Fixation methods described to date have not proven suitable for preparing the human brain for plastination. Fixing a brain in a manner satisfactory for plastination requires that the specimen exhibit a natural form after fixation and that all anatomic components be completely and uniformly fixed. There should be no distortion of natural shape and no border of fixative penetration observable at the surface of a section.


multicoefplot runs regressions and generates graphs for repeated cross-section analysis, with extensive options for multiple specifications comparison, and specification and sample robustness-checks. Repeated cross-sections are a useful tool of analysis of panel data. In such context, researchers are often in need of comparing specifications varying the choice of controls, fixed effects or cluster standard errors, or in the framework of instrumental variables, to compare Two Stage Least Squares estimates to OLS or Reduce Forms. Multicoefplot offers an easy way to compare up to three specifications, furthermore: the multitest option allows to compare any number of groups of controls by including one group at the time; the leaveoneouttest option allows to check for estimates robustness by leaving out one control at the time; the tuplestest option checks that results are robust to including any tuples of a set of controls and finally the perturbationtest option checks that results are not driven by specific sub-samples, by singularly dropping all different values of the indicated variable. The perturbationtest includes a Diagnostics Table of the heterogeneity of results across subsamples, e.g. the Minimum Perturbation: the minimum sample drop that changes at least one estimate's significance/sign.


This study analyzes the factors that influence commercial gentrification in Seoul by using both logit model analysis and machine learning with data cumulated from 2015 to 2018 regarding 158 market areas. Logit analysis indicates that log(market area average monthly rent) and the ratio of the purchasing amount by customers aged 40 and younger to total sales in the restaurant and retail business category are statistically significant at 1%; the increase in sales per female customer aged between 30 and 39 in the restaurant and retail business category is statistically significant at 5%; and the increase in number of retailers with a business history of less than two years in the franchise business category is significant at 10%. Machine learning indicates that significant factors ordered by importance are the total retail area, the existence of an industrial complex within the market area, the existence of a traditional market within the market area, the location of subway stations within the market area, the increase of entertainment facilities such as movie theaters within the market area, average monthly rent, and the growth rate of average monthly rent. The contribution of this research is threefold. First, this study analyzes the entire commercial area of Seoul, Korea. Second, this study provides a foundation for future research on predictive indicators by empirically investigating the factors that influence commercial gentrification in Seoul. Lastly, this study introduces various methods of research by utilizing a machine learning approach. ■ keyword :∣Commercial Area∣Gentrification∣Logit Analysis∣Machine Learning∣ 접수일자 : 2019년 01월 07일 수정일자 : 2019년 02월 18일 심사완료일 : 2019년 02월 19일 교신저자 : 김동섭, e-mail : email@example.com 서울시 상업젠트리피케이션 영향요인에 관한 연구 341


Identification of superior parents are the important prerequisites for the development of high yielding genotypes. Combining ability is one of the most powerful analytical tools to decipher the genetic architecture of quantitative traits. The information regarding the gene effects involved in expression of the traits in question not only helps in suitable choice of breeding technique but also helps in identification of desirable parents and specific crosses for further exploitation. The present investigation was undertaken to know the genetic architecture of genotypes having high per se performance and to make use of these materials to generate new recombinants for selecting high yielding genotypes.


To reveal the ester distribution patterns in acetylated pectins, an enzymatic fingerprinting method usinga combined endo-polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin lyase (PL) treatment followed by hydrophilicinteraction liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry with evaporative light scattering detection was developed. This methodpaved the way for the development of the new quantitative parameters degree of hydrolysis by PG (DH PG ) and degree of hydrolysis by PL (DH PL ). These parameters distinguished the methylester and acetyl group distribution patterns within different sugar beet pectins (SBPs). In the case of pectin having a degree of methylesterification (DM) of >50 and acetylation of ~20, the above approach was insufficient. Hence, a seconddigestion was introduced using  a fungal pectin methylesterase and a PG.More than 60% of the total GalA residues present in three SBPs were recovered as monomer and oligomers after the two digestions. The first digestion of the acid extracted commercial SBP revealed the presence of small blocks of nonesterified GalA residues and segments containing large blocks of PL degradable methylesterified and /or acetylated GalA residues. Blocks of partly methylesterified, non-acetylated GalA residues were recognized after the second digestion. These results show that the acetylation pattern is non-random. A pectin acetylesterase (BliPAE) and a pectin methylesterase (BliPME) from Bacillus licheniformis DSM13 were produced, purified and biochemically characterized. The mode of action of BliPAE and BliPME towards acetylated pectins was revealed using the newly developed enzymatic fingerprinting method. BliPAE specifically deacetylates the O-3 linked acetyl groups of nonmethylesterified galacturonic acid residues in the homogalacturan of pectin. BliPME efficiently de-methylesterifies lemon pectins (DM34-76 ®DM 0) and SBPs (DM 30-73 ®DM 14) in a blockwise manner. BliPME is quite tolerant towards the acetyl groups present within the SBPs. For the first time, a comprehensive experimental characterization was directed to enzymes from B. licheniformis having a PAE and a PME activity.


A thin film preparation apparatus comprises a means preparing the precursor solution and the thin film deposition apparatus. Preparation of the precursor comprises a precursor solution reservoir means, and absorber means vaporization. The reservoir and the vaporizing means each communicating with said absorber. The plating solution reservoir tank for storing plating solution and to provide the absorption column. Vaporizing means for vaporizing the dopant solution and the dopant solution to provide the vaporized absorber. The absorption column is a plate tower, a packed column or tower ball turbulent, the absorber when the absorber is a plate, sieve plate trays of the absorption tower trays, valve trays, or bubble cap trays, the the solution was a solution of said absorber dopant for absorbing the vaporized coating precursor solution to obtain a solution. The thin film deposition apparatus for the surface of the substrate to the precursor solution turned to be coated to form a film.


Introduction Istanbul has been the pioneering city for product design instruction since the inception of this academic field in Turkey. The current umbrella organization, under which industrial design instruction is governed, is the State Academy of Fine Arts. In 1972, a separate division at the Academy (the "Interior Architecture and Industrial Design" division) was formed to specifically address instruction in industrial design at higher schools and universities nationwide. The precursor and inspiration for this division was the State School of Applied Fine Arts, an industrial product design school which opened in 1957. Originally a three-year school, in 1962, the State School of Applied Fine Arts became a four-year institution and its name was changed to the Istanbul State School of Applied Fine Arts. Following the example of the State School of Applied Fine Arts, a private school for the applied arts which opened in 1968, but was taken over by the State Academy shortly thereafter (during the period in which private universities were banned in Turkey). This second applied arts school was renamed the School of Applied Industrial Arts, and included a department of industrial design until the 1980s. While the establishment of the State School of Applied Fine Arts, which forms the core of this article,1 was still in progress, the rapid developments seen in the State Academy of Fine Arts were realized thanks to the personal efforts of Önder Küçükerman, who, at the time, was head of the Interior Architecture Department. At the same time, researchers in the field considered the State School of Applied Fine Arts to be the pioneering school for industrial design training in Turkey. H. Alpay Er has observed: It can be claimed that training for industrial product design in Turkey stemmed from two main roots. One of them is the two important art schools in Istanbul: the Istanbul State Academy of Fine Arts and the State School of Applied Fine Arts. Although not much was written about the latter school, relatively more resources are available to study the foundation of instruction at the Istanbul State Academy of Fine Arts. The Istanbul root that developed from the 1 The subject of this article first was presented as "An Overview of the State Academy of Applied Arts and the Influence of German Werkkunstschules during the Establishment and Development Period of Industrial Product Design in Turkey" at "Mind the Map, Third International Conference on Design History & Design Studies" (Istanbul, July 2002, organized by the Istanbul Technical University in cooperation with the Kent Institute of Art and Design).


Political parties are crucial institutions in the construction of a participatory democratic order; they provide platforms for developing competing public policy proposals, as well as serving as instruments for channeling disparate social groupings into a common political platform, thus providing a stabilising effect to an otherwise fractious society. The significance of political parties therefore, goes beyond the utilitarian function of contesting or retaining political power to include the ability to provide a unifying force in the face of deep-seated ethno-religious cleavages. The historical trajectory of political party formation in Nigeria however runs counter to this theoretical and normative ideal. Political parties in the pre and post-independence Nigeria have served as sites for the mobilisation of the people along primordial faultlines. This paper argues that the two main political parties in Nigeria today presents an opportunity to break the cycle of regional based parties that have hobbled efforts towards national integration.


The effect of oblique incidence on the magnetic anisotropy of a Co thin film was studied for films prepared at incidence angles of up to 70 degrees. It was found that the saturation magnetization per unit volume decreased with an increase of the incidence angle (about 60% of that of the bulk when the incidence angle was 65 degrees). From magnetic torque measurements, it was found that not only the shape anisotropy due to the columnar structure of the film, but also the crystalline anisotropy of the Co metal played an important role in the magnetic characteristics of the film.


HISTORICAL BACKGROUND HPeV are nonenveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA picornoviruses that were first detected in 1956 in children with diarrhea. HPeV-1 and HPeV-2 were originally believed to belong to the genus Enterovirus (EV) and were named echoviruses 22 and 23 (1). In 1999, HPeV were assigned their genus name when genomic sequencing proved that they were not EV. At least 14 other HPeV types have been identified (Table 1) (2-34), starting with HPeV-3, which was initially reported in Japan in 2004 (21) and next reported in Canada in 2005 (35). Recombination between HPeV types may occur (31).


The Personal Responsibility Act (PRA), is the latest attempt by Congress to reduce welfare dependency. The PRA would convert the federal entitlement status of the AID to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) to state block grants called Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). Returning the responsibility for social services to the states will promote flexibility in redesigning programs to get recipients off welfare. However, the legislation does impose eligibility restrictions aimed at behavior modification and is meant to reduce overall spending for these programs.


The invention discloses a pyrophillite lost foam casting coating and a preparation method thereof. The coating comprises the following components by the mass percentage: 90% to 95.8% of pyrophillite refractory powder, 0.2% to 0.7% of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.9% to 4.4% of swell soil, 1.9% to 5.3% of soluble glass, 0.1% to 0.18% of polyethylene alkyl polyol ether, and 0.05% to 0.1% of N-octanol, and the mass percentage of the components is 100% in total, wherein, pyrophillite refractory powder is pyrophillite or mixture of pyrophillite and other refractory materials. The invention has the advantages that the pyrophillite lost foam casting coating has favorable suspension property and thixotropy, as well as excellent ventilation property and relatively high surface strength; and the preparation technology is simple, the operation is convenient, the raw material is abundant and the production cost is low. The invention is mainly used for producing refractory material on the surface of foam plastic mould of lost foam pieces.


Sir: Maden ( Psychiatric Bulletin , December 1999, 23 , 707-710) advocates that the concept of 'treatability' of psychopathic disorder "must go, before irreparable damage is done to psychiatry's public standing". He condemns psychiatrists who diagnose an untreatable personality disorder and


Abstract Dynamic proton polarization in several free radical solutions has been studied systematically with different radicals at five widely separated magnetic field strengths and at various temperatures. Normally, in organic solutions the dynamic enhancements of the solvent proton resonances decay with increasing field and decreasing temperature. Scalar proton-electron coupling has only been observed in exceptional cases. The spectral intensity functions describing the experimental behaviour are derived from the dipolar interaction whose time dependence is in the first place due to translational diffusion of individual molecules. In addition, a certain solvation effect has to be taken into account. Strong solvation occurs in solutions of hydroxyl containing solvents with nitroxide radicals. In this case, the dynamic proton polarization appears to be quite different. As an example, solutions of tetramethyl piperidineoxyl in acetic acid have been examined in more detail. The results are explained in terms of hydrogen bridged solvates. The important motional mechanism that modulates the proton-electron interaction switches from "translation" to "rotation", and electron spin density is temporarily transferred to the solvent molecule.


Classroom management can be challenging for teachers. While managing a classroom requires flexible approach, there are some basic strategies than can be used to make the classroom safe and engaging. This new 3-page article provides recommendations to teachers to manage student behavior in the agriculture classroom. Written by Kelsey M. Thornton, R. G. (Tre) Easterly III, and Ed Osborne, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc381


Study the reaction of sodium hydroxide with silica from corn straw ash (CSA). The influences of concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, the ratio of CSA mass to sodium hydroxide solution volume, reaction time, and reaction temperature for the dissolution rate of silica and the sodium silicate modulus are studied. At the same time, we find that the apparent activation energy of this reaction is 8.688KJ/mol by Arrhenius equation. The results show that the activation energy of this reaction is low, so this reaction can be in progress at lower temperatures.


Single crystals of the lead zirconate-titanate solid solution containing 85 percent and those containing less than 40 percent of lead zirconate have been prepared from a molten solvent of a mixture of KF and PbF 2 , and the measurements of optical birefringence have been made. They are all optically negative. The absolute value of birefringence of the crystal containing less than 20 percent of PbZrO 3 shows a maximum when plotted against temperature and resembles the behavior of PbTiO 3 . Such an anomalous behavior tends to vanish with increasing amount of PbZrO 3 . These phenomena are explained taking account of the effect of covalent bonding, after the method developed by Kobayashi and Yamada. 1) The contribution of the covalent nature increases at first and then decreases gradually with increasing PbZrO 3 content. The crystal containing 85 percent of PbZrO 3 is in rhombohedral phase and has larger anisotropy than in tetragonal phase.


This article proposes an asymmetrical fault ride-through (FRT) control strategy for the rotor-side converter (RSC) of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The mathematical model of the DFIG is presented in the positive and negative rotating synchronous reference frames. To prevent the RSC from overcurrent under asymmetrical fault conditions, both positive- and negative-sequence components of the rotor current are reduced. Considering the voltage capacity limitation of the RSC, the rotor negative-sequence voltage of the DFIG is limited by multiplying by a proportional coefficient. With the proposed control strategy, the DFIG can ride through an asymmetrical fault smoothly even when the imbalanced degree of the grid voltage is equal to 100%. Simulations on a 2-MW DFIG system validate the effectiveness of the proposed asymmetrical FRT control strategy.


This study develops a set of prediction models to estimate energy usage for commercial blocks in urban areas. Commercial blocks in Taipei City, Taichung City, and Tainan City of Taiwan were selected as research subjects, and a total of 93 blocks were surveyed. With the survey of land use type and intensity, building usage, and actual building energy usage of the blocks, a set of commercial block energy usage prediction models were proposed and tested, and two commonly used land use variables (the floor area ratio and total floor areas) were included as independent variables in these models. The average number of floors and an indicator of commercial activity intensity were then employed to help define the level of energy usage intensity for the blocks surveyed in order to refine the models, and the R2 for both energy usage prediction models increases to 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. This study shows that land use variables can be utilized to rapidly estimate energy usage of commercial blocks in urban areas, and the finding should be useful for decision-makers to formulate policies on urban energy management and land use planning.


STRESS AND REST SPECT/CT IMAGING FOR EVALUATION OF LOWER EXTREMITY PERFUSION. Nataly Sumarriva, Wunan Zhou, Mitchel R. Stacy, and Albert J. Sinusas. Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven,


9513 Background: Little is known about patients (pts) who discontinue anti-PD1 therapy after a complete response (CR) outside of clinical trials. There are also limited data about retreatment with a second course of anti-PD1 upon disease progression. Methods: We retrospectively studied pts (n = 398) at MSKCC with unresectable mel (non-uveal) who received ≥1 dose of single-agent anti-PD1 and were followed ≥3 months (mos) after treatment cessation. CR was defined radiographically or by a negative biopsy of residual tissue. Overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF, time until next therapy or death) were calculated from time of CR. When to stop therapy and whether to retreat after progressive disease (PD) were at the discretion of the treating oncologist. A subset of pts received a second course of single-agent anti-PD1 ≥3 months after initial discontinuation; retreated pts were evaluable if they had radiographic or clinical evaluation to assess retreatment efficacy. Results: 102 pts (25.6%) achieved CR (n = 89 radiographic, n = 13 pathologic). Median follow-up was 22.6 mos for survivors who had a CR. Estimated 3-year OS from time of CR was 82.5% (95% CI 67.4-91.0). For pts who had a CR, therapy was discontinued due to CR (n = 72), toxicity (n = 24), or other reasons (n = 6). The median duration of treatment for CR pts was 9.4 mos (range 1.6-36.1). 20 CR pts later had progressive disease (PD). Median TTF has not been reached; at 3-years the estimated treatment-free survival for CR pts was 72.3% (95% CI 60.2-81.3). 34 pts received a second course of anti-PD1 for PD after a median of 11.6 mos off treatment (range 3.5-28.6). Best responses to the second course of treatment were: 2 CRs (5.9%), 3 with tumor shrinkage (8.8%), 9 (26.5%) with SD, and 20 with PD (58.8%). Of these pts who had had a CR (n = 8) or some lesser degree of tumor shrinkage (n = 13) to the initial course of anti-PD1 treatment, only 1 and 2 pts responded, respectively, to retreatment. Median duration of retreatment was 10.9 wks. Conclusions: In this largest dataset to knowledge of mel pts treated with a second course of anti-PD1, response rate was low, even in pts who had achieved a response initially. Further study is needed into the necessary duration of initial anti-PD1 treatment and optimal strategies for initial responders who discontinue and later develop PD.


There are 2000 counties in China,with 80 percent in mountain regions. Whether the development of mountain counties is sustainable or not directly influence the course of the whole national mordenization. However ,the evaluative system ,regulative ways ,related theories and manners of sustainable development in counties haven't been studied or are fairly superficial.In this paper,on the basis of the features of mountain counties and according to the ideas of sustainable development,an index system which includes 92 statistical indices ,30 characteristic indices, 12 characteristic functions and 2 target functions was set up. A quantitative evaluation model H 1=K 1Y 6Y 1Y 2e (Y 4+Y 5-Y 3) ;H 2=K 2(∏12i=7M iY i) 1/6 was set up, where H 1 and H 2 are two target functions ,called the functions of sustainable development level and ability, Y 1 ,Y 2 …Y 12 are characteristic functions. M i is weight imposed on Y i,K 1 and K 2 are proportion coefficients.This method was applied to Jiaokou County and the grade of sustainable development of it was studied quantitatively.


Graduate employment is an important issue of higher education.Positive psychology is advocated to stimulate people's potential,constructive force,a positive attitude to look at things.Under the guidance of the concept of positive psychology to help students correct view of employment,the employment pressure adjustment,psychological response to the employment crisis and promote the full development of college students is significant.


To assess the efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy as adjunctive treatment for diabetic foot ulcers with a systematic review of the literature. The literature review was conducted through Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched tofind relevant articles published up to April 20, 2012, without restriction as to language or publication status. All controlled trials that
evaluated adjunctive treatment with HBO therapy compared with treatment without HBO for chronic diabetic foot ulcers were selected. Based on the results of journal studies, Thirteen trials (a total of 624 patients), including 7 prospective randomized trials, performed between January 1, 1966, and April 20, 2012, were identified as eligible for inclusion in the study. Adverse events associated with HBO treatment
were rare and reversible and not more frequent than those occurring without HBO treatment (P¼.37). On the basis of these effects, we believe that quality of life could be improved in selected patients treated with HBO.


FIELD: polymers, in particular diene rubber compositions reinforced with carbon white for production of pneumatic tire and intermediate therefor. SUBSTANCE: sulfur-vulcanizing rubber composition for pneumatic tire production includes at least one diene elastomer (A component), carbon white as reinforcing filler (B component), binder of carbon white/elastomer having at least two functional groups, named as "X" and "Y" (C component), which may be grafted on the one side to carbon white via Y group, and on the other side to elastomer via X group, wherein X group represents α,β-unsaturated fatty acid ester having carbonyl group of general formula X 1 in γ-position. In formula R, R 1 and R 2 are monovalent hydrocarbon radical or R 1 and R 2 may be additionally hydrogen atoms. Also disclosed are pneumatic tire in raw and cured form, semimanufactured tire, in particular thread running surface from said rubber composition. Method for production of rubber composition, method for binding of carbon white with diene elastomer includes thermomechanical blending of A, B, and C components in one or more steps up to maximum temperature of 110-190°C. EFFECT: rubber composition with improved hysteretic properties, high mechanical and technological characteristics; pneumatic tires and intermediates made of the same with low rolling resistance and increased endurance. 30 cl, 3 dwg, 6 tbl, 4 ex


Since globalization, there is constant pressure for the management to reform their human resource management practices. This is to ensure continued existence of theseorganizations and also human capital development.The changing roles of managementplacesa vital role on performance management through promoting work culture, work environment, degree of fairness and transparency in motivating employee's to achieve greater performance standards. Performance appraisal, although intricateand debatable tool (Roberts, 2003) being a part of performance management plays an important part in ensuring the organization's employees perform according to company's expectations.However, recent research has placed much emphasis measurement issue rather than improvement on performance itself(DeNisi, &Pritchard, 2006). The purpose of this research paper is to devise a structural equation modeling (SEM) in reference to performance appraisal, applying three central determinants which iswork culture, environment and degree of fairness in order to measure employee's job commitment and influence on performance. Through this research we are able to establish a conceptual framework for future research that focuses on employees' performance improvement.


. State-of-the-art Computer Vision models achieve impressive performance but with an increasing complexity. Great advances have been made towards automatic model design, but accounting for model performance and low complexity is still an open challenge. In this study, we propose a neural architecture search strategy for high performance low complexity classification models, that combines an efficient search algorithm with mechanisms for reducing complexity. We tested our proposal on a real World remote sensing problem, the Local Climate Zone classification. The results show that our proposal achieves state-of-the-art performance, while being at least 91.8% more compact in terms of size and FLOPs.


REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY
Subchondral cystic lesions of the medial femoral condyle (SCMFC) are well documented in horses < or =3 years; arthroscopic debridement or enucleation of the cyst is currently the surgical treatment of choice. However, studies of occurence and outcome following surgery in older horses are lacking.

OBJECTIVE
To identify factors important in outcome for horses with SCMFC treated by arthroscopic debridement.

HYPOTHESIS
Age of horse at presentation has a significant influence on return to work following arthroscopic treatment for SCMFC. Clinical and diagnostic findings are also significant with respect to prognosis.

METHODS
A retrospective review of medical records from 6 equine referral centres identified 85 horses that underwent arthroscopic debridement of SCMFC. Clinical examination, radiographic and arthroscopic findings were analysed together with follow-up data. Univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors affecting return to soundness. Event-time analysis was performed to evaluate return to work.

RESULTS
Older horses (>3 years) were less likely to return to soundness (P = 0.02) or to work (P = 0.04) than younger horses (< or = 3 years). Of 39 horses age 0-3 years, 25 (64%, 95% CI 49-79%) returned to soundness. Of 46 horses age >3 years, 16 (35%,95% CI 21-49%) returned to soundness. In addition, cartilage damage at sites other than the SCMFC negatively affected prognosis (P = 0.05). The hospital where treatment was performed had no influence on return to soundness.

CONCLUSIONS
Older horses carry a worse prognosis for both return to soundness and return to work.

POTENTIAL RELEVANCE
It is important for clients to be made aware of the difference in outcome between age groups.


The evaluation of landscape resources is the basis of tourism development. The traditional aesthetic value assessment of forest landscape mainly focuses on the visual perception, but the auditory perception is usually ignored. In fact, the esthetics artistic conception is not complete without each sense. With a case study on the National Forestry Park of Mount Sanzhualun in Jiangxi Province, the investigation and analysis of the soundscape resources are made in this research. The forest soundscape resources are classified into six types, mainly including water soundscape, rain soundscape, birds' soundscape, leaf soundscape, insects' soundscape and wind soundscape. Furthermore, the concept, content and rule of forest soundscape resources are defined so as to provide significant references for the more advantageous development, utilization and management of the forest landscape resources.


Contagion effect is an events of contagious financial crises from one country or region to another country or a region. An object of this research are composite stock price index and stock-index existing sectoral the indonesia stock exchange. This research conducted using Granger Causality Test and Impulse Response Function. While volatility analysis conducted by Generalized Approach Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity. Research result indicates there is the contagion effect from DJI to  JCI and sectoral stock indexes.  It was proven by the presence of a single direction or un directional causality. The conclusion was also supported by an increase in the stock index BEI in response to a maximum of 2 ( two ) in a day. From the results of the analysis, we know there have been increasing volatility on the sectoral stock index especially in the non financial sector.


The research of teaching methods has been attracting L2 researchers and practitioners, for the proper choice of teaching methods may produce a considerable effect on both languages teaching and learning. Case-based teaching method is now widely applied to many courses, which has been well examined in the existing literature. While there still remains some space worth exploring in the field of ESP teaching, especially in business English teaching, which is scarcely studied by many researchers and teachers. In addition, most of the researchers focus their attention on the secondary or tertiary learners. Similar research has rarely been found as regards the business English learners of higher vocational education institutions, and even more scarcely to probe into the problems in the implementation of case-based teaching method in business English reading. Against such a research background, this study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of the case-based teaching method in business English reading at the higher vocational college level, with a special focus on the identification of the problems in the process of implementing the case-based teaching method. The ultimate goal of the study was to help push forward the necessary pedagogical reforms conducted in higher vocational colleges so that the case-based teaching could be implemented to the desired effect. With the mixed design of quantitative and qualitative approaches, the study comes to the conclusions that despite that a few problems or difficulties were found in the implementation of case-based teaching method from the perspectives of teachers, students and administrators, the method is significantly effective in improving students' enhancement in autonomous learning, cooperative learning and independent thinking.


Background: Food insecurity was associated with allocation of income for consumption of energy-dense foods that may cause obesity amongst poor family. In addition, low physical activity may lead to obesity, particularly among individual living in disadvantaged situation. Objective: To identify the risk factors of obesity among poor housewives in Yogyakarta. Method: This was a case control study, case group was obese housewives and the control group was non obese housewives. The locations of the study were Bumijo and Pringgokusuman which have high population density. The samples were taken purposively. Each groups consisted of 70 housewives (1:1) and were matched according to age. Mc.Nemar test and conditional logistic regression were used to identify the risk factors of obesity. Results: There were no signifi cant differences in characteristics between the two groups. Food insecurity reached 91,43% in the control group, while the proportion of excessive energy intake in the case group was higher than in control group (37.86% Vs 24.29%). Excessive fat intake in the case group was found in 30% subjects, compared to 28.57% in the control group. Low physical activity was found in 40% of subjects in the case group, and 10% of subjects in the control group. The result of Mc.Nemar test showed that food insecurity, energy and fat intake were not signifi cantly associated with obesity (p>0.05). While physical activity was associated with obesity (p=0.0001). The result of conditional logistic regression revealed that physical activity was the dominant risk factor for obesity among poor housewives (R 2 =0.1916). Conclusion: Food security status was not a risk factor for obesity among poor housewives. Energy intake and fat intake contributed to the prevalence of obesity though the infl uence was weaker than physical activity.


We report high angular resolution (3″) Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of the molecular cloud associated with the Ultracompact H ii region G5.89 − 0.39. Imaged dust continuum emission at 870 μm reveals significant linear polarization. The position angles (P.A.s) of the polarization vary enormously but smoothly in a region of 2 × 104 AU. Based on the distribution of the P.A.s and the associated structures, the polarized emission can be separated roughly into two components. The component "x" is associated with a well-defined dust ridge at 870 μm, and is likely tracing a compressed B field. The component "o" is located at the periphery of the dust ridge and is probably from the original B field associated with a pre-existing extended structure. The global B field morphology in G5.89, as inferred from the P.A.s, is clearly disturbed by the expansion of the H ii region and the molecular outflows. Using the Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, we estimate from the smoothness of the field structures that the B field strength in the plane of sky can be no more than 2–3 mG. We then compare the energy densities in the radiation, the B field, and the mechanical motions as deduced from the C17O 3-2 line emission. We conclude that the B field structures are already overwhelmed and dominated by the radiation, outflows, and turbulence from the newly formed massive stars.


The invention discloses a data storage method. The data storage method comprises the following steps of S1, applying for a memory space; S2, writing data in a relative data table into the memory space according to a data structure of B+ tree. The invention also discloses a data search method and particularly relates to a data storage and search method used in track traffic. The data storage method and the data search method overcome the defect that the primary key of a memory database can only utilize an integer-type format in the prior art, can achieve data retrieval even under the condition that a character string serves as the primary key and meanwhile is of the data structure of B+ tree, thereby increasing the search speed.


The two-dimensional Stokes flow due to a line rotlet inside a fixed elliptic cylinder is investigated, where it is assumed that the line rotlet intersects the major axis of each elliptical cross-section of the cylinder. For the case in which the line rotlet coincides with the centre-line of the elliptic cylinder, it is shown that the number of eddies in the flow increases in a roughly linear way with the ratio of length to width of a cross-section of the cylinder. Moreover, results obtained by varying the rotlet position for several different fixed boundary shapes suggest that the aforementioned ratio, and not the rotlet position, is the principal determinant of the number of eddies.


Photochemistry of e,ζ-Methano-α,γ-dienones and 7,8-Methano-1,3,5-trienes

Irradiation of the δ-cyclopropyl-dienone (E)-6 (λ ≥ 347 nm) gives (Z)-6, 10 (1,5-sigmatropic H-shift), (E/Z)-9 (electrocyclic process involving C(e), C(ζ)-cleavage) and 11 (ring opening).

The corresponding 6-cyclopropyl-triene (E)-7 gives on singlet excitation (δ > 280 nm) 14 (1,5-sigmatropic H-shift) and, to a smaller extent, the bicyclo [3.2.0] heptenyl-dienes (E/Z)-13. However, on triplet excitation (λ ≥ 347 nm, benzophenone) (E)-7 gives (E/Z)-13 as the main products. On both 1π,π*- and 3π,π*-excitation, (Z)-7 and 15 are formed in small amounts.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the influence of white cell count (WCC) on the decision to operate on patients with right lower abdominal pain.

DESIGN
Open study.

SETTING
University hospital, Switzerland.

SUBJECTS
221 adult patients admitted to emergency department with right lower abdominal pain.

INTERVENTIONS
Surgeons were unaware of the WCC until after they had initially decided whether to remove the appendix. They were told the result and asked if it would influence their final decision.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Whether surgeons changed their minds about operation when told the initial WCC.

RESULTS
112 Patients (51 men and 61 women) were operated on, of which 44 men (52%) and 42 women (31%) had histologically confirmed appendicitis. The decision to operate was influenced by the initial WCC in only 6 patients (3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6 to 4.9%). At follow up after 30 days the change of decision in the 6 patients had been correct in 5.

CONCLUSION
The WCC did not significantly influence surgical decision-making in the group of patients who were suspected of having acute appendicitis.


Here, the versatility of 2-iminothiolane to act as coupling reagent for solid-phase synthesis of polyamine conjugates is shown. This method, which supersedes the use of elaborate protection group strategies, allows the mild coupling of biomacromolecules and other functional moieties. Spermine conjugates with diverse maleimido building blocks were synthesized by a quick and selective reaction.


I t has been more than four decades since the dramatic effectiveness of polyclonal antilymphocyte antibodies (antilymphocyte globulin [ALG] and antithymocyte globulin [ATG]) in suppressing alloimmunity in rodents (1, 2), canines (3, 4), and humans (4–6) was demonstrated. Lack of well-standardized antilymphocyte antibody preparations clearly limited the early clinical application of ALG/ATG. Eventually with the availability of standardized preparations, the usefulness of this therapy in clinical solid organ transplantation was confirmed (7, 8). Polyclonal and monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies are now commonly used for induction therapy and rejection treatment and are frequently used in clinical tolerance strategies to eliminate or minimize requirements for maintenance immunosuppression. ALG/ATG is a recognized standard treatment to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after bone marrow transplantation. More than 70% of all solid organ transplants performed in the United States in 2003 utilized some type of antibody induction therapy (8). Polyclonal rabbit ATG (Thymoglobulin) was by far the most commonly used preparation, comprising 34% of all patients treated (9). Rabbit ATG is the only immunosuppressive antibody whose use continues to grow; use of other antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal) has plateaued or fallen. These data underscore the importance of polyclonal antilymphocyte antibodies in modern transplantation immunosuppressive therapy. Expanded clinical use has prompted recent additional studies on the complex mechanisms of action of ALG/ATG, which are the focus of this supplement. Kenneth Brayman of the University of Virginia notes in his introduction that although the efficacy of polyclonal antilymphocyte antibodies in suppressing allograft immunity has largely been attributed to their T-cell depleting activity, recent studies affirm that ATG can induce a variety of biological effects by other depletional and nondepletional mechanisms. ATG modulates various lymphocyte surface antigens and interferes with the function of a number of different immune effector cells, particularly B cells, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) T cells and regulatory T cells (T regs). He emphasizes that increased understanding of the mechanisms of action of ATG has provided expanded rationale for its use in other therapeutics areas. Thomas Mueller of the University of Alberta points out that ATG (Thymoglobulin) is a mixture of different antibody specificities that interact with various immune response antigens, adhesion molecules, cell trafficking molecules, and numerous other antigens involved in heterogenous pathways. Thymoglobulin is an extremely effective T-cell depleting agent, primarily exerting its immunosuppressive effect via complement-dependent cell lysis in the blood and apoptotic cell death in the lymphatic tissue. Interestingly, in the original description of rodent lymph nodes after prolonged ALS treatment, histological evidence consistent with extensive lymphocyte apoptosis was identified (10). ATG also modulates cell surface markers, such as various integrins and intercellular adhesion molecules that facilitate leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Administration of thymoglobulin leads to Tcell depletion and resulting altered homeostasis characterized by age-dependent changes in ratios of CD4 to CD8 T cells and naive to memory T cells. This homeostasis results in expansion of specific T-cell subsets (i.e., CD8 CD57 CD28-T cells). Also, CD4 CD25 Foxp3 regulatory cells are more resistant to depletion than other cell types and are therefore relatively enriched. Martin Zand of the University of Rochester affirms that B cells make major contributions to both T-cell and B-cell-mediated allograft rejection and function as a barrier to successful transplantation in allosensitized patients. B-cell functions in solid organ and bone marrow transplantation include antibody production, antigen presentation, and provision of costimulating signals for T-cell activation. He reviews the anti-B-cell activity of several therapeutic antibody preparations: polyclonal ATG (Thymoglobulin), the monoclonal antibodies rituximab and alemtuzumab, and pooled human immunoglobulin. He states that thymoglobulin contains antibodies specifically directed at B-cell and plasma-cell restricted surface antigens and antibodies against antigens common to B and T cells. These multiple surface targets give rise to multiple mechanisms of action affecting B-cell mediated alloresponses such as B-cell apoptosis, FcR binding, complement-mediated lysis, blockade of costimulating molecules and cytokine receptors, and blockade of T-helper cell activation necessary to support T-cell dependent B-cell activation. Robert Lowsky of Stanford University summarizes the effect of transplantation on two types of regulatory cells: CD4 CD25 regulatory T cells and CD161 CD3 V 24 natural killer T cells. He proposes that ATG facilitates tolerance induction and GVHD reduction through modification of host T-cell subsets to favor regulatory T cells. It is noteworthy that the appearance of various types of suppressor/immunoregulatory cells was identified after treatment with polyclonal antilymphocyte serum in early murine studies (11). He notes that incubation of thymoglobulin with naı̈ve CD4 CD25 T cells isolated from human volunteers led to the rapid and sustained expansion of CD4 CD25 Foxp3 T regs (increased 4% to 28%), which exhibited the phenotype of naturally occurring T regs (CD25 high expression and GITR, CLTA-4, and Foxp3 positive) and increased ability to produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-5, hallmarks of Th2 cytokine production. In murine models of acute GVHD, recipients conditioned with total lymphoid irradiation (TL1) and ATG were significantly protected from GVHD after bone marrow transplantation than recipients given radiation alone. Protection in TLI/ATG treated recipients was due to host regulatory NK1.1 T cells. Similar protection from acute GVHD was obtained in human recipients conditioned with TL1 and Thymoglobulin prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation. Monitoring of host T-cell subsets before TL1 and ATG and immediately prior to infusion of donor bone marrow cells revealed highly significant skewing of residual host T cells Copyright © 2007 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISSN 0041-1337/07/84011S-1 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000297838.59029.68


With the research methods of statistics and literature study and on the basis of analysing the performance of Guangdong team in the CBA league from 2009 to 2010,the paper summerizes the performance of the Guangdong team in the CBA league and analyses the reasons of the steady development of the Guangdong professional basketball.


The analysis of pressurized thermal shock (PTS) shows it is necessary for nondestructive evaluation to demonstrate high probability of detecting evaluation to demonstrate high probability of detecting cracks 0.250 inches deep and deeper at the clad/base metal interface. Ultrasonic techniques developed and used in Europe are evaluated in this paper for their applicability to US reactor pressure vessels for detecting cracks of interest for PTS. Flaw detectability experiments were carried out by testing the inspection technique's ability to detect artificial flaws under several types of clad, including some Manual Metal Arc (MMA) clad. Both ground and unground clad surfaces were evaluated. Crack sizing tests of the inspection technique were made using a crack tip diffraction technique.


The erosion process of cemented soil blocks by H2SO4 solution with different concentrations is simulated through tests in lab.The relationship of the electrical resistivity with various parameters and unconfined compression strength is studied using the resistivity method.The result has shown that after eroded by H2SO4 solution,the electrical resistivity and compression strength of cemented soil are decreasing,whereas the formation factor and the density of cemented soil are increasing with the increment of H2SO4 solution concentration;the compression strength of cemented soil blocks is in proportion to electrical resistivity.By taking into account the erosion factor,a electrical resistivity equation related to H2SO4 concentration and porosity is proposed using the corrected Archie's law.After analyzing the results of unconfined compression strength test and observing the photos of sample surface erosion,a method is proposed to evaluate the erosion degree of cemented soil eroded by H2SO4 solution through the electrical resistivity.


Error estimates for the Crank-Nicolson in time, finite element in space (CNFE) discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations require a discrete version of the Gronwall inequality, which leads to a time-step restriction. We prove herein that no restriction on the time-step is necessary for a linear, fully implicit variation of CN-FE obtained by extrapolation of the convecting velocity. Previous convergence analyses of CN-FE with linear extrapolation rely on a similar time-step restriction as the full CN-FE. We show: CN-FE with linear extrapolation is unconditionally convergent in the energy norm. We also show optimal convergence of CN-FE with extrapolation in a discrete L∞(H1)-norm and convergence of the corresponding discrete time derivative in a discrete L(L)-norm.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between depression, anxiety and dietary behaviors among Korean high school girls. The subjects were 1922 high school students in Seoul and Daejeon, Korea. The data was collected through self‐reported questionnaires which included general characteristics, dietary intake, Bulimia (Bulimia Test‐R), depression and anxiety assessment (HADS). Twenty nine percent of the girls had depression disorder (mild 20.3%, moderate 8.1%, and severe 1.3%) and 42% of the subjects showed anxiety disorder (mild 22.1%, moderate 15.3%, severe 4.6%). The proportion of girls with smoking, alcohol drinking, low appetite, and skipping breakfast were significantly higher among those who had anxiety and depression disorder (p<0.001). Anxiety and depression scores were positively correlated with intake frequency of soda and fast food but negatively associated with vegetable and fruit intakes (p<0.001). In summary, the prevalence of anxiety and depression disorder was high among Korean girls and associated with unhealthy dietary pattern. Mental health care programs are necessary for better dietary behaviors of girl adolescents. (This work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 Project in 2009.)


Taking a specific enterprise as example,the paper analyzes the problems in purchasement management encountered by former state-owned enterprises after privatization,and,from the perspectives of SCM and informatization,proposes measures to improve the performance of purchasement and,in turn,the enterprise competitiveness.


Policymakers often face difficult tradeoffs in pursuing domestic and external stabilization objectives. The paper reflects staff's work to advance the understanding of the policy options and tradeoffs available to policymakers in a systematic and analytical way.
The paper recognizes that the optimal path of the IPF tools depends on structural characteristics and fiscal policies. The operational implications of IPF findings require careful consideration. Developing safeguards to minimize the risk of inappropriate use of IPF policies will be essential. Staff remains guided by the Fund's Institutional View (IV) on the Liberalization and Management of Capital Flows.


In this paper, based on the DCF cash flow discount valuation model, and partly using the geological analogy method, we analyse the availability of chromite mineral in China by the provinces and deposits. We eventually calculated the availability data of chromite ore in China at different levels of internal rate of return and different price conditions from 2016 to 2030. With the corresponding results are price-tonnage diagrams, which can dynamically and precisely reveal the trend of chromite mineral availability of China in 2016 to 2030, and make prediction of future domestic demand annually 4 million 500 thousand tons of chromite. In order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of Chinese chromite industry, we propose some pertinent and feasible policies about the development of Chinese chromite resources, such as the technological breakthrough of the recovery rate of Stainless steel, optimization of the distribution of overseas resources supply, elimination or transfer of low end surplus Stainless steel, establishing the strategic reserve system etc Introduction Chromium is a kind of silvery and glossy metal. It has the characteristics of hard, wear-resistant, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. It is mainly used in the production of stainless steel. It is widely used in shipbuilding, automobile, aerospace, pigment, textile, electroplating, refractory and so on. As a strategic mineral resource, in order to ensure economic security and national defense safety, the United States and the European Union have identified chromite as the key mineral and the concerned raw material [1] in 1970s. China also listed chromate as a strategic mineral in the national mineral resource planning (2016 2020) [2]. In 2016, China's Chromite imports reached 10 million 600 thousand tons, domestic output was about 200 thousand tons, and supply and demand were seriously unbalanced. Against this background, it is of great practical significance to study the continuous supply capacity of China's chromite resources. In this paper, the cash flow discounted valuation model is used to study the distribution, structure, total quantity and quality of the available reserves / production of Chinese chrome ore on the basis of field investigation and the types of ore deposits, development and utilization and distribution of administrative areas. In the past 15 years, the changing trend of China chrome ore resources supply capacity under different internal rate of return and different market prices will provide reference for the chromium mine to strengthen the guarantee and keep healthy development. Theory of Availability Analysis As the price of the market is uncertain, the mineral reserves and production of a country are not always available, and in a certain price condition, only part of it is available. It is necessary to establish a unified and comparable calculation standard for the mine availability index, to solve the price of mine and the available reserves and production, and to extract the corresponding mineral reserves and production from the total amount of [3]. In this paper, we use the cash flow discount valuation model to analyze the data by using the "geological analogy" method when the data and data are hard to obtain. 405 Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Engineering Research (AER), volume 174 International Conference on Energy Development and Environmental Protection (EDEP 2018)


In 2004, for the first time in history, the United States Supreme Court addressed the meaning and scope of the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) of 1789. Originally intended to provide redress for acts of piracy or offences against ambassadors, the Statute has been used since the 1980 watershed case of Filartiga v. Pena-Irala to award damages in civil trials in the United States to foreign victims of, inter alia, torture, summary execution and forced disappearance. Opponents have claimed, among other things, that use of the ATS shows disregard for principles of international comity; is inconsistent with principles governing the use of universal jurisdiction; and results in an imperialist American privatization of human rights. The author argues that the Supreme Court's decision in Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain limits the ATS to a tool of complementary justice consistent with prevailing principles of global accountability.


On the occasion of the second centenary of the French Revolution, it is interesting to examine how far its declarations affected Greeks, in view of the fact that human liberties—or those which we usually refer to as civil rights—were born in Greece itself, a country which, at the end of the eighteenth century, was groaning beneath the boot-heel of the Ottoman conqueror. One precondition of the exercise of human liberties is the possibility of belonging to a group on an individual or a collective basis. This right was recognised for the first time in the history of European civilisation by Solon, whose legislation extended it—originally the exclusive prerogative of the eupatrides (who were bound by common blood into phratries)—to other classes of free individuals, who were connected by bonds of common space (demes) and common interests (orgeones, thiasi, and sailors).  It was thus that the beginning of the sixth century saw the establishment  of the polity of conciliation, whose concensus processes made the concept  of Democracy a reality; for every citizen had access to the public offices, and  thus felt himself to be an organic part of the city-state.  Since then human liberties have been in both theory and practice inseparably bound up with the democratic system. And when it declines or disappears, they suffer.  Turning our investigation to the period of Turkish domination, we realise  that even at this time of oppression, on the basis of the traditional common  law of the privilege system, favourable conditions had been created for the  development of human liberties. Each community was an autonomous taxation unit operating on the basis of the mutual interests of the conquerors  and the conquered. Being jointly responsible for the payment of taxes, the  members of each community soon developed systems of mutual dependency  and self-administration, by which every member, in accordance with the  representative system, had access to the governing processes of the communi ties as subsidiary power centres. He could be elected to community offices,  elect those who handled the taxes, and above all check up on them, both in  the exercise of their duties and, above all, when their year of service ended.  Evidence from Serres (1614), Mykonos (1615 and 1659), Smyrna (1785),  Hydra (1804-18), and Meleniko (1813), reveals that the enslaved rayahs had  begun to enjoy civil rights in the form I have described, some 200 years before  the French Revolution; yet in the Venetian dominated Ionian Islands, despite  their direct contact with the West, only the nobility had civil rights before the  nineteenth century.  On the basis of the community experience in the period of Turkish  domination, Rhigas Velestinlis came out firmly in favour of the declarations  of the French Revolution. In his Constitution (1797), however, he surpassed  them, for he accorded civil rights not only to individuals but also to groups,  irrespective of racial, religious, or linguistic criteria. He thus anticipated  articles 22, 23, and 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which,  like Rhigas, grant civil liberties to societies and communities.


Purpose:  Guidelines for refractory epilepsy recommend timely referral of potential surgical candidates to an epilepsy center for evaluation. However, this approach is seldom a priority for treating neurologists, possibly because of inertia of previous practice and personal attitudes, leading to a buildup of psychosocial disabilities and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy surgery among practicing neurologists and identify the barriers that delay the treatment.


he describes thoroughly (in German only) in the critical commentaries to both volumes. The primary source for opus 61, the composer's orchestral autograph, is now held by the Biblioteka Jagiellońska in Cracow, one of the numerous manuscripts removed from the Deutsche Staatsbibliothek in Berlin for safekeeping during World War II and subsequently regarded as "missing" for several decades. Thus, the present edition would not have been possible when the Leipziger Ausgabe was founded over four decades ago. The autographs and first editions of the piano arrangements are included among the sources for the orchestral music, thus making the lettering scheme used to identify sources consistent between both volumes. The edition of Mendelssohn's piano arrangements draws mainly on autograph sources and English and German first editions. It also includes a transcription of an autograph fragment of a four-hand version of the overture, without the reduced rhythmic values. The typography and layout of both volumes is clean and clear. The four facsimiles of autograph materials included in the volume of piano arrangements are slightly dark, whereas the ten facsimiles gracing the opus 61 volume, including early sketches, are higher-quality reproductions. This volume also includes transcriptions of the composer's earliest sketches from Mus. ms. autogr. Mendelssohn 19 in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz (see Stuart Douglass Seaton, "A Study of a Collection of Mendelssohn's Sketches and Other Autograph Material: Deutsche Staatsbibliothek Berlin, Mus. Ms. Autogr. Mendelssohn 19" [Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1977]). These are organized by movement and interspersed with rejected portions from later manuscripts, most often the composer's final autograph. While Schmidt's accompanying commentary somewhat illuminates Mendelssohn's development of the materials, the organization of this section incongruously juxtaposes sections from far-ranging parts of the compositional process. The appendices also include a comparison chart of the spoken and sung texts— Schlegel's original translation, and three different versions as found in the manuscripts and early publication of the music. Welcome here would have been the original English text by Shakespeare and, given the music's important place in Victorian culture, the text from the first English edition of Mendelssohn's work. The four-hand piano arrangement does include the texts of the corresponding first English edition with the music (as well as in an appendix). In the sections of melodrama, however, these are so highly condensed as to constitute cues rather than full dramatic excerpts —English-speaking musicians wishing to perform from this edition will have to resort to their own copies of Shakespeare's play. Regardless of these small omissions, however, the newly published authoritative editions of the music for A Midsummer Night's Dream in the Leipziger Ausgabe are highly recommended, as they represent a significant milestone in the continuing progress of modern Mendelssohn scholarship.


The dynamics of self-complementary DNA decamers containing chemically-modified recognition sequences of the Eco RI endonuclease have been investigated by temperature-dependent picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The unmodified decamer, d[CTGAATTCAG], as well as the decamer with 2-aminopurine (2AP) replacing adenine in position 5, have been shown to be B-type duplexes by 2D NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Fluorescence anisotropy decay and MD of the 2AP-containing decamer show rapid motion of the base on timescales of 10-11 to 10-10 s. The multi-exponential fluorescence decay of the fluorescence and its temperature dependence, together with the 10-ns singleexponential decay of the isolated 2AP base, suggest that the 2AP base exists in 4 or more conformational states. All of these states appear to interconvert, but only two on the timescale of the fluorescence decay. The decamer with 1-((beta)-D-2'-deoxyribosyl)-2-pyrimidinone (dK) replacing dC in position 8 is a duplex which melts at about 21° C and shows multi-exponential fluorescence decay. Fluorescence is dominated, however, by a temperature-dependent 150-200 ps decay component accounting for >90% of the decay process. The unnormalized amplitude of this component decreases with decreasing temperature, reflecting hypochromism of dK as it stacks with its neighbors. In contrast with the other two modified bases, the isolated dK base has an extremely short fluorescence lifetime in aqueous solution, about 250 ps. The decamer with the 5-methyl derivative of dK (dS) placed in position 7 appears to be single-stranded above 10° C. Fluorescence from this decamer is thermodynamically and kinetically simpler than that from the duplexes. The decay time of the isolated d5 base is about 4.0 ns, while the decamer shows a temperature-independent 4.0 +/- 0.1 ns and shorter-lived, temperature-dependent decay components. Analysis of the data shows that completely unstacked (solvent-exposed) and partially stacked states exist. The completely unstacked state is a small component at all observed temperatures.


The present study suggests a way to improve electrical characteristics and stabilities by forming a different stoichiometry in a homogeneous system without using a multiple deposition process. Post treatment by sequential pressure annealing (SPA) of a homogeneous indium–zinc oxide system is carried out to fabricate vertically graded oxygen deficiencies via redox reactions. The SPA treatment consists of several steps. First, hydrogen pressure annealing is performed to chemically expedite the reduction reaction of weak chemical bonds in the overall channel region and thereby make the material highly conducting. Second, oxygen pressure annealing is performed to render the channel a poor conductor by gradually oxidizing the channel from the back to the front. Such SPA‐treated devices have significantly more oxygen deficiencies in the front‐channel region than in the back‐channel region. The stoichiometry of the channel region modified in this manner provided enhanced mobility, a higher on/off ratio, and a decreased threshold voltage shift (under positive and negative bias stresses).


The fast development of virtual network functions (VNFs) brings new opportunities to network service deployment on edge networks. For complicated services, VNFs can chain up to form service function chains (SFCs). Despite the promises, it is still not clear how to backup VNFs to minimize the cost while meeting the SFC availability requirements in an online manner. In this paper, we propose a novel self-adapting scheme named SAB to efficiently backup VNFs over both the edge and the cloud. Specifically, SAB uses both static backups and dynamic ones created on the fly to accommodate the resource limitation of edge networks. For each VNF backup, SAB determines whether to place it on the edge or the cloud, and if on the edge, which edge server to use for load balancing. SAB does not assume failure rates of VNFs but instead strives to find the sweet point between the desired availability of SFCs and the backup cost. Both theoretical performance bounds and extensive simulation results highlight that SAB provides significantly higher availability with lower backup cost compared with existing baselines.


LiFePO4/C composite materials were prepared via a thermal reduction method.Fe2O3 and FePO4 were used as Fe sources;sucrose and active iron powder were used as reductive agent;four reaction routes were designed.The crystal structure and surface morphology were researched by XRD and SEM;the electrochemical performance was studied by cyclic voltammetry method,charge-discharge testing and AC impedance method.The prepared LiFePO4/C composite material had good electrochemical performance,the composite material synthesized using FePO4 and active iron powder presented the best performance.Its initial discharge specific capacity was 151 mAh/g and the capacity retention rate was 99.5% at the 200th cycle when charge-discharge at 0.2 C.


Abstract Humic acid, a soil humic material that occurs widely in soils and waters, can firmly retain or complex certain chlorinated phenoxyacetic and benzoic acids which are widely used as herbicide. The extent of retention depends on the nature of the compound. The latter appeared to be complexed by a mechanism that most likely involves adsorption on large surfaces provided by humic acid in addition to more firmer retention in internal spaces of its structure. The complexing behaviour of humic substances for herbicides should be of interest to those concerned with environmental problems.


The purpose of this article is to find out if there are psychological changes other than cosmetic reasons in choosing a preferred color and shape by visiting a recent nail art store. In previous studies, there were many studies that favored people according to their psychological state, but this study, on the other hand, intends to measure changes in psychological state according to their preferences. Through this, this study aims to find out whether the preference of nail art is acting as a psychological relief medium. As a result of this study, if psychological resolution does not occur, it can not deviate from the main purpose of simple cosmetic. Conversely, if psychological resolution occurs, it means that nail art has an additional function of cosmetic and psychological resolution. In the future, it will be possible to present a standard for diversifying products by suggesting colors and shapes that are helpful for psychological resolution.


In his letter to the Master of the Dominican Order on the occasion of the 800th Dies Natalis of Saint Dominic, Pope Francis praised the School of Salamanca as being "perhaps the finest expression" of the "unity of truth and charity" that he adverted to as the founding inspiration and formative charism of the Order. This article investigates the experience of the School of Salamanca, how its core dynamic termed as the "Salamanca Process" embodies the charism of the Dominican Order, and the ongoing attempt to recover it as a model for the life and mission of Dominicans today as expressed in official documents of the Order, especially in recent General Chapters.


Triiodothyronine (T 3 ) is normally present in human serum, two thirds being a secretory product of thyroid gland and the remaining one third being derived from extrathyroid conversion of thyroxine to T 3 . Serum T 3 determination has become an important factor in the investigation of thyroid physiology and is now available to the clinician in the diagnosis and management of various thyroid disorders. In general, thyrotropinstimulating hormone or thyroxine levels are better diagnostic indexes of hypothyroidism, while T 3 determination is a useful index of thyroid hyperfunction.


Objective:To explore the choice of in vitro fertilization(IVF) method and clinical outcome of patients with few oocytes retrieved.Methods:The data of 807 patients with few oocytes retrieved(≤5) who were treated with IVF-ET were analyzed retrospectively.The clinical outcomes of conventional IVF group and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) group were compared.Results:The normal fertilization rate and utilization rate of embryos in ICSI group were significantly higher than those in conventional IVF group(P0.05),while the rate of multiple PN was significantly lower than that in conventional IVF group(P0.05).There was no significant difference in the rate of high quality embryos,the implantation rate,the pregnancy rate,the cumulative pregnancy rate,the live-birth rate,the cycle cancellation rate and the complete fertilization failure rate between the two groups,but the implantation rate,the pregnancy rate,the cumulative pregnancy rate and the live-birth rate in IVF group were higher than those in ICSI group.Conclusion:When the number of retrieved oocytes is few,ICSI can increase the normal fertilization rate and utilization rate of embryos,reduce the rate of multiple PN,but it can't improve the clinical pregnancy outcome.Thus,ICSI can't optimize the cycles of patients,ICSI is not recommended for the patients with few oocytes retrieved.


On July 11, in Christine Goodwin v. United Kingdom (Application No. 28957/95) and I. v. United Kingdom (Application No. 25680/94), a Grand Chamber of 17 judges of the European Court of Human Rights held unanimously that the United Kingdom's refusal to permit post-operative transsexuals to have their birth certificates amended to reflect their reassigned sex, and to contract different-sex marriages in their reassigned sex, violated Articles 8 (right to respect for private life) and 12 (right to marry) of the European Convention on Human Rights. The two judgments (Goodwin and I. are identical except for the facts) represent a huge victory for the European transsexual rights movement after a struggle of more than three decades against the U.K.'s intransigence, and will apply to 44 European Convention countries with a combined population of over 800,000,000. British transsexual applicants had previously lost before the Court on these issues in Mark Rees v. U.K. (1986) (12–3 on Article 8, 15–0 on Article 12), Caroline Cossey v. U.K. (1990) (10–8 on Article 8, 14–4 on Article 12), and Kristina Sheffield & Rachel Horsham v. U.K. (1998) (11–9 on Article 8, 18–2 on Article 12). (The court's opinion is available on its website.) The Court framed the issue under Article 8 of the Convention as whether the lack of legal recognition given to the applicant's gender reassignment breached the U.K.'s "positive obligation" to ensure respect for her private life. Having found no such breach three times, most recently in 1998, the Court observed both that it would not depart from its precedents "without good reason" and that it would "look at the situation within and outside the [U.K.] to assess 'in the light of present-day conditions' what is now the appropriate interpretation and application of the Convention," which it has described as a "living instrument." The Court then departed from its determination in 1998 that the position in the U.K. (transsexuals are issued new passports and driver's licenses but cannot have their birth certificates amended) did not give rise to "detriment of sufficient seriousness" as to override the U.K.'s "margin of appreciation." Instead, the Court found that "[t]he stress and alienation arising from a discordance between the position in society assumed by a post-operative transsexual and the status imposed by law which refuses to recognise the change of gender cannot be regarded as a minor inconvenience arising from a formality. A conflict between social reality and law arises which places the transsexual in an anomalous position, in which he or she may experience feelings of vulnerability, humiliation and anxiety." Morever, "[w]here a State has authorised the treatment and surgery alleviating the condition of a transsexual, financed or assisted in financing the operations[,] and indeed permits the artificial insemination of a woman living with a female-to-male transsexual , it appears illogical to refuse to recognise the legal implications of the result to which the treatment leads." The Court rejected all of the U.K.'s arguments for maintaining the current system. First, "the ongoing scientific and medical debate as to the exact causes of the condition is of diminished relevance." It is sufficient that gender identity disorder is an internationally recognised medical condition, and that, "given the numerous and painful [surgical] interventions involved and the level of commitment and conviction required to achieve a change in social gender role," there is nothing "arbitrary or capricious" about a transsexual person's decision to undergo gender reassignment. "It is not apparent to the Court that the chromosomal element, amongst all the others, must inevitably take on decisive significance for the purposes of legal attribution of gender identity for transsexuals ." Second, the Court departed from its finding in 1998 that there was insufficient European consensus on the appropriate legal response to gender reassignment. "The Court attaches less importance to the lack of evidence of a common European approach to the resolution of the legal and practical problems posed [there is still no European consensus as to the details], than to the clear and uncontested evidence of a continuing international trend in favour not only of increased social acceptance of transsexuals but of legal recognition of the new sexual identity of postoperative transsexuals [the European and international trend is to grant legal recognition, even if the details may vary]." Third, the historical nature of the U.K.'s birth register system was no longer decisive, given the existing exceptions in relation to legitimization or adoption of children, the small number of transsexuals, the absence of concrete evidence of likely prejudice to third parties, and the U.K.'s own proposals to reform the system. The Court found a violation of Article 8, concluding that the U.K. (which had been chastised by the Court in 1998 for failing to keep this area under review but still had no plans to change the law four years later) "can no longer claim that the matter falls within their margin of appreciation, save as regards the appropriate means of achieving recognition of the right [consequences in relation to access to records, family law, affiliation, inheritance, criminal justice, employment, social security and insurance].... In the twenty-first century the right of transsexuals to personal development and to physical and moral security in the full sense enjoyed by others in society cannot be regarded as a matter of controversy requiring the lapse of time to cast clearer light on the issues involved. In short, the unsatisfactory situation in which post-operative transsexuals live in an intermediate zone as not quite one gender or the other is no longer sustainable." The Court also found a violation of Article 12 ("Men and women of marriageable age have the right to marry and to found a family, according to the national laws governing the exercise of this right."), departing from its statement in 1998 that "the right to marry guaranteed by Article 12 refers to the traditional marriage between persons of opposite biological sex" and that "Article 12 is mainly concerned to protect marriage as the basis of the family." Instead, the Court observed that, "[r]eviewing the situation in 2002, Article 12 secures the fundamental right of a man and woman to marry and to found a family. The second aspect is not however a condition of the first and the inability of any couple to conceive or parent a child cannot be regarded as per se removing their right to enjoy the first limb of this provision." Similarly, "[t]he Court is not persuaded that at the date of this case it can still be assumed that these terms ['men' and 'women' in Article 12] must refer to a determination of gender by purely biological criteria . There have been major social changes in the institution of marriage since the adoption of the Convention as well as dramatic changes brought about by developments in medicine and science in the field of transsexuality. The Court would also note that Article 9 of the recently adopted Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union departs, no doubt deliberately, from the wording of Article 12 of the Convention in removing the reference to men and women [from the right to marry] ." Lesbian/Gay Law Notes September 2002 131


Our intention was to use this clinical forum to start a dialogue regarding the multitude of discourse outcome measures currently used in studies of aphasia. Based on the commentary papers, it is ob...


enon: Before modern usage contorted it into a synonym for virtually all forms of urban development, gentrification referred to the transformation of older urban neighborhoods, largely through the process of rehabilitation (rather than clearance and new construction) and mostly by middle-class do-it-yourselfers. Moreover, by tracing Lincoln Park's history back to the 1920s, Hertz deflates the widely held misconception that American gentrification first appeared in the 1960s and 1970s. Indeed, its origins date considerably earlier. Disappointingly, The Battle of Lincoln Park lacks illustrations or maps, leaving readers clueless about Lincoln Park's physiography and spatial dimensions. Tables or graphs are absent and textual statistics are thus orphaned from their larger numerical contexts. Citations and an index are missing, complicating readers' efforts to evaluate sources and negotiate the text. In addition, related issues, such as the growing civil rights movement, minority group radicalization, and 1960s episodes of violent civil unrest, are largely unaccounted for in the book. Notwithstanding these omissions, Hertz deserves credit for documenting that some urban renewal neighborhoods underwent a somewhat different transformation than that described in Herbert Gans's groundbreaking study of Boston's West End, The Urban Villagers (Gans, 1982). Academics, practitioners, and policy analysts may find The Battle a valuable resource offering a painstakingly detailed account of the complex dynamics of urban decline and revitalization up to the 1970s. Clearly, many of those insights are still relevant in the age of neoliberalism.


Lower Back Pain (LBP) is a disease that needs immediate attention. Person with back pain shall go immediately to doctor for treatment. Injury, excessive works and some medical conditions are result of back pain. Back pain is common to any age of human for different reasons. Due to factors such as previous occupation and degenerative disk disease the chance of developing lower back pain increases for older people. It hampers the working condition of people common reason for seeking medical treatment. The result is absence from work and is unable to normal due to pain. It creates uncomfortable and debilitating situations. Hence, detecting this disease at an early stage will assist the medical field experts to suggest counter measures to the patients. Detection of lower back pain is implemented in this paper by applying ensemble machine learning technique. This paper proposes Stacking ensemble classifier as an automated tool that will predict lower back pain tendency of a patient. Experimental result implies that the proposed method reaches an accuracy of 76.34%, f1-score of 0.76 and MSE of 0.34.


Background. The purpose was stratification of factors that lead to the chronicity of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system in children, as well as creation of a mathematical model for predicting their course. Materials and methods. The research group consisted of 97 children (average age — 10.0 ± 1.3 years). The main group was divided into subgroups: the first one — 43 children with acute urinary tract infections (UTIs), the second one — 34 patients with chronic UTIs. The control group consisted of 20 conditionally healthy children. The content of 1,25(OH)2D3, vitamin D-binding protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), cystatin C, cathelicidin, hepcidin, lactoferrin, interleukins 6, 15 was investigated by immunoenzymatic analysis. The impact of factor characteristics on the process of UTI chronicity was evaluated using factor and cluster analyses. A logistic regression equation was used to predict the probability of developing chronic UTIs. The quality of the constructed model was assessed by its sensitivity and specificity, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was also used. Results. It was found that 6 factors had the greatest significance: the factor of functional disorders of the urinary tract, the factor of comorbid conditions, the protective factor, the immune factor, chronic foci of the disease, and the NOS2 factor. According to the results of logistic regression, the model for predicting the probability of developing chronic UTI in children had the form of an equation that included 6 variables (early manifestation of the disease, vitamin D level, vesicoureteral reflux, dysmetabolic nephropathy, neurogenic bladder, UTI in the mother in childhood). The classification ability of the model was determined based on the data of the training sample and was 75.0 %. The sensitivity of the model was 78.3 %, and the specificity was 76.5 %. The area under the ROC curve that corresponded to our mathematical model was equal to 0.776. The Gini index was 55.2 %, which corresponds to the good quality of the model. Conclusions. The process of chronicity of the inflammatory process in the urinary system in children occurs under the conditions of the interaction of some pathological factors. The leading risk factors for the chronicity of the inflammatory process are the presence of functional disorders of the urinary tract, early manifestation of the disease, the level of vitamin D, intestinal dysfunction, and the presence of UTI in the mother in childhood.


An 89-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of a painful erythematous swelling of the left knee. It had been unresponsive to multiple courses of oral and intravenous antibiotics for presumed cellulitis. The patient's medical history included congestive cardiac failure, chronic renal disease, atrial fibrillation, subtotal thyroidectomy and a left knee titanium replacement in 1993. On physical examination, an indurated erythematous plaque was seen over the medial left knee with associated nonpitting oedema and increased temperature (Fig. 1). There was also an erythematous plaque inferolateral to the left knee, with a central sinus oozing serosanguinous fluid. A skin biopsy was obtained from the affected area for histopathological analysis and bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal culture. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the left knee and ultrasonography-guided aspiration of the left knee was also performed.


This volume represents the proceedings of the 37th Annual Workshop of the Austrian Association for Pattern Recognition (\"OAGM/AAPR), held May 23-24, 2013, in Innsbruck, Austria.


The cesium vanadium phosphate Cs[V III 2 (PO 4 )(HPO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] (1) and the potassium vanadium phosphate K[(V IV O)V III (HPO 4 ) 3 (H 2 O) 2 ] (2) have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray methods. Green phosphate 1 is monoclinic, space group P2 1 /a, with a=10.004(1) A, b=17.812(3) A, c=6.370(2) A, β=97.02(2) o , and Z=4, while green phosphate 2 is monoclinic, space group P2 1 /n, with a=6.399(3) A, b=10.275(2) A, c=17.810(2) A, β=96.12(2) o , and Z=4


Thomas Hughes is widely known and admired in the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) for his many contributions to the history of technology. He was one of the founding members of the Society for the History of Technology (SHOT) and of its journal, Technology and Culture. That was during the late 1950s, when work in the field followed an internalist paradigm that paid scant attention to the social, political, and cultural contexts of technology. The name of the SHOT journal immediately signaled that a shift to an emphasis on context was afoot. Subsequent research, under the banner of 'contextualism', demonstrated that technology was not simply 'applied science' and that its development was not 'autonomous' from culture and society. Hughes' most famous contribution to this new research agenda is the analysis of electrification in his book Networks of Power (1983). Locating electrical technologies in context, Hughes advanced an analysis of how both human and technological elements were bound together in 'systems'. The most enduring theoretical concept to come out of this work is that of 'technological momentum', a concept that captures the durability and inertia of largescale socio-technical orderings, as well as their momentum and trajectories, without lapsing into either determinism or idealism. As an act of remembering, the essays in Technologies of Power are written in honor of Thomas Hughes and his wife Agatha Chipley. As an act of looking forward, they constitute an appeal to historians, exhorting them to recognize that the history of technology can no longer be consigned to a peripheral corner of their discipline. Many of the essays in the collection open with this explicit critique. Edmund Todd, for instance, finds it


Abstract A study was conducted to compare two methods for analysis of functional groups in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated in the laboratory and organic aerosol collected in the Southeastern Oxidants and Aerosol Study (SOAS). Although not as widely used as molecular and elemental analysis, functional group analysis of filter samples provides chemically specific information that can be used to characterize organic aerosol sources, mechanisms of formation, and physical-chemical properties. Here, we compared measurements made using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the most widely used method of functional group analysis, with those made using derivatization-spectrophotometric methods. When used to analyze SOA generated from a series of environmental chamber reactions, the methods agreed quite well when results were assigned to four groups: (1) functional groups that contain an O–H bond; (2) non-acid functional groups containing a C = O moiety; (3) organonitrate groups; and (4) alkane groups. Overall, the agreement between the two methods indicates that either is adequate for measuring the functional group composition of SOA. While the derivitization-spectrophotometric methods offer more specificity, they also require more time and aerosol mass for sample analysis than the FTIR methods. It was also shown that functional group signatures obtained from SOA generated in environmental chambers can potentially be used to gain insight into oxidation and particle-phase reactions responsible for SOA formation in field samples. Copyright © 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research


Distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasers, especially those with gain-coupled (GC) mechanisms, are studied. A GaAlAs/GaAs multi-quantum well GC-DFB laser with a loss grating is fabricated using MBE for the first time. A 1.3 µm InGaAsP/InP DFB laser with a loss grating and one with a gain grating formed by injected carriers are developed by LPE and MOVPE, respectively. GC-DFB lasers monolithically integrated with electroabsorption modulator is studied systematically for the first time. A novel integrated device structure is proposed and fabricated successfully.


Bioassay directed isolation of secondary metabolites from the rhizomes of Zingiber montanum (Fam. Zingiberaceae) led to the isolation of mono-, sesqui-, and di-terpenes. The compounds were characterized as (E)-8(17),12-labdadiene-15,16-dial (1), zerumbol (2), zerumbone (3), buddledone A (4), furanodienone (5), germacrone (6), borneol (7), and camphor (8) by analysing one-dimensional (1D) (1H and 13C) and two-dimensional (2D) (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) NMR data and mass spectra. Among these terpenes, compounds 1 and 2 revealed potential antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values 32–128 µg/mL; 0.145–0.291 mM)) against a series of clinical isolates of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).


Ferroelectric domains were investigated using piezoresponse force microscopy in superlattices composed of multiferroic BiFeO3 and SrTiO3 layers. Compared to single BiFeO3 thin films, a reduction in the domains size and a suppression of the in-plane orientation of domains are observed in a superlattice of (BiFeO3)4(SrTiO3)8, suggesting a constrained ferroelectric domain orientation along the out-of-plane ⟨001⟩ direction. Such modification of domain size and orientation in BiFeO3-based heterostructures could play a vital role on engineering the domains and domain wall mediated functional properties necessary for device applications.


Although basal ganglia disorders are commonly not associated with sensory deficits on clinical examination, a nurnber of reports have been published which reported changes of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in these diseases. In Huntington's disease parietal potentials N20 and P25 as well as frontal potentials P22 and N30 are significantly diminished. Frontal N30 was also found to be diminshed in Parkinson's disease. The diminution of N30 can be reversed by the application of dopamine-agonists such as apomorphine. These findings in Parkinsonian patients could not, however, be replicated by all groups. In patients with progressive supranuclear palsy and in patients with torti-coiiis spasmodicus a reduction of frontal N30 has also been found. In patients with other types of dystonia. however. an increase in the amplitude of N30 has been reported. There has been a long-standing controversy concerning the generator of N30 which has not been resolved yet. In animal experiments a toxic lesion restricted to the basal gangiia has been found to be sufficient to diminish SEP amplitudes. So regardless of the underlying generators it can be assumed that basal gan-giia dysfunction is associated with a modulation of somatosensory processing.


OBJECTIVES
This study examined whether health care expenditures and usage by the frail elderly differ under three payor/provider types: Medicare fee for service, Medicare health maintenance organization (HMO), and dual Medicare-Medicaid enrollment.

METHODS
In-home interviews were conducted among 450 frail elderly patients of a San Diego, Calif, health care system. Cost and use data were collected from providers.

RESULTS
Analyses revealed no difference in total expenditures between fee-for-service and HMO enrollees, but Medicare-Medicaid beneficiaries' expenditures were 46.8% higher than those for HMO enrollees and 52.2% higher than those for the fee-for-service group. Fee-for-service participants were less than half as likely as HMO enrollees to have two or more hospital admissions, but hospital usage rates between those two payor/provider groups did not differ. Not were there payor/provider differences in access to home health care, but HMO home health care users received significantly fewer services than the others.

CONCLUSIONS
The care provided to these HMO beneficiaries resulted in a combination of restricted home health use and higher multiple hospitalizations. This raises compelling questions for future research. For the dually enrolled, stronger cost containment may be required.


resonant of the pattern of vectors to which physicists had reduced the con ceptual image of matter. Freed of the tyranny of the carved stone, these tenuous segments began to move. Calder's mobiles made for a spectacular initiation of kinetic art. This is where Rickey entered the stage. But whereas Calder's mobiles, sus pended from the ceiling, were all but independent of the force of gravity and essentially an indoor play of formal re lations, Rickey is very much an outdoor person, conscious of the pervasive pull of gravity and of the motor power of the wind. His art depicts the interaction between the human sense of orderly form and the autonomous forces of na ture. Its outcome remains always partly uncontrollable and unpredictable. His figures are rooted in the ground and subjected to the constant attraction of gravity, but their teams of slight ten tacles reach actively into space and swing in horizontal rotations to the im pulses of the wind. Rickey works with ribbons and sheets of steel. He has experimented with solid planes and boxes, but tends to prefer the mere outlines of shapes, which avoid the clumsier resistance of solids and create transparent space. They do not block the view of what is behind them. "Blades in diverse con figurations," says Rickey, "follow a kind of kinetic drawing in space, first planar, then defining volume—space cut up by lines, pierced by lines, limited by lines" (p. 324). This creates a delicate art, re sponsive like the foliage of trees to the slightest movement in its surroundings. But the incorporeal quality of these sculptures also creates a problem, when they are combined with architecture. A recent work, which serves as a frontis piece for the present book, reaches to ward die sky as a zigzag lightning of steel rods, 6 meters high, in front of two very bulky buildings on the central square of West Berlin. Is this slender piece of sophisticated intelligence really hefty enough to respond as a partner to the buildings, as did traditional statues? George Rickey in Berlin, 1967-1992-was published bilingually for the occasion of the artist's eighty-fifth birthday. Rickey has been a favorite of Berlin's art world since he arrived diere as a visiting artist in 1967. Particularly in the pre-unification years, the city preserved some of the old-fashioned virtues Rickey cherishes. As die grandson of a watchand clockmaker who grew up in a small town in Massachusetts, he much appreciates Berlin's blacksmiths and plumbers, craftsmen of the traditional sort, who are willing to handle unusual challenges. The book collects a number of helpful writings by Rickey himself, testimonials by German artists and critics, and die catalogue of die large exhibition that paid tribute to the American artist.


Since the beginning of the 20th century, the development of new methods in the field of library and information science have been characterised by the influence of electronic data processing. The new services were corresponding with the latest technological innovations: beginning with literature search based on magnetic tapes and the development of magnetic drums and magnetic disks led to online-hosts which are still an important part of library services. Beginning with the 1960s, publishers of printed indexes began to use data processing in order to compile the indexes automatically and aggregate them quarterly, half-yearly, or annually. At the same time, NASA contracted the company Lockheed with the development of a technical documentation in order to prepare the landing on the moon. As a by-product of these activities, magnetic tapes occurred that could be searched sequentially. In Austria, the Institute for Automatic Documentation in Graz developed own database programs. At the end of the 1960s, the content of these tapes was inverted and divided into linear and inverse data. These databases could be retrieved externally via data cables. Dialog, a department of Lockheed, became independent, provided services for external clients, and established additional hosts. In 1975, the first U.S. libraries began to use this service, and in 1978 Austrian libraries became clients. The information agencies at these libraries were the only places at the universities with online access to the databases. Beginning with 1988, CD-ROM databases entered the market; beginning with 1995 they were also represented in the World Wide Web. 1997 was the starting year for publishers' platforms (Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, etc.), where the content was documented and full texts could be downloaded. Libraries and information centres have used them increasingly.