The influences of normalizing holding time and tempering holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of T91 steel were studied by means of OM and SEM.The results show that the holding time has a significant influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of T91 steel when normalizing temperature is 1050℃ and tempering temperature is 760℃.When the normalizing holding time of the sample increases from 1h to 2h,the austenite grain size increases remarkably and the impact energy decreases from 200J to 97J after 1h tempering.In addition,the impact energy increases from 97J to 222J as the tempering holding time increases from 1h to 3h after normalized at 1050℃ for 2h.In these two kinds of heat treatment process 1050℃×1h+760℃×1h and 1050℃×2h+760℃×3h,the mechanical properties of T91 steel is identical and can satisfy the requirements.Therefore the heat treatment process of 1050℃×1h+760℃×1h for T91 steel is the optimized processing.


Japan plans to dispatch ministerial representatives to the review conference of the Anti-Personnel Mines Convention in Nairobi in November, it was
learned on Saturday.


The flowering time is a trait of interest to maize (Zea mays L.) breeders because of its importance in the selection of appropriate parents of hybrids. We de- tected quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the early flowering of a northern flint inbred line, To85, using 150 F 2:3 lines derived from a cross of To85 and a late dent inbred line, Mi29. We used 110 SSR, 1 CAPS, and 3 InDel markers for 4 candidate genes (an1, d8, ck2α, and vp1) related to flowering time in maize in order to construct a framework linkage map. The F 2:3 population exhibited a wide range of variation in growing degree days (GDD), silking (SLK), and pollen shedding (POL). Using compos- ite interval mapping with an LOD threshold of 3.6, seven QTLs associated with SLK and/or POL were detected on 1S, 1L, 3S, 8L, and 9L. The region on 1L associated with QTL for SLK contained the locus of an1. The peak of QTL on 8L with the largest effect for SLK was near bnlg1067, which was near the locus of epc1. These QTLs did not greatly affect the plant height and/or ear height. These results provide information that allows us to choose candidate genes and improve the flowering time of temperate maize inbred lines through marker-assisted selection.


The purpose of the study. To study the correlational relationship between the results obtained by examining the uterus and ovaries in healthy women of reproductive age using shear wave ultrasound elastography with elastometry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assessment of the measured diffusion coefficient (MDC) of diffusion-weighted images (DWI). Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 45 healthy women of reproductive age (the average age was 32.9±3.1 years). All of them underwent ultrasound examination with the technology of two-dimensional shear wave elastography with elastometry (Aixplorer, Supersonic Imagine, France) according to the method developed and implemented by us. The MRI of uterine and ovarian structures was performed using the DWI protocol (Excelart Vantage Atlas magnetic resonance tomograph, Toshiba, Japan, 1.5 T), the myometrium and the uterine mucosa in the body and cervix, ovaries were evaluated. In the automatic mode, the MDC of unaltered structures in the uterine body and cervix and their appendages was calculated in the area of interest on ADC-maps. The degree of correlational relationship between the results of ultrasound elastography with elastometry and magnetic resonance tomography with an estimate of the measured diffusion coefficient was calculated. Results. Correlation analysis of the relationship between rigidity and the MDC of uterine and adnexal structures showed a direct inverse relationship between these values and a high degree of connection by Cheddock scale (p = 0.000000). At this, lesser MDC values (mm2 /s) of similar structures of the organs under study corresponded to large quantitative values of the Young's elasticity modulus (kPa) of all uterine and ovarian structures. Conclusion. The obtained data make it possible to optimize the diagnostic algorithm and to supplement the standard protocols for ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging studies of gynecological organs using two-dimensional shear wave elastography with elastometry and magnetic resonance tomography with an assessment of the measured diffusion coefficient of diffusion-weighted images.


Research purposes: Railway tunnel belongs to half concealed work because it is constructed in the underground rock-soil medium.It is difficult to determine the specific disease situation of the lining because the lining is concealed.According to the investigation of the phenomenon of tunnel lining disease,the model for fuzzy evaluation of the lining health of railway tunnel was established with improved fuzzy AHP to determine the weight and improving multi-fuzzy algorithm,for the purposes of finding out the major diseases of the lining and their impact levels.Research conclusions:Application of this model can quantitatively evaluate the lining health of railway tunnel and objectively analyze the impact factors and levels of the most important desease.The application shows the model can be used for the similar works.


Distributed inverted index technology is used in many peer-to-peer (P2P) systems to help find rapidly document in -set search system for peer-to-peer networkswhich a given word appears. Distributed inverted index by keywords may incur significant bandwidth for executing more complicated search queries such as multiple-attribute queries. In order to reduce query overhead, KSS (keyword-set search) by Gnawali partitions the index by a set of keywords. However, a KSS index is considerably larger than a standard inverted index,since there are more word sets than there are individual words. And the insert overhead and storage overhead are obviously unacceptable for full-text search on a collection of documents even if KSS uses the distance window technology. In this paper, we extract the relationship information between query keywords from websites' queries logs to improve performance of KSS system.Experiments results clearly demonstrated that the improved keyword-set search system based on keywords relationship (KRBKSS) is more efficient than KSS index in insert overhead and storage overhead, and a standard inverted index in terms of communication costs for query.


In view to perform accurate finite element simulations of sheet metal forming, sufficiently developed constitutive description of anisotropic materials is required. From a numerical point of view, the plastic anisotropy results from the shape of the yield locus that depends on the crystallographic texture, from the yield locus size or isotropic hardening which is related to the dislocation density and from the kinematic hardening that changes the position of the yield locus. This last phenomena is associated with the process of dislocation pile-up.


Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-0931 / Imaging Features of the Hypointense Solid Lesions in the Female Pelvis on T2-weighted MR Images" by: "S. B. Park, J. B. Lee; Seoul/KR"


Biomarkers are objectively measured characteristics used as indicators of disease in clinical practice and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. The six‐minute walk test has been widely used as a trial endpoint in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to gain approval for targeted therapies. Other biomarkers have been studied to overcome certain limitations of the walk test. Potential clinical applications for biomarkers in PAH include screening, determination of prognosis, and monitoring response to therapy. Measurement of the B‐type natriuretic peptides is currently recommended by guidelines, despite a lack of appropriate validation in the PAH population. Novel biomarkers based on recently discovered pathobiologic pathways have been identified, like CXC chemokine ligand 10, C‐reactive protein, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and growth‐differentiation factor‐15. Rigorous statistical, biologic and clinical validation should be necessary before any biomarker can be endorsed for widespread clinical use.


The invention discloses a switch cabinet environment intelligent monitoring and processing system based on a wireless network. The switch cabinet environment intelligent monitoring and processing system comprises a server and a plurality of data collectors corresponding to switch cabinets one by one. A wireless temperature and moisture sensor, a controller, a fan and a heater are arranged in each switch cabinet. The controllers receive data of the wireless temperature and moisture sensors and control the fans and the heaters to work, and the data collectors receive data of the wireless temperature and moisture sensors and send the data to the server. The switch cabinet environment intelligent monitoring and processing system can obtain monitoring data automatically, saves labor and materials, obtains monitoring data timely and is high in data accuracy. Once an abnormal condition happens, alarming information can be obtained immediately, corresponding processing on the abnormal condition can be conducted timely, and accidents are avoided.


Objective:In order to know germicidal efficacy and toxicity of compound disinfectant of bee glue.Methods:The carrier quantitative germicidal test and animal test were used to observe its germicidal effcacy and toxicity.Results:The result showed that dilute solution formed by mixing its stock solution with water at a ratio of 1∶6 with a 15 minute contact time could kill 100% of Escherichia coli and staphylo coccus aureus on cloth strip and the dilute solution formed by adding water at a ratio of 1∶2 with a 20 miunte contact time could kill 99.96%~99.98% of Candida albicans on cloth strip.The germicidal efficacy decreased due to presence of organic substances or after storing at 54 ℃ for 14 days.The oral LD_ 50 of its stock solution in mice was 5 000 mg/kg and the integrated score of skin irritative reaction in rabbits was zero,so it belongs to actually non-toxic and non-irritative substance.Conclusion:Compound disinfectant is a kind of original disinfectant which has better germicidal efficacy and could be safely used.


Johor Bahru Universiti Utara Malaysia's students participating in its "Programme Bakti Siswa" next month, had a foretaste of how hard life is for the Orang Asli Seletar in Kampung Pasir Salam, Ulu Tiram, when they took a rather terrifying long ride to the settlement recently.


The low ionic conductivity and short service life of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) limit the application of ambient‐temperature polymer lithium metal batteries, which is perhaps a result of the inherent restricted segment movement of the polymer at room temperature. Herein, an ambient‐temperature dual‐layer solid polymer electrolyte is developed and the related working mechanisms are innovatively investigated. In the strategy, poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC)/succinonitrile (SN) contacts with the cathode while polyethylene oxide (PEO)/Li7La3Zr2O12 is adopted near the anode. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the formation of solvated sheath‐like structure [SN···Li+], which demonstrates strong interaction with polymers (PPC···[SN···Li+]/PEO···[SN···Li+]). Further density functional theory calculations show that these structures, allow rapid transport of Li ions through polymer segments. These results are confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Therefore, the Li‐ion transport mechanism for ambient‐temperature SPEs can be reasonably revealed. Remarkably, the binding energy between PPC and SN is stronger than that of PEO, which helps avoid the parasitic reaction between SN and Li. A low overpotential of 55 mV is exhibited for Li/Li symmetrical cells after 1000 h. Notably, a capacity retention of 86.3% is maintained for LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2/Li cell at 25 °C, implying good application potential in ambient‐temperature high voltage lithium metal batteries.


The study contributes to interrelation of innovative and traditional indicators of reliability and efficiency of construction production processes. The object of the article is organizational and technological potential of the processes of construction production and two of its research directions: 1) an infographic modeling of the parameters for the creation and functioning of systems of organizational design and management in construction; 2) a concept of organizational and technological potential (of the efficiency of the construction process). An important aspect of the sufficiency of the potential of the reliability of construction production is the use of a balanced system of interrelated indicators. The subjects of research in the article are innovative and traditional indicators of reliability and efficiency of construction production processes. The task of the study was to analyze interrelation of innovative and traditional indicators and determine groups of interrelated indicators and determine the average values of the readiness indicator value ranges. An infographic modeling method and a predominantly deterministic inverse multi-stage dynamic perspective factor analysis have been used in the study. The four groups of interrelated indicators have been determined for a construction company performance evaluation: financial, client, internal business processes, training and development. The average values of the readiness indicator value ranges have been obtained by the average statistical values of mean time between failures: 0.86-0.92 for technical equipment and SMIT; 0.80-0.85 for material resources and components; 0.78-0.83 for labor resources.


Background: The effect of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), used for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on body mass index (BMI), and lipid profile parameters has a great heterogenicity and has not been well defined. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of DAAs therapy on BMI and lipid profile in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV. Materials and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 100 cases diagnosed with chronic HCV who were clinically and biochemically assessed for commencing DAAs therapy. BMI and lipid profile, as well as liver function tests, were assessed at index time and 6 months after DAAs therapy. Results: The mean age of the included cases was 54.17 years and most of the included subjects were females (72%). Compared to baseline parameters, there was no significant difference regard, BMI, hemoglobin levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, AFP, and creatine 6six months after the end of treatment. Furthermore, ALT, AST, and INR showed a significant decrease, however, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and albumin showed a significant increase six months after the end of treatment. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that DAAs had no impact on BMI and hemoglobin level, however, it is associated with a significant increase in LDL and cholesterol levels with no impact on HDL, triglycerides.


This research explored the possible application of loose Nanofiltration (NF) to enhance 19 stability and shelf life of pear juices. The results obtained from loose Nanofiltration of sulfite pre-treated (SPT) and sulphite un-treated pear juices (SUT) showed similar patterns of decline in flux rate and increase in volume concentration ratio (VCR) over time. The treated juice (loose NF permeate) showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in lightness (L*), improvement from brownish tinge to clear light greenish tinge (a*) and an improvement in overall colour difference (ΔEab) values. Additionally, loose NF permeates from SPT and SUT were much clearer than the control as indicated by 87-91% improvement in percent adsorption. Loose NF permeates compared to control showed only a minor increase in the absorbance values when tested for stability at 80°C. Such changes in the permeate characteristics indicated significant improvement juice quality. The retentate from loose NF revealed high sugar content (17-18°Brix), was dark brown in colour and contained more organic acids.


Key-dependent Wavelet Packet Transforms (KDWPT) have been proposed for image encryption and especially for the joint application with the JPEG2000 compression framework. An assumed advantage of this compression integrated encryption scheme is its assumed negligible computational demand. In this work we analyze the assumption (KDWPT are lightweight compared to conventional encryption) both practically by experiments with state-of-the-art implementations and theoretically (by developing a proper model for the complexity of KDWPT).


Abstract Heyman's target article contributes to our understanding of addictions by offering solutions to several paradoxes and by recognizing the stable nature of addictive behavior. Previous classical and operant conditioning models have emphasized molecular processes, such as acquisition and extinction, and have failed to address the aggregate effects of long-term exposure to the contingencies of drug and alcohol use.


The type of highway engineering dangerous resource was introduced,the building of program and procedure of building safety production management system based on OHSMS were proposed,so as to popularize OHSMS highway engineering safety system application,therefore further reduced occurring rate of safety accident.


This lavishly photographed book captures the beauty and mystery of Monument Valley, the Navajo Nation's Tribal Park. The Valley's distinctive rock forms-the backdrop of numerous Hollywood westerns-have come to represent a quintessential Old West Landscape. An ancient people settled here ten centuries ago. Today, Navajo residents live in harmony with this challenging land. Interpretive text outlining the natural and human history of the region accompanies carefully chosen contemporary and historic photographs.


A new type of high-frequency fractional-N frequency divider with a phase compensation technique is developed, which can operate for frequencies ranging from 1 GHz to 2.5 GHz, and achieve a divide ratio of (256-271) + (f/16). The on-chip phase compensation by a delay-locked loop (DLL) is adopted to reduce the fractional spurs in the fractional-N frequency synthesizer. The fractional-N synthesizer is simulated using a 0.35- /spl mu/m standard CMOS technology and the power dissipation is about 70 mW under the supply voltage of 3.3 V.


In this study, a novel miniaturized microstrip patch antenna based on meander‐folded, shorted‐patch (SP) structure is introduced. The technique enables a decrease of the original quarter‐wavelength patch length approximately by the factor 1/N, where N is the number of the vertically placed patch plates above the ground plane. The antenna operational principle is explained with the help of E‐field distribution and can be interpreted as SP with vertically meander‐folded cavity. Further modification of the top patch plate to ensure symmetrical radiation pattern is proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2938–2942, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24790


Discoveries of localized large-capacity reservoirs capable of sustaining high-rate production distinguish the current Austin Chalk play from past booms in the S.E. Texas trend. The chalk gained its reputation for high initial potentials with quick decline rates in the area of the Pearsall field in Frio County; this is southwest of the current focus of play in Burleson, Lee, Fayette, Washington, and Gonzales Counties. In this portion of the vast producing trend a different kind of rock exists - one that is highly fractured and gives up large amounts of hydrocarbons for a sustained period. An example of high-rate sustained production is in the Birch Creek area near Lake Somerville in Burleson County. Projected reserves should average 100,000 to 125,000 bbl/well. With varying amounts of associated gas from 400 MMCF to one billion cubic feet. Initial production tests on these wells range from 200 to 500 bopd and 200 MCFD to 3 MMCFD. After several months of production, the wells indicate capacity to hold up to initial performance.


The depolarization ratio ρ for the single particle light scattering spectrum of a relativistic plasma with a displaced Maxwell velocity distribution is calculated to the lowest significant order in β = v/c. (c is the light velocity; v is the electron velocity.) It is found that ρ reaches the order of magnitude 0.1 if the temperature increases beyond 108 °K, and that the plasma temperature can be determined by one single polarization measurement without spectral decomposition of the scattered radiation.


We investigated the possibility of plasma-induced spectral broadening of high-energy ultrashort laser pulses in a helium-filled multipass cell (MPC) through a series of full numerical simulations of the extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation. It was found that the gas pressure must be set low so that the propagation dynamics can be controlled only by plasma defocusing. Simulations using 100 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses in the MPC, which is 6 m long and has a mirror of 3.1 m radius at each end, showed that if the gas pressure is set within the range of 40-130 Pa, then the relevant spectral broadening can be obtained after five passes, yielding compressed pulses of a 4.7-6.4 fs width. The ratio of the energy of the compressed pulse to the output pulse is found to be within 58-88%.


The purpose of this research is to explore the implementation of teachers' strategies in teaching listening comprehension. There are three English teachers of SMPN 1 Rimba Melintang, who have been selected by purposeful sampling as the participants. However, A descriptive qualitative research was designed to presume the three aspects of teachers' strategies i.e. teachers' interpretation of teaching strategies, whilst-teaching, and assessing students listening comprehension. In collecting data, the researchers conducted semi-structured interview in order to gain the deeper information from the participants. The results and analysis of the interviews found that the teachers' interpretation of strategies were interdependent and interrelated with other skills, which means to decide a strategy is very influential for the learning outcome.  However, the decision of using different strategies might have different results.  The second aspect, the audio-visual media enable the students to hear sounds and notice directly to the intended object, which followed by a group discussion and quizzes for question-answer sessions, that the students response immediately and spontaneously. Finally, the teacher assesses the results of student work by any particular drills, such as, summarizing the materials, noticing main ideas of the talks, doing presentation, and questions and answers.


We study unsupervised data selection for semisupervised learning (SSL), where a large-scale unlabeled dataset is available and a small subset of data is budgeted for label acquisition. Existing SSL methods focus on learning a model that effectively integrates information from given small labeled data and large unlabeled data, whereas we focus on selecting the right data to annotate for SSL without requiring any label or task information. Intuitively, instances to be labeled shall collectively have maximum diversity and coverage for downstream tasks, and individually have maximum information propagation utility for SSL. We formalize these concepts in a three-step data-centric SSL method that improves FixMatch in stability and accuracy by 8% on CIFAR-10 (0.08% labeled) and 14% on ImageNet-1K (0.2% labeled). It is also a universal framework that works with various SSL methods, delivering consistent performance gains. Our work demonstrates that small computation spent on carefully selecting data for annotation brings big annotation efficiency and model performance gain without changing the learning pipeline. Our completely unsupervised data selection can be easily extended to other weakly supervised learning settings.


Abstract EPDM stocks containing 5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride and cobalt naphthenate, when sulfur vulcanized onto RFL-treated fabrics, show a significant increase in peel adhesion properties. EPDM's containing ENB, as the termonomer, have been found to give the best results. The accelerator is an important part of the total adhesion system. Only the slower curing types are applicable, such as sulfenamides and thiazoles. Both soluble and insoluble sulfur yield equivalent adhesion properties, but the insoluble form has the advantage of producing a higher modulus stock. This adhesion system is applicable to only RFL-treated fabrics in which the latex is a styrene-butadiene-vinyl pyridine type. Reduction of compounded stock cost is possible by increased filler loadings or by the use of a skim coat technique, while still providing improved adhesion properties. Variations in both carbon black and oil levels produce corresponding changes in modulus development and curing time. These properties can be u...


Heavy ion-induced electrical degradations and mechanisms of high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) were investigated in this article. AlGaN/GaN HEMTs were irradiated by 800-MeV Bi ions with total fluence of $5.23\times 10^{{10}}$ ions/cm2. The results show that the saturation current decreased by 13.1%, the threshold voltage negatively shifted by 0.21 V, the peak transconductance decreased by 26.6%, the reverse gate-leakage current increased much more than 16 times, and forward gate-leakage current increased more than three times. Furthermore, all electrical performances experienced partial recovery after room temperature annealing (RTA) and 175 °C thermal annealing except gate-leakage current. To further explore the mechanism of gate-leakage degradation, AlGaN/GaN heterojunction wafers were exposed to 1400-MeV Ta ions with fluence of $6.86\times107$ ions/cm2, and characterized by conductive atomic force microscope (CAFM) before and after the irradiation. The results show that the leakage current significantly increased in AlGaN material areas after the irradiation. Comparing the increase in gate leakage of the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction and AlGaN/GaN HEMT induced by heavy ions irradiation, it can be seen that the gate-leakage current of AlGaN/GaN HEMT after heavy irradiation almost entirely was caused by latent tracks. The mechanism for the irreversible increase in gate leakage after heavy ions irradiation could be attributed to the latent tracks along the ion trajectories through the heterojunction.


The system for displaying image comprises a plurality of pixel structures each of which comprises an organic illuminating element and a pixel drive circuit. The drive method for the organic illuminating element includes: control a data signal to be written from the data line into the storage capacitor in signal enabling period on the scanning line to set a first end voltage of the storage capacitor; control an other scanning line to set a second end voltage of the storage capacitor in signal enabling period on the scanning line; control the drive element to output a current into the organic illuminating element according to the potential difference of the first end and the second end of the capacitor to drive the organic illuminating element illuminating. Advantage: prolonged service lifeof organic illuminating element.


Several linearly conjugated isothiocyanato (NCS) tolanes, biphenyl-tolanes and bistolanes were synthesized and their properties evaluated. Eutectic mixtures compromising these compounds were formulated. The temperature dependent birefringence, visco-elastic coefficient and figure-of-merit were measured. These isothiocyanato tolane mixtures exhibit a favorably high figure of merit at elevated temperatures. Potential applications of these mixtures for laser beam steering, tunable-focus lens and telecom variable optical attenuator are emphasized.


This chapter describes the major forms of drug use and dependence in developed countries, that is, cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine and heroin. It also presents the patterns of use, problems experienced by users and interventions to assist dependent users. Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug globally, with around 150 million users, or 3.7% of the world's population aged 15 years and older. Regular cannabis smoking impairs the functioning of the large airways and causes chronic bronchitis. After cannabis, cocaine is one of the most widely used illicit drugs in developed and developing societies. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), amphetamines and methamphetamines are the most widely abused illicit drugs after cannabis, with an estimated 35 million users worldwide. Research in the United States indicates that dependent heroin users who seek treatment or come to attention through the legal system may continue to use heroin for decades.


Among super-resolved microscopy (SRM) methods, single molecule localisation microscopy techniques, such as photo-activated localisation microscopy (PALM) [1] and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) [2], enable imaging beyond the classical diffraction limit to gain new insights in subcellular biological processes with relatively simple instrumentation. This has led to a number of low-cost instruments, e.g. for STORM microscopy [3-6], which can benefit from an array of software tools for the single molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) data analysis [7]. Our low-cost "easySTORM" approach [4] implements dSTORM [8] with multimode diode lasers and optical fibres to provide STORM images with fields of view up to ~125 μm diameter using μManager [9] to control the image data acquisition and ThunderSTORM [10] to analyse the SMLM data. We and others [11,12] are motivated to develop automated SMLM for high content analysis (HCA) that enable rapid imaging of sample arrays, allows statistical analysis of samples that may vary in terms of labelling and biological heterogeneity and enable moderate throughput screening applications.


Defines two competitive ideas – competence and capability – and argues that neither deals adequately with the central issue of the present. Provides a model, to place these ideas in conceptual space – the vertical axis of which is bounded by the extremes of narrow and broad focus, and the horizontal axis by the past and the future. Suggests that competence is on an outer edge, being narrowly focused on the performance of pre‐defined tasks, and based on the past in that it can be demonstrated in the present only if it has already been developed. Capability is on the opposite outer edge, being broadly focused on the performance of non‐defined tasks, and cannot be demonstrated in the present, because it exists as potential/future possibility or capacity. To illuminate the centre, suggests a tentative solution called "capatence" – the necessary symbiosis between competence and capability that will allow for flexibility of focus and a grounding in the present.


Enhancing food safety in developing countries, such as Indonesia, poses more challenges, especially those of the small- and medium-scale. Various food safety systems are available and readily implemented in the food industry. However, to ensure the effectiveness of such systems, pre-requisite programs should be applied prior to the implementation of food safety system. One of the most acknowledged pre-requisite program is Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). The aim of this study is to assess the GMP compliance of some small-scale food companies in East Java. Three types of traditional food product were selected, include tempe chips, palm sugar, and instant herbal drink. A survey involving three companies for each type of traditional food was conducted. Data was obtained through observation and assessment based on tabulated criteria in GMP criteria. In essential, the result revealed the compliment level of the food companies being surveyed. There was different level of compliment between each type of the food industry, where the palm sugar industry had the lowest level of compliment compared to the other two. This difference is due to the food safety awareness, social and cultural influences, and also knowledge on food safety and hygiene practice.


ABSTRACT The 1621 painted glass window in the Mildmay chapel of St Leonard's church, Apethorpe, Northamptonshire, belongs to the revival of figurative glass in churches during the first half of the seventeenth century. Its four subjects, the Fall of Adam and Eve, Christ's crucifixion and resurrection, and the Last Judgement, express orthodox reformed belief in original sin and salvation only through faith in Christ's saving grace. But the window's design and unusual iconographic details are atypical of the period. Theme and imagery closely parallel sixteenth-century bible illustrations and both can be understood in relation to the volume of meditations compiled over her lifetime by Grace, Lady Mildmay, who was the patron of the chapel. The paper argues for her close involvement in the evolution of the imagery; the window can be seen as a visual equivalent of her meditations, and expresses her preoccupation with sinfulness, redemption, resurrection, and the afterlife.


Early estimation of performance has become necessary to facilitate design of complex multi-core architectures. Performance evaluation based on extensive simulations is time consuming and needs to be improved to allow exploration of different architectures in acceptable time. In this paper, we propose a method that improves the tradeoff between simulation speed and accuracy in performance models of architectures. This method computes during model execution some of the synchronization instants involved in architecture evolution. It allows grouping and abstracting architecture processes and this way significantly reduces the number of simulation events. Experiments show significant benefits from the computation method on the simulation time. Especially, a simulation speed-up by a factor of 4 is achieved in the considered case study, with no loss of accuracy about estimation of processing resource usage. The proposed method has potential to support automatic generation of efficient architecture models.


Various types of online communities have spread over the internet. Due to the growing number of communities, the competition among these social platforms is steadily increasing. While some communities are successful and sustaining, others disappear from the market. Using a unique longitudinal dataset from a number of regional online communities, this thesis examines the interdependence between online community success factors at different community life cycle stages and identifies ways to understand and predict the evolution of online communities.


Abstract THE possible inheritance of egg quality was recognized by Benjamin (1914) when he wrote "certain hens probably have an inherited tendency to produce eggs of inferior quality." With regard to interior quality, Holst and Almquist (1931) presented evidence that percentage of firm white in the egg is a characteristic dependent on the individual hen. Lorenz, Taylor, and Almquist (1934) illustrated this individuality further and demonstrated the inheritance of this character. They suggested that factors for low percentage of firm white were dominant to those for high percentage of firm white. This paper presents additional evidence on this point as well as data indicating a genetic basis for other characters affecting interior egg quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS The birds used were S.C. White Leghorns of the Cornell Experiment Station flock, and were fed and managed under uniform conditions. An all-mash ration was used. The determinations for these characters in the eggs . . .


The article makes an analysis of the proposals presented during the 5th World Social Forum, published in the website "Memoria Viva de los foros Sociales" (Live Memory of Social Forums) [www.memoria-viva.org], and of those exposed in the document "El llamamiento de los movimientos sociales a la movilizacion contra la guerra, el neoliberalismo, la explotacion y la exclusion por otro mundo posible" ("The calling of social movements to the mobilization against the war, the neoliberalism, the exploitation and the exclusion, for another possible world"). It makes evident the importance that the ability of combining the local with the global has to social change (like in the transnational coalition between the actors). Finally, it concludes with a proposal of global action.


We present a 3D foot model construction and alignment system. Given photos taken from different viewpoints on a foot, we first construct a 3D foot model by a structure from motion technique. A series of post-processes are proposed to eliminate construction noises, and the primary axes of the foot are determined to facilitate model scaling and alignment. By matching the constructed 3D foot model with the truth model, we show performance variations obtained from different subjects and at different parts. In most cases, the constructed 3D foot model is almost ready for commercial applications, such as online shoe shopping and recommendation.


Ycf1p is a member of the ATP‐binding cassette transporter family of membrane proteins. Strong sequence similarity has been observed between Ycf1p, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP). In this work, we have examined the functional significance of several of the conserved amino acid residues and the genetic requirements for Ycf1p subcellular localization. Biochemical fractionation experiments have established that Ycf1p, expressed at single‐copy gene levels, co‐fractionates with the vacuolar membrane and that this co‐fractionation is independent of vps15, vps34 or end3 gene function. Several cystic fibrosis‐associated alleles of the CFTR were introduced into Ycf1p and found to elicit defects analogous to those seen in the CFTR. An amino‐terminal extension shared between Ycf1p and MRP, but absent from CFTR, was found to be required for Ycf1p function, but not its subcellular localization. Mutant forms of Ycf1p were also identified that exhibited enhanced biological function relative to the wild‐type protein. These studies indicate that Ycf1p will provide a simple, genetically tractable model system for the study of the trafficking and function of ATP‐binding cassette transporter proteins, such as the CFTR and MRP.


Abstract : In this technical report, we report recent (FY2016) progress on the vertical Schottky diodes (SDs) on a bulk gallium nitride (GaN) substrate. The newly obtained functionality of the Micromanipulator P200L Semiautomatic Probing Station coupled with our existing Agilent 4155C Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer is also summarized. Vertical GaN SDs were fabricated on a true bulk single crystal GaN substrate grown using the ammonothermal growth technique. To investigate the electrical performance of the SDs as a function of diode size, circular diodes ranging from 50 to 300 m in diameter were fabricated and tested. Forward I-V results suggest that the sample has high resistivity as no forward conduction was observed for all devices tested. Additionally, results show variation in the diode breakdown voltage with diode size, but no clear trend between breakdown voltage and diode size was observed.


A new grating based beam-former is presented which can synthesise a large number of beams with the minimum number of interconnects. A partitioned WDM grating topology is also described which removes the frequency and beat noise limits, and results are presented for the ultimate capacity of grating true-time-delay beam-formers.


As the rapid development of internet and computer technique,the electronics resource is becoming more and more important for upgrading a library,which accounts for the significance and urgency for high efficient management of electronic resources.At present,achieving excellent management requires the overall consideration of resource collection,coordination,cooperation,configuration and navigation.


Actual continuity-true to identify the origins of the problems of modern Ukraine that will yelp socіal renewal and further progress.The problems of modern Ukraine, societies related to the posttotalitarian state, are analysed in the article. Process of transformation of the totalitarian mode in democratic runs into the row of problems: economic, defiant dissatisfaction of population; by the danger of recoil in the past from - for the presences of radical political forces; aspiring to national or to territorial sovereignty, from - after multinational composition of population; influences of other states, defeat sovereignty of Ukraine.


This paper considers the major factors of passenger flow distribution and the running cost of train, explains and demonstrates how to sove the problem of urban rail transit resource allocation. The paper at first constructs urban rail network assignment model in the multiple operating lines based on the k-shortest paths algorithm, then proposes the k shortest paths search algorithm, finally the effectiveness of the model and algorithm are verified with the data from the Beijing urban rail transit network.


Mining operations require water for their functioning directly and indirectly. Since a long time mining industry has been exploiting water without realizing the adverse impact it is having on the environment and the regional ecosystem. Acid mine drainage has become a major concern associated with mining. Water contamination has caused spread of many diseases and has caused loss of life. This situation requires to be addressed before damaging the environment more and risking the ecosystem with it. Analysis of water quality for all the water bodies around the mines must be done to determine the source, effect and remedies of the pollutants and contaminants. This study deals with the analysis of water sample collected from iron ore mines. Similar work has been carried out by Ghosh and Sen (1999).


THE AIMS AND METHODS OF THE RESEARCH ARE DESCRIBED: BIOMECHANICS DESCRIBES THE INJURY MECHANISM AND THE ALLOWABLE LOADINGS WHICH THE HUMAN BODY CAN SUSTAIN WITHOUT DAMAGE OR WITH DEFINED DAMAGE (HUMAN TOLERANCES, BIOMECHANICAL BOUNDARIES OR INJURY CRITERIA). IN INDIVIDUAL SECTIONS OF THE WORK THE FOLLOWING ARE TREATED: INJURY CRITERIA AND PASSENGER PROTECTION CRITERIA, THE PROTECTION OF THE HEAD, THE PROTECTION OF THE BREAST AREA, THE PROTECTION OF THE KNEE - THIGH - PELVIS REGION, SIMULATION OF CAR PASSENGERS, MATHEMATICAL PASSENGER MODELS, PHYSICAL PASSENGER MODELS (DUMMIES), THE DUMMY DEVELOPMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARD (FMVSS-DUMMY), THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE MEASUREMENT RESULTS AND THE GENERAL LIMITS OF PREDICTABILITY. FURTHER COMMENTS ARE TO BE EXPECTED FROM THE ACCIDENT ANALYSIS, AS TO WHETHER MEASUREMENTS FOR VEHICLE DEVELOPMENT WILL ACHIEVE THE SUCCESS AIMED AT.


To the Editor.— The recent article on litigation having to do with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 1 dealt with many aspects of AIDS-related discrimination. I was interested to note the many points put forward to obligate health care workers to treat AIDS patients: "The survey suggests that courts will legally enforce the professional obligation to treat HIV [human immunodeficiency virus]-infected patients" and "a decision not to treat... is likely to be viewed by the courts as medically unjustified and based on irrational fear or prejudice." The article then makes a strong case for why personnel infected with HIV may not treat patients. The American Medical Association's position is quite clear—a "physician who knows he or she is seropositive should not engage in any activity that creates a risk of transmission of the disease to others. 2 " The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs notes that "gloves cannot prevent penetrating


The paper analyses problems of Database System Application course teaching,ascertains contents of the course,puts forward some methods such as task-driven and hybrid learning to improve teaching effect.


A new type of sleeve monopole antenna with a choke structure for broadband applications is proposed in this letter. The antenna consists of a choke structure and a single-sleeve structure, which effectively broadens its impedance bandwidth. Meanwhile, the top-loading technique is applied to reduce the size. The proposed structure is designed, analyzed, and optimized. Parameters study is carried out for its working mechanism. The fabricated antenna is measured, and the measured results have good agreement with the simulated ones. The antenna shows the omnidirectional radiation with a broad impedance bandwidth ranging from 0.24 to 0.95 GHz. The proposed antenna has a potential application in wireless communication.


The use of aortic homografts in the treatment of aneurysmal or occlusive aortic disease is well established. 5,7,9,12,14,17 Experimental studies 1,2,11,16,18,19,21-23 concerning the long-term fate of arterial homografts in animals have shown a definite pattern of response—namely, the homograft serves well as an inert, nonviable blood-carrying conduit while undergoing a gradual process of degeneration and partial replacement by an invasive and circumferential growth of fibrous connective tissue from the host. Observations concerning the fate of human aortic homografts have been few. Gwathmey 13 has reported the occurrence of aneurysm formation due to subacute bacterial infection in a human aortic homograft five months after transplantation, and others 9 have expressed concern regarding the occurrence of late degenerative changes which have resulted in various complications. De Bakey, 6 in a study of 10 aortic homografts from 1 to 360 days after transplantation, observed that the human aortic homograft loses its structural identity


This study attempted to analysis the differences of organizational commitment by hairdressing business workers'' personal characteristics and determined the effects of their job characteristics on organizational commitment as organizational performance for beauty salon. And it aimed to prepare efficient management plans in order to solve the management problems of hairdressing business, focusing their job characteristics from aspects of human resource administration. For empirical analysis, a questionnaire survey was conducted among beauty salon employees in Gyeongsangnam-do, and the collected data were analyzed. The results found the following: First, the organizational commitment by hairdressing business workers'' personal characteristics was high in the following groups: 'age 40 or older', 'high school graduates', 'married' abd ''director''. And task significance, task identity, and autonomy of job characteristics had an effect on organizational commitment. In fact, compared to other factors, autonomy revealed the greatest influence on job satisfaction. The study results show that human resource management that comprehensively considers personal characteristics as well as job characteristics is essential in improving business performances by increasing employees' organizational commitment in the hairdressing business.


Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6 and SDG 3 in rural areas of Kazakhstan is a huge problem that the state must address as soon as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the state of the infrastructure and the quality of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services in rural hospitals. Methods The study was descriptive and included an analysis and assessment of the current situation on the ground. The analysis of the situation was based on the official data. The current services were assessed using an observational cross-sectional study based at the hospital of Abay district (49°37′52″ N 72°50′17″ E, 6725 km2) of Central Kazakhstan. Results The hospital in Abay district do not have a set of agreed WASH standards. When such standards exist, their implementation is limited by the lack of necessary conditions, sufficient funding or the interest of authorities. The budget of public health service is usually categorized by a disease group and covers expenditures for drugs and vaccines. The quality of WASH infrastructure in the hospital is poor due to deterioration or initial non-compliance with safety requirements. Investing in WASH infrastructure and its maintaining require effective intersectoral collaboration and financial resources. Another problem is the lack of motivation for improving WASH services among staff and managers of the hospital. If the former have no desire and knowledge in WASH due to their high workload, the latter often consider this problem insoluble and therefore do not want to spend their limited resources on it. Conclusions Thus, rural residents are at high risk of contracting and spreading COVID-19 due to deterioration of WASH infrastructure, non-compliance with requirements and insufficient funding of rural hospitals. Acknowledgement This research is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP09058465). Key messages The lack of data on WASH services in hospitals by region and on a nationwide scale is currently an obstacle to an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan. Fatal outbreaks and epidemics will continue until the WASH infrastructure and hygiene skills of the population improve at both the household and hospital's levels.


This article presents a 16-channel 5 GS/s time-interleaved (TI) SAR ADC for a direct-sampling receiver that employs a digital-mixing background timing mismatch calibration to compensate for timing-skew errors. It uses a first-order approximation to obtain the derivative of the autocorrelation of the input signal, subsequently used to evaluate the explicit amount of the timing-skew. Therefore, this allows a digital background calibration of the timing-skew, avoiding extra analog circuits. The proposed 16-channel TI ADC uses a splitting-combined monotonic DAC switching method for the individual SAR channel to achieve a trade-off of simple switching and small common-mode voltage variation of the comparator. The prototype, implemented in 28 nm CMOS, reaches a 48.5/47.8 dB SNDR with an input signal of 2.38/4.0 GHz after the proposed background timing mismatch calibration, respectively. Furthermore, the ADC core's power consumption is 29 mW sampling at 5 GS/s, with a Walden FoM of 26.7 fJ/conv.-step and a Schreier FoM of 157.9 dB.


Objective: The purpose of this prospective study is to verify whether fetal periventricular echodensity (PVE) precedes neonatal periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Methods: Fetal brains were studied with transvaginal scan in 63 high-risk fetuses from 17 to 32 weeks of pregnancy, PVE echogenicity was quantified with ultrasonic histogram, and neonatal brains and clinical courses were studied after birth. Results: No fetal cystic PVL was found, instead, fetal PVE was detected in 42 fetuses. The quantified echogenicity value was higher in PVE than in normal brain. Four cases developed neonatal PVL among 28 preterm and 1 among 14 term births. Neonatal PVL developed in the 23 cases of persistent fetal PVE, whereas no neonatal PVL was found when fetal PVE was negative or disappeared. Cord compression signs were common in PVL cases. Conclusion: Neonatal PVL was preceded by antepartum persistent fetal PVE in the present study.


The operation of random lasers (RLs) is possible due to multiple light scattering, which provides optical feedback inside the gain medium. No conventional optical cavity is required for the operation of RLs and, therefore, RLs provide the best evidence to defy the conventional view that disorder is an unwanted phenomenon when present in physical systems. Mirrorless lasers demonstrate that the degree of disorder, associated with the spatial distribution of scattering particles, is the main factor responsible for generating a light source with low spatial coherence; this is reason why RLs are so attractive for modern imaging systems. Here, we demonstrate how to optimize the performance of typical diffusive RLs by exploiting a different degree of randomness in the system, which is loaded onto an induced disorder in the transverse intensity and wave-vector distributions of the light pattern that pumps the random-lasing medium. Quantitative analyses show that the RL's intensity emission and threshold fluence can be optimized by more than 20 times, when excited by an optical field presenting a random spatial-intensity distribution, with high speckle contrast, becoming an efficient methodology to induce high photon degeneracy in RLs required for high sensitivity applications.


This paper describes a system dedicated to online handwritten sentence recognition. The prototype is made up of two basic processors. The first controls the data acquisition, pentip trace segmentation, letter identification. The second aims at identifying and correcting the words candidates by integrating syntactic and lexical information. Sentences are parsed to list the grammatical classes of each incorrect candidates then lexical query searches for words in a lexicon according to grammatical classes. A final decision is made using a string comparison algorithm. Tests of the complete system are reported at the end for a typical writer-dependent application.


Scutellaria baicalensis is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine for anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapy. The anticancer activity of Scutellaria baicalensis against prostate, breast, hepatocellular, colon and squamous cell carcinomas in vitro has been reported. In this study, we initially investigated its in vitro antitumor activities against 29 cancer cell lines including prostate, breast, ovarian, endometrial and pancreatic cancers as well as myeloid and lymphocytic leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas. The cells were cultured with Scutellaria baicalensis at a dose of 50 μg/ml for 4 days. The herb showed strong anti-proliferative activities against Blin-1 and Nalm-6 acute lymphocytic leukemia cells, Daudi Burkitt′s lymphoma cells and NCI-H929 myeloma cells as measured by MTT assays. Dose-response studies showed an ED50 of 8.32 μg/ml (Blin-1), 12.3 μg/ml (Nalm-6), 4.57 μg/ml (Daudi) and 5.01 μg/ml (NCI-H929) as measured by soft agar colony assay. Treatment with Scutellaria bacalensis at 50 μg/ml for 2 days induced apoptosis of 30% of Blin-1, 17% of Nalm-6, 20% of Daudi and 39% of NCI-H929 cells as measured by Annexin V assay. It also induced G2/M cell cycle arrest of Daudi cells. Scutellaria baicalensis also induced mitchondrial damage in 4 cell lines as measured by fluorescent emissions using the JC-1 assay. Protein expressions were examined by western blot using Blin-1 cells that were most sensitive to Scutellaria baicalensis. After treatment with 50 μg/ml of Scutellaria baicalensis for 2 days, levels of p27KIP1 increased by 152 % independently of p53, expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax increased by 208 %, and the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL decreased by 64 % and 38 %, respectively. Notably Scutellaria baicalensis decreased the expression of c-myc oncogene in a dose-dependent manner (80 % decrease at 50 μg/ml). Scutellaria baicalensis contains 21% of baicalin as measured by HPLC. The antiproliferative dose-response assays were repeated using baicalin and calculating the percent baicalin in the herb showed that the results nearly mirrored those of Scutellaria baicalensis, suggesting baicalin is the major anticancer component of this herb. We conclude that Scutellaria baicalensis inhibited the cell growth of B cell hematological malignancies including ALL, lymphoma, and myeloma in vitro by induction of apoptosis associated with mitchondrial damage and modulation of the Bcl family of genes. Thus, Scutellaria baicalensis and its major component, baicalin, should be tested in clinical trials for these hematological malignancies.


Changbai Mountain Manchu paper-cutting has been included in the National List of Immaterial Cultural Heritage.Tearing paper is an important part of paper-cutting.The original inheritance way is hand-mouth phase mass,now is mainly scat-tered and unbalanced,the school education is the new attempt of Manchu tearing paper.The teaching of tearing paper trains students to record the details of childhood life,grasp the traditional skills,and understand Manchu customs,which can promote the inheritance of folk arts.


Objective To study the effects of stem cell factor(SCF) and basic fibroblast growth factor(BFGF) on mesenchymal stem cell(MSC) in vitro.Methods Gradient centrifugation and adherent culture were used to get a great amount of NSC and then differentiation antigens were identified.SCF,BFGF or SCF+BFGF were added to the medium,and then,MTT test and the test of cell cycle were made to study cell proliferation.Results Both SCF and BFGF could enhance the proliferation with similar results.The combined use of SCF and BFGF produced no better results.Conclusion SCF and BFGF can enhance proliferation and therefore,can delay the regression of MSC in vitro to some degree.


The invention discloses a grounding device for a 10kv cable branch box, a ring main unit and a ring main box. The grounding device for the 10kv cable branch box, the ring main unit and the ring main box comprises an insulating operating rod, a conductor grip, a grounding wire and a grounding clip, wherein the insulating operating rod is connected with the conductor grip in a split mode, the conductor grip comprises a conductor grip body, a threaded connecting copper bush, a grounding terminal and an insulating operating rod connecting element. The threaded connecting copper bush is arranged at a first end of the conductor grip body, the grounding terminal is arranged in the middle of the conductor grip body in a sleeved mode, and is connected with the grounding wire, nuts are arranged on the conductor grip body and two sides of the grounding terminal in a sleeved mode, and the insulating operating rod connecting element is arranged at a second end of the conductor grip body. The grounding device for the 10kv cable branch box, the ring main unit and the ring main box can be in good connection with a conductive part in the 10kv cable branch box, a conductive part in the ring main unit, and a conductive part in a ring main box power transformation cable bin, grounding is safe and reliable, the problem of hanging of the grounding wire in the 10kv cable branch box is solved, the requirements, regulated in rules, of the grounding wire and hanging connection can be met, operation is convenient, labor intensity of constructors are really reduced, and effective guarantee is provided for construction safety.


—In today's highly competitive marketplace, advertisers strive to tailor their messages to specific individuals or groups, often overlooking their most significant clients. The Pareto principle, asserting that 80% of sales come from 20% of customers, offers valuable insights, imagine if companies could accurately forecast this vital 20% and recognize its historical significance. Predicting customer lifetime value (CLV) at this juncture becomes crucial in aiding firms to effectively prioritize their efforts. To achieve this, organizations can leverage predictive models and analytical tools to target specific customers with tailored campaigns, enabling well-informed decisions about advertising investments. By being aware of these segment transitions, advertisers can efficiently deploy resources and increase their return on investment. By implementing the strategies outlined in this study, businesses can gain a competitive edge by identifying and retaining their most valuable clients. The potential for growth and client retention is immense when anticipating changes in customer segments and adjusting advertising strategies accordingly. This paper provides a comprehensive methodology, tools, and insights to assist marketers in optimizing their advertising campaigns by anticipating customer lifetime value and actively predicting changes in client segmentation.


Viticulture is impossible without the use of chemical plant protection agents. Their use follows to ecological destabilization of ampelocenoses and constitutes real danger to human health. Last years there is a tendency to biologize the protection technologies that the relevance of studies of the influence of biopreparations on the quality of graps and wines. The article presents the results studies of fungicide action of the preparations Biocomposite-correct and Biocomposite-protect. Their high anti-mycotic activity (97-100%) against Trichothecium roseum and Botrytis cinerea has been established. The high efficiency in the control of grey rot on grapes cultivar Merlot showed a two-fold application of the Biocomposite-protect– the damage to grapes decreased by 2 times in comparison with the control and amounted to 0.3%. Using of biofungicides did not affect the of mush/must fermentation. The test wines were distinguished by a higher (by 13-28%) concentration of phenolic substances. The use of Biocomposite-protect followed to an increase of anthocyanins concentration (by 1.5 times) and the total dry extract (by 12%) in wines; decrease – of titratable acids; Biocomposite-correct – decrease the total dry extract (by 10%). Using of biological preparations for grape protection did not influence the organoleptic quality of wines.


A method for controlling a X-ray radiography system(10) includes acquiring data from a digital X-ray detector(22), characterizing electromagnetic interference based upon the acquired data, selecting an electromagnetic interference compensation algorithm based upon the characterized electromagnetic interference, acquiring X-ray imaging data(76) via the digital X-ray detector(22) based upon the selected electromagnetic interference compensation algorithm, and processing the X-ray imaging data(76) to produce image data(84) capable of reconstruction in a user viewable form.


Over the past decade much attention has been devoted to the study of process calculi such as CCS Mil80, Mil89], ACP BK84, BK88] and CSP Hoa88] as the foundations of a mathematical model for nondeterminism and concurrency. Of particular interest has been the study of the behavioural semantics of these calculi as given by transition graphs arising from structural operational semantics in the tradition originated by Plo81]. In this paper we survey recent developments and current trends within a new eld of study within process algebra, namely that of decidability issues for processes with innnite transition graphs. A particularly important question in process algebra as a whole is when processes can be said to exhibit the same behaviour. As a result, a plethora of behavioural equivalences exist today. The main rationale behind the various behavioural equivalences that have been proposed has been to capture behavioural aspects such as deadlock, livelock and causality that the language equivalence known from language theory does not take into account. For instance, consider the equality ab + ac = a(b + c)


This paper investigates the mean-square exponential synchronization issues of delayed stochastic complex dynamical networks with switching topology and impulsive control. By using the Lyapunov functional method, impulsive control theory, and linear matrix inequality (LMI) approaches, some sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the mean-square exponential synchronization of delay complex dynamical network with switch topology, which are independent of the network size and switch topology. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results in the end.


Abstract The ancient Talang Akar deepwater reservoir in South Sumatra Basin has never been intensively explored and distribution of the play is not fully understood. However, some indications of ancient deepwater sediments have been observed in the southern margin of Central Palembang Sub-basin. An integrated exploration technique involving analyses of wireline logs, biostratigraphy, petrography and outcrop, plus seismic and sequence stratigraphic interpretations has been applied to assess the possible presence of ancient Talang Akar deepwater deposits in the basin. However, the poor quality of the 2-D seismic vintages has limited direct observation of the reservoir distribution. There are two potential areas where Talang Akar deepwater sediments could be present in the basin: Central Palembang Sub-basin in the west, and Benakat Gully in the east. Possible sediment provenance for the deepwater sediments is the Lemat Formation rocks and/or older rocks on the local paleo-basement highs. This is consistent with the paleogeographical reconstruction of the Central Palembang Sub-basin during the Early Miocene lowstand phase. However, this is still speculative and requires further geological and geophysical research. The expected reservoir is sandstone, with a possibly wide range of rock properties and compositions. The tuffaceous content observed in the Central Palembang Sub-basin could be derived from the litharenite of the volcaniclastic affinity in the Musi Platform and Mambang High. The sediment sources in the Benakat Gully could possibly be from the quartz-rich sediments of the Talang Akar active delta system to the southeast and other coastal plain deposits surrounding the basin centers. The hydrocarbon potential of this Talang Akar deepwater play remains unknown. The source rocks are mature- to over-mature shales of Lemat and Talang Akar Formations. Results of basin modeling indicate that the sources entered oil window in the middle Lower Miocene and began generating gas in the Middle Miocene. The trap is mainly stratigraphic in combination with structure developed during the Late Miocene to Plio-Pleistocene orogeny. Intraformational deep marine shales provide the vertical seal. The structure is generally complex. Variation in fold and fault development is present as a result of Plio-Pleistocene regional compression tectonics.


ABSTRACT The polymer-ceramic composites are best known for their superior fracture toughness, fatigue resistance; wear resistance, higher strength retention at higher temperature, higher strength to weight ratio, higher hardness, thermal response, chemical inertness and corrosion resistance as compared to other composites like: metal matrix composites, ceramic matrix composites and concrete matrix composites. Some studies have reported 3D printing of functional and non-functional prototypes of polymer-ceramic composites for various engineering applications. But hitherto little has been reported on use of 3D printing techniques for rapid tooling (by selecting polymer ceramic composites) in machining of thermoplastic materials. This paper is a state of art review in progress made for various polymer-ceramic processing method, innovations in common ceramics (SiC, Al2O3, TiO2, glass fibre, carbon and their allotropes etc.) reinforced polymeric composites from application prospective. Further in this paper, a case study has been presented for development of polymer-ceramic composites as rapid tooling for machining of thermoplastics.


As far as education regarding intellectual property rights in universities and colleges of Guangxi is concerned,there exist lots of problems,such as there are few relevant courses,the courses are offered at lower level,there are no professional teaching teams and research centers,and there is no mechanism for professional support and talent cultivation. Therefore,teaching level should be improved to facilitate new development in Guangxi.


Biosimilars is a term used to describe officially-approved subsequent versions of innovator biopharmaceutical products made by a different sponsor following patent and exclusivity expiry on the innovator product. The purpose of this article is that an uncertainty over terminology on 'Biosimilars' has led to concerns about patient safety due to misleading published reports on its apparent ills. Therefore, a comparison is made among the different regulatory approvals globally with intend of achieving harmony in regulations and escalating entree to safe medicines globally. Every country should have a guideline for evaluation of Biosimilars, which should be a very similar approach to that described in the WHO guidelines. Some instances have occurred: A case of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) in later stages of adrenal disease patient associated with stimulation of antibodies to administered erythropoietin (EPO) was seen in India. The patient had taken the EPO product Wepox (Wockhardt Limited, India) that is referred to as a 'follow on' product. However, there is no evidence that this product has been approved using the comparability approach required in the EU for Biosimilarity and described in the WHO and other guidelines. [1] Biosimilar path approval, cleared by the U.S. Supreme Court ruling on June 28, 2012, swept the largest biologics market worldwide to vicious competition. Effective implementation of the Biosimilars pathway will be compared across multiple geographies in selected case studies. The significance of proper analytical data, stepwise approach, exclusivity period and origin of the reference product were discussed in this article. [2]


Naturally, we have heard the accusation that has arisen recentlythat Leo Strauss was really a furtive Nietzschean nihilist andatheist operating under the esoteric cover of discussions of NaturalRight and Revelation.1 Surprisingly, we also have an expandingliterature on Strauss as a ""Jewish thinker.""2 My position is thatStrauss was neither a Nietzschean nihilist nor a Jewish thinker. Hewas primarily trying to rethink the nature of philosophy and what itcould be in the future. This rethinking took on a ""political"" elementbecause Strauss saw philosophy in its origins as born out of aconfrontation between philosophy and the city. And in its presentsituation, Strauss saw philosophy as endangered by the modernlonging for the End of History and the abolition of the political thisimplied. Strauss's reflections on day to day political matters were nothis primary focus; those reflections were derivative from his primaryconcerns regarding the nature and future of philosophy.


As the head of the United Nations Special Commission (uNscoM), Richard Butler's leadership was the centre of much controversy. In his book, Butler takes the opportunity to place blame firmly on others for the woes and collapse of this unprecedented experiment with imposed disarmament by a UN organisation. Although the title of the book leads one to expect a broader discussion of disarmament, the assigning of blame begins on the second page and barely relents in the final chapter, which is dedicated to this broader topic. Weapons of mass destruction, the Security Council's disarmament requirements and the details of interaction between UNSCOM and Iraq constitute a complex and technical subject; Butler may be commended for avoiding the hazards of boring or confusing his audience because the book is very easy to read. One problem, however, with such a reader-friendly text is that its analysis suffers. Butler asserts that the Iraqi government employed the logic of an insurgent that sought 'to weaken UNSCOM through any tactical means' (p 97) but fails to elaborate. When he does discuss Iraqi tactics, he is prone to exaggeration or misinterpretation. For instance, he portrays experiments in developing a missile with a range close to the maximum permitted under Security Council Resolution 687 as a breakout effort and illegal. In fact, it was legal, and represented a test of the limits of UN restrictions and enforcement rather than a breakout. Meanwhile UN tactics receive scant attention. Because the tactics of both sides matter a great deal in explaining the disarmament mission's successes and failures,' it is unfortunate that the former head of UNSCOM fails to discuss and to analyse them. Rather than analysing the power relations between UNSCOM and Iraq, Butler is intent on addressing some of his many critics. But instead of countering multiple charges, Butler argues that the individual leading the organisation was irrelevant


Importance of inter-library loan service is stressed. Inter-library loan relations of the agricultural libraries is studied. The type and number of documents borrowed and lent is discussed including the response. Certain steps for effective inter library loan service are suggested


Objective: The endocannabinoid system plays an important modulatory role in brain physiology, pain sensation, appetite regulation, cardiovascular system, female reproductive system and the immune system. The endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors, anandamide (ANA) and 2-Arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) have been identified in various mammalian tissues. However, it difficult to quantify them accurately in blood and in tissues since these endogenous cannabinoids are found in small amount and they are metabolized very quickly. In order to quantify ANA and 2-AG from blood accurately, it was aimed (a) to determine pre-analytical conditions in blood sampling procedure, (b) to improve extraction process and quantification of ANA and 2-AG in plasma samples by HPLC, and (c) to determine storage conditions and period of these metabolites. Method: Rat blood samples were obtained by intra-cardiac puncture and centrifuged immediately. ANA and 2-AG plasma levels were determined with the PMB-Immobilized Beads Affinity Chromatography Method followed by HPLC analysis. Results: Immediate centrifugation at 0°C prevented artificial synthesis of ANA and 2-AG. Derivatization step using toxic chemicals was omitted. Furthermore, the volume of the plasma samples was decreased from 3 ml to 1 ml plasma. This may allow designing longitudinal rat studies without the termination of the animals. For the first time, it was shown that ANA and 2-AG could be stored as plasma and ethanol extracts for different time periods at -80°C at least for one week. Conclusion: The measurement protocol was simplified and safer. In addition, sample volume was decreased and storage conditions were optimized.


We use Wilsons weak coupling ``momentum'' shell renormalization group method to show that two-particle interaction terms commonly neglected in bosonization of one-dimensional correlated electron systems with open boundaries are indeed irrelevant in the renormalization group sense. Our study provides a more solid ground for many investigations of Luttinger liquids with open boundaries.


Liquid material to the nozzle n of the line-type ink-jet nozzles (2) arranged in a line (4) to discharge, it is shifted by 1 / n pitch of the nozzle 4, the nozzle pitch (P1) to position the place in parallel. As a result, the ink-jet head 1 as a whole is in a state such as that place the nozzle each the nozzle pitch of 1 / n of one line-type ink-jet nozzles (2). The ink-jet head


This pilot study examines noninvasive MR monitoring of tissue‐engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) in vivo using cells labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (hASMCs) were labeled with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles. The labeled hASMCs, along with human aortic endothelial cells, were incorporated into eight TEVGs and were then surgically implanted as aortic interposition grafts in a C.B–17 SCID/bg mouse host. USPIO‐labeled hASMCs persisted in the grafts throughouta3wk observation period and allowed noninvasive MR imaging of the human TEVGs for real‐time, serial monitoring of hASMC retention. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying noninvasive imaging techniques for evaluation of in vivo TEVG performance.— Nelson, G. N., Roh, J. D., Mirensky, T. L., Wang, Y., Yi, T., Tellides, G., Pober, J. S., Shkarin, P., Shapiro, E. M., Saltzman, W. M., Papademetris, X., Fahmy, T. M., Breuer, C. K. Initial evaluation of the use of USPIO cell labeling and noninvasive MR monitoring of human tissue‐engineered vascular grafts in vivo. FASEB J. 22, 3888–3895 (2008)


Summary The parasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (Muller, 1776) is described. A review of the hosts indicates that this species is primarily a parasite of members of the family Pleuronectidae although it has been recorded from representatives of ten other families of fishes. The geographical range of L. pectoralis includes the North Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the western part of the Baltic Sea and the White Sea. The similarities between Lepeophtheirus Nordmann, 1832 and Caligus Muller, 1785 are discussed and it is concluded that the only constant morphological discriminant between these two genera is the presence or absence of lunules.


Sovereignty as cultural practice can explain the possibility of the people as the subject of constituent power. I transpose Panu Minkkinen's division of theories of sovereignty onto the cultural plane: 'Acephalous' sovereign self-knowledge is not only productive of the framework for a legal constitution, but subjectivises 'autocephalous' sovereignty – the people as the subject of constituent power – that can then act on the 'heterocephalous' stage of politics. Through a case study of the armed occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, I consider sovereignty's relationship with land – juxtaposing it with neoliberalism and anti-statism, which threaten to undo the people as a subject of constituent power – and complicate this reading by placing it in the context of post-colonial America. I conclude that sovereignty not only remains a powerful counterforce to neoliberal, anti-democratic projects, but that alliances with the state to construct the people as the subject of constituent power can serve this purpose. At the same time, the post-colonial context undermines these alliances as an emancipatory force.


.......................................................................................................................................... ii Declaration ..................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements.........................................................................................................................iv Table of contents .............................................................................................................................v List of figures ....................................................................................................................................x List of tables .................................................................................................................................. xiv List of nomenclature ...................................................................................................................... xv Definition of angles ....................................................................................................................... xix Chapter


Automotive manufacturing consumes a huge amount of energy to operate its production lines. Several processes involve including zinc phosphate coating process, which is a process that commonly used in automotive industries to improve the corrosion resistance of the metal. The process required plenty of hot water supplied by the boiler. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is used to boil the water to produce thermal energy for the process. Although the LPG is crucial in the production of thermal energy but its release by-products such as carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted during the coating process due to the burning of the fossil fuel. The by-products contribute to global warming issues and produce waste to the environment. This research is present to design the energy efficiency best practices on the reduction of carbon footprint in automotive industries. A status quo to be referred to as baseline is determined, i.e. energy consumption and wastage by assessing the thermal requirement of the said manufacturing process. The data obtained is analysed to identify the best measures of energy efficiency. The thermal assessment method is used for data analysis to determine the potential saving of fossil fuels. Besides, pinch analysis assist in the determination of the process optimisation and system optimisation which lead to the reduction of operational cost and wastes as well as efficiently applying the heat during the coating process. Hence, the decreases in energy consumption reduce dependency on fossil fuels and wastes. Eventually, the application of best practices of energy-efficient measures diminishes the carbon footprint for the coating process in automotive industries.


Dynamic pricing is a pricing strategy where prices are no longer fixed or constant. Instead, they are continuously readjusted according to perceived demand and factors that influence the desirability of the product. It is in passenger transport where it has one of its biggest applications, in order to increase profits and maximize the use of limited capacity. While extensively studied for its economic uses, showing a very positive case for it from a corporative perspective, the social dimension of this phenomenon is not so explored. Existing research base the acceptance of this model on his widespread use and the benefits it poses to companies who employ it, who can count in this pricing system to maximize revenues and rationalize the use of the capacity they have.
This thesis aim to exploit and investigate the potential social consequences of this pricing model to travelers, through interviews with frequent travelers and a narrative analysis of the content. It does so by exploring the existing research on the topic, and using theories and concepts such as time geography, bounded rationality and justice in accessibility to identify other potential costs and
barriers to traveling than solely financial costs. The three main identified themes are as time availability, fairness and access to information. The conclusion after the interviews and their stories was that travelers feel disadvantaged by the lack of information available about how prices are set, meaning that it is difficult to take decisions. Meanwhile, while dynamic pricing does have an impact on how some travelers use their time, leading to trips that are longer and less logical that they could be, users do not feel the system is in principle unfair and
discriminatory to them


Language endangerment studies focus on languages rather than dialects. There are relatively few studies of dialect death. We are interested to know what endangerment looks like when studied at the level of dialect. Can one dialect be threatened while another is vigorous? Can dialects be threatened, but in different ways? To shed some light on such issues, this article looks at a number of geolinguistic research studies of the Betawi language and its dialects. The Betawi language is an indigenous, regional language of Indonesia, spoken by several million people in and around the greater Jakarta area. It is currently threatened. The language, is Malay-based. It has two dialects and there is also a subdialect, Betawi Ora. The present review of geolinguistic studies of Betawi helps identify where the language and its dialects are used, provides evidence for language and dialect shift operating at the level of dialect, and also shows what the main forces driving language shift or language loss are. Furthermore, the use of a consistent, empirical methodology across all the studies provides a diachronic perspective on geographical variation from between 1978 up to 2015. Three of the studies in particular paint a diachronic picture of language change in Bekasi over a period of thirty years that raises questions about the theory that the rate of language change is constant.


The composition and carbohydrate structure of hemicelluloses namely branan ferulate isolated from maize bran has been determined. This novel polysaccharide material is the base polysaccharide of Sterigel®, a Seton Scholl preparation which is being used successfully as a wound management aid. The structure of the polysaccharide was determined by methylation followed by GC-MS analysis, and 1 H- and 13 C-NMR spectroscopic analysis. It was shown to be composed of a (1 → 4)-β-D-xylan backbone substituted with a variety of side-chain components, such as single α-D-glucuronic acid residues (via an α-D-G1cA-(1 → 2)-linkage to the xylan backbone), single α-L-arabinose residues (via α-L-Araf-(1 → 2)- and/or α-L-Araf-(1 → 3)-linkages to the xylan backbone) and longer chains of 2-3 monosaccharide residues containing arabinose, xylose and galactose (in the form α-D-Galp-(1 → 4)-β-D-Xylp-(1 → 2))-α-L-Araf, linked to the xylan backbone via α-L-Araf-(1 → 2)- and/or α-L-Araf-(1 → 3)-linkages). In addition to the carbohydrate, non-carbohydrate moieties such as hydroxycinnamic acids and some proteins, detected using scanning UV spectroscopy (190-450 nm), are present in the branan ferulate. The hydroxycinnamic acids appear to be bound to the polysaccharide chains via ester linkages between their carboxylic acid groups and the C-5 hydroxyl group of a proportion of the α-L-Araf residues, the location of which are detailed above. Predominantly trans-ferulic acid (0.38% w/w), and small amounts of cis-ferulic acid (0.06% w/w) and trans-p-coumaric acid (0.02% w/w) were extracted with ethyl acetate after hydrolysis using 2M NaOH and identified using GC and GC-MS. Hydrolysis with an aryl ester hydrolase (EC 18.104.22.168) was carried out to confirm the presence of the ferulate ester linkages. HPLC results confirmed that the ferulic acid is released by the enzyme (0.25% w/w). GPC analysis using UV (280 nm) and RI detection confirmed that the ferulic acid was bound to the polysaccharide chain since the distributions directly overlapped, indicating the presence of little or no free ferulic acids. Indeed, free ferulic acid contents of <0.02% w/w were determined in extracts of solid branan ferulate and an aqueous solution of branan ferulate, by HPLC.


The present invention provides a method for the separation of levulinic acid from biomass hydrolyzate, the method comprising the use of a substituted benzene as extraction with an organic solvent, the substituted benzene comprising: (i) at least one OR1 group, wherein R1 is H or CH3 ; and (ii) at least one C1-3 alkyl group, each of at least the ortho position wherein at least one OR1 group is a C1-3 alkyl group. Use of the substituted benzene to provide a good rate of extraction as the extraction solvent, extraction can be carried out advantageously at elevated temperature, and is very suitable for the subsequent distillation step.


Using the mapping of science,the research fronts of engineering management were investigated and analysed by using information visualization tool CiteSpace.The research fronts in the field of engineering management were listed:the object-oriented modeling language,product development activities,corporation reengineering,quality management,innovation management,and so on.Furthermore,the Chinese high frequency


BACKGROUND
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors have the ability to interfere with various intracellular pathways, reducing cell survival and proliferation. They have become an attractive tool for cancer therapy, namely acute leukemias. In this work, we have studied the efficacy of α-hydroxyfarnesylphosphonic acid (α-HFPA) in CEM (acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia) in culture.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
CEM cells were incubated with α-HFPA at different concentrations; viability and proliferation studies were performed using the trypan blue exclusion assay and cell morphological analysis. Expression of lamin A/C, cyclin D1 and BAD were analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTS
Our results show that α-HFPA significantly decreases Farnesyltransferase activity, reduces cell proliferation and induces cell death through apoptosis in CEM cells, which is correlated with a reduction of cyclin D1 levels.

CONCLUSION
This study suggests that α-HFPA blocks the cell cycle and induces cell death through apoptosis in CEM cells and may be a therapeutic approach in ALL.


In recent years, a rising number of German Muslim associations initiated representative mosque projects, which are highly contested in the German society. In these conflicts, provisos of local residents against Muslim prayer houses in their neighbourhoods often intermingle with prejudiced discourses about mosques as visual signs of Islam. This article critically examines mosque debates as targets of right -wing populist propaganda, but also as opportunities to question commonly held prejudices against Muslims and to deepen the systemic inclusion and democratic participation of immigrants.


A new Danish trade union confederation Fagbevægelsens Hovedorganisation (FH) formally came into being on 1 January 2019, following the amalgamation of the two largest trade union confederations in Denmark. The Trade Union Confederation Denmark (LO), which represented trade unions organising skilled and unskilled workers in primarily the private sector, merged with FTF, which organised primarily salaried employees in the public sector. The new trade union confederation represents 1.1 million employees. That the merger actually succeeded this time was due to specific matches in the positions and interests of the large trade union federations within LO and FTF. Some member organisations – mainly from within FTF and the public sector trade unions – wanted to strengthen the Danish trade union movement (including their own position) with the aim of gaining political power. Others – mainly within the LO – saw the union merger as an opportunity to solve specific financial challenges faced by the existing confederations. In the end, some sceptical FTF unions opted out of the merger, but the large majority of unions have embraced the formation of FH. Below, we identify the main changes resulting in the successful formation of the new FH. In largely chronological order, we analyse the positions of the large trade unions in relation to the two main motivations for the merger: to strengthen the trade union movement's position of power and to counter declining membership and the ensuing financial difficulties. These motivations are in line with the findings of previous research on union mergers as a way to achieve renewal and counter challenges (Murray, 2017; Navrbjerg and Larsen, 2018). Furthermore, we describe the scepticism towards the merger among parts of the trade union movement, which has resulted in some unions breaking away. Finally, we present some conclusions and perspectives regarding the new confederation FH.


Advertisement tax is a levies that local districts / cities on the implementation of the billboard. Advertising Tax convening aims to help improve the original income in order to carry out the development and care of the household own areas. In fact in the implementation of policy implementation have not been fully able to bring results in line with the target set. The focus of this research is the Implementation Regulations of Law 6 of 2011 about the advertisement tax in Semarang as the locus of research. This study uses theory implementation proposed by George Edward III, Meter and Horn theory and the theory of Grindle. This type of research is explanatory research that examines the influence between variables with hypothesis testing. The unit of analysis is the implementing agency personnel policy the implementation Regulations of Law 6 of 2011 about the advertisement tax in Semarang related (Employee field of local taxes). A representative sample use Proportional Random Sampling technique by taking 30 respondents. Statistical testing to measure the accuracy of instruments questions using validity and reliability test. hypothesis testing using the formula Kendall Rank Correlation Coefficient with Z Significance Tests with SPSS method and coefficient of determination.. The research proves that there is a positive and significant relationship between attitudes to the implementation Regulations of Law 6 of 2011 about the advertisement tax in Semarang by 11.4% relationship. There is a positive and significant relationship between communication with the implementation Regulations of Law 6 of 2011 about the advertisement tax in Semarang by 16.4% relationship. These results indicate that the hypothesis proposed in this study received. Based on the research, in order to achieve the successful Implementation Regulation 6 of 2011 about the advertisement tax, DPKAD Semarang need to conduct more intensive training to officers and providing extension or a more intensive socialization to taxpayers.


123 5. Fano codes. Fano proposed a suboptimal procedure for constructing a source code, which is similar to the idea of slice codes. In his method we first order the probabilities in decreasing order. Then we choose k such that k i=1 p i − m i=k+1 p i is minimized. This point divides the source symbols into two sets of almost equal probability. Assign 0 for the first bit of the upper set and 1 for the lower set. Repeat this process for each subset. By this recursive procedure, we obtain a code for each source symbol. This scheme, although not optimal in general, achieves L(C) ≤ H (X) + 2. (See [282].) 5.8 OPTIMALITY OF HUFFMAN CODES We prove by induction that the binary Huffman code is optimal. It is important to remember that there are many optimal codes: inverting all the bits or exchanging two codewords of the same length will give another optimal code. The Huffman procedure constructs one such optimal code. To prove the optimality of Huffman codes, we first prove some properties of a particular optimal code. Without loss of generality, we will assume that the probability masses are ordered, so that p 1 ≥ p 2 ≥ · · · ≥ p m. Recall that a code is optimal if p i l i is minimal. Lemma 5.8.1 For any distribution, there exists an optimal instantaneous code (with minimum expected length) that satisfies the following properties: 1. The lengths are ordered inversely with the probabilities (i.e., if p j > p k , then l j ≤ l k). 2. The two longest codewords have the same length. 3. Two of the longest codewords differ only in the last bit and correspond to the two least likely symbols.


Hutti gold mine, located in the Archaean Hutti-Maski greenstone belt, is one of the major gold producing mines in India. Gold mineralisation is associated with parallel to sub-parallel, steeply dipping auriferous quartz veins localised in a major shear zone in the western segment of the greenstone belt. Coarse and fine grained vesicular metabasalts of Buddinne Formation are the host for auriferous lodes reflecting a litho-stratigraphic control. The present study deals with geostatistical modelling for Hutti gold mineralisation, keeping in view the various controls of mineralisation and geological setting. The geostatistical modelling carried out for gold accumulation and width of mineralisation from underground drives and cross-cuts at 18 th , 19 th and 20 th levels of Strike Reef reveal a positively skewed 2-parameter lognormal distribution fit. Semi-variogram modelling for gold accumulation reveal a high nugget effect and a moderate continuity with a small range of influence and that for width, a moderate to high nugget effect and a moderate continuity with a small range of influence. These spatial parameters reflect the erratic nature of gold mineralisation. Block value estimation has been carried out employing 3-D kriging technique. The results of block kriging have been used to compute an ore inventory for the three levels and to establish grade-tonnage relationships estimating the (i) quantity of ore, gold metal and waste; (ii) average grade of ore above a series of alternative cutoff grades; (iii) waste-to- ore ratio following a step-wise integration of the block grade frequency distribution over a range of grades. These estimates then form a sound foundation for mine decisions.


Characteristics of catamaran ship which has deficiency to ship stability during maneuvering. to that end, this paper concerns about ballast system design in support of the safety and comfort of passengers on the catamaran boat. the discussion is done by creating a mathematical model of each component in the block diagram of the ballast system. then determine the pid value of the system and add the compensator for the system to run stable. further analyzed with the help of matlab software to get transient system response. with the automation system on the ballast system, it is expected that the motion of the ship can work automatically and provide a better response in the stability of the catamaran type ship. the ballast system begins to work against the tilt of the ship at 6.7 seconds at a certain angle, and will continue to work during the vessel maneuvering. judging from the 6.7 second system response time, the convenience of the passengers is not disturbed (the system response is not too fast). one way to reduce the rolling that occurs on the ship is to optimize the performance of the ballast system. performance optimization is done by using programmable logic controller (plc). plc used is omron cpm1a-30cdr-a-v1. the process is done by making the installation plant model of the ballast system as a control medium. followed by creating a control circuit consisting of wiring i / o, limit switch circuits, power supplies and programming languages associated with plcs. the result of the control is expected to regulate fluid flow in the ballast system automatically resulting in a rapid response to the stability of the ship.