There are some problems in mathematic narrative problem learning in rural Elementary Schools. The problems derive from students and teachers. Many students still find difficulty in working on mathematic narrative problem. It is due to the language used in the narrative problem is considered as less familiar and less contextual to students. The problem the teachers encounter is that they are less accustomed to develop their own mathematic narrative problem. Meanwhile, through developing their own mathematic narrative problem, teachers get much benefit. The benefit includes more varying, newer and contextual material and more joyful learning process. A mathematic narrative problem written in understandable language and attractive story will make the students interested in reading, understanding its meaning, and then working in more easily. Mathematic narrative problem should be developed by integrating character education into it, so that the students can make the good characters of the figure told the role model. The good mathematic narrative problem is developed consistent with the norms of mathematic narrative problem development. However, there are still many teacher-made mathematic narrative problem developed regardless the norms. Particularly, there are still mathematic narrative problems not integrating yet the character education value into it. Keywords: mathematic narrative problem, teacher-made, familiar, contextual, character education value


We propose the concept of molecular structural or shape negative and positive response and develop it within the molecular force field ansatz using the graph theory.


Abstract This article presents an argument in support of the case for a close re-examination of some of the policy assumptions that are made about learning and teaching in post-compulsory education. What is presented is a lifelong learning perspective, and it is argued that this involves a different conception of learning and teaching to that which is commonly presented by researchers and policymakers. Aspects of critical theory, discourse analysis and postmodernist thought contribute to this reconceptualisation. The implications for government and institutional policies are highlighted and, in the light of the analysis, it is suggested that both may need to change unless they are to continue to present major barriers to access.


Abstract The article offers an analysis of two autobiographical novels about World War Two and the years following it: A Sound of the Past ("Mineviku heli", 1992) by Käbi Laretei and A Woman in Amber by Agate Nesaule (1995), focusing on the representation of the impact of traumatic exile experience on gendered national identity of the authors/narrators and their positions in their respective exile communities. Both works stand out among the numerous Baltic memoirs and autobiographical works centering on the exile experience by highlighting certain taboo issues, the most important of which is wartime sexual violence against women and its impact on national self-identification. The article explores the problematic boundaries between history and fiction, and the place the two texts map out in relation to the genre of autobiography, concluding with a claim to the importance of women's voices in the collective memory of World War Two for the two Baltic communities for and to which Nesaule and Laretei speak. What triggers your wish, or rather your inner need to look into yourself and into those closest to you without a trace of pretence and at times with relentless frankness, your courage to undress in front of your reader? Agu Sisask, preface to Käbi Laretei, At Home Over There; Here In Exile. I would see her thrashing about in the dark water, struggling not to be pulled under by the monstrous fetus that would not let her go. She tried to speak, to call for help, to explain herself, to scream, but no words would come. No one could hear her. Agate Nesaule, A Woman in Amber.


A symmetric coupled double‐quantum‐well (CDQW) structure in InGaAs/InAlAs lattice matched to InP can give enhanced Stark effects for electroabsorption modulation near 1.3 μm. The optical features of this material are the dramatic quenching of the heavy‐hole exciton and the simultaneous emergence of the normally forbidden higher‐order transitions. An effective‐mass model for the double‐quantum‐well structure yields predictions in good agreement with experimental results. The model can be used to predict the optical properties of not only symmetric CDQWs but also asymmetric structures as well.


To improve the efficiency and accuracy of plane segmentation for indoor point clouds, this paper proposes a fast and precise plane segmentation framework which mainly consists of two steps: plane rough segmentation and precise segmentation. In the rough segmentation stage, the point clouds are firstly voxelized, then the original plane is extracted roughly according to the plane normal vector and nearest voxels conditions. Based on the results of rough segmentation, a further operation composed of downsampling and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is adopted to produce efficient and precise segmentation. Finally, to correct the over-segmentation, the distance and normal vector angle thresholds between planes are taken into consideration. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the efficiency and accuracy of indoor point cloud plane segmentation, and the average intersection-over-union (IoU) achieves 0.8653.


Heat transfer and overall heat transfer in a double pipe heat exchanger fitted with twisted-tape elements and titanium dioxide nanofluid were studied experimentally. The inner and outer diameters of the inner tube were 8 and 16 mm, respectively, and cold and hot water were used as working fluids in shell side and tube side. The twisted tapes were made from aluminum sheet with tape thickness (d) of 1 mm, width (W) of 5 mm, and length of 120 cm. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a diameter of 30 nm and a volume concentration of 0.01% (v/v) were prepared. The effects of temperature, mass flow rate, and concentration of nanoparticles on the overall heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer changes in the turbulent flow regime , and counter current flow were investigated. When using twisted tape and nanofluid,
 heat transfer coefficient was about 10 to 25 percent higher than when they were not used. It was also observed that the heat
 transfer coefficient increases with operating temperature and mass flow rate. The experimental results also showed that 0.01% TiO2/water nanofluid with twisted tape has slightly higher friction factor and pressure drop when compared to 0.01% TiO2/water nanofluid without twisted tape. The empirical correlations proposed for friction factor are in good agreement with the experimental data.


Abstract Unlike the older, highly prospective Salawati Basin of Irian Jaya, the adjacent Bintuni Basin and the complementary Lengguru Fold Belt are young features formed in Late Cainozoic times. They may have been produced by collision between the West Irian Jaya microcontinent and the northwestern margin of the Australian continent, along a shortlived east-facing subduction zone extending along the west side of Sarera Bay north of the newly discovered Recent potassic volcano at Jamur Lake. Deposition of shallow-water carbonates (New Guinea Limestone Group) in Irian Jaya ceased in Middle Miocene times and this limestone forms a basement to the Late Cainozoic clastic sediments filling the highly asymmetrical Bintuni Basin. From outcrop in the western margin of the basin the limestone plunges eastwards to a maximum depth of 4000 m, then again crops out in the Lengguru Fold Belt just east of the deepest point in the basin. The Lengguru Fold Belt comprises Mesozoic clastics and Tertiary limestones of shelf facies and is an accuate belt of asymmetric to overturned en echelon folds which are truncated to the south by the Tarera–Aiduna Fault Zone and overlapped by the Bintuni Basin to the north. The intensity of folding and deformation in the fold belt increases eastwards, and along its eastern margin the folded sediments are largely low-grade metamorphics faulted against the Late Cainozoic gneisses of the Wandamen Peninsula. The large volume of sediment underlying the fold belt is revealed by a large negative gravity anomaly which extends from the northern Bintuni Basin south–eastwards along the eastern margin of the fold belt and not as expected southwestward into the basin itself. This indicates that the deformed sediments may be stacked over a relatively undeformed sequence of similar sediments, and may be separated from them by a major decollement.


Can economic development retard democracy, defying expectations of classic modernization theorizing? If so, under what conditions? Our article addresses the puzzle of poor democratic performance in highly urbanized and industrialized postcommunist states. We assembled an original dataset
 with data from Ukraine's local and national elections and constructed district- (rayon) and region- (oblast) level indices of electoral quality. Regions and districts that score higher on developmental indices also score lower on electoral quality, including in Ukraine's Western
 regions conventionally considered more democratic than the predominantly Russian-speaking Eastern regions. We explain these outcomes with reference to the peculiarities of Soviet industrial development, which facilitated the emergence of "oligarchs" in territories housing Soviet-era mega-industries.
 Our research contributes to comparative debates about the links between economic development and democracy.


The effects of sulfonated phenol\|formaldehyde resins(SPF) on the compressive strength of cements and concretes are investigated. The results show that the compressive strength of cements and concretes can be remarkably improved by SPF, and it is dependent on amount of SPF, content of sodium sulfate in SPF and degree of sulfonation.


In one example, the invention provides a substrate for growing a thick layer of Ⅲ nitride. The substrate opposite to the first surface and the first surface provided for the epitaxial growth of Ⅲ-nitride and has a second surface having a plurality of grooves. The present invention also provides a method using the groove substrate to produce a thick layer or bulk crystal of a nitride Ⅲ. The groove board In one configuration decreases the bowing and / or growing a spontaneous separation is a thick layer or bulk crystal of possible Ⅲ nitride from the substrate.


Cinnamon is a very important crop to Sri Lanka because of its nativity. Due to the highest demand for Sri Lankan true cinnamon, the highest export agricultural income can be earned from cinnamon than all the other crops. Land use information is very much important in decision making to utilize the lands optimally in agricultural development process. This research was conducted to identify and analysis the land use change of cinnamon cultivation in selected GramaNiladhari Divisions in Kamburupitiya, Thihagoda and Malimbada DS and to map the land use changes using Geographic Information System(GIS) and Remote Sensing(RS) techniques and finally to find the reasons for the changes and then to suggest solutions. Aerial photographs in 1970's and 1990's and satellite image in 2011 were used to get the information of the cinnamon lands. Geographic Positioning System(GPS) records which were collected from existing cinnamon lands were used. Aerial photographs and satellite image were geo-referenced and then overlaying was done using ArcView GIS 3.2a soft ware. The specific pattern of the cinnamon lands were denoted by GPS records in aerial photographs and satellite images. Mapping was done by marking identified boundaries of the cinnamon lands which were identified according to the specific pattern. Finally cinnamon land extent was calculated using 'X' tools extension in ArcView GIS 3.2a soft ware. The cinnamon land area of the study area has reduced over the past 40 years due to the urbanization, increase of the population, and land fragmentation. Government subsidies are important in improvement of the cinnamon cultivation. Also extension services and the training programs will be helpful to develop cinnamon cultivation in Sri Lanka.


A review of Ostrinia nubilalis oviposition behaviour is given. The position of egg masses on the maize plants and the leaf were sampled in the field. Most egg masses were found on the lower leaf side, on the middle part of the leaf or closer to the stem, and close to the mid-rib. Direct observations of oviposition behaviour were made in climate rooms and field cages. O. nubilalis moved very little on the plants and only 10 % of the females that landed on the plants oviposited. Females oviposited where they landed, and walked only a few centimetres if at all. Near the egg masses, scales of the adult were not abundant, 37% had no scales in the vicinity, and 45% only a few scales. Many scales were found on other places of the plants. Thus, scales are not an indicator for the presence of egg masses in their immediate vicinity. At the leaf and plant level, scales might serve as a useful host-cue to Trichogramma brassicae, an egg parasitoid of O. nubilalis. INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF OSTRINIA NUBILALIS OVIPOSITION BEHAVIOUR Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the European corn borer, is an important pest of maize in most temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. In order to understand the host-finding behaviour of its egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, it is necessary to know the behaviour of its host. T. brassicae is not specialized on O. nubilalis or maize. It parasitizes other lepidopteran eggs on other host plants (Suverkropp, unpubl.). The egg stage of lepidopterans is hard to detect, because it does not feed and thus produces no frass and excrements. Parasitoids can improve their chances to detect hosts by using hostcues produced by a stage of the host that is more detectable than the stage that the parasitoid is searching for (Vet and Dicke, 1992). This infochemical detour is used by T. brassicae, which reacts to scales and sex pheromones of the adult O. nubilalis (Smits, 1982; Kaiser et al, 1989; Renou et al, 1989, 1992; Bieri et al, 1990; Frenoy et al, 1991, 1992). Whether these adult cues are reliable depends on the behaviour of the adult, which determines where these cues will be found in time and space. Learning is used by parasitoids to connect stimuli that are easy to detect but unreliable with stimuli that are hard to detect but reliable cues to host presence. T. brassicae can associate the odour of maize with the presence of O. nubilalis egg masses after an oviposition experience (Kaiser et al, 1989), but the reaction to host scales of Mamestra brassicae was not influenced by oviposition experience (Gardner and van Lenteren, 1986). A generalist might have a strong fixed response to cues that are common to all its hosts (Vet and Dicke, 1992), but in that case it is unable to optimize its responses by learning. The more fixed the responses to scales, the stronger differences in scale distribution between host species will affect the parasitoid.


The structure of generator coordinate kernels for nucleus-nucleus scattering is analyzed with respect to various particle exchange contributions due to antisymmetrization. This analysis leads to an algorithm for a systematic computation of the kernel, and is suitable for revealing their analytical form. The method may be used as a guideline for computer aided symbolic algebra calculations.


We present theoretical three-dimensional fully differential cross sections (FDCSs) for electron-impact excitation-ionization of helium when the ionized electron is found outside of the scattering plane. Using our first Born approximation model, we examine the effects of electron correlation in the initial state and show that it significantly affects the shape of the out-of-plane FDCS.


The works in this study examine three scenarios. The scenario (I) as a common scenario with the base station (BS) and users are equipped with multiple antennae over Nakagami‐m fading channels. To improve system performance, the transmit antenna selection (TAS) and maximization of successive interference cancellation (max‐SIC) framework are deployed. A novel cumulative distribute function (CDF) for the scenario (I) is proposed, and the outage probability (OP) in novel closed form can be obtained. It is challenging due to scenario (I) consists of massive users equipped with multiple antennae over Nakagami‐m fading channels. Therefore, this study proposes scenario (II) with a maximum of SIC and minimum of instantaneous bit rate (max‐SIC‐min‐rate) framework for aiding multiple access to reduce the algorithm complexity of the scenario (I). Some adaptive multiple access strategies are proposed as adaptive PA factors, adaptive min–max bit rate threshold, and adaptive Nakagami‐m coefficient are proposed. Finally, the scenario (III) is examined by also applying the max‐SIC‐min‐rate framework as the scenario (II), however, comparing to the adaptive min–max bit rate threshold to investigate the OP, system throughput, and energy‐efficient (EE) performances. The obtained results as shown in the numerical results section confirm that, on one hand, the system performance of the scenario (II) is approximate or better than the scenario (I) at the same transmit power; on another hand, the scenario (III) reaches the system throughput and EE performances better than the other scenarios at the high transmit power. The analysis results are proved and verified by Monte Carlo simulation results.


Experiences in multi-cultural rehabilitation settings involving individuals with disability (patients' culture) and those without disability (rehab professionals' culture) can be a great source of learning for both of them. The moods and emotions felt by patients often call for modification of approach and strategies using different interventions (like leisure and recreational activities) which leads to novel insights and experiences by the patients and the professionals alike. Therefore, the learning process as witnessed in rehabilitation is a continuous phenomenon for all those involved and has been explored in this chapter from perspective of social psychology using concepts of social cognitive theory and social identity theory. The chapter illustrates the above through a real clinical scenario and the consequent learning points that were taken back from the experience by the author, her rehab team, and the patients with a disability as a cohort.


Case Report A 56-year-old female porcelain painter presented with a 2-year history of recurrent severe eczema of the hands and forearms, sometimes spreading to the upper arms. The eczema worsened during work and improved during vacations. At work, the patient applied different kinds of colours to porcelain with a brush before or after firing. The pigments were previously mixed with oil of turpentine or other oils like lavender or anise. Patch tests and readings were performed according to the recommendations of the DKG (I) and of the ICDRG with standard and fragrance series, supplemented with industrial porcelain pigments. Positive reactions were found to oil of turpentine, fragrance mix, colophony, lavender oil and anise oil (Table 1 ). There were no positive reactions to the porcelain colours themselves. The patient recovered completely after replacing oil of turpentine with water-based solvents and using protective gloves wherever possible.


Abstract. Renal responsiveness to synthetic human parathyroid hormone (HPTH) 1–38 was examined in seven healthy volunteers. Each subject received three different doses (35 μg, 17.5 μg, 8.75 μg) as bolus intravenous injections. Rapid, transient, dose‐dependent decreases in diastolic blood pressure and increases in heart rate were observed, as reported previously in animal studies, suggesting an acute vasodilatory effect of the hormone. The extracellular cyclic AMP responses were brisk and dose‐dependent in the group as a whole as well as in the individual subjects. In contrast, the phosphaturic responses, though statistically significant with all three doses, were of a lesser magnitude and showed an individual variability. Nearly maximal decreases in TmP/GFR were found even after the lowest dose with minimal increases in cyclic AMP in some subjects. The injections of HPTH 1–38 also induced a dose‐dependent natriuresis which was accompanied by an increase in excreted calcium. It seems that under these experimental conditions the sodium‐dependent renal calcium transport cannot be compensated by the effects of the hormone on the distal tubule. HPTH 1–38 can be safely and predictably used for the assessment of renal responsiveness to PTH in routine clinical practice.


Starting from the 4th decade of life mechanisms of "wear and tear" slowly but steadily degrade cells and systems of the human body. Inflammaging is the continuous low-grade process of inflammation causing oxidative overload, epigenetic and metabolic alterations. These induce age-related diseases that threaten general health and well-being. Aside from early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases and so-called healthy lifestyle, judicious nutraceutical supplementation is of pivotal importance for adding quality adjusted life years. In the present paper the author describes the rationale for such nutraceutical based on extensive literature review, as well as personal pragmatic and controlled clinical trials.


The receptorial responsiveness method (RRM) enables the estimation of a change in the concentration of a degradable agonist, near its receptor, by fitting its model to (at least) two concentration-effect (E/c) curves of a stable agonist of this receptor. One curve should be generated before this change in concentration, while the other one after this change, in the same (or in identical) biological system(s). It follows that RRM yields a surrogate parameter ("cx"), the concentration of the stable agonist that is equieffective with the change in the concentration of the degradable agonist. However, the curve fitting can be implemented several ways, which can affect accuracy, precision and convenience of use. This study utilized data of previous ex vivo investigations. Known concentrations of stable agonists were estimated with RRM by performing individual (local) or global fitting (with one or two model(s)), combined with the use of a logarithmic (logcx) or non-logarithmic parameter (cx), and with ordinary least-squares or robust regression. We found that the individual regression, the most complicated option, was the most accurate, followed closely by the moderately complicated two-model global regression and then by the easy-to-perform one-model global regression. The two-model global fitting was the most precise, followed by the individual fitting (closely) and by the one-model global fitting (from afar). The use of cx and robust regression did not, whereas pairwise fitting (i.e. fitting only two E/c curves at once) did improve the quality of estimation. Thus, the two-model global fitting, performed pairwise, is recommended for RRM, but the individual fitting is a good alternative.


Pleural fluids from 10 patients with tuberculous pleural effusions contained high levels of small molecular weight breakdown products of C3 (C3d) and of properdin factor B (Ba) when compared to 16 patients with effusions of neoplastic origin (P less than 0.001). The same fluids exhibited overlapping values of haemolytic factor B, classical or alternative pathway-mediated haemolytic activity and native C3. A significant correlation between Ba and lysozyme levels was found in all effusions tested (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that activation of the complement system is an important aspect of the extensive inflammation and tissue destruction characteristic of human tuberculosis.


In the last decade new materials were launched on the market. This is the case of PCB substrates, also. Requirements for improved heat transfer between power components and the solid metal base led to a new PCB technology, on copper and aluminum substrates. Typical applications are those where high level of heat has to be dissipated from the circuit (in LED applications, for example). Requirements for a very clean environment led to create PCBs on glass substrate. Typical applications are for medical instruments, products and devices. Addressing only to SMT issues, the new materials are a challenge for conventional assembling technologies. High thermal mass of the substrate makes impossible the IR and convection reflow assembling, especially since the lead-free technology raised the process temperature. In this case, Vapour Phase Soldering (VPS) technology seems to be the most appropriate for obtaining the best assembling results. Using VPS and having broad knowledge in the management of assembling technologies and Design For Manufacturing (DFM) represent the key of success in case of PCB products based on glass. The paper presents the applied research performed in an assembly line based on VPS equipment, in order to define the design requirements for assembling circuits on glass substrate. Even for electronic medical applications the RoHS European Directive is not yet mandatory, this work is useful for the future, when lead-free products will cover also this area of electronics.


Review(s) of: Outrage in order: The archival turn in feminism, by Kate Eichhorn, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2013, 208 pp. $27.95, ISBN: 1439909520.


The temperature difference which cause crack in the mass concrete is one of the problems of the engineering.In this article,author analysis the kinds of mass concrete structure's temperature crack,the cause of mass concrete structure's temperature crack and then give us how to control mass concrete's temperature,and list some techniques to prevent temperature crack.


This development research aimed to 1) know the development process of mathematical comic learning media on the subject of algebraic expression that was valid, practical, and effective for grade VII of Junior High School students, 2) obtain mathematical comic learning media on the subject of algebraic expression which was valid, practical, and effective for grade VII of Junior High School students. The development model was using a modification of 4-D development model from Thiagarajan, Dorothy S. Semmel, and Melvyn I. Semmel became a 3-D development model. The procedure of this development consisted of three stages, namely 1) define, 2) design, and 3) develop. The results of this study were 1) The process of developing comic learning media that was valid, practical and effective was found. 2) The mathematical comic learning media products on the subject of algebraic expression that was valid. From the validity data analysis, a validity of learning media score is 3,3, lesson plans obtain a validity of lesson plan score is 3,66. a validity of knowledge assessment instrument score is 3,46, a validity of the students' responses questionnaire score is 3,84. 3) The mathematical comic learning media products on the subject of algebraic expression was practical with practicality score is 3.3214 and 4) The mathematical comic learning media products on the subject of algebraic expression was effective were obtained. The products produced were two comic books with the subject of introduction to algebraic expressions and addition, subtraction and multiplication operations of algebraic expressions. The subject was presented in the form of stories with illustrations of black-and-white images and was equipped with practice questions.


The dielectric behavior of half doped manganites La0.5Ca0.5‐xSrxMnO3 (0.1≤x≤0.4) with varying antiferromagnetic ground states has been studied. The relative permittivity e′(T) exhibits a maximum accompanied with high dielectric losses around the ferromagnetic (TC) and charge ordering transition (TCO) temperatures. The activation energies obtained below TCO are the same ∼0.12 eV whereas the relaxation time constant varies in the range 2.8×10−9 s–6.03×10−11 s.


This study examined the breakfast eating habits of 1,259 college students over an eleven year period to determine if eating breakfast had an impact upon their grade on a General Biology exam. The study determined that there was a significant difference in the performance on the exam with a higher percent of the participants, who had eaten breakfast passing the exam. The study found that only 65.6 percent of the students participating in the study had eaten breakfast. This finding supports the results of several other studies that people of college age show an increase in the percent skipping breakfast over individual of a younger age.


SUTE 8OO According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided an WASHINGTON, DC 20037 (US) infrared-sensitive planographic printing plate precursor (73) Assignee: FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD including: a Support; a recording layer on one surface of the es Support, which recording layer contains a water-insoluble and alkali-soluble resin and an infrared absorber, and is (21) Appl. No.: 11/523,529 capable of forming an image by infrared irradiation; and an (22) Filed: Sep. 20, 2006 organic polymer layer on the other Surface of the Support, which organic polymer layer is formed by coating and (30) Foreign Application Priority Data drying a solution that contains at least one organic polymer


Laminar free convective heat transfer in channels formed between series of vertical parallel plates with an embedded line heat source was studied numerically. These channels resemble cooling passages in electronic equipment. The effect of a repeated boundary condition and wall conduction on mass flow rate (M), maximum surface temperature ({theta}{sub h,max} and {theta}{sub c,max}), an average surface Nusselt number (Nu{sub h} and Nu{sub c}) is discussed. Calculations were made for Gr* = 10 to 10{sub 6}, K = 0.1, 1, 10, and 100, and t/B = 0.1 and 0.3. The effect of a repeated boundary condition decreases the maximum hot surface temperature and increases the maximum cold surface temperature. The effect of a repeated boundary condition with wall conduction increases the mass flow rate. The maximum increase in mass flow rate due to wall conduction is found to be 155%. The maximum decrease in average hot surface Nusselt number due to wall conduction (t/B and K) occurs at Gr* = 10{sup 6} and is 18%. Channels subjected to a repeated boundary condition approach that of a symmetrically heated channel subjected to uniform wall temperature conditions at K {ge} 100.


It is indicated that the constitution in the modern state is the basis of the legal system, that is, it determines its normative component (legislation and other sources of law), as well as the system of state institutions, legal ideology, and legal consciousness. Thus, the Constitution defines the entire paradigm of constitutional and legal relations in one or another period of state development. At the same time, the transformation of ideas about the content of the constitution also reflects social and political processes.The article is devoted to the study of the process of formation and development of constitutionalism, the understanding of the term "constitution" and the idea that philosophers invested in this concept, looking for a better model of a stable political system of the state. The article analyzes the term "constitution" in historical retrospect and how it correlates with the understanding of constitutionalism in modern legal literature. The homeland of constitutionalism was the ancient Greek polis, and the main theoretician in this field was Aristotle, who, based on the study of the constitutions of the polis of his era, came to the conclusion that the best model of a constitution is a mixed constitution, since it is this model that guarantees a stable political system. An example of a mixed constitution was the constitution of Sparta. According to the opinion of Polybius and Cicero, the model of a mixed constitution was characteristic of Ancient Rome as well. The model of the mixed constitution was accepted by modern constitutionalism as a guide.The article concludes that the constitution in a narrow sense was understood as an institutional arrangement with an indication of who has access to governing bodies and can participate in decision making. Thus, it was about state management. The constitution, in a normative sense, was designed to adapt a just system of government to the nature and purpose of the community of citizens.


Pressed-powder pellet and thin sample are used to make measurements and the values of Mo,S and minor elements are calculated from calibration curves or by fundamental parameters methods. The results obtained are comparable to those given by chemical analysis and spark source mass spectrometric analysis.


We analyze two anisotropic atom–atom models used to describe the crystalline α, β, and γ phases of S8 crystals, the most stable compound of elemental sulfur in solid phases, at ambient pressure and T≲400 K. The calculations are performed via a series of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, with flexible molecular models and using a constant pressure–constant temperature algorithm for the numerical simulations. All intramolecular modes that mix with lattice modes, and are therefore relevant to the onset of structural phase transitions, are taken into account. Comparisons with experimental data and previous results obtained with an isotropic atom–atom molecular model are also performed.


Objective To understand the status quo of implementation of immune program in Guilin in order to providescientific basis for improving immune program measures.Methods According to "The Comprehensive Evaluation Plan ofGuangxi Immune Program Working Quality"the immune program working quality in 12 counties of Guilin was evaluated.Results The immune programs of Guilin'stwelve counties were implemented well,the immune program management was in astate of stability.However,the insufficient number of personnel and poor distribution of funds,low qualified vaccination rate,themissing of signing the injected record,and the disorderly management of the vaccines were the main influential elements to lowthe comprehensive qualities of the immune program in Guilin.Conclusion The key problem is to increase investment in theimmune program,and properly replenish personnel;as well as establish a system of immune program work responsibility.


twenty-first-century immersive audience member, explores how two very different, sitespecific productions by Swiss/German performance groups test the different kinds of agency made possible by digital tools. Likewise, Susan Kozel's chapter, 'Performing Encryption', considers how her own experiments in movement and performance installations might create 'noise in the system' (p. 129) that can disrupt the pervasive, low-level surveillance that has become a worrying part of twenty-first-century life. Indeed, though the collection makes no claim to an overarching argument, issues of agency and surveillance frequently surface throughout its essays. Martina Leeker, in 'Performing (the) Digital', warns that 'Digital cultures are increasingly non-transparent, directing human agency on an affective level (affective computing), and are implemented for operations in the dark' (p. 47). Sigrid Merx, in her 'Mapping Invisibility', focuses on how 'surveillance art' that documents the walking paths of excluded and dispossessed immigrants in Amsterdam might in fact 'interrupt and counter our contemporary surveillance society' (p. 161). In both cases these authors draw attention to the controlling aspects of technology, which may constrain us in ways that we do not fully understand, but that also might be used to subvert and redirect the seemingly all-knowing gaze of digital surveillance systems. Another point of convergence across the collection is an interest in the affective potential of such technologies and the experiences they produce. Oliver Leistert, in 'Mobile Phone Signals and Protest Crowds', considers how an understanding of 'affect as the base of all sociality' (p. 145) might help us theorize the nature of group experience as mediated through phone technologies. Marie-Luise Angerer, in 'Speculation about 1:0', reflects in turn on 'how digital technologies enable new affective performances' (p. 83), especially within the new intervals of time that such technologies expose. As digital culture changes the way we relate to each other and to ourselves, new forms of emotional and embodied experience necessarily emerge. Overall there is much to admire in this collection, which illustrates well the many entanglements produced by digital technology, the performing arts and twenty-firstcentury life. A clearer guide to the shared points of emphasis in the volume would be helpful, as would a stronger steer away from academic jargon in some chapters. Still, this is a valuable and impressive book for both its interdisciplinary coverage and the theoretical insights arising from its creative case studies.


3D NAND memory structure with improved process margin and improved performance is provided. Such memory structures, a first insulating layer and a control gate material and the floating gate material disposed between the second insulating layer, disposed between the control gate material and the floating gate material metal a layer, as interpoly dielectric (IPD) layer electrically insulating the control gate material from the floating gate material, the IPD layer disposed between the metal layer and the control gate material, the opposite control gate material It may include a tunnel dielectric material coupled to the floating gate material side.


This article reports synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) and its composites having various amounts of selenium (Se) in the presence of nitric acid in aqueous medium via chemical oxidative polymerization. Samples were spectroscopically characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Although morphology of the samples was examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), their thermal properties were studied via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The alternating current (ac) conductivity and dielectric properties were investigated as a function of temperature. Variation of adsorption free energy obtained from Langmuir adsorption isotherm showed that metal cations were physically adsorbed onto the polymer surface. SEM images showed that filling process significantly changes the morphology of PPy. DSC results indicated that cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) of unfilled PPy decreases with increasing filling level. Dielectric measurements showed that relaxation times for PPy and its composites have decreased linearly with increasing temperature. The conductivity


Two new xanthons, musaxanthone (1) and asmaxanthone (2) were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia rigida. The structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analysis.


The victory of Sandinista Revolution involved deep transformation to Nicaragua in several fields, one of them Culture. With the creation of the Ministry of Culture, whose Minister was Ernesto Cardenal, - where carried out among other projects- Poetry Popular Workshops, Show the history of this workshops, its ways of organization, poets that were involved, that still writing. Also mention about the controversy between Nicaraguan intellectuals, due to some of them thought that workshops limited poetry creation, is one of the aims of this essay. As well aims make a contribution to understand and read into from other perspectives the new Nicaragua that at the end of 80´s decade (when Mexico and other Latin American countries was told of neoliberalism) was an example of dignity an rebellion. Keywords: nicaraguan poetry, popular poetry, workshop poetry.


The title metal-organic framework, [Cd3(L)2(cis-1,4-chdc)2(trans-1,4-chdc)] (1, L=2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, 1,4-H2chdc=1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid) has been synthesized under hydrothermal condition and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a=0.851 71(17) nm, b=1.199 9(2) nm, c=1.521 4(3) nm, α=68.13(3)°, β=79.48(3)°, γ=82.32(3)°, V=1.415 0(5) nm3, Z=1, C62H52Cd3F2N8O12, Mr=1 476.32, Dc=1.732 g·cm-3, F(000)=738, μ(Mo Kα)=1.197 mm-1, R=0.067 6 and wR=0.135 4. The cis-1,4-chdc2- ligands bridge the Cd(Ⅱ) cations to form a trinuclear Cd(Ⅱ) based double chain along the a axis. Further, the trans-chdc2- ligands link the adjacent double chains to yield an interesting two-dimensional network. The L ligands are attached on both sides of the layers.


Laboratory cultures of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), and the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryza (L.), were invaded by mites of two genera, Typhlodromus and Acaropsis. Several acaricides were tested for the purpose of eliminating mites from rearing and testing areas of the laboratory without causing undue harm to insects in cultures. Methods are described for the use of Kelthane and Chlorobenzilate to eradicate mites in rearing and testing areas of a stored-product insects laboratory, the use of Kelthane for the control of mites in weevil cultures, and for the prevention of new infestations.


With attendance rates at library workshops and events in decline, the authors looked to data from practice to help the field move forward. Using survey responses from providers of 161 library workshops across Canada and the United States, the authors examined 10 key variables that are widely believed to impact attendance rates (topic, month, time, duration, advertising, location, target audience, series status, buy-in, and incentives). Analysis of the responses highlights several trends in attendance and offers a better understanding of what students are looking for from extracurricular educational opportunities like those provided by libraries.


In this paper, we established the transport systems for micro structures by using surface swarming of Vibrio alginolyticus. First, we confirmed that YM19 and YM19AcheY, that were a kind of the variant strain of V. alginolyticus appropriating for surface swarming, were able to transport the micro beads. Next, we examined relationship between the transport speed and the diameter of the micro bead. The micro channel was applied to control the cell movement. And then we succeeded in causing the rotational transportation of object through this method.


In this paper, we give two precise definitions of a higher order oscillating sequence and show the importance of this concept in the study of Sarnak's conjecture. We prove that any higher order oscillating sequence of order $d$ is linearly disjoint from all affine distal flows on the $d$-torus for all $d\geq 2$. One consequence of this result is that any higher order oscillating sequence of order $2$ is linearly disjoint from all affine flows on the $2$-torus with zero topological entropy. In particular, this reconfirms Sarnak's conjecture for all affine flows on the $2$-torus with zero topological entropy and for all affine distal flows on the $d$-torus for all $d\geq 2$.


The ability to measure mechanical properties via scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been a leading pursuit as the field has developed over the past 20 years. Various measurement methods have been introduced, but the ability to reliably provide unambiguous mechanical property contrast, especially for soft matter such as polymers or polymer containing materials, remains elusive. Phase imaging, in which the difference in the phase between the cantilever drive and response is monitored, is perhaps the most common SPM method to provide contrast due to mechanical properties. However, phase imaging is plagued by wellknown artifacts including contrast inversion and phase shift due to multiple mechanical property intricacies, such as adhesion, dissipation and stiffness.


The anthocyanins of plant raw material was extracted with supercritical CO_2 extraction,this method has some strongpoint,such as the time is short,high purity,extraction volume is big,etc.This paper discussed the extraction technology of anthocyanins of the Malva sylvestins L.var mauntiana miller with supercritical CO_2,designed for the technological process,researched the influence of the pression,temperature,time and material fluid ratio to extracting ratio,and the best extraction parameter were:pression of extract was 25Mpa,temperature was 60℃,treatment for 45min,for material fluid ratio for 1∶25,this condition has the highest extraction ratio.


This paper examines the effect of land speculation on investment decisions by cattle ranchers in Latin America, and the subsequent consequences for deforestation under varying levels of land price uncertainty and interest rate subsidy. Based on the Neoclassical investment theory, a stochastic reversible investment model with adjustment costs is developed in which land prices are modeled as a geometric Brownian motion. Analytical results indicate that: 1) the optimal rate of investment is dependent on the price of land at a specific moment in time, 2) the value of the farm increases with the variance in land prices due to speculative returns from land, and 3) the maximum farm size attained over time will be larger, the larger the variance in land prices. For the numerical example of an average cattle rancher in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica, it is shown that lower fluctuations in land prices lead to a reduction in these speculative returns, as well as a reduction in the maximum farm size attained over time. This effect is further reinforced in combination with lower interest rate subsidies. Consequently, it can be concluded that variability in land prices alone is a sufficient condition for land speculation and subsequent deforestation of agrarian frontier areas by cattle ranchers in the Atlantic Zone of Costa Rica, and that this deforestation is further promoted by subsidized livestock credit


Every irreducible algebraic variety is uniquely determined by one of its generic points. Thus, algebraic varieties can be represented by describing the generic points of their irreducible components. These generic points can be given by regular chains [4]. Therefore, any algebraic variety V is uniquely determined by regular chains. Remarkably, algorithms computing those decompositions [4, 1] need not use polynomial factorization into irreducibles. In fact, a regular chain may represent several irreducible components. Consequently, the ideal associated with a regular chain (i.e. its saturated ideal) may not be prime. The case of zero-dimensional varieties is of great practical interest. For instance, the authors of [2] have developed a probabilistic and modular algorithm for solving zero-dimensional polynomial systems with rational coefficients. Once a modular image of each output regular chain has been obtained (say by using an algorithm such as [1] modulo an appropriate prime number) a lifting step [7] yields the desired solutions. This lifting step boils down to inverting and multiplying matrices modulo regular chains. For sufficiently large problems, this matrix inversion is a bottleneck, mainly due to memory consumption in testing invertibility of an element modulo a regular chain. This latter operation is difficult to implement efficiently, particularly within a high-level interpreted programming language, as reported in [6]. In this study, we propose an algorithm that resolves this difficulty. We rely on the Leverrier-Faddeev algorithm which requires only a single division to invert a matrix from R[x]m×m, where R is a ring [3]. The algorithm is easily understood by first considering the evaluation of a square matrix A at its characteristic polynomial p(λ) = det (λI−A) = λ − a1λm−1 − · · · − am−1λ− am. After re-arranging terms and multiplying by A−1 we get


In the analysis of weak non-leptonic decays (abbreviated as NLD's) of hadrons various ingredients and effects should be taken into consideration, even when the theory provides the fundamental form of the weak interaction among the constitu ents. It is necessary to clarify the respective roles of these ingredients in order to make a correct estimation of the physical transition amplitudes. Now it is widely believed that the fundamental weak interaction of non-lepton lC decay of ordinary hadrons at lower energies is given by the New-Nagoya-GIM modelll (or its extension to six-quark KM model")) with the left-handed charged currents. Then the main problems concerning NLD of ordinary hadrons can be summarized as follows: (a) to understand what is called "enhancement" of the LII = 1/2 amplitudes and "suppression" of the LII = 3/2 ones; (b) to understand consistently the observed features of the S and P waves of hyperon decays as well as kaon decays. It has long been pointed out"J that, as far as the non-leptonic weak interac tion H wNL is a product of color-singlet V-A currents, only the flavor-anti symmetric component contributes to the one- (low-lying) baryon matrix elements (B' IHwNL[B) leading to the JJ = 1/2 rule for hyperon decays in the framework of PCAC and current-algebra technique. For the recent few years some progress has been made from two different sides. First the strong interaction effects at short distances are investigated on the effective weak Hamiltonian where we meet the operators containing a certain kind of right-handed current.'J Secondly, the mag nitude of (B' IHnlC[B) has been discussed by using the composite model and the effect of the confinement has been argued to be large enough to account for the observed magnitude of the LII = 1/2 amplitude of hyperon decays. 5)


Introduction: Quantitative determination of tissue perfusion, permeability and blood volume fraction applying DCE-MRI requires knowledge of the arterial plasma concentration of the contrast agent (CA) in the vessels feeding the tissue of interest. This arterial input function (AIF) must be sampled with high temporal and spatial resolution to enable stable pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling [1]. With current MRI techniques it is difficult to achieve the temporal resolution needed for CA dynamics present in small animals. Partial volume and flow artifacts further complicate the situation. It was previously demonstrated that the use of dynamic computed tomography (CT) in combination with standard MR CA allows the determination of a population AIF (popAIF) in rats [2]. Applying this technique, we analyzed the impact of rat cardiac frequency on the AIF properties detected in the rat abdominal aorta and the accompanied changes in computed DCE-MRI parameter values. Methods: All animal experiments were approved by the local ethics committee. 10 healthy Buffalo rats (10-13 weeks old) were imaged twice (separated by 19 days) by DCE-CT using a clinical CT scanner (Siemens Somatom, Erlangen, Germany). Different anesthesia was used to induce altered cardiac frequency. The first imaging session was performed with rats being anesthetized by gaseous infusion of isofluorane (Iso), whereas i.m. injection of a mixture of midazolam, medetomidine and fentanyl (MMF) was used for anesthesia in the second session. Rectal temperature and cardiac frequency of the rats was continuously monitored. Dynamic acquisition was performed with three axial slices (thickness = 4.8 mm, in-plane resolution = 0.3 mm, 40 mAs) centered over the upper abdomen. A double dose of Gd-DTPA (Magnevist) was injected as bolus after 4.5 s. Bolus arrival and first pass was sampled every Δt1 = 0.75s until 75s and then every Δt2 = 38.5s until 380s. Corresponding plasma concentration time curves Cp were derived as previously described [2] and averaged prior to modeling of the population AIF. A model similar to the one described in [3] with an additional exponential to account for slow clearance was used for AIF fitting. The resulting popAIFs were applied to one-compartment PK modeling and computation of K and ve [4] of previously measured DCE-MRI data of muscle, liver and hepatic tumor in 20 buffalo rats [5]. Results: The raw averaged and fitted AIF curves of the Iso and MMF session and the AIF model function are displayed in Fig 1. Corresponding individual and mean cardiac frequencies are listed in Table 1. A mean difference of 97.4 ± 22.9 bpm was detected. No difference was observed for rectal temperature. The MMF AIF exhibited a slower initial rise, broader bolus and later recirculation peak. The recirculation was successfully fitted only for the Iso AIF. AIF modeling parameters are listed in Table 2. The observed changes in AIF properties due to the different cardiac frequency resulted in significantly > 10% higher K values (p <


Hexaferrites are classified into five types depending on chemical formulae and crystal structure. These include M-type (BaFe12O19), W-type (BaMe2Fe16O27), X-type (Ba2Me2Fe28O46), Y-type (Ba2Me2Fe12O22), and Z-type (Ba3Me2Fe24O41) [1]. M type barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) has a magnetoplumbite structure and its unit cell is a combination of two structural blocks aligned in the direction of hexagonal caxis: RSR * S * . In R block, the lattice is made of O 2ions, forming a hexagonal closed packed structure, with iron ions occupying the tetrahedral, octahedral and bipyramidal sites. However, in S block, O 2ions form a cubic closed packed lattice and iron ions occupy the tetrahedral and octahedral sites [2]. Its symmetry is characterized by the space group P63/mmc. The magnetism of BaFe12O19 comes from the ferric iron, each carrying a magnetic moment of 5μB. These are aligned to give either parallel or anti parallel ferromagnetic interaction. It is well known that their structural and magnetic properties are closely connected to the distribution of Fe ions among various interstitial sites, and it has been found that these properties can be changed by doping of Fe 3+


This is a review of the article entitled "Social networks as a strategic tool for competitive intelligence". This article was written by Adriana Rosecler Alcara; Elaine Cristina Liviero Tanzawa; Ivone Guerreiro Di Chiara; Maria Ines Tomael; Plinio Pinto de Mendonca Uchoa Junior; Valeria Cristina Heckler; Jorge Luis Rodrigues; Sulamita da Silva Valente. The article reviewed here was published in the journal "TransInformacao - Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Campinas", no Ano 2006, Vol.18, n.2


Type I IFNs are involved in double-stranded RNA responses. Here, we investigated the possibility that IFN-β may induce or downregulate cellular microRNAs (miRNA) in human neoplasms and thereby use the RNA interference system to show antitumor effects. Because of its known connection to glioma biology, we focused on miR-21 among seven miRNAs influenced by IFN-β. We analyzed the effect of IFN-β treatment on miR-21 expression in glioma cells and intracranial glioma xenografts. IFN-β treatment reduced miR-21 expression in glioma cells markedly, and IFN-β administration suppressed the growth of glioma-initiating cell–derived intracranial tumors. The levels of primary miR-21 gene transcripts, precursor miR-21, and mature miR-21 decreased 6 hours after the addition of IFN-β, indicating that the reduction in miR-21 levels was due to transcriptional suppression. We did reporter assays to elucidate the IFN-β–mediated suppression of miR-21; the addition of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3)–expressing vectors induced the IFN-β–mediated suppression of miR-21, whereas STAT3-inhibiting agents inhibited the miR-21 suppression. Thus, the results of our study show that the downregulation of miR-21 contributes to the antitumor effects of IFN-β and that miR-21 expression is negatively regulated by STAT3 activation. These results highlight the importance of understanding the transcriptional regulation of the miRNAs involved in oncogenesis. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(12):2022–30)


Three-dimensional electromagnetic fluid simulations of the magnetic-curvature-driven Rayleigh–Taylor instability are presented. Issues related to the existence of nonlinear saturated states and the nature of the temporal evolution to such states from random initial conditions are addressed. It is found that nonlinear saturated states arising from generation of zonal shear flows continue to exist in certain parametric domains but their spectrum and spatial characteristics have important differences from earlier two-dimensional results reported in Phys. Plasmas 4, 1018 (1997) and Phys. Plasmas 8, 5104 (2001). In particular, the three-dimensional nonlinear states possess a significant power level in short scales and the spatial structures of the potential and density fluctuations appear not to develop any functional correlations. Electromagnetic effects are found to inhibit the formation of zonal flows and thereby to considerably restrict the parametric domain of nonlinear stabilization. The role of finite k...


Acute gastric volvulus is a rare surgical emergency in childhood and, if not diagnosed and treated promptly, may result in gastric ischaemia, perforation and death. We report a case of an organoaxial gastric volvulus occurring in a four-year-old girl whose initial management consisted of resuscitation, surgical reduction and gastropexy. Despite the absence of clinical and biochemical signs to suggest gastric ischaemia, information obtained post-operatively from gastric tonometry implied the stomach to be severely ischaemic; serial pHi values were all less than 7.0. Repeat operation 48 hours later found an infarcted stomach and a total gastrectomy was performed. We conclude that gastric tonometry may be useful in managing children who undergo emergency surgery where gut viability is in question.


[1] We reprocessed an ∼35-km-long part of the IBESREIS seismic reflection profile which runs over the Iberian Pyrite Belt section of the South Portuguese Zone, SW Iberia, with the goal to image the upper crust (<15-km depth). The applied processing sequence enhanced numerous prominent reflections and diffraction patterns within the uppermost 5-s travel time relative to high-amplitude source-generated noise. A complex subsurface characterized by conflicting dips and a survey following winding roads require a crooked-line prestack migration scheme for coherent imaging. To interpret sources of diffracted energy, we additionally employed a diffraction imaging scheme which enhances diffractions at the expense of reflections.The final seismic images show south-vergent imbricate fold-and-thrust tectonics, documenting the contractive deformation that the South Portuguese Zone experienced during the Variscan Orogeny. Based on surface geological information, we correlate a low reflective unit with the shallow Upper Carboniferous Flysch Group, a highly reflective unit ranging in depth from 2 to 4 km with the Middle Carboniferous Volcano–Sedimentary Complex Group, which hosts massive sulfide deposits, and a moderately reflective unit with the Upper Devonian Phyllite–Quartzite Group. Below these units, another low-reflective facies is present, which may represent older Paleozoic metasediments. In addition, the seismic and diffraction images reveal bands of high reflectivity and distinct diffraction patterns that were interpreted as extensive layered mafic intrusions. These proposed mafic bodies may be related to the same event that triggered a huge hydrothermal activity assumed in Early Carbonifereous times.


A model of the railgun forces in the presence of a secondary arc has been developed. The model approximates the railgun rails as parallel, circular, cross-sectional wires, and the armature and secondary arc as filaments. The classical railgun force equation has been generalized, and its correspondence to an equivalent electrical circuit has been identified. It is shown that the forces tend to drive the primary and secondary arcs together or apart, depending on their separation and the magnitude of the currents flowing in the primary and secondary arcs. >


In order to insure the dust collecting efficiency,Shandong Guangming Heat Power Co.Ltd.carried electro-static precipitator(ESP) power supply device for the technology,the original DC power supply device for pulse power supply devices,to achieve energy consumption and improve the dust collecting efficiency.


Recent measurements of R, the ratio of the total hadron cross section to the lowest order muon pair cross section, are discussed which have systematic overall scale errors on the absolute value of R of 7% or less. Experiments are reviewed that have sought exotic effects in e/sup +/e/sup -/ at the highest available energies. The search for narrow states in the radiative decays of the J/psi and UPSILON are also reviewed. 35 refs., 24 figs. (LEW)


Abstract: Music is used in one's everyday life to modulate, enhance, and plummet undesirable emotional states like stress, fatigue, or anxiety. Even though in today's modern world, with the ever-increasing advancement in the area of multimedia content and usage, various intuitive music players with various options have been developed, the user still has to manually browse through the list of songs and select songs that complement and suit his or her current mood. This paper aims to solve this issue of the manual finding of songs to suit one's mood along with creating a high accuracy CNN model for Facial emotion recognition. Through the webcam, the emotional state can be deduced from facial expressions. To create a neural network model, the CNN classifier was used. This model is trained and tested using OpenCV to detect mood from facial expressions. A playlist will be generated through the system according to the mood predicted by the model. The model used for predicting the mood obtained an accuracy of 97.42% with 0.09 loss on the training data from the FER2013 Dataset. Keywords: Convolutional neural networks, Facial emotion recognition, FER2013, Music, OpenCV.


We study the scattering of infrared light by small dielectric core-shell particles taking a sapphire sphere with a CaO core as an example. The extinction efficiency of such a particle shows two intense series of resonances attached, respectively, to in-phase and out-of-phase multipolar polarization-induced surface charges build-up, respectively, at the core-shell and the shell-vacuum interface. Both series, the character of the former may be labelled bonding and the character of the latter antibonding, give rise to anomalous scattering. For a given particle radius and filling factor the Poynting vector field shows therefore around two wave numbers the complex topology of this type of light scattering. Inside the particle the topology depends on the character of the resonance. The dissipation of energy inside the particle also reflects the core-shell structure. It depends on the resonance and shows strong spatial variations.


The utility model discloses a high-low shift rear-drive assembly for a four-wheel electric motor car, which comprises a split box body, a box cover, an input shaft, an intermediate shaft and an output shaft. The high-low shift rear-drive assembly is characterized in that a low-speed driving gear and a high-speed driving gear are arranged at two ends of the input shaft and are meshed with a low-speed driven gear and a high-speed driven gear which are arranged at two ends of the intermediate shaft respectively; and the high-speed driven gear is meshed with a second-stage driven gear arranged on the output shaft, therefore high and low shift driving paths can be realized. The high-shift driving path is the high-speed driving gear, the high-speed driven gear and the second-stage driven gear; and the low-shift driving path is the low-speed driving gear, the low-speed driven gear, the intermediate shaft, the high-speed driving gear and the second-stage driven gear. The utility model achieves the aim that the rear-drive assembly for the four-wheel electric motor car shifts by gearing driving. The shifting function of the rear-drive assembly for the four-wheel electric motor car ensures that the electric motor car has wider speed change range and better adapts to different driving conditions of the electric motor car.


To support the novel, controlled release dosage forms and for their assessment increasingly accepted imaging technologies are available to give proof for their in vivo release. The imaging technologies are X-rays, magneticresonance imaging and ultra sound, gamma scintigraphy.These are the tools for the assessment of oral, pulmonary, and ophthalmic dosage forms. In this review mainly focus on gamma scintigraphy. Thisas a tool for the assessment of formulation deposition [1]. Formulation development success depends on variables that affect the performance of a drug delivery system. Gamma scintigraphy is a non-invasive methodwith development of drug products and the assessment of pharmacodynamics effects in humans.From this method we can able to understand critical performance parameters   gastrointestinal transit; gall bladder emptying; lung mucociliary clearance provides insights into the mode of action of drug candidates [2].In this review focus on the functional terms of gamma scintigraphy and their applications in pharmacy [3].


Tracking his subject wherever it leads, Test finally locates satire living like ""a stranger in the basement"". Even then it won't be trapped. Defining satire is like ""trying to put a shadow in a sack"", he observes. What he brings upstairs - ""the fiercest form"" - is an encylopedic, historical analysis of satire. The schema Test develops to analyze satire consists of four elements: aggression, play, laughter and judgement. He extends his account to examples beyond literature, from Aristophanes to Horace to Mencken to film, TV, political cartoons, and roasts. Since the material resists a unitary theory, Test writes, his approach has been to broaden it ""in the hope that a satellite dish may capture what a microsope has failed to"". Test uses material from myth, folklore, anthropology, popular culture and related fields to expand on RObert C. Elliot's seminal work, ""The Power of Satire"". He attempts also to establish a mythic source for satire and to provide a new vocabulary for outmoded literay terms, and he offers a full discussion of the nature of irony in satire.


Qualitative analysis of plants commercialized for medical purposes in public markets in Sao Luis/MA. It's made a research on strange materials, evaluation of macroscopic characteristics, determination of humidity level and research on microbiological contamination, this way proving the bad quality of vegetable material available for the population in Maranhao state.


The experience of the pleasant heat of the sun in moderate climatic zones arises from the filtering of the heat radiation of the sun by water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. The filter effect of water decreases those parts of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared radiation (most parts of infrared-B and -C and the absorption bands of water within infrared-A), which would cause by reacting with water molecules in the skin – only an undesired heat load to the surface of the skin. The left visible light (550-750nm) and near infrared (750-1400nm) (NIR) as a special form of light radiation with a high tissue penetration and a low heat load to the skin surface. As we know, all plants perform photosynthesis which converts sunlight and water into glucose and oxygen (photo energy-chemical energy). Cellular biologists have determined that our bodies use a similar principle in the final digestive process whereby proteins, fats and sugars are broken down within the mitochondrion membrane into the smallest molecular nutrient elements, called pyruvates and produce ATP energy. Certain light wavelengths such as near infrared, on the low level of the color spectrum stimulate the mitochondrion membrane to produce ATP. ATP is the fuel that all cells utilize to perform cellular activities, including DNA and RNA synthesis, cellular repair and collagen production. One of the primary effects of NIR is on cytochrome C oxidase in the mitochondria. When cells are stressed their mitochondria produce nitric oxide (NO) which displaces oxygen in the electron transport chain. This prevents ATP production and increases oxidative stress leading to inflammation and cell death. NIR photo-dissociates NO from cytochrome C oxidase leading to restoration of ATP production, a reduction of oxidative stress and subsequently a reduction in inflammation. The effects will lead to increase of growth factors secretion and activation of enzymes and other secondary messengers. These will improve tissue repair such as accelerated regeneration of skin, muscle, tendon, ligament, bone and neural tissue, reverse and inhibit nerve conduction in small and medium diameter peripheral nerve fibres that release chronic pain and resolve inflammation. The therapeutic effectiveness of near infrared light (NIR) has been determinate for decades. Genesis health light use NIR as main light resource. NIR is well accepted therapeutic tools in the treatment of infected, ischemic, and hypoxic wounds, along with other soft tissue injuries. Positive effects include acceleration of wound healing, improved recovery from ischemic injury and pain relief. NIR produces a therapeutically usable field of heat in the tissue and increases tissue temperature, oxygen partial pressure and tissue perfusion. These three factors are vital for a sufficient tissue supply with energy and oxygen. As inflammation and wound is the main pathology procedure in the above disorders, the defences of them all depend decisively on a sufficient supply with energy and oxygen. NIR Basic and Clinical Research Review 2011 July 3 In this review, we collected published and unpublished studies of NIR effects from fundamental and clinical researches. In the fundamental research, we presents current study on the use of far-red to near-infrared (NIR) light treatment in various in vitro and in vivo models. Low-intensity light therapy, commonly referred to as "photobiomodulation," uses light in the far-red to near-infrared region of the spectrum and modulates numerous cellular functions. Various in vitro and in vivo models of mitochondrial dysfunction were treated with a variety of wavelengths of NIR light. These studies were performed to determine the effect of NIR light treatment on physiologic and pathologic processes. NIR light treatment accelerates wound healing in ischemic rat and murine diabetic wound healing models, attenuates the retinotoxic effects of methanol-derived formic acid in rat models, and attenuates the developmental toxicity of dioxin in chicken embryos. Furthermore, The experimental results demonstrate that NIR light treatment stimulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in vitro, and accelerates cell and tissue repair in vivo. In clinical side, there is a study showed that NIR can considerably alleviate pain (without any exception during 230 irradiations) with substantially less need for analgesics (52–69% less in the groups with NIR compared to the control groups). It also diminishes exudation and inflammation and can show positive immunomodulatory effects. The overall evaluation of the effect of irradiation as well as the wound healing and the cosmetic result (assessed on visual analogue scales) were markedly better in the group with NIR compared to the control group. NIR can advance wound healing (median reduction of wound size of 90% in severely burned children already after 9 days in the group with wIRA compared to 13 days in the control group; on average 18 versus 42 days until complete wound closure in chronic venous stasis ulcers) or improve an impaired wound healing (reaching wound closure and normalization of the thermographic image in otherwise recalcitrant chronic venous stasis ulcers) both in acute and in chronic wounds including infected wounds. After major abdominal surgery there was a trend in favor of the NIR group to a lower rate of total wound infections (7% versus 15%) including late infections following discharge from hospital (0% versus 8%) and a trend towards a shorter postoperative hospital stay (9 versus 11 days). Even the normal wound healing process can be improved. There are studies of NIR treatment on low back pain, neck pain, arthritis and carpal tunnel syndrome. The mentioned effects have been proven in a number of prospective studies. Experimental results demonstrate that NIR light treatment stimulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in vitro, and accelerates cell and tissue repair in vivo. There are many clinical trails showed NIR can alleviate pain, anti-inflammation and accelorate wound healing. NIR has a broad usage in wound healing and degeneration symptoms like neck pain, back pain, and arthritis. Additionally, NIR has good effects on diabetic foot ulcers. NIR light represents a novel, noninvasive, therapeutic intervention without any side-effects. NIR Basic and Clinical Research Review 2011 July


Abstract This study examined subjects' attribution of responsibility to themselves for an action of another when the outcome was obtained partially by a random influence the subjects had exerted on the others' task. Participants, teachers taking their examinations in psychology, drew questions (easy vs. difficult) for their colleagues and were informed of their results (success vs. failure). Analysis of the responsibility ascriptions revealed an interactional effect. The subjects attributed to themselves more responsibility for the colleague's failure to answer correctly when they drew an easy question for the colleague as well as more responsibility for the colleague's success when the question was difficult.


OBJECTIVE
Basiliximab (BXM) is commercial monoclonal antibody inhibitor of interleukin 2 receptor, which is widely used in the transplantation therapy for preventing acute rejection. However, we found BXM would interfere with the detection of Treg through flow cytometry in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the interference caused by BXM in the clinical detection of Treg.

METHODS
We compared the effects of BXM on two CD25 antibodies with different clone site, which are commonly used for Treg measurement.

RESULTS
The result suggested CD25 (2A3) was inhibited by BXM, while CD25 (M-A251) was not affected. Moreover, we found 2A3/M-A251 Treg Ratio could reflect Treg cell activity and BXM blood concentration to some extent.

CONCLUSION
BXM can effectively inhibit the binding of CD25 (2A3) antibody to its receptor on T cells membrane, which should be noted during Treg clinical detection.


On a surface of an enamel, cement naked dentine of cogs, extracted on the medical observations, of the person гистохимически the enzymes a NADPH-diaphorase and glucosoxydase are detected. The NADPH-diaphorase is detected as well in oddments of tissues, associate with the radical of a cog. The layout of the shallow centers of activity of these enzymes resembles allocation of zones of a surface of a cog most frequently hit by a caries. The problem on possible involvement of products of activity of a NADPH-diaphorase and glucosoxydase in a cariogenesis of cogs of the person is considered.


We introduce a multimaterial fiber preform coextrusion methodology that enables the production of robust infrared glass fibers starting from two 10-mm-diameter, 3-mm-thick chalcogenide glass discs by one-step extrusion followed by traditional fiber drawing.


This paper reviews the causes and results of the Piper Alpha platform disaster and makes recommendations to prevent the reoccurrence of such an event. The author headed the public inquiry into this disaster. As a result he recommends that the safety regulations with regard to offshore operations be completely rewritten to allow for more site-specific and flexible application of safety system designs. Although the paper makes some other specific recommendations on safety systems, the secondary thrust of the paper is on developing more workable evacuation, escape, and rescue plans.


This research is motivated by the lack of interest of students to continue their education to tertiary institutions. This study aims to determine the effect of economic conditions on students' interest in continuing their education to tertiary institutions in class XII students at SMAN 1 Perhentian Raja, Kampar Regency. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The population in this study were 58 students. The research sample used a census sampling technique. This research data collection method uses a questionnaire / questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is simple regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that there was a positive and significant effect of economic conditions on students' interest in continuing their education to tertiary institutions in class XII students of SMAN 1 Perhentian Raja, Kampar Regency.


(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: n 1⁄4 6; long QT syndrome: n 1⁄4 3; Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ECG pattern: n 1⁄4 6) after a secondary investigation after an abnormal ECG according to all 4 ECG criteria. The overall cost of screening using the 2010 ESC recommendations was $110 (95% CI: $102 to $122) per athlete and $35,993 (95% CI: $33,474 to $39,896) per serious diagnosis. The Seattle and refined criteria reduced the cost to $92 (95% CI: $84 to $103) and $87 (95% CI: $80 to $94) per athlete screened and $30,251 (95% CI: $27,568 to $33,912) and $28,510 (95% CI: $26,329 to $32,123) per serious diagnosis, respectively. The international recommendations further reduced cost to $80 (95% CI: $74 to $91) per athlete and $26,405 (95% CI: $24,392 to $ 29,833) per serious diagnosis, representing a 27%, 13%, and 8% relative cost reduction compared with the 2010 ESC, Seattle, and refined criteria, respectively. The study was limited in that we could not calculate the sensitivity or specificity of the international recommendations to detect disease because the secondary investigation was limited to athletes with positive screening evaluations. In addition, secondary investigations were performed at the discretion of attending cardiologists at the local hospitals and probably varied according to personal practice. The international recommendations are associated with a significantly lower number of abnormal ECGs and result in an impressive reduction in workload and cost of screening without compromising the ability to detect athletes with serious cardiac disease. Prospective evaluation is required to understand the actual impact of this consensus document on testing, cost, and outcomes.


1. Benumof JL. Laryngeal mask airway and the ASA difficult airway algorithm. Anesthesiology 1996;84:686–99. 2. Asai T, Latto IP, Vaughan RS. The distance between the grill of the laryngeal mask airway and the vocal cords: is conventional intubation through the laryngeal mask safe? Anesthesia 1997;52:131–5. 3. Alfery DD. The laryngeal mask airway and the ASA difficult airway algorithm [letter]. Anesthesiology 1996;85:685. 4. Benumof JL. A new technique of fiberoptic intubation through a standard LMA. Anesthesiology 2001;95:1541.


As part of a general effort to understand the etching of metals in both plasma and chemical systems the etching of platinum foils in an oxygen plasma generated in a flow‐type microwave system was studied. It was found that very rapid etching (∼ 6 A/s) took place even at low power inputs (200 W). The principal plasma parameters, including oxygen atom concentration, ion concentration, and electron temperature, were measured as a function of distance below the microwave coupler. These were correlated to the rate of foil etching, which decreased with increasing distance from the coupler. On the basis of these correlations a simple mechanistic model was formulated. Etching of platinum in an oxygen plasma jet results from the concomitant action of oxygen atoms and high energy electrons.


Sjogren's syndrome is characterized clinically by xerostomia, keratoconjunctivitis sicca and rheumatoid arthritis.A 52 year old female developed weakness and enlargement of the parotid glands in 1969 when a parotid gland biopsy was done, revealing a moderate periductal lymphocytic infiltration moderately.In 1972, the small joints of her hand and toes started to become progressively deformed. In 1976, she was finally diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis and had surgery on her deformed right hand. In 1978, in a parotid gland biopsy we found a complete formation of lymph follicles with germinal centers which mimicked Hashimoto's thyroiditis, pathologically.Sicca syndrome alone such as xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca should be separated and termed as Sjogrens disease and only when rheumatoid arthritis or other collagen diseases are included in this disease, should the term Sjogren's syndrome be used.The diagnosis of Sjogren's disease should be made only when a parotid gland biopsy shows the appearance of lymph follicles with germinal centers or massive lymphocytic infiltration.


The author turns to the question of the place of cadet's self-dependency in the structure of law activity. The article views the principles of this activity, analyses it's aspects, proves the qualities characterizing the self-dependence of lawyer.


Often times, we say or write things about nursing without really focusing on the meaning. It has come to a time in history that we, as nurse professionals and teachers, must realize that our historical black colleges and universities that have schools of nursing, have played a key role in educating African American students to enter a onee, prized profession as nursing. In the not so distant past, Historical Black Colleges and Universities was the only option for most black students who made up almost the entire enrollment. Other schools, due to the pressures of the Civil Rights Movement, began opening admission to black students in the late 1960s, so that the enrollment in the black schools began to decline. Today, our predominantly black schools, especially those with professional nursing programs, are confronting a vague future. We are encountering deep declines in enrollment. In the last two decades, a handful of our historical black colleges and universities have actually closed doors, and others have serious issues with accreditation and accountability.What is the major problem, colleagues? It is urgent that we do an overall assessment of our criteria, curriculums, processes and procedures that many of us have used and are still using from so many decades ago. We must realize that business is not done in the same old way. We need to be mindful of the students that we admit into the profession. Yes, we need more students, but we need to use screening tools, such as extensive interviews as we did fifty years ago, to determine who will be successful in nursing. We have admitted students who have English as a first or second language, and have not mastered it well, and have no idea what is the involvement of life challenges in this profession. We left our profession uncovered and everybody is trying to get what looks like a key to a lifetime job, in the medical profession, even attempting to do our jobs, without the proper preparation. Many kinds of technical nursing instruction schools and teaching online nursing have opened all around the country, offering anything to everything in the profession. Everyone has a title, technician of something or the other, and is licensed by the state, after a short period of instruction. Many of them are the only people who greet you in physician offices, asking the assessment questions, and administering life-saving medication to patients, with limited medical terminology and pharmacology. Yes, we do need more doctoral prepared person who really have nursing at heart, and who care about the patient, the profession and the future nurse. Where are the people who have always wanted to be a nurse, instead of using the $$ sign as the major choice to enter the profession? Nowadays, yes we have many folks pursuing doctoral degrees, more than ever, but many are trying to accomplish a personal agenda. It is great to have "Dr" before your name or some kind of doctoral degree behind your name. I have found that many of these nurses are not on the cutting edge of the profession. Many are seeking to become some kind of a practitioner, making a name in research or publication, on Boards, (any kind) who have nor want any direct connection with patient care. They want to be "full professors" with six figure salaries and helping to establish all laws and policies that govern our profession, but have not worked as a "practicing nurse" since completing generic nursing school. Many feel "I've been there, done that. " "Bedside nursing is out. "Also, today, many of the doctoral prepared nurse teachers only want to do didactic nursing and teaching from their desks (online). Many professors are hired in colleges and universities of nursing who would not have taken the position if taking students to the clinical area was a requirement in any medical institution. …


Background Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4), a special type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is a clonal malignant disease with poor prognosis and a low overall survival rate. Here, we aim to explore the molecular mechanism of AML-M4 development and progression using integrative bioinformatic analysis.


ABSTRACT A pulse tube cryocooler (PTC) for future metrological satellites has been developed at one of the lead centers of the Indian Space Research Organisation in Bangalore, India for cooling on-board Infrared (IR) detectors to 80 K.A study has been conducted on the coldfinger of PTC to understand the off-state heat loads on the cooler by varying the value of gravity numerically in ANSYS FLUENT and experimentally by orienting the setup with respect to gravity. The off-state parasitic losses represent a major heat load in on-board applications that include redundant, viz. nonoperating coolers. To find out the amount of off-state parasitic heat losses in a nonoperating coldfinger of the PTC experimentally, transient warm-up technique was used. Various heat loads were applied experimentally on the cryo-tip at temperatures ranging from 80 to 100 K for determining the parasitic losses. The effect of orientation of PTC on the off-state parasitic heat load with respect to gravity is studied and presented in this paper. Enhancement due to free convection heat flow normalized by gas molecular conduction in pulse tube is analyzed using computational fluid dynamics to verify and compare with experimental results. The best orientation angle where the parasitic is low is when the cold end of the coldfinger of pulse tube cryocooler faces down (0°) and high when the cold end of the coldfinger is oriented to 135°.


As part of the systematic studies on imidazole derivatives as chelating agents, four azoimidazoles having an ortho-hydroxy group, a dimethylamino group, or both groups were prepared from 4(5)-amino-5(4)-methylimidazole as a diazo component and 2-naphthol, p-methoxyphenol, N, N-dimethylaniline, and N, N-dimethyl-m-aminophenol as coupling components : 1-[4(5)-methyl-5(4)-imidazolylazo]-2-naphthol ; 2-[4(5)-methyl-5(4)-imidazolylazo]-4-methoxyphenol ; 4(5)-methyl-5(4)-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo) imidazole ; 3-dimethylamino-6-[4(5)-methyl-5(4)-imidazolylazo] phenol. The reactions of the azo derivatives with various metal ions were studied by spot tests in acid, neutral, and alkaline solutions. All the azo derivatives react with metal ions, such as Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II) and Pb(II), to give intensely colored chelates which are usually extracted into chloroform or iso-amyl alcohol. These results indicate that the azoimidazoles can be used as metallochromic indicators or as extractants for determinations of metal ions by chelatometric titrations or by solvent extractions.


Concern about pesticide residues and the unprofitability of classical treatments through secondary complications has led to a new approach to plant protection problems. Applications must be based on the assessment of their necessity and full account must be taken of the advantages offered by various possibilities of biological control (introduction of parasites or predators, their mass-breeding, genetical control, use of attractants) and other procedures (breeding for resistance, cultural measures). Close co-operation between the various sectors of research involved is recommended.


This study was about to the diversity of fishes in the stream of Hong menchong on 9~10 in 2002. Hong menchong is a country grade broad-leaved forest of plucking seeds base in Huaihua, Hunan Province. The results show: The stream fishes contain 10 species, subordinate to 2 orders, 5 families, 9 genera, and during which Coreoperca whiteheadi and Phoxinus oxycephalus are new records in Hunan. The diversity of the communitie are changable due to the differents locations of the stream, which refleted higher value of biodiversity and higher benefit of ecological protection.


The influence of long-term snow accumulation on the runoff conditions several months afterwards is a distinct hydrological characteristic of cold regions, which creates opportunities for long-term (seasonal and subseasonal) hydrological forecasting in these regions. We consider evolution of the long-term forecasting approaches from the deterministic data-based index methods to the hydrological model-based ensemble approaches. Of key interest in this review are the methods developed and used in operational practice in Russia and in the USA, with the emphasis being placed on the methods used in Russia, which may be less familiar to international hydrological society. Following a description of the historical context, we review recent developments that place emphasis on problems relating to the uncertainty of the weather conditions for the lead time of the forecast. We conclude with a personal view of the prospects for the future development of long-term hydrological forecasting techniques.


The spirocyclic [1]ferrocenophanes [Fe(η-C5H4)2]2E (3, E = Si; 4, E = Ge) and Fe(η-C5H4)2Si(CH2)3 (5) have been prepared by the reaction of Fe(η-C5H4Li)2·TMEDA (TMEDA = tetramethylethylenediamine) with SiCl4, GeCl4, and Cl2Si(CH2)3, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 3−5 revealed that the molecules possess highly strained structures with tilt angles between the planes of the cyclopentadienyl rings of 19.4(2), 19.1(5), and 20.61(8)°, respectively. The Fe- - -Fe distances in 3 and 4 are 5.314(1) and 5.518(4) A, and evidence for metal−metal interactions in the form of substantial redox coupling (ΔE1/2 = 0.37 V for 3 and 0.25 V for 4) is present in the cyclic voltammograms of these species. For structural comparison, the tetraferrocenylsilane [(η-C5H5)Fe(η-C5H4)]4Si (6) was prepared and was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cyclic voltammetry of 6 showed four reversible oxidation waves with E1/2 values of −0.03 to +0.39 V versus ferrocene; ΔE1/2 values of 0.10−0.18 V we...


In this paper an efficient method for parameter extraction of solar cell double diode model using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm is presented. ABC packs solid features such as simplicity of implementation, promising optimization capability, fewer control parameters, etc. In this paper we have implemented various methods suggested to boost traditional ABC performance to solve multiparameter optimization problem. The results demonstrate ability of modified algorithm to be primary candidate for the parameter extraction in wide search space.


Plane scattered data triangulation has a wide application.In this paper,analyse the existed algorithms and put forward the method to make use of divide algorithm to realize plane scattered data triangulation.Give the algorithm flow chart and discuss several problems.Finally to give the experimental results.The work is significant for the similar research.


Reaction of an isocyanide with an iminium ion intermediate, formed by reaction between 6-formyl-2,3-dimethoxybenzoic acid and secondary amines (dibenzyl- or benzyl(isopropyl)amine) in the presence of silica nanoparticles (silica NPs, ca. 70 nm) proceeds smoothly at room temperature to afford 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolone derivatives in high yields.


Managed care plans, health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in particular, rely on a variety of financial incentive systems to induce providers to control health care expenditures. Based on the theory of incentive contracts, this study examines the unique nature of effective incentive systems for health care providers; applies the conceptual framework to managed care plans, viewing the incentive and payment system as the contract between the insurer and the provider; and analyzes the determinants of the structure of incentive systems in HMOs. This study shows that the group incentive scheme provides an essential control over the perverse incentives associated with excessive referrals by primary care physicians. The relative market power of an HMO and providers also affects the aggressiveness of incentive systems for providers. An analysis of the structure of physician incentive systems in HMOs provides valuable policy implications for cost containment because within the HMO market, various innovative incentive and payment systems are applied to providers to reduce expenditures.


Numerical analysis of convection-dominated transport problems are challenging because of dual characteristics of the governing equation. In the finite element method, a strategy is to modify the test function to weight more in the upwind direction. This i


In Delhi, 14 lakh children are out of school. So why is there a shortfall in the supply of schools? Does the government help to better the situation? Why or Why not? In the light of these mind-boggling questions, let us examine the restrictions imposed on opening a school in Delhi. Opening a private school is a mind-numbing task; it involves a colossal amount of paperwork. An applicant faces a four-pronged attack by the Directorate of Education (DoE), the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD), and the Delhi Development Authority (DDA); making the procedure to open and operate a school financially expensive and time consuming.[Working Paper No. 0001]


OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the standardization of the management and use of narcotics drug(ND)and psychotropic substances(PS) in medical institutions. METHODS: The problem existing in the management and use of ND and PS in 102 municipal medical institutions sampled from three counties and five districts of Lanzhou were analyzed from aspects of supervision administration agency for hygiene, medical institution, physicians and pharmacists. Meanwhile, suggestions for the solution of the problem were put forward. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS: The problem existing in the management and use of ND and PS manifested as lack of training and examination for physicians and pharmacists in medical institutions, the concerned personnel's inadequate understanding of regulations and old-fashioned expertise, inappropriate management, conservative in clinical medication, and irrational in the structure of drug use much as in the private medical institutions and township health centers. Measures should be taken to tackle the problem from the origin so as to standardize the use and management of ND and PS in medical institutions.


Siemens S7400-PLC was combined with SUPERDRIVE A7 frequency converter to realize automatic constant pressure control of quenching machine cooling water in the water supply system.In the light of field situation,through fuzzy reasoning operation,the intelligent control method was used to realize accurate control of quenching machine cooling water by PLC and by fuzzy PID.The system had the advantages of reliable performance,convenient operation,high automation degree and intuitive man-machine interface.


Real estate development alliance is an effective combination for the real estate development.It should be paid attention to the alliance of what kind of enterprises in order to achieve more powerful effect.The multi-criteria decision-making method based on the collaborative network information was used to choose the potential partners of the real estate development alliance.The priority rating for the partners was made.The linguistic variables were conducted using the triangular fuzzy numbers.The individual partner information and cooperative information were dealt with comprehensively to choose the optimal alliance members.


Hyperbranched aliphatic polyester terminated with 16 hydroxyl groups was synthesized by one step polymerization process with 2,2-Bis(methylol)propionic acid as branched monomer and neopentyl glycol as core molecule.Through further reacting with isocyanate groups of self-prepared toluene diisocyanate hydroxypropyl acrylate monomer,the obtained polyester was transformed into a novel UV-curable hyperbranched polyurethane acrylate(HBPUA).The IR was used to analyze the chemical structures of hyperbranched polyester,HBPUA and its UV-cured film,respectively.The effects of functional monomer and its amount on physical properties and thermal stability of the HBPUA UV-cured films were studied by means of mechanical propertied test,DSC and TG analyses.The results show that,with the increase of the amount of active monomer,impact strength of the films increases and its hardness decreases,while the hardness of the film would increase with the increase of functional degree of active monomer.The TG analyses demonstrate that the films have two thermolysis temperatures of 200℃and about 375℃,and the DSC results show that the films have two glass transition temperature too(Tg.s,Tg,h),with the increase of functional degree of active monomer,the Tg.s of the films decreases,while its Tg.h increases;this phenomenon is favorable for phase separation. However increasing the amount of used diluents will hinder the phase separation.Furthermore,the curing behaviors of HBPUA were tracked with IR and gel analysis,and the results show that the ultimate double bond conversion excesses 90%.