of cellular mechanism: signals to synthesis protein, alteration of skeletal muscle growth factor expression and/ or release, regulation of gene transcription, activation of mTOR signaling pathways and finally increased satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, activated satellite cells are crucial contributors of hypertrophied muscle by providing additional nuclei.


The present invention relates to a high-frequency electrode device for a low-pressure plasma processing apparatus and a low-pressure plasma processing apparatus having such a high-frequency electrode device and a method for providing a high-frequency electrode device for a low-pressure plasma processing apparatus. To achieve a simple and quick handling permitting flexibility in which neither the functionality nor the durability of the electrode is limited by unwanted plasma effects, a high-frequency electrode device for a low-pressure plasma processing device is proposed: with a first and a second electrode member, which are movable relative to each other and one of which is designed for permanent connection to a high frequency source of low pressure plasma processing apparatus, wherein the first electrode member comprises a first contact surface and the second electrode member having a second contact surface which is opposite to the first contact surface and in operating condition in electrical surface contact with the first contact surface , wherein one of the electrode members has a moving member and the other of the electrode elements has a guide for the movement element, wherein the Bewegungseleme nt and the guide permit relative movement of the electrode elements, with which the electrode elements can be brought into the operating state, wherein the moving member and at least part of the guide are shielded in the operating state by the surface contact against plasma.


The paper addresses the problem of understanding and interpreting professional terminology in the field of postal services (with a special focus on the CEP industry) which abounds in specific words and phrases that are sometimes difficult to pinpoint in terms of meaning or difference between them. The paper is mainly based on relevant bibliography, rulebooks, and professional debates in which the authors have participated or which they have observed. The main emphasis is put not only on the meaning of terms, but on the importance of the context in which they are used. The findings should help all interested parties: both employees in the field and young people studying to become professionals in this sector, as well as users of postal services. Since professionals in this area, and especially those in educational institutions, explain and approach certain terminology differently, the paper points out the necessity of interpreting in accordance with theoretical framework and the context of a specific term. This approach could result in higher precision and unambiguity in interpreting, explaining, and comparing different events in the postal sector. Keeping in mind that there are no previously published papers or studies tackling this problem, the idea of the authors was to identify and explain in detail some of the most commonly used terms with varied interpretations which describe services, the market, technology known as postal, whether that is entirely correct or not.


In  this  paper,  a  parameterization  strategy  of  a  k  nearest  neighbors  (k-NN) based  fault  locator  is  described.  This  technique  is  complemented  by  a  well  validated location method based on the estimation of the fault impedance. This hybrid strategy is validated in a real power distribution feeder, having obtained acceptable results. Finally and as an important advantage of the here proponed  methodology,  it  is  remarkable  the  easy  implementation  process,  considering real distribution feeders (more than 100 nodes).


The air conditioner has a cold storage heat exchanger (11) and an evaporator (8) both are connected in series in a refrigerant flow. A cold storage operation of a cold storage material (9) is performed when a compressor (1) operates and a cold release operation is performed when the compressor is stopped with a stop of an engine. The refrigerant in a decompression unit (7) is evaporated in the evaporator.