Objetive:To evaluate the application value of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) on the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax.Methods:The clinic data of 5 patients undergone VATS and 16 patients with TH were compared.Results:The operative time in VATS group was from 25 to 120min,the averaged time was 80min,and the average hospital day was 10 days.and the average time was 40~90min in TH group,the average time was 60min,the average hospital day was 11 days.Follow-up survey 3 months~4 years,there was no recurrence.Conclusions:The conservative treatment is the main therapeutic method for Spontaneous Pneumothorax while video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a preferred method for persistent or recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax.


This study focuses on particulate-bound Hg (Hg[p]) composition (ng/g) (defined as ng/g), concentrations (ng/m3) and dry deposition (ng/m2*min) variations for PM18, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0. Three characteristic sampling sites collected 1-day ambient suspended particles during November and December 2010 using MOUDI-100S4 samplers. Additionally, Hg(p) size distributions are also characterized. Composition variations of Hg(p) in PM18 were in the order of 0.158 ± 0.055 ng/g (Quan-xing sampling site) > 0.086 ± 0.097 ng/g (Hung-kuang sampling site) > 0.083 ± 0.065 ng/g (Gao-mei sampling site). Further, composition variations of Hg(p) in PM10 were in the order of 0.115 ± 0.038 ng/g (Quan-xing site) > 0.107 ± 0.080 ng/g (Gao-mei site) > 0.103 ± 0.060 ng/g (Hung-kuang site). Composition variations of Hg(p) in PM2.5 were in the order of 0.885 ± 0.423 ng/g (Quan-xing site) > 0.458 ± 0.105 ng/g (Gao-mei site) > 0.372 ± 0.157 ng/g (Hung-kuang site). Finally, composition variations of Hg(p) in PM1.0 were in the order of 0.913 ± 0.441 ng/g (Quan-xing site) > 0.698 ± 0.293 ng/g (Hung-kuang site) > 0.508 ± 0.270 ng/g (Gao-mei site). The Hg(p) size distribution peaked at 1.0 μm at the Quan-xin site, and the lowest average Hg(p) size distribution was 18 μm at the Hung-kung site. The main possible sources for atmospheric particulate-bound mercury Hg(p) were likely from transportation, chemical plant and fossil fuel combustion (Fang et al., 2011). In addition to the above findings, other possible nearby sources at Taichung Thermal Power Plant (TTPP) and Central Taiwan Science Park (CTSP) were: steel industry, electronic industry, plastic industry, chemical industry, basic metal manufacturing, machinery manufacturing, coal products and petroleum. Our sampling sites were in the regions of all of the above sources.


This experimental psycholinguistic study tried to gain insight into the organization of bilinguals' L1 and L2 mental lexicons. It aimed to establish whether (a) adult native speakers of Tunisian Arabic's responses to L1 cue words are predictable and homogeneous, (b) individuals are consistent in their L1 and L2 word association profiles, (c) there is a relationship between L2 proficiency and the degree of proximity between individuals' L1 and L2 word association profiles, and (d) there is a relationship between L2 proficiency and the potential L1 interlingual mediation in the production of L2 associative responses. Participants were 40 Tunisian Master students of English. Qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were used; a proficiency test, two word association tests in L1 and L2, a lexical decision task, and a retrospective interview were used. Implications for Word Association (WA) research and L2 language learning and teaching are drawn from the findings. findings supported the Revised Hierarchical Model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994); among less proficient participants, an L1 priming effect from the L2 association task was found. This suggested that only "less" proficient students" L2 responses to the L2 word association task were mediated by their L1 translation equivalents. This study showed that this mediation was caused by lexical activation rather than conceptual activation. The present study follows a similar line of thought to Fitzpatrick"s (2007, 2009) and to Fitzpatrick and Izura (2011). But, it differs from them in the sense that it is in a Tunisian context.


Whereas diffusion NMR can probe the structural configurations of microscopic environments in biological tissue, relaxation can provide complementary information mainly related to their chemical composition. This chapter considers experiments in which diffusion and relaxation properties are sampled simultaneously by varying multiple acquisition parameters. As such, correlations between the diffusion and relaxation can be established, providing an altogether more complete picture of heterogeneous tissue.


Let's make three assumptions. First, we shouldn't support factory farms. Second, if animal-friendly agriculture lives up to its name— that is, if animals live good lives (largely free of pain, able to engage in species-specific behaviors, etc.) and are slaughtered in a way that minimizes suffering—then there is nothing intrinsically wrong with killing them for food. Third, animal-friendly agriculture does, in fact, live up to its name. Given these assumptions, it might seem difficult to criticize individuals who source their animal products from "animal-friendly" agricultural operations. However, I argue that they should drastically reduce their support for animal-friendly agriculture because it isn't scalable—i.e., if we were to switch to that form of agriculture, most people would be priced out of its products. I say that it's wrong to support a solution to a moral problem without sharing its costs. Bob Fischer Texas State University


Fintech DANA is currently used for non-cash transactions due to the convenience and practicality of transactions offered by service providers. However, it is currently unknown to what extent the success of the electronic wallet that has been implemented and there are still problems such as loss of balance, failure to top up balances and the features of the DANA application that are still poorly understood. One of the determining factors for the success of a system that is implemented is from the side of user acceptance, namely behavioral intention (user interest) and use behavior (user behavior). The purpose of this study was to find out what factors could influence the Behavioral Intention and Use Behavior of DANA Fintech Users towards private workers in the city of Denpasar. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach, distributing online questionnaires, and analyzing data processing using SPSS version 25 and SmartPLS 3.0 software. the results of the 12 (twelve) hypotheses proposed, 7 (seven) hypotheses were declared insignificant and rejected because the T-statistical value of the hypothesis was less than 1.96, while 5 (five) hypotheses were declared significant and accepted because the T-statistical value of the hypothesis is more than 1.96. The results of this study are expected to be one of the considerations in making decisions for electronic wallet service providers to be implemented more optimally.


A model to correct for the size and time (frequency) scale variations of measured mechanical properties is presented. We show by comparing field data and laboratory data that large effects can occur. It follows that large errors can result from not making corrections to small size and/or high frequency measured values before using them in applications. The proposed model uses mathematically well-defined effective discontinuity distributions in the rock and a relatively small, measurable parameter set. The model does not use purely empirical correlations, and therefore may be portable and accurate over larger extrapolation ranges. Log and core measurements for velocities and moduli should be adjusted before using them in applications such as in-situ stress estimation, hydraulic fracture design, wellbore stability or formation integrity calculations, and large-scale long-term formation deformation predictions.


Role-based access control (RBAC) models specify a policy interface for security administration, but do not provide guidelines for how large organisations should manage their roles. Parameterised RBAC systems are even more expressive; however, this adds to the risk of dangerous mistakes during policy specification. In this paper we define a formal model for hierarchical policy contexts: an RBAC meta-policy approach for subdividing the administration of large-scale security environments and for enforcing information flow restrictions over policies.


Authorizes an experimental program under the Social Security Act to provide for care for elderly individuals in their own homes.


Aiming at the problem of limited payload and endurance of micro-UAV, the target tracking algorithm based on monocular vision is proposed. Since monocular vision cannot directly measure distance between the UAV and the target, triangulation and triangle similarity are used to calculate the distance information. Then, a target tracking method based on Kalman filter and KCF is designed. The tracking result of KCF is modified by Kalman filter to solve the problem of target occlusion. Finally, the position of the target in the world coordinate system is calculated through the coordinate transformation matrix, which is used to control the UAV for tracking the moving target. In order to verify the feasibility of the algorithm, target size estimation and target tracking algorithms are carried out. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can track the moving target effectively under the condition of short-term occlusion.


Couples with relationship problems during pregnancy and after the birth of their first child may be reluctant to seek help and, even if they want help, have to surmount many barriers, both their own and those created by health professionals. The emphasis on evidence-based practice in the NHS and current divorce statistics in the UK have led to a rash of support schemes for new parents and of trainings for health professionals in the detection of, and appropriate interventions in, relationship and sexual problems. Internationally there is a wide body of evidence that the transition to parenthood is a serious drain on the emotional, physical and material resources of a substantial number of couples and potentially a trigger of discontent for mother and father, with detrimental consequences for parents and baby. This paper explores the factors contributing to decline in relationship quality for new parents in the light of healthcare initiatives and socio-economic changes, including the changing roles of men, who have been largely ignored in studies of prenatal and postnatal sexuality. It highlights the complexity of first-time parents' experience in the 21 months following conception.


This study examined differences between the college experiences of students with and without repeated policy violations. The College Student Experiences Questionnaire (CSEQ) was used to survey 60 male students (30 disciplinary students; 30 nondisciplinary students) from a mid-sized public university. Six college experience variables were investigated: involvement with faculty, courses, the student union, clubs and organizations, personal acquaintances, and student acquaintances. Perceptions of the college environment, opinions about college, and estimates of gains from the college experience were also examined. Significant differences were found in students' involvement with student acquaintances and in their perceptions of the college environment. Since its inception, the student affairs profession has been charged with managing students' out-of-class behavior, including responding to student misbehavior (Van Kuren & Creamer, 1989). In recent years, this role has intensified as campus alcohol violations alone have more than doubled (Dannells, 1991), and the incidence of campus disciplinary problems associated with alcohol consumption has increased significantly (Hanson & Engs, 1992). Despite this legacy of responsibility for campus discipline, and despite longstanding awareness that a substantial portion of learning occurs during the 70% of students' time spent outside of the classroom (Boyer, 1987; Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1990), little research has focused on the out-of-class experiences of students who repeatedly violate campus disciplinary policies. Out-of-class experiences are formed through participation in activities and events that are not part of the formal curriculum but nevertheless influence student learning and development. Such experiences include participation in student residences, social organizations and clubs, recreational sports, internships and other employment opportunities, community service, and outof-class interactions with faculty (Kuh et al., 1991). During the past decade, researchers have documented the relationship between specific out-of-class experiences and desired college outcomes, including students' personal development (Kilgannon & Erwin, 1992), intellectual orientation (Terenzini, Springer, Pascarella, & Nora, 1995), learning (Anaya, 1996), and cognitive development (Pascarella et al., 1993). Similarly, relationships between specific out-of-class experiences and negative college outcomes, such as binge drinking (Wechsler, Dowdall, Davenport, & Castillo, 1995; Wechsler, Kuh, & Davenport, 1996) and alcohol-related personal and academic problems (Engs, Diebold, & Hanson, 1996), have been well documented in the research literature. However, few published studies have explored the relationship between out-of-class experiences and disciplinary involvement. Examining differences between the experiences of students with repeated disciplinary violations (disciplinary students) and the experiences of students without disciplinary violations (nondisciplinary students) may increase understanding of the factors contributing to disciplinary students' propensity to violate campus policy. To date, most research in this area has attempted to differentiate the demographic characteristics of disciplinary students from those of nondisciplinary students. One of the first published studies (Williamson, Jorve, & Lagerstedt-Knudson, 1952) reported that a disproportionate number of disciplinary students (approximately 72%) were men. This study also revealed that first-year students were over-represented when compared with their representation in the overall university population. In the years to follow, several additional studies supported these findings (Bazik & Meyering, 1965; Cummins, 1966). Studies conducted by Kaiser and Britton (1967) and Leaning (1970) further differentiated between disciplinary and nondisciplinary students, revealing that disciplinary students were more likely to belong to fraternities. …


In this study, we evaluate the different biological activities of Artemisia annua L., locally known as "Moureh", in various altitudes in North of Iran, which has been used as sedative, fever few, anti inflammation, insecticide and anti infection to treat many current diseases. Parts of plants were collected from two different localities (23-1000 m) in Mazandaran province, North of Iran. The most important of secondary metabolites of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and total anthocyanin (TA) content of extracts were investigated by spectrophotometry method and their antioxidant activity were obtained by Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Reducing Power (RP) and 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH). The essential oils were obtained by hydro distillated in a Clevenger-type apparatus for 5h and analyzed by GC/MS. Results indicate that the main components in essential oils were identified as Artemisia ketone (25.54- 13.6%), followed by 1,8-cineole (11.98-13.26%), camphor (11.8913.68%), α-pinene (10.11-9.29%) in AFRACHAL (1000m) and DOLAT ABAD (23m) regions , respectively. TP content had significant variation in different plant parts and regions, ranging from (11.22 to 16.94) mgGAEg -1 , TF content (11.62 to 63.74) mgQUE g -1 and quantity of TA (0.03 to 3.59) mgCGEg -1 .The highest contents of secondary metabolites were found in aerial parts when compared with the other parts. Amount of antioxidant activity (IC50) in various parts of A. annua L. was measured (1.98 to 4.2) in DPPH, (7.07 to 7.46) in TAC and (5.26 to 8.04) in RP methods. In general, the highest contents of activities were found in aerial parts when compared with the other parts, whereas this part with the highest amount of IC50 had the weakest antioxidant activity.


Post-9/11 there have been many changes to Canadian military practices both domestically and internationally. In Yellow Ribbons: The Militarization of National Identity in Canada, McCready sets out to contextualize the cultural "shift" of an increasingly militarized Canada as reflected in Canadian national identity. An overarching theoretical framework for this book is not specifically laid out, but the idea of national identity ties each chapter together. Through consideration of both military support campaigns and radio/television productions, McCready argues that Canada's peacekeeping history is used to justify current imperialist military practices. A motivation for this project stems from a concern that campaigns and cultural productions have shifted in focus from supporting soldiers to validating military spending. Contextualizing military practices within an environment of Canadian multiculturalism, McCready distinguishes between 1) state 'militarism,' the belief in the funding, maintenance, and support of militaries and armaments, and 2) 'militarization,' a deep and cultural process through which society adheres to the significance of militarism. The author analyses both ideologies in connection with neoliberalism, race, and gender. McCready acknowledges that this book may be received as unsupportive of the troops, and is upfront regarding its controversial content. The topic of war and military service can be polarizing, but McCready successfully addresses a wide-range of stances on military support and spending and explains there, at times flawed, logic. McCready ends the introductory chapter with a brief reference to the notion of "make live or let die" and "protofacism," neither of which are carefully defined, explained, or contextualized. Key ideas such as


Orientation: The determination of a threshold capital structure and company specific attributes as predictors of choice between distribution strategies is crucial in the creation of shareholders' wealth.Research aim: To investigate whether the change in regimes given a threshold capital structure maximises distribution strategies over the period 1990–2017 and 1999–2017. In addition, the study examined how the capital ratio and company specific attributes were used in the process of choosing between distribution strategies.Motivation for the study: The need to determine the impact of the capital ratio within different regions on distribution strategies motivated this study. In addition, the majority of studies on predictors of choice between distribution strategies have ignored the dual and the no distribution policy alternatives relative to share repurchases.Research approach/design and method: all the data used in this research were sourced from the Iress data bases. The research employed an advanced panel threshold regression estimation and a multinomial logistic regression (pooled and fixed effects using the generalised structural equation model).Main findings: Firstly, over the period 1990–2017 the empirical results revealed the existence of a single threshold effect between the debt-to-equity ratio and the dividend payments, and a double threshold effect between the total debt based on the book value and the dividend payment. Secondly, the choice between distribution strategies was driven by company specific attributes.Practical/managerial implication: These findings provide useful insights to South African managers for formulating and maximizing pay-out decisions.Contribution/value-add: The study contributes to the scant body of knowledge on the effect of threshold capital ratio and company specific attributes on distribution strategies.


Since 2009, all Russian students have had to pass the EGE (Unified State Exam), which serves as both school finals and university entrance examinations. The EGE was planned as an efficient instrument to counter corruption in university admission and to promote student mobility. Since its inception, the EGE has only fulfilled half of these goals: while mobility has increased significantly, corruption persists. The paper explains some of the reasons for this.


In construction and destruction of buildings and industrial plants, an excavator is widly used. In addition, the excavator is used for processing of rubble at the time of a serious accident. In such cases, the excavator is required a quick work. Then, the burden on operators becomes large by especially vibration of the excavator. Therefore, the purpose of this study is research and development of vibration control device for excavators. In order to suppress uncomfortable vibrations such as mechanical vibration, wind vibration and traffic vibration, a Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is most commonly used. Usually the TMD is tuned by using optimal design formula. This formula uses weight and stiffness of the control target. However the tuning violated if weight and stiffness of control target are varied. In order to solve this problem, a Multiple Tuned Mass Damper (MTMD) is proposed in this study. The MTMD consists of a primary mass and several secondary masses. The secondary masses are placed on the primary mass in series, and its weight ratio to the primary mass is about 5%. The effective target frequency range of vibration control can be widened by applying the secondary masses. This paper describes MTMD, and the investigation into vibration control performance for excavators by simulation and experiment.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


The ruthenium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of electron-rich amino-substituted acetophenones is reported. Variation of the reductant, ligands, base, and solvent allowed reaction optimization. A key discovery was the use of 1,4-butanediol as an irreversible reducing agent, which significantly improved the conversion. A range of amino- and amido-substituted aryl ketones were explored, and they all gave the corresponding alcohols in good yield, which demonstrates the wider applicability of this process.


Vital to your job hunting campaign is a good resume, once you have decided to sell yourself to your prospective employer. A resume is a written summary of your qualifications (some call it a personal data sheet). Although somewhat formal in setup, mainly for quick reading and reference purposes, the resume is an essential sales instrument. It usually includes a statement of your previous employment record (work experience), education, and other information that may help you to obtain the required job. You can emphasize in it those events and accomplishments that make you look good to a prospective employer. You may write a covering letter of application before it. These documents may be transmitted via the Internet for immediate attention and response. It may also call Digital Resume whose detailed discussion is going to be made in this paper.


This study deals with a new integrated control sys-tem using active torque vectoring (ATV) and electronic stability control (ESC) for enhancement of vehicle directional stability and steerability. In this system, the stabilizing yaw moment is calculated using a novel constrained nonlinear controller with both input and state constraints. The proposed controller is designed using the prediction of continuous nonlinear vehicle model. It guarantees the vehicle directional stability by restricting the side slip angle in the admissible range when the yaw rate tracks its desired response for improved steerability. The calculated yaw moment is generated as driving and braking forces by integrated ATV and ESC systems. According to the integration policy, the required yaw moment is initially generated by ATV in the rear wheels to keep the vehicle driving performance. Because of limitation of ATV, if more yaw moment is required, the ESC system applies asymmetric braking pressure to front wheels to compensate the scarcity of ATV. By the proposed strategy, the small reduction of vehicle velocity is achieved and the vehicle drivability performance is maintained. In order to determine the full capacity of ATV, the active differential dynamics is considered in this paper. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the efficiency of proposed constrained controller in comparing with the unconstrained controller and a conventional nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) developed in the recent papers using 14-DOF vehicle model. By analyzing the results, it is clear that the proposed controller is much faster and easy to solution and implementation.


— In today's era, there has been heightened awareness that job stress contributes to a significant portion of worker compensation claims, health-care cost, disability, absenteeism and productivity loss. Chair stress is a significant and costly problem, and that the challenge for all banks to manage work stress in order to reduce health-care cost and improves productivity. The important role of occupational health has long been highlighted by world health organization. Work plays a central role in the lives of many people and thus the impact of job stress is an important issue both for individual employees and the organization for which they work. Although the mechanisms through which the work can cause or contribute to illness are complex, there is a strong evidence to indicate that stress experienced at work can have adverse outcomes for the well being of individual employees. Similarly, this paper analyzes the major causes of stress to the employee of different gender and age group in the Indian banking. It also determines the various strategies followed by the employees to remove their stress. The study is based on the primary data and the likert scale is used to measure the response of the employees.


Biomarker detection and quantification in body fluids is widely utilized in medical diagnosis as it provides useful information for developing treatment strategies. Once attached to target biomarker molecules, fluorescence can be used to detect and quantify the target biomarkers. However, expression of target biomarkers in body fluids is generally weak, and therefore direct utilization of fluorescence for detection with high sensitivity and selectivity is challenging. To address this issue, fluorescence enhancement of target biomarkers has been investigated by several research groups. These studies utilized light-metal-fluorophore interactions and have reported about few thousand-fold fluorescence enhancement. Fluorescence enhancement of few thousand folds enables the detection of molarities up to about nanomolar. However, medical diagnosis, especially early diagnosis, requires detection limit of attomolar. To extend the capabilities of fluorescence enhancement to be applicable in the full range of medical diagnosis, we have used low frequency electric fields (<20 MHz) to further enhance the light-metal-fluorophore interactions. This paper presents the results from our simulation work performed to show how electric fields could modulate the fluorescence enhancement. Moreover, we have found that external electric fields can be used to place the fluorophore molecules outside the quenching regions, align fluorophore dipoles with plasmonic axis of metal and place the fluorophore in the high electric field region of the scattered light. These capabilities could lead to fluorescence enhancement up to about billion-fold that enables attomolar detection. In addition to enhancing the fluorescence, we have also studied the effect of electric fields on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR).


The Issue and Why It's Important Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are psychological therapies focused on the cultivation of self-regulated attention, acceptance and openness to experiences gained through reflective structured exercises/practices like meditation or yoga.(1-5) MBIs are highly participatory in nature and delivered as combination of group and individualized sessions over a short period of time. MBI research has grown in recent years and now includes a number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (2;3;6-9) showing benefit in preventing relapse in recurrent depression; treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, and reducing depression, anxiety, stress generalized anxiety, chronic fatigue,


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of examining the minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry in 53 cases with AML.Methods The specimens for test were peripheral blood from healthy persons and patients with AML in complete remission. The assay of MRD were made by using the double direct immunofluorescence labeling and multy-parameter flow cytometry technology. At last the results were compared with traditional bone marrow cells morphology.Results The sensibitity and specificity to predict relapse of patients in various group are as follows respectively :The group of CR≤1 year are 100%(8/8) and 42.9% (3/7),The group of 1 yearCR≤3years are 100% (5/5) and 75% (6/8),The group of CR3 years are 50% (1/2) and 95.6% (22/23). The results of MRD positive can earlier predict relapse than the traditional bone marrow cells morphology assay by an average of 7 months.Conclusion This method is very simple, fast and mini-traumatic to patient, especially by means of continuous and regular monitoring and dynamic analyse can further improve the accuracy. It is able to provide strong evidence for predict relapse and select individualized treatment in clinic.


This research paper focuses the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applied to the development of the Development Plan and Spatial Planning of the parish of San Lucas, Loja belonging to the canton. With this perspective, carried out a diagnostic process, based on which a proposal was raised and land development.

Was taken as a starting point, the precise analysis of eco-environmental systems, economic, human settlements, socio-cultural, mobility and connectivity, and land management. All these systems were broken down and studied each of their natural and human components. With the help of Geographic Information Systems, processed in digital form each of the variables analyzed for overlaying thematic maps and get the final map showing the current model of the territory.

From knowing the main problems and potential and make the FODA analysis, it devised a development proposal and land, the same is directed to appropriate use of natural components of the parish and the proper use of the territory. Theyraisedtheirrespective objectives and guidelines for each system, based on their weaknesses and greatest strengths. In each guideline projects were established, noting the government entity will be responsible for implementing these projects. To manage these projects was set up a committee to be composed of the leading authorities of the parish and planning agencies in the region.

The information obtained in digital and analog form the basis for Decentralized Autonomous Government of San Lucas, to somehow contribute to the development of the parish and the correct use of territory, gender affect the environment, hence the parish become a model of sustainable development for the region and country.


Simple Summary In order to further standardize and simplify the operation of the nylon bag method, rumen degradation kinetics of 25 feedstuffs were first determined using in situ nylon bag technique and then the differences of degradation parameters fitted with five or seven time points measuring data were evaluated. Additionally, the goodness of fit (R2) of degradation curves obtained at different time points was compared. In protein feeds, energy feeds and roughages, there were no significant differences in rumen degradation parameters except for several feedstuffs. By comparing the R2, it was found that the R2 of degradation curves which obtained five time points was better than that which obtained seven time points. These results indicate that it is feasible to determine the rumen degradation characteristics of feedstuffs by only setting five measuring time points, and based on the reasonable criteria, where the optimal selection of incubation time points for protein feeds and energy feeds was the set of ② 2, 16, 24, 36, 48 h, and that for roughages was ① 4, 8, 16, 48, 72 h. Abstract Rumen degradation kinetics of 25 feedstuffs (six protein feeds, nine energy feeds and ten roughages) were first determined using the nylon bag technique in situ and the differences of degradation characteristics fitted with five or seven time points measuring data were evaluated with the goodness of fit (R2) of degradation curves. Protein and energy feeds were incubated for 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48 h, roughages were incubated for 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 h, where three and six data sets of five time points were screened out, respectively. Only the degradation parameters a (rapidly degraded proportion), b (slowly degraded proportion) and c (degradation rate of slowly degraded proportion) of several feeds at five time points were significantly different from those at seven time points (p < 0.05), and the others were not significant (p > 0.05). The R2 of the degradation curves obtained at five time points was closer to 1, indicating that the fitting obtained at five time points was more accurate in predicting the real-time rumen degradation rate of feed. These results indicate that it is feasible to determine the rumen degradation characteristics of feedstuffs by only setting five measuring time points.


This paper introduces an approach based on wavelet transform for the noise analysis of motors. In the first step of the approach, the frequency spectrum of the noise waveform is decomposed into subbands using discrete wavelet packet transform filter banks. In the second step, continuous wavelet transform is applied to nonzero subbands to evaluate the signal contents. The approach is validated by its application to noise waveform of a motor. It is found to be powerful and suitable for practical use.


have appreciated a more issue-based approach. Inclusion of this sort of content would have made the link between the experience of the haute-bourgeoisie and that of my generation perhaps more direct. Nevertheless, the exhibit did focus on costume and such albeit related social phenomena were not central to the exhibit's theme. When Panache travelled to the Western Development Museum in Saskatoon, all 24 costumes were exhibited. The final venue for the exhibit is the Western Development Museum in Moose Jaw. In addition to being responsible for the entire design package, French also purchased about ten fashion plates illustrating fashions of the period, which are also displayed in the exhibition hall. Along with the exhibit design, CMC was responsible for all exhibit programming. According to Elaine Copeland, the VM put together a similar roster of programming when Panache was exhibited there.


Objective To study the influence of distillers 'yeast on alcoholicity in the fermentation of glutinous rice wine.Methods The alcoholicity of the fermenting material was determined by changing kinds and requirements of yeast and choosing the adequate temperature in solid-liquid fermenting process.Results The alcoholicity was effected by kinds and requirements of yeast in the production of glutinous rice wine.Conclusion The suitable yeast is beneficial for increasing alcoholicity and accelerating production in the middle process of glutinous rice wine fermenting.


Abstract Everything that comes in, eventually goes out. One way or another. This paper will look into eating and defecating practices among rebels in Colombia, in particular, the FARC-EP. I will argue that these practices, despite being daily occurrences, have been overlooked in conflict studies. I will argue that eating practices in particular reinforced emotional bonds within the organization and fostered micro-solidarity. At the same time, eating and defecating practices reflected and reinforced, at once, organizational practices and ideological commitments of the rebels – particularly gender equality and collectivism. This paper, by focusing on cherished everyday activities which are deeply human, both biological and social, is a call to re-humanise this field of study.


The existence of subsurface fractures provides not only space for the residence of petroleum but also paths of migration. Therefore, subsurface fractures are of great interest to exploration geophysicists. In reflection seismology, a reservoir of vertically aligned fractures is often considered to possess azimuthal anisotropy, or Horizontal Transverse Isotropy (HTI), in terms of seismic anisotropy. The characteristics and information of this specific type of reservoir are widely obtained using seismic attributes, including the azimuthal variation in the P -wave amplitude and velocity, and the fractional difference of split S-waves. Essentially, a converted (C-) wave is initiated by a downward traveling P-wave, which is converted on reflection to upcoming S-waves. Hence, it combines the behaviors of P- and S-waves in theory. Using a forward model study, this study demonstrates the behaviors of a C-waves in a HTI medium, instead of the behaviors of P- or S-waves. Reflections are facilitated on the horizontal symmetry-axis plane of a scaled HTI model along seven different azimuths using end-on shooting arrangement. Using a P-type transducer as a source and an S-type transducer as a receiver, the behaviors of C-waves in a HTI medium are observed. In the acquired profiles, reflections of P-, PS1- (C1 -), and a mixture of PS2- ( C2-) and S1-waves were detected. The phenomenon of C-wave splitting is also observed because of the behavior of an S-wave in a Transversely Isotropic Medium (TIM), and it could be easily identified in the azimuths near the fracture plane. The reflectivity strengths obtained using a Hilbert transform show that the azimuthal variation in the Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) for both P- and C1-waves are consistent, but the C1-wave amplitude variation depends more significantly on the azimuth than that of the P-wave. Furthermore, the percentage anisotropy of the C-wave computed from acquired data falls right between those of P- and S-waves. By incorporating C-wave splitting and azimuthal AVO variation into traditional signature analyses, our results show that the fracture orientation is more pronounced when the potential reservoir has vertically aligned fractures.


While questions of State compliance with international law are the proper subject of their research, international lawyers need to make a clearer distinction between compliance and cooperation, and to pay greater attention to the concept of cooperation than they have to date. This is because the identification of cooperation as a necessary explanatory variable, sometimes running counter to compliance but more often than not a complement to it, helps to satisfy theoretical questions revolving around international law's lacunae, as well as to bring greater depth to compliance studies. Thus, compliance research shows that China has turned from a rebel with a cause in the 1960s into a reasonably good international citizen in the 21st century that, for the most part, complies with its international obligations: but it does not say anything about the international legal black hole into which the Chinese medium range ballistic missile disappeared in January 2007, or about China's position on Darfur and related questions. The concept which fills that hole is cooperation. It is from a deficit of the latter, rather than from failings in compliance as such, that international disputes and threats to the peace have often arisen.


The link between economic conditions and election outcomes is a pillar of social science. Voters prefer 'better times' to worse and reward or punish incumbents accordingly. We investigate the extent to which this truism holds in the Australian context, with particular emphasis on the 1993 result. While Australian election outcomes are generally not well predicted by prevailing economic conditions, we are impressed by the extent to which the 1993 election outcome is at odds with the state of the economy. In particular, we find Labor performed up to five percentage points better than expected in 1993, making this result one of the most exceptional election results ever observed in Australia. The sizeable electoral penalty typically accompanying large increases in unemployment was effectively nullified in 1993. We accurately predict the 1993 result (ex post) only if unemployment is considered electorally irrelevant. We conclude by suggesting a research agenda for better understanding the link between economi...


For most metals a microscopic change in shape occurs above the elastic limit by the irreversible creation and movement of dislocations. However a large number of metallic systems undergo structural, martensitic, phase transformations which are diffusionless, displacive first order transitions from a high‐temperature phase to one of lower symmetry below a certain temperature TM. These transitions which have been studied for more than a century are of vital importance because of their key role in producing shape memory phenomena enabling the system to reverse large deformations in the martensitic phase by heating into the austenite phase. In addition to a change in shape (displacement) the effect can also produce a force or a combination of both. Materials having this unique property are increasing being used in medical applications—scoliosis correction, arterial clips, stents, orthodontic wire, orthopaedic implants etc. The structural phase transition essential for shape memory behaviour is usually activat...


In recent years China has seen an increase in the number of occupational accidents as business privatization has led to the abandonment of earlier state-run administrative and supervisory bodies. Since 1 January 2004 there have been new rules on occupational accident insurance which have brought a number of innovations. All firms are now required to have occupational accident insurance and to pay the relevant contributions, while workers, including itinerant workers, in a de facto employment relationship are entitled to benefits from such insurance. However, it will take a few years to prove whether these legislative improvements are really practicable; and the system still offers no effective protection of legal rights.


Our knowledge of the multiplicity and functions of cytokines has expanded greatly during the last 10 years. However, the large number and low concentrations of cytokines that are expressed in a pathogenic condition often preclude determining the presence and function of each cytokine during disease pathogenesis (1)(2) . The FlowMetrixTM system has been developed as a highly sensitive, multiplexed assay platform that provides a means to determine qualitative and quantitative measurements of multiple analytes simultaneously. The system utilizes polystyrene microspheres as a vehicle for different molecular reactions to occur. Differential staining of these microspheres with orange-emitting and red-emitting fluorochromes produces an array of 64 individually addressable populations of microspheres (3) . A green-emitting fluorochrome is coupled to detection molecules to measure each molecular reaction. A graphical representation of the classification of each microsphere set and the subsequent measurement of green fluorescence associated with each set is illustrated in Fig. 1⇓ A. The use of a standard flow cytometer and its power to analyze the concentrations of three different fluorochromes on individual particles allow the simultaneous quantification of up to 64 different cytokines or chemokines in a single tissue or fluid sample in real time. We have assembled a number of different multiplexed cytokine panels to analyze proinflammatory cytokines and …


Abstract High viscosity is a major factor limiting the percentage total dissolved solids (%TDS) to which kraft black liquor (KBL), a spent pulping liquor, can be concentrated before it is burned to recover its fuel value and its inorganic chemicals. The effect on black liquor viscosity of removing high molecular weight lignin by ultrafiltration of 16% and 24% TDS liquors was studied. Viscosities of ultrafiltration permeates were reduced relative to feed black liquors. When a permeate was concentrated to higher %TDS levels, its viscosity decreased yet further relative to feed samples evaporated to similar solids levels. Retentate viscosity was very high relative to both feed and permeate. Ultrafiltration was carried out at 75[ddot]C using polysulfone membranes in a plate-and-frame or hollow fiber system. Flux rates varied greatly depending upon the specific liquor used. Flux was enhanced by increased temperature and increased linear velocity. The membrane molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) typically used was 5...


Background Burnout is a work related syndrome comprising three major dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced professional efficacy. It is recognised that burnout may be associated with psychopathological sequelae, such as symptoms of anxiety and depression. Aims This study aimed to examine the relationship between burnout and symptoms of depression and anxiety in senior doctors in Ireland. We examined personality traits as a mediating factor on burnout, in relation to work related stress among the participants. Methods This study was a national cross sectional survey of consultants. Data included basic demographic data, work-related data, burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, personality traits, and symptoms of depression and anxiety from the Depressive Anxiety Stress Scale [DASS}. Results Results were obtained from 477 consultants, yielding a response rate 21.9%. Nearly half (42%) reported high burnout levels. The Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale revealed high levels of stress symptoms, and lower levels of anxiety symptoms. After controlling for gender and age, depressive symptoms were associated with high levels of emotional exhaustion and a higher clinical workload Conclusions The this study reported a high level of work related burnout, associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in senior doctors. This is concerning, and strategies are required that consider the relationship between personality and burnout. Further research to evaluate strategies to ensure physician wellbeing and optimal delivery of patient care are required to address this serious problem.


Differential diagnosis of intracardiac tumours should include i.a. thrombi, vegetations and neoplasms. We present a case of a 72-year-old male with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, who had been previously treated with dabigatran and whose anticoagulant treatment was subsequently changed to enoxaparin during hospitalisation due to acute pancreatitis. Initially, tumour of the ampulla of Vater was suspected. Echocardiography revealed a polycyclic, balloting tumour in the right atrium, originating from the inferior vena cava. Based on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and gastroscopy, carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater was ruled out. Positron emission tomography was performed, showing no signs of metabolically active neoplastic growth. Anticoagulation with acenocoumarol was initiated, leading to a complete resolution of the mass in the right atrium and inferior vena cava.


Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducted a series of bond pull-out tests to determine the effect of elevated temperatures (ranging from 24 to 149/sup 0/C (75 to 300/sup 0/F)) on the bond strength between concrete and deformed steel reinforcement. This report summarizes the findings of the study, describes the tests and results, and offers recommendations for incorporating these results into the design of structures that must operate within the prescribed range of elevated temperatures.


We give some examples of the application in classical mechanics of the double and the dual numbers, which are analogous to the complex numbers.


The intermittent nature of wind energy raised multiple challenges to the power systems and is the biggest challenge to declare wind energy a reliable source. One solution to overcome this problem is wind energy forecasting. A precise forecast can help to develop appropriate incentives and well-functioning electric markets. The paper presents a comprehensive review of existing research and current developments in deterministic wind speed and power forecasting. Firstly, we categorize wind forecasting methods into four broader classifications: input data, time-scales, power output, and forecasting method. Secondly, the performance of wind speed and power forecasting models is evaluated based on 634 accuracy tests reported in twenty-eight published articles covering fifty locations of ten countries. From the analysis, the most significant errors were witnessed for the physical models, whereas the hybrid models showed the best performance. Although, the physical models have a large normalized root mean square error values but have small volatility. The hybrid models perform best for every time horizon. However, the errors almost doubled at the medium-term forecast from its initial value. The statistical models showed better performance than artificial intelligence models only in the very short term forecast. Overall, we observed the increase in the performance of forecasting models during the last ten years such that the normalized mean absolute error and normalized root mean square error values reduced to about half the initial values.


The dynamical system of thinking covers two levels— the subconscious level and the conscious level. The former includes subconscious series and unconscious series, and the later includes need series, affective series and will series. It has so many thinking functions, such as activation, maintaining, direction, controlling, etc. The operating mechanism of dynamical system of thinking is: the subject, stimulated by internal and external factors, produces need, under the drive and guide of need, falling back on the support of emotional power and the control of will power, makes the thinking move in the requiring direction. Worth evaluation is the basic characteristic of the system.


Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) have been considered as specific in vivo markers of oxidative stress. In this study, an increased oxidative status was induced in Wistar rats by feeding on a high-fat diet (cafeteria diet). Another group of animals received the same diet supplemented with a combination of 2 different antioxidants, ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg rat/day) and sodium selenite (200 μg/kg rat/day) and a third group fed on a control diet. Total and individual COPs analysis of the different diets showed no differences among them. At the end of the experimental trial, rats were sacrificed and serum cholesterol, triglycerides and COPs were measured. None of the diets induced changes in rats body weight, total cholesterol and tryglicerides (TG) levels. Serum total COPs in rats fed on the high-fat diet were 1.01 μg/ml, two fold the amount of the control rats (0.47 μg/ml). When dietary antioxidant supplementation was performed, serum total COPs concentration (0.44 μg/ml) showed the same levels than those of the rats on control diet. 7β-hydroxycholesterol, formed non–enzymatically via cholesterol peroxidation in the presence of reactive oxygen species, showed even slightly lower values in the antioxidant-supplemented animals compared to the control ones. This study confirms the importance of dietary antioxidants as protective factors against the formation of oxysterols


It is demonstrated that transient expression of plasmid DNA in plant protoplasts can be strongly influenced by the bacterial strain used for plasmid propagation. Four different promoter constructs containing two light-responsive and two fungal elicitor-responsive parsley promoters translationally fused to the reporter gene, β-glucuronidase (GUS), were amplified in bacterial strains MC1061, DH5α or GM2163 and tested individually. Marked differences in basal expression levels and in fold inducibilities were observed upon transfection of parsley protoplasts. Low levels of basal expression and strong light or elicitor inducibilities were observed only with plasmid DNA derived from the methylation-deficient GM2163 strain. In vitro methylation of DNA prior to transformation also drastically increased basal expression levels. The results suggest that DNA methylation may be partly responsible for deregulating promoter activity in the transient expression system.


Haploid plants were found in progenies of the following varieties of Coffea arabica : typica, bourbon, maragogipe, semperflorens, laurina, erecta, caturra and San Ramon. These haploids resemble the normal plants from which they have originated ; they are reduced in size, their branches are more slender and the leaves are narrower and thinner. Flowers are normal, smaller, with very low fertility, due to abnormal meiosis. The dominant genetic factors maragogipe (Mg), erecta (Er), caturra (Ct), and San Ramon, and the recessive factors semperflorens (sf) and laurina (lr) have the same phenotypical expression both in haploid and normal plants. The Br (bronze young leaves) gene shows incomplete dominance, the heterozygous plants having light bronze tips; the haploid with a single dose of Br has also a light bronze color of the young leaves. In the presence of tt the Na gene is incompletely dominant the heterozygotes having the murta phenotype (ttNana). Haploids derived from bourbon (ttNaNa), therefore hemizygotes t Na, do not resemble murta but bourbon. Attention was called to pure lines obtained through duplication of chromosome number of haploids, for use in progeny tests, in order to measure the environmental variation, and also to determine mutation rate in C. arabica. Observation on meiosis and the results of genetic analysis have already pointed out that C. arabica is probably an allotetraploid of ancient origin ; this has been confirmed by the study of the haploids here described. Monosperma coffee plants with 22 somatic chromosomes, and the bullata types with 66 or 88 chromoeomes, should not be considered any more as varieties of C. arabica, but only as haploids or polyploids of the varieties from which they originated.


This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of amalgamated NPS chemical fertilizer on crop performance and nodulation of soybean (Glycine max L (Merrill)) varieties on acidic soil during 2020 cropping season. Varieties of soybean i.e "Katta" and "Korme" and six levels of amalgamated NPS chemical fertilizer were used in factorial arrangement within randomized complete block design with three replications. Nodule parameters were highly influenced (P<.001) by the main effect of amalgamated NPS chemical fertilizer levels. The highest grain yield (2390 kg ha-1) was obtained from application of 19(N) 38(P2O) 7(S), kg ha-1 .. "Katta"and "Korme" varieties of soybean were high yielder at level of 19(N) 38(P2O) 7(S), kg ha-1 combined NPS fertilizer application. Therefore, both varieties "Katta" and "Korme" with application of 19(N) 38(P2O) 7(S), kg ha-1 mixed chemical fertilizer were recommended for enhancing nodule development and seeds yield.


Abstract : A chemical biological threat is defined and applied to the Advanced Attack Helicopter as presently designed. Conclusions are reached regarding the safety and mission effectiveness of the helicopter against this threat. Various change options to improve the chemical/biological characteristics of the Advanced Attack Helicopter are evaluated and recommendations made.


: Rail accidents constitute an crucial protection subject for the transportation industry in many countries. In the 11 years from 2001 to 2012, the U.S. Had more than forty 000 rail accidents that fee extra than $45 million. While most of the injuries in the course of this era had very little price, about 5200 had damages in extra of $141 500. To better apprehend the individuals to those intense injuries, the Federal Railroad Administration has required the railroads involved in accidents to put up reports that contain both fixed subject entries and narratives that describe the characteristics of the accident. While a number of research have checked out the fixed fields, none have accomplished an extensive analysis of the narratives. This paper describes the usage of text mining with a combination of strategies to routinely find out twist of fate traits that could inform a better know-how of the individuals to the injuries. The look at evaluates the efficacy of text mining of accident narratives via assessing predictive performance for the charges of excessive injuries. The effects display that predictive accuracy for accident charges extensively improves through using functions found via text mining and predictive accuracy further improves through the use of cutting-edge ensemble strategies. Importantly, this take a look at additionally suggests through case examples how the findings from text mining of the narratives can improve expertise of the individuals to rail injuries in methods not viable through only fixed field analysis of the accident reports.


Mashup is one of the many new phenomena in the Web 2.0 environment. They are largely experimental, but some of them are very useful, well-designed and very popular. Google Maps is the most popular component of Mashups. Amazon, Yahoo! Maps, and photo-sharing site Flickr are also a source for many of the sites. The libraries have been well adapting to the emerging technologies to integrate contents and services in order to provide innovative services to the users. The paper defines Mashup and discusses its various aspects with specific reference to the libraries.


Prosocial behaviors are inclusive of a wide range of specific forms of behaviors. Prosocial behaviors (i.e., actions that benefit others) are generally linked to individuals' well-being and healthy adaptation, and they are fundamental events that foster more cooperative and harmonious societies. However, prosocial behaviors can be motivated by selfish motives, which can undermine their beneficial consequences. Therefore, research is needed to understand the correlates of distinctly motivated forms of prosocial behaviors. This chapter reviews theories and research on the development of prosocial motives across childhood to adulthood. Gaps in our understanding are identified and future directions for research are suggested.


IR. First, by the 1960s the New Deal order based on trade unions and collective bargaining had collapsed, because die "labor question" appeared solved. Second, in the 1950s and 1960s, nearly all academic social sciences and some humanities grew increasingly theoretical as they strove to replicate the hard sciences. Third, business corporations and private foundations poured millions of dollars into HRM. Fourth, the era of U.S. global economic dominance ended, making trade unionism and collective bargaining seem anachronistic traditions whose continued practice might doom the United States to economic failure. Hence, as Kaufman notes in die book's closing chapters, academic industrial relations became an endangered discipline. Kaufman has outlined for us the emergence, rise to dominance, and decline of industrial relations as an academic discipline and as an applied public policy intended to humanize the workplace and solve the "labor question."


mendations to their attention, by promoting the full use of community resources in providing constructive leisure-time activities for young people, including service men, by helping to select carefully and prepare girls to serve at centers for the entertainment of service men. Through committees and further conferences the Council will endeavor to keep up-to-date with new developments and, as individuals and constituent groups, implement the recommendations made in the 1943 meeting. By the Committee on Publications: KARL M. COWDERY FRANCES MAULE RUTH STRANG, Chairman PREDICTION OF SCHOLASTIC SUCCESS IN COLLEGES OF LAW: I. THE EXPERIMENTAL EDITION OF THE IOWA LEGAL APTITUDE TEST 1


The article shows that mainstream economics, which now includes such current as new institutional economics, is the result of an evolution shaped by three institutions (capitalism, university and mathematics) by imposing to the profession of economists their founding beliefs. These beliefs are: «laissez-faire»; «economic knowledge has a priori and exegetical character»; «all mathematical entities exist in reality»; «beauty is a criterion for theoretical constructions»; «scientific research is a play with axioms and rules of inference». Because of these beliefs mainstream economics, based on mathematical constructions arbitrarily borrowed from the physics of the nineteenth century, remains cognitively sterile and socially detrimental.


Abstract Assuming that the asking price of an asset is a random observation from a known distribution function, we first consider the problem of buying an asset and selling it later within a limited period of time. The optimal strategies, derived by means of a stochastic dynamic programming technique, maximize the present value of the expected profit. We then consider the infinite-stage model where there is no time constraint. As a special case of the optimal selling strategy with finite stages, we also propose an option valuation model for the case where the buyer has the right to purchase a certain asset at a specified exercise price within a specified time. The optimal buying and selling strategies derived in the paper can be extended to various directions such as the serially correlated process and the rank-based trading strategy.


Objectives: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most common idiopathic generalized/genetic epilepsy syndrome. Gender differences are known in clinical presentation, with a well-identified female predilection. We aimed to study gender-based differences in quality of life (QoL) and psychiatric comorbidities among persons with JME. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a teaching hospital in Delhi, India. Persons above 11 years of age with JME diagnosed according to the International League Against Epilepsy criteria established in 2001 were enrolled. QoL assessment was made using Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-Adolescents-48 (QOLIE-AD-48) and Patient-Weighted Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 31 (QOLIE-31-P) for adolescent and adult patients, respectively. For the assessment of psychiatric comorbidities, participants were administered the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I). Participants who tested positive for psychiatric comorbidities on M.I.N.I subsequently underwent the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 categorization. Results: We enrolled 50 patients with JME. Eighteen (36%) were male and 32 (64%) were female patients. The median age of males at study enrollment was 23.5 (range 15–38) years. The median age of females was 22 (16–48) years. The median QOLIE-31-P score among males was 68.31 (37.13–91.82) and for females was 66.9 (31.7–99.1). The median overall QoL score for males was 65 (25–87.5), which qualified as "fair" QoL. For females, the median overall QoL score was 62.5 (10–87.5) which also qualified as "fair" QoL. No significant difference was noted between genders in QoL (P = 0.723). Among males, 55.5% had psychiatric comorbidity. Of these, two had mild depression and eight had anxiety. Among female patients, 34.4% had comorbid psychiatric issues; 6 had anxiety and 5 had depression. No significant difference was noted between genders (P = 0.9136). Conclusion: Persons with JME do not have gender-stratified differences in terms of psychiatric comorbidities and QoL despite differences in exposure to antiseizure medications and other gender-related factors. All persons with JME should be screened for psychiatric comorbidities, specifically anxiety, and depression.


Objective: To explore the effects of comfortable nursing in infantile diarrhea. Methods: One hundred and twenty cases of children with infantile diarrhea were randomly divided into the experimental group( 60 cases) and control group( 60 cases). The control group were treated with routine nursing,and the experimental group were treated with comfortable nursing on the basis of routine nursing. The fundamental nursing qualification rate and satisfaction rate of pateints' parents between two groups were compared.Results: The fundamental nursing qualification rate and satisfaction rate of pateints' parents in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group( P 0. 01). Conclusions: The comfortable nursing in infantile diarrhea is an important way to improve the nursing quality and satisfaction rate of pateints' parents.


This work proposes an efficient digital quantum simulation protocol for the linear scattering process of bosons, which provides a simple extension to partially distinguishable boson cases. Our protocol is achieved by combining the boson-fermion correspondence relation and fermion to qubit encoding (F2QE) protocols. As a proof of concept, we designed a quantum circuits for simulating the Hong-Ou-Mandel scattering process with a variation of particle distinguishability. The circuits were verified with the classical and quantum simulations using the IBM Quantum and IonQ cloud services.


2. Other challenges for the Gricean analysis of speaker meaning, such as whether the commonly invoked reflexive intentions are sufficient for their analysandum; whether an adequate analysans would involve attribution of a psychologically realistic set of attitudes; whether communicative intentions can be taken as logically prior to the notion of meaning that they are used to shed light on; these challenges will not detain us in the present study. For treatment of these challenges see Avram ides 1989 and Clark 1996.


Summary

Grillsteaks were prepared from lean beef flaked at –4°C and subsequently mixed at nominal temperatures of either –3°C or +1°C with each combination of five sodium chloride levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0%) and three levels of sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10) (0, 0.25 and 0.50%).

Sodium chloride was more effective than sodium tripolyphosphate in lowering the initial freezing point (ifp) of meat, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry which also showed that the freezing point depression was proportional to the solute concentration.

Cooking losses generally were lower with higher levels of sodium chloride and sodium tripolyphosphate, and when the meat was mixed at +1°C. It is argued that localized salt concentrations can influence product quality, as can the relative proportions of ice and water when meat is processed below the ifp.


Prevalence and mortality due to low birth weight (LBW) is still get a mark in Kupang. The multifactorial causes of LBW, can be grouped into these factors: physical and social environment, mother, fetus, placenta-umbilical cord, and health services. From maternal factors, there are subfactors of maternal characteristics, knowledge of pregnancy, maternal health status, and behavior in caring the pregnancy. Maternal behavior may be in the form of obedience in traditional pregnancy care, which may lead to LBW. Most studies on LBW risk factors are related to clinical medical factors. The purpose of this study was to predict the role of fetal health locus of control and obedience in traditional pregnancy care, toward LBW occurrence. This study was an analitic observational with case-control design, included 50 mothers who gave birth to LBW and 50 mothers who gave birth to normal babies, through interviews and tracing of maternal and infant medical records. Research was done in RSUD Prof. DR. W.Z. Johannes, RSIA Dedari and 2 basic emergency obstetric and newborn care (BEmONC) public health center. Data analysis done using SmartPLS 3.2.6. The results of the study proved that obedience to traditional pregnancy care was a mediator of the occurrence of LBW, whereas fetal health locus of control was not. Obedience to traditional pregnancy care in the form of non-standardize antenatal care and continued heavy workload during pregnancy, had been shown to cause LBW. This research also found 2 pathway models of LBW occurence: 1) Mother's characteristic (education level, mother's income, total of family income) influence to LBW occurence through variables: pregnancy knowledge, perceived behavioral control, and obedience to traditional pregnancy care. 2) Maternal characteristics have an effect on the occurence of LBW through obedience to traditional pregnancy care.  Keywords: Low birth weight, Obedience, Traditional pregnancy care, Fetal health locus of control


Abstract Globalisation, referring to an interconnectedness and interdependence across the world, creates a challenge for national states, localities and individuals. In the past, people used to define themselves with strong ties with political parties, trade unions, and churches. However, modernisation process decreased the importance of these institutions, and individualistic values became more important. As a result of that process, ties between people and political parties are weakened. Meanwhile, media played a very important role, and the mass media gained a centrality in the world. Moreover, technological developments changed the interaction between people, and "visibility" became important for politicians: The more visible politicans are on television, the more dominant they are. Therefore, these changes forced political parties to change their political discourse and new communication techniques emerged with "catch-all" parties. The U.S. was the first country, which used new techniques in political communication. Because of dissemination of information, these new techniques are globalised. Key words: Modernisation; Americanisation; Centrality of Media; Political Communication INTRODUCTION Today as mass media gain more and more importance, political communication methods of parties get similar all over the world and that similarity increases day by day. Therefore, it is possible to talk about global homogenisation of media systems across the world which causes countries to get closer in their political communication practices despite of the great differences in their political systems. Hence, the term "Amecanisation" is used to explain these changes under "Globalisation" debates because we can see the influence of America on the common political communication practices. Those obvious changes have been argued for a long time and they are still a subject for recent debates. Nowadays, different countries use the same themes in their election campaignings and for some scholars; it is an obvious sign of "Americanisation". However, "Globalisation" and its implications refer to a more complex interaction between countries. Therefore, this study aims at studying the implications of the terms "Globalisation" and "Americanisation" in detail, and in what terms they differ from each other. To understand "Globalisation", we must know what it really means; therefore, in the first part, general definitions of the term "Globalisation" will be given to make it clearer. In addition to that, for many people the term "Americanisation" emerged as a problem because of its destructive influence on cultures rather than being a necessary process for democratisation that must be experineced by those cultures. Hence, it is of high importance to clarify meaning of "Americanisation". Since the main purpose in this paper is to examine the new political communication practices, especially in election campaigns, the term "Americanisation" will be analyzed in this context in the first part. On the other hand, in social life, which also contains political life, every process creates some values in itself and leads to other processes. The terms "Globalisation" and "Americanisation" can be understood in a better way if they are viewed not just as a single and independent process but as a result of previous processes. That is, the cause and effect relationship between each political process must be taken into account to understand these terms. Therefore, in that case it is important to study modernisation process and its results closely. Moreover, technological developments affect our social lives and may trigger other social processes. Because ofthat reason, the focus of the second part is modernisation, centrality and expansion of the mass media. A comparative and multi-dimensional study can provide us with a comprehensive explanation in understanding "Globalisation" / "Americanisation" process in communication practices. …


The results of the theoretical study of the electronic states of the R+-centre in alkali halides are reported. No empirical parameters are used in this calculation. The electronic core polarization is taken into account. The results of the calculation are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data and can be considered as a theoretical confirmation of the F3+-model of the R+-centre.

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The growth in institutions and initiatives in digital humanities in the last few years has yet not led to greater definition in the field, and the different labels used for the activity ('humanidades digitales', 'informatica umanistica e la cultura digitale', 'humanites numeriques') not only reflect differing local circumstances, but also important divergence in the manner of conception. Can we talk of the digital humanities as a unified phenomenon on an international level, or do they rather represent an accumulation of interrelated practices and perspectives? This chapter will study the centres and limits of a field which experiences continuous and rapid change, and aims to highlight some of the key challenges which await the digital humanities in a period of major academic and social transformation caused by the digital age. Meanwhile, the rapid evolution of new international associations in the field has highlighted the large amount of digital research carried out away from the glare of internaCentros y fronteras: el panorama internaCional de las humanidades digitales 61 tional fora for digital humanities, where Anglophone academics have a certain advantage. Spanish-language initiatives like Humanidades Digitales Hispanicas (HDH), Red de Humanidades Digitales (RedHD) and el Dia de Humanidades Digitales 2013 (DiaHD2013, which also has a Portuguese language component) have attempted to improve the visibility of a tradition which already has strong roots, but which does not always figure prominently on the international stage, and these form part of a broader ongoing debate about how to ensure that digital humanities become a truly international phenomenon.


This article presents an ethical dilemma that has occurred in our home health care agency. This ethical dilemma was discussed in a newly developed Patient Concerns/Complaints Committee (which also addresses ethical issues related to patient care) in order to adopt a solution that all parties could accept. In light of the new Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organiza tions' standard, which requires that ethical issues be addressed, this process was successful and will be of interest to all home health care agencies. Key words: home health, ethics, employee concerns


This fossil was found many years ago by Dr. Wavel, in a quarry near Barnstaple: Mr. Hatchett, who visited the place in 1796, described it as filling some of the cavities and veins in a rock of soft argillaceous shist. When first made known, it was considered as a zeolite; Mr. Hatchett, however, concluded, from its geological position, that it most probably did not belong to that class of stones; and Dr. Babington, from its physical characters, and from some experiments on its solution in acids, made at his request by Mr. Stockler, ascertained that it was a mineral body, as yet not described, and that it contained a considerable proportion of aluminous earth. It is to Dr. Babington that I am obliged for the opportunity of making a general investigation of its chemical nature; and that gentleman liberally supplied me with specimens for analysis.


This essay examines four contemporary novels written by Commonwealth authors who lived in the United States: DBC Pierre's Vernon God Little, Salman Rushdie's Fury, Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace, and Zadie Smith's On Beauty. These novels offer critiques of American culture, as well as asking how they define the borders of the American novel in a global literary society. When non-American Anglophone authors write novels set in the United States, it raises the question of what defines a novel written in English as "American" as opposed to "British" or "Commonwealth," particularly when many Anglophone authors avail themselves of residential opportunities in the United States. The question becomes particularly interesting when these US-based novels are recognized by the Man Booker Committee for Commonwealth fiction, as was Vernon God Little. These four demonstrate the fuzzy distinction between an American novel and expatriate fiction, particularly when the novel only contains American characters, with little non-American perspective apparent within the narrative. So are these novelists writing from the community of their passports, their present country of residence, or as temporary/virtual "Americans"? Are these novels an external critique of American culture–or are these novels part of an American literary tradition of social examination?


The invention relates to an anti-hypertension medicinal composition, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 26 grams of hawthorn, 20 grams of semen cassiae, 18 grams of kudzuvine root, 16 grams of epimedium herb, 12 grams of salvia miltiorrhiza, 10 grams of poria cocos, 8 grams of chrysanthemum, 6 grams of uncaria rhynchophylla, 6 grams of prunella vulgaris, 4 grams of radix bupleuri, 3 grams of schisandra chinensis, 3 grams of angelica, 2 grams of eucommia ulmoides oliv, 2 grams of burdock root and 1 gram of gentian. The medicinal composition is short in treatment course, high in overall response rate and low in reoccurrence after recovery. A preparation process for the medicinal composition is simple and low in raw material cost, the production cost is greatly decreased, and the economic burden of a patient is reduced.


Abstract : The Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) described herein provides answers to Frequently-Asked Questions (FAQs) about coastal inlets and about the Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP). The FAQs are grouped into the following categories: a. General questions about coastal inlets. b. Coastal inlet hydrodynamics. c. Coastal inlet morphology. d. Coastal inlet channels. e. Coastal inlet structures. f. CIRP. g. Available tools for solving coastal inlet problems. h. Miscellaneous inlet topics. The FAQs contained in this CHETN are listed on the CIRP Web site. The CIRP FAQs Web page is periodically updated and contains information developed subsequent to publication of this CHETN.


Vitamin E with a 13C-labeled isoprenoid side chain, [4′a-13C]-all-rac-α-tocopherol (1), was synthesized by the coupling reaction of 6-methoxymethoxy-2-([4-methyl-13C]5-bromo-4-methyl-pent-l-yl)chroman (8) with 3,7-dimethyl-1-(thiazolin-2-yl) thio-2,6-octadiene (9). Compound 8 was prepared using 2-(4,4-diethoxycarbonylbut-1-yl)-6-methoxymethoxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman (5) as a key intermediate and [13C]methyl iodide as a 13C source. The total yield of the labeled α-tocopherol based on [13C]methyl iodide was 58.7%.


Elaine Jennings describes the interaction between diabetes and mental health problems. She outlines the dietary and weight-loss approaches which can help to manage these comorbidities


Oxidation rates for hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si 1-x C x :H) films deposited from both pulsed and continuous wave (CW) SiH 4 /CH 4 rf (13.56 MHz) plasmas have been measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Films deposited from CW plasmas oxidize much more rapidly than those deposited from equivalently powered pulsed plasmas. The effect of a diluent gas in the feed (He, Ar, or H 2 ) on film oxidation rates has also been investigated. With He and Ar, the CW films oxidize faster than the pulsed films. With H 2 as the diluent, however, the CW films do not oxidize as rapidly as other CW films, even after long periods of time. This is most likely the result of hydrogen radicals annealing the films through reactions with active sites on the CW films. Addition of H 2 also decreases the deposition rates in both pulsed and CW systems, suggesting H 2 contributes to the deposition reaction scheme. Additional compositional changes in the a-Si 1-x C x :H materials with addition of H 2 to the plasma feed gas are also discussed.


The X-ray diffraction Rietveld quantitative phase analysis of NiCrBSi coatings under heat treatment of 523 ℃ and 628 ℃ for 4 h and 6 h was carried out by Jade7.0 and MAUD software. The results show that the Rwp values obtained by two softwares is from 8% to 11 % . There is no significant difference between the quantitative results obtained by two softwares. The Rietveld quantitative phase analysis results show that the weight fraction of γ-Ni in the crystallized coating increases with the increase of heat treatment temperature and holding time. It reveals the cause of microhardness decreasing.


We read with interest the recent article by Adebahr et al, "LungTech, an EORTC Phase II trial of stereotactic body radiotherapy for centrally located lung tumours: a clinical perspective". There are now several series reporting acceptable toxicity and good outcomes for moderately central lung tumours treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). And in a recent survey, 23 of 30 selected European centres indicated that they were treating tumours within 2 cm of the central mediastinal structures. In addition, more detailed descriptions of central tumour location and planned radiation doses to the treatment volume and organs at risk are beginning to emerge. One of the aims of the LungTech study (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT01795521) was to determine the toxicity of central lung SBRT delivered in eight fractions of 7.5 Gy. However, as the authors acknowledge, not all central tumours can be considered equal, and although the definitions remain imprecise, a distinction is generally made between moderately central and very central locations. These have been considered to represent lower and higher risk scenarios, respectively, although the absolute risks, in particular of very central lung SBRT, are incompletely quantified and expected to vary with the dose and fractionation of the treatment. LungTech explicitly excludes very central tumours and limits the dose that the central airways can receive to about 75% of the prescription dose. Its focus may therefore reasonably be considered to be on moderately central lung SBRT.


This paper analyzed the backward situation that the efficiency of HIS is decreased on account of database expanding and put forward the countermeasure to solve the problem by instance.


In this paper, we propose a novel bottom-up method for detecting salient object. First, a coarse saliency map is generated by according to the biggest symmetric surround model and the color distribution-based model. And then, we design a Gauss filter to enhance the coarse saliency map, and preliminarily establish the background model. Next, the salient feature is defined as the color contrast between background region and the rest. Extensive experiments show the performance of the proposed method which performs better in five evaluation indexes.


The present study aimed at developing a novel scale, the Japan Ijime Scale (JaIS), to measure bullying in Japan with substantial reliability and validity, with which we estimated the prevalence of bullying among children and adolescents of school age.


The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of confidential privilege on forensic accountants' effectiveness during litigation support services. The survey method was used to gather data from respondents which include legal practioners, professional accountants and forensic accounting students through the administration of fifty (50) copies of likert-scale questionnaire. But forty-three (43) copies were return completed; hence a sample of 43 respondents was used for data analyses, while the responses were coded in numerical scale to suit the statistical and econometric analytical tool. The analyses of the micro study were done with the aid of the undated ordinary least square regression (OLS) technique using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 20). The result of the analyses shows that confidentiality of information influences forensic accountant effectiveness during litigation support services; the disclosure of confidential information may not give credibility to expert testimony during litigation support; and that the disclosures of confidential information by the forensic accountant can help convince the judge during legal proceeding. Consequently, the study recommends that forensic accountants should always exhibit high degree of dexterity while serving as an expert in the course of litigation support during pre-trial, trial and post-trial situation.


A profoundly brain damaged baby boy can have life support treatment withdrawn against his parents' wishes because it is against his best interests to be kept alive, a High Court judge has ruled.

Ms Justice Russell made the decision "very sadly and with great reluctance" after a hearing at the High Court in London.

She ordered that the boy and his parents should not be identified and that the NHS trust that applied for permission to withdraw life support should not be named until after the boy's death. The solicitor representing his parents told …


: Meaning has a close relationship with semantics. In addition, meaning is the purpose of what we say. Meanings have various types, including the types of meaning consisting of basic meanings, additional meanings, figurative language meanings, nafsi meanings and iha'i meanings. Meanwhile, when viewed from the accuracy of the meaning, the types of meaning are divided into lexical, grammatical, denotative and connotative meanings, conceptual, associative, word meanings, term meanings, idiomatic meanings and language. And when viewed from the side of dal wa madlul the types of meaning consist of al-ma'na al-asasi, al-ma'na al-idafi, al-ma'na al-uslubi, al-ma'na an-nafsi and al-maa'na al-iha'i. Along with the development of the times meaning also changes. Therefore, the writer feels that there is a need for deeper analysis in the study of meaning. The method used in this research is descriptive method using literature study, namely digging for information via the internet, reading books, journals and so on. Meanwhile, the change in meaning is a shift from the first meaning to the next, and meaning can change based on generalization, specialization, amelioration, pejoration, synesthesia, association, euphemism and dysmefia. Factors that change meaning are due to the development of science and technology, social and cultural development, development of usage, association, exchange of sensory responses, differences in responses and abbreviations. These changes that occur do not occur at the same time but there are factors that influence them.


Word mismatch between user queries and corpus documents is an important issue in Chinese Information Retrieval domain,which impacts the information retrieval effectiveness,this paper proposes the strategy of improved information retrieval based on user information.It takes the best use of the user's query,and expands the query and the word.Experiment on NTCIR-4 corpus shows that the proposed method performed the very well.


The precipitation behavior and microstructural evolution of α phase in a novel metastable β-type Ti alloy, Ti-10Mo-6Zr-4Sn-3Nb (wt.%), during isothermal compression are investigated in this study through the use of SEM (scanning electron microscope), TEM (transmission electron microscope) (HRTEM) (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) and EBSD techniques. The results show that some finer α precipitates are randomly distributed within the β matrix during hot deformation. The morphological characteristics of α precipitates are distinctly different from those of α precipitates during the same solution-plus-aging treatment. The volume fraction of α precipitate gradually increases with increased true strain. A large proportion of precipitated α phases are prone to be precipitated at HAGBs (high-angle grain boundaries) and LAGBs (low-angle grain boundaries) during isothermal deformation. On the contrary, only a small amount of spherical α phases is precipitated within the β grain. The crystallographic orientation relationships for most spherical α precipitates formed at LAGBs and within the β grains are similar, whereas the crystallographic orientation relationships for α precipitates at grain boundaries are significantly different. The precipitation behavior of α phase in the Ti-B12 alloy during hot compression is considerably influenced by the density of dislocations.


This study aims to analyze the comparison of the academic result of the EA447 Managerial Accounting course using offline and online learning at the Management and Accounting undergraduate study program during 10 semesters of the 2016-2020 academic years at Indonesia Persada University-Jakarta. This study uses simple descriptive statistics to analyze the pass rate, failure rate and eligibility rate to take the final semester exam. The data is taken from the academic section of the institution in the form of student scores based on offline learning before the covid-19 pandemic, namely the odd semester 2016/17, 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20, and 2019/20 and the academic year in online learning during the covid19 pandemic in the even semester 2019/2020, and the 2020/2021 school year. The results of this study indicate that the graduation rate is high, the failure rate is low, and the eligibility rate for taking the final semester exam is lower in online learning outcomes than offline learning outcomes. This finding implied to provide references in applying offline and online learning for the Management and Accounting undergraduate study program at the university.


In spite that the soft power theory needs to be developed and perfected,its contribution to the international theory should not be neglected.What is more important is that if the scholars can make research on it strongly in order to form a kind of self-characterized " soft power" theory,national development strategy would be enriched and national practice would be directed.With the combination of China's peaceful rise strategy background,the article has taught about its own understandings which is based on the above considerations.


Ovarian development and dispersal flight were ex amined in convergent lady beetles collected at fall aggregation sites and stored overwinter at 32?C to simulate natural spring popula tions. Fed beetles attained ovarian maturity within 8 days. Beetles treated with juvenile hormone mimic (JHM), methoprene, showed intermediate ovarian development but maturity was not attained. Unfed convergent lady beetles showed 18% dispersal the day of removal from cold storage, 84% after 3 days and 66% after 6 days. Fed beetles showed 63% dispersal after 3 days. Fed and unfed convergent lady beetles flight tested from 8:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. did not significantly disperse until 11:00 a.m. when temperatures were 15 to 22?C, although feeding on aphids was observed at lower temperatures. It is suggested that naturally occuring spring dispersal flight of the lady beetles alternates with feeding behavior until the ovaries are mature.


Previous evaluation of a commercially available charged electrode—filter system, carried out as part of a more general study of environmental control in hospital clean rooms, questioned the effectiveness of the system for odor removal. The current study was undertaken in an effort to carefully evaluate the effectiveness of this charged electrode system (consisting of high-voltage and high-frequency units) for odor "removal" or "neutralization" in a hospital clean room. Tests were conducted "in situ" at three different odorant (sulfide) concentration levels with judges preselected from hospital personnel. Both dependent and independent statistical treatments were given to the data obtained. The results indicate that the odorant control system studied was unable to demonstrate reduced or "neutralized" odor effect.


The objective of the study is to identify and evaluate possibilities for aligning a small company's strategy with the needs of a market consisting of NGOs. By doing so enabling further development of products and services to achieve a high fit to the market needs.


Excerpt To the editor: The critique of the calcium deficiency hypothesis of hypertension offered by Kaplan and Meese ( 1 ) provides a substantial argument against the "theoretical construct" propos...


Breath-holding occurs after often pain, anger, crying, trauma, etc. in early childhood. It is defined as episodes of breathlessness and discoloration. Although the pathophysiology of breath-holding is not fully known, it is thought to be due to many factors. Factors such as genetic predisposition, iron deficiency anemia, autonomic nervous system immaturity, vagal-mediated cardiac inhibition, delayed myelination of the brain stem have been blamed in the etiopathogenesis. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the role of lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil/monocyte ratio, MPV/platelet ratio parameters, which are indirect markers of inflammation, in etiopathogenesis. The files of 48 patients who were diagnosed with breath-holding in the pediatric neurology clinic of Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine between 01.01.2020-01.01.2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic characteristics and laboratory results of 42 healthy children who were admitted to the pediatric clinic in the same period and who were similar to the study group were compared. When the breath-holding was compared with the control group; age, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, serum iron, serum iron-binding capacity, ferritin, lymphocyte, lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be significantly different. Neutrophil percentage, lymphocyte percentage, lymphocyte, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio which was found to be significantly different are accepted as indicators of subclinical infection or systemic inflammatory response. It is necessary to investigate whether infection, which is one of the most common causes of inflammation in children, is a triggering factor in breath-holding. We think that the presence of infection and/or inflammation should be excluded in the etiopathogenesis of breath-holding. We believe that it would be appropriate to evaluate the lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil/monocyte ratio, MPV / platelet ratio, which is accepted as proinflammation parameters of patients with breath-holding.


1. A method of treating cancer in a patient comprising administering at least one encapsulated chemotherapeutic agent and at least one amphiphilic block copolymer of the present patsientu.2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said encapsulated chemotherapeutic agent and said amphiphilic block copolymer is contained in one kompozitsii.3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said encapsulated chemotherapeutic agent and said amphiphilic block copolymer contained in different kompozitsiyah.4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that said encapsulated chemotherapeutic agent and said amphiphilic block copolymer is administered at least posledovatelno.5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that said encapsulated chemotherapeutic agent is administered to said amphiphilic block sopolimera.6. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said encapsulated chemotherapeutic agent and said amphiphilic block copolymer is administered at least odnovremenno.7. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said chemotherapeutic drug is encapsulated liposome doksorubitsin.8. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that said amphiphilic block copolymer containing at least one ethylene oxide block and at least one block of propylene oksida.9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that said amphiphilic block sopolimeryavlyaetsya poly (ethylene oxide) -poly (propylene oxide) -poly (ethylene oxide) triblock sopolimerom.10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the poly (propylene oxide) and amf


We study several aspects of the Mobius function, μ[σ, π], on the poset of permutations under the pattern containment order.

First, we consider cases where the lower bound of the poset is indecomposable. We show that μ[σ, π] can be computed by considering just the indecomposable permutations contained in the upper bound. We apply this to the case where the upper bound is an increasing oscillation, and give a method for computing the value of the Mobius function that only involves evaluating simple inequalities.

We then consider conditions on an interval which guarantee that the value of the Mobius function is zero. In particular, we show that if a permutation π contains two intervals of length 2, which are not order-isomorphic to one another, then μ[1, π] = 0. This allows us to prove that the proportion of permutations of length n with principal Mobius function equal to zero is asymptotically bounded below by (1−1/e) 2 ≥ 0.3995. This is the first result determining the value of μ[1, π] for an asymptotically positive proportion of permutations π.

Following this, we use "2413-balloon" permutations to show that the growth of the principal Mobius function on the permutation poset is exponential. This improves on previous work, which has shown that the growth is at least polynomial.

We then generalise 2413-balloon permutations, and find a recursion for the value of the principal Mobius function of these generalisations.

Finally, we look back at the results found, and discuss ways to relate the results from each chapter. We then consider further research avenues.