We present the case of postmortem diagnosis of rare in forensic medical practice disease — of arrhythmogenic dysplasia and the analysis of morphological and microscopi manifestations of the disease. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) belongs to primary cardiomyopathy. This pathology of unclear etiology is usually an isolated impairment of the right ventricle (RV), often running in the family, characterized by fatty or fibrofatty infiltration of ventricular myocardium accompanied by heart rhythm disorders (HRD) of the ventricles of various severity, including ventricular fibrillation. Prevalence of ARVD has been studied not enough due to the fact that the onset of the disease is often asymptomatic. In 80% of cases it is revealed under the age of 40, more frequently in males. Some authors consider ARVD to be the cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in 26% of children and adolescents. SCD may be the first and the only manifestation of ARVD, particularly in young people and sportsmen. According to the data by the American authors, ARVD is diagnosed posthumously approximately in 5% of SCD cases in people younger than 65 years of age and in 3-4% cases of death in young sportsmen during competitions. Opinions as to pathogenesis of the disease come to two theories: ARVD is a congenital anomaly of development of RV myocardium called dysplasia. The onset of tachycardia may be postponed for many years until RV is considerably enlarged and the size of arrhythmogenic substrate is big enough to cause persistent ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT). The second theory connects the onset of RV dysplasia with metabolic disturbances involving RV and causing progressing myocyte replacement (apoptosis). Islets of fibrofatty tissue revealed in ARVD form arrhythmogenic substrate carrying conditions for development of reentry underlying malignant VT.


The existence of an endothelial surface layer (ESL) that selectively excludes macromolecules and retards plasma flow within 500 nm of the endothelium in microvessels of wild‐type mouse is well established under normal physiologic conditions. Since all complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are derived from vascular disease arising from hyperglycemia, and since the ESL is situated as the first line of defense against vascular damage, we seek to establish the effects of hyperglycemia on the ESL. To test the effects of hyperglycemia on the ESL, we collected micro‐particle image velocimetry (μ‐PIV) data from post‐capillary venules (20–50 μm diameter) in the cremaster muscle of non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice after chronic exposure to hyperglycemia and then again after regulation to euglycemic range with intraveneous insulin administration. Using microviscometric analysis of these μ‐PIV data, fluid velocity profiles were inferred and used to estimate the hydrodynamically relevant thickness of the ESL. Before and after blood‐glucose regulation with insulin.


The present invention, the method relates to a method of manufacturing a circuit that combines the solid light-emitting component 50 includes the steps of providing an insulating layer (8); Generating at least one through-hole 20 in the insulating layer (8); Providing a conductive layer (10); The step of bonding the main surface 24 of conductive layer 10 in the insulating layer (8); And further comprising: at least one place in the hole 20 of the solid-state light-emitting part (50, 100), an insulating layer (8); And a step for connecting the components to the conductive layer (10).


– Recall and summarize prior material ("In one minute, summarize everything you can remember from Monday's class." – Answer questions. For particularly challenging questions, use think-pair-share: have students write down answers individually, then pair up to reach consensus on the correct answer. – Start a derivation or problem solution or work out the next step – Think of an example or application of a formula or method – Troubleshoot ("You measure the variable you just calculated and the measured value is significantly different from the calculated one. What could be responsible?") – Explain a complex concept in terms that a student who has never taken this course could understand – Summarize key points from a class session or an assignment – Generate a question ("Turn to a partner and generate two good questions about what we have been talking about in this class for the last 20 minutes.")


We developed an interactive system to design a customized cover for a given three‐dimensional (3D) object such as a camera, teapot, or car. The system first computes the convex hull of the input geometry. The user segments it into several cloth patches by drawing on the 3D surface. This paper provides two technical contributions. First, it introduces a specialized flattening algorithm for cover patches. It makes each two‐dimensional edge in the flattened pattern equal to or longer than the original 3D edge; a smaller patch would fail to cover the object, and a larger patch would result in extra wrinkles. Second, it introduces a mechanism to verify that the user‐specified opening would be large enough for the object to be removed. Starting with the initial configuration, the system virtually "pulls" the object out of the cover while avoiding excessive stretching of cloth patches. We used the system to design real covers and confirmed that it functions as intended.


The paper presents the results of the geographic analysis of the family Rosaceae Juss. in the flora of the Chechen Republic based on data of long-term floristic and phytocenological studies. As a result of the areographic analysis of 101 species of the studied family, 4 groups of geoelements, which include 15 geographic elements, are identified, and their relationships within the studied flora are revealed. The nature of the flora is established, and the detailed characteristics of geoelements are presented.


The proposal of ARM-based online detecting system of storage battery was suggested for the need of precise control of the working voltage and temperature of base stations of China Mobile. In terms of hardware, ARM7-LPC2368 of NXP Semiconductor was chosen as the processor chip, and the online detecting system was constructed using three modules: information acquisition, kernel control and battery. As for software, our proposal adopted the top-down design philosophy and modularized designing method and also embedded uC/OS-II which significantly improved the utilization rate of CPU. At last, the system precisely met the requirements of the proposal by field tests at base station of China Mobile, thus, verified the feasibility of the proposal.


Introduction Mental health problems are frequent among children and seems to predict mental disorders in adulthood. Objectives The study aimed whether the gender differences affects the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) assessments performed by parents and teachers in Republic of Georgia. Methods In 2019 a cross sectional survey in four main cities of Georgia was conducted; Totally 8-10 y old 16654 children from 211 public schools were included. SDQ completed by parents and school teachers was used to determine emotional and behavioral problems among Georgian children. Results 16654 (74%) parents out of 22553 were agreed to participate in the study. 1565 (9.39%) children were rated screen positive in top five percentile by either parent or teacher or both of them. Cut-off scores for 99-95 percentiles (top 1-5%) was defined. Boys were more likely to be rated screen positive than girls, especially by teachers: parents rated screen positive 7.5% of females, teachers - 7.2%, while males 9.4% and 11.5% respectively. Pairwise correlation coefficients (0.53) revealed moderate correlations according to p-values (< 0.05) between scores and all correlations were statistically significant. Conclusions The study defined the cut-off scores of SDQ for 8-10 y old children and a gender differences in prevalence of mental health problems in Georgia. SDQ could be used in primary healthcare and school settings to identify children with special needs. This work was supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG), grant - FR-18-304. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Part 1: theory and practice of criticism propositions analysis and evaluation theories practical advice technical tips. Part 2: analysis of examples. Part 3: question and answer.


This paper is addressed to the marine officers from the Navigation section and to the students from the final year of studying who are in the training voyage, before the final exams and before obtaining the maritime certificate. The progress from the IT domain, communications and the techniques of leading the maritime ships allows nowadays, the reduction of the determination time of the astronomical point of the ship. Due to the fact that IMO through STCW imposes the unification of the training way of the marine officers, no matter the country they come from, this paper introduces a series of notations and international standards. On their basis it can be accomplished the training of the students and of the deck officers from different countries for the online determination of the astronomical point.


There are some problems in inhalation sedation of non-cooperative pediatric patients. Usually the pediatric patients reject the nasal hood and there's no cooperation for administration of nitrous oxide gas. In mouth breathing patient, other technics of sedation such as intravenous or oral sedation or general anesthesia were recommended. Common causes of mouth breathing are common cold, allergic rhinitis, sinus problem, anatomical disorder, and habitual mouth-breathing. However in some patient not indicated the general anesthesia and high failure rate in oral and intravenous sedation. Administration of with suction catheter was applied in full mouth breathing patient. Clinically effective sedation were occurred during procedure about 45 to 55 minutes. There's no any side effects by inhalation sedation. The patients awoke at the end of the procedure and received 100% oxygen for 2-3 minutes. There's still some problems in use of the suction catheter such as air pollution of operation theater and elevate arterial carbon dioxide tension.


Serum proteins designated as liver function biomarkers are used to evaluate patients for hepatic dysfunction. Hepatic effect of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) needs further studies in HIV mono-infected patients. In this study, clinically defined patient datasets were analysed for protein levels in HIV-1 mono-infected seropositive patients with and without ART.Data were collected for the study groups, consisting of the control group and HIV-1 mono-infected seropositive patients with and without ART and were analysed statistically for differences among the groups. All subjects in the patient groups attended University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria for a period of 5 years.The protein levels on initiation of ART were significantly higher than baseline levels (prior to ART). However, continuous use of ART for 5-year period did not induce any further significant change in protein levels. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves shows that both Albumin (ALB) and Total protein (TP) levels discriminated among the study groups. The baseline levels of ALB in seropositive patients are significantly lower to levels on initiation of ART.Continuous ART did not cause any further significant change in levels of liver function proteins than was observed on ART initiation. Hence, liver damage on continuous ART is not implied. Both ALB and TP levels could be important in HIV management of patients. Initiation of ART appears to elevate the low ALB level via a yet unknown mechanism and indicates possible role of ALB in ART mechanism of action.


Invited Lecture.- Matchings in Graphs Variations of the Problem.- Combinatorics from Bacterial Genomes.- Contributed Papers.- An Algorithm for Computing Virtual Cut Points in Finite Metric Spaces.- Finding the Anti-block Vital Edge of a Shortest Path Between Two Nodes.- K-Connected Target Coverage Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks.- Searching Cycle-Disjoint Graphs.- An Asymptotic PTAS for Batch Scheduling with Nonidentical Job Sizes to Minimize Makespan.- A New Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Multiple Sequence Alignment.- Energy Minimizing Vehicle Routing Problem.- On the On-Line k-Taxi Problem with Limited Look Ahead.- The Minimum Risk Spanning Tree Problem.- The Size of a Minimum Critically m-Neighbor-Scattered Graph.- A New Hybrid Algorithm for Feature Selection and Its Application to Customer Recognition.- Steiner Forests on Stochastic Metric Graphs.- On Threshold BDDs and the Optimal Variable Ordering Problem.- Communication Leading to Nash Equilibrium Through Robust Messages - S5-Knowledge Model Case -.- Fundamental Domains for Integer Programs with Symmetries.- Exact Algorithms for Generalized Combinatorial Optimization Problems.- Approximation Algorithms for k-Duplicates Combinatorial Auctions with Subadditive Bidders.- A Grid Resource Discovery Method Based on Adaptive k-Nearest Neighbors Clustering.- Algorithms for Minimum m-Connected k-Dominating Set Problem.- Worst Case Analysis of a New Lower Bound for Flow Shop Weighted Completion Time Problem.- Scaling, Renormalization, and Universality in Combinatorial Games: The Geometry of Chomp.- Mechanism Design by Creditability.- Infinite Families of Optimal Double-Loop Networks.- Point Sets in the Unit Square and Large Areas of Convex Hulls of Subsets of Points.- An Experimental Study of Compressed Indexing and Local Alignments of DNA.- Secure Multiparty Computations Using the 15 Puzzle.- A Lagrangian Relaxation Approach for the Multiple Sequence Alignment Problem.- Single Machine Common Due Window Scheduling with Controllable Job Processing Times.- A Lower Bound on Approximation Algorithms for the Closest Substring Problem.- A New Exact Algorithm for the Two-Sided Crossing Minimization Problem.- Improved Approximation Algorithm for Connected Facility Location Problems.- The Computational Complexity of Game Trees by Eigen-Distribution.- The Minimum All-Ones Problem for Graphs with Small Treewidth.- An Exact Algorithm Based on Chain Implication for the Min-CVCB Problem.- Arc Searching Digraphs Without Jumping.- On the Complexity of Some Colorful Problems Parameterized by Treewidth.- A PTAS for the Weighted 2-Interval Pattern Problem over the Preceding-and-Crossing Model.


… Objectives: To find out the frequency of already recognized risk factor of Gallstones in population of Pakistan. Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed as cholelithiasis on ultrasonography were included in the study. Data collection through interview included age, sex, marital status, parity, height and weight. On the basis of height and weight Quetelet's body mass index (weight in kg/height in m 2 ) was calculated. Data collected also included Lipid profile Data was analyzed by SPSS version 17 for descriptive statistics. Setting and Period: This study was done at Department of Surgery, Dow University Hospital for a period of 6 months from February to July 2015. Results: 70% of patients were above 40 years of age, 88% were female, and 83.3% were multiparous while only 32% had BMI above 23. Conclusion: Female gender, fertility, middle age and flatulence are the common risk factors of gallstone formation while obesity is not a definite risk factor in Pakistan.


The development of criminal law of the Russian Federation protecting social relations in the economic sphere is impossible without the scientific conception base. The conception involves a definite balance between criminalization of new acts and decriminalization of the acts for which the criminal responsibility is established by the law in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. This balance was not practically followed in the Criminal Code by the legislator. In fact, there was an imbalance towards criminalization of new acts. During this period only four acts were decriminalized: pseudo-entrepreneurship (Art. 173 of the CC of the RF); misleading advertisement (Art.182 of the CC of the RF); smuggling (Art.188 of the CC of the RF); consumer fraud (Art. 200 of the CC of the RF). At the same time Chapter 22 was supplemented by more than ten novels. On the one hand, it should be noted that criminalization may eliminate gaps in current criminal law that protects social relations in the economic sphere. On the other hand, in the result of criminalization there is a danger of rising a law, which establishes criminal responsibility for the commission of acts, that is neither socially dangerous nor ''abortive''. The latter is referred to the novels that establish criminal responsibility for hostile takeover, illegal gambling, as well as ''fly-by-night companies'' and were introduced into Chapter 22 of the CC of RF in 2010-2011. Many other laws comprising Chapter 22 can be similarly characterized. In this case decriminalization of the relevant laws is under consideration. Decriminalization of acts in the economic sphere is appropriate not only by means of making them in torts. Due to the law analysis it becomes clear that some laws are special to those laws which establish criminal responsibility for crimes where social relations in the economic sphere cannot be the subject. Article 176 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as an example, sets forth responsibility for illegal lending. This act is considered to be fraud with infringement on property. Article 176 of the CC of the RF is virtually aimed at protection of social relations in the economic sphere. In connection with the introduction of Article 159.1 into Chapter 21 of the CC of the RF, which establishes responsibility for lending fraud, decriminalization of illegal lending is a major aspect (Art.180 of the CC of the RF). The conception of development of criminal law protecting social relations in the economic sphere cannot be either only criminalization or only decriminal-ization of acts. However, in present-day social and economic conditions decriminalization of acts is certain to be an important feature of the conception.


It is the first article of the two ones related to the Sagnac effect, the one of the main relativistic effects to be taken into account for synchronization of clocks in working global navigation satellite systems. Its sense consists of retarding/advancing signals propagating in opposite directions at the perimeter of a rotating disc. In the present article its theoretic foundation is given both within the framework of a kinematical effect in special relativity and in that of general relativity, where the effect is analyzed as a result of centrifugal forces potential's action. Besides, in both the theories two various approaches are applied. This enables delving into physical sense of the phenomenon. This theoretical presentation is used in the second article of the series to outline the effect under real conditions at location on the surface of rotating Earth, when optical fiber link is used for synchronization of atomic clocks.


The geographical information system(GIS) is adopted to devide the area of geological calamity of city of Tangshan(the earthquake,karst collapsed) quantitatively,into district mark urban area with many geological calamities and little disasters and to decide accurate position and range of disaster area on the appraisal of dangerous geological calamity of Tangshan.


When Scarlett O'Hara first appeared in Margaret Mitchell's 1936 epic, she resonated with Depression-era readers who identified with her immigrant heritage and resolute reaction to upheaval. By challenging the set gender and social standards of her day, Scarlett demonstrates to 1930s audiences a tangible means of overcoming adversity. Each time that Scarlett violates Southern societal roles, Mitchell attributes it to Scarlett's paternal Irish ancestry. However, the possibility that Scarlett's masculine behavior derives directly from her Irish heritage has not been examined by scholars. In the 1991 sequel Scarlett by Alexandra Ripley, Scarlett's Irish/masculine identity does not lead her to take on new gender roles for survival purposes, but serves to highlight the recent trend in society to accept the immigrant heritage possessed by so many Americans. Mitchell and Ripley's life experiences lead them to engage Scarlett's Irish/masculine identity in terms of gender and Southern societal roles, presenting differing perspectives on a popular fictional heroine and her relationship to cultural anxieties.


This study was designed to investigate the effectof polymorphisms of Superoxide desmutase1 and 2genesand how they contribute to the risk of developing asthma.A total 120 were involved in the present study anddivided into four groups and each group included 30 samples. First group was consisted 30 asthma malepatients with waterpipe smoking and second group was also 30 asthma male patients with no smoking,third group was control (no disease) with waterpipe smoking and the fourth group was control group(no disease and without waterpipe smoking).Blood samples were collected from Muthanna hospital andprivate laboratories from the periodmid-August to the mid-November 2020. To study the polymorphismphenomenon of SOD1 and SOD2 genes were assessed using RFLP- polymerase chain reaction (RFLPPCR)technique. This study confirmed that the phenomenon of polymorphism of the SOD1 genewas notassociated with the group of patients infected with asthma comparedto control group. This study conductedthat the phenomenon of polymorphism of the SOD2 geneis not associated with the group of patients infectedwith asthmacomparedto control group in presence and absence of waterpipe smoking.


The sound‐absorption coefficient has been measured by a pulse technique at a temperature of 30°C and under various pressures up to 15 000 psi in the frequency range 15 to 65 MHz. The observed data show that the absorption coefficient per wavelength decreases slightly as the pressure is increased in the frequency range measured. The relaxation frequency of the process appears to increase as the pressure is increased (from 67 MHz at 1 atmosphere to 86 MHz at 1000 atmospheres). The results here made by Fisher [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 30, 442 (1958)] are compared with similar measurements on 0.5 molal MgSO4 in a pure‐water solvent, studying the low‐frequency peak. The decrease in the size of the absorption coefficient here was much smaller. Sound‐velocity measurements were also made in this research. These indicate a nearly constant gradient of +17.3 cm/sec per atmosphere, close to the value for pure water. [This work was supported in part by the U. S. Office of Naval Research.]


This paper shows the experience of a public university offering teacher training to medical preceptors through ongoing training. To analyze the effectiveness of the proposed course, a survey was conducted with alumni preceptors. The electronic questionnaire was the instrument used to facilitate this work, which examines how the apprehension of new knowledge has been used in practical settings. The analysis of these responses will help to understood that the tutors took a break from traditional patterns of teaching, starting to act as protagonists of changes that enable an innovative medical education, to mold the current needs of Brazilian society.


Objective To explore the relativity and influences between anorexia and sleep disorder in order to provide favorable evidence and approach in clinical preventive medicine for early sleep disorder in infants.Methods ①Survey was conducted among 1534 infants aged from 2 to 12 in the Chengguan district of Lanzhou city;②Sample cases were divided into a normal group,a group with sleep disorder,a group with anorexia and another group with both sleep disorder and anorexia,so as to search for and analyze the relativity of sleep disorder and arrive at the conclusion of the survey through SPSS 11.5.Results ①The sleep disorder rate in children come to 21.5%;②While anorexia rate coupled with sleep disorder was higher by 11.7% than simple sleep disorder(9.8%) was several times higher than that of the normal group;③Premature birth,suffocation and insufficient sleep on the part of the pregnant mother directly affect the sleep quality of the child.Conclusion The high rate of sleep disorder in infants has a direct influence on their growth and development.Anorexia and sleep disorder are inter-related and inter-acted.


Background: Cyclophosphamide is the most widely used alkylating agent in the treatment of haematological malignancies. On the other hand, cyclophosphamide has adverse effects on the fertility of both sexes. Aim of the work: The present work was done to study the histological and stereological changes in the developing ovary of the albino rat after a period of treatment with cyclophosphamide and the effect of rehabilitation after stopping the drug. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six immature female rats (newborn, one week, two weeks, oneand-half month and two- and-half month) were used in this study. They were subdivided into two groups. The control group (n=24) was injected intraperitoneally with dextrose 5%. The experimental group (n= 12) at the age of two weeks, received 100mg/ kg body weight cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally once weekly for four successive weeks. At the end of the treatment period this group was subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup A (treated group) including the rats at the age of one- and- half month and subgroup B (rehabilitated group) including  the rats at the age of two-and-half month which received the same drug regimen, but sacrificed after another four weeks without treatment.  The specimens of all age groups were processed and stained with Heamatoxylin and Eosin. Other specimens at the age of one- and- half month were processed for semi-thin and ultra-thin examination. In the two age groups (control and treated) morphometeric measurements were performed. Results: The study showed shrinkage with decrease in the number and the size of the antral follicles, apoptosis and disorganization in the granulosa cell layers.  Ultrastucturally, the most important feature observed was the fragmentation and leakage of the cellular nuclear materials of the granulosa cells and their clumping in the antrum. Morphometeric measurements showed a very highly significant reduction in the average follicular and oocytic diameter of the antral follicles and in the number of the healthy antral follicles while there was high significant reduction in the number of atretic antral follicles. In the rehabilitated group the follicles were less affected. Oocytes were affected in both groups; they were either vacuolated or totally absent. Morphometeric measurements showed highly significant reduction of the average oocytic diameter and in the average number of the granulosa cell layers


Objective:To observe terminal segments of superior cerebral vein (SCVTS) draining into superior sagittal sinus (SSS) by way of microdissection and cerebral vascular casting, and provide morphological data for studying the pathogenesis of SSS thrombosis and its early and accurate diagnosis. Methods:30 cadaver heads(60 sides)injected with blue latex were dissected to observe and measure SCVTS, while 12 cerebral vascular casting from foetus and infants were observed. Results:Anterior and posterior segments of SSS absented the draining of SCVTS can be found. SCVTS drained into anterior SSS, along or against the flow direction, or even at a right angle, with the average number of 5.2, and the diameter (1.99±0.86) mm. On the other hand, SCVTS drained into posterior SSS against the blood flow direction, with average number of 6.0 and the diameter of (2.96±1.13)mm. Conclusions:Morphological characteristics of SCVTS is closely associated with pathogenesis of SSS thrombosis and possibly affect the neuroimaging of SSS thrombosis.


The Development of the Russian securities market at the present stage to some extent ahead of the growth of the Russian economy, which causes some imbalance in its functioning. Therefore became urgent task of finding mechanisms to protect against the risks of operations with securities.


Although research on employee participation is of interest to many managers, psychologists, sociologists and organizational scientists, studies on psychological aspects of participation are not satisfactory. This paper presents an alternative approach to examining organizational participation by using personal projects perspective which allows to examine psychological aspects of the individual person acting together with others in the organizational context. The results imply that participative projects lead to self-realization more often than non-participative projects as well as they are more controllable and perceived as more likely to end with


Abstract Conductimetric detection of bile acids in reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The solvent system of the mixture of water and organic solvent containing small amount of basic salts such as ammonium carbonate is found useable by removing the cation with the cation exchange column inserted between the ODS column and the conductance detector. Thus, a few ng of tauro-and glyco-conjugated bile acids can be detected without tedious derivatization and hydrolysis.


The wind capacity factor calculator is developed to perform two main tasks: to estimate the annual energy production from the wind resource at any location in South Africa, and to compare the two datasets used in its operation with standard error analysis to determine whether both datasets are suitable for use. This paper focuses on how the software was developed and on error analysis between the CSIR PV/ wind aggregation study data and the latest Wind Atlas for South Africa data. The results will indicate the way forward after determining whether the error found between the two datasets is significant enough to replace the former with latter, going forward.


The invention provides a real-time monitoring device for express packages. The device is used for monitoring the state information of an express package, wherein the state information of the express package at least includes the geographic location of the express package. The device is characterized by comprising a package monitoring terminal arranged on the express package, and a management center terminal arranged at a management center and in communication connection with the package monitoring terminal. The package monitoring terminal comprises a positioning part used for positioning the geographic location of the express package, and a package-side communication part used for sending the geographic location of the express package to the management center terminal. The management center terminal comprises a management-side communication part used for receiving the geographic location of the express package that is sent from the package monitoring terminal, and a display part used for displaying the received geographic location information.


Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD) is a multisystemic disorder caused by accumulation of glycosphingolipid in affected tissues and cardiac involvement can manifest with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), conduction delays, arrythmias and valvulopathies. Electrocardiogram (ECG) has proven to be useful for early detection of this condition, but there are only few datas on the association between ECG alterations and the progression of the disease.

 To evaluate the association between ECG anomalies and progressive cardiac involvement in AFD patients with different degrees of left ventricular hypertrophy.

 We recruited 189 AFD patients > 18 years old (39% males, median age 47 years, 68% classical AFD) in a multicentre cohort and we divided them into 4 groups according to different degree of left ventricular (LV) thickness: group A ≤ 9mm (n = 52, 28%); group B 10-14 mm (n = 76, 40%); group C 15-19 mm (n = 46, 24%); group D ≥ 20 mm (n = 15, 8%). They underwent a complete clinical, ECG and echocardiographic evaluation and we analysed their ECG features in order to detect patterns suggestive of the different stages of AFD.

 A normal ECG was present in 87% of patients in group A, 54% in group B, 11% in group C, and 7% in group D. The most common conduction delay type was right bundle branch block (RBBB), mainly incomplete in groups B and C (respectively 20% and 22%) and complete RBBB in group D (53%), with p < 0.001; whereas none of the patients had LBBB. The prevalence of LVH criteria showed a statistically significant increase among the groups (p < 0.001) and also negative T waves and ST segment depression were more frequent in group C and D (p < 0.001), involving mainly lateral and inferior leads. Analysing these results we proposed ECG patterns representative of different AFD stages characterized by increasing LV thickness. In patients with normal LV thickness (group A) we noticed a high prevalence of normal ECG (87%) and minor anomalies like LVH criteria/giant positive T waves (8%) and delta wave/slurred QRS onset together with borderline PR (8%). Differently patients with intermediate LV thickness (group B and C) show more heterogeneous ECG alterations: LVH/giant positive T waves (17% and 7%); LVH+LV strain (9% and 17%); incomplete RBBB associated with repolarization abnormalities (8% and 9%) which were more frequently associated with LVH criteria in group C than B (8% and 15% respectively). In patients with severe LVH (group D) we detected more significant anomalies, like complete RBBB associated to LVH and repolarization abnormalities (40%), sometimes with QRS fragmentation (13%).

 ECG represents an important tool for early detection and long-term monitoring of cardiac involvement in AFD with particular ECG features that evolve together with the natural history of the disease and with the progression of the LVH. Their potential association with clinical events remains unknown.


ABSTRACT Ethylene acrylic elastomers (AEM) and millable polyurethane (MPU) blend have been prepared successfully using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) system and the blend ratio is optimised on the basis of the tensile results. The optimised unvulcanised blend ratio (60:40) is subjected to different electron beam (EB) dose to obtain uniform three dimensional crosslinking networks. The characteristic shifting of = CO vibration in the Fourier-Transform Infrared spectra confirms the formation of hydrogen bonding between the two phases. The phase morphology of the two phases in the optimised blend has been captured in SEM and the results show the successful integration of MPU in AEM phase. It is found that the swelling of the irradiated blend decreases with increase in EB dose, whereas the increase in gel fraction and the crosslink density is due to the irradiation-induced crosslinking. The thermal stability of the irradiated blend has been improved in compression to the pristine form of individual phase. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


In this paper we study a free boundary problem in a multicomponent domain. Our study was motivated by the mathematical modeling of dermal and transdermal drug delivery, where the multilayered skin model was considered. At the interface connecting two components the conservation of the flux and Nernst's distribution law hold and it is supposed that in any component there is a positive minimum concentration at which the diffusion front can proceed. The existence of a solution and uniqueness in special cases are shown.


The absorption spectra of single crystals of Dy2O3 observed at 10°, 80°, and 290°K were analyzed in the 0.26–40‐μ wavelength region. Over 600 transitions from all eight crystalline Stark levels of the ground 6H15/2 state to 40 excited J manifolds of the Dy3+ ion in C2 sites were assigned. The observed spectrum is assigned with the aid of a calculation of ``free‐ion'' energy levels of Dy3+ between the ground state and 36 000 cm−1. The Racah parameters E1=6300, E2=31.95, E3=614.2, and ζ=−1881 cm−1, all obtained by direct diagonalization and least‐squares fitting, yield an rms deviation of 83 cm−1 between 31 observed and calculated free‐ion energy levels. The 6F1/2 state, and all states above 23 000 cm−1 are reported and analyzed for the first time in any crystal.


Study design: A cross-sectional non-experimental study. Objectives: To collectively detect the reliability and feasibility of the five types of clinical tests that have been used to measure endurance of the trunk muscles in subjects with and without low back pain (LBP) and identify the sensitivity of each test to predict the probability of the occurrence of LBP. Background: Testing spinal muscle endurance seems to be very important in prediction, prevention and rehabilitation of LBP. Several types of methods of static endurance testing such as: Sorensen test, prone isometric chest raise test, prone double straight-leg raise test, supine isometric chest raise test and supine double straight-leg raise test regarding their utilization have been reported in the literature. However, iden tification of the tests that have more dominant sensitivity on assessment of LBP has not yet been determined. Information regarding the sensitivity of each test is needed for effective prevention and appropriate treatment strategies. Methods: A total of 200 subjects participated in this study. Subjects were cat egorized into four groups: asymptomatic males (N= 50, mean age= 38+12 years), asymptomatic females (N= 50, mean age= 43+11 years), males with LBP (N= 50, mean age= 39+12 years), and females with LBP (N= 50, mean age= 43+12 years). Five clinical tests were measured in each group and the relative association of each test on LBP was assessed. Results: Among all the performed tests, the prone double straight-leg raise test had the highest association with LBP. Other tests such as the prone isometric chest raise test, Supine isometric chest raise test and Supine double straight-leg raise test had low association with LBP in comparison with the prone double straight-leg raise test. Conclusion: It seems that the prone double straight-leg raise test has more asso ciation with LBP than other tests and could be used as a useful method for testing spinal muscle endurance, prediction of the probability of the occurrence of LBP, and prevenCorresponding author: Amir Massoud Arab, PT., M.Sc., Shahrak Telephone: (++98) 21 88096329, Fax: (++98) 21 22418764 Gharb, Hormozan Street, Soroush Alley, No:10, Tehran 14667, Iran, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Receptors moving in and out of the synapse The number of neurotransmitter receptors and their spatial organization on the postsynaptic site is a central determinant of synaptic efficacy. Sophisticated techniques to visualize and track the movement of single molecules have provided us with profound new insights into these dynamics. We now know that neurotransmitter receptors undergo movements on different scales. Groc and Choquet review our present understanding of the mechanisms that regulate glutamate receptor localization and clustering. Receptor movements are fundamental to basic synaptic function and participate in many forms of synaptic plasticity. Science, this issue p. eaay4631 BACKGROUND Since it was established that the cognitive brain is formed mostly by an interconnected network of neurons that communicate at contact sites termed synapses, intense research has aimed at identifying their molecular composition and physiological roles. The discovery that the efficacy of synaptic transmission can be modified by neuronal activity has undoubtedly been a major step in understanding brain function. The various forms of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity were early on proposed to play central roles in brain adaptation, learning, and memory. This motivated neurophysiologists to understand the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, initially within the sole framework of the quantal properties of transmitter release, largely ignoring the cell biology revolution that was occurring in parallel. In the 1970s, at the same time that synaptic plasticity was discovered, the fluidity of cell membranes was established. Surprisingly, these contemporary findings seldom crossed paths. As cell biologists established the major roles of receptor trafficking in cell function, neurophysiologists still largely viewed synapse function as based on unitary receptor properties and control of transmitter release. It has been only about 20 years since the two fields cross-fertilized and the regulation of receptor movements into and out of synapses emerged as a fundamental mechanism for synaptic plasticity. ADVANCES Largely based on the development of imaging approaches, including single-molecule tracking, receptors have been demonstrated to undergo a variety of movements, from long-range rapid motor-based intracellular transport, to short-range Brownian surface diffusion, and intercompartment exchange by membrane trafficking. For efficient synaptic transmission, receptors must accumulate in front of neurotransmitter release sites. This is accomplished through a set of interactions with intracellular scaffold proteins, transmembrane auxiliary subunits, or adhesion proteins and other extracellular elements. This duality of receptor movements and stabilization has led to the important concept that the number of functionally responsive receptors at synapses results from the interplay between reversible receptor stabilization and dynamic equilibrium between pools of receptors in the synaptic, extrasynaptic, and intracellular compartments. Coarse receptor distribution along dendrites is largely achieved by intracellular transport. Because exchange of receptors between surface and intracellular compartments seems to occur largely at extrasynaptic sites, reversible surface receptor diffusion trapping at synapses has emerged as a central mechanism to control their availability for synaptic activation. Receptor stabilization and movements are all profoundly regulated by short- and long-term neuronal activity patterns. Reciprocally, evidence has accumulated that receptor movements participate in many forms of synaptic plasticity. Notably, altered receptor movements are observed in many neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, or neurodegenerative pathological models as indicated in the figure [the + and – signs indicate the reported positive and negative modulation of the indicated trafficking and stabilization processes during either normal (blue) or pathological (red) synaptic function]. Whether altered receptor trafficking represents the primum movens of some neurological diseases remains to be established, but is certainly an attractive hypothesis. OUTLOOK Most receptor trafficking studies have been performed in reduced experimental systems such as neuronal cultures. This has limited our understanding of the physiological impact of these processes. The development of brighter and smaller probes together with new imaging modalities are on the verge of allowing routine measurement of receptor movements in more physiological settings such as brain slices and in vivo. There is little doubt that qualitatively comparable trafficking modalities will be identified. Reciprocally, tools are being developed to control the various types of receptor movements, from blocking surface diffusion by receptor cross-linking to stopping receptor exocytosis with light-activated toxins. Often, these trafficking tools do not impair basic synaptic function, because resilience of the synapse to trafficking alterations is high owing to the amount of available receptors, as well as the trapping capacities and nanoscale organization of the synapse. Combining measurement and control of receptor movements will not only allow better understanding of their contribution to synaptic and neuronal function but also provide valuable tools for identifying the role of synaptic plasticity in higher brain functions. Controlling receptor movements or stabilization may eventually represent an alternative therapeutic strategy to receptor activity modulation approaches in a variety of synaptic and network-based brain diseases. Neurotransmitter receptors undergo a variety of large- and small-scale movements. Movements of large amplitude constantly reshuffle the receptor distribution (e.g., surface diffusion and intracellular transport). Movements at interfaces (e.g., between synaptic and extrasynaptic sites, between intracellular and surface compartments) are of small amplitude but have huge functional impacts. Each of these movements is highly regulated and finely tuned in physiological and pathological conditions. Regulation of neurotransmitter receptor content at synapses is achieved through a dynamic equilibrium between biogenesis and degradation pathways, receptor stabilization at synaptic sites, and receptor trafficking in and out synapses. In the past 20 years, the movements of receptors to and from synapses have emerged as a series of highly regulated processes that mediate postsynaptic plasticity. Our understanding of the properties and roles of receptor movements has benefited from technological advances in receptor labeling and tracking capacities, as well as from new methods to interfere with their movements. Focusing on two key glutamatergic receptors, we review here our latest understanding of the characteristics of receptor movements and their role in tuning the efficacy of synaptic transmission in health and brain disease.


This invention uses gutta-percha tree leaves as the raw material to make gutta-percha tea through the process of selecting, cleaning by drifting, withering, green-fading under high temp. . Kneading, fermenting, drying colour applying, sieving, assorting, and even piling. Then, the gutta-perch tea is blended with other kinds of tea to produce the gutta-percha tea.


A study was conducted in Iddia to study vaginal smears of lactating and nonlactating women to determine the return of ovulation. 125 cases of postpartum amenorrhea were studied 100 lactating and 25 nonlactating. Maturation index maturation value and karyopyknotic index were used to evaluate the smears; and the estrogenic effect of vaginal epithelium was studied according to colpocytological count obtained from smears. An atrophic type of smear was obtained in the immediate postpartum period; the malignantlike changes returned to normal in time. The cornification index increased for 1 year but if lactation was prolonged it fell slightly. The ovaries started functioning much earlier in the nonlactating women than in the lactating women. The return of ovarian activity was later in multiparous than in primiparous women. The low nutritional status group experienced a later return of ovarian activity compared the fair or good nutritional group. In lactating women ovulation occurred in 10% of the cases during the lactational period and in nonlactating women it occurred in 16% of the cases.


In Sweden, when needed, children of mothers with cognitive limitations are placed infoster homes. There is a lack of knowledge about the mothers with cognitive limitations,their experiences of thei ...


Core light microscopy facilities have been established at most major Swiss universities and research institutes. Their modern and technically diverse equipment is primarily dedicated to in-house users, but opens increasingly to externals from other academic institutions as well as from the private sector. A recent survey of Swiss light microscopy facility managers enabled an analysis of the challenges involved in the running of such facilities and highlighted their scientific and economic impact within thier home institutions and beyond.


Regarding t the location of the studied area with 36.8, 52.15 to 36.2, 52.30, on the seismic belt of Iran and with regard to the occurrence of great eathquakes in this area in the twentieth century, studying the neotectonic events are of considerable importance.thus, in studying the neotectonic indices including the pattern of drainagee geometry, index gradient of river, the ratio of the valley width to its depth and vibratory back ground, the tectonic movement information can be ontaind which are indicative of tectonic activation in this area.


The objective of the study was to understand the usefulness of performance evaluation for people who are working in a public or private entity in Bogota and who have had the experience of participating in at least three performance evaluations in their working life. An exploratory quantitative research was carried out through a virtual survey with four dimensions: evaluation system, results, feedback and usefulness of the evaluation, which was applied to 276 people selected by sampling for convenience. The descriptive analysis of the results allowed us to conclude that, although for most participants there is a management process designed in an adequate manner, they consider that it does not generate usefulness for their professional and personal development since the procedure is well carried out up to the feedback stage and improvement plans are rarely made. Finding that, the usefulness does not depend on the sector or type of company but on how the evaluation process is achieved.


Traffic Managers worldwide are faced with an increasing demand for state-of-the-art intelligent traffic systems: both for statistics purposes as for safety issues. Fast-developing urban regions have a need for information on traffic streams, to take well-founded decisions regarding new road infrastructure and changes to the existing infrastructure. Also on highways, traffic congestion and secondary accidents are now costing thousands of lives and billions of dollars every year. Therefore, traffic managers need an effective incident management system. Traditionally, loops and CCTV cameras provide ample information to direct traffic flows and assemble statistics. But their information is limited, and increasing traffic volume and complexity has created a need for more optimized systems; highly automatic incident management systems in particular. Today, video image processing systems handle both traffic data collection and automatic incident detection. This ITS technology has proven to be very reliable. Its incident detection shows a high detection rate, a short time to detect, fast incident verification and a low false alarm rate. This paper discusses the wide range of capabilities and some of the limitations of video image processing for highway incident detection as Traficon has experienced it over the past 20 years. Two main items are focused: nowadays video detection has proven to be a very reliable incident management tool. This ITS technology is the fastest system to detect incidents. Next to incident management, this paper will also focus on traffic data collection via Video Image Processing (VIP). A definition is given of traffic data quality and some new insights will demonstrate that video detection, when it is used correctly, offers great potential for highway data acquisition. A detailed case study of the highway incident detection and traffic data collection project in Atlanta will serve as an illustration.


This article describes an asymptotic method for obtaining estimates of variance and covariance for partial rank order correlation coefficients based on contingency table data The approach used is an extension of the Grizzle, Starmer, and Koch technique for the analy sis of complex contingency tables The variance and co variance estimates may be used to test hypotheses concerning the partial correla tions


A young dog was presented with a one month history of pungent breath and unilateral right-sided nasal discharge. Computed tomography detected focal turbinate lysis at the level of the canine tooth and second premolar tooth. Rhinoscopic examination identified a focal white mass in the mid-right nasal cavity. Histopathology of the mass diagnosed mycotic rhinitis. A pure growth of the fungus Scedosporium apiospermum was cultured from nasal tissue biopsies. Treatment consisted of a single bilateral nasal 1% clotrimazole infusion, administered over one hour. Repeat rhinoscopy one month later demonstrated no recurrence of the fungus and there has been no recurrence to 12 months later. This is the first reported case of S.apiospermum isolated from the nasal cavity of a dog in Australia and should be considered as a differential for nasal discharge and a potential cause of fungal rhinitis in dogs.


The invention relates to a nitrile ester phosphorus potassium amine active fertilizer produced from organic wastes. The nitrile ester phosphorus potassium amine active fertilizer is produced through the following steps of: adding a fermentation microbial inoculum into the organic wastes, selecting appropriate inorganic and organic inducers according to the need of a reproduction enzyme of the fermentation microbial inoculum, metering, blending, crushing and homogenizing according to a mixing ratio, inducing the fermentation microbial inoculum to ferment and thoroughly decompose the organic wastes, and carrying out material matching and blending after fermentation and thorough decomposition to obtain the nitrile ester phosphorus potassium amine active fertilizer.


GJOING private restructures corporate ownership by replacing the entire public stock interest with full equity ownership by an incumbent management group. In many going-private transactions, or minority freezeouts as they are frequently called, current managers have majority control of the public corporation and obtain complete equity ownership of the surviving private corporation. In some cases, managers share subsequent equity ownership with outside private investors who help finance the acquisition of publicly held stock. The reorganization of corporate ownership is effected through a variety of legal vehicles, a common example of which is a cash-out merger of the public firm into a shell corporation created expressly for the transaction and wholly owned by the management group. Managerial conflicts of interest in going-private transactions are widely believed to result in "unfair" treatment of public stockholders (hence the


As a major Ca 2+ pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the cardiomyocyte, SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase 2a) controls the relaxation and contraction of the cardiomyocyte. It is meticulously regulated by adapting its expression levels and affinity for Ca 2+ ions to the physiological demand of the heart. Dysregulation of the SERCA2a activity entails poor cardiomyocyte contractility, resulting in heart failure. Conversely, improving cardiac SERCA2a activity, e.g. by boosting its expression level or by increasing its affinity for Ca 2+ , is a promising strategy to rescue contractile dysfunction of the failing heart. The structures of the related SERCA1a Ca 2+ pump and the Na + /K + -ATPase of the plasma membrane exposed the pumping mechanism and conserved domain architecture of these ion pumps. However, how the Ca 2+ affinity of SERCA2a is regulated at the molecular level remained unclear. A structural and functional analysis of the closely related SERCA2b Ca 2+ pump, i.e. the housekeeping Ca 2+ pump found in the endoplasmic reticulum and the only SERCA isoform characterized by a high Ca 2+ affinity, aimed to fill this gap. We demonstrated the existence of a novel and highly conserved site on the SERCA2 pump mediating Ca 2+ affinity regulation by the unique C-terminus of SERCA2b (2b-tail). It differs from the earlier-described target site of the affinity regulator phospholamban. Targeting this novel site may provide a new approach to improve SERCA2a function in the failing heart. Strikingly, the intramembrane interaction site of the 2btail in SERCA2b shares sequence and structural homology with the binding site of the β-subunit on the α Na + /K + -ATPase. Thus P-type ATPases seem to have developed related mechanisms of regulation, and it is a future challenge for us to discover these general principles of P-type regulation.


Owing to various reasons, tenable and untenable, successive governments in Nigeria have annulled licenses duly granted to identifiable upstream petroleum operators. With due sense of circumspect, when irregularities manifest in the process and the grant of substantive licences, such does not vest in the government an unfettered right to annul the licence. There are evidences of such occurrence in spite of established procedures regulating annulments, commonly referred to as revocation or cancellation. This paper is a critique of the annulment of oil licenses and the associated contractualregulatory dimensions. The validity of the Federal Government's actions also comes to the fore, particularly in the light of renewed drive to attract investments into the upstream sector. Thus, as some benefits are accruable to the players, it is also important to appraise the consequential costs attributable to undue annulment of oil licenses. The paper adopts a descriptive analytical method of available facts, expounds requisite statutory provisions and utilizes judicial precedents to highlight the context of the study. It is imperative that the Federal Government adheres to established procedures on oil license annulment, as a contrary posture will amount to several negative outcomes.


RISK MANAGEMENT of Industrial Radiography Personnel Certification Activities to Ensure Worker Safety and Health. The increasing use of radioactive substances and other radiation sources in the Indonesian industry for non-destructive testing lead to a rise in the need for radiographers. In carrying out certification activities, NQSC utilizes radioactive sources in the form of gamma rays from X-ray appliances. Therefore adequate risk management to ensure the safety and health of participants is needed. The risk management process carried out by PSMN uses the hierarchy principle at ISO 45001 and other preventive measures regulated in the IAEA Safety Guidelines, with the measures evaluated periodically using dose reading data. The dosage results on workers and examinees showed that the dose value is below the allowable value with a Dose Limit Value (NBD) of no more than 20 mSv per year. This means that the risk management measures guarantee worker safety and health in the certification activities of industrial radiography personnel in PSMN.


Based on the 2D model,the case of DOA estimation in presence of complicated noise is studied in this paper.Using the cumulant-based algorithms,the characteristics of the noise don't have to be known when the noise is Gaussian. New algorithm determines elevation and azimuth at the same time.


The purpose of this study is to determine which domain of organizational mindfulness of school heads significantly influences the work engagement of teachers. To do so, the study employed the non-experimental quantitative research design employing the descriptive-correlational technique, and N=134 randomly selected teachers from different elementary schools of Matanao II District in Davao del Sur, Philippines were the research participants. Weighted mean and standard deviation, Pearson r and multiple linear regression analysis are the statistical tools employed in analyzing and interpreting the data. Analysis reveals that both organizational mindfulness of school heads and work engagement of teachers were of a high level. The study was able to establish the significance of the relationship between organizational mindfulness of school heads and the work engagement of teachers. Lastly, despite both mindful behavior of school heads that best influence work engagement of teachers.  Article visualizations:


The subfamily Palophaginae (Megalopodidae) proposed in 1990 for two leaf-beetle genera of Australia has since been discovered in South America. Its presence in the Neotropical Region became known to the authors in late 1990 but all efforts to obtain adults in the field and lab had failed until April 1995 when the first adult emerged from rearing. The beetle is described below as Palophagoides vargasorum gen. et spec. nov. It is reported from the provinces of Malleco and Cautin in Chile and Neuquen in Argentina. In habitus, size and patterns it is remarkably similar to Palophagus bunyae of Queensland and biologically also alike by being associated with the same genus of tree, Araucaria araucana (pehuen or monkey-puzzle). Larvae develop in the male strobili (cones); they are already nearly full grown by the time the cones burst open and release the pollen. The mature larva drops to the ground and enters the soil to go through an additional, rather remarkable new instar or prepupal stage (hypermetamorphosis).


The synthetic hydrotalcites with Mg/Al molar ratios of 2.0−3.5 were synthesized by coprecipitation method at low supersaturation conditions followed by hydrothermal treatment under autogenous water vapor pressure at 70−140 °C. These synthesized samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and surface area measurements. The hydrothermal treatment at increasing temperature and longer aging time increased the crystallinity and crystallite size of the hydrotalcite significantly. The crystallinity and crystallite size of the hydrotalcite were observed to decrease on increasing the Mg/Al ratio. The surface area of hydrotalcite was observed to increase on increasing the Mg/Al molar ratio from 2.0 to 3.5. From the kinetic data for crystallization of hydrotalcite at different temperatures, the values of rate constants and activation energy were calculated. The Avrami−Erofeev mod...


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the oviposition behavior of Helicoverpa armigera confined in different adult pair density and growth stages of soybean plants, and the resistance of soybean genotypes to H. armigera in the category nonpreference for oviposition. The oviposition behavior of H. armigera was assessed using one, two, and four adult pairs per soybean plant of the cultivar BR-16 at the growth stages: vegetative V8 (eighth unrolled trifoliate leaf), reproductive R2 (full bloom) and reproductive R5.2 (beginning seed). The nonpreference for oviposition was evaluated using eight soybean genotypes and an oviposition preference index was calculated. The number of trichomes in leaflets was quantified for being correlated to H. armigera oviposition. One adult pair and soybean plants stage at pod-set affected and showed the best results oviposition preference on soybean plants. The genotypes M8230-RR and W711-RR presented resistance characteristics, and PI-227687 was preferred for oviposition. The trichome density positively affects the female oviposition behavior.


The establishment of UMP/UMK based on PP on wage is accomplished in a simple way without making survey on price. The minimum wage is determined on this PP is made by using the formula of minimum wage calculation in KHL in accordance with the productivity and economic growth. With this calculation, the rise of minimum wage could be estimated either by the employee / labor, or the entrepreneurs every year. Furthermore, it will give warranty to the entrepreneur in their entrepreneurship.  The presence of PP on wage, in fact, triggers many rejections from employee/labor because it is in contradictory with the Act of Employment which results disadvantages for employee/labor because the determination of UMK/UMP will be made without the Union of Labors but it will be decided directly by the governor without any recommendation from the regent/mayor. Keyword : Sensitivity Pp 78 Year 2015 On Wage


With the advancement in wireless communication technology, the ease of accessibility and increasing coverage area is a major challenge for service providers. Network densification through Small cell Base Stations (SBS) integration in Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) promises to improve network performance for cell edge users. Since providing wired backhaul for small cells is not cost effective or practical, the third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has developed architecture for self-backhaul known as Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) for Fifth Generation (5G). This allows for Main Base Station (MBS) resources to be shared between SBS and MBS users. However, fair and efficient division of MBS resources remains a problem to be addressed. We develop a novel transmit antenna selection/partitioning technique for taking advantage of IAB 5G standard for Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) HetNets. Transmit antenna resources are divided among access for MBS users and for providing wireless backhaul for SBS. We develop A Genetic Algorithm (GA) based Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) scheme and compare with random selection, eigenvalue-based selection and bandwidth portioning. Our analysis show that GA based TAS has the ability to converge to an optimum antenna subset providing better rate coverage. Furthermore, we also signify the performance of TAS based partitioning over bandwidth partitioning and also show user association can also be controlled using number of antennas reserved for access or backhaul.


PurposeAugmented reality (AR) is transforming the business and interactive marketing landscape. This research aims to investigate consumers' degree of involvement and if a feeling of immersion and presence influences AR shopping satisfaction, comparing high- and low-immersive AR experiences.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a quantitative approach. Two studies were carried out: a high-immersive AR experiment with 173 participants and a low-immersive AR experience with 222 participants. Findings were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling with SmartPLS.FindingsResults indicate the antecedents of immersion and presence differ when it comes to different immersive AR levels. In a high-immersive AR experience, flow, information seeking and novelty are attributes related to immersion, while enjoyment and personalization are related to presence. Contrastingly, in a low-immersive AR experience, only flow is related to immersion, while information seeking, novelty and personalization are related to presence. These results highlight the role of immersion and presence as mediators for AR shopping satisfaction experience.Originality/valueThis study's originality lies in the use of a rival model for analysis. Findings suggest a contingent perspective of AR experience, depending on high- or low-immersion experience, so companies must pay attention for how to measure AR experiences to increase involvement and satisfaction.


vacuum deliveries: a major determinant for the development of faecal incontinence. Gut 1993; 34. S.41 (Abstract). 25 Engel AF, Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Nicholls €U, Bartram CI. Outcome after anterior obstetric sphincter repair is related to external sphincter function and dtrasound appearance. Gut 1993; 34: S40 (Abstract). 26 Miller R, Bartolo DCC, Locke-Edmunds JC, Mortensen NJMcC. Prospective study of conservative and operative treatment for faeealincontinence. BrJSwg 1988; 75: 101-5. 27 Felt Bergsma IUF, Klinkenberg Knol EC, Meuwissen SGM. Investigation of anorectal function. Br JSurg 1988; 75: 53-5. 28 Sun WM, Donelly TC, Read NW. Utility of combined test of anorectal manornew, electromyography, and sensation in determining the mechanism of idiopathic faecal incontinence.


This study was carried out to investigate the effect of addition of different levels of L-arginine (0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 mM) to improve the poor motile of Holstein bulls spermatozoa. Semen collected from five Holstein bulls once weekly and ejaculates with 45-50% mass motility was pooled. Semen was diluted with Trisegg yolk extender at 37C° and divided into five parts,1 st part without supplement (control), other four parts 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th were supplemented with 3, 5, 7 and 10 mM Larginine respectively. Diluted semen was equilibrated at 4 C° for 4 h, then, filled in 0.25 ml French straws. Straws were kept on liquid nitrogen vapors for 10 min and then plunged and stored in liquid nitrogen at -196C°. Progressive sperm motility, live sperm, abnormal sperm and sperm acrosome integrity were determined post-dilution, equilibration and post-thawing processing. The results were referred that extenders with concentrations of 5 and 7mM L-Arginine were improved all parameters studied than 3; 10 mM L-arginine extenders and control extender at different cryopreservation processes. The percentage of DNA damage were 20.0, 10.8, 4.40, 3.20 and 9.40 for control and 3, 5, 7 and 10 mM L-arginine extenders respectively. Significant differences in chromatin integrity were observed among control and treatments (P<0. 05). Also, fertility rate was higher in Friesian cows artificially inseminated with 5 and 7 mM L-arginine (65 and 66%) compared with control (45%). Conclusively, it could be concluded that adding L-arginine with concentrations of 5 or 7mM to Tris-extender improved the freezability and fertility of poor quality of Holstein bull spermatozoa.


Eight parental lines of diverse origin of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were crossed in 8 A— 8 diallel mating design excluding reciprocals. The 28 F1 hybrids along with their parents and one standard check (H-86) were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications during seasons of rabi 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14. In the present study, revealed that heterosis over better parent, mid parent, standard check and inbreeding depression was observed for all the traits under studies. Highly significant heterosis was observed for days to first flowering (-13.49, -13.52 and -12.28%), number of flowers per cluster (17.90, 22.11 and 24.27%), days to first harvest (-8.01, -11.04 and -9.76%), number of fruit per cluster (39.17, 42.71 and 20.71%), fruit diameter (19.93, 31.43 and 13.27%), fruit length (19.29, 22.34 and 13.35%), Average fruit weight (18.88, 19.41 and 7.80%), number of fruits per plant (25.86, 46.69 and 41.87%) and yield per plant (58.61, 75.61 and 56.33%) over the better, mid and standard parents, respectively along with considerable inbreeding depression. Most promising cross Pant T-3 A— H-24 showed highly significant positive heterosis over better parent for yield per plant.


A method for connecting circuit units (101a-101n) which are arranged on a wafer (100), comprising the steps of: a) depositing the wafer (100) on a first film (102a), which is designed as an adhesive sheet, so that an adhesive bond of the wafer with the first film (102a) is provided; b) sawing the wafer (100) such that (on the wafer disposed 100) circuit units (101a-101n) are separated; c) Recording of functional circuit units (101d) by means of a handling device (103); d) depositing the added functional circuit units (101d) on a second sheet (102b) by means of the handling device (103) such that a predeterminable pitch is provided, wherein the second film (102b) in their properties identical (to the first slide 102a) is; comprises e) providing a modified wafer (100a), the only functional circuit units (101d); arranged f) packaging (on the modified wafer 100a) functional circuit units (101d) with a potting compound (105); g) application of connection units ...


The purpose of this literature review was to investigate the effectiveness of various play therapy interventions for decreasing developmentally inappropriate aggression of children. Psychoanalytic, cognitive-behavioral, and person-centered approaches of play therapy were reviewed. Each of the three theoretical approaches to therapy was described in relation to the aggressive behaviors of children. Similarities and differences among the three therapies were discussed. Efficacy of the interventions was presented based on published literature only. More studies of the various types of play therapy, particularly in relation to the aggressive behaviors of children, need to be conducted and results disseminated. PLAY THERAPY FOR CHILDREN WITH AGGRESSIVE BERA VIOR A Master's Paper Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts in Education Jennifer M. Brehm University of Northern Iowa August 2000 iii This Research Paper by: Jennifer M. Brehm Entitled: PLAY THERAPY FOR CHILDREN WITH AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR has been approved as meeting the research paper requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts in Education: General Educational Psychology iv Head, Department of Educational Psychology & Foundations Annette M. Carmer Terry Kottman Donald W. Schmits


Human-constructed lakes cause local habitat and environmental changes, both during the time of construction and in later years. Later changes can include the flooding regime, microclimate, and species dispersal in adjacent forests. In summer 2011, we sampled eleven areas at five locations at least 15 m from the shoreline of Lake Texoma, Oklahoma and Texas. Lake Texoma is a US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) lake, formed by the Dension Dam begun in 1938 and completed in 1944. The native vegetation in the area includes grassland, upland oak-hickory forest, and bottomland forest. Using a modified circular-nested-quadrats method we collected data on tree species abundance and diameter at breast height, sapling number, and seedling number. We calculated density, basal area, diversity, and evenness for trees on four stands in upland forest with Quercus stellata dominant and on five stands in bottomland forest, generally dominated by Ulmus americana. These stands seemed to be maintaining themselves, showing reproduction as saplings and seedlings of the dominant species. Salix nigra was the dominant species in two other stands; but it was not reproducing itself so these stands are unlikely to persist as willow stands. Most of the forest stands show evidence of disturbance; several had invasion of Juniperus virginiana and one of the bottomland stands was being invaded by Albizia julibrissin. ©2013 Oklahoma Academy of Science.


This paper summarizes the physical factors considered in the lightning damage research by investigating the technical progress of the lightning direct effect test and simulation of the CFRP structure. Limitations of its theoretical methods on the lightning damage simulation of the CFRP-metal structure have been considered, and its applicable scope has been expended. Consequently, a calculation method for the lightning damage of the CFRP-metal structure that can solve the problems of the nacelle with metal materials such as metal mesh or metal connectors has been proposed. The lightning damage of the CFRP structure protected by ECF and the CRFP-metal structure are both analyzed as application models. The obtained data can be provided as design basis for lightning protection of aircraft CFRP-metal structure.


The fishery of the perch fishes at Muttom has been studied and discussed based on the data collected during
1987 and 1988. Perches form 33.3% of the local fish catch amounting to em annual average of 222 tonnes. November
to April is the best season for perch fishery at Muttom with peak in January. Lethrinids, Lutjanids and Nemipterids
formed respectively 64.5%, 16.4% and 13.0% of the perch landings. The remaining quantity was constituted by
Serranids, Sparids and Siganids. Hooks and line contributed to 86.0% of the catch which is followed by Traps
(11.2%) and Gill nets (2.8%). Distribution of sizes of important species in the fishery are given along with suggestions
for improving the catch.


In order to fulfil its legal mandate to assign an initial security classification of minimum, medium, or maximum to all federally sentenced women offenders, the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) has used the Custody Rating Scale (CRS) - an objective statistical tool - for more than a decade. Despite CSC's numerous claims of this tool's validity and the equity of its outcomes, it has been repeatedly suggested that the CRS misclassifies women in general, and Aboriginal women in particular. This article extends the (theoretical) debate surrounding the applicability of the CRS for these two sub-groups of the inmate population. Using actual findings published by CSC, this article empirically demonstrates that the overall scale, one of its two sub-scales, and many of the individual items making up the classification tool have weak or no predictive validity for Aboriginal and/or non-Aboriginal women. Further, it provides evidence that the CRS introduces a systematic bias against Aboriginal (relative to non-Ab...


This paper describes the decline in the use of traditional horticultural planting in urban greenspace in Britain in response to the development of sustainability-biodiversity notions, the ongoing funding crisis and the deskilling of the landscape maintenance workforce. An alternative model of greenspace planting is proposed, that avoids the low biodiversity of simple horticultural monocultural planting and the potentially challenging appearance of native, nature-like plant communities. This involves ecologically based plant communities developed at the University of Sheffield composed of both native and exotic species that can be both rich ecologically and aesthetically, and managed via crude non-selective techniques such as cutting and burning. The remainder of the paper explores the impediments to the widespread adoption of this type of synthetic vegetation. Particular attention is paid to whether non-native, exotic plants can validly be included within the concept of biodiversity and sustainability, valued by the public and successfully managed by horticulturally trained maintenance staff. INTRODUCTION In Britain in particular, but in other western countries too, many examples of the shrubby and herbaceous plantings used in urban greenspace are in decline, due to a reluctance to adequately fund ongoing maintenance and renewal. Within the past decade substantial funding has been made available through the British National Lottery for the restoration of some of the most historically significant of these planted landscapes. This however is likely to have little impact on most horticulturally based public landscape planting, which will continue to decline, despite the increasing mobilisation of community groups in the maintenance of public landscapes. By "horticultural", I refer to plantings composed primarily of exotic species and cultivars, organised in culturally informed arrangements, rather than as ecologically based plant communities. These horticultural plant communities are managed relatively intensively to reduce competition between planted stock and spontaneously invading weeds to ensure the persistence of the former. Over the past decade the ongoing decline of public landscape maintenance, the realisation that funding will never again reach the levels of the C19th or even early C20th and the arrival of new social and environmental movements has initiated a search for "new" planting styles to help re-envigorate public landscapes. Views differ on what these might be, however the consensus is that these plantings should have relatively low maintenance costs, be as sustainable as possible, taxonomically diverse, demonstrate marked seasonal change, and support as much wildlife as possible. These requirements fly in the face of traditional horticultural wisdom which rightly argues that maintenance costs are generally proportional to planting complexity. The nature conservation movement has seized upon the inability to adequately fund the maintenance of traditional horticulturally based plantings, as an opportunity to increase the use of native "habitat" plantings in urban landscapes. This has occurred to a considerable degree over the past 20 years in Britain, mirroring what had happened much earlier in some other European countries. This has been a very positive development, the most obvious product of which has been substantial areas of young woodlands, which although rather ecologically depauperate should enrich with time. As woodland and mown turf are the two most inexpensive vegetation types to manage in the long term Proc. IC on Urban Horticulture Eds: R. Junge-Berberovic et al. Acta Hort 643, ISHS 2004 98 (National Urban Forestry Unit 1998) many areas of declining horticultural vegetation are likely to be converted into one of these two vegetation types. From a resource management and in nature conservation perspective (in the case of woodland) this is a sensible course of action, however in urban contexts it may produce greenery that is relatively dull to many urban dwellers. To avoid this, native woodland structure planting needs to be supplemented by areas of shrubby and herbaceous vegetation that provide marked seasonal change, a high level of detail and dramatic colour "events". This might be provided by traditional horticultural planting where sufficient funding and skills are available, as for example at Enkőping, in Sweden (Toll 2000). Where these resources are not available, new plantings will need to be based on alternative paradigms, that exploit ecological as well as horticultural processes and understanding. Ecologically Based Herbaceous and Woody Plantings There has been much interest in "naturalistic" planting in countries such as Germany with the Hansen school of using herbaceous perennials (Hansen and Stahl 1993) building on the traditions of Lange (1922) and others. Despite its goal of mimicking the appearance of semi-nature vegetation such as Steppe etc., this movement operates within the principles and practices of traditional horticulture. Composition of plantings is heavily dependent on the application of intensive, selective maintenance. Research by author, and Dr Nigel Dunnett at the Department of Landscape at the University of Sheffield over the past decade has developed an alternative approach to naturalistic herbaceous and shrubby plantings. This makes much greater use of ecological processes, whilst at the same time utilising the richness of the horticultural flora. In doing this we have been motivated by the possibility that unless horticultural planting can be re-invented to fit the requirements of the new century, it may disappear from greenspace altogether, and be restricted to private gardens. This would represent a serious diminution of greenspace richness. The authors research has often used sowing in situ to create plant communities, consisting of ecologically compatible species that may be native, exotic or both. Planting is also used in combination with sowing where appropriate to create specific effects or to establish species that cannot be established by sowing. A key goal of the research is to produce the exaggerated drama of horticultural planting, irrespective of whether the species are native or exotic; this is not the ascetic vegetation of habitat restoration. The structure of the vegetation is however random, and chaotic. Given that these communities are often established by sowing, there are many plants per m. Hence the vegetation responds to competition, in a similar way to seminatural vegetation, there is change, and the community is subject to the pressures of natural selection at sowing-establishment, during the life of adult plants, and in second and subsequent self-sown generations. Perhaps the most defining characteristics of these plant communities is that they are managed by using "non-selective" techniques such as burning, cutting, and overspraying with herbicides. Selective removal of weeds is a desirable bonus when it can be afforded, but is not the basis of management. Thus far this research has led to the development of sowing/planting mixes for; dry meadows (Hitchmough unpublished), wet meadows (Hitchmough 2000), annual meadows (Dunnett 1999), north American prairie (Hitchmough et al., in press; Hitchmough et al. in press.), and woodland edge-coppice (Dunnett 2000). This work is conducted as bona-fide ecological-horticultural science and is leading to the development of a substantial literature on establishment, management and long term dynamics. DISCUSSION We have amassed considerable understanding of how to create and manage these plant communities, and are beginning to apply this research to real-life public and semipublic landscapes. The question remains however, will landscape professionals or the public desire this type of vegetation? These reservations derive from the fact that this type of vegetation is rather paradoxical, it functions ecologically but is often composed of nonnative species; it is designed for relatively ordered urban landscapes and yet is chaotic


The article author offers his own definition to the term «network» law. He grounds the assumption that formation of a special legal regulation body will become one of the tasks of the network government in the near future. The body to be formed is to be in charge of dealing with the changing economic processes, the processes that are going on in the customs authorities and other processes. The article author describes another function of the body to be formed. It should take into account the changes that occur in the economic environment on the international and domestic level and adjust the economic policy of the state in order to improve the ways the national economy is managed.


For many decades domestic political instability, anti-globalization economic ideologies and geopolitical turmoil prevented the Levant countries from developing closer economic relations. In an unexpected turn of events the AKP government in Turkey initiated proactive diplomacy aimed at the promotion of closer economic ties with Levant countries and these efforts led to a significant increase in trade and investment between the Levant countries between 2002-2010. This progress came to an end with the Arab Spring uprisings in 2011. These uprisings evolved into a violent sectarian war in Syria and caused considerable damage to Turkey's economic and diplomatic relations with Syria and Egypt. The level of sectarian violence has declined significantly in Syria and there is some potential that a political solution can be implemented. This outcome will have a positive effect on the region's prospects for restarting the economic cooperation that was suspended in 2011. The short-term prospects for a multi-lateral economic agreement are not high but an expansion of bilateral economic relations is more likely among the countries that enjoy more political and economic stability.


The accuracy of highway asset value is increasingly important , the paper analysis the problems aiming at the existing highway assets appraisal,which classify all kinds of highway asset, and choose the suitable method . Especially to the evaluation of highway assets which not suitable to the old methods,taking the highway assets which need extension as an example, this paper use the hypothetical development method evaluate its potential value, and analysis the principle, apply the calculation steps, process and summarize the data which is the most important information throughout the entire paper.


This paper stresses the potential of innovative business cooperation networks in promoting regional competitiveness. It is based on the case study of a cooperation network, named "House of the Future", carried out in the framework of a project where the University of Aveiro has an important role. It suggests success factors in the development of co-operation networks between firms from various sectors and a university. The aim of the "House of the Future" initiative is to promote an innovative approach to inter-organizational cooperation joining together firms from a number of different industrial activities related with the habitat meta-sector. This collaborative effort can function as an experiment for the design of regional innovation policies.


While a sensor's manufacturing yield is high it may be very sensitive to variations in environmental conditions, e.g. temperature. Such sensitivity may cause the sensor to have low operating performance. This paper presents analytical modelling expressions to estimate the sensitivity of a waveguide-based sensor - with a particular emphasis on biosensors - to parameter fluctuations as well as the upper limit of parameter fluctuations that maintains a normal functional behaviour, independent of simulation.


OBJECTIVE
To provide practical norms for measuring depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) in Brazil using a state-of-art psychometrics analysis.

METHODS
We used a large and representative Brazilian dataset from the 'Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - 2019'(PNS-2019), which includes 90,846 Brazilian citizens. First, to assess the scale structure, we assessed the unidimensional model using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Second, we used Item Response Theory (IRT) to characterize depressive symptoms´ distribution. Then, we linked summed- and meanbased PHQ-9 scores with the IRT-based score by using generalized additive models. Finally, we generated percentiles, T scores, and a newly developed score, called D scores (decimal scores), to describe the PHQ-9 norms for Brazilian population.

RESULTS
CFA revealed a good fit to the unidimensional model, showing to be invariant to age and sex. IRT captured item-level information of the latent trait (reliable from 1 to 3 standard deviations above the mean). Brazilian norms were presented using summed-, T-scores, and D-scores.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to define Brazilian´s norms for the PHQ-9 among a large representative sample, using robust psychometric tools. More precise PHQ-9 scores are now available and may be widely used in primary and specialized clinical care settings.


civil servants as employees of a massive and expanding state apparatus made it impossible for them to take up a position "at a healthy distance from the emerging society around them" (p. 9). Not content simply to turn Hegel on his head, Caplan also shows that the civil servants' disputes with the state over the mundane details of salary scales, tenure and promotion reflected the civil service's desire for a unique (and problematic) position as a social and political elite. Weimar dealt the civil service some major blows, which included salary reforms, government reductions of personnel in response to the inflation (the Personalabbauverordnung), and, above all, the savage deflationary cuts ordered by Briining during the Depression. The Nazi movement promised a "renaissance of the civil service and a refoundation of the relationship between state and community" (p. 92). But, after 1933, the civil service found itself, as the Prussian aristocrat, career civil servant and Nazi supporter, FritzDietlof Graf von der Schulenberg complained, "in a crisis that it is consuming its very substance—something that even the System (Weimar) was unable to destroy" (p. 322). In the Third Reich, civil servants were in fact unable to defend their historical claim to a monopoly of the "means of administration." Lacking an independent base of political power, the civil service was eventually "deprived of access to the means of its own reproduction as a political and social elite" (p. 327) by the rapidly proliferating new centers of power in the Third Reich—the DAF, the PO, the SS—as well as the foundations of the new state, such as the propaganda and aviation ministries.


A powerful technique to study biomolecules and their complexation is pulsed IR-laser induced, liquid beam desorption mass spectrometry. The goal is to transfer biomolecules from their natural envi-ronment softly into the gas phase and analyze (weigh) them with high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Unfortunately, the evaporation of ionic aggregates of biomolecules from water solution is very difficult due to the large solvation energy and, in general, hot water destroys the biomolecules. Nevertheless, if the process is fast enough charged biomolecules can be desorbed without fragmentation and detected. This can be accomplished by using IR-laser pulses for very rapid heating of a liquid jet containing the biomolecules which causes its disintegration (explosion). However, due to the small liquid jet diameter of 12-15 μm, its high speed of 50-100 m/s, short IR-laser pulses of 8-10 ns and total event duration of a few microseconds only, the microscopic visualization of the jet disintegration was a challenging task. Using a high-speed stroboscopic system running in the back illumination mode high quality video sequences could be recorded. A slow-motion effect has been achieved by sweep of time delay between the pulses of the desorption laser, the light pulse and the camera shutter opening.


This study evaluated in several ways the concurrent and discriminant validity of measuring self-concept organization via Hierarchical Classes (HICLAS) analysis of interview-derived self-descriptions. College students (N = 85) listed and then described using their own words various self-aspects, and they completed standardized measures of depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and verbal ability. As expected, self-views were multifaceted and hierarchically organized. The proportion of negative self-descriptors provided was positively correlated with depressive symptoms and negatively correlated with self-esteem. Positive and negative self-descriptors were compartmentalized across self-aspects. These results supported the concurrent validity of the information yielded by HICLAS analysis. Supporting the discriminant validity of the method, indices of the elaboration of the self-concept were not correlated with depressive symptoms. No HICLAS variables were significantly confounded by individual differences in verb...


A phase 1 and 2 clinical trial of an experimental vaccine against the viral disease c h i k u ng u nya h a s b e g u n e n r o l l i ng a planned 180 healthy adult volunteers aged 18 to 45 years with funding by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). The vaccine, known as MV-CHIKV, is a recombinant live-attenuated measles vaccine virus expressing chikungunya proteins that induce antibody production. Chikungunya, which is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, was originally confined to East Africa, but has since spread to Asia, Europe, and the Western Hemisphere, and is estimated to have infected more than 2 million people in the Americas, according to the Pan American Health Organization. Chikungunya infection is seldom fatal, but causes severe joint pain, as well as fever, rash, fatigue, and muscle soreness. There is no treatment. Re c r u i t m e n t fo r t h e t r i a l i s p r o ceeding at 3 US sites, Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Emory University in Atlanta, and the University of Iowa College of Medicine in Iowa City. An earlier phase 1 trial of MV-CHIKV in Austria, conducted by the vaccine's manufacturer Themis Bioscience, showed the vaccine to be safe and immunogenic. The company is now conducting its own phase 2 trial. Anthony S. Fauci, MD, NIAID director, said the debilitating joint pain "can last for months or even longer," noting that "a vaccine to prevent infection would be of considerable benefit to people living in the more than 60 countries where chikungunya transmission has occurred, as well as travelers to those countries." The NIAID is also funding a phase 2 trial of another chikungunya vaccine that uses v i r u sl i ke p a r t i c l e s i n st e a d o f l i ve attenuated virus to induce a response.


Introduction In many countries, including the UK, the "importance of design" is being cited with increasing frequency in the context of industrial activity and of national and international economic performance. Previously, concern about design among economists, industrialists and politicians had been dormant, since interest in the design aspects of manufactured goods reached a peak during the second half of the last century. In recent years, many governments have been preoccupied with the exploitation of technological innovation as a means of achieving marketing eminence and economic success. Similarly, much time and effort has been focused on improving manufacturing capability, restructuring working practices, protecting (or deregulating) markets, and developing new financial structures. At the level of the firm, these attitudes and approaches have been closely mirrored; it is only in the last year or two that it has become common for companies to make explicit reference to design. Phrases such as "better by design" and "design for living" give an indication of what may be a new emphasis in some companies. Whilst a few companies have paid consistent attention to design in the past — not only of the product or service, but of the environment as well — the majority have not. This is particularly marked in the UK and is closely reflected by the structures of senior management that are found in companies. Boardrooms are manned by directors of finance, marketing and operations; there is a universal absence of professional concern for the management and use of design resources.


In cosmological first-order phase transitions, the progress of true-vacuum bubbles is expected to be significantly retarded by the interaction between the bubble wall and the hot plasma. We examine the evolution and collision of slow-moving true-vacuum bubbles. Our lattice simulations indicate that phase oscillations, predicted and observed in systems with a local symmetry and with a global symmetry where the bubbles move at speeds less than the speed of light, do not occur inside collisions of slow-moving local-symmetry bubbles. We observe almost instantaneous phase equilibration which would lead to a decrease in the expected initial defect density, or possibly prevent defects from forming at all. We illustrate our findings with an example of defect formation suppressed in slow-moving bubbles. Slow-moving bubble walls also prevent the formation of `extra defects', and in the presence of plasma conductivity may lead to an increase in the magnitude of any primordial magnetic field formed.