We tested whether food habits of Bubo owls were more similar among mediterranean-type ecosystems (shrublands in Chile, Spain, and California) as compared to those in a different ecosystem (a grassland in Colorado). To do this, we estimated the diet diversity at both the class and species level of mammalian prey, and the mean weight of mammalian prey in the diet. These owls in all four areas did not differ markedly in their diet composition; they all preyed heavily on rabbits, little on mammals weighing less than 20 g, and somewhat on other vertebrates as well as large invertebrates. They did, however, differ in their diet diversity. At the class level of prey selection, Spanish Bubo were most diverse and Colorado Bubo the least (a three-fold difference). At the mammalian species level, Spanish Bubo were the least diverse and both Chilean and Californian Bubo the most diverse (about 2.6 times higher). These owls also differed markedly in the mean weight of mammal prey in their diet. Spanish Bubo had the highest mean value, whereas California Bubo took mammals on average almost six times smaller. Weights of available categories of mammal prey did not differ among regions. Differences in the weights of prey taken by owls apparently reflect differential abundance of local mammals. The owl assemblages in the four regions are similar in both taxonomic composition and configuration of owl sizes. Sympatric Athene and Tyto owls do not closely parallel the dietary trends seen in Bubo. Owls of the genus Bubo are nearly cosmopolitan, being found everywhere except in the Australian region and on southwest Pacific islands, where they are replaced by Ninox owls, and in the arctic, where their place is taken by Nyctea scandiaca (Grossman and Hamlet 1964, Burton 1973). In North and South America the genus Bubo is represented by the Great Homed Owl (B. virginianus), whose distribution ranges from central Canada and Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. This owl occurs in boreal forests, deciduous woodlands, shrublands, deserts, rainforests, and mountainous regions (Humphrey et al. 1970, Burton 1973). The Eagle Owl (B. bubo), the Old World equivalent of the Great Homed Owl, is widely distributed throughout most of Eurasia, south to the southern edge of the Sahara, to Arabia, Iran, India and southern China. The Eagle Owl occupies a variety of environments similar to its New World congener (Grossman and Hamlet 1964, Burton 1973). Of the ecosystems where Bubo owls occur, few (if any) have been subjected to closer scrutiny than the mediterranean-type shrublands of Chile, California, and the Mediterranean Basin (di Castri and Mooney 1973, Mooney 1977, Thrower and Bradbury 1977, Cody and Mooney 1978). The resulting studies have shown convergence in many ecological attributes of these ecosystems, ranging from vegetational physiognomy to structure of different p ant and animal communities. Herrera and Jaksik (1980), Jaksik and Marti (1981), and Jaksik et al. (1982) showed that size configuration and taxonomic composition of owl assemblages are closely parallel in Chile, Spain, and California, thus providing a framework for comparative studies of the ecology of owl species in these mediterranean-type regions. Three owl genera are present in all three regions: Athene, Tyto, and Bubo. Jaksik and Marti (1981) compared the food habits of Burrowing Owls (A. cunicularia) in Chile and California with those of Little Owls (A. noctua) in Spain, and Jaksik et al. (1982) made a similar study of Barn Owls (T. alba) in these three countries. We here complete our ecological survey by analyzing the food habits of Bubo owls in the mediterranean-type shrublands of Chile, Spain, and California. We synthesized and quantified data from many sources on the food habits of the Pacific Great Homed Owl (B. virginianus pacificus), and the European Eagle Owl (B. bubo bubo) in Spain. Also, we gathered more dietary information (additional to that reported by Jaksit and Ydfiez 1980) for Tucuiquere Great Homed


Alan Moore of Avoca witnessed the horror of war as an Australian WWII artist, and recently celebrated his 100th birthday.


The article is devoted to the consideration of new technologies for influencing the consciousness of Russian youth in the process of forming the image of both their country and other countries of the post-Soviet space. The most relevant example for considering the issue should be considered the situation with the development of integration processes between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, which have been going on for more than 20 years. A new generation of young people with a new mentality and value-oriented hightech era has grown over this period. The attitude of new youth (millennials) towards integration processes in the post-Soviet space requires other technologies more appropriate to the era; Priorities are those technologies that can take into account the youth's tendency to visual perception and the possibility of convergent media reality.


The continuous tetrational function ${^x}r=\tau(r,x)$, the unique solution of equation $\tau(r,x)=r^{\tau(r,x-1)}$ and its differential equation $\tau'(r,x) =q \tau(r,x) \tau'(r,x-1)$, is given explicitly as ${^x}r=\exp_{r}^{\lfloor x \rfloor+1}[\{x\}]_q$, where $x$ is a real variable called height, $r$ is a real constant called base, $\{x\}=x-\lfloor x \rfloor$ is the sawtooth function, $\lfloor x \rfloor$ is the floor function of $x$, and $[\{x\}]_q=(q^{\{x\}}-1)/(q-1)$ is a q-analog of $\{x\}$ with $q=\ln r$, respectively. Though ${^x}r$ is continuous at every point in the real $r-x$ plane, extensions to complex heights and bases have limited domains. The base $r$ can be extended to the complex plane if and only if $x\in \mathbb{Z}$. On the other hand, the height $x$ can be extended to the complex plane at $\Re(x)\notin \mathbb{Z}$. Therefore $r$ and $x$ in ${^x}r$ cannot be complex values simultaneously. Tetrational laws are derived based on the explicit formula of ${^x}r$.


A 21-year-old male baseball catcher sustained an injury to the right testicle from a foul ball that ricocheted from the ground to his groin. The athlete was removed from competition when testicular pain began to increase. Ice was applied to the affected area and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were utilized through the evening. Further diagnosis and treatment were warranted the following morning. Diagnostic ultrasound revealed a fracture to the right testicle, necessitating surgical repair. The athlete followed a return-to-play progression and returned to play 20 days postinjury. This case describes evaluation and treatment of a rare acute condition and the need for early recognition and diagnosis.


The aim of my diploma thesis was to evaluate the actual position in the company NIKA, Ltd. and on that ground to elaborate the marketing plan outgoing from the exigences of the company. I executed the theoretical information from the field of marketing planning and leading to create the marketing plan for the year 2007. I defined single steps to map the po-sition of the company on the pedestal of the situational analysis and I formulated the theo-retical starting points for processing the marketing research, which formed a ground to cre-ate the project of marketing plan of the company. I made situational analysis of the company and I analyzed the level of the marketing activi-ties in the practical part. On that ground I worked in the project of marketing plan with the cost and risk analysis. In the conclusion of my thesis I interpreted achieved results and there are some recommendations for the improvement of situation in the company and also for all abonents taking part on the market.


We study photonic band gaps in a one-dimensional optical lattice of laser-cooled trapped atoms. We solve for the self-consistent equilibrium positions of the atoms, accounting for the backaction of the atoms on the trapping beams. This solution depends strongly on the sign of the trapping laser detuning. For red-detuned trapping lasers, the resulting lattice exhibits a one-dimensional photonic band gap for frequencies between the trapping laser frequency and the atomic resonance. For blue detuning the stop band extends symmetrically about resonance, typically for hundreds of atomic linewidths, except for the small region between atomic resonance and the lattice frequency, which is excluded. We calculate the reflection spectrum for a lattice of Cs atoms for various trapping laser detunings and interpret its behavior as a function of the lattice size and density. For a mean density of ${10}^{11}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$, and 1000 planes, 55% reflection of a weak probe beam should be observed. We also consider Bragg scattering in a three-dimensional optical lattice as a means of probing the long-range order in the atomic density correlation function.


A 52-year-old woman was seen in the thyroid clinic at this hospital because of a mass in the neck. The patient had been well until 2.5 months before presentation, when she noted a mass in the right side of her neck and felt a lump in her throat when swallowing. She was seen by her primary care physician. She had a history of myxomatous mitral valve with regurgitation, cardiac arrhythmias (atrial premature complexes and ventricular premature contractions), ovarian cysts, and anxiety; she had had a total hysterectomy and right salpingo-oophorectomy for uterine fibroids. She drank alcohol in moderation and did not smoke or use illicit drugs. Medications included atenolol, lisinopril, fluoxetine, calcium carbonate, a multivitamin, and amoxicillin before dental work. She had no known allergies. She was married, had no children, and worked in an office. Her father had hypothyroidism, an aunt had a goiter, and a sister had an unspecified thyroid problem; her other siblings were healthy. On examination, the blood pressure was 128/74 mm Hg, the pulse 66 beats per minute, the weight 66.7 kg, and the height 165.1 cm. A nodule was palpable in the thyroid on the right side; there was no palpable lymphadenopathy. A grade 2/6 systolic murmur was heard at the apex. The remainder of the examination was normal. The blood level of thyrotropin was 1.74 μU per milliliter (reference range, 0.40 to 5.00). Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland revealed a heterogeneous, hypoechoic nodule (42 mm by 32 mm by 26 mm) in the midpole of the right lobe. The nodule had lobulated margins, scattered central calcification, and mild central blood flow. A solid, hypoechoic nodule (24 mm by 19 mm by 34 mm), posterior and inferior to the first nodule, contained several foci of punctate calcifications. An enlarged lymph node in the lower cervical region (level 4) on the right side of the neck had abnormal internal architecture and contained microcalcifications. The patient was referred to the thyroid clinic at this hospital. She reported a mild cough productive of yellow phlegm, occasional palpitations, and a timbre of her voice that was lower than usual, which she attributed to a recent upper respiratory infection. She had no history of radiation to the head or neck. Vital signs were


Liju Yang, Xuanhong Cheng, Yi-Shao Liu, and Rashid Bashir Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Program of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801


Six molar urea in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels altered the relative electrophoretic mobility of several soybean protein subunits. Glycinin acidic polypeptide components A(3) and A(4) could be resolved from the other acidic polypeptides. A variant of the delta' subunit of beta-conglycinin was identified.


A method of shadowing samples directly within the electron microscope has been developed in this Laboratory. This method, which uses thallium chloride immersed in distilled water as the shadowing material, is much less time consuming than is the usual method that involves high‐vacuum metal evaporation; the results obtained are not of the same high quality as those of the usual method, but the time saving often justifies the method. Polystyrene Latex (batch No. 580) is introduced on the specimen screen, to provide an internal calibration standard; this standard makes it possible to measure the angle of shadowing.


The author discusses the investigation of mine-out area in molybdenum deposit,through the multi-electrode resistivity imaging method and seismic profiles interpretation.Based on the distribution of the mine-out(areas),the author calculates the safety thickness of interval layers in the deposit.It is of great value to the safety mining to apply the above-mentioned method.


The invention relates to a composite rotor blade, e.g., helicopter. According to the invention the blade spar stub is one of the rear fairing structure elements, the rear fairing covering elements then being attached during final assembly between said heel and cap. In addition, the spar, the spar stub and the cap have substantially identical lengths in the spanwise direction to form together the foot end of the blade. This provision allows both to reduce the cost by reducing the number of necessary subassemblies and ensure better transmission of the load.


The study examined the relationship between smartphone usage and perceived stress among employees. According to the hypothesis, there would be a correlation between increasingly work-related smartphone usage and increased perception of stress, especially when the use were perceived to interfere spare time. A webb-survey that measured the amplitude and nature of smartphone usage in relation to Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, and Mermelstein, 1983) were answered by a total of 154 employees recruited from the private and public sectors. The results suggested that increased perception of stress was related with increased smartphone usage, whether it was work-related or private-related, and especially if the usage perceived to interfere spare time. Since the work-related usage specifically didn´t correlate with the perception of stress the hypothesis where only partially supported. Use that could be related to increased stress was SMS- and MMS-messaging, and the use of internet and mobile application usage. However, there was no association between increased e-mail usage and an increased perception of stress, since those who were the least stressed actually used e-mail more often, which is inconsistent with previous research that indicates the opposite (Middleton & Cukier, 2006; Elworthy, 2010). The study has contributed with knowledge of smartphone usage and how it can be handled by employees, organizations and companies to reduce the perception of stress.


: Since ancient days, herbal medicines are serving humankind. Consequently, most therapeutic agents developed are of plant origin. Senna auriculata is highly valued in Indian drugs for managing painful inflammation and diabetes. This study aimed to measure the anti-inflammatory potential of Senna auriculata leaf extract. The anti-arthritis activity was evaluated using Inhibition % of paw edema, Haemoglobin Estimation, C-reactive protein (CRP) detection, and radiography. The % of inhibition was compared with the standard drug. Phytochemical investigation indicates the presence of various phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids


täqebay, qeb (140) should be wäld lälihu qäba'i, täqäba'i, qeb'. See also pages 175–178, where only two out of nine are correctly transcribed. "Piccador in EA vol. 1, pp. 920–1" should be "Piaccadori in EA vol. 3, pp. 921–2." What was published in Hamburg is not Encyclopedia (e.g. 4 and 259), but Encyclopaedia. "Much of the recent scholarship about the church has been written by scholars who have been associated with Catholic and Evangelical churches" (5). It seems the author knows mainly about them. Native members of the clergy have written extensively about their church at all ages, and the respected European writers on Ethiopia depended on those writings. For example, Ignazio Guidi, Carlo Conti Rossini, Sebastian Euringer, Kurt Wendt, Enrico Cerulli, Yaqob Beyene, Alessandro Bausi, Tedros Abraha, and this reviewer, to mention only a few, have published their works on theological issues the church grappled with through the centuries. Today, the product becomes deficient if one writes about the Ethiopian Orthodox Church without referencing them. Had Binns incorporated them, he could have avoided the gross error of calling "the sägga lijj (sic) . . . a clearly onenature Christology, affirming the position of Alexandria" (150). Lastly, it should be noted that none of this book's endorsers are known as experts in the field.


The presence of spiral-shaped bacteria on human gastric mucosa was first recognized nearly one hundred years ago (Pel, 1913). These bacteria were originally named Campylobacter pylori (C. pylori) (Warren, 1983). In 1989, a new genus, Helicobacter, was proposed, and C. pylori was renamed Helicobacter pylori (Goodwin et al., 1989). Recently (Garrity et al., 2005), the genus Helicobacter has been included with the genus Wolinella in the family Helicobacteraceae which, with the family Campylobacteraceae, constitutes the Epsilonproteobacteria. Over the past 20 years, 23 Helicobacter species have been validated, and two candidates and several strains are awaiting official classification (Table 1.1). According to the usual site of colonization, Helicobacter species can be divided into gastric and enteric or enterohepatic Helicobacter types. Some gastric Helicobacter species from animals can infect humans: H. bizzozeroni, H. salomonis, H. felis, H. candidates, H. suis. Bacausee they are extremely difficult to grow in cultures, the exact speciation is usually not done, and they are known as "Gastrospirullum hominis" or "H. heilmannii" (De Groote et al., 2005).


The results of the R.F. system development are presented. A complete power plant has been tested on a dummy load. The cavity feedthrough has been developed and the progress work on the accelerating cavity is described. All the prototypes of the components (circulator, 6 l/S" cables, directional couplers, etc) , which are foreseen for the definitive installation in the storage ring, have been tested at full output power with satisfactory results. This power plant will be used as a test facility for the measurement of all the components before their installation in the machine. I. NIR~DUCTI~N B. RF Cavity. ELETTRA is a Synchrotron Light Source under construction in Trieste (Italy) working with beam energies in the range from 1.5 and 2 GeV. It will be constituted of a full cncrgy linac directly injecting the electrons in the storage ring. Four cavities at 1.5 GeV (six at 2 GeV) operating at 499.654 MHz will be installed in the storage ring [l]. Each one will be fed by a separate independent plant providing up to 60 KW cw RF power (fig. 1).


The present status of knowledge concerning the impulsive and the continuous emission of solar gamma rays and neutrons is reviewed in ihe light of the recent solar activity in early August 1972. The gamma-ray spectrometer on OSO-7 has observed the Sun continuously for most of the activity period except for occultation by the Earth. In association with the 2B flare on August 4, 1972 and the 3B flare on August 7, 1972, the monitor provides evidence for solar gamma- ray line emission in ine energy range from 300 keV io 10 MeV. A summary of all the results available from preliminary analysis of the daia is given. Significant improvements in future experiments can be made with more sensitive instruments and more extensive time coverage of the Sun. (auth) (STAR)


The internship was conducted at Susianto Accounting Public Firm in accounting
division. During the internship, the tasks performed were comparing Working
Balance Sheet (WBS) and Working Profit and Loss (WPL) with final report; Make
summary of acounting policies in notes to financial statement; Preparing ledger;
Checking final report; Make voucher; Make summary of staff salary and PPh
pasal 21; Stock Opname; Checking voucher with general ledger; Input Value
Added Tax; Input PPh pasal 21; Fill Surat Setoran Pajak (SSP) Pajak pasal 25
Orang Pribadi (OP), Penghasilan (PPh) Pasal 21, SSP PPh final pasal 4 ayat 2
and SSP PPN.
During the internship, most of the tasks can be executed properly. There
are some problem such as incompatibility between WBS and WPL with final
report. The company must update the WBS and WPL if any change in adjustment
journal or other, so WBS and WPL compatible with final report. The good
documentation procedures and precautionary principle can help company to
ensure recording transaction that contributes the accuracy and reliability of
accounting records.


This paper explores citizenship education in Egypt in the context of its current experience in liberal democratic change, especially after the amendment of Egypt's constitution, in March 2007, to include the principle of citizenship in its first article. The paper begins with exploring the meaning of citizenship, the relationship between citizenship and liberal democratic change and the emergence of citizenship education in traditional western democracies. Then it describes the Egyptian case in citizenship education with reference to its modern historical background. Finally it analyzes the effects of political, economic, and social circumstances in Egypt on citizenship education. The study shows that there is awareness of the importance of preparing good citizens for a new democratic society in Egypt; but citizenship education is still marginalized. Resume Cet article explore l'enseignement de la citoyennete en Egypte lors du changement democratique liberal survenu apres l'amendement de la Constitution egyptienne en mars 2007 qui a inclus les principes de la citoyennete dans son premier article. Cet article commence tout d'abord par explorer ce que citoyennete veut dire. Il cherche ensuite a analyser la relation qui existe entre citoyennete et changement democratique liberal et enfin a examiner l'emergence de l'enseignement dans les democraties occidentales traditionnelles. Il decrit par la suite le cas de l'enseignement de la citoyennete en Egypte tout en se basant sur ses origines historiques modernes. Il analyse enfin l'influence des circonstances politiques, economiques et sociales egyptiennes sur l'education de la citoyennete. Cette etude demontre l'existence d'une reelle conscience quant a l'importance de preparer de bons citoyens pour l'avenir de la nouvelle societe egyptienne, bien que cette education soit encore tres marginalisee. INTRODUCTION Citizenship is a deceptive word and a concept whose meaning can never be decisively fixed; it is a subject of debate and disagreement. It is a political word in the broad sense, since it is connected with questions of governance, identity, equity and justice; especially in any society, which aspires to be democratic, where citizens participate in deciding the shape of their society and govern themselves (Osborne, 2001). The legal meaning of citizenship relates to formal membership in the nation-state, membership that carries with it a bundle of rights along with certain duties and responsibilities. The legal meaning of citizenship provides one of its dimensions; but it is a starting point for any analysis of the concept (Smith,


Context. Large surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey have made large amounts of spectroscopic and photometric data of galaxies available, thereby providing important information for studying galaxy evolution in dense environments. Aims. We have selected a sample of 88 nearby (z 800 km s −1 ). However, the local environment could play a key role in the galaxy evolution for low-mass clusters.


THE notes upon Natural History Societies which have already appeared in these columns* would be very incomplete unless some reference were made in connection with them to the subject of local Museums. We would by no means have it inferred that a Museum should be looked upon as an essential adjunct to every local society; nor would we urge upon any such body the formation of a Museum, unless the society was in a position to warrant the supposition that, if once started, there would be every probability that it would be kept up; but, at the same time it must be admitted that a well-arranged collection of objects in connection with the more important of our Field-clubs, especially such as are far from London or some other centre, would be extremely useful.


In high-dimensional and complex metric spaces, determining the nearest neighbor (NN) of a query object q can be a very expensive task, because of the poor partitioning operated by index structures-the so-called "curse of dimensionality". This also affects approximately correct (AC) algorithms, which return as results a point whose distance from q is less than (1+/spl epsiv/) times the distance between q and its true NN. In this paper we introduce a new approach to approximate similarity search, called PAC-NN queries, where the error bound /spl epsiv/ can be exceeded with probability /spl delta/ and both /spl epsiv/ and /spl delta/ parameters can be tuned at query time to trade the quality of the result for the cost of the search. We describe sequential and index-based PAC-NN algorithms that exploit the distance distribution of the query object in order to determine a stopping condition that respects the error bound. Analysis and experimental evaluation of the sequential algorithm confirm that, for moderately large data sets and suitable /spl epsiv/ and /spl delta/ values, PAC-NN queries can be efficiently solved and the error controlled. Then, we provide experimental evidence that indexing can further speed-up the retrieval process by up to 1-2 orders of magnitude without giving up the accuracy of the result.


The present invention relates to flame retardant does not comprise a halogenated compound and a transparent thermoplastic composition comprising a polyamide block graft copolymer of a polyolefin backbone and on average at least one polyamide graft composition. According to the invention by having a graft material can be attached to the backbone with an unsaturated functional monomer functional group reactive polyamide (X), residue of the unsaturated monomer (X) via which the residue of bis bond or graft copolymerization bonded to the main chain. The present invention is characterized in that the composition comprises, by weight percent total composition: 90-99% by weight of a polyamide block graft copolymer, and 1-10% by weight of phosphonic acid metal salt. The present invention further relates to such compositions in a photovoltaic module (20) and the use of such a photovoltaic module (20).


Background: The PTLD-1 trial has demonstrated the efficacy and safety of 4 cycles of weekly rituximab followed by 4 cycles of CHOP-21 + G-CSF in CD20-positive PTLD after solid organ transplantation. Median overall survival (OS) was 6.6 years, a clear improvement over the preceding rituximab monotherapy trials (2.4 years). However, response to rituximab induction predicted OS after completion of therapy. Based on the hypothesis that rituximab consolidation might be sufficient treatment for patients already in a complete response (CR) after rituximab induction, trial treatment was changed in 2007 through a protocol amendment introducing risk-stratified sequential treatment (RSST): rituximab consolidation for patients in CR after rituximab induction and R-CHOP-21 consolidation for all others.

Methods: In this international, multicenter phase II trial (PTLD-1, 3rd amendment; [NCT00590447][1]), treatment-naive adult solid organ transplant recipients diagnosed with CD20-positive PTLD were treated with rituximab (375 mg/m2 IV) on days 1, 8, 15 and 22. After restaging, patients in CR continued with four three-weekly courses of rituximab monotherapy while all others received 4 cycles of R-CHOP-21 + G-CSF. In case of disease progression during rituximab monotherapy R-CHOP was commenced immediately. The primary endpoint was treatment efficacy measured as response rates and response duration. Analysis was by intention to treat. This is the final analysis of 152 patients treated with RSST from 2007 to 2014 at centers in Germany (72), Belgium (36), France (24), Australia (7), Poland (7) and Italy (6) with a median follow-up of 4.5 years. The 70 patients treated with rituximab followed by CHOP-21 in the original PTLD-1 trial (median follow-up 5.1 years) served as a control population. Inclusion criteria and follow-up schedule were identical; there were no significant differences in the transplant- and lymphoma-related baseline factors listed below.

Results: 115/152 patients were male. 69/152 were kidney, 40 liver, 18 lung, 15 heart, 5 heart/kidney, 3 kidney/pancreas and 2 heart/lung transplant recipients. Median age at diagnosis was 56 years. PTLD was late (> 1 year after transplantation) in 120/152 (79%) of patients. 67/145 (46%) PTLD were EBV-associated. 130/152 patients had monomorphic, 20 polymorphic and 2 early lesion PTLD. The overall response rate (ORR) was 111/126 (88%, CR: 88/126 [70%]). Median duration of remission (DR) was not reached; the 3-year Kaplan-Meier estimate was 82% (compared to 71% in PTLD-1). In the intention-to-treat population (152 patients), the median time to progression (TTP) was not reached either. The 3-year Kaplan-Meier estimate was 78% (69% in PTLD-1). Median OS by intention-to-treat was 6.6 years (95% CI 5.5 - 7.6) with a 3-year estimate of 70% in comparison to 61% in PTLD-1. There was no significant difference in ORR, DR, TTP or OS between EBV-positive and EBV-negative PTLD. On the other hand, response to 4 applications of rituximab was a highly significant predictor of OS, TTP and progression-free survival (PFS) despite treatment stratification (all p<0.001).

37/148 patients (25%) achieved CR with 4 cycles of rituximab and were allocated to rituximab consolidation. In this group, TTP in the intention-to-treat population was significantly longer than in the corresponding group in the PTLD-1 trial (37 patients versus 14 patients, p<0.05). In the 111 patients allocated to R-CHOP consolidation, ORR was 78/92 (85%) with 55/92 (60%) complete remissions (89% and 60%, respectively, in PTLD-1). Median TTP was not reached, the 3-year estimate was 73% (69% in PTLD-1). In patients refractory to rituximab induction, the CR rate was 22/38 (58%) with R-CHOP compared to 3/11 (27%) in PTLD-1 with CHOP (p=0.07); median PFS was 1.4 years versus 0.3 years in PTLD-1, p<0.05. The frequency of grade 3/4 leukopenia and infections was 63% and 34%, respectively. Treatment-related mortality occurred in 7%.

Conclusions: This largest trial cohort in PTLD to date demonstrates for the first time that treatment stratification by response to rituximab induction is feasible, safe and effective. Rituximab consolidation in early rituximab responders results in significantly better disease control compared to CHOP consolidation. The addition of rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy improves outcome in patients refractory to rituximab monotherapy.

Disclosures Trappe: Mundipharma: Research Funding; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; CSL Behring: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Zimmermann: Roche: Honoraria; Celgene: Other: Travel support. Morschhauser: Genentech Inc./Roche: Other: Advisory boards. Mollee: Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Onyx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Zaucha: Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Servier: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Speakers Bureau. Duhrsen: Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding. Huttmann: Amgen: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding. Salles: Calistoga Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Celgene Corporation; Genentech, Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceutica Products, L.P.; Roche: Consultancy; Celgene Corporation; Roche and Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; Celgene Corporation; Roche: Speakers Bureau. Kliem: Astellas: Honoraria; Fresenius: Honoraria; Genzyme: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Raptor: Honoraria. Leblond: Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Mundipharma: Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Choquet: Janssen: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy.

 [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00590447&atom=%2Fbloodjournal%2F126%2F23%2F816.atom


Communication system includes a dynamically configurable iterative multistage decoder (170) to achieve a particular bit error rate. In one embodiment, the circuit includes a first decoder block and (158) and a second decoder block (159) for decoding the received data through a communication channel. Control circuit (171) can change the number of iterations performed by the decoder block (158, 159). The number of operation units used in the decoder block (160, 161) can be dynamically varied to achieve the desired system performance. In one embodiment, resources are allocated based on the system that initiates the connection. And programmable circuitry is used in certain embodiments to reconstruct the multi-stage decoder.


The Alfred Hospital experience in the use of implantable pacemakers over a seven‐year period in 70 cases of symptomatic heart block is presented. Eighty‐five per cent of patients were alive at follow‐up at one year; this survival rate is compared with the 50% to 60% survival of such patients who do not receive the benefit of pacing.


Some results of a systematic study of the entropies and structure factors of fourteen liquid simple metals are presented. The ab initio model potentials of Shaw (1968) and the dielectric function of Vashista and Singwi (1972) have been used to construct effective pairwise interatomic potentials for these liquid metals. These pairwise potentials have then been employed in both the Weeks-Chandler-Anderson (WCA) and the variational thermodynamic perturbation theories to determine appropriate effective hard-sphere diameters. The authors examine in detail the short-range repulsive part of the pairwise potential in several liquid metals and show, within the WCA theory, how the softness of this influences the form of the liquid structure factor. The calculation is briefly discussed of the compressibility from the long-wavelength limit of the structure factor.


Since the early 1990s public housing in Australia has become increasingly residualised. The high demand and limited availability means that in order to be eligible potential tenants usually have to be in 'greatest need'. This article has three main sections. It first considers the processes which have led to the residualisation of public housing. Second, through the use of in-depth interviews the way older public housing tenants in inner-city neighbourhoods in Sydney portray the shifts in the social composition of tenants is explored. The third objective is to investigate the anti-social behaviour older tenants experience and its impact on their everyday lives and how they cope. Loïc Wacquant's concept of advanced marginality is used to examine the residualisation of public housing. The impact of residualisation is assessed by exploring how it impacts on older residents' concept of home and what is considered an age-friendly environment.


In this article, the procedure of extracting egg yolk oil from egg yolk powder by enzymes was studied. Through orthogonal experiments, the best technical conditions of enzymatic extraction of egg yolk oil were determined as followings:the concentration of substrate was 20%. At the optimum pH and temperature of proteinase A,1% of proteinase A (Wt%, proteinase A vs substrate) was added and reacted for 2 h. Then at the optimum pH and temperature of proteinase B,1.5% of proteinase B(Wt%, proteinase B vs substrate) was added and reacted for 2 h. Under these conditions,the yield of egg yolk oil was 58.89%. In addition, the ingredients of egg yolk oil were also analyzed.


T alent assessment may be the most important task in human resources management (HRM). Organizational success depends on the quality of talent selected to fill future , I management positions. Organizational performance also depends on the level of moti vation demonstrated by organization members. An HRM system that distributes rewards, such as promotion, suboptimal productivity, and, possibly, litigation. All other HRM deci sions, such as new hire selection, performance appraisal, motivation, and training are in fluenced by the talent assessment process. Many organizations are currently in an economic situation which minimizes the availa bility of merit pay. Hence, opportunity for promotion becomes more important in terms of both prestige and pay than meritorious job performance. The recognition and potential for personal achievement resulting from promotion may be more valuable than any other organizational reward. Consequently, a new method of talent assessment that costs less, is faster and re quires less training will be discussed after a brief presentation of current assessment prac tices.


Aiming at Grid resource domain split technique,a new approach of the grid computation node selecting based on gene Expression programming was proposed.This approach could predict the performance of the computation node.The experiment results of algorithm showed that this method is more effective in some aspects than the traditional GP ones.Thus,it provided a good solution to choose grid resources.


Introduction. Heuristic synthesis is used to improve the efficiency of reception and processing of discrete signals under aprior information pressure. The analysis of the decisionmaking algorithm for the linear-logical processing of discrete signals in case of the incomplete aprior data on their parameters is presented. The work objective is to develop and analyze the efficiency of the linear-logical algorithms. Materials and Methods. New mathematical algorithms for the signal reception and processing, effective under conditions of a priori uncertainty, are proposed. They are based on the consideration of the structure of emissions and process exceedance in the signal processing channels. Research Results. Linear-logical algorithms for processing discrete signals are developed. They are based on the consideration of one, two and more detailed characteristics of emissions or exceedance of random processes. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained can be useful in the synthesis of algorithms and devices for the signal reception and processing. Algorithms and devices are implemented both in an analog form and in the form of algorithms for computers. The simulation programs for the signal processing under conditions of the considerable uncertainty of aprior information on the signals and the channels of their distribution are developed.


A pharmaceutical treatment of canker sores snow, characterized in that it is made of the following raw materials by weight of the drug: 1-3 sharp-cock, 12 g of aqueous aluminum potassium sulfate 5-15, 1-3 cocoon. The method of the present invention is prepared as follows: the cocoon soaked with water, the aluminum potassium sulfate 12 water and 12 g sharp-cock 2 are loaded into the two cocoon, simmer Shangkang on baking; 12 cocoon aqueous potassium aluminum sulfate to be within the off to the water into a powder, coke yellow sharp-cock removed, the sharp-cock, aluminum potassium sulfate 12 water, cocoons are mixed together into powder through a 100 mesh sieve, to alternate collection. Efficacy results: Chinese Medicines various components and preparation method of treating aphthous snow present invention, sharp-cock, aluminum potassium sulfate 12 water, three drugs binding cocoon, convergence power eczema, myogenic, bleeding of rot. The present invention has as compared with the conventional treatment of aphthous snow following advantages: the present invention is pure Chinese medicine, without side effects, ease of use of high cure rate.


Abstract: The incorporation and redistribution of [1‐14C]arachidonic acid in SK‐N‐BE human neuroblastoma cell phospholipids were investigated. By continuous labelling in serum‐enriched medium, a rapid radioactivity incorporation into phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine was observed; initially, phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) was poorly labelled, but at later stages it displayed the highest level of arachidonic acid incorporation, in comparison with other phospholipid classes. Labelling of triacylglycerols was also observed. When cells were pulse‐labelled with [1‐14C]arachidonic acid and then reincubated in label‐free medium, a decrease of the radioactivity in triacylglycerols was observed initially, paralleled by an increase of phospholipid labelling; thereafter, arachidonic acid redistribution was consistent with a net decrease of the radioactivity associated with PtdCho acid‐stable forms (i.e., diacyl plus alkylacyl forms), concomitantly with a net labelling increase of both acid‐stable PtdEtn and alkenylacyl‐PtdEtn. Data indicate the following: (a) neuroblastoma cells incorporate arachidonic acid into phospholipids through complex kinetics involving transfer of the fatty acid from acid‐stable PtdCho to both alkenylacyl‐PtdEtn and acid‐stable PtdEtn; and (b) triacylglycerols act as storage molecules for arachidonic acid which is subsequently incorporated into phospholipids. The possibility that arachidonic acid transfer to PtdEtn subclasses is driven by distinct mechanisms is discussed.


The computer platform may support an antivirus agent capable of being provided with access to scan the memory collectively. The computer platform may include a platform control hub, which may include a management engine and a virtualization engine, which may cause the anti-virus agent to be downloaded from the operating system to a platform hardware space that is isolated. The management engine can authenticate the antivirus agent and provide the antivirus agent with access to directly scan the memory or storage associated with the platform hardware.


Huang-He-Zhan is with Huang-Li-Zhan as the female parent,Feng-Si-Zhan / Liu-He-Zhan hybrid intermediate material for male parent cross bred with conventional and high quality rice cultivar.It has large panicle and can growing in Southern China both early and late harvest season.Huang-He-Zhan has been examined and approved with New Cultivars Committee of Guangdong Province in 2011.This article described Huang-He-Zhan's selection process,selection result and high-yield cultivation techniques.


The anti-C agglutinin in human normal serum of group O appears at a rate of 6.7±0.8 per cent in the population. Examination of families showed that this irregular agglutinin is inherited as a simple Mendelian recessive. From the nature that the antigen C is common between agglutinogens A and B, the agglutinogen C is obviously inherited as a simple Mendelian dominant, the gene for which being completely linked with the genes for A and B. In order to ascertain the genetical relations between the formation of antigen and that of antibody, further investigation is necessary.


Based on Flash + ASP technology,Huangping county is taken as the target area,abundant field exploration and indoor spatial and data compilation were done,the space- time information of hidden geologic disaster points in Huangping was found. According to the arrangement system of data base,the hidden geologic disaster Web GIS is built in system design,spatial data base and system function design. Networking of real time dynamic monitoring and disaster prediction analyses is achieved in hidden geologic disaster points,it will afford useful help for geologic disaster prevention.


The mechanical behavior of $\ensuremath{\langle}111\ensuremath{\rangle}$ ultrathin gold nanowires (NWs) and their dependence on the correlated parameters of size (i.e., diameter $\ensuremath{\sim}1--1.6$ nm), morphology (rectangular and hexagonal prism), and ultrahigh density twin boundaries was investigated using density functional theory calculations. The parameters of size, morphology, and the presence of twins all significantly influence the mechanical behavior of Au NWs, and their effects are interdependent. Importantly, an ultrahigh density of twins in NWs enhances their strength in both morphologies, and across all sizes studied. Our calculations reveal a remarkable range of Young's modulus (60--158 GPa) and ultimate tensile strengths (3.7--14.0 GPa), suggesting that the scatter observed in experimental research involving ultrathin gold nanowires is a feature of intrinsic complexity. In particular, a ``wrinkling'' of the atomic planes along the wire axis due to a combination of anisotropic surface stresses and wire core response, is demonstrated to be largely suppressed by the presence of high-density twins. The high tensile strengths of the studied nanowires with twins is attributed to a combination of the suppression of this anisotropic phenomena and slip plane disruption. This work demonstrates that precise control of these parameters is required during synthesis to achieve target mechanical behaviour in industrial device applications. Moreover, the work demonstrates that this system has the potential to be tuned for access to a vast range of materials design space.


City University of New York, USA1 IntroductionSpace age, and with it the era of earth observation, is gener-ally considered to have begun more than 50 years ago withthe launch of Sputnik-1 on 4 October 1957 (Kramer, 2002).Sputnik's beeping radio signals did not only serve to demon-strate the technological capabilities of the Soviet Union, theywere also used to gather information about the electron den-sity of the ionosphere. In legacy of Sputnik, most of the Earthobservation satellite missions that were to follow served mul-tiple purposes. Unfortunately, up to this day, political andtechnological motives may be more important drivers for thedesign of remote sensing missions than the requirements andneeds of the geoscientific community. It is probably for thisreason that remote sensing continues to be underutilized inmany Earth science applications. Hydrology is not an excep-tion.This mismatch of technological capabilities and use of re-motely sensed data has increasingly been recognised in the1990s. Consequently, an increasing number of space-relatedprogrammes with the goal to bridge the gap between remotesensing data providers and users have been initiated. One ex-ample is GMES


Background: In the eighth month since the QPrEPd project rolled out across Queensland, 22 clinical sites have recruited 1695 participants. This paper describes the pattern of pill taking and experiences of participants from enrolment to month three.

Methods: Surveys undertaken by participants were confidential. In order to encourage honesty, clinicians did not have access to their clients' responses. Data was analysed descriptively and results were compared between entry and 3 month visits.

Results: 832 QPrEPd participants have completed the 3 month survey. 70% of participants felt more sexually empowered whilst taking PrEP. Patients preferred to take their PrEP medication in the morning, 87% found the pills "completely acceptable" and 81% of participants were completely comfortable taking pills. Interestingly, 69% of participants took their pills on a regular basis and 92% reported good compliance by taking their pills every day between study visits. Only 7.8% of participants preferred to take intermittent PrEP rather than continuous daily doses and 83% of these participants used condoms during the period they were intentionally not taking PrEP.

68% of participants surveyed never reported any side effects with their PrEP, whilst only 2.5% reported side-effects "most" or "all of the time". Surprisingly, 77% of participants did not increase their number of sexual partners, 31% reported that PrEP did not change their sex life and only 28.3% agreed that taking PrEP changed their sexual risk taking behaviour. 81% strongly agreed "STI checks are needed every 3 months while taking PrEP" and only 2.1% "strongly disagreed" with this statement.

Conclusion: So far QPrEPd has found that participants are proactive in preventing HIV, whilst still enjoying their sexual freedom. It will be exciting to see how the result patterns unravel during the demonstration project over the next few years.


Cruising the information superhighway? Put on the brakes for a minute and consider the accessibility of the Websites you visit. Would you feel comfortable referring your favorite human service gateway to a disabled colleague or client? Would they be able to enjoy your favorite portal? Do you know how to evaluate a Website's accessibility before referral? Whether a colleague or client, a disabled person who is unable to access information readily available to the general public, is left further disadvantaged in their daily living and professional life? The original purpose of the Internet was to transport data and other information from one location to another. During the Internet's beginning years, personal computers were operated by DOS-based software and program instructions were executed by a set of textual commands. Every transmittable piece of information was in an ASCII text format and the playing field for the disabled and temporarily able-bodied was pretty level. The Windows platform with its Graphical User Interface (GUI) created a whole new dimension of computer technology. The Internet became not just an avenue for knowledge, but the bustling world of e-commerce, amusement, and instant information. It now serves as a venue for support groups and ongoing social connections for disabled people. It is no longer a convenient luxury; it has become an essential resource for economic and social survival. Yet access is inadvertently denied to many disabled communities when Websites are thoughtlessly designed with only the sighted, the hearing, and the well coordinated in mind. Computer technology has also found its way into almost every employment setting. People with disabilities are becoming less competitive traversing the passageways of the Internet and are being left out of the employment loop. Technological advances, which support high graphical content and audio/video streaming, are roadblocks instead of pathways for success. The Americans With Disabilities Act's implications for the information superhighway outlined in Titles II and III are vague and left to the individual Web designer's discretion. Furthermore, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 addresses only adaptive equipment, and not software, for improving communication accommodations. These ambiguous policies have been an ongoing


The Internet of Things (IoT) intends to interconnect massive amount of heterogeneous, smart devices, with the goal of interweaving the virtual world with the physical world. Smart Cities are typical IoT application domains, comprising networks with large number of sensors that survey environmental data in order to provide different services, such as City Mobility solutions that facilitate on-street parking and traffic flow monitoring. Standards and specifications defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), like IPv6, the IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) adaptation layer, and the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) are cornerstones of the IoT. In this paper we carry out large-scale experimental evaluations in an IoT testbed of 251 nodes to analyze the performance of the IETF IoT protocol suite in such a large-scale network. We define a City Mobility Solution application, using traces from a commercial Smart City deployment and the commonly employed Contiki implementation of IETF IoT protocol suite. The results show that the out of the box Contiki IoT protocol stack is not capable of delivering a satisfying performance. However, after a thorough analysis of the initial results, a set of improved parameter configurations is derived that allows the network to achieve much higher performance. Among others, improvements of 60.39% in PDR and 63.67% in delay are achieved. Furthermore, the paper presents and discusses the technical solutions and best-practice guidelines for a specific City Mobility solution being developed by Urbiotica, a company with ample expertise in Smart City deployments.


Under the circumstance of internet-based financing and thriving of investment as well as soaring expansion of fortunes management, it is a pressing issue to intensify the education for investment. The advantages of Internet plus can solve the series of problems caused by traditional education concerning investment such as limited audience, simplified forms, feeble relevance or lack of participation etc., furthermore they can strengthen supervision for online education and educators as well as discard disadvantages brought about by Internet plus. The following article is presenting some ideas which can enlighten the existing investment education.


The optical pumping of atoms by a multimode gas laser, in the presence of a magnetic field, is studied theoretically. The atoms are described by their density matrix, which is expanded on an irreducible tensorial set. The atomic relaxation is assumed to be isotropic. In order to avoid the usual perturbation theory, we use the so-called "Broad-Line approximation" (BLA). BLA is valid when the width of the "Bennett hole" created by one laser mode in the velocity distribution of the excited atoms is comparable to the spacing between modes; under these conditions, the atomic response does not depend on the velocity and the multimode laser irradiation is equivalent to a broad-line excitation. For the atomic system, BLA leads to a set of coupled equations which is valid at arbitrary intensities of the laser field and which depends on this field through a unique parameter, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. This parameter can be understood as a laser-induced transition probability. In this article, we analyze the nonlinear effects which can be deduced from this theory, for any value of the angular momenta involved in the laser transition: Hanle-effect broadening, alignment coupling, saturation resonances on the populations are shown. The exact calculations, valid at arbitrary laser intensities for $J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=0$, $J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=1$, and $J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=2$ transitions, and the corresponding experimental results will be presented in forthcoming papers.


A bibliometric study and a specialized database has been developed on Ecology and Environment. More productive authors and countries, bibliographic sources with major impact, idiomatic distribution, more frequently used keywords and sentences in these research areas are studied.
The software for the database has been the relational databases system CDS/ISIS version 3.7 and the integrated suite of applications "INFORMET", developed by the departamento de Informacion Cientifico Tecnica (ICT) del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas (CNIC).


The purpose of this study is to cast new light on possible gender biases in implicit theories people hold about various forms of entrepreneurial activity. Using social role theory, we delve into sex‐role stereotypes associated with high‐ and low‐growth entrepreneurship and commercial and social entrepreneurship. Predictions were tested with an experimental design using both a between‐subject design to capture group‐level stereotypes and a within‐subject design to capture individual‐level stereotypes. Findings reveal that commercial and high‐growth entrepreneurs are perceived as more similar to men than to women and higher on agency than communality. Conversely, low‐growth entrepreneurs are perceived as more similar to women than men, and higher on communality than agency. Social entrepreneurs are uniquely perceived as similar to both men and women, though they are also considered higher on agency than communality. Interestingly, female, but not male respondents, perceive some overlap between the feminine gender role and high‐growth and commercial entrepreneurship. Notably, those higher on modern sexism perceive less overlap between entrepreneurship and femininity. Taken together, our results suggest that commercial high‐growth entrepreneurship is most strongly male‐typed, which is likely to be problematic for women (and non‐traditional men) wanting to start growth‐oriented ventures. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.


Objective
To investigate the effect of fasudil on vascular endothelial function in patients with coronary slow flow(CSF).

Methods
Eighty-two patients with CSF and normal coronary angiography were selected and randomly divided into conventional treatment group and fasudil group, 41 cases in each group.Patients in conventional treatment group were given conventional treatment(aspirin, nitrates and atorvastatin), while patients in the fasudil group were given fasudil on the basis of conventional treatment.The angina pectoris, TIMI, endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation(FMD), the levels of plasma nitric oxide(NO), endothelin-1(ET-1) and Rho kinase(ROCKI) of the brachial artery were observed in the two groups before and after two weeks of treatment.

Results
The total effective rate of fasudil group was 87.80%, higher than that of conventional treatment group of 65.85%, the difference was significant(χ2=68.176, P<0.05). TIMI, FMD improved in the fasudil group after treatment compared with before treatment, the difference was significant(t=4.37, 4.43; P<0.05); plasma NO level increased compared with before treatment(t=5.63, P<0.01), while ROCKI, ET-1 level decreased(t=6.19, 5.66; P<0.01). Plasma NO, ET-1, ROCKI and FMD, TIMI of conventional treatment had no significantly changes before and after treatment(P<0.05). The post-treatment of NO, FMD, TIMI levels in fasudil group were significantly increased compared with conventional group((36.17±7.64) μmol/L vs.(24.99±8.96) μmol/L, (9.96±1.76)% vs.(5.86±1.45)%, 17.53±5.81 vs.29.71±7.83; t=4.06, 4.18, 5.41; P<0.05), while ROCKI, ET-1 levels in fasudil group were significantly decreased compared with conventional group((19.57±1.33) μg/L vs.(34.38±1.51) μg/L, (14.36±6.05) ng/L vs.(20.95±6.57) ng/L; t=3.87, 4.36, P<0.01).

Conclusion
Fasudil can significantly improve the vascular endothelial function in patients with CSF.

Key words:
Coronary slow flow; Fasudil; Nitric oxide; Endothelin-1; Endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation


Using Vicia faba as the material, effects of gaseous formaldehyde(HCHO) stress on the accumulation of H_2O_2 in guard cells, the stomata conductance and aperture were investigated. The results showed that the gaseous HCHO stress increased the accumulation of H_2O_2 in leaves. The fluorescence microscopic analysis indicated that the increased H2O2 in guard cells mainly distributed in the cytoplasm under low levels(0.2–0.4 μm ol·L~(-1)) of gaseous HCHO stress. High levels(0.8–1.6 μmol·L~(-1)) of gaseous HCHO stress significantly increased no t only th e accumulation of H_2O_2 in the cytoplasm of guard cells but also the content of H_2O_2 in chloroplasts and the number of H_2O_2-accumulated chloroplasts. The data suggested that the accumulated H_2O_2 in guard cells mainly originated from chloroplasts and the cytoplasm under high levels of gaseous HCHO stress. The accumulation of H_2O_2 in guard cells signifi cantly decreased the stomatal conductance and aperture, leading to a decline in the HCHO absorption effi ciency of V. faba. The accumulation of H_2O_2 in leaves might originate from the changes of antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves under gaseous HCHO stress. The gaseous HCHO stress signifi cantly enhanced th e activitkies of CAT and SOD in leaves. However, only low levels of gaseous HCHO induced the activity of POD. APX was sensitive to HCHO stress and even a low level of HCHO stress could inhibit its activity remarkably.


In this paper, the optimum design of tire sidewall contour consisted of double plies for improving automobile maneuverability and tire durability is considered and a GUI program is developed for the purpose of the practical design. Each improvement of maneuverability and durability depends on the cord tension and strain energy distribution of tire sidewall. Satisfing trade-off method, which requires the judgment of aspiration levels, is used for the multi-objective optimization problem. Also, this paper presents the application to the practical sidewall contour design with the GUI program developed using visual Fortran.


Famous for its electric blue waters, pure soft white sand and vibrant coral reefs, the Turks and Caicos Islands are naturally exotic and beautiful. This..


Aerodynamic problems in railway trains are closely associated with flows occurring around trains. The main objective of this paper is to present the results of the finite element method for stress and stability analysis of aerodynamic brakes in high speed trains (HST). The aerodynamic brake is defined as a stiffened plate subjected to lateral pressure load considering buckling behaviour. The shell finite elements are used to model a stiffened type construction. A well-established commercially available Finite Element program MSC/NASTRAN has been chosen for the purpose. The CFD analysis is used to determine aerodynamic load.


There are still a lot of parameters to be optimized in the organic solar cells to become more economically efficient than silicon solar cells. We address in this book many effective points as a contribution for developing organic solar cells towards best performance. Our contributions in this book can lead to: 1) improvement in charge carrier transfer in the solar cell active layer through the use of 9,10-diphenylanthracene conjugated dye as a third material, 2) improvement in light harvesting and photocurrent of the solar cell through the use of coumarin 6 laser dye as a third material, 3) increasing the knowledge of properties and behavior of materials combined in new solar cell system, 4) understand the device physics and locate a relationship between production parameters and performance parameters of solar cell based on small-organic dye and fullerene derivative through investigation of device performance under different production parameters, and 5) illustration the pronounced impact of organic/organic interface on the absorption of active layer and therefore on the generated photocurrent of the organic solar cell.


: This study investigated whether working capital management (WCM) affects the investment-cash flow sensitivity in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). For this, both types of WC (fixed capital and current working capital) are used to examine the impact of WC on the cash flow sensitivity of firms. The data comprises of 357 manufacturing firms listed at PSX for the period 2000–2014 by applying the two-step system GMM approach. The results reveal that firms having a high level of WC exhibit the high value of the current WC to cash flow ratio. However, despite the financial obstacles, firms having a low value of fixed capital to cash flow ratio and high value of WC to cash flow ratio have a high level of fixed investment rate. These results reveal that the aggressive WC policy effectively works on the PSX. Particularly, where financial markets are under-developed and access to external finance is limited.


The crystallography of fcc/bcc(bct) martensite transformation, including nucleation and growth, has been discussed from the viewpoint of invariant-line and O-lattice theory. The formation of martensite is accomplished by the immigration of well-defined glissile interface (121)(fcc) type and its misfit dislocations can produce the lattice invariant deformation (LID) on the basis of phenomenal theory of martensitic crystallography (PTMC), however, LID is retarded slightly after the migration of interphase (121)(fcc), i.e. a thin plate-like zone exists without LID in martensite near the well-defined interface. When the temperature reduces to the M-s point, the lattice parameter of austenite matrix is root 3/2 times that of the martensite without LID. This critical condition for spontaneous transformation agrees with that the stack fault energy in matrix is less than zero according to Olson and Cohen's nucleation model.


Edited by Michael W Adler, Frances Cowan, Patrick French, Helen Mitchell, John Richens. London: Published by BMJ Publishing Group, 2004, £22.49 (paperback),

For many reasons, this is not a book to read on the train or bus on the way to work, which is a shame as it is an excellent text. I have always felt a little uncomfortable managing potential sexually transmitted …


A 66‐year‐old man developed disturbed consciousness and right hemiparesis with transient convulsions in the right arm. Bedside monitoring using a combination of amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography and two‐channel simplified electroencephalography revealed intermittent episodes of 1–3 Hz δ waves lasting for approximately 5 min, consistent with non‐convulsive status epilepticus. Fosphenytoin (22.5 mg/kg/day) and levetiracetam (1,000 mg) prevented right arm convulsions but did not restore consciousness. The two‐channel simplified electroencephalography also showed an intermittent periodic δ wave pattern in the Fp1‐C3 channel. Conventional electroencephalography revealed a polymorphic δ activity that was abolished by 2.5 mg diazepam, thus confirming the diagnosis of non‐convulsive status epilepticus.


According to the Scrum process framework a Scrum team should have all necessary competencies to accomplish its work. Fragmented and anecdotal evidence hints at Scrum teams still needing additional, external competencies. To contribute to theories on Scrum team composition and practitioner's concerns in staffing a Scrum team we investigated Scrum teams' cross-functionality: To whom do Scrum teams turn for additional competencies, which competencies are involved and how are Scrum teams aware of additional competencies they need? To this extent we analysed the communication in three Scrum teams during one of their Sprints. Our results show that additional competencies are called for, not only on an ad hoc basis, but also on a structural basis. To include those structural competencies the notion of an extended Scrum team is introduced.


It is now almost becoming a cliche to state that strong leadership through s̀enior management commitment' is the most critical `enabler' when introducing change in any organization, be it related to implementing the EFQM Excellence model, lean/agile production philosophies or even in the introduction of E-commerce. There is no real disagreement amongst academics, management consultants and award-givers that without this crucial support, any initiative is very likely to fail. The central role of leadership and senior management commitment in implementing total quality management (TQM) or `organizational excellence' programmes has been well documented (e.g. EFQM, 1999) and reinforced through numerous examples of role models such as Motorola, Milliken and Rank Xerox. Assessing or benchmarking the leadership process is also well established through the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award (MBNQA) and the European Quality Award (EQA) and best practice in leadership styles been identi® ed (see Oakland, 1993; Zairi, 1995, 1999). However, even though we know a great deal about what best practice is from these exemplar organizations and the world-class standards set by them, little is known of how widespread such practices are in the vast majority of businesses that are trying to emulate such goals. Given the universal agreement of how critical this role is in the successful implementation of cultural and behavioural change (see Oakland, 1999). One would expect to see good to best practice in many if not most organizations. But is this the case? The aim of this paper is to examine to what extent this message is being adopted by senior managers in industry as a whole. In other words, does practice bear out this important relationship? The authors are fortunate in having access to sets of data collected from a recent benchmarking study undertaken in nearly 750 manufacturing and service sector companies in the North East of England. The data are a record of the extent to which they have adopted a range of best management practices and have achieved a high level of operational performance in their development towards becoming world-class.


Arsenic in dust and aerosol generated by mining, mineral processing and metallurgical extraction industries, is a serious threat to human populations throughout the world. Major sources of contamination include smelting operations, coal combustion, hard rock mining, as well as their associated waste products, including fly ash, mine wastes and tailings. The number of uncontained arsenic-rich mine waste sites throughout the world is of growing concern, as is the number of people at risk of exposure. Inhalation exposures to arsenic-bearing dusts and aerosol, in both occupational and environmental settings, have been definitively linked to increased systemic uptake, as well as carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health outcomes. It is therefore becoming increasingly important to identify human populations and sensitive sub-populations at risk of exposure, and to better understand the modes of action for pulmonary arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis. In this paper we explore the contribution of smelting, coal combustion, hard rock mining and their associated waste products to atmospheric arsenic. We also report on the current understanding of the health effects of inhaled arsenic, citing results from various toxicological, biomedical and epidemiological studies. This review is particularly aimed at


Abstract Establishing a Permian brachiopod biochronological scheme for global correlation is difficult because of strong provincialism during the Permian. In this paper, a brief overview of brachiopod successions in five major palaeobiogeographical realms/zones is provided. For Gondwanaland and peri-Gondwanan regions including Cimmerian blocks, Bandoproductus and Punctocyrtella (or Cyrtella) are characteristic of the lower Cisuralian, as is Cimmeriella for the middle Cisuralian. As the Cimmerian blocks continued drifting north during the late Kungurian, accompanied by climate amelioration, contemporaneous brachiopods inhabiting these blocks showed a distinct shift from cold-water to mixed or warm-water affinities. However, coeval brachiopods in the Northern Transitional Zone (NTZ) are characterized by warm-water faunas and are associated with fusulinids in the lower Cisuralian. The Guadalupian brachiopods of the NTZ were clearly mixed between the Boreal and palaeoequatorial affinities. The end-Guadalupian is marked by the disappearance of a few characteristic genera, such as Vediproductus, Neoplicatifera and Urushtenoidea, in the Palaeotethyan region. The onset of the end-Permian mass extinction in the latest Changhsingian is clearly exhibited by the occurrence of the dwarfed and thin-shelled brachiopods commonly containing Paracrurithyris.


Down's syndrome females generally have non‐standard body features. A database of dimensions is established for 200 Down's syndrome females in Hong Kong aged 15 years and over; the effect of mental retardation upon their ability to dress/undress and deal successfully with a range of fastenings is investigated; studies of posture and ergonomic factors were undertaken. From the information collected it has been possible to establish mannequins and size tables. Important outer garment types have been identified and pattern construction rules developed for five major garment categories: skirt; culottes; slacks; blouses and casual jackets. Recommendations for future development work are made.


THE critical nature of the demand for money in macroeconomic analysis has generated a considerable amount of theoretical and empirical research, although much controversy remains. The conventional theoretical frameworks have resulted in two basic money demand models: one an asset demand model and the other a transactions demand model. For the most part, empirical evidence has tended to favor the asset demand formulation.' This paper will report evidence that strongly suggests that the previous empirical studies of the transactions demand for money were misspecified, and that as a result, the conclusions drawn do not usefully discriminate between the asset and transactions theories. The misspecifications are twofold. First, either GNP or NNP has typically been used as a proxy for transactions although there are strong a priori reasons to believe that neither is an adequate measure of transactions.2 Second, as many authors have recognized, technological change could affect the demand for money and regression estimates might be biased if structural changes due to technological innovations are not taken into account. Even so, researchers have dismissed technological change from their studies, typically relegating their observations to footnotes. In this paper, debits to demand deposit accounts (adjusted for currency transactions) are used to replace income as the measure of transactions, and time, which provides a crude estimate of the mean rate of technological change over the sample period, is incorporated into both the theoretical and empirical model. The results demonstrate that the transactions theory of money demand outperforms the asset demand formulation, contrary to much of the currently available empirical evidence. This study also suggests that technological change reduces money demand, ceteeris paribus. by about 1.5% to 2.5% per year. In addition, other issues such as the speed of adjustment to changes in the desired level of money balances and economies of scale in holding money are also addressed. The empirical findings suggest that at least 75%, and as much as 100%, of the gap between desired and actual money holding is closed within one year and that there are substantial economies of scale in holding money, as suggested by monetary theory.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reflect on and inform about learning points from ECUANET, a two‐year duration best practice action research and transnational networking project as it approaches its final stage.Design/methodology/approach – The paper explicates the key positive and obfuscating dynamics that the project team have had to, and will have to conjure with, in reaching its recommendations about the evolution of best practice in corporate university and enterprise academy design and management. The project partners have operated a voluntary or self selection process in their recruitment of corporate partner organisations to participate in the project action research case study work. The research methodology was based upon the corporate university blueprint architecture and browser toolkit to provide depth in practice evidence and a searchable database for comparative case to case practice evaluation of the key performance indicators (KPIs)Findings – It was found that the corporate univer...


'Sit-at-home', an annual protest employed by the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) to draw attention to their planned secession agenda and alleged marginalisation, has attracted widespread media attention and triggered continuous ongoing public discussions. The resistance campaigns that paralyse socio-economic activities in the south-eastern region of Nigeria constitutes ideological representations in the media. This paper examines delegitimation of the IPOB's sit-at-home protests in the Nigerian newspaper headlines to show how discursive constructions of the events contribute to the non-conformists discourse tags of the protesters. Using Van Leeuwen's Discourse Legitimation Approach, it draws on a dataset of 114 headlines on the civil disobedience protests from four Nigerian national newspapers, published between 2017 and 2019. The findings reveal that the IPOB protesters are generally constructed as non-conformists through four discursive strategies, namely, authorisation, moralisation, metaphorisation and discordancy. The strategies underlie value judgements and evaluations inherent in negative other representations that contribute to discrediting IPOB secessionist group in the Nigerian society.


When Proclus tries to clarify what is it in a human soul that makes it properly human, he draws (in In Plat. Tim. II) an explanation which combines both the Platonic way of understanding the tripartite soul with some kind of re-translation of this schema in Aristotelian mould. In this pages I give a brief overview of some steps given by the Platonic tradition in order to strengthen this development of the tripartite schema built in Republic IV (an original Platonic theory of action) in a Peripatetic one (which observes rather the different levels of organic nature). Then, I return to Proclus, to his commentary on the final pages of Timaeus –a text that is only preserved in an Arabic translation--, in order to show that Proclus is clearly conscious of the hermeneutical transformation made by the Platonic tradition on the original model, which he asserts to be previous and at least so functional as the Aristotelian one.


New technologies, such as autonomous smart-home devices and consumer goods
subscriptions, allow for the automation of consumers' shopping. When using autonomous commerce, consumers practically outsource their decision making,
whereby it is machines or firms making purchase decisions on consumers' behalf. Algorithm aversion, however, might prevent consumers from using automated commerce and thereby stymie this promising technology. This research project applies principal-agent theory, a theory mostly used in B2B contexts, to the consumer behavior realm to analyze consumers' willingness to accept service failure in automated retailing schemes. While consumers are less forgiving towards agents in situations with specific expectations (predefined automation), they are more forgiving and actually accepting of service failures in situations with vague expectations (surprise automation). This project, thus, seeks to identify ways for firms to increase consumers' acceptance of service failures in agency situations and increase lifetime value in automated commerce.


The application of ellagic acid to leather for preventing chromium(Ⅲ) from chromium(Ⅵ) has been studied.The result showed that ellagic-acid has the ability to reduce the content of chromium(Ⅵ) in the leather when it was used in the process of fatliquoring.The content of chromium(Ⅵ) in the leather is less than 3 mg/kg and meets the standard of the EU requirements even after heating and enlightening under ultraviolet light,for 3 days.


Stockley's Drug Interacions – Pocket companion 2012 has summarized the reference work Stockley's Drug Interactions which provides concise, accurate and clinically relevant information to health care professionals on this important topic. It provides a portable quick reference guide to clinically relevant evaluated and evidence-based information about drug interactions. As with the full reference work, this pocket companion attempts to answer the following questions;

Are the drugs or substances in question known to interact or is the interaction only theoretical and speculative?

How serious is the interaction?

How common is this interaction?

What proportion of patients is affected by the interaction?

Should some drug combinations be avoided altogether or can the interaction be accommodated in some way?

What alternative and safer drugs can be used instead to avoid an interaction?

Evidence-based guidance is provided on the management of common drug–drug, drug–herb and drug–food interactions. Each monograph in Stockley's Drug Interactions was assessed by practising clinical pharmacists for inclusion in the Pocket companion. However interactions involving anaesthesia, the specialist use of multiple antiretrovirals, the specialist use of multiple antineoplastics or intravenous interactions, and non-interactions were omitted although exceptions were made where controversy exists over whether or not a drug interacts. The quick reference format helps summarize the interaction and management advice. Easy to use severity ratings provide guidance on the clinical significance of a particular interaction. These ratings are combined to produce one of four symbols for interactions which have a life-threatening outcome, for interactions where concurrent use may result in a significant hazard to the patient requiring dose adjustment/close monitoring, for interactions where there is some doubt about the outcome of concurrent use and for interactions which are not considered to be of clinical significance or where no interaction occurs. Over 1900 interaction monographs (including 200 new monographs) are included in this edition. The particular monographs are structured alphabetically for ease of searching with International Non-proprietary Names (INNs) to identify drug names with cross references to US Approved Names (USANs) also included where drug names differ significantly and a comprehensive back of book reference is provided. The information is based on the most recent quarterly update of Stockley's Drug Interactions at the time of going to press with the data being fully referenced and available at http://www.medicinescomplete.com. This pocket companion, in summary, provides a quick reference guide for physicians, pharmacists, nurses and other health care professionals.


This paper focused on meaning, problems and prospect of structural reform of coastal and offshore fisheries in Korea. Structural reform can be defined as effective combination of production factors in order to enhance fisheries productivity and it can be realized mainly through fleet reduction, modernization of fishing vessels and fishing gear etc. However, the structural reform alone will not be sufficient to advance Korean fisheries facing with severe challenges from both inside and outside. Domestically, worsening status of fisheries resources, decreasing number of fishermen, worsening financial status of fisheries businesses and severe competition cause structural problem in fisheries sector and internationally the pressure from WTO and OECD to reduce tariff and subsides in fisheries poses severe challenges. The structural reform should be carried out in relation with the general adjustment programs across coastal and offshore fisheries such as M&A among fisheries businesses, adjustment of number of fishing permits and fishing areas. And the policy to enhance the fishing productivity is needed for recovery of fisheries resources and for the reduction of fishing efforts, that is, the approach which combines economic and resources concerns is needed. For the effective implementation of the reform, effect analysis of the reform program is needed and at the same time, eradication of illegal fishing, reduction of fishing fleet and reduction of fishing cost should be realized. However, the most important thing is the will and efforts of the government for successful reform. If the government does not exert sufficient efforts for the structural reform, Korea could be degraded into a backward country in fisheries.


The invention relates to a conditionally replicating oncolytic adenoviral vector used for expressing two exogenous genes and modified by small peptide. Specifically, base 1083bp is deleted in the section of 2245bp-3327bp of human adenovirus type 5 genome, and an expression element expressing a first exogenous gene is inserted into the section of 2245bp-3327bp of human adenovirus type 5 genome. And at 32679bp of adenovirus type 5 genome, i.e. at the position of fibrin HI loop, a code containing a small peptide is inserted. A second exogenous gene of dual expression and an eGFP expression element are inserted into the section of 32787bp-32788bp of human adenovirus type 5 genome. The construction method of the vector includes the steps of: constructing a shuttle missed by pAd5E1B 55kd, constructing a shuttle of the first exogenous gene pHE1B55D-, constructing an adenoviral vector backbone of the first exogenous gene pHE1B55D-/SwaI, constructing a shuttle of the small peptide sequence pshuttle Ad5-E4-fiber-, constructing a shuttle expressing eGFP and the second exogenous gene, and preparing the conditionally replicating oncolytic adenoviral vector used for expressing two exogenous genes and modified by small peptide. The invention also provides the application of the adenoviral vector provided in the invention in preparing medicaments for treating tumours.


The eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2)associated 67-kDa polypeptide (p67) isolated from reticulocyte lysate protects the eIF-2 a subunit from eIF-2 kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation and promotes protein synthesis in the presence of active eIF-2 kinases. We have now studied the roles of p67 and eIF-2 kinases in regulation of protein synthesis using several animal cell lysates and an animal cell line (KRC-7) in culture under various growth conditions. The results are as follows. (s) Both p67 and eIF-2 kinase(s) are present in active forms in all animal cells under normal growth conditions and p67 protects the eIF-2 a subunit from eIF-2 kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation, thus promoting protein synthesis in the presence of active eIF-2 kinases. (u) In heme-deficient reticulocyte lysates and in serum-starved KRC-7 cells in culture, p67 is deglycosylated and subsequently degraded. This leads to eIF-2 kinase-catalyzed eIF-2 a-subunit phosphorylation and thus to protein synthesis inhibition. (iii) Addition of a mitogen (namely, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) to serum-starved KRC-7 cells in culture induces an increase of p67 and thus increases protein synthesis. These results suggest the following conclusions. (a) Protein synthesis inhibition in a heme-deficient reticulocyte lysate is not due to the activation of an eIF-2 kinase (heme-regulated inhibitor), as is generally believed, but is due to degradation of p67. The heme-regulated inhibitor is present in an active form and possibly in equal amounts in both heme-deficient and heme-supplemented reticulocyte lysates but cannot phosphorylate eIF-2 a subunit because of the presence of p'7. (ii) p67 is essential for protein synthesis as it protects the eIF-2 a subunit from eIF-2 kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation and promotes protein synthesis in the presence of one or more active eIF-2 kinases present in all animal cells. (iii) p67 is both degradable and inducible. Only the p67 level correlates directly with the protein synthesis activity of the cell, indicating that p67 is a critical factor in protein synthesis regulation in animal cells. A widely used protein synthesis regulatory mechanism in animal cells involves phosphorylation of the a subunit of a key peptide chain initiation factor, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2), by one or more eIF-2 kinases, which inhibits protein synthesis. In several cases studied, these inhibitors appear to remain in an inactive form and are activated under certain physiological conditions. Numerous reports indicate that in reticulocyte lysates one inhibitor, heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), is activated in the absence of hemin and another inhibitor, double-stranded-RNA-activated inhibitor (dsI), is activated in the presence of double-stranded RNA (for reviews, see refs. 1 and 2). In both cases the activated inhibitor specifically phosphorylates the eIF-2 a subunit and thus inactivates eIF-2 activity and inhibits protein synthesis. As noted earlier, this regulatory mechanism involving eIF-2 a-subunit phosphorylation is widely used in animal cells to regulate protein synthesis under various physiological conditions, which include nutritional deprivation (3, 4), heat shock (4-6), and viral infection (7-14). We have observed that a 67-kDa polypeptide, p67, which remains associated with reticulocyte eIF-2 through several steps of purification, protects the eIF-2 a subunit from eIF-2 kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation, thus promoting protein synthesis in the presence of activated eIF-2 kinases (15). p67 is a glycoprotein and contains multiple 0-linked GlcNAc residues (16). There are indications that the glycosyl residues on p67 may be necessary to protect the eIF-2 a subunit from eIF-2 kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation. Based on our results, we postulated that protein synthesis in animal cells may be regulated by eIF-2 kinases and by the availability of p67. eIF-2 kinases phosphorylate the eIF-2 a subunit and thus inhibit protein synthesis, and the increased availability of p67 renders the eIF-2 a subunit resistant to eIF-2 kinasecatalyzed phosphorylation, which promotes protein synthesis in the presence of eIF-2 kinases. Two reports from our laboratory are in agreement with this hypothesis (17, 18). In the present study, we have examined the roles of p67 and the eIF-2 kinases in regulation of protein synthesis using several animal cell lysates and also an animal cell line (KRC-7) in culture under various growth conditions. We provide evidence that p67 and one or more eIF-2 kinases are present in active forms in all animal cells under normal growth conditions. However, eIF-2 kinases cannot phosphorylate the eIF-2 a subunit because of the presence of p67. Under certain physiological conditions, such as during heme deficiency in reticulocyte lysates and also in serum-starved animal cells in culture, p67 is degraded and thus eIF-2 kinase(s) are able to phosphorylate the eIF-2 a subunit and inhibit protein synthesis. p67 is both inducible and degradable. Also, p67 levels in the cells correlate directly with the protein synthesis activity of the cells, suggesting that p67 plays a critical role in regulation of protein synthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Most of the materials used in this study were as described (15-17). The cloned cell line KRC-7 derived from Reuber H35 rat hepatoma cells was kindly provided by John Koontz (University of Tennessee, Knoxville). A sample of dsI prepared according to Kudlicki et al. (19) was generously Abbreviations: eIF-2, eukaryotic initiation factor 2; URI, hemeregulated inhibitor; dsI, double-stranded-RNA-activated inhibitor; WGA, wheat germ agglutinin; PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13acetate. *Present address: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510. tTo whom reprint requests should be addressed. 539 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 (1992) donated by Gisela Kramer (Clayton Foundation, Biochemistry Institute, Austin, TX). A 10,000 x g cell supernatant from rat liver and from rat brain was prepared as described by Pain et al. (20). Preparation of Antibodies. Polyclonal antibodies against eIF-2 a or /3 subunits or against p67 were prepared using a modification of the procedure described (15, 16). The isolated polypeptides were injected into mice. When the antibody titer in the serum was >1:1000, the mouse was injected with TG-180 sarcoma cells (obtained from American Type Culture Collection) for generation of ascites fluid. Antibodies from the ascites fluid were purified on DEAE-Affi-Gel Blue, according to the procedure supplied by the manufacturer (Bio-Rad), and were characterized by NaDodSO4/PAGE followed by immunoblot analysis. dsI was purified from interferon-p-induced HeLa cells by the procedure of Ray et al. (21) and was injected into rabbit. Immune serum from the rabbit was purified on DEAE-Affi-Gel Blue and characterized as above. The monoclonal antibodies against p67 were prepared as described (16). As reported these monoclonal antibodies specifically recognize the GlcNAc moieties on p67 (16). All the antibodies were monospecific and reacted only with their corresponding antigens. Cell Culture. KRC-7 cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), containing 5% (vol/vol) fetal calf serum and 5% (vol/vol) calf serum. The experimental procedures were essentially similar to those described by Trevillyan et al. (22). Serum-starved cells were prepared by washing cell monolayers with Hanks' balanced salt solution followed by culturing in serum-free DMEM for an additional 3 days. The serum-starved cells were stimulated by addition of 1.5 1LM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (Sigma). For analysis, 6 x 105 cells were seeded onto 100-mm tissue culture dishes containing 10 ml of medium. Cell Lysate Preparation. Cells were harvested, washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, GIBCO), and lysed with lysis buffer [20 mM Hepes, pH 7.5/10 mM KCl/1.5 mM Mg(OAc)2/2 mM dithiothreitol]. Cell lysates were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm in a Beckman Microfuge B centrifuge for 10 min. Supernatants were stored at -70°C. The concentration of proteins in the lysate was measured by Bio-Rad protein assay kit using a bovine serum albumin standard.


Citation: Tomedi MET (2020) Growth Perfor- mance, Feed Utilization and Survival of Clarias gariepinus Post-larvae Fed with a Dietary Supplementation of Zingiber officinale-Allium sativum Mixture. J Aquac Fisheries 4: 028. Abstract Freshwater fish larviculture is the most sensitive step in aqua - culture. It is characterized by a very high mortality rate, generally due to the mismatch between the feed used and the nutritional re - quirements of the larvae or fry. The present study aimed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of the combination of garlic ( Allium sativum ) and ginger ( Zingiber officinal e) powders on growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus post-larvae reared in pond system. Thus, 1200 post-larvae were randomly divided in triplicate into four treatments. In treatment 1, post-larvae were fed with the control diet while in treatments 2 to 4, fry were fed on diet containing a mixture of equal quantity of ginger and garlic to give the final proportions of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, respectively for treatments 2, 3 and 4. Feeding trials were carried out for 63 days during which fry were fed daily at the rate of 10% of their body weight. Main water parameters were registered weekly. Fish sampling was done every 21 days during which fry per treatment were counted and measurements taken on a representative sample. The results obtained indicate that using the mixture of ginger and garlic as feed additive significantly improve growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate of C.gariepi- nus fry. With the highest rate of supplementation of 1.5%, the weight gain (7.63±0.13 g), body length growth rate (16.83±0.37% cm/d), specific growth rate (9.49±0.06% g/d), feed conversion ratio (1.29±0.17) and survival rate (84±5.13%) were significantly differ ent compared to control by 51.77%, 24.60% 12.12% and 41.36%, respectively for the weight gain (3.68±0.12 g), body length growth rate (12.69±1.77% cm/d), specific growth rate (8.34±0.14% g/d), feed conversion ratio (2.20±0.04) and survival rate (63±6.56%). This study indicate that combination of ginger and garlic as feed additive can be very helpful to improve larvae and fry production.


Macedonian energy sector is the main emitter of greenhouse gases with share of about 70% in the total annual emissions. Also, 70%–75% of emissions are associated with the electricity generation due to the predominant role of the lignite fuelled power plants. Recently, the government has adopted a strategy for the use of renewable energy sources (RES) which identifies a target of 21% of final energy consumption from RES by 2020. In this paper, analyses are conducted in order to investigate to which extent and in which way the absorption capacity of the power system for RES electricity can be improved. For this purpose, combining various conventional and RES technologies, including pump storage hydro power plant and revitalisation of the existing lignite power plants six scenarios for the power system expansion are developed by making use of EnergyPLAN model. Critical excess of electricity analyses are conducted in order to identify the maximal penetration of wind electricity. The results have shown that in the exiting capacities maximal penetration of wind electricity in 2020 is 13% of total electricity consumption. The revitalization of the existing lignite power plants and building of pump storage power plant would increase the wind penetration. Furthermore, the developed scenarios are comparatively assessed in terms of the associated greenhouse gases emissions and import of electricity.


Shah Ismail Hatai is a poet,who has great importance in the Anadolu Turkishness or in the Anadolu Alevi-Bektashi.Even today his poems are in the people's heart.His name is mentioned and his poems are read in the Cem ceremonies. According to my opinion, it's on the basis of his demand for such, not has established a state in history, but, the people's hearts are adressed by him.In other words, he came to the fore with "sufilik" and poetry. Shah Ismail is a person,who admires to Haci Bektash Veli. He walked on his way until "Şeyhlik"returns to "Şahlik" and he adopted his principles and tried to be adopted them. In this study We aim to examine the moral values in his poems