Motivated by the need to explore the adjacency of introductory sections of textbooks, the present study attempted to scrutinize prefaces, introductions, and forewords, as three realizations of academic textbook introductions, in terms of their functions and potential generic structures. The study aimed to investigate the possible variations across medicine and applied linguistics, representing hard applied and soft applied sciences respectively. In order to proceed systematically in developing a potential generic model, a heuristic analysis was employed to achieve a less biased view of the nature of these variations of introductions. To this aim, 600 text samples were selected from the two disciplines. The findings showed that, overall, although the informative moves were more frequent than the promotional moves in the schematic frameworks for the different manifestations of introductions in medicine compared with applied linguistics, the genres in the two disciplines were more similar than different. The study revealed the ways in which the writers appropriated the generic resources and successfully mixed promotional, informative, and evaluative purposes of these adjacent genres.
Keywords: Applied Linguistics, Genre analysis, Medicine, Textbook introductions;


Objective To investigate the effects of different restoration methods for the endodontically treated mandibular first molar using finite element method.Methods The right mandibular first molar was simulated by three-dimension finite element modeling.The restoration methods included mesial-occlusal-distal(MOD) inlay,crown,and MOD onlay.Stress value and distribution in tooth tissue were observed with different restorations.Results With onlay restored,the maximal principal stress(eMax) under vertical loading decreased for 88.94%,compared with the inlay,and for 77.92% under lingual-buccal loading.Under vertical loading,all the dentin eMax appeared on root furcation under vertical loading,and the dentin eMax of crown group was respectively 18.35% and 18.16% higher than the inlay and onlay.Under lingual-buccal loading,the dentin eMax of crown group was respectively 19.63% and 17.96% lower than the inlay and onlay.The dentin maximum stress appeared on the cervical 1/3 of the root in the crown group,and on the bottom of pulp chamber in inlay and onlay group.Conclusion From a biomechanical point of view,porcelain MOD onlay and crown can protect tooth tissue,and the crown is better.


Placement of mushroom electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures at the inset feedline of patch antenna operating at 4.8 GHz is analysed in this study. Proposed design for (i) single patch and (ii) two-element patch array exhibits significant improvement in return loss, bandwidth and mutual coupling loss. Parametric analysis confirms that the optimal position of EBG structures is at a distance of 1.5 mm on both sides of the feedline. It is established that the return loss increases by 8 dB and bandwidth increases by 3.2% for single patch with EBG structures at the feedline. A 6% reduction in antenna size is realised when compared with conventional placing of EBG. Likewise in double patch, placing the EBG structures on either side of the corporate feedline improves the return loss by 2.5 dB and a 12% reduction in size is achieved when compared with customary positioning of EBG. Bandwidth improves by 4.82%. The superior reduction of mutual coupling of double patch with inset edge feed having EBG structures at feedline, in addition to single-column mushroom EBG structures placed between the patches is demonstrated. The mutual coupling loss increases by 3.5 dB and a size reduction of 20% is accomplished. In antenna arrays, EBG structures at the feedline considerably reduce side lobe level and back lobe level and improve directivity, because of optimal radiation patterns. Simulations are validated experimentally.


This paper discusses the peculiar phonological phenomena revealed by Tanglvyinyi(唐律音义) and sums up some features of phonological changes in the standard sounds of early Song Dynasty.


Modifications of 73-nm-thick polycrystalline FeCo films by magnetic-field-assisted implantation of Ne, Xe, and Au ions have been investigated. For magnetic characterization, the longitudinal magneto-optic Kerr effect and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) in the remanent state have been used, while structural information has been gained from glancing-angle x-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The irradiated films show a soft-magnetic behavior with large magnetic anisotropy. The Ne ions initially induce an increasing coercivity, possibly due to radiation defects accumulated during the ion implantation, while higher Ne fluences anneal out the defects and reduce the coercivity. For the heavy ions the deposited energy density is high enough to reduce the coercivity at small fluences and then to increase it slightly for increasing fluence. Correlations between the magnetic anisotropy, coercivity and the ion species and fluence have been established. The MFM pictures feature the largest ch...


Three out of four of the hundreds of teachers responding to the TENES nationwide questionnaire in 1965 asked for a journal that would help them in their work of teaching English to non-English speakers. The proportion was only slightly smaller among college instructors than among elementary teachers. But a journal without a membership organization to support it can never quite adequately reflect the hopes and desires of its readers; it never can quite satisfactorily meet their needs. A subscription list is not a membership list. Without the implicit and explicit participation of an organization in the affairs of a journal, that journal never quite becomes the collective voice of its readers. Nor without an organization can a large number of people with common interests effectively further those interests. Without an organization, teachers having a common discipline and a common subject matter will not easily come to consider themselves a professional group. Now, within a year, we have both the organization and the publication. We have TESOL and we have its journal. Better: we are TESOL and we have our journal. Not often has an association been


Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are currently suboptimal. Blood‐based screening could improve rates of earlier detection for CRC and adenomatous colorectal polyps. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of plasma‐based detection of early CRC and adenomatous polyps using array‐mediated analysis methylation profiling of 56 genes implicated in carcinogenesis. Methylation of 56 genes in patients with Stages I and II CRC (N = 30) and those with adenomatous polyps (N = 30) were compared with individuals who underwent colonoscopy and were found to have neither adenomatous changes nor CRC. Composite biomarkers were developed for adenomatous polyps and CRC, and their sensitivity and specificity was estimated using five‐fold cross validation. Six promoters (CYCD2, HIC1, PAX 5, RASSF1A, RB1 and SRBC) were selected for the biomarker, which differentiated CRC patients and controls with 84% sensitivity and 68% specificity. Three promoters (HIC1, MDG1 and RASSF1A) were selected for the biomarker, which differentiated patients with adenomatous polyps and controls with sensitivity of 55% and specificity of 65%. Methylation profiling of plasma DNA can detect early CRC with significant accuracy and shows promise as a methodology to develop biomarkers for CRC screening.


Objective To analyze the operative procedure, efficacy and safety of percutaneous transcatheter closure in patients with congenital coronary artery fistula. Methods Percutaneous transcatheter closures of congenital coronary artery fistula were undertaken in 6 patients. Among them, there were 2 males and 4 females. The age range was 5 to 39 (mean 14.4 ) years old. Three fistulas were from the right coronary artery to the right ventricle, one from the right coronary artery to the right atrium, two from the left coronary artery to the right atrium. The vessels ranged in diameter from 7 mm to 12 mm. The diameter of the fistula site of entry into the right side of the heart ranged from 3 mm to 7 mm. Amplatzer duct occluder and pfm coils were used in 3 patients for closuring the fistulas, respectively. Results Complete occlusion was achieved in 6 patients. The device was positioned and deployed via the venous system in 3 patients, using a guidewire that had been advanced via the aorta, coronary artery, and fistula to the right atrium, snared with the venous catheter and pulled out at the femoral vein site. Three fistulas were closed via the artery system. Follow-up studies after occlusion noted normal in all patients during of 3 to 32 months. Conclusion Percutaneous transcatheter closure of coronary fistulas appears to be simple, facile, and effective. Owing to various coronary fistula morphologies, transcatheter occlusion requires availability of different embolization techniques. Short-term follow-up supports persistent clinical efficacy and transcatheter closure techniques as the initial form of therapy.


Electrical Impedance Tomography can detect changes within human body like tumours, ventilation or cardiac abnormalities using electrodes on the surface. However, EIT images are poor when the changes occur far from the electrodes, in the deep, innermost tissue. A possible method to improve measurements is to position one or more internal electrodes near the expected location of the impedance change when this is known a priori such as during cardiac ablation or other image guided procedures. This paper aims to explore this idea by comparing three different electrode configurations: the conventional external electrodes, the combination of external and internal electrodes and only internal electrodes. The z-score, which expresses the level of distinguishability or sensitivity to an impedance change within the measured object, is used for comparison as it is not biased by the image reconstruction approach. We model a 3D simulated homogenous cylinder tank filled with 0.9% saline containing a small cylindrical anomaly. The internal electrodes were assumed to be located on a cardiac mapping catheter, modeled with electrodes placed on the boundary of a small non-conductive ball, placed near the tank's center. Zero-mean Gaussian noise of 100-500μV was added to simulated electrode voltage measurements. Finally, the results showed that the combination of internal and external electrodes offered the highest consistent distinguishability for most of the patterns of current and voltage measurement and noise levels. The configuration using only internal electrodes starts with worse distinguishability and it decreased dramatically corresponding to the further distance of object.


The anisotropic behaviors of micro solder interconnects have been recognized as a crucial reliability concern due to the continuous trend of miniaturization in high-performance electronic devices. The hexagonal structure η-Cu6Sn5 with highly anisotropic phase structure has considerable influence on its growth behavior during soldering and performance in service. In the present work, synchrotron radiation real-time imaging technology was used to in situ investigate the growth behavior of η-Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound (IMC) in Cu/Sn/Cu solder interconnects during soldering under temperature gradient. The microstructure of the Cu/Sn/Cu micro interconnects and the orientation of η-Cu6Sn5 IMC grains after soldering were characterized. The electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed that the η-Cu6Sn5 grains showed a preferred orientation, with their [0001] direction being nearly parallel to the direction of temperature gradient. The results pave the way for controlling the orientation of the small number of interfacial IMC grains in three-dimensional (3D) packaging technology.


A task force of Sandia National Laboratories Livermore personnel has reviewed and evaluated the status of solar central receiver technology as of early 1980. The methodology and results of the evaluation are described. The evaluation concentrated on the detailed component and system designs developed by industrial firms; the conclusions are based on these designs. The task force makes recommendations for the allocation of DOE R and D resources within the solar central receiver program. Results of the evaluation are also intended to point out to developers of central receiver technology where improvements are necessary. The recommendations emphasize the need for a continuing effort on the nitrate salt technology for large scale electricity generation. This technology appears to be capable of producing energy over a wide range of capacity factors at lower cost than with other heat transport fluids. A brief discussion of central receiver technology applied to industrial process heat is presented.


There has been a growing demand on using an active power filter (APF) for grid-connected converter systems based on non-conventional energy sources such as solar, wind and fuel-cells. In addition to power quality conditioning, the APF can also be used for bi-directional active power exchange with the three phase four wire grid and therefore acts as a multifunctional compensator. This paper presents a four-leg, shunt multi-functional grid-connected power quality compensator. The compensator reference currents are generated using the well known instantaneous p-q-r theory. A simple modification in the conventional theory to eliminate the neutral current from the three-phase four-wire power system is proposed. A digital controller is used to implement dead-beat current control. The outputs of the digital current controller are used as reference voltages for a 3D space-vector modulator (3D-SVM). A new approach for PWM waveform generation in 3D-SVM is proposed. The PWM is implemented on a floating point DSP. All the intermediate steps are discussed from the view point of implementation on DSP-FPGA platform. The multi-functional compensator is analysed and simulated for the most practical conditions at the power system and the simulation results are presented.


Abstract Cilacap Refinery is built close to the residential area. Cilacap is one of the most important fishing area of the Southern, part of Java, consequently the ecological balance should be considered as necessary. During the period of feasibility study and construction of the Refinery the fauna as well the flora of the surrounding were surveyed/evaluated. After start-up, monitoring was carried out and observed that pollution prevention was satisfactory. From the monitored results of the Gajah Mada Biological Faculty Jogjakarta of 1976/1977 as composed to the Base Line Study Data of 1975, it appeared that the influence of the Cilacap Refinery Operation on the manggrove community was only around the refinery (200 m upstream and downstream of the effluent water along the refinery fence). Of the 19 kinds of vegetation identified there were 6 kinds destroyed; among other: sarcolobus, Acanthus ilicifolius, Derris heterophylla, Avicennia officinalis, Rhizophora dan Xylocarpus. The fauna condition is continually being monitored. New equipment and methods are being utilised for pollution abatement at the Cilacap Refinery, as well as tight control on effluent water and air emission. The oil content of the effluent water ex Cilacap Refinery is not more than 15 ppm while the emitted gases do not exceed the threshold limit value. Control and monitoring programs are being performed through integration between pollution control, safety and industrial hygiene and through periodical team work between Pertamina and Pollution Study group coordinated by Lemigas.


In this paper we provide an overview comparing induction motors (IMs) and permanent-magnet motors (PMMs) for electrical-submersible-pump (ESP) applications. The design and performance differences of the two types of motors are compared and discussed. The PMM advantage and unique applications are highlighted. The requirement of a different control strategy to operate a PMM is described. Some key safety aspects that field engineers need to be aware of with PMMs are also addressed in this paper.
 The information we present includes a literature review and the latest research and development results. We cover the operating principles of the IM and the PMM, selection of permanent-magnet materials, operating frequency, stator windings, and magnetic poles. PMMs offer better efficiency, higher power-factor performance, and compactness. Ideal applications include slim-well applications, through-tubing rigless deployment, Y-tool completion, and electric-submersible-progressive cavity pumps (ESPCPs). We will also shed some light on why conventional IMs cannot be used to drive ESPCPs directly without speed-reduction gearboxes.
 It is very likely that the use of PMMs will increase for ESP applications in the near future, and this will require engineers to acquire a basic understanding of this technology. This paper intends to provide a high-level comparison between IMs and PMMs in the ESP industry.


AIM OF THE STUDY:
To determine the risk factors, bacteriological profile, sensitivity pattern and treatment outcome of culture positive bacterial keratitis at a tertiary eye care center in a developing country.
METHODOLOGY: This is a prospective observational study done in a period of one year of recruitment and 3 months of follow up (1st December 2015 to 28 February 2017). Here 2130 corneal ulcer patients attending tertiary eye care center were subjected to KOH, Gram's stain, culture in blood agar and in sabouraud's dextrose agar. Culture sensitivity were determined by Muller Hinton disc diffusion method. Treatment outcome is measured in terms of visual acuity and ulcer healing at 3 weeks and 3 months of follow up.
RESULTS:
In our study, out of 2130 patients, 256 were bacterial culture positive. Gram positive organisms were more in number (n=142) compared to gram negative organisms (n=114). Among gram positive organisms, streptococcus pneumoniae were most common 59%, and among gram negative organisms pseudomonas species were most common 69%. Streptococcus species were more sensitive to 3rd generation cephalosporins, 3rd generation fluroquinolones and vancomycin and most resistant to old generation fluroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxcin). Pseudomonas species were most sensitive to fluroquinolones like moxifloxcin and most resistant to cephotaxim. All organisms both gram positive and gram negative were sensitive to vancomycin except Nocardia. Out of 6 isolates, four were resistant to vancomycin but these are found to be more sensitive to aminoglycosides mainly amikacin. Out of 256 patients 174 fit into our inclusion and exclusion criteria and treatment outcome were analysed for the same population. Impact of clinical profile (ulcer size, site, depth of infiltrate) over treatment outcome were analysed and are found to be statistically significant with P value <0.05. Out of 176 patients, 31% (n=54) had change in antibiotics according to culture sensitivity pattern and its effect were analysed. Out of 54 patients, 64.51%(n=35) were improved and 35.14%(n=14) were not improved after change in antibiotics.
CONCLUSION:
From our study population we analysed , Gram positive organisms like Streptcoccus were sensitive to 3rd generation cephalosporins and gram negative bacteria like Pseudomonas were sensitive to 3rd generation fluroquinolones. The predictors of poor treatment outcome from our study are as follows, patient who presented late (>7 days), patients who had high glycemic levels, Patients with central, larger and deeper corneal ulcer, patients who needs change in antibiotics either for clinical deterioration or according to sensitivity pattern. Hence patients with above clinical characteristics should be followed up regularly. By doing which the morbidity due to corneal ulcer and preventable blindness can be decreased.


The authors consider the robustness of sampled-data control systems when the open-loop system is modeled by a family of plants having affine or interval uncertainty structures. Using the conic sector approach as adapted to sampled data systems, they give a sufficient condition for robust stability which depends only on edge parameters in the case of affine uncertainty and on vertex parameters when interval uncertainty is assumed.<<ETX>>


Although many of the pottery vessels used by the Greeks in antiquity have been equated with names preserved in ancient sources, there are some shapes which remain unnamed and some ancient names and descriptions which are unrecognised in surviving pottery examples. The 'plemochoe should be listed among these. In spite of the fact that it has been identified, from time to time, as one or the other of four different vessels, careful readings of the ancient texts demonstrate that none of these pots adequately compare with the descriptions given of the plemochoe. Furthermore, as described below, examination of these vessels yields plausible


It is very useful for ESCo to make rational decisions by recognizing risks correctly and choosing proper model to measure risk,which can also assure the energy conservation projects implemented successfully.Based on the definition of risks,the paper proposes a new model of measuring risk by integrating multi-dimensional effect function and risk effect theory.The improved multi-dimensional effect function model provides a more scientific and reasonable method for ESCo risk measurement.


The research question of this study is: what acculturation mode is favorable for combining organizational cultures at mergers or acquitions?


In this Letter we report a neat method for preparing polymeric giant vesicles. Self-assembly of a rigid oligomer, polyether imide (PEI) with amino groups at its two ends and stearic acid (SA) in chloroform/cyclohexane, which was a selective solvent for SA, led to the giant vesicles. However, PEI and low-molecular-weight polystyrene with a carboxyl end (CPS) formed micelles instead of vesicles in the solvent mixture. Furthermore, morphology transition from micelle to vesicle was observed when SA was added to the micellar solution of PEI/CPS.


One of the current priorities of food supply for military personnel in the Far North and the Russian Arctic is to preserve its nutrition quality while maintaining the mass of food ration. To implement this task, the author proposes to produce soft wheat pasta with animal protein and high nutrient content (retinol, i.e. vitamin A, minerals, mineral nutrients, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids). Beef liver was added to the pasta as an enriching additive in the amount of 30% of the total dough. The composition of the ingredients, their quantity, and the effect on the amount of nutrients in the modified food product were calculated according to a specially designed program. Modernized equipment made it possible to use ultrasound and infrared radiation to intensify the technology of pasta production. A device for ultrasonic magnetostriction processing of flour reduced the contamination of wheat flour with pathogenic microorganisms and mold. An ultrasound press made it possible to use low gluten wheat flour. Modernization of the drying equipment by including sources of ultrasound and infrared radiation accelerated the process of drying. As a result, the pasta with a high content of animal protein did not lose in quality. The experimental studies revealed empirical dependency between the quality of the pasta and the ultrasound and infrared radiation. Intensification of the production of pasta with animal protein and a high nutrient content was 22–26%, while the strength of the finished product increased by 20–25%.


A communication network resource control algorithm that allocates bandwidth in a provably proportionally fair manner is described. This algorithm is believed to be more rapidly convergent and computationally straightforward than those based on utility optimisation methods for elastic broadband traffic described previously.


O-NE OF THE SIGNIFICANT trends of the past two decades is the kJ development of the President's staff as an institution. "From a purely staff service it is fast developing into an agency that also formulates and coordinates policies at the highest level."2 The White House staff now employs 389 people. Since 1939 this immediate headquarters of the President's activities has been ringed by the Executive Office of the President. In the latter are now included the Bureau of the Budget, the National Security Resources Board, the Economic Adviser, the National Security Council, and the Office of Defense Mobilization.3 Each of these aforementioned agencies in the Executive Office of the President has been created by law and now constitutes an institutionalized part of the President's apparatus.4 One of the principal functions of Presidential agencies is the formulation of plans and policies for executive action. In the first two terms of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration the most pressing problems dealt with economic recovery and reform policies. When Roosevelt assumed office in 1933, there existed no staff agencies to supply advice to the President. As we shall more fully elaborate, Roosevelt relied upon his closest informal advisors to fill this need. Thirteen years later, in 1946, Congress enacted the Full Employment Act which expressed a new and historic commitment on the part of the


The electromigration of a pad of In ultrathin film with a thickness of several monolayers on a Si(111) 7×7 surface was investigated by scanning Auger electron spectroscopy. Indium atoms moved to the cathode in the ultrathin film contrary to conventional electromigration in bulk materials and in thin films and had a mobility of 8.5×10-5 cm2/(V·s) at 80°C. This is three orders of magnitude greater than the mobility of ordinary films. The morphology of the ultrathin film in the process of the movement was studied particularly carefully and proved to be associated with the growth mode of the In film on Si(111).


Simplified Shuttle Payload Thermal Analyzer (SSPTA) aids in evaluating thermal design of instruments to be flown in Space Shuttle cargo bay. It is collection of programs that are currently used in thermal analysis of spacecraft, modified for quick, preliminary analysis of payloads. Although designed primarily to analyze Shuttle payloads, it can be easily used for thermal analysis in other situations.


Phase equilibria and properties of ceramics in the NbB{sub 2}-CrB{sub 2} system were studied. Continuous solid solutions were found showing high activation energy (96 kcal/mol) of formation which is due to large disparity of atomic radii between Cr and Nb. Pure NbB{sub 2} and CrB{sub 2} ceramics were prepared by hot pressing at 2,100 and 1,800 C, respectively, at 20 MPa for 0.5 hour. Both materials exhibited closed porosity which was eliminated by the addition of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and SiC. Thermogravimetric studies showed different mechanisms of oxidation of the diborides. The presence of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and SiC improved the oxidation resistance, hardness, and fracture toughness of CrB{sub 2} ceramics. The additives increased the hardness of NbB{sub 2} ceramics but did not significantly affect their toughness.


The human cultural philosophy marks an important turn in the development of modern western philosophy as it contended with the ideological philosophy that dominated the western intellectual history and pursued universal knowledge.Vico,Herder,Rousseau and Cassirer have respectively advocated it because it annulled the privileged status of epistemology as First Philosophy and paved the way for a systematic philosophy of human cultural.The philosophy was born with open-mindedness and tolerance,and thus the integration between it and the critical theory of society becomes possible.Under the context of contemporary globalization,it will have such a developmental trend as to contribute to the integration of all forms of cultural philosophy.


Boundaries between structural twins of bilayer graphene (so-called AB/BA domain walls) are often discussed in terms of the formation of topologically protected valley-polarised chiral states. Here, we show that, depending on the width of the AB/BA boundary, the latter can also support non-chiral one-dimensional (1D) states that are confined to the domain wall at low energies and take the form of quasi-bound states at higher energies, where the 1D bands cross into the two-dimensional spectral continuum. We present the results of modeling of electronic properties of AB/BA domain walls with and without magnetic field as a function of their width and interlayer bias.


This paper presents a number of practical suggestions for implementing recursive Ling adders in deep-submicron CMOS VLSI. These adders were introduced by Jackson and Talwar in 2002 but no subsequent work has appeared describing their VLSI realisation. In this paper, we discuss how such adders might be implemented and show that recursive Ling adders are up to 34% smaller for the same speed or up to 15% faster for the same area than other recently-announced 16- and 32-b CMOS VLSI adders.


The present study was undertaken to study the etiopathology of dead-in-shell embryos of chicken egg procured from the indigenous chicken. In total, 1336 egg were incubated, out of which 416 (63.90%) were found with dead-in-shell embryos and 235 (36.09%) were infertile. Various abnormalities detected in the dead-in-shell embryos were malposition (43), malformation (3), dehydrated (21), adhesion (10), pathological condition (128) and undiagnosed (211). Out of 128 dead-in-shell embryos having pathological condition, 40 dead-inshell embryos were sent for cultural examination from which 25 embryos showed septicemia. The organisms isolated from such embryos were Streptococcus species and Escherichia coli. From the present study it can be concluded that there may be several reasons for getting poor hatchability. Therefore, every attempt have to be made to enhance the hatchability of eggs in a breeding flock.


ABSTRACTMoraine systems fronting 25 glaciers in the Svartisen, Okstindan, and Saltfjell areas were studied. Samples for C14 dating were obtained from 7 moraines, and lichenometric data were gathered from about 125 moraines. The earliest C14 dated maxima were from 2800 C14 yr B.P., but there was evidence that a few glaciers reached relatively advanced positions prior to this: early advances may have occurred about 6000 and 4500 C14 yr B.P. Radiocarbon dates suggested that glaciers reached Holocene maxima around 2800, 1900. 1500–1300, 1100 and 600 C14 yr. B P. The majority of the moraines dated by lichenometry were from the 14th century or later. During this interval spanning 600 years glaciers advanced frequently, but no single period was marked by an outstandingly large number of well-preserved moraines.


. Multiple from shoot tips taken from juvenile rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) seedlings was induced on Knops medium with agar, casein hydrolysate, and N6-(A2-isopentenyl)-adenine (2iP) at 15 mg/liter. These shoots could be easily subcultured and rooted readily when cut off and inserted into a peat-perlite mixture under mist in the greenhouse. Nonjuvenile shoot tips from rabbiteye cultivars were difficult to establish in cultures. Successful establishment of some clones occurred by formation of fine, filamentous shoots which were as amenable to subculture as juvenile shoots. A 50-fold multiplication rate every 4 months was obtained with some clones. Abstract. The storage life of 'Clementine' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. pollen was effectively extended in an oxygen-free atmosphere. 'Clementine' pollen held at 4°C enabled satisfactory germination (20%) up to 7 weeks; a similar rate of germination was maintained after 20 weeks by use of N atmosphere. By combining deep freeze temperatures (-18°) with either N or C02 atmosphere for pollen storage, a germination rate of 13% was maintained after 57 weeks. With Poncirus, lower germination rates were obtained (7-9% after 57 weeks), but results paralleled those obtained with 'Clementine' man darin pollen. Poncirus pollen, stored in an oxygen-free atmosphere at —18° for one year, maintained its fertilizing capacity.


In the aftermath of the 2019 European elections, the article tries to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the European Parliament within the framework of the ordinary legislative procedure (co-decision). After defining and formulating the main indicators, the paper analyses the micro- and macro-performance of the European Parliament within the decision-making process from a quantitative-qualitative and a qualitative-quantitative perspective; highlighting the relativizing factors and the responsiveness of the European decision-making process to the Europeans' needs.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia postcore in the restoration for anterior residual crown or root.Methods: 45 destructed teeth were repaired with CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia post-cores and all ceramic crowns.43 crowns were followed up for 3 years.Results: Two restorations of zirconia post and core were loosened.Two restorations of cast post and core and ziconia post and core failed in term of fracture of roots.Two cases showed gingival inflammation.No periapical pathology and fracture of the restoration were observed among these three groups.Conclusion: CAD/CAM one-piece zirconia post –core showed satisfactory esthetic and functional results,and seemed to be a reliable treatment option.


Linen coarse yarn is bleached with a new acid bleaching agent instead of traditional sodium chlorite. Via orthogonal test, optimum process parameters and application scope are defined as follows: bleaching agent 1.5g/L(active chlorine), bleaching at 30℃ for 30 minutes, pH value 5.5. The bleached linen yarn features good breaking length and evenness of size.


Abstract The X-ray structure of Ph4todit. CHCI3 (the title molecule) has shown that the crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 13.393(5), b = 20.764(6), c = 12.286(5) A, β = 97.88(2)°, V = 3384(2) A3, Z = 4. Solution and refinement of intensity data gave final residuals of R = 0.0551 and Rw = 0.0680, using 2958 observed reflections [I > 2σ(I)]. A comparison with the previously reported structural data of the corresponding tetraethyl substituted compound (Et4todit) shows that the only significant differences are observed for the N[sbnd]C[sbnd]C[sbnd]N torsion angle (63.5(7)°, -70(1)° in the Et derivative), and for the values of the torsion angles indicating the orientation of the substituents with respect to the imidazoline ring plane. A spectrophotometric study on the reaction between diiodine and Ph4todit in CHCl3 has shown the formation of a 1:1 charge-transfer complex. A computer program has been used to refine the formation constant at six different temperatures and the extinction coefficient...


Barbizon, Malerei der Natur Natur der Malerei is a compilation of talks given on the occasion of an international symposium on the theme of the individual techniques and working methods of the Barbizon painters which took place in the Haus der Kunst in Munich from 7 to 9 March 1996. The event, organized by the Bayerischen Staatsgemaldesammlungen, the DoernerInstitut and the Zentralinstitut fUr Kunstgeschichte, was held to complement an important exhibition entitled 'Corot, Courbet und die Maler von Barbizon'. Art historians, conservators and scientists from Europe and the United States gathered in a unique attempt to discuss the place of Barbizon within the context of nineteenth-century France and the way in which the painters produced their works. The symposium also offered an opportunity for specialists to debate on Charles-Fran~ois Daubigny's 'Landscape at Auvers-sur-Oise', the authenticity of which had been questioned (Part III, pp. 382-392). The welcome interdisciplinary nature of the colloquium is reflected in the four thematic sections of the present book. The publication begins with a brief introduction by Heilmann reviewing the post-1950s specialist literature on the Barbizon 'school' and the role played by Munich in the popularisation of the movement. It is followed by an essay by Zimmermann who, although not revealing anything new, provides readers with a comprehensive account of the evolution of the status of landscape painting and the Barbizon painters' contribution to the liberalisation of the genre. Why did a new school of landscapists emerge in the 1830s, and why did the subject matter and techniques of the protagonists spark a debate on naturalism? These are some of the historical issues tackled in Part One of the book. But it is Delouche's paper (Part I, pp. 72-93) on the evolution of the representation of peasant subjects, from the picturesque images of the end of the eighteenth century to the crude realism of the 1860s, which really stands out. A specialist in the painting of rural Breton life, Delouche looks at the production of nonBarbizon artists who worked in the French provinces to find the antecedents of Barbizon. Using the example of artists, including Adolphe


The paper analyzes the characters of integrated science textbooks from the viewpoint of contents.The designing ideas,integrative clues,scientific explorations,STS and curricular knowledge are discussed.The purpose of the paper is supply with experiences and advices for the future revision and development of the textbooks.


One dimension of financial inclusion is people's access to loan funds. Fintech facilitates providers of funds (lenders) with those who need funds (borrowers) through the digital market. Fin Tech Peer-to-peer(P2P) lending has two blades for the borrower's perspective, one side as a solution, on the other hand had a risc. This quantitative research used data with research instruments by questionnaires. Data were analyzed from 62 respondents who lived in around Surakarta in Central Java. This study found that potential customers prefer to use this service rather than not using it, when they perceive that P2P lending is a good opportunity to provide financial needs. More important information needs to be conveyed that the decision to delay using these services has a greater tendency to keep using them in the future. These results provide practical implications that doubts about using Fin Tech-based P2P lending financing services are still high even though prospective customers had good perception about the service as an opportunity from the perspective of the prospective customer. Interesting results also showed that the choice remains consistent even though prospective respondents consider the risk of P2P lending. Keyword: Fin Tech Peer to Peer lending, lender, borrower, apportunity, risk


The personal genomics industry (aka direct-to-consumer genetic testing) has created a market for genetic tests as consumer services. This has taken genetic testing out of the clinic and into people's homes. The industry is diverse offering tests for various health conditions and ancestry, as well as more dubious tests, such as 'peace of mind' paternity, 'infidelity' (or surreptitious testing), child talent, and even matchmaking. It is growing rapidly, but at present many tests are not standardized and the industry has not been subject to specific regulation. As with many other Internet based industries, companies tend to rely on their electronic wrap contracts to govern their relationships with their consumers. This book provides an introduction to the world of personal genomics and examines the rise of the industry and its use of 'wrap' contracts, drawing upon the author's review of the contracts of 71 companies that provide tests for health purposes. It explores the different types of tests available and the issues that this industry raises for law and for society.


664Background: Current models to estimate renal cell carcinoma (RCC) recurrence risk following surgery are derived from populations containing primarily low-risk patients. The objective of this stu...


Universal quantum information processing requires single-qubit rotations and two-qubit interactions as minimal resources. A possible step beyond this minimal scheme is the use of three-qubit interactions. We consider such three-qubit interactions and show how they can reduce the time required for a quantum state transfer in an XY spin chain. For the experimental implementation, we use liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, where three-qubit interactions can be implemented by sequences of radio-frequency pulses.


Abstract The emerging analytical laboratory of the late 1990s is based on the technical, quality assurance/quality (QA/QC) control, and safety manuals. While much emphasis has been placed on analytical techniques and QA/QC programs, laboratory safety should not be addressed only in cases of emergency. However, following safety guidelines may not be simple. In many cases in the United States, Federal or State laws, and city or county ordinances are not clear, or limited in scope. University‐affiliated laboratories can often rely on the office of safety and environmental health for university‐wide safety policies. Because these policies are often difficult to implement and because relying on common sense for laboratory safety is insufficient, we drafted 'Safety First', a simple and practical laboratory safety manual. Its objective is to highlight the 'details' that make the laboratory a safe and pleasant place to work in. It is not intended to replace any other official safety document. It is primarily inte...


Background: InnerSource consists of the use of open source development techniques within the corporation. It helps improve software reuse through increased transparency and inter-team collaboration. Companies need to understand their context and specific needs before deciding to adopt any specific InnerSource practices since they cannot apply all InnerSource practices at once. Aim: This study aims to support the case company in assessing its readiness for adopting InnerSource practices to improve its internal reuse, identify and prioritize the improvement areas, and identify suitable solutions. Method: We performed a case study using a questionnaire and a workshop to check the current and desired status of adopting InnerSource practices and collect potential solutions. Results: The study participants identified that the company needs to prioritize the improvements related to the discoverability, communication channels, and ownership of the reusable assets. In addition, they identified certain InnerSource practices as solutions for the prioritized improvement areas, such as better structured repositories for storing and searching the reusable assets and standardized documentation of the reusable assets. Conclusion: The questionnaire instrument aids the case company in identifying the improvement areas related to InnerSource and reuse practices. InnerSource practices could improve the development and maintenance of reusable assets. Keywords: InnerSource, software reuse, readiness


Introduction: Cataract is one of the most common causes of avoidable blindness accounting for 51% of the world's total blindness. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes several complications such as a cataract. Cataract tends to develop at an earlier age in diabetics, and progression of cataract is much more rapid in diabetics. Objective: To assess cases of cataract between diabetic and non-diabetic patients based on factors such as age, sex, type of cataract, HbA1C, duration and treatment for diabetes, and other associated comorbidities. Methods: 35 patients of two groups, diabetic and non-diabetic admitted for cataract surgery in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital were analyzed. Detailed ophthalmic evaluation on visual acuity, slit-lamp examination and fundus examination was done and associated comorbidities were noted in each group. Results: The prevalence of cataract was higher in age-group 40-60 years among diabetic patients, largely in diabetic females; and higher in the age-group 60-80 years among non-diabetics. In Diabetic cases, the Posterior subcapsular cataract(50%) was the common type of cataract, while among Non-diabetics, the nuclear cataract(56.66%) was the most common. 58.82% of all diabetics were hypertensives. Conclusion: The research proves that prevalence of cataract occurs commonly at a younger age in diabetics compared to the non-diabetics with female diabetics more prone to cataract formation. Good glycemic control and early detection of cataract help to retard the progression of cataract and thus prevent blindness due to cataract.


Objective: Evaluate speech recognition in quiet and in noise for a group of 12 children, all of whom underwent sequential bilateral cochlear implantation at various ages (range, 1 yr, 8 mo to 9 yr, 6 mo at time of second implant). Study Design: Retrospective. Setting: Outpatient cochlear implant clinic. Patients: Children who underwent sequential bilateral cochlear implantation. Intervention: Rehabilitative. Main Outcome Measures: Speech recognition in quiet was evaluated for each ear separately using single-word speech recognition assessments (Multisyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Test and Early Speech Perception Test) via recorded presentation. Speech recognition in noise was assessed for each ear separately and in the bilateral condition by obtaining a spondee recognition threshold in the presence of speech-weighted noise presented at 45 dB hearing level. The primary outcome measure for speech recognition in noise assessment was the signal-to-noise ratio for 50% performance, which was calculated by determining the difference between the presentation level of the noise and the presentation level at which the speech recognition threshold was obtained. The results of these assessments were contrasted between children receiving their second cochlear implant before 4 years of age and children receiving their second cochlear implant after 4 years of age. Results: A statistically significant difference for speech recognition scores in quiet was obtained between the early-implanted ear and the late-implanted ears for children receiving their second cochlear implant after 4 years of age. There was not a statistically significant difference in speech recognition scores in quiet between the early-implanted and late-implanted ears of children receiving their second cochlear before 4 years of age. Both groups of children possessed better speech recognition scores in noise (statistically significant at an &agr; = 0.05) in the bilateral condition relative to either unilateral condition. However, there was not a statistically significant relationship between speech recognition performance in noise and the duration of deafness of the later implanted ear. Conclusion: Bilateral cochlear implantation allowed for better speech recognition in noise relative to unilateral performance for a group of 12 children who underwent sequential bilateral cochlear implantation at various ages. There was not a statistically significant relationship between speech recognition in noise benefit, which was defined as the difference in performance between the first implanted ear and the bilateral condition and the age at which the second implant was received. Children receiving bilateral cochlear implants younger than 4 years of age achieved better speech recognition in quiet performance for the later implanted ear as compared with children receiving their second cochlear implant after 4 year of age.


The index that named the comparative advantage degree is put forward in the study,which can evaluate the regional comparative advatage of agricultural resources.The comparative advantage degree of rice plantation of every county in Hubei Province is calculated and it is used to suggest a better riceallocation of Hubei Province.It provides an operable method in optimally planning the riceplantation.


cam pylobacteriosis in developed and developing countries. The source of trace outbreak of this organism next-generation geographical tracing of bacteria. This is helping to shape our of this bacteria is difficult because this bacterium found in different animals. Molecular typing of has been use to subtype that circulating in the environment and human infection. As mentioned in the source infection of campylobacteriosis, it found in many different animal range including fresh water. Thus, molecular typing methodologies helps for characterization and role out of source of infection to human. Whole genome sequencing is a powerful tool to achieve the know the molecular epidemiology of this bacteria in the human, poultry farm, milk and fro environment.


Reversible electrolytic ion exchange is a technique which combines electrical potential and ion exchange process. Absorption on the modified electrode is controlled by applying potential and the desorption is carried out by reversing the polarity. Thus the process can eliminate the use of regenerative chemicals and minimize regenerated waste volume. In the present study copper ion from aqueous solution is absorbed/desorbed electrochemically using stainless steel electrode coated with Amberlite IR 120 H{+} form cation exchange resins. Both the equilibrium and kinetic data of the process are obtained at different solution pH. The results obtained in electrochemical ion exchange process are compared with those from conventional ion exchange method; it is found that electrochemically assisted ion exchange process is able to produce a lower ionic concentration effluent than from a conventional ion exchange method.


The first concise synthesis of a phosphinate analogue of the antitumour ether phospholipid edelfosine is described. The key synthetic step comprised the free-radical addition reaction of phosphinic acid to a functionalised allyl ether, to incorporate the hydrophobic tail into a monosubstituted H-phosphinic acid. The hydrophilic head group was then added by using a silyl phosphonite based Michael addition. The reported synthetic study lays the groundwork for the synthesis of modified phosphinate phospholipid derivatives to facilitate investigations on their biological activity as membrane-targeting antitumour agents.


The temperature dependence of mixed alkali metaphosphate LixRb1−xPO3 (x = 1, 0.5, 0) structures has been studied from room temperature up to about 20 K above the glass transition temperature (Tg) by means of neutron diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo modelling. The results show that the structural changes are limited to a slight temperature-induced broadening of the peaks in S(Q) and a linear thermal expansion of 50–100 ppm K−1. Furthermore, the possible diffusion pathways of the mobile ions have been investigated by the bond valence technique and the results show that they are not significantly affected as the glass is brought above Tg. The decrease in activation energy that occurs above Tg is thus attributed to an increased coupling between the motions of the mobile ions and the relaxation of the phosphate network.


In this paper we generalize the notion of a binary branching tree to that of a uniform tree This class contains also conditioned and size biased branching trees It is shown that uniform trees ful ll the following symmetry properties i The subtree spanned by the root and k leaves chosen purely at random is a uniform tree too ii If we divide a uniform tree into three pieces at a branching vertex chosen purely at random then the parts are uniform too AMS classi cation numbers Primary J Secondary J


View of the contradictions in the relationship of self-esteem and misconduct,this study proposed the concept of academic self-esteem.Based on the literature review,the paper puts forward the hypothetical contingent model of the relationship between academic pressure and academic misconduct behaviors.Then we studied the complicate moderate effect of organization support and academic self-esteem from individual level.Empirical results indicate the positive effect of academic pressure on academic misconduct behaviors.Moreover,academic self-esteem negatively affects the relationship between self-esteem and academic misconduct behaviors.More,organization support negatively affects the relationship between academic pressure and academic misconduct behaviors also.Academic self-esteem negatively affects the relationship between academic pressure and academic misconduct behaviors also.Additionally,by three-way Interaction analysis,we found that when the level of academic self-esteem is higher,the negative influence on the relationship between the research pressure and academic misconduct will increase.


The photovoltaic-battery hybrid power system (PBHPS) is a typical multi-converter interconnected system with two or more converter connected in series and parallel. When a large signal disturbance occurs, the stability of the PBHPS will be threatened due to the interaction between the source converters and the constant power load. We simplify the circuit of the PBHPS with multiple converters, and construct a large signal model with reduced order of the system. Furthermore, a large signal stability criterion is derived with mixed potential theory. The variation range of the parameters to ensure the stability is given. Finally, the validity of proposed criteria is verified by cycle-by-cycle simulations in a PBHPS of 1 kW.


There were many studies for Vibrio parahaemolyticus since it was discovered by Fujino et al in 1950.The author has also studied to clarify the properties of this organism, and found that this organism had a toxic component in its thick envelope. The slime layer of the envelope was isolated and purified. The purified fraction was found to be toxic to mice. The LD50 of the toxic fraction by intraperitoneal injection was about 70 mcg per mouse weighing of 15 gms. This toxic fraction which have a peak at 260 m & mu; in optical density was not inactivated with neither trypsin nor RNase, and its toxicity to mice lost by the enzymatic action of DNase. From the physico-chemical examination, the isolated toxic fraction might be almost purified DNA. These results suggest that the envelope substance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus might have a significant role and its toxic component might be DNA of the organism.


The notion that appeal to the Judaism contemporary with the writing of the New Testament documents will help solve exegetical problems has characteristically taken the form of an appeal to a Judaism that never existed; the practice should be abandoned.


The article expounds and summarizes some experience and lesson achieved in the process of multi-arch tunnel design and construction in Zhejiang Province.Traditional multi-arch tunnel adopts linear middle-wall,which consists of complicated construction steps.In general,as a V-shape rock area up,the middle-wall will be disturbed several times in construction process,and plastic deformation is so obvious as to result in collapsing.Besides,the longitudinal construction joint between the arch part and middle-wall,which always becomes the penetration passage of underground water,as well as incidentally clogging vertical drainage tube in middle-wall greatly affects waterproof performance.Due to the shortcomings mentioned above on structure mechanical and waterproof performance in traditional multi-arch tunnel with linear middle-wall,a novel multi-arch tunnel with curvilinear middle-wall is put forward.It′s proved by numerical analysis that the new structure has much more excellent mechanical performance.As a result,the plastic deformation in the V-shape rock area up the middle-wall is controled effectively.As for waterproof performance,the second lining of the new structure is separated from the middle-wall.For the unattached second lining has no construction joint,water penetration via construction joint,which is a common quality defect in traditional multi-arch tunnel,is avoided.What is more,the new structure can simplify construction steps and shorten construction period taking advantage of mechanical operation.


Preface Has Science Established that the Cosmos is Physically Comprehensible? Mach, Einstein, Dark Matter & Knowability Geometrization of Matter: A Novel Paradigm in General Relativity Relativistic Viscous Universe Models Cosmology & Science Implementing Hilltop F-Term Hybrid Inflation in Supergravity Relative Velocities, Geometry, & Expansion of Space Index.


AbstractObservations on the photographic reproduction of fine line, edge and sine-wave test images show that while the spatial frequency or sine-wave response function of the process is independent of image configuration in the absence of chemical diffusion effects this is not always the case in their presence, the response for the high-frequency components being higher for the reproduction of edge and fine-line images than for sine-wave images. A possible explanation of this result and its consequences is suggested.


The present invention adopts hierarchical physical channel frame structure, and features that the signal frame consists of frame body with sync OFDM and frame sync comprising PN sequence codes. A frame group head and several signal frames constitute a frame group; several frame groups constitute a superframe; several superframe constitute a superframe group; and several superframe groups are transmitted circularly in the natural day period. The signal frame can be confirmed uniquely by the signal frame sync PN sequence and the superframe of the superframe group is defined uniquely by the frame group head. It is favorable to reliable and flexible information transmission.


Abstract Microelements are supplied at low concentrations, yet have a profound effect on plant growth. These experiments explore the role of their chemical form and that of nitrogen on plant uptake. Chrysanthemum × morifolium cv. Bright Golden Anne, which is sensitive to ammonium, was the test plant. There were four hydroponic treatments with nitrogen supplied at 200 ppm as either 100% nitrate or 25:75 ammonium to nitrate. Micronutrients were supplied either in the chelate or ionic salt form. All other macro cations and anions were the same concentration. All solutions were allowed to stand for 24 h and then adjusted to pH 5.9–6.0. Once the plants were set into the solution they were allowed to adjust for 1 h before the pH was measured hourly for 24 h and then measured 4 times per day for 14 days. As expected both solutions of 100% showed an increase in pH from 6.2 and 7.1 within 5 h. As expected, the pH of the 25:75 ammonium:nitrate, with micronutrients as ionic salts decreased from 5.8 to 5.2, while the chelate solution was stable between 5.8 and 6.3. During the entire time course there was a daily oscillation within each pH range for the nitrate-based solutions.


The regular membership and the table constraints are very powerful constraints which allow it to substitute every other constraint in a constraint satisfaction problem. Both constraints can be used very flexible in a huge amount of problems. The main question we want to answer with this paper is, when is it faster to use the regular membership constraint, and when the table constraint. We use a machine learning approach for such a prediction based on propagation times. As learning input it takes randomly generated constraint problems, each containing exactly one table resp. one regular membership constraint. The evaluation of the resulting decision tool with specific but randomly generated CSPs shows the usefulness of our approach.


Three novel coordination polymers, [Mn(TPB)0.5(IPA)(H2O)2]n (1), [Zn1.5(TPB)0.5(TMA)(H2O)·(H2O)]n (2), and [Co(TPB)0.5(PMA)0.5(H2O)2·(H2O)]n (3) (TPB = 1,2,3,4-tetra-(4-pyridyl)-butane; H2IPA = isophthalic acid; H3TMA = trimesic acid; and H4PMA = pyromellitic acid), have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized. Complex 1 features a 2D infinite layer framework consisting of bi-manganese clusters, which is further stacked along the [11] direction via strong interlayer π⋯π interactions to form a 3D supramolecular architecture. Complex 2 has a 3D complicated framework comprised of two kinds of infinite 1D chains. The 3D framework of complex 3 possesses three topologically nonequivalent 4-connected nodes synchronously and exhibits an unprecedented (64·102)(42·84)(4·65)2 topology. The magnetic susceptibility data of complex 1 show strong antiferromagnetic interactions in the dinuclear Mn(II) units. Complex 2 exhibits strong fluorescent emissions in the solid state at room temperature and may be suitable as a candidate of blue-fluorescent material.


The bibliographical history offers an interesting point of view for a better understanding of the rise and development of ontology, as an autonomous discipline, in early modern thought. After Luther's interdict, the metaphysics was neglected in many protestant academies and excluded from the disciplinary classifications (§§ 1-2). The return of metaphysics, at the end of the 16thcentury, coincided, in many cases, with the affirmation of the new scholastic paradigm of ontology (§ 3). An illustrious precedent of this paradigm was constituted by the Jesuit Francisco Suarez and his Disputationes metaphysicae (§ 5). The Jesuit models - not only that by Suarez, but also those by Benet Perera and Pedro da Fonseca - represented the standard on which Calvinists and Lutherans built their own metaphysics in an ontological way. This paper provides a conspicuous number of case studies in which the passage from metaphysics to ontology becomes definitively clear: this debate takes place throughout the first handbooks, tr...


Cloth Simulation Filtering (CSF) is an algorithm that is effectively applied to mobile 3D laser point cloud filtering. The classification threshold in cloth simulation is a key parameter for separa...


Nanoparticles of NiO (NP-NiO) were prepared by a novel sonochemical route from Ni acetate and sodium hydroxide without any requirement of calcinations steps at high temperature and without surfactants. Drop casting of the Nano crystals onto alumina substrates allowed the fabrication of gas sensing devices, which were tested towards NO2 and CO and showed promising results. At low working temperature, the NiO nanoparticles based sensors are selective to nitrogen oxide; in fact a good sensitivity is shown at 200 ◦C at low concentration (2 ppm), while at temperature above 350 ◦C, high responses are obtained for carbon monoxide. The results obtained are stimulating for further developing of nano-NiO based sensor devices.


An optical network is provided which comprises a plurality of optical network units (19) and optical source means (3) connected and arranged to transmit light signals to each of the plurality of optical network units (19). The optical source means (3) are capable of transmitting light signals at one or more of a plurality of different wavelengths and at least one optical network unit (19) is operable to accept more than one of the said wavelengths. Further, each wavelength of the plurality is accepted by at least one of the optical network units (19) such that each such wavelength is accepted by a different subset of optical network units (19). The optical network further comprises control means (18) operable to cause the optical source means (3) to transmit light signals at one or more selected such wavelengths corresponding to respective desired subsets of the optical network units (19). This may be done in response to required bandwidth redistribution.


Demonstration test design based on Bayes method for equipment which has the normal distribution expectation with variable known was studied.The solution method of demonstration test plan was carried out based on two risks,and with simple hypothesis,the solution procedure and the formula for test sample size are given.Finally,the test design procedure was analyzed with an example;the method is validated by comparison with the traditional method.


This paper describes a graphical method for the optimization of Quadrature Voltage Controlled Oscillators (QVCOs) based on the coupling of two LC-tank VCO. A three-dimensional phase noise analysis diagram and graphical optimization approach is presented, to optimize QVCO phase noise while satisfying design constraints such as power dissipation, tank amplitude, tuning range and start up condition. The obtained QVCO can be tuned between 2.2GHz and 2.58GHz, and shows a phase noise of −129 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from a 2.4 GHz carrier, for a current consumption of 9.25mW. The equivalent phase error and amplitude error between I and Q signals are respectively 0.65° and 1.87%.


This paper discusses the Lucid identification systems, which are computer-based identification tools aimed at contributing to taxonomic capacity building by enabling identification keys to be easily developed and by increasing the availability and usefulness of these keys by making them available on CD or via the Internet. This paper focuses on the Lucid identification software, particularly in the areas of: software development, particularly the new Lucid3 matrix key system; Lucid key development a number of new keys released which provide identification aids for specific groups of invasive/quarantine species; Lucid training which is part of the AusAID ASEANAPEC technical support program; and future developments aimed at new and faster ways of producing digital keys.


Distributed Antenna Systems or Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) small cell wireless solutions are liberalized and their growth encouraged by a recent FCC rulemaking. HetNets are from a regulatory policy perspective a logical or physical extension of Internet Service Provider networks, even when owned and operated by 3rd parties. In a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) or vehicle ad-hoc network (VANET) devices, people and/or connected cars, or perhaps drones or wearables, are both independently owned and operated, and linked together as nodes participating in the joint routing and dynamic sharing of information. This paper evaluates virtualized network, cloud and Internet of Things services. Other trade-offs such as energy use, security vulnerabilities and resultant lack of trust must also be accounted for in these new and proliferating ad hoc networks. These new more fluid and flexible networks can flexibly link to data centers to offer a variety of public, private and hybrid cloud applications as a service. The objective of this paper is to review ad hoc networks, technologies and business models in light of the FCC small cell and distributed antenna system rules, and the subsequent conclusion of the FCC Open Internet order. The first hypothesis is that the 2 new FCC rules are logically inconsistent. Second, if assessed in light of infrastructureless or ad hoc network business models, the move away from lightweight information service regulations represented by the Open Internet Order may inhibit growth of the Internet of Things. The third hypothesis tested is that a new Open Specifications Model may enable both standards and policy intermediaries to engender trust sufficient to enable these new services to grow, in spite of the identified policy and regulatory barriers. This is especially significant for public policy in the case of, emergency services, whose unique characteristics may require transcendence of policy barriers blocking other categories of shared, infrastructureless ad hoc network services. Specifically, the high degree of flexibility and mobility needed in emergency situations requiring agility, rapid adaptation, and resiliency, and the role of Over the Top services delivered by MANETS, VANETs and HetNets are highlighted as posing particularly problematic challenges for the FCC given its public safety mission and stated intent to encourage mesh networks for public safety purposes. Digital services outside of emergency contexts which could be impacted by the intersecting rules include cloud TV or Over the Top (OTT) video and social media services, as well as any number of other possible digital services for the Internet of Things and other industrial Internet solutions. The access ISPs under the 2015 FCC Open Internet rules are treated the same in all cases whether offering wired or wireless, mobile or fixed access, as some have long advocated. Except for the sections of Title II which the FCC has determined it will forebear application to access ISPs at present. How these rules may intersect with emerging architectures and business models for Internet of Things services is the principal focus of this paper. Data comes from analyses of the fall 2014 and spring 2015 FCC rules applied to Internet of Things and cloud services. Advanced architectural and innovation policy initiatives of US Ignite and the Industrial Internet Consortium are reviewed as well... The paper concludes that the Internet of Things requires greater architectural and business model flexibility than is afforded by the FCC's initial efforts to apply portions of the Telecommunication Act of 1996 to cloud services without accounting for ad hoc networks, and will offer policy recommendations for FCC and OECD consideration.


Models of set theory are defined, in which nonconstructible reals first appear on a given level of the projective hierarchy. Our main results are as follows. Suppose that n ≥ 2 . Then: 1. If it holds in the constructible universe L that a ⊆ ω and a ∉ Σ n 1 ∪ Π n 1 , then there is a generic extension of L in which a ∈ Δ n + 1 1 but still a ∉ Σ n 1 ∪ Π n 1 , and moreover, any set x ⊆ ω , x ∈ Σ n 1 , is constructible and Σ n 1 in L . 2. There exists a generic extension L in which it is true that there is a nonconstructible Δ n + 1 1 set a ⊆ ω , but all Σ n 1 sets x ⊆ ω are constructible and even Σ n 1 in L , and in addition, V = L [ a ] in the extension. 3. There exists an generic extension of L in which there is a nonconstructible Σ n + 1 1 set a ⊆ ω , but all Δ n + 1 1 sets x ⊆ ω are constructible and Δ n + 1 1 in L . Thus, nonconstructible reals (here subsets of ω ) can first appear at a given lightface projective class strictly higher than Σ 2 1 , in an appropriate generic extension of L . The lower limit Σ 2 1 is motivated by the Shoenfield absoluteness theorem, which implies that all Σ 2 1 sets a ⊆ ω are constructible. Our methods are based on almost-disjoint forcing. We add a sufficient number of generic reals to L , which are very similar at a given projective level n but discernible at the next level n + 1 .


Here we present a brief report on recent developments of the Redberry computer algebra system through two practical examples: derivation of Feynman rules from arbitrary Lagrangians and computing NLO processes with heavy quarkonia.


Objective To investigate the criteria for patient selection and the postoperative complications of lung volume reduction surgery(LVRS) in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and to observe the effects of LVRS.Methods 57 patients with severe COPD were underwent LVRS.The results of lung function,arterial blood gas analysis and 6-min walk distance(6MWD) were analyzed before and 6 month after LVRS.Results 57 patients with severe COPD were underwent LVRS,with a goal of resecting 20 to 30 of each lung.3 patients died and 1 patient got worse after the operation.The other patients got better and had better exercise capacity.FEV_1,TLC,RV,PaO_2 and 6MWD of the other patients were improved significantly in 6 month after LVRS(all P0.05),but there was no statistic difference in PaCO_2.Conclusions Lung-volume reduction surgery can result in short-term benefits,with a goal of resecting 20 to 30 of each lung.The effects of LVRS is connected with the criteria of LVRS.


Purpose – The purpose of this review was to integrate and organize past research findings on affective, normative, and continuance occupational commitment (OC) within an integrative framework based on central life span concepts. Design/methodology/approach – We identified and systematically analyzed 125 empirical articles (including 138 cases) that examined OC with a content valid measure to the here applied definition of OC. These articles provided information on the relationship between OC and four distinct life span concepts: chronological age, career stages, occupational and other life events, and occupational and other life roles. Furthermore, developmental characteristics of OC in terms of construct stability and malleability were reviewed. Findings – The reviewed literature allowed us to draw conclusions about the mentioned life span concepts as antecedents and outcomes of OC. For example, age and tenure is more strongly positively related to continuance OC than to affective and normative OC, nonlinear and moderating influences seem to be relevant in the case of the latter OC types. We describe several other findings within the results sections. Originality/value – OC represents a developmental construct that is influenced by employees' workand life-related progress, associated roles, as well as opportunities and demands over their career. Analyzing OC from such a life span perspective provides a new angle on the research topic, explaining inconsistencies in past research and giving recommendation for future studies in terms of dynamic career developmental thinking. OCCUPATIONAL COMMITMENT FROM A LIFE SPAN PERSPECTIVE 1 Occupational Commitment From a Life Span Perspective: An Integrative Review and a Research Outlook Occupational commitment (OC), which is broadly defined as the psychological link between a person and her or his occupation (Lee et al., 2000), represents a core concept for understanding an individual's career development and associated attitudes, behaviors, and choices (Blau, 1989, CooperHakim and Viswesvaran, 2005). Past research has shown that OC is related to, for instance, turnover intentions (Blau, 1989), job performance (Lee et al., 2000), and other commitment foci, such as work commitment (Cooper-Hakim and Viswesvaran, 2005), career satisfaction (Aryee et al., 1994), and work–nonwork issues (Okurame, 2012). Hence, OC affects an individual's work and life-related development, and can be a guiding mechanism for meaningful, identity-building career and life planning (Meyer et al., 2008). Drawing upon a developmental perspective, some studies have analyzed OC or related constructs from a life span perspective, for instance, by using the concept of career stages (Aryee et al., 1994, Ng and Feldman, 2007), or by occasionally analyzing OC developments (Vandenberg and Scarpello, 1994). Taking a life span perspective involves focusing on the ways that different workand nonwork-related roles, opportunities, and demands—which are experienced throughout one's entire (working) life span—influence, and are influenced by, OC. Such a life span developmental perspective on OC is relevant and timely because fundamental changes in the workplace, such as increasingly aging workforces or ongoing labor market (de)regulations, have shaped an environment with high demands for organizational and occupational mobility and lifelong learning (Hall, 2002, Ng and Feldman, 2007, Zacher, 2015), where OC plays a central role. Moreover, individual role constellations and expectations (from oneself and others) within one's occupational and private life domain have become more individualized, dynamic, and complex (Carstensen, 2006, Greenhaus and Kossek, 2014), showing the relevance of applying a more dynamic life span perspective on OC development, as well as on its predictors and outcomes. However, we are missing a systematic review that integrates research on OC from a life span perspective, and thus have yet to understand how OC influences, and is influenced by, changing OCCUPATIONAL COMMITMENT FROM A LIFE SPAN PERSPECTIVE 2 patterns of roles, opportunities, and demands throughout one's life span. Instead, past meta-analytic work on OC has focused on conceptual issues, such as how different dimensions of OC are related to other work commitment foci (Cooper-Hakim and Viswesvaran, 2005). Consequently, life spanrelevant correlates (e.g., chronological age, career stages, and life events) were not analyzed. Another meta-analysis (Lee et al., 2000) analyzed only affective OC in relation to sociodemographic and work-related variables. Although some of the investigated correlates can be linked to a life span perspective (e.g., chronological age, tenure, or turnover), the meta-analysis did not integrate the results from the lens of a life span perspective. Moreover, since the meta-analysis (Lee et al., 2000) was conducted 19 years ago, recent research on OC has not been considered. In sum, past metaanalytical review work applied either a conceptual or more static perspective to OC, and did not aim to understand OC from a life span perspective. Against this background, the aims of the current review were threefold. First, we provide a comprehensive overview of scholarly research on OC from a developmental life span perspective. We draw upon knowledge provided within theoretical and empirical work, and apply a systematic procedure for reporting central characteristics of relevant, published quantitative empirical studies (e.g., applied measurement of OC, study design, and study sample). Specifically, we integrate research results within an organizing framework based on theoretical approaches from life span (career) development (e.g., Lent and Brown, 2013, Baltes et al., 2014, Super et al., 1990). This framework focuses on how central life span concepts (i.e., chronological age, career stages, occupational and other life events, and occupational and other life roles) can be seen as drivers or outcomes (or both) of OC. Second, because a developmental perspective on OC optimally investigates effects on and of OC changes, we examine past longitudinal quantitative studies (e.g., Vandenberg and Scarpello, 1994) with regard to absolute mean changes and relative rank-order change in OC over time. Third, we develop a state-of-the-art agenda for future research on life spanrelated OC research, considering both theoretical and methodological aspects. Such a future research agenda focusing on developmental aspects of OC is specifically important for OC research because it OCCUPATIONAL COMMITMENT FROM A LIFE SPAN PERSPECTIVE 3 aims to foster more dynamic research on OC, considering both life span-related concepts and the passage of time. The Concept of Occupational Commitment We conceptualize OC as a psychological link between a person and her or his occupation (Lee et al., 2000). Thus, someone with higher occupational commitment strongly identifies with and has positive feelings about their occupation (Blau, 1985). Although such an affective OC dimension described as a person's emotional attachment to their occupation (Blau, 2003) or as desire to remain in the occupation (Meyer et al., 1993) was predominant in past OC research, other important dimensions of OC do exist: normative OC is defined as an obligation to remain in the occupation, whereas continuance OC can be seen as a perceived cost associated with leaving the occupation (Meyer et al., 1993). Frequently applied measures for either one or all three OC dimensions include the OC scales from the Blau (2003), or modified versions of organizational commitment measures (e.g., Meyer et al., 1993). Usually, among the three OC dimensions, studies have shown the strongest, but moderately positive relationship between affective and normative OC, followed by a weaker, positive relationship between normative and continuance OC (Meyer et al., 1993). Affective and continuance OC are occasionally negative, or not related (Meyer et al., 1993), although the latest meta-analysis on this topic shows, on average, a positive correlation, with a high variability between studies (Cooper-Hakim and Viswesvaran, 2005). This overall picture points toward the importance of differentiating between the three OC dimensions within this review. Past research used the terms occupation, profession, and career somewhat interchangeably in the commitment literature. We avoided using the term career commitment (Carson and Bedeian, 1994, Blau, 1985) because of ambiguity in the meaning of the term career. Career can be defined as a desired or planned pattern of work from career entry to retirement, or as involvement in a particular job, organization, or occupation (Meyer et al., 1993). Because we were interested in reviewing commitment as a psychological link between a person and her or his occupation (in the sense of conducting a particular line of work), we felt that the term occupation was more appropriate than the term career. Moreover, the Carson and Bedeian's (1994) Career Commitment Measure includes OCCUPATIONAL COMMITMENT FROM A LIFE SPAN PERSPECTIVE 4 dimensions that are different form the meaning of OC understood here: career identity, career planning, and career resilience. We chose to use the term occupation rather than profession (Adler and Aranya, 1984) because both professionals and nonprofessionals can experience commitment to the work they do. Hence, in our opinion, occupation is more inclusive than profession, and therefore more in line with the conceptualization of commitment targeted here. A Life Span Perspective of Occupational Commitment Life span theories (e.g., Baltes, 1987, Baltes et al., 2014, Carstensen, 2006) provide a useful theoretical lens for understanding OC because they acknowledge the construct's developmental component. Accordingly, OC and an individual's work and life-related progress are interrelated, such that career and life planning affects OC. Its developments, in turn, can g


Objective : The purpose of this research was to investigate the prevalence rate of Hwa-Byung for the whole population in a local community. Method : Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule(HBDIS) was carried out for 671 participants in Wonju Cohort study. HBDIS is objective questionnaire for diagnos...


A simple dual-band antenna for MICS (402–405 MHz) and GPS (1570–1580 MHz) bands is developed and discussed in this paper. The effective shunt inductance property of shorting pin and effective electrical length property of slot is used on a conventional circular patch antenna (CPA) to reduce the resonant frequency of the modes (TM11and TM21). A single shorting pin is placed at the periphery to drop down the resonance frequencies. After that 12 equal rectangular slots are incorporated along the circumference of a 24 mm radius circular patch for further reduction hence, the size of the antenna is reduced by 94.73% in compared to the conventional CPA. The measured impedance bandwidth for MICS and GPS band is about 8.9% (384-420 MHz) and 3.17% (1.55-1.6 GHz) respectively. The simulated 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is about 6.21% (390-415 MHz) for MICS band and 1.9% (1.56-1.59 GHz) for GPS band. This antenna can be very useful for real-time data transmission and tracking the dynamic location of human body, especially for elderly persons. The 50 mm x 50 mm x 1.6 mm proposed antenna is fabricated and measured to validate the simulated results and it shows good agreement.


Through the comparative study in ideological and moral cultivation and legal basic course and moot court teaching,the thesis points out the difference of them in nature,the purpose of design,the operation design,at this stage based on " basic" courses in moot court should belong to the teachers and students customize forms of practice teaching,to improve college students' citizen legal quality.Trial should be taken to show the style hall,to select undergraduate subjects of real cases,in order to achieve a wider range of legal effect.


As a result of the global lockdown, countries around the globe are now facing multiple crises at the same time: a health crisis, a financial crisis, and a colla


Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRCP using 0.3 Tesla MRI in patients with obstructive jaundice.Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at the Radiology department of Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar from October 2014 to February 2016 using non probability consecutive sampling. 59 patients of all age-groups with obstructive jaundice were selected. Previously diagnosed and follow up cases of obstructive jaundice were excluded.Results: MRCP accurately identified the level of biliary obstruction in 54 (91.5%) out of 59 cases. Among these 34(62.9%) had malignant stricture,12(22.2%)had Choledocholithasis, 3(5.5%)were with pericholecystectomy CBD ligation, 3(5.5%) had choledochocele and 2 (3.7%) had cholangitis. The study was in conclusive in 5(8.4%) cases.Conclusion: MRCP is highly sensitive, noninvasive imaging modality IN determining level of obstructive jaundice. MRCP examinations done with low field strength MR systems are good for evaluation of biliary duct pathologies. These MR systems are reliable and practical. There are cheap to install and operate.


ABSTRACT Arsenic is present in a variety of environmental media including minerals, rocks, sedimentary deposits, soil, water and plants. It tends to be transported and exchanged among these environmental components. Arsenic can be released to the environment through human activities including mining exploitation, metal smelting, waste incineration, coal combustion and the use of pesticides, herbicides, crop desiccants, wood preservatives, and food additives for livestock containing arsenic compounds. Bioaccumulation of arsenic occurs in some aquatic organisms. The existence of a biological methylation/demethylation cycle for arsenic results in the presence of various forms of both organic and inorganic arsenic in the environment. Arsenic in water can undergo a complex series of transformations, including oxidation-reduction reactions, ligand exchange, precipitation and biotransformation. Acid mine drainages as well as mine tailings are of great concern due to their extremely high arsenic concentrations observed and reported.


Abstract The ternary Al –Ca –Mg phase equlibria were investigated using X-ray diffraction methods, metallography, scanning electron microscopy with energy- and wave-length-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and differential thermal analysis. The phase diagram was determined in the complete composition range. Large ternary solubilities were found for the binary phases CaMg2, Al2Ca and Al3Ca8. Microstructures of samples with compositions near the ternary monovariant eutectic L → CaMg2 + Al2Ca show remarkable rod-like crystals that are identified as intergrowth between CaMg2 and Al2Ca. A consistent thermodynamic model was developed using the Calphad method incorporating all experimental data. It was used to calculate all pertinent phase equilibria of the Al –Ca –Mg system.


Aim: A prospective study on Impact of Anemia and Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy, Baptist Hospital, Bangalore, India Methodology: the prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months from September 2016_Febrry to 2017. All inpatients women who are pregnant and anemic. The patient data collection was used to collect all the details like inpatient number, age, sex, social history, history, laboratory data, diagnosis, therapeutic management. All inpatients diagnosed anemia in pregnancy and pregnant women without anemia. Fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be enrolled into the study and their prescriptions will be analyzed on daily basis. The prescription guidelines, Micromedex, interaction checker, drug interaction database, and Stockley's drug interaction book 8 edition. The drug interaction in prescription was collected and then compare with guidelines. When the analysis of prescription was completed then all data entered into the appropriate software and the results were gained. Results: The present study was focused to find out the presence of anemia in 110 pregnant women who were admitted to gynecology and OBG wards of BBH (Bangalore Baptist Hospital). Presence study showed that anemia was Confirmed in 50 patients. Of these 28(25.4%) of them diagnosed as mild anemic, 20 (18.1%) Of them with Moderate and 2(1.8%) of them as severe anemic patients. The result of this study showed that LBW is higher in anemic women 19(25%) compared to non-anemic 17(21%). Conclusion: The present study showed from a total of 110 patients were included in this study, anemia was confirmed in 50 patients. Of these 28(25.4%) of them diagnosed as mild anemic, 20(18.1%) Of them with Moderate and 2(1.8%) of them as severe anemic patients. More low-birth-weight (LBW) babies were born to anemic mothers. Anemia in pregnancy may be reduced by proper Iron and folic acid supplementation which can be improved through providing proper ANC services. Has also a recognizable association with fetal outcome. Keywords: Anemia, Iron, anemia, iron supplementation, pregnancy, low birth weight.


Three weeks of intensive surveys in Norfolk Island National Park in 2009 failed to find Whitechested White-eye Zosterops albogularis and it was calculated that there was a less than 17% probability that a population of 10 birds had been overlooked. The last multi-observer record of this species was in 1978, and it is recommended that the species' IUCN Red List status of "Critically Endangered" is tagged as "Possibly Extinct". During these surveys, the population densities of seven bird species were calculated from 352 independent point counts. Causes of imprecision and bias were investigated, suggesting a small underestimation. Other species were recorded too infrequently, or their distributions were too biased, for analysis. The population densities of the extant endemic taxa were relatively high and suggest no current declines, and the population estimates were consistent with previous studies. This study recommends monitoring most species by point counts, or line transects if resources are limited, supplemented with specific monitoring of Tasman (Norfolk Island) Parakeet Cyanoramphus cookii, Pacific Robin Petroica multicolor, Southern Boobook Ninox novaeseelandiae and seabirds. Ongoing monitoring of these birds is needed to help inform management of the National Park and the island in general, given their small population sizes and their likely susceptibility to rat and cat predation, competition from alien species and drought.


Four cases of typical "Patulous Canal" are presented. Two of the patients had von Recklinghausen's disease. Patulous canal is defined as bilateral dilatation of the internal auditory canal without an accompanying acoustic neurinoma.Bilateral perceptive deafness may rarely accompany this syndrome.Etiologies of bone changes of von Recklinghausen's disease may be summarized as:1. Changes in the bone secondary to mass effect of neurofibromas.2. Intrinsic factors in the initial stage of ontogenesis.Among the latter, abnormalities of mesodermal tissues are found frequently.Ontogenitically the skull, especially the temporal bone including the internal auditory canal, are derived from the peri-otic capsule of the cartilaginous neurocranium which is of mesenchymal origin.The inner ear is derived from the otic vesicle which separates from the epidermal ectoderm.The presence of bone changes such as dilatation of the internal auditory canal in von Recklinghausen's disease and in other illnesses may suggest that bony changes are accompanied by mesenchymal abnormalities ontogenetically.The rarity of the complication of deafness may be explained by the low incidence of coincidental involvement of both mesenchymal and ectodermal tissues in congenital and intrinsic abnormalities.Attention has been focused on the occurrence of similar bony changes, such as dilatation of the internal auditory canal in von Recklinghausen's disease. The possible mechanisms causing these changes are discussed from the embryological viewpoint.


This paper probes into the significance of anti-corruption to strengthen our party's governing ability from the party's legitimacy,the quality of party,the party's philosophy and the party's governing style.The paper insists on that it is very important to carry on anti-corruption firmly and effectively,especially to construct our party's governing ability.


Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy is a sensitive probe of molecular structure which can provide significant information on the structure and composition of unknown substances and confirm the presence of some chemical groups.IR fiber optics possesses high performance which can be applied to transmission of IR light.The coupled technique of FTIR and mid-IR fiber optics can simplify the sample preparation in traditional IR spectroscopy.Formation of new compound is observed in situ and reaction process can be monitored on line using FTIR fiber optics technique.In this study,mid-IR fiber optics technique was applied to liquid phase systems and solid/liquid reaction systems.In the liquid phase system,we investigated the saponification reaction of naphthenic acid-octal alcohol-heptane and the formation mechanism of water in oil(w/o) microemulsion during saponification.The interaction between naphthenic acid and octal alcohol was observed.With adding ammonium hydroxide,the peak around 1708 cm-1 disappeared and the peak at 1548 cm-1 enhanced and the peak position of water emerged and shifted to 1637 cm-1 from 1642 cm-1,which is the position of water molecule in IR spectroscopy.It showed that water is constrained in aqueous droplet of naphthenic acid-octal alcohol-heptane and microemulsion is formed through the saponification.In the solid/liquid reaction system,complexation reaction between o-phthalic acid and europium chloride was investigated.The interaction between o-phthalic acid and EuCl3 in neural medium was ignored in previous study,but this weak interaction was observed using FTIR fiber optics technique in our present investigation.The results showed that the component and structure of the final complex were effect by the difference of adding sequence.Therefore,FTIR fiber optics technique may become a new method of monitoring chemical reaction in real time.


Sports games is an important part of the high school physical education,physical education teachers as organizers should fully understand the positive role of sports games,reasonable sports games at the appropriate stage of the secondary school physical education lively and effective.This paper,researching on high school physical education,sports games use,is intended to further enhance their understanding of sports games and hopes to key at certain reference value when secondary school physical education teacher chooses and uses the sports game.


Key phrasal verbs are provided in context, with full sentence definitions and examples, in a way that allows students and users of English as an international language to understand phrasal verbs and to use them correctly and appropriately.


Working capital management is an important concept that could influence companies in many ways. An efficient management of working capital can help a company to manage its finances and increases its profitability. This study investigates the relationship between working capital management and profitability in non-financial companies listed in the Saudi Stock Exchange. A sample of 67 companies is used for a period of ten years (2007-2016). Quantitative method using multiple linear regression and pooled data set is used for analysis. The results indicate a positive relationship between working capital management and profitability. However, each company could have a different optimal level of working capital and could require different strategies to increase profitability. This study is limited to non-financial companies listed in the Saudi Stock Exchange. This study is a positive contribution to working capital management literature as it uses a relatively large sample, a longer time period, and multiple profitability proxies in the context of Saudi Arabia which has few researches in this area.


Aims: The study aims to evaluate socio-economic and zootechnical characteristics, and biosecurity practices in cultured fish farms in the West Region of Cameroon. Study Design: A stratified cross-sectional study using random-number generation method of fish farms and their locations to select fish farms without replacing the number. Original Research Article Ngueguim et al.; AJRAVS, 6(2): 4-19, 2020; Article no.AJRAVS.59559 5 Place and Duration of Study: Fish farms in West Region, Cameroon between December 2018 and April 2019. Methodology: Questionnaire survey and on-farm observations to obtain information on socioeconomic characteristics of farmers, production characteristics of fish farms, biosecurity and preventive measures. Fifty-one fish farms were surveyed. Results: Most respondents were married (96.1%) Muslims (51%) men (84.3%) with primary school level education (51%) and at least 40 years old (92.2%). Mix fish species farming was widespread with Oreochromis niloticus (100%) being predominant followed by Clarias gariepinus and Cyprinus carpio (47.1%), Heterotis niloticus (9.8%) and Clarias jaensis (5.9%). The fishes were fed once daily (35.3%) with farm-made feeds (66.7%) and showed 7 to 12 months breeding cycle (76.5%). Predation, theft, lack of financial and technical support were the main constraints for fish farmers. Extensive (94%) fish farming was predominant and isolation (66.66%), sanitation practices (94.12%) and traffic control (62.75%) were the biosecurity components adopted in farms. Lack of finance was the major cause of abandonment and poor biosecurity compliance rate (<25%) in the study. Husbandry system, culture duration, pond water source, capture method and religion of farmers influenced (p<0.05) biosecurity scores. Conclusion: The study presents the first report on socioeconomic and technical characteristics, and biosecurity measures of fish farming activities in Cameroon. It revealed no socio-cultural and religious taboos in fish farming. Farm biosecurity practices can be improved through education and training of farmers on farm practices and biosecurity measures in collaboration with academic and fishery industry partners for improved productivity of fish farms in Cameroon.