The design of today's precision devices and machine tools has to address the effect of thermal errors, i.e. the undesired displacements and/or displacement differences due to temperature fluctuations. Consequently, design optimization is often applied to meet demands on position accuracy and speed. However, optimizing a thermo-mechanical system can be computationally expensive due to the transient nature of the problem. To decrease the computational time, model reduction techniques can be used. This paper presents a tool for design and optimization of linear transient problems using relevance-based modal basis.


In this paper, I attempt to reconcile two different theoretical approaches to the philosophy of fiction, namely, the theory of abstract objects (hereafter 'object theory') and pretense theory. I think that the seminal insights of both theories are, for the most part, consistent with one another. To make this idea plausible, I spend a large part of what follows both correlating the basic notions of pretense theory with those of object theory and showing how pretense-theoretic notions can be systematized within the framework of object theory. At the end of the paper, I consider a point of apparent inconsistency between the two theories. This concerns the question, do names such as 'Zeus' and 'King Lear' denote objects? Object theorists believe they do, while pretense theorists think not. However, there is a way to reconcile these opposing answers to some extent, namely, by showing that the formalism of object theory has an interpretation on which fictional objects become entities that a pretense theorist already ∗This paper was published in Empty Names, Fiction, and the Puzzles of NonExistence, A. Everett and T. Hofweber (eds.), Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2000, pp. 117–147. †I am indebted to John Perry and the Center for the Study of Language and Information for supporting my research. I'd also like to thank Fred Kroon and Mark Balaguer, who offered insightful and useful comments on the manuscript. Finally, I'd like to thank the participants of the Stanford Workshop on 'Empty Names' for the interesting questions after the paper was delivered, many of which led to numerous improvements. 1The principal development of object theory occurs in Zalta [1983] and [1988]. 2The principal development of pretense theory occurs in Walton [1990]. Edward N. Zalta 2


Cardiovascular diseases morbidity and mortality rate is higher in patients with rheumatic disorders than patients with non-rheumatic disorders [1,2,4]. This point is important and importance that must be paid attention certainly. Immunosuppressive treatment for rheumatic diseases with cardiac involvements can prevent from developing cardiovascular involvement especially ischemic heart disease.Also it can reduce morbidity and mortality of these patients [3,5-7].


Classical Csiszar-Kullback inequalities bound the L1-distance of two probability densities in terms of their relative (convex) entropies. Here we generalize such inequalities to not necessarily normalized and possibly non-positive L1 functions. Also, we analyse the optimality of the derived Csiszar-Kullback type inequalities and show that they are in many important cases significantly sharper than the classical ones (in terms of the functional dependence of the L1 bound on the relative entropy). Moreover our construction of these bounds is rather elementary.


1. Special Judge Plans: District 7 is made up exclusively of the Allen Circuit Court and the Allen Superior Court, which is further made up of Civil, Criminal and Family Relations Divisions. The Allen County special judge plan (civil) is codified in Local Rules of the Allen Superior and Circuit Court: Rule LR02-TR79-23 Selection of a Special Judge Pursuant to TR 79(H), as amended from time to time.


They've been called "Generation Y," the "Millenials," the "Nintendo Generation," and most recently the "Nexters." The generation of children born between 1976 and 1994, are entering our classrooms in colleges of pharmacy, and beginning to practice within the profession. For the most part, they are children who grew up with hectic schedules filled with scouting, baseball, piano lessons, and dance classes. They are accustomed to fast-food dinners and weekend soccer tournaments. They are the children of "helicopter parents," a term coined because of the parent's hovering approach to parenting. The Nexters chat online while listening to music on their iPods, and expertly search the Internet for answers to a history question that they can not find in a textbook. They have a personal tutor, but he lives in India and they can access him anytime of the day or night through e-mail.

As educators, it is our job to prepare curricula that meet their needs and to provide experiences that help with their entrance into the workforce. In order to predict their needs, we first have to assess their special skills and abilities, and then address their deficiencies. In the book Generations at Work, the strongest asset of the Nexters is defined as their resilience.1 They are characterized as optimistic, tenacious, hard-working, and civic-minded. They are technologically savvy and they easily adapt to change. On the flip side, previous generations sometimes describe them as self-absorbed, unable to entertain themselves, and not tough enough to handle the workplace.1

The first question for our colleges is how to recruit into our programs the best students from this generation. Our recruitment strategies should focus on a team-based approach to learning, technologically rich curricula, and opportunities for feedback and evaluation. Innovative colleges should consider recruitment strategies that include parents, as this generation not only listens to their parents, but actually considers them to be "cool."1 These students are also looking for experiences that provide them with opportunities to serve, and to see other parts of the world. They may also have a few liabilities that they bring into the workplace. They may be impatient, expecting to find answers quickly at their fingertips. In a customer environment, they may be easily intimidated by difficult customers since Nexters have experienced mostly cooperative relationships with parents and teachers.1 As a generation that was pampered and nurtured as children, they may be unprepared for environments that do not provide a lot of positive reinforcement.

As we design curricula, it is important to consider the framework of these learners. They have been exposed to multimedia entertainment since the time they could hold a controller. They expect to be entertained as they learn. To hold their attention, we may need to consider having traditional lectures comprise a smaller part of the overall curriculum. Active-learning experiences, such as role playing, do not intimidate these learners and may help them improve their communication skills in negotiation, mediation, counseling, and consoling.

If we recruit these graduates into our academies, we should also be aware of a number of factors. They prefer flexible hours over many other benefits and expect competitive salaries based on market trends. They do not require a lot of supervision, like working as part of a team, and although respectful of authority, would not stay at a place where they sensed they were being micro-managed.2

The Nexters are better educated, more accepting of multiculturalism, and more civic-minded than their predecessors. They bring enthusiasm and high expectations to the classroom. Since today's pharmacy faculty members are members of the Baby Boomer generation and Generation X, we must stay mindful of the next generation's learning styles, values, and goals in order to best prepare them for careers in pharmacy.


It is widely accepted, that the planetary magnetic fields are powered by a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo-process. So far theoretical studies and numerical simulations have mostly assumed that the flow generating the dynamo-process is driven by buoyancy forces. But also precession can drive a dynamo, as first suggested by Bullard in 1949. A precession-driven laminar flow is mainly toroidal and cannot maintain a dynamo. However, experimental and numerical studies show that these basic flows are unstable and several kind of wave-like instabilities are generated. Therefore precession can also be regarded as a viable driving-mechanism of a core flow generating the planetary magnetic fields. We have used a spherical, finite-volume code, already used for the simulation of convection-driven dynamos and mantle convection, to solve the equations of a precession-driven dynamo in a spherical shell. Furthermore the non-sphericity of the planetary bodies trigger some crucial instabilities. However, up to now there is only one available full MHD study of precessing spheroids. These preliminary results for a full spheroid showed that topographic coupling offers more favourable conditions than viscous coupling for the generation of a sizeable dipole component of the magnetic field. We shall discuss how the ellipticity of the planets can be included in numerical simulations by the use of a non-orthogonal grid. We will present some first results of MHD calculations with parameters similar to known dynamo solutions but with no-slip instead of stress-free boundary conditions to clarify the influence of boundary layers on the dynamo process.


Nowadays there are most of single case on treating malignancy by Wen yang method of TCM,but many academicians have disputed on that,so this paper reviewed the researh of clinic and experiment about treating cancer by Wen yang method and herbs,aiming to clarify the significance of wen yang method.


The discovery of prostacyclin and its endothelial origin established the idea of endothelium-derived vasoactive eicosanoids and led to the realization that endothelial cells were a source of autacoids that regulate vascular tone.1 2 In 1980, Furchgott and Zawadzki3 described endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and presented evidence that EDRF was a lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. Subsequent research indicated that EDRF was nitric oxide.4 Several laboratories have described an endothelium-derived vasodilating factor that is distinct from nitric oxide or prostacyclin.5 6 7 8 9 10 These laboratories reported that acetylcholine caused endothelium-dependent relaxation and hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle. The relaxations and hyperpolarizations were not altered by arginine analogs that inhibit nitric oxide synthase or inhibitors of cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenases. They were blocked by inhibitors of calcium-activated potassium channels such as tetraethylammonium or charybdotoxin but not by inhibitors of ATP-sensitive potassium channels such as glibenclamide. Subsequent studies indicated that this factor was released by other agonists including bradykinin and substance P. It was concluded that this vasodilating factor acts by opening calcium-activated potassium channels and hyperpolarizing the smooth muscle membrane. This factor has been termed endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor or EDHF.

The article by Thollon and coworkers11 in this issue of Circulation Research further emphasizes the importance of EDHF in normal coronary arteries and arteries with regenerated endothelium. Several important insights are provided into the action and nature of EDHF by this work. First, this study demonstrates the importance of measuring membrane potential in defining the contribution of EDHF to the action of agonists. Hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle unequivocally defines EDHF activity. Second, the study indicates the importance of the resting membrane potential of the smooth muscle on the magnitude of the response to EDHF. Removal of the endothelial lining of porcine coronary arteries results in …


Analytical expressions for the non-linear drift wave profiles in a collisionless anisotropic plasma were obtained in Ref. [1]. Solutions were derived both for the periodic structure of drift waves and solitary waves (solitons). The authors could also demonstrate that the nature of a wave (compression, rarefaction) is totally governed by r\= d(lnT)/d(lnn) and the form of the distribution function. At the same time, the authors of Ref. [1] make a conclusion about the stability of the solutions obtained which seems to follow from nowhere. The main task of this paper is to demonstrate that the solutions obtained in Ref. [1] are actually unstable. It is found out that the instability is a "decaying" one; the condition of the instability and the growth rates of unstable oscillations are specified. As in Ref. [ l ] , we assume that the static magnetic field B*o is directed along the z-axis, whereas the equilibrium gradients are directed along the x-axis. Choosing the electric field potential to be <p(?;x), with ? = z + /3y ut (vTi <J£ u « vTe is the propagation velocity of drift waves (DW), vTd the thermal velocity of the particles of sort a), one readily finds (see Eq. (6) of Ref. [1]):


Although lignin is the most abundant natural phenolic polymer, its phenol activity is extremely low. Because most phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin precursors were etherified in the biosynthetic process. In the present work, successive cleavage of ether linkages of lignin was carried out The first step is the phase-separation process composed of phenols and concentrated acid. In the process, native lignin was modified by phenol derivatives to selectively grafted benzyl position, the most reactive sites, to give1,1-Bis(aryl) propane type lignin-based recyclable polymer (lignophenol) that has the original interunit linkage of lignin and have high phenolic content. The second step is cleavage of cp aryl ether linkages by switching functions of lignophenol under the mild alkaline condition. The reaction mechanism was confirmed that with Ca phenolic nuclei (switching devise) having an OH ortho to the linking position with lignin, the phenoxy anions readily nucleophilically attack cp, so that Cp aryl ether linkages were cleaved. The third step is demethylation of the aromatic methoxyl groups. Demethylation of methoxyl group in lignophenol depolymerized products was carried out using boron tribromide. The methoxyl group of guaiacyl aryl coumaran was effectively demethylated to give catechol type aryl coumaran dimmer.


The Erasmus Student Network is the largest student and alumni organisation supporting international and exchange students all over Europe. Our more than 500 local associations are connected with more than 1000 Higher Education Institutions active in Erasmus+, and our presence in 41 countries gives a broad perspective of the reality of young people in both EU Member States and countries in the Western Balkans and Eastern Partnership. Our Network has around 15,000 active members and even more "buddies", who are mainly taking care of international students. Thus, ESN involves around 40,000 young people offering its services to around 350,000 international students every year.


and tends to lead to treatment with neuro-leptic medication which results in an iatrogenicmorbidity frompoormedicationcompliance, rele-gation to low intensity supportive therapy,neurologic complications from long-term neuro-leptic treatment, high rehospitalization rates, anddiscomfort from the side effects of neuroleptic


SUMMARY: The article by Andryi Portnov is devoted to the public usage of history in politics writ large, and the politics of identity in present-day Ukraine. The author explores the historical transformations since the perestroika period to the presidential term of Viktor Yushchenko. The article includes the analysis of the usages of historical memory in political mobilization and legitimation of the post-Soviet Ukrainian state, as well as the division of selectively used memory along the lines of political division of Ukrainian society. Portnov notes that the case of Ukraine stopped far short of the restorationist paradigm of some other post-Soviet states, like the Baltic states, though the multifaceted history of independence, the Orthodox Church in Ukraine, Soviet time repressions, mass famine and World War II collaboration were used to provide a different constitutive frame for the new Ukrainian state- and nationhood. The author argues that the politics of identity (which includes the production of history textbooks and the authorization of commemorative practices) remains fragmented and tailored to reflect the ideological anxieties and concerns of individual regions of present day Ukraine. This provides a partial exploration of the fact that history, though widely used in different forms of identity politics, is not brought into the court or other legal processes.


In this paper, a micro spatial light modulator (SLM) for phase and amplitude modulation of incident light is designed and fabricated using surface micromachining technology. In the fields of adaptive optics and pattern recognition system, SLM is used to modulate the phase and amplitude of incident light in order to correct aberration in an optical system through active control of mirror array. An Al micro SLM, which can modulate phase or amplitude of an incident light simultaneously, is designed and fabricated. In order to maximize the fill factor, a hidden spring structure is used and in order to lower driving voltage, a double crab leg type spring is used.


This paper reports on a field study of language needs in a rather extreme area of contemporary business communication, i.e. between the Dutch-speaking Low Countries and mainland China. Interviews within the Dutch-speaking business community dealing with China, as well as case-study research in Flemish and Dutch small-and-medium-sized enterprises have yielded a model of the business sequence within this particular trade setting. The paper highlights language-specific requirements in each phase of that sequence, drawing attention to the role of written and spoken language, culture, Chinese, English and the translation from one into the other. However, an additional form of discourse has come to the forefront. I will zoom in on this key language, which in simplistic terms is all too frequently labelled as being English, and surmise that it has turned into an asset for business communication rather than a source of misunderstanding. Although this paper is not intended to be normative, it equally commands attention with respect to language situations in the area of business, which supposedly condition didactic issues, by considering varying language and cultural features, discussed in the light of tuition policies.


Depending on the present situation, existing problems, causation, contermeasure about the archives management in enterprises which change the national property, the author discusses how to encourage the management and how to avoid the national fund loss in order to improve the quality of the archives management.


Mead Imaging's unique microencapsulated color imaging system (CYCOLOR) has many applications. Mead Imaging and Hughes have combined CYCOLOR and Fiber Optic Cathode Ray Tubes (FOCRT) to develop digital color printers.


The Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) is the largest power company in Japan. TEPCO decided to construct 1000kV transmission lines in the middle of 1970s and completed the South-North 1000kV transmission line (190km) and the East-West 1000kV transmission line (240km) in 1999. These transmission lines are operating at 500kV now and it is predetermined to raise the voltage level of these transmission lines to 1000kV in the middle of 2010s. The UHV transmission technology used by TEPCO will be presented in six parts. Here, as the introduction to TEPCO's UHV power transmission technology, the design of UHV system, the construction of transmission lines and the field tests of substation equipments are concisely described.


Instead of "proto-ecological cultures",in modern society,there only exist various traditional cuctures.The term "traditional cultures" represent those that had not been impacted by modern culture and keep their original look.To save and sort out the literature of minority traditional cultures,specialized professionals should take the part so that the best result could be achieved.While protecting minority traditional cultures,we should pay special attention to combining the cultural protection with sustainable development to make the minority traditional cultures develop in a great efficiency with the lowest costs.


This paper designs and implements a system which provides interactive data analysis services in cloud. These services allow users to analyze and explore large-scale in-cloud datasets quickly and interactively with a simple graphical user interface by leveraging the distributed computing ability of cloud data computing engine. The system decouples the analysis process and the computing engine. Users can construct the data flow graph in GUI, and review the results that are presented through the visualization tools. The back-end of the system is responsible for converting data flow graphs to the computation jobs that can be executed in cloud clusters. In addition, the system makes full use of the characteristics of overlapping results in the interactive analysis, and avoids repetitive computation through the caching mechanism. As a consequence, with this system, we make it easy and fast to perform interactive exploratory data analysis in cloud without losing flexibility.


Using a unique database over local Chinese securities firm's earnings forecasts and stock recommendations, it is shown that the average forecast error has decreased over time reflecting the maturing of the Chinese securities firms. Affiliated securities firms, defined as securities firms acting as investment banker/underwriter services, provide better earnings forecasts than un-affiliated firms which is contrary to findings from other countries. Also, forecast errors produced by local securities firms and star analysts are smaller. Finally single authored reports have larger forecasts errors than reports with several authors. In general financial markets react to stock recommendations from securities firms, but markets du not react differently to stock recommendations from affiliated and un-affiliated and local and non-local firms despite their superior earnings forecasts. As for affiliated firms, local securities firms provide better forecasts but these are not recognized by the financial markets in their reactions to stock recommendations. On the other hand financial markets react stronger to recommendations from highly ranked securities firms compared to lower ranked firms even though there is no difference in their ability to forecast earnings. Finally financial markets react stronger to stock recommendations by star analysts.


Of al1 Melville's short fiction -the pieces which with a single exception he published between 1853 and 1856 in Putnam's Wonrhly Wagazine and Hurper's New Wonthly Wagazine and five of which were issued as Piazza Tules (1856) together with the purposely written sketch «The Piazzan- none has been the object of keener explicatory attention than Bartleby» (1853) (...)


Background: Bronchiolitis is the most common disease of the lower respiratory tract during the first year of life. Which is usually caused by respiratory syncytial virus. The treatment is usually supportive, so epidemiology, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings might facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of bronchiolitis cases.
Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of children hospitalized due to bronchiolitis.
Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study 143 patients with bronchiolitis were selected who age 1-24 months old who were admitted to the Fallujah teaching hospital for women and children, over the period of 6 months from 1st of October 2018 to 1st of April2019. The patients were selected from large number of cases admitted to Hospital according to bronchiolitis criteria.
Results: A total number of 143 patients were included in this study, 52.4% were male and 47.6% were female. The most common clinical findings were tachypnea, dyspnea, cough, fever, wheeze consecutively. Hyperinflation was the most common radiological study, while lymphocytosis was the most common laboratory finding.
Conclusions: In our study Bronchiolitis was mostly diagnosed in the first 6 months of age, most of patients from urban area, tachypnea was most common sign while hyperinflation was the most common radiological finding and lymphocytosis was most common CBC finding. These data might facilitate early diagnoses and treatment of bronchiolitis cases.


Background: Limbic encephalitis (LE) is a rare autoimmune syndrome affecting limbic system structures and causing variety of manifestations including memory changes, temporal epilepsies, and psychiatric symptoms. It is a rare disease in children but with a well-recognizable combination of clinical, neuroimaging and/or histological signature. Beyond the association with anti-neuronal auto-antibodies, no clear immune system phenotype has been associated with limbic encephalitis. Our aim is to characterize the clinical and paraclinical features of non-paraneoplasic limbic encephalitis and to correlate them with potential underlying immune deficiencies. Methods: Retrospective case series of seven patients with limbic encephalitis recruited at the Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH) with a focus on the immune- and neuro-phenotypes, including anti-neuronal antibodies, lymphocyte sub-typing, key markers of immunoglobulin and complement systems. Literature review showed 77 cases of non-paraneoplastic non-NMDA limbic encephalitis. Results: Symptoms included temporal epilepsy (n=5), psychiatric symptoms such as ADHD or autistic symptoms (n=2), and memory changes (n=3). One patient was positive for both voltage gated potassium channel antibodies (VGKC) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO) and two were positive only for anti TPO antibodies. One patient showed low CD19, and immunoglobulins. Three patients showed chronic low CD56 cell count. Conclusions: The study is still ongoing, but at least 3 patients already display some traits of immune dysregulation.


Desertification leads to decrease in the ecosystem C pool and attendant reduction in Soil Organic Carbon (SOC). Reclamation of sandy land in arid and semi-arid has a high potential to increase carbon sequestration and improving soil quality. Our objective as to examine the changes in the soil carbon sequestration and soil properties of two soil layers (0–20 and 20-50 cm) under two types of reclamation management. Our study was in the desertification control sites in shifting sand land of Kerman province in Iran. In this region Atriplex canescens and Haloxylon ammodendron species have been planted for erosion control. According to the research objectives, were taken 24 samples of soil from each depth (under canopy cover and control sit) whit Systematic – random method. Soil carbon sequestration was determined by Walkley–Black method .The results showed that the reclamation of severe sandy desertified land resulted in significant increases in soil organic carbon (SOC), SOC concentration caused by the planting Haloxylon and Atriplex species, increased by 16.2 and 18.1 ton/ha compared to the control site (shifting sand land) after 20 years. The rate of carbon sequestration in soil in the Atriplex area was more than Haloxylon area. Therefore, it is concluded that A.canescens had better performance in desert rehabilitation project to carbon sequestration in sandy land of Jupar area than H.ammodendron.


Independently of the method of demodulation, the time quantisation of a pulse frequency modulated signal causes an error proportional to the demodulator bandwidth, to the time quantisation interval, and to the ratio of the modulation frequency to the modulation frequency range. The necessity of having a very short quantisation interval leads to a very high effective input sampling rate to a digital demodulator. This high effective sampling rate, together with large time constants needed to demodulate the signal, precludes the use of a conventional digital filter. It is possible, however, to take advantage of the special form of the demodulator input signal to design a computationally efficient state-space filter.


Calderón's comedias de tramoyas present special problems to a modern producer attempting an authentic stage presentation. This article discusses possible answers to questions relating to staging (the theater itself, sets, the length of the performance, funding, etc.), direction, special effects, costumes, hairstyles, and text (cuts, versions, the use of loas and entremeses, etc.). In addition, court plays also require decisions about the music—tessitura, pitch, instrumentation, and orchestration—most of which must rely on conjecture rather than on concrete knowledge of the original. For each problem, it quickly becomes apparent that absolute authenticity is quite impossible. Stated generally, one must simply decide how much and in which ways one is willing to compromise. (MDS)


Objective To discuss the cause and cure methods on induration after augmentation mammoplasty by injecting Polyacrylamide Hydrogel. Methods To summarize 146 cases which have induration after augmentation mammoplasty by injecting Polyacrylamide Hydrogel. We analysed the cause and treated them basing on different condition. Results There were 122 cases to have been a good cure by only once in 146 cases. 24 cases have been cured over two times. Many of all patients have achieved satisfactory effect after cure, massage, phyiotherapy, puncture plasty. Conclusion The main complications taking place are because of false methods or wrong sklls. The induration appears for the material have been irrelevantly confected or the lacuna is bigger. The author think it is a main method that we pump and wash out the material time and again, and we have to reduce the trauma. A great many of patients could get satisfactory effect if they have been treated correctly in time.


African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a bulk feeder of nutrients. In this study, we aimed at devising strategies for efficient nutrient management in the oil palm plantations of the Krishna River basin located in Andhra Pradesh, India by assessing soil fertility status, establishing optimal leaf nutrient concentrations and identifying yield restrictive nutrients. In total, 67 oil palm plantations were surveyed from this area in 2020, soil samples were collected and analysed for different soil properties, including pH, EC, SOC, available P, K, S, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and hot water-soluble boron (HWB) in surface (from 0–20 cm depth), subsurface (from 20–40 cm depth) and deep (from 40–60 cm depth) soil layers. As per DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) indices estimated in this study, the order of requirement of nutrients is Nitrogen (N) > B > K > P > Mg for this area. Optimum leaf nutrient concentrations ranged between 2.07–4.29%, 0.13–0.27%, 0.52–0.94%, 0.44–0.76% and 44.97–102.70 mg/kg for N, P, K, Mg and B, respectively. In surveyed plantations, about 15, 6, 16, 9 and 12 percent of leaf samples had less than optimum concentration of N, P, K, Mg and B respectively. Nitrogen and Boron are the major yield limiting factors in this region. Leaf nutrient concentrations need to be maintained at the optimum ranges as estimated above for higher productivity in the Krishna basin area.


The acid–base and complexing properties of diastereoisomers of phosphonodipeptides containing glycyl, L-alanyl, L-leucyl and L-phenylalanyl and terminal 1-aminoethylphosphonic acid residues were studied pH-metrically at 25 °C and at an ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm–3(KNO3). The protonation and complex-formation stability constants with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ indicate the presence of the same types of complexes and the same tendencies as in the aminomethylphosphonic acid series. In contrast to the common dipeptides, the differences found for diastereoisomers are much higher, probably due to stronger interaction between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the molecule. Crystal structure determinations confirmed the absolute configurations of S,S-PhCH2CH(NH2)-CONHCH(Me)PO3H2 and S,R-PriCH2CH(NH2)CONHCH(Me)PO3H2. The distances and bond angles found show that the peptide bond is not influenced by the phosphonic group.


The sixth edition of this well-established textbook is essential reading for postgraduates studying for the otolaryngology specialty exams, giving all the necessary otological information for otologists in training within a single volume. For the first time the book includes material from an international team of authors, all of whom are acknowledged experts in the field. Every topic has been brought fully up to date with much more detailed information about tinnitus, cochlear implants, diagnostic imaging, secretory otitis media, and Eustachian tube function, amongst other topics. The book also features new material on otoacoustic emissions and bone-anchored hearing aids. Rigorously edited by the distinguished editors Harold Ludman and Anthony Wright, this sixth edition contains approximately 90% new material, including over 450 illustrations of which 45 is presented in colour. The book is published in a larger format and the text displayed in a fresh new design to make this classic reference title and invaluable companion for residents throughout their years of otological training.


Introduction Simulation-based training has come to the forefront of healthcare education, providing immersive, realistic experiences in a safe learning environment associated with but not restricted to, better learning outcomes,1 learners' enhanced skills and knowledge2 and a decrease of clinical errors ultimately improving patient safety.3 In light of these benefits, the already established simulation day run as part of the Trust's clinical induction and patient safety initiative, needed to continue despite the requirement to reduce face-to-face training as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. The training therefore was converted into an online format. Although successfully implemented, the question remains whether the same standard of learning has been obtained in this virtual capacity. Method The online module consisted of four pre-recorded simulated scenarios with a series of questions for delegates to reflect on the clinical practice seen. With the limitations of an online format, the Plus/Delta debrief model was most easily adapted and delegates were asked reflect and submit want went well and what could be done better in the future. The concept and exploration of human factors in healthcare had been introduced within the 'live' virtual induction session. Delegates were instructed to have human factors in mind whilst viewing the clinical scenario and suggest which factors they felt were present. With some scenarios additional specialist information was provided. We plan to evaluate this module by drawing information of delegates who have completed the module from the Trust's e-learning platform and sending a short online survey. To allow a relative degree of opinion but enable data to be analysed with reasonable ease [4], quantitative data will be collected through the Likert Scale. In addition we will gain qualitative results through one open question to gain an insight into delegates' own thoughts and attitudes towards the module. This can give a better understanding of the quantitative data gained. As part of a quality improvement measure, matrons and clinical areas will be encouraged to support colleagues to complete the evaluation if not done so already, to provide as big a sample size as possible. This data will then be directly compared to the evaluations from the face-to-face simulation day. Results At present data is still being collected and we are awaiting all results to form evaluation analysis. Discussion and Conclusion Awaiting results to form conclusion points. Comparison data will be presented at the conference. Reference Cook DA, Hatala R, Brydges R, Zendejas B, Szostek JH, Wang AT, Erwin PJ, Hamstra SJ. Technology-enhanced simulation for health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 2011;306(9);978–88. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21900138/[Accessed:28/08/2020] Nestel J, Groom J, Eikeland-Husebo S, M O'Donnell J, Simulation for Learning and Teaching Procedural Skills; The state of the science. Simulation in Healthcare 2011;6(7).Pages 10–13. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21817857/[Accessed: 28/08/2020] Salas E, Wilson K, Shawn Burke C, Priest H (2005) Using Simulation-Based Training to Improve Patient Safety: What Does It Take? The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, Volume 31, Issue 7, Pages 363–371. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S155372500531049X [Accessed: 28/08/2020] Saul McLeod ( 2019). Likert Scale Definition, Examples and Analysis. Simply Psychology. Available from: https://simplypsychology.org/likert-scale.html [Accessed: 28/08/2020]


The chemical composition of the waste from mamey sapote ( Pouteria sapota ) and its oil extracted from the seed (MSSO) of ripe and unripe fruits, was studied. The MSSO from ripe fruits was dry-fractionated, and the thermal and phase behaviors of its fractions and their mixtures with other known natural fats were analyzed. The main components of the mamey peel and the seed were crude fiber (81.32%) and fat (44.41% db), respectively. The seed oil contained oleic, stearic, palmitic and linoleic as its main fatty acids. The MSSO showed a simple thermal behavior with a broad fusion range and four maximum temperature peaks. The solid fractions showed maximum melting peaks at higher temperatures than the residual liquid. The MSSO solid fractions showed a potential for use as constituents in mixtures with other natural fats, such as cocoa butter or mango seed fat.


The coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycles of ferromagnetic material is derived. It is shown that the Ericsson cycle, using the composite working substance, cannot only possess the condition of perfect regeneration, but also attain to or approach the Carnot coefficient of performance.


This paper studied the relation of jump and sprint performance with 14 sprinters as samples.It found: depth and touchdown time can differentiate the professionals and the amateurs;60m run is most effective to accelerate and achieve the top speed;depth and touchdown work best in improving sprint performance.


Inertial sensors, gyroscopes and accelerometers are widely applied. Inertial navigation systems (INS) usually consist of the inertial measuring unit (IMU) with three mutually perpendicular gyroscopes and accelerometers that represent three input axes to the system and navigation algorithm. Input values for the navigation algorithm are signals of gyroscopes and accelerometers. It is very important to know sources of navigation algorithm errors. One of the sources is a bias instability. A bias instability is a parameter that defines a class of sensors. The class of gyroscopes is defined in deg/h or deg/s and the class of accelerometers is defined in mg or µg. Other parameters defining a random walk of sensors are the angle random walk of gyroscopes and the velocity random walk of accelerometers. Although manufacturers declare these parameters in their data sheets, it is very important to confirm all declared sensor parameters before application. Two methods of angle random walk, velocity random walk and bias instability are presented and discussed with reference to their precision. These two methods are based on the Allan variance and power spectral density (PSD). The analysis was performed on the Analog Devices ADIS 16365 six degree of freedom sensor


Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) was first described by Muir et al. in 1967 and, independently, by Torre et al. one year later in 1968. Muir-Torre Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder that is a phenotypic variant of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) which is also known as Lynch syndrome. It is caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes which results in microsatellite instability. The hallmark features of Muir-Torre syndrome are sebaceous neoplasms of the skin and visceral malignancies with colonic carcinoma being the most common. The association of mismatch repair gene mutations and visceral malignancies warrants an earlier and more frequent evaluation for malignancy.[1][2][3][4]


The design of 3D scene should follow the rules of architecture's organization. At present, the 3D scene design are usually carried out by art designer who lack the knowledge of architecture. A method is proposed in this paper to solve the problem. We improved the interactive genetic algorithm to obtain the best adaptive features, and combined the ART1 network to simulate the behavior of users to evaluate the individuals. This method can solve the problem that manual evaluation operation may cause errors by the user's fatigue during the evaluation process, and it can increase the number of generations to obtain more information. We improved the ART1 net work based on the principle of experimental psychology to simulate the hierarchical structure of human brain's memory mode, and increased the memory capacity and compute efficiency. In this way, we can obtain the more accuracy adaptive values of 3D facade's features and improved the3D architecture facade's evolution process. This method can reduce the tedious work in art design, and effectively guide the design of 3D scene scheme. The disadvantage of this method is that it is not do enough works to deeply explore the relationship between some kinds of implicit aesthetic indexes in aesthetic personality, and lack of successful exploring in establishing a reasonable approximate model to express the implicit aesthetic characteristics. In future we should study more deeply and solve the problems above. This method is suitable for batching optimizing the 3D architecture facade, and has a positive meaning for 3D architectural design, landsape design, 3D game scene design and virtual reality.


When the feed direction of the slides is changed, lost motion ensues in the feed drive system, of NC machine tools. Such lost motion is usually step type and easily compensated for by using the backlash compensation function of NC. However, special cases involve an exponential type lost motion which cannot be compensated for by this method. As a result, machining accuracy of the machine tools is adversely affected. Such lost motion often occurs in large size machine tools with linear ball guides and wiper seals. This paper presents research concerning the generation mechanism and the effective compensation method of the exponential type lost motion by using the existing large size machine tools and the teststands.


Becoming the European Green Capital offers an opportunity for Higher Education (HE) institutions to support their cities in releasing the full potential of the Green Capital accolade, however HE's involvement in previous Green Capitals has been limited. The Green Capital: Student Capital project has aimed to change this by putting students at the heart of Bristol's European Green Capital 2015 year, encouraging and facilitating student engagement in a wide range of both curricular and extra-curricular placement and volunteering activities with a Green Capital focus.

The University of the West of England, Bristol (UWE) and the University of Bristol – with their respective Students' Unions – have been working in partnership with the city and local communities, using Higher Education Funding Council for England Catalyst funding to promote student involvement in Green Capital activities across Greater Bristol.

Student Capital created a broad programme of citywide impact during European Green Capital. It delivered a programme of student and staff engagement in enhancing sustainability within the city and has developed student and staff engagement with sustainability action. Through action research approaches it is also providing lessons for how institutions can collaborate across cities and communities to have internal and external impacts for sustainability.

The project has been uniquely timed to explore this in the context of Bristol Green Capital 2015, the first UK city to achieve this designation, and in which the two Universities have already been instrumental in developing and sustaining the Bristol Green Capital Partnership of over 850 organisations.

Students in Bristol have given 128,049 hours of their time to engaging with local organisations and tackling issues of sustainability in the city and wider region. This equates to 75.2 years' worth of work provided to date, and an economic contribution of £1,264,4251.

The Student Capital project has been instrumental in engaging over 7,500 students in the Green Capital year.

The Student Capital project has celebrated and rewarded the efforts of students through the new Change Maker award. This award is given to students that have given both their time and effort to tackling the sustainability challenges we face. There is also the Gold Change Maker award, which is given to those students who have made an outstanding contribution.

In addition to the dissemination activities described above, the Student Capital was also a finalist for the national 2015 Green Gown Awards in the Student Engagement category, based on only the first six months of the project. The competition judges commended the Student Capital project as: "A well-designed project of impressive scale and addressing vital issues of employability skills and the contribution of students to the city". Student Capital has been shortlisted as a finalist in the upcoming 2016 Green Gown Awards, and a copy of the Stage 1 award application is included in Appendix A of this document.

Student Capital has generated significant academic output about student sustainability engagement which demonstrates the value of involving Higher Education institutions in tackling the key challenges we face in society today. This knowledge base will be made available via the links on Skills Bridge and the Universities' research repositories, providing a flexible and up-to-date.

The Student Capital project has created Skills Bridge as a legacy for the ongoing partnership between students, the Universities, and organisations across the city and the region.


Aim: To determine percentage increase in mean amniotic fluid index in pregnant women after intravenous maternal hydration in 3 rd trimester oligohydramnios. Methodology: One fifty six women with third trimester oligohydramnios (AFI <5cm) were prospectively recruited for this study. Study inclusion criteria were gestational age from 28wks to 40wks(determined from LMP), singleton pregnancy, Age from 18years to 35years, parity upto gravida 5, Intact membranes, absence of cardiac and renal impairment, absence of preeclampsia, absence of diabetes mellitus, absence of fetal congenital anomalies, absence of significant hemorrhages and acute febrile illness. Maternal amniotic fluid index was determined before and after intravenous hydration by infusing 2 litres of 5% dextrose water in 2 hrs and recorded on predesigned proforma. Results: Maternal hydration increased amniotic fluid volume in cases with oligohydramnios. (Mean change in AFI 2.9cm, 95% confidence interval ; p-value <0.001). The mean percentage increase in AFI was 87%±33.5 Conclusion: Under the condition of this study, maternal intravenous hydration significantly increased the AFV in women with third trimester oligohydramnios which may be beneficial in management of oligohydramnios and continuation of the pregnancy upto term without any complication.


This study investigates the thermal variations of the different land use/cover types in urban Lokoja town retrieved from Landsat TM imagery of 1987. Band 2, 3, 4 and 6 of the imagery were used in the classification, estimation of NDVI, land surface emissivity values, and satellite sensor temperature. The Qin et al's mono window algorithm was employed to obtain the land surface temperatures of the different land use/cover types classified. The results indicate that there is a significant variation in temperatures among the different land use/cover types in Lokoja. The built up area and the vacant area have the highest land surface temperatures of 59.5 o C and 58.5 o C respectively, while vegetation, water bodies and cultivated land have the least with 26.5 o C, 28.5 o C and 34 o C respectively with the urban/suburban temperature difference reaching 29.3 o C This suggests that anthropogenic activity is the major factor responsible for variations in the micro climate and vegetation a regulatory cooling feature of the ecosystem. This novel approach will limit the problems associated with data generated through the in situ measurement.


Durian is one of the abundant seasonal fruits at harvest time. Generally, the part consumed in durian is its salute fruit or its meat. Durian seeds contain 70-80% carbohydrates, but not yet utilized. Carbohydrates can be fermented into lactic acid using Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria. Lactic acid is a raw material for biodegradable plastic/poly lactic acid (PLA). The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of substrate concentration (7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and 17.5%), inoculum concentration (2%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 12%), and yeast extract concentration ( 0 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L, 7.5 g/L and 10 g/L) on the yield and the concentration of lactic acid produced. The research was initialized by making durian seed flour, testing the proximate value of the materials, bacterial inoculation, fermentation of durian seed flour at 37°C, agitation speed of 100 rpm for 72 hours, then the fermentation results were analyzed for lactic acid concentration using UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography). The highest yield and lactic acid concentration at substrate concentration of 15% were 12.51% and 13.75g/L, at inoculum concentration of 2% were 19.44% and 21.3 8g/L, while the highest yield and lactic acid concentration at 10 g/L yeast extract concentration were 21.76% % and 23.92 g/L.


This paper studies the behavior under local misspecication of several tests commonly used in the literature on inference in moment inequality models. We compare across critical values and test statistics and nd two important results. First, we show that condence sets based on subsampling and generalized moment selection (GMS, Andrews


Prevalence measures of labor force activity unambiguously demonstrate inequality across population groups (e.g., education groups), but they cannot reveal the underlying stochastic processes generating inequality. In this article, the authors develop explicit life cycle measures of inequality that summarize the divergent stochastic processes defining group differences in labor force behavior. They focus specifically on educational differences in individuals' work and retirement experiences over the latter part of the career cycle. Their analytic approach is a Markov-based multistate life table, directly extending Clogg's life table model of labor force inequality. Analyses are based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, 1966-1983. The authors' approach demonstrates how prevalence measures of inequality as well as measures of life cycle inequality are generated by the underlying stochastic processes. Comparisons of the life cycle measures and prevalence measures illustrate the potentially divergent pictures of labor force inequality conveyed by the alternative measures.


The invention discloses a chlorosulfonated polyethylene automobile synchronous belt and a manufacturing method thereof. The synchronous belt is formed by forming, vulcanizing, grinding and cutting a mixed knitting adhesive tape layer, a glass thread reinforcing layer and a chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber layer, wherein the chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber layer comprises, by mass, 100 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, 1.0-2.5 parts of N,N'phenylene bismaleimide, 4.0-12.0 parts of high-activity magnesium oxide, 0.5-1.8 parts of stearic acid, 2.0-5.0 parts of dicumyl peroxide, 40-60 parts of N550 carbon black, 0.5-2.0 parts of Diisobutylthiuram disulfide, 8.0-14.0 parts of 810 ester and 0.5-1.5 parts of xanthogenate. The synchronous belt has the advantages of being simple in manufacturing process, low in product cost, high in cost performance, environmentally friendly and long in service life.


The Dinaric karst, which the analysed karst area in Croatia belongs to, spreads parallel to the coast of Adriatic Sea along the zone 50 to 150 km wide and 700 km long and comprises the following countries: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Monte Negro. For making general conclusions on the water runoff from karst basin areas in Croatia, the data from in total 80 hydrological stations working during the period from 1951 to 1995 and distributed along the basin area of about 17, 000 km2 were analysed. Due to the high values of the intensity of maximal precipitations, the maximal discharges in Croatian karst in the basin areas with no underground retention areas can be very high. On the other hand, large underground retentions in the background of particular karst springs reduce maximal discharges - the peak of hydrographs - to a large extent and significantly elongate the hydrographs of flood waves. Graphically presented relation of maximal registered specific inflows and influent basin areas indicates great dissipation of the pairs of input values, but also high values of the upper envelope curve. Particular characteristic parameters of maximal annual discharges have strong interrelations but the dissipations of input data around the relations derived are regularly high. Better relations between maximal registered specific inflows and influent basin areas can be achieved by more specific regionalisation by particular basin areas. The relation mentioned is particularly interesting in the basin area of the river Cetina (where the dam and accumulation Perua a are situated), in which the decrease of the influence of karst underground on the data of floods in downstream stations compared to those of upstream stations can be well observed.


Abstract In the years immediately preceding and following the new millennium, Illinois academic librarians have launched exciting new ventures to enhance and strengthen the vitality and influence of libraries in the state. As catalysts for cooperation, these librarians have displayed creativity, collegiality, and leadership in forming alliances. This article describes the recent cooperative activities of four Illinois academic consortia and posits that their most recent initiative, an academic library council, has implications for libraries of all types, as well as libraries in other states.


John and Beatrice Whiting both served as society presidents in the early years of the Society for Psychological Anthropology. John was the first president of the society, serving from 1978 to 1980; while Beatrice held the post in 1983.


Solving the problem of integrating several independent systems to work intelligently and autonomously together has been an important task for an area called System of Systems (SoS). Currently there are initiatives in large-scale systems utilizing a SoS approach, such as Internet and Ballistic Missile Defense systems. In this work, a smaller, yet complex human tracking task by a mobile robot in a dynamic outdoor environment has been achieved by utilizing a SoS design approach. The detection of moving humans is performed using statistical background modeling and foreground detection on sequential images provided by a single fixed security camera in an outdoor location. The robot control is achieved through established communication formatted as XML messages containing positional data of a moving human target. A real world application of such a SoS architecture includes border thread detection, where humans crossing the border illegally can be tracked by autonomous border protection vehicles.


When conserving or protecting rare or endangered species, current general guidelines for reducing light pollution might not suffice to ensure long-term threatened species' survival. Many protected areas are exposed to artificial light at levels with the potential to induce ecological impacts with unknown implications for the ecosystems they are designated to protect. Consequently, it is recommended that precautionary methods for the avoidance and mitigation of light pollution in protected areas be integrated into their management plans. This paper's aims are to present an overview of best practices in precautionary methods to avoid and mitigate light pollution in protected areas and to identify and discuss what ecosystems should be considered light-sensitive and how to prioritise species and habitats that need protection from artificial light, including examples of legislation covering ecological light pollution in the European Union and in Sweden. The important aspects to include when considering light pollution at a landscape level are listed, and a proposal for prioritisation among species and habitats is suggested. Sensitive and conservation areas and important habitats for particularly vulnerable species could be prioritised for measures to minimise artificial lighting's negative effects on biodiversity. This may be done by classifying protected natural environments into different zones and applying more constrained principles to limit lighting. The light pollution sensitivity of various environments and ecosystems suggests that different mitigation strategies and adaptations should be used depending on landscape characteristics, species sensitivity and other factors that may determine whether artificial light may be detrimental. Issues of the currently used measurement methods for artificial light at night are reviewed. We also propose and discuss the principles and benefits of using standardized measurement methods and appropriate instrumentation for field measurements of artificial light concerning the environmental impact of light pollution.


The investigation was focused on characterising the microstructure in self-compacting and conventional bridge concretes using SEM-EDS, image analysing and light microscopy techniques. Special attention was drawn to the characterisation of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), its structure, chemical composition and phase distribution. The study indicates that the porosity of the ITZ and the bulk paste is reduced in self-compacting bridge concretes compared with conventional vibrated bridge concretes, although the oncretes had the same W/C ratio (0.40), type of cement and aggregate. The self-compacting concretes contained high amounts of limestone fillers, efficient superplasticizers and were produced without any vibration. The lack of vibration and the stable particle slurry reduced the risk of water separation (microbleeding) and thus decreased the porosity of the ITZ. It was also found that the microchemistry of the ITZ is somewhat different in self-compacting than in conventional bridge concrete. The sulfur contents in hydrous material rich C-S-H and especially in hydrous material of intermixed nature were generally higher in conventional concrete, indicating mixture with sulfur bearing phases such as monosulfate. Higher amounts of sulfur were also detected in elongated crystal phases in the vicinity of the ITZ in the conventional concrete, growing near its more porous and loosley packed aggregate interfacial zone. The interfacial calcium hydroxide layer was generally thinner in self-compacting concrete. Small to medium sized empty and half-empty cement grains, hollow-shells/ Hadley grains, was dominating the porosity of the bulk paste in self-compacting concretes, although the overall porosity was lower than in conventional concretes. The hollow-shell pores was also much more evenly distributed between the bulk paste and the ITZ in self-compacting concretes, while a higher amount of these pores existed in the ITZ in concventional concretes. The amount of large (> 20 μm) unreacted cement grains in the bulk paste was higher in self-compacting concrete. Measurements showed improved properties such as higher strength, lower gas- and cloride diffusion rates in the self-compacting concretes.


A unique code (called Hensel's code) is derived for a rational number by truncating its infinite p-adic expansion. The four basic arithmetic algorithms for these codes are described and their application to rational matrix computations is demonstrated by solving a system of linear equations exactly, using the Gaussian elimination procedure.


A bill recovery mechanism comprises a frame with an outlet (A), a bill tray (1) having a first door (11) and a second door (12) arranged oppositely each other, for accepting and guiding bills to the outlet (A), and a dual-door driving assembly (2) for driving the first door (11) and the second door (12) to be opened or closed, wherein the first door (11) and the second door (12) are opened pivotally and pivoted into a storage space thereunder when the bills are recovered. According to the bill recovery mechanism, the bills can be able to drop into the storage space directly when the first door (11) and the second door (12) are opened, so as to improve the speed of bill recovery.


Our interest in the analysis of method comparison studies stemmed from discussions about consulting problems we were independently working on in the late 1970s. Examination of published papers showed that, at that time, most authors were using the Pearson correlation coefficient. It was obvious to us that this method did not assess agreement, but association, and that a high correlation was no guarantee of good agreement.

We felt that a comparison of two methods of measurement, such as different assays, should attempt to quantify the differences and that P values were largely irrelevant. The question is not whether the two methods agree, but how closely they agree. Our statistical approach was based on investigation of the distribution of the between-method differences. We suggested summarizing the data by the mean and 95% range of the differences, which we called the 95% limits of agreement. The graph, which many think is the whole of our method, was …


This text has done the discussion to the appl ic ation in the air-condition system of center of fuzzy control technology, and in troduced DDC's controller soft and the hardware design method, and detailedly ex pounded bluring-the application in room temperature control of PID's con trol algorithm.


Each year, more nurses arrive in the United States and begin enrolling in U.S. nursing schools or begin work in hospitals. "English for Nursing, Academic Skills", is designed to prepare non-native speakers of English for the language-related skills and tasks and the cultural content necessary for success in associate and baccalaureate degree nursing programs in the United States. A follow-up book will focus on clinical skills for nurses already working in hospitals.It contains English and academic skills for tomorrow's nurses.


Application of polymer waveguide microring resonators for high-frequency ultrasound detection is presented. The device consists of a microring optical resonator coupled to a straight optical waveguide which serves as input and output ports. Acoustic waves irradiating the ring waveguide induce strain modifying the waveguide cross section. As a consequence, the effective refractive index of optical waves propagating along the ring is modified. The sharp wavelength dependence of the high Q-factor resonator enhances the optical response to acoustic strain. High sensitivity is demonstrated experimentally in detecting broadband ultrasound pulses from a 10MHz transducer. Methods of extending the technique to form multi-element ultrasonic arrays for imaging applications are proposed.


The objectives of this study are to quantitatively analyse the influence of education, economy and religious domains on enhancing ethnic unity among youth in Malaysia with reference to university students. It involved a survey of 373 students from two Malaysian public universities, namely Universiti Malaya and the National Defence University of Malaysia. The obtained data are subjected to descriptive analysis as well as structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis. The results show all these three domains are significant in strengthening ethnic unity, and the findings of this study could contribute to the current efforts by the government in the areas of the educational system, economic policies, and religious tolerance so that a more effective approach could be introduced.


Objective To evaluate the value of reconstruction of multi-slice CT in the diagnosis of odontoid process fracture. Methods CT imaging of 43 patients with odontoid process fracture were analysed , and then three-dimentional reconstruction were made. Results The patients were classified into 3 types according to the part of fracture. Type Ⅰ was shown in 1 case, type Ⅱ was in 28 cases and type Ⅲ was in the other 14 cases. Odontoid were displaced posteriorly and anteriorly in 17 and 13 cases, and there were no displacement in 13 cases. Conclusion Three-dimentional reconstruction of multi-slice CT has great value in the diagnostic parting and treating plan of odontoid process fracture.


The electrochemical reductive cleavage of the C-O bond in the lignin α-O-4 model compound benzyl phenyl ether (BPE) at room temperature was investigated using earth-abundant nickel as a catalyst in...


Impeaching the testimony of criminal defendants through the use of their prior convictions is a practice that is triply flawed: it relies on assumptions belied by data; it has devastating impacts on individual trials; and it contributes to many of the criminal justice system's most urgent dysfunctions. Yet critiques of the practice are often paired with resignation. Abolition is thought too ambitious, because this practice is widespread, long-standing, and beloved by prosecutors. Widespread does not mean universal, however, and a careful focus on the states that have abolished this practice reveals arguments that overcame prosecutorial resistance and that intervening developments have strengthened. It also reveals decades of courtroom experience, illustrating both the potential and the weaknesses of existing bans on this form of impeachment. Having examined and found wanting the reasons for this practice's ongoing existence, this Article proposes a model statute for states considering abolition.


Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 This is the last in a series of four papers on the Voluntary Guidelines on the Governance of Tenure. This paper addresses the implementation of the Guidelines. The first paper provides an overview of the Guidelines and briefly describes tenure and the need for the Guidelines. The second paper describes the preparation of the Guidelines and the third one describes why the tenure of land, fisheries and forests is the focus of the Guidelines. The inclusive and participatory development process of the Guidelines and the global recognition of the importance of responsible governance of tenure is a key foundation for the implementation of the Guidelines and for any work to improve governance of tenure. Institutions and actors involved in the administration and management of tenure of land, fisheries and forests, as well as those supporting them, are encouraged to make effective use of the Guidelines and engage in collaborative actions. Partnerships and common efforts are key to promote the Guidelines, raise awareness on governance of tenure, develop capacities of a range of stakeholders, facilitate technical implementation in countries and monitor and evaluate activities and latest evolutions in the field of tenure governance. The Guidelines are an engagement towards changing the rules of the game and working towards more transparent and accountable tenure structures and administration. Associated with other activities and frameworks, such as the African Land Policy Initiative, there is a scope for making governance of tenure happen. /* Style Definitions */
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Abstract An instrumented die was used to investigate the behaviour of metal powders during cold (ambienttemperature) and warm (up to 140°C) compaction. This instrument enables simultaneousmeasurement of density, die wall friction coefficient, the triaxial stresses acting on the powderduring the course of compaction and ejection pressure. Commercial iron, titanium, aluminium,316L stainless steel (SS) and aluminium–silicon powders were employed for investigation. Theresults demonstrated the advantages of powder preheating on the compaction behaviour of metalpowders concerning green density, dimensional changes, frictional behaviour, ejectioncharacteristics and compactibility. However, the outlines also determined that the response ofthe non-ferrous powders to powder preheating is somehow different from those of the ferrouspowders. In this context, the behaviour of prealloy aluminium–silicon powders during compactionwas found of particular interest, as their compactibility is strongly affected by powder preheating,whereas the dimensional changes after ejection decrease considerably. This article presents theeffect of cold and warm compaction on the consolidation and ejection characteristics of ferrousand non-ferrous metal powders. The influence of compaction condition (pressure andtemperature) with considering of the powder characteristics and densification mechanisms areunderlined.


Cranfield University is in the process of implementing a Current Research Information System (CRIS). The system is intended to ensure a single and accurate source of Cranfield's research information to allow for effective planning, monitoring, reporting, communication and future modelling of its research activity. It will therefore play a key role in helping the University to prepare for the Research Excellence Framework (REF) in 2014. Phase one of the project, publications management, has recently been completed and the system is being rolled out to the University's research communities.The article briefly describes the institutional context, the business case and the requirements for the new system and reflects on the lessons learned from this implementation.


Abstract After five years of experience in interprofessional education (IPE) in the Bachelor programs occupational therapy, midwifery, nursing, speech therapy, and physiotherapy at the University of Applied Sciences in Bochum (Germany), we have systematically evaluated and substantially revised our IPE concept in 2014/15. The structural and curricular embedding of IPE throughout the course of the five Bachelor programs requires the development and ongoing evolution of a binding concept for the interprofessional competence development. This concept needs to be based on a systematic reflection of current practice and sound scientific knowledge concerning interprofessional topics. Furthermore, it needs to address the promotion of competencies to act inter- and transprofessionally to enable a high quality of care (Wissenschaftsrat, 2012; Walkenhorst, 2012). Results of narrative literature reviews, structured internal discussions, interviews of experts and various internal and external evaluations have been incorporated into a new conceptual framework for IPE. It has been shown that a revision of the structure, the temporal sequences of modules and the framework to facilitate interprofessional practice are essential steps for continuous development of interprofessional education. In addition, barriers and challenges are identified and discussed. Overall, the process of development has been coordinated and accompanied continuously and successfully by an IPE committee involving different groups of representative members from the Department of Applied Health Sciences.


In principle, jurisdiction is reserved to the State's courts. Nevertheless, the contracting parties are able, if they some express will, grant this competence to arbitration justice. The arbitrator will have therefore for mission to settle the disagreement, but to the difference of the State's judge, it does not return the justice in the name of a State, nor in the framework of a national lawful system. Therefore, when he decides on the question of the applicable right, the arbitrator enjoys a wide liberty. Thus, it can attribute competence to the State's rules or to the usages of the international commerce. The question that puts itself is to know if this liberty of which enjoys the arbitrator remains limited by the reference of the parties to the applicable right, or if she exercises herself even in case of designation absence by the parties of the applicable right.


ObjectiveTo research microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) of total flavonoids from corn silk and compare the differences of flavonoid content in different parts and different periods for medicine.MethodsMAE and hot reflux extraction(HRE) were used to extract the total flavonoids from corn silk respectively on basis of single factor experiments,and then the orthogonal experiments were performed.ResultsFor the MAE,when the ethanol concentration was 60%,the power was 600 W,the extraction time was 16 min and the ratio of plant material to solvent(M/S) was 1:20,the yield of extract was 4.55%.And for the HRE,when the ethanol concentration was 70%,the temperature was 80℃,the extraction time was 2 h and the ratio of plant material to solvent was1:30,the yield of extract was 3.17%.The content of flavonoids in mature stage from the same species is higher than that of milky stage and stigma is higher than that of style.ConclusionMAE method is superior to HRE.


I was supposed to deliver one of the speeches at Wolfgang Thomas's retirement ceremony. Wolfgang had called me on the phone earlier and posed some questions about temporal logic, but I hadn't had good answers at the time. What I decided to do at the ceremony was to take up the conversation again and show how it could have evolved if only I had put more effort into answering his questions. Here is the imaginary conversation with Wolfgang.

The contributions are (1) the first direct translation from counter-free omega-automata into future temporal formulas, (2) a definition of bimachines for omega-words, (3) a translation from arbitrary temporal formulas (including both, future and past operators) into counter-free omega-bimachines, and (4) an automata-based proof of separation: every arbitrary temporal formula is equivalent to a boolean combination of pure future, present, and pure past formulas when interpreted in omega-words.


Mobile communications and radiofrequency technologies represent reliable and efficient solutions for remote data acquisition, supervisory and control systems. The correct selection of the proper transmission method from the wide variety of radio transmission methods and standards represents an important issue. For this reason in the first part of this paper are presented briefly, the newest and most efficient wireless technologies suitable for remote data acquisition, supervisory and control systems. After that, the paper is focus on the GPRS method as solution for implementing such distributed systems. Are presented in detail the GM862 GSM/GPRS modules and the development boards used for tests. In the last part of the paper are listed few basic AT command that shows the operation of presented modules.


This is a report from a Nordic workshop on the SciRAP tools and their application in regulatory hazard and risk assessment, which was organised in Stockholm in November 2016. Thirty-one experts in ...


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A reading of this book can hardly fail to conjure up before the Christian a vividly fresh realization of the yawning chasm that lies between the world of flesh and the world of spirit, the utter futility of attempts to persuade Reason to transcend its own built-in balTiers, and the absolute necessity for the leap of Faith--for "supernaturalization"--before the natural man can understand "the things which be of God. n Secondarily, but still important, Flatland can scarcely help being a hard-to-forget lesson to an Of' us in the hwnility born of an acceptance of relativity. All in all, it is well worth reading--and owning.


This paper describes a collaborative strategy shared by a rehabilitation center and a public university with a goal to improve the knowledge on assistive technology and rehabilitation research and development in Brazil. Here, we focus on the contributions, challenges and investigations performed so far.


In this study, we aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms of two very rare subtypes of AML: acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) and acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (APMF). Our goal is to describe the clinical-pathologic features of APMF and explore the genomic landscape AMKL to further understand these rare malignancies. We identified 35 patients diagnosed with AMKL (n=27) and APMF (n=8) at Mayo Clinic between 1995 and 2015 by retrospective chart review. For 10 of the AMKL patients, tissue was available for whole-exome sequencing and was analyzed in comparison to a published AML reference population. The median overall survival was shorter in patients with AMKL (3.9 months, 95% CI 1.7-7.4) than in patients with APMF (14.3 months, 95% CI 0.7-NE, p = 0.026,). For both AMKL and APMF, patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had better overall survival (14.3 months, 95% CI 1.9-NE) compared to those not undergoing transplantation (4.6 months, 95% CI 1.5-7.4, p = 0.003). Patients with AMKL presented more frequently with splenomegaly, with higher peripheral blood blast counts, and with higher serum lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. 9 out of 10 AMKL patients with available tissue for sequencing demonstrated variants in 22 of 35 AML driver genes, with JAK2 V617F as the most common mutation. Although our small study numbers preclude firm conclusions, it does reflect the rarity of these AML subtypes. Furthermore, inferior survival in AMKL (compared to APMF) was reflected in its proliferative disease features such as splenomegaly, high blast counts, and high lactate dehydrogenase. Interestingly, the presence of JAK2 V617F variants in 40% of the interrogated samples was higher than expected. Although JAK2 is a known molecular driver in myeloproliferative neoplasms, it is actually very rare in de novo AML (~1%). Despite improved survival with allogeneic stem cell transplant, we can conclude that treatment outcomes for AMKL and APMF with standard-of-care therapy were sobering and that patients with these rare AML subtypes should undergo molecular evaluation to qualify them for clinical trials with novel targeted therapies. Citation Format: Marissa Li, Moritz Binder, Basma Basha, Ben Zhang, Alejandro Ferrer, Yuanhan Liu, Mrinal Patnaik, David Viswanatha, Naseema Gangat. Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is associated with poor overall survival and enriched in JAK2 variants [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B03.


The SSAPRE algorithm for performing partial redundancy elimination based entirely on SSA form is presented. The algorithm is formulated based on a new conceptual framework, the factored redundancy graph, for analyzing redundancy, and representes the first sparse approach to the classical problem and on methods for its solution. With the algorithm description, theorems and their proofs are given showing that the algorithm produces the best possible code by the criteria of computational optimality and lifetime optimality of the introduced temporaries. In addition to the base algorithm, a practical implementation of SSAPRE that exhibits additional compile-time efficiencies is described. In closing, measurement statistics are provided that characterize the instances of the partial redundancy problem from a set of benchmark programs and compare optimization time spent by an implementation of SSAPRE aganist a classical partial redundancy elimination implementation. The data lend insight into the nature of partial redundancy elimination and demonstrate the expediency of this new approach.


This paper examines schemes that modify linear prediction (LP) analysis for speech signals. First, techniques which improve the conditioning of the LP equations are examined. White noise compensation for the correlations is justified from the point of view of reducing the range of values which the predictor coefficients take on. The efficacy of the procedure is measured over a large speech database. Various techniques for bandwidth expansion of the LP spectral peaks are also examined. These include lag windowing of the correlation, windowing of the predictor coefficients, and modification of the line spectral frequencies. New formulas for the bandwidth expansion factor are given.


The author identifies the landowner Ligys in an inscription from Sazak near Yesilova with his namesake, who erected a dedication to Poseidon in the village of Caltepe, not far from Sazak. An overview of private and imperial estates in the region shows that Ligys's land laid between several large domains, characteristic of the Phrygian-Pisidian borderland. However, a possible belonging of his land to a city cannot be proven since the region's historical geography is poorly known. The dedication to Poseidon, in comparison to similar inscriptions from the surroundings, points out the importance of the god for the fertility of the soil.


Objectives This study aimed to identify variables impacting care-seeking for pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) among (1) a general population of professional African American (AA) women and (2) professional AA women with prevalent PFD symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional survey of women registered for the 37th National Assembly of the Links, Inc, a volunteer service organization of professional AA women, was conducted. Our de-identified questionnaire addressed several domains including PFD symptoms, history of PFD diagnoses, attitudes regarding PFDs, and help-seeking. We asked what respondents would do if they experienced PFD symptoms and defined our outcome as the response "I would not seek care." Barriers were covariates associated with not seeking care. Results Of 568 questionnaires distributed, 362 (64%) with complete data were returned; 6.4% (23/362) of respondents reported they "would not seek care" if experiencing a PFD symptom. On logistic regression, attitude that PFDs are a normal part of aging [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 5.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46–21.23] and concerns about insurance (AOR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.39–10.33) were barriers to care-seeking, adjusting for health status and embarrassment about discussing PFDs. Thirty percent (110/362) of women reported having current PFD symptoms. In this subset, only 26% had accessed care. On logistic regression, prolapse symptoms in the previous 3 months and age 65 years or older were negatively associated with not seeking care (ie, were predictors of care-seeking) (AOR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02–0.67) and (AOR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03–0.85), respectively, adjusting for pelvic floor distress inventory scores. Conclusions Among educated and insured AA women, attitudes about aging and insurance complexity are barriers to care-seeking for PFDs. In women with current PFD symptoms, recent prolapse symptoms and age 65 years or older were predictors of care-seeking.


One of the critical problems associated with poorly soluble drugs is low bioavailability and or erratic absorption. The problem is even more complex for drugs such as itraconazole and Carbamazepine (belonging to BCS CLASS II) as they are poorly soluble in both aqueous and organic media.There are number of formulation approaches to resolve the problems of low solubility and low bioavailability. But all those have some limitations and hence have limited utility in solubility enhancement. Nanotechnology can be used to resolve these problems associated with conventional approaches. Nanotechnology is defined as the science and engineering carried out in the nanoscale that is 10 -9 meters. Nanosuspensions consist of the pure poorly water-soluble drug without any matrix material suspended in dispersion. A nanosuspension not only solves the problems of poor solubility and bioavailability but also alters the pharmacokinetics of drug and thus improves drug safety and efficacy.


This article describes the use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for the precast, prestressed concrete beams of the new Biloxi Bay Bridge, built to replace the existing bridge that was destroyed by Hurricane Katrina. The bridge crosses Biloxi Bay between Biloxi, Mississippi and Ocean Springs, Mississippi. The authors note that the use of SCC reduced the time required to cast the beams, virtually eliminated the need for vibration equipment, reduced associated noise, and significantly reduced the cost of final finishing. The new bridge was designed to have sufficient elevation to clear water levels expected from a catastrophic hurricane. Polycarboxylate technology was used to produce the SCC, which resulted in extended slump retention, higher concrete strengths for better design flexibility and structural economies, more durability, lower permeability, and fewer surface defects. Tests showed that the compressive strengths of the SCC used easily exceeded specified values.


When the authors began to study the phenomenon of progressive education, they were confronted by the conspicuous absence of material on this subject in Black education-particularly Black colleges. A survey of the major Progressive Education Association journal, Progressive Education, provided only a few articles that focused on progressive education and Black schools and dealt with the issue mainly in terms of experimental human relations courses in white institutions. Moreover, Lawrence Cremin's (1964) work, The Transformation of the School. Progressivism in American Education, does not discuss progressive education in relation to Black institutions. After reviewing other works and encountering similar results, one author asked Dr. William Kornegay (Professor of Cultural Foundation of Education, University of Massachusetts) for references on progressive education in Black colleges. His initial response was, "Oh, to my knowledge, there wasn't any in Black colleges."


Cardiac sympathetic denervation occurs commonly in Parkinson's disease. This study explored whether analogous denervation occurs in primates with parkinsonism from systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). 6-[ 18 F]Fluorodopamine positron emission tomographic scanning and plasma levels of catecholamines and their deaminated metabolites were used to assess sympathetic and adrenomedullary function in rhesus monkeys, in the untreated state (N=3), 2 weeks after a series of 4 MPTP injections, before establishment of parkinsonism (acute phase, N=1); a month later, after 4 more MPTP doses, associated with severe parkinsonism (subacute phase, N=1); or more than 2 years from the last dose (remote phase, N=3), with persistent severe parkinsonism. A positive control received i.v. 6-hydroxydopamine 1 week before 6-[ 18 F]fluorodopamine scanning. Acute MPTP treatment increased cardiac 6-[ 18 F]fluorodopamine-derived radioactivity, whereas 6-hydroxydopamine markedly decreased cardiac radioactivity, despite similarly low plasma levels of catecholamines and metabolites after either treatment. Subacutely, plasma catecholamines remained decreased, but now with myocardial 6-[ 18 F]fluorodopamine-derived radioactivity also decreased. Remotely, MPTP-treated monkeys had lower plasma catecholamines and higher myocardial 6[ 18 F]fluorodopamine-derived radioactivity than did untreated animals. The results indicate that in non-human primates, systemic MPTP administration produces multiphasic effects on peripheral catecholamine systems, with nearly complete recovery by 2 years. MPTP- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced changes differ markedly, probably from ganglionic or preganglionic neurotoxicity with the former and more severe cardiac sympathetic neurotoxicity with the latter. Because of multiphasic sympathetic and adrenomedullary effects, without cardioselective


Introduction: A Water Equivalent Hydrogen content of 30±5% was detected in the near surface of Olympia Undae dunes using Neutron Spectrometer data. These data along with Thermal Inertia data and geomorphic feature analysis suggest that the polar dunes contain icecemented layers [1-3]. Teodoro et al [6] have applied Pixon image reconstruction methods to North Polar Epithermal Neutron Data to increase the spatial resolution of the count rates. Their data show that there is spatial heterogeneity in the circum-polar epithermal count rates (Fig. 1). Of particular note are large areas of relatively high epithermal count rates that suggest relatively low water equivalent hydrogen content near the surface [7].


A method is presented for performing partial summations in multi-reference perturbation theory that is stable in the presence of intruder states. The method is invariant under translation and thus can be used to evaluate the folded terms as well. Several numerical examples are presented which demonstrate the efficiency of the method.


The present titling work is framed in the hydraulic modeling of the current potable water
distribution network of the Commune Joa from Jipijapa Canton, and with the design of the
expansion of the network, 699 inhabitants will benefit over a period of 20 years.
For the determination of the information that was required, a survey of the place, the
topographic survey and a survey of the population were carried out to know the reality of the
problem and the number of inhabitants benefited, with this information it was possible to
determine parameters such as the future population, future endowment, design flow, etc.
With the so-called characteristics of the current network, hydraulic modeling was performed
with the use of software called WaterCAD, resulting in speeds and pressures with very low
values; Later, with this data, the design of the network expansion was carried out, resulting in
2 circuits with pipes of different diameters (19,05mm-25,40mm-40mm-50,80mm-76,20mm-
101,60mm) and with an additional elevated tank, and thus solve the problems of speeds and
pressures of the entire network.
Finally, the plans were made based on the design of the expansion of the potable water
network and the corresponding referential budget of the project with a cost of $ 146,627.47 It
should be noted that for the realization of this project, the technical criteria that are included in
the "code of practice for the design of drinking water supply systems, disposal of excreta and
liquid waste in rural areas."


Oligostachyum scabriflorum forest was one of important vegetation types at Ansha Reservoir Area of Yong'an County,Fujian Province.The function for soil fixation and water conservation of O.scabriflorum forest was compared with that of Chinese fir forest in artificial runoff plots.The results showed that soil anti-erodibility,permeability and water-holding capability of O.scabriflorum forest were better than those of Chinese fir forest.So O.scabriflorum forest would be managed and considered as a soil and water conservation forest.