This paper presents a time-domain methodology to measure the devices' live impedance at the frequency range between 30 Hz and 100 kHz. This measurement is a requirement for some space applications to ensure the stability between DC/DC converters and the onboard power. The methodology is based on a multitone excitation combined with current and voltage measurements performed with an oscilloscope. The experiments show that the measurement system obtains accurate results and offers new capabilities to deal with the drawbacks that traditional frequency-sweep instrumentation implies. The multitone approach injects signals at the entire frequency range simultaneously. Therefore, the measurement system is able to characterize time-varying and the nonlinear devices. The time-domain measurement system has been validated through different test cases achieving excellent results compared with the ones obtained using the reference impedance frequency-sweep approach.


Chron's disease is an inflammatory disorder that can involve any part of GI tract but most commonly involves the small intestine. Many of the patients with Cohn's disease end up requiring surgery, and the 10-year risk of requiring surgery is estimated to be around 50%. The most common type of surgery in patients with Crohn's disease is ileocecal resection. More than 40,000 ileostomies are formed annually in the United States. Up to 15% of patients who receive ileostomy experience a de novo or community-onset AKI within 90 days. Oral rehydration with iso-osmolar fluids is the mainstay of outpatient management. Both hypotonic fluids, and hypertonic fluids can cause a net flow of fluid into the bowel lumen increasing the ostomy output. We aimed to study the risk of AKI within 30 days in CD patients after an ileostomy procedure.

 We collected data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project- (HCUP) Nationwide Readmission Database- 2016- 2018. CD patients were identified and those who received an ileostomy procedure were identified using ICD-10 and PCS-10 codes respectively. Median and IQR were used to describe Continuous variables, and proportions were used with categorical variables. Comparison between groups was performed by Mann Whitney test for continuous variables and the Chi-Square test for Categorical variables.

 We identified 214,622 index hospitalizations with CD, 3,789 of whom received an ileostomy procedure. Of those who received ileostomy, 2.1% were readmitted within 30 days for a primary diagnosis of AKI while 2.9% had 30-day readmission with a secondary diagnosis of AKI. CD patients admitted for AKI after ileostomy had a median length of stay of 14 days (IQR: 8-24). CD patients who received ileostomy had a higher rate of 30-day admission for AKI (2.1% vs. 0.3%, P <0.001) and a higher rate of 30-day readmission with a secondary diagnosis of AKI (2.9% vs. 1.5%, P <0.001) compared to CD patients who didn't receive ileostomy during the index hospitalization. CD patients who received an ileostomy procedure and were readmitted for AKI within 30 days had an average cost of hospitalization of $140,544 (IQR: $85,072 - $242,059). CD patients admitted for AKI within 30 days after an ileostomy were older (59, IQR: 48-69 vs. 47, IQR: 33-61, P <0.001) compared to those who didn't have a 30day readmission for AKI respectively.

 In a nationwide cohort of patients hospitalized with Crohn's disease, patients who received ileostomy had a significant risk of AKI within 30-days. The development of AKI was associated with significant morbidity, hospital readmission, and elevated costs of hospitalization. Further studies are needed to investigate novel measures to decrease the risk of AKI in this patient population.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: medium has agent for amplifying ultrasonic image and carrier. Amplifying agent has chemical substance being gas heated to temperature of organism body subjected to ultrasonic scanning. The chemical substance is in the form of micro bubbles which life duration in water is at least 50 times longer than that of air bubbles in water. The carrier is liquid. The means improves ultrasonic images of cardiovascular system or other organs of vital importance owing to extremely small bubbles, micro bubbles, composed of specially selected gases. The mentioned microbubbles are distinguished by their long life duration in solution and size small enough to penetrate lungs. Method for selecting gases to create contrasting agents involves making calculations with physical properties of gases taken into consideration and describing means for relating gas properties to time required for solving microbubbles. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of method; high image contrast. 31 cl, 8 tbl


Enzyme cytochemistry, special histlogical staining and surface marker were investigated in 20 cases of untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (17 Reticulum cell sarcomas and 3 lymphosarcamas).Histiocytes exhibit a relatively strong and and thus enzyme cytochemical activity of nonspecific esterase. Non-specific esterase activities were hardly observed in tumor cells. The tumor cells were arisen originally from lymphocytes. Immunoglobulin was identified on the surface of neoplastic lymphocytes in 11 of 20 patients. IgG heavy chain was observed in 5 cases, IgA was in 2 cases. IgG and A was in one, and IgM and G was in one case. Two B cell species could be recognized by cell surface marker study. One had C3 receptor and the other had not.E-rosette formation was oberved in neoplastic lymphocytes in 3 cases. In one case the lymphocytes were identified as B cells. The other two were identified as T cells.However, neoplastic lymphocytes of 7 cases were termed as Null cells since they showed neither of T or B cell markers.The Null cell type of neoplastic lymphocytes was thought to have two origins, one was arisen originally from the Null and the other was from T or B cells whose surface marker was lost.


Image fusion algorithm based on gradient pyramid is one of the multi-scale, multi-resolution decomposition algorithms. Original image was decomposed into Gauss pyramid, after that, gradient decomposition was completed on each layer in four directions, and fusion effect was evaluated by taking using of entropy, average gradient, mean and standard deviation. Simulation results show that gradient pyramid algorithm is effective to multi-focus image and color image.


INTRODUCTION: failures to follow medical prescriptions increase health problems and diseases progression, and make it impossible for to estimate effects and value of a specific treatment. AIM: to characterize causes generating the non-adherence to pharmacologic treatment in hypertensive patients. METHODS: cross-sectional descriptive and observational study including 241 hypertensive patients registered by some anti-hypertensive drug in selected community drugstore In Guantanamo, Las Tunas, Camaguey, Villa Clara, Gramma, Santiago de Cuba, and Ciego de Avila provinces. Survey was the method of information collection. RESULTS: more used anti-hypertensive drugs were Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide, and Atenolol and the first one with a 31,9 %, the drug with higher percentage of non-fulfillment and the cause of an adverse event. Fulfillment was higher in patients younger aged than 30. Second place within causes of adverse reactions, with the 16,9 % for leave treatment was for cough, skin reactions, and weakness. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse reactions are located within the more frequent causes of leaving anti-hypertensive treatment and Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide those with the greatest frequency of leaving. Most of adverse reactions mentioned are considered as minor.


Welcome to the first annual Reviews Issue of Fashion Theory. The dictionary meanings of a review can range from a looking back, a consideration retrospectively, something "with an eye to criticism of correction," a "restudying of subject materials," "an inspection for the purpose of evaluation," "a report or essay giving a critical estimate of a work or performance," even a formal military inspection, and lastly a "musical show consisting of often satirical skits, songs, and dances." There is not much son et lumière in the issue, but we proceed from the conviction that reviews of books and exhibitions in the field of fashion play an essential role in developing the discipline. Reviews are increasingly hard to secure; academics feel their time is tight. Most journals have reduced the word length possible considerably, some as low as 650 words. We felt that Fashion Theory needed extended positioning reviews in which writers could frame up wide areas of thought—the London Review of Books provides the exemplary template. To be a good reviewer one has to be an expert in a field, and Alexandra Palmer is the Nora E. Vaughan Fashion Costume Senior Curator and Chair of the Veronika Gervers Research Fellowship in Textiles & Costume at the Royal Ontario Museum. firstname.lastname@example.com


Facial Expression Recognition (FER) has gained interest among researchers because of its ineludible role in human computer interaction (HCI). It is found to be useful in information security, data privacy, user authentication, person identification and in many areas. FER is also useful in recognizing social signals, social behavior, deceit detection, interactive video and behavior monitoring in the field of human-computer interaction. Aim of this paper is to identify a classifier which is most accurate to identify emotions like sad, disgust, angry and fear. For this the performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Radial basis function (RBF), Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN), Decision tree (J48), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Neural Network (NN) classifiers are evaluated. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used as the dimensionality reduction technique. Local binary pattern (LBP), Histogram of Gradient (HOG), Gabor wavelet and Chi-Square are used as the feature extraction technique. The evaluation process was conducted on MMI, JAFFE and Extended Cohn Kanade $(\mathbf{CK}+)$ facial expression datasets. It is found that the classifier KNN gives classification accuracy of 93.46 % in identifying the emotions which may lead to stress.


To the Editor:— We have just read the communication by Dr. Victor Jacobson inThe Journalof Nov. 1, 1941, page 1557. It may be of interest that one of our unpublished observations confirm his point of view that silver is not excreted in the urine. Some years ago we studied a case of obvious argyria, and we tried by the technics which we had used in cases of lead poisoning to withdraw the silver from its depots in the body. In spite of a prolonged investigation, with fairly heavy deleading treatment, no measurable amount of silver was ever found in the urine. From this we decided that lead and silver differed greatly in their metabolic responses in the body.


A set of evaluation index system including 13 indexes of low-carbon city development level was established based on the driving forces-pressure-state-impact-response model. The development level of low-carbon economy of 25 cities in Yangtze River Delta was evaluated by factor analysis. The results showed that the development level of low-carbon economy in Shanghai was the highest, and the average levels of low-carbon economy of Zhejiang and Jiangsu province were similar. But there is much difference between the north part and the south part in a same province. In Zhejiang province the level of the north part was higher than the south part. Conversely, the level of the north part was lower than the south part in Jiangsu province. Lastly, the adjustment of industrial structure, increasing of the environmental investments and the awareness of low-carton ideas to the public are suggested to promote the development level of low-carbon economy.


The writing of church history has gone through many transformations in the past four decades. Postcolonial studies, postmodernism, theological studies of the Trinity and of the missio Dei, along with the movement of the center of Christianity from the West to the South, have all influenced how Christian history (as opposed to church history) is envisioned and written. It is the thesis of this essay that Christianity should be written on its own terms, as a centered set religion viewed with the dual eyes of cruciformity (humiliation; power in weakness) and apostolicity (sending of the Body of Christ into the world). The implications of such story-telling are given in specific examples.


In order to realize "deep integration" of the information technology and the education, achieve the reform of "students-centered" teaching paradigm, and further explore new teaching modes, our school carried out the teaching reform of flipped classroom by utilizing the self-constructed SPOC resources for power and electronic technology. This paper firstly analyzed all kinds of problem of traditional teaching mode existed in teaching of the power and electronic technology course, proposed taking SPOC + flipped classroom based teaching methods as countermeasures, and then expounded the detailed operation methods of such countermeasures. The result shows that the students think highly of the cognition degree, participation degree and satisfaction degree to SPOC flipped classroom. Comparing to traditional classroom, the students prefer this mode and their abilities of study and practice are improved significantly.


The purpose of the presented work was dedicated to identifying the
species composition of the mycobiota of honey bees in Azerbaijan condition.
From the samples taken from bees, materials became clear that in the formation of mycobiota those materials (from bees, from where they live and their products) in generally participate 52 species of fungi. Among the
recorded fungi, species
take part such as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., Aspergillus flavus Link, Candida albicans (C.P. Robin) Berkhout, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link, Penicillium cuclopium Westling, P. granulatum Bainier and etc. which carry features
conditionally pathogenicity, toxicity, allergens and danger to biological productivity of bees and as well as to
pollution of their products. It is known for a long time to scientists that
these species are dangerous for human health. For this reason, preparation of normative documents that reflect the principles of microbiological safety of
bee products is a necessary task.


We address the problem of coding video signals in the presence of correlated video side information. The correlated video signals may originate from cameras that monitor the same scene from different view points. We utilize motion-compensated temporal wavelet transforms to decorrelate the video signals in the temporal direction. One camera signal provides the side information to improve the coding of the second camera signal. The side information is utilized in the transform domain after disparity compensation in the image domain. Given the correlation of the video side information, we investigate the bit rate reduction for the video coding scheme. Interestingly, the efficiency of multi-view side information is dependent on the level of temporal decorrelation: For a given correlation-SNR of the side information, bit rate savings due to side information decrease with improved temporal decorrelation.


Providing access to high-quality care is one of the top priorities of the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The VHA is the largest integrated health care system in the United States, providing care at 1255 health care facilities, including 170 VHA medical centres and 1074 outpatient sites for care of varying complexity. However, substantial shortages of primary and specialty care providers exist across the nation, including within the VHA.1The deployment of clinical pharmacists in various roles may be one way to address gaps in care. As advanced practice providers, clinical pharmacists have improved medication safety, quality of care, and clinical outcomes for veterans, as well as the general population. Hundreds of studies, many of which were conducted in the VHA setting, have been published in the peer-reviewed literature and have demonstrated benefits of pharmacist-directed patient care.2,3 For example, in their comprehensive systematic review, Chisholm-Burns and others4 evaluated 298 studies of the effect of US pharmacists, working as members of care teams, on patient care and found positive results in terms of therapeutic and safety metrics. The most frequently reported therapeutic outcomes included reductions in hemoglobin A1c, low-density lipoprotein, and blood pressure. Clinical pharmacist care has also improved humanistic components of patient care related to patient satisfaction, adherence to therapy, and knowledge of medications. The authors of a 2008 literature review of the economic impact of clinical pharmacist providers endeavoured to quantify the benefit-to-cost ratio.5 Among studies reporting data suitable for determining the benefit-to-cost ratio (n = 15), the pooled median value revealed that for every dollar invested in a clinical pharmacist, US$4.81 was achieved in cost reductions or other economic benefits.5 The current review article highlights the VHA's efforts to utilize pharmacists as direct patient care providers to increase quality of and access to care for the veteran patient in a valuebased payment model.


In article on the basis of the analysis of is standard-legal base and the periodic press features of carrying out of educational reform of 1988, its influence on changes in vocational training of Ukraine are considered.


In this paper, we study plenary train algebras of rank 4 admitting an idempotent. We obtain the Peirce decomposition of these algebras relative to an idempotent and the product of the associated Peirce components. The effect of changing an idempotent is discussed under the e-stability hypothesis. We show that a back-crossing algebra is a plenary train algebra of rank 4 if and only if it is a principal train algebra of rank 4. Finally, we study the particular case of monogenic back-crossing train algebras.


A good boss can have a substantial positive effect on the productivity of a typical worker. While much has been written about the peer effects of working with good peers, the effects of working with good bosses appear much more substantial. A good boss can enhance the performance of their employees and can lower the quit rate. This may also be relevant in situations where it is challenging to employ incentive pay structures, such as when quality is difficult to observe. As such, firms should invest sufficiently in the hiring of good bosses with skills that are appropriate to their role.


Cultural intelligence (CQ) is an important construct attracting growing attention in academic literature and describing cross-cultural competencies. To date, researchers have only partially tested the relationship between CQ and its dependent variables, such as performance. In this study, the relationship between CQ and communication effectiveness and job satisfaction is measured in a sample of 225 Chinese managers working for foreign multinational enterprises in China. The results show that CQ plays an important role in reducing anxiety and influencing both communication effectiveness and job satisfaction positively. Another outcome is the unexpected influence of anxiety on job satisfaction but not on communication effectiveness. These findings contribute to the development of theory with regard to the CQ construct.


Maillard-type lysozyme-polysaccharide conjugates revealed the best emulsifying properties among various protein-polysaccharide conjugates. To elucidate the mechanism of the excellent emulsifying properties of Maillard-type lysozyme-polysaccharide conjugate, the emulsifying properties of the galactomannan conjugate with α-lactalbumin having extensive structural homology with lysozyme were compared to those of lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate. The lysozyme and α-lactalbumin were attached two and three galactomannans per mole of protein, respectively, through Maillard reaction in a dry state at 60 o C under 79% relative humidity for 2 weeks


Aims:  The glycopeptide‐resistance transferability from vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) of clinical and animal origin to different species of Listeria was investigated.


HE reason for the maintenance of considerable genetic heterogeneity in natural populations has for some time been a central problem of genetic evolutionary theory. Interest in this problem has been renewed in recent years by the delineation of many new genetic polymorphisms in man and other species. Some human polymorphisms, like the MN blood groups and haptoglobin serum groups, have a worldwidle distribution, every population studied having two or more genotypes of the polymorphism. Therefore it has been argued that these are, or were until recently, balanced polymorphisms. The extent of heterozygosity in natural populations has recently been more accurately estimated by ]LEWONTIN and HUBBY (1 966). These authors studied a number of proteins in Drosophila pseudoobscura, and concluded that the average individual is heterozygous for at least 12% of genes in the entire genome. This value is comparable with that found by HARRIS (1966) for man, using enzymes of the blood. Both of these values are of course contingent on the assumption that a random sample of genes, has been surveyed. The possibility that the high level of heterozygosity is attributable to heterozygote advantage was examined by LEWONTIN and HUBBY. However, they considered this explanation suspect, on the grounds that such a high level of heterozygosity would imply an enormous genetic load on the population. In other words (cf. KIMURA and CROW 1964), if polymorphisms are maintained by heterozygote advantage, the diflerence in fitness between the multiple heterozygote and the population mean, assuming simple combination of selective values of the constituent genes, would be larger than the conceivable maximum difference of selective values determined by the basic physiology of the species. In the following account we will attempt to show that arguments of this sort are based on one particular assumption of the way in which selection acts. In general, extreme fitnesses of multiple heterozygotes do not appear to be a necessary feature of a model with heterozygote advantage at a large number of loci. However, it will be further shown that results from inbreeding studies can be


The paper presents a method to realize individual learning of knowledge points by making use of the second development of the stream media courseware in distance education.It also discusses the difficulties of the courseware development and the realization of the program.


Most current image-level weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) methods are based on class activation map (CAM). However, the main limitation of weakly supervised semantic segmentation is that the CAMs generated by the WSSS network always focus on the most discriminative parts of the object, limiting the CAM to capture the holistic object. So we propose an average activation network to generate CAMs of the holistic object with weakly supervision. We restrain the highest activation regions of the CAM by continuously splitting the training image on the maximum activation point of the CAM during the training process. In this way, our network pays more attention to the whole of the object. In addition, we propose a CAM similarity loss function to narrow the gap between fully-supervised semantic segmentation (FSSS) and WSSS. We conducted experiments on the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset to validate the effectiveness of our method.


urban policy. In addition, this volume has the good fortune of having at least one solid, wellwritten, and theoretically useful contribution in each of its four sections. Part 1, which deals with the determinants of policy, is especially strong. Readers who did not catch the version that appeared in the New York Affairs (Spring, 1979) will find "the Mayor's Eight-Ring Circus" by Douglas Yates both interesting and insightful for its optimism about the impact of fiscal scarcity on the ability of mayors to influence the policy process. For balance, one can turn to Demetrios Caraley's contribution which paints a more critical picture of what "formula politics" and other federal policies have done to the shaping of public policy in urban America. The section on minorities and policy is perhaps the weakest in the volume. Nevertheless, readers will find Peter Eisinger's findings, which contrast sharply with other studies concerning the impact of black participation in community action programs, rather interesting. The best contribution from a theoretical standpoint in the section on the fiscal crisis and policy is probably that of Paul Peterson. Although many urbanists will disagree with this piece, which also appeared in the British Journal of Political Science (July, 1979), it is a refreshing statement of the unitary model of local taxation and expenditure policies. For these who savor the decentralism themes of Louis Massotti, this section also includes a selection that is Massotti at his best. Part 4 of the volume deals with the distribution of benefits in urban areas. Hard-nosed empiricists may be critical of this section. But this reader found Richard Rich's plea for looking at the interjurisdictional dimensions of this problem most useful. The metropolis, after all, has replaced the city and intra-jurisdictional service distributions as the critical dimension of urban life for several decades. Finally, Sara Silbiger's piece on unions and the distribution of benefits, while limited to that gigantic exception to everything—New York City—offers a chance to explore the interesting question of how public sector unions impact the distribution of public goods among various sectors of urban society.


The recent COVID-19 pandemic has produced profound changes in our lives. In Japan, the first identified case of COVID-19 was reported on January 16, 2020. Mortality among elderly patients with COVID-19 has been striking, suggesting that patients with dementia may also belong to a high-risk group. Fujita-Health University is located in Toyoake, Aichi prefecture. The outpatient clinic of the Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders at Fujita-Health University was opened in April 2016. The clinic staff currently comprises three medical doctors, five nurses, five occupational therapists and three psychologists. The clinic received 2700 total visits from patients with 364 first visits patients between April 2019 and March 2020. In particular, 198 first visits patients were suffering with dementia, with a mean age of 80.0 years (SD 6.7; 61.7% female). Another 94 showed mild cognitive impairment, with a mean age of 78.5 years (SD 6.4; 49.7% female). The other 72 were diagnosed normal or other diseases. The number of face-to-face visits in the outpatient clinic was predicted to be reduced with outbreak of COVID-19. Here, we report observational data for visits to our outpatient clinic by dementia patients during the COVID-19. We compared monthly total visits, first visits, cancelled reservations or noshows and telemedicine consultations performed from February until June 2020. This study was approved by the institutional review board of FujitaHealth University Hospital. The first case of COVID-19 infection in Aichi prefecture was reported on January 26, 2020. The number of cases started growing in February. With the increasing number of cases, a decline was seen in the number of first visits. Thereafter, total visits also decreased (Fig. 1). The first state of alarm was declared in Tokyo metropolitan and six prefectures on April 6, 2020, but did not include Aichi prefecture. However, the state of alarm was expanded to the entirety of Japan on April 17. April showed a 23.5% decrease in total visits to our outpatient clinic (Fig. 1). The number of new domestic infections of COVID-19 peaked at 714 on April 12, then the number of new domestic infections gradually decreased. The state of alarm was lifted on May 25, 2020. Numbers of first visits in February, March, April, May and June were 27, 18, 23, 18 and 33, respectively. Numbers of cancelled reservations or no-shows for the same periods were 13, 10, 18, 16 and six, respectively. The telemedicine consultations started in March 2020 at Fujita-Health University Hospital, with two, 12, eight and three consultations in March, April, May and June, respectively. The number of telemedicine consultations showed a marked decrease in June (Fig. 1). Overall, total visits and first visits were trending toward the pre-outbreak baseline. Overall, numbers of first visits and total visits between February and June 2020 were 119 and 1008, respectively, compared to 160 and 1035, respectively, for the same period in 2019. Our results show that after an initial dip, activity in our outpatient clinic resumed baseline activity within 4 months. A Spanish study reported that total visits including telemedicine consultations were at 78% of visit levels before the outbreak. One reason for the decrease in first visits may have been declines in referrals from general practitioners. Telemedicine is a real option for care, but the number of telemedicine consultations decreased within a short time. One reason for this may be that the state of alarm was lifted on May 25, 2020. Patients and their families may have desired face-to-face visits due to anxiety about potential deterioration of dementia. According to Japan Medical Association, medical fees in outpatient clinics of internal medicine based on year-on-year comparison


Background: abortion is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, occurring in 10–15% of pregnant women, whiles recurrent spontaneous abortion, rate of 2–5%, is defined as ≥ 3 spontaneous abortions. Aim of the Work: was totry to find relationship between serum AMH concentration which represent ovarian reserve, Antral Follicular count and any pelvic Structural abnormality using 3D ultrasound in assessment cases with spontaneous recurrent abortion. Patients and Methods: A multicenter, randomized trial included 100 women who were divided into 2 groups; Group 1, included 50 patients with ≥ 3 recurrent abortions and Group 2, included 50 parous women with regular menstrual cycles and having one or more living child without any history of pregnancy loss or pelvic structural abnormality. Every subject was subjected to assessing hormonal profile including anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and Transvaginal ultrasonography. Results: AMH was found to have negative correlation with age, number of abortions, FSH and LH. Conclusion: It could be concluded that Anti-Mullerian hormone is the best indicator of ovarian reserve with a high sensitivity and specificity, so ovarian reserve of women with recurrent spontaneous abortions is not defective.


Janus particles represent a unique class of nanoparticle materials with an asymmetrical structure, analogous to the dual-faced Roman god, Janus. In this chapter, a variety of methods are described for the preparation of these amphiphilic particles. Their important properties and applications are also highlighted with specific experimental examples. The chapter concludes with some perspectives on the research of functional patchy nanoparticles.


Abstract The training of practitioners in Traditional Oriental Medicine has a history spanning from the Sung Dynasty (960 to 1279 C.E. or roughly thereabouts) to contemporary schools and colleges of Traditional Oriental Medicine in China, the United States, Canada, France, and other countries throughout the world. This article reviews relevant Web sites containing information about educational institutions, state regulatory commissions, national accreditation agencies, and development of Ph.D. programs in Acupuncture.


The erroneous assumption that the concept of participatory democracy is fully operational within the educational complex is, at least in part, partially responsible for the difficulties educational administrators and planners have keeping abreast of and dealing effectively with citizens' opinions regarding key issues in education. The central question of this study is whether the strategy of an on-going assessment of citizen opinion can bring about greater participation by citizens in the educational decision making process. Further, the study investigates the merits of the Delphi Technique as an effective means for accomplishing this on—going assessment.


Objective Tostudytheadvantagesofthebrokenendlockingsutureintendonrepairofflexortendoninzone Ⅱ.Methods 155 cases(188 tendons in zone Ⅱ) were hospitalized from Mar 2008 to Mar 2011,including 114 males and 41 females.155 cases were divided randomely into two groups,group A: 79cases(95 tendons) were performed tendon repair with broken end locking suture;group B: 76cases(93 tendons) were performed tendon repair with modified kessler surture.Results Group A compared with group B,the anastomosis of tendons were more smooth,leveling,compact and stronger tensile strength.The results were evaluated with the TAM,group A: 61 tendons get excellent,22 tendons get good,11 tendons get fair and 1 tendon get poor,the rate of excellent or good result was 87.36%;2 tendons ruptured,the rate of rupture was 2.10%.group B: 36 tendons get excellent,35 tendons get good,16 tendons get fair and 6 tendons get poor,the rate of excellent or good was 76.34%,5 tendons rupture,the rate of rupture was 5.37%.The result had significance of statistics.Conclusion Tendon repair with broken end locking suture has some advantages such as more smooth,leveling and compact,stronger anti-tensile strength and anti-fatigue.It is an ideal method of tendon repair for early rehabilitation,decrease adhesion of tendon and increase functional rehabilitation.


[Objective]To monitor and analyze epidemiological features of Brucellosis so as to understand the epidemic tendency of it, and provide evidence for prevention and control guideline. [Methods] Epidemiological Analysis was made on the data collected from statements of the epidemic, the special survey and experimental test results over the years. [Results] Infections between the livestock increased, and a number of outbreaks point appeared in recent years. A total of 114 serum and 224 people monitoring showed that the RBPT positive rate was 19.3%, the difference between the years was significant. (χ2=26.6758,P0.05), 6 out of 20 SAT detections(20.7%) was positive without typical clinical manifestations, previous and present infected patients was identified by GB. [Conclusion]A trend of the epidemic fluctuations should be dynamically observed, human and livestock disease should be attracted more attention.


I point out how coherence vortices, i.e., topological defects in a correlation function, could help explore new physics if they are created in matter waves. Vortex dynamics could be studied in up to six dimensions, and spin topological defects unseen in lower dimensions could be created. A rudimentary proof-of-principle experiment is sketched and simulated, in which three Bose-Einstein condensates are used to create and detect coherence vortices.


A B S T RA C T Scanning electron microscopic examination of Cephaleuros virescens growing on leaves of Magnolia grandiflora has provided detailed observations which parallel, extend, and, in general, confirm previous light microscopic studies. The present study has revealed that in the ontogeny of terminal zoosporangia, apical zones form in the surface of an enlarged pyriform cell ancl that these zones, in some cases, are surrounded by a circumferential ridge, an external indica tion of an internal septum. A similar circumferential ridge is seen at the base of developing terminal zoosporangia. Contrary to some published accounts, the abscission of terminal sporangia does not commence with tearing of the pedicel-sporangium septal wall, but rather with an internal separation of the septum which is followed by a circumscissile t:earing of the septal wall. The completion of abscission entails the emergence of a septal protuberance from the pedicel and/or the terminal sporangium in a process reminiscent of filament fragmentation in zygnematacean algae containing "replicate end walls." Zoospore exit pores form in a lateral position on the terminal sporangia and are not coincident with the septal protuberances as has been reported in some recent accounts. Although both biflagellate and quadriflagellate zoospores have been seen in the light microscope, only the former have been observed with SEM. The SEM observations recorded in this study have provided a basis for comparison not only with light microscopic data, but also with transmission electron microscopic data which are now being recorded. Observations reported will be useful for interspecific and intergeneric comparisons.


Introduction: Bleeding is one of the main causes of death associated with trauma. In the general population, knowledge of techniques to control bleeding is scarce or null in most situations, as well as the tools needed to perform them. The American College of Surgeons (ACS) "Stop the Bleed" campaign has the objective of training non-medical personnel to perform life-saving maneuvers to control bleeding in emergency and trauma situations. Materials and methods: A prospective, observational study. Surveys were conducted on knowledge of maneuvers to control bleeding among non-medical personnel. The training was done using the "Stop the Bleeding" B-CON Course of the ACS followed by evaluations. Results: Four hundred and twelve non-medical military personnel were trained, of whom 320 were medical students 27 surgical assistants, 35 nursing assistants, and 30 members of the armed forces. 92.7% (382) had no previous knowledge of any of the maneuvers. 73.3% (302) had some familiarity with tourniquets, of whom 6.55% (27) knew how to apply it. One hundred percent reported being unprepared to perform the maneuvers on their own before the course. Evaluation: after taking the course, 401 (92.3%) were able to correctly place the tourniquet on others, while 223 (54.1%) were able to apply on themselves. All participants (100%) performed wound compression correctly. Three hundred and forty-one (82.7%) reported feeling fully capable to perform the maneuvers after the course, while 71 (17.2%) requested to repeat it. One hundred percent of the respondents reported that the acquired skills and knowledge were beneficial. Conclusion: The training of non-medical military personnel, as well as the general population, may be valuable to reduce deaths caused by exsanguinating hemorrhage. The authors believe educational programs are recommended and should be implemented in the general civilian and military communities as well as making the necessary tools widely available. The active participation of the medical community and their continuous interaction with the general population via injury prevention activities are important to reduce deaths caused by trauma.


st AIAA CFD High Lift Prediction Workshop, the NASA Trap Wing wind tunnel model is analyzed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) flow solver OVERFLOW. A family of structured, overset grids built for the workshop consists of a coarse (10.7 million points), medium (25.0 million points), fine (83.3 million points), and extra-fine (281.6 million points) mesh. Additional grids are built to study effects of slat and flap support brackets and off-body flow features such as a tip vortex. The OVERFLOW results are post-processed using Richardson extrapolation to evaluate grid convergence at 13 o and 28 o angle-of-attack. The medium grid is analyzed further to study effects of solution algorithm, flap deflection, and support brackets across a full range of CL including stall. Preliminary results from an off-body grid refinement study based on an automated grid adaption capability in OVERFLOW are also presented. Computed forces, moments, and pressures are plotted against experiment to access CFD data levels and trends. In general, OVERFLOW predictions for the Trap Wing model agree very well with wind tunnel data.


By many estimates the majority of adults over age 65 have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at increased risk of adverse functional outcomes. Nonetheless, many older adults with multimorbidity are able to maintain high levels of function and retain good quality of life. Research presented here is designed to understand the influences that help ensure better functional outcomes in these older adults. This chapter presents findings that draw on data from the Midlife in the United States study. The independent and interactive contributions of diverse factors to multimorbidity and changes in multimorbidity over time are reviewed. The degree that multimorbidity increases risk of cognitive impairment and disability is examined. The role of inflammation as a mediator is considered. Multimorbidity is increasingly the norm for older adults, so better understanding of factors contributing to variability in multimorbidity-related outcomes can lead to improved quality of life.


Mushroom Mountain karren with predominantly flat tops that formed along the stylolites and bedding planes dictated the special features of this karst landscape. Their features and rock relief clearly reflect the geological conditions and development. The subsoil karren with conical tops dissected by subsoil rock relief were exposed from beneath the soil. Below tree vegetation, the subsoil karren are to a great extent covered by moss and lichen, under which they acquire their characteristic shape. On the bare surface they were reshaped by rainwater that carves flutes and solution pans. The old cave that opens below the top of one of the cones reveals the period before its dissection into hills and cones when this part of the karst aquifer was still deep under the water table.


Experimental and analytical studies were accomplished to examine the structural behavior of precast foamed concrete sandwich panel (PFCSP) under vertical in-plane shear load. PFCSP full-scale specimens with total number of six were developed with varying heights to study an important parameter slenderness ratio (H/t). The production technique of PFCSP and the procedure of test setup were described. The results obtained from the experimental tests were analysed in the context of in-plane shear strength capacity, load-deflection profile, load-strain relationship, slenderness ratio, shear cracking patterns and mode of failure. Analytical study of finite element analysis was implemented and the theoretical calculations of the ultimate in-plane shear strengths using the adopted ACI318 equation for reinforced concrete wall were determined aimed at predicting the in-plane shear strength of PFCSP. The decrease in slenderness ratio from 24 to 14 showed an increase of 26.51% and 21.91% on the ultimate in-plane shear strength capacity as obtained experimentally and in FEA models, respectively. The experimental test results, FEA models data and theoretical calculation values were compared and provided a significant agreement with high degree of accuracy. Therefore, on the basis of the results obtained, PFCSP wall has the potential use as an alternative to the conventional load-bearing wall system.


Steer-by-Wire systems enable designers to offer completely personalized steering feel to drivers, unlike existing steering systems that offer limited or no personalization. In this paper we focus on feedback torque level, a significant factor for steering feel. Earlier studies indicate that the preferred feedback torque level may be related to the perceived comfort and control that different torque levels offer. However, there is limited understanding on how drivers perceive comfort and control in regard to feedback torque level and the relationship between comfort and control. An exploratory study was conducted on a driving simulator to understand the impact of feedback torque variations on driver perception of comfort and control. The study shows that comfort and control are perceived together and that their optima are not defined by physical effort but may instead be dependent on factors such as personal experience and mental effort.


This paper presents the initial results from a study that used a new superagonist of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), naferelin acetate, for the inhibition of ovulation. The superagonist was administered by nasal spray daily for 12 weeks to 20 women with regular menstrual periods. Radioimmunoactive estradiol and progesterone were assayed weekly, and there were regular check ups and daily recordings of basal body temperature. None of the subjects had a normal ovulatory menstrual cycle during 57 treatment months. During the 1st 8 weeks, 7 women had menstrual-like bleeding, 8 had oligomenorrhea, and 5 were amenorrheic. No pregnancies occurred during the study, nor were there any clinical symptoms or signs of estrogen deficiency. These preliminary findings suggest that nafarelin is a potent antifertility drug with potential use for contraception. The antireproductive properties of the agonist are also of interest for treatment of tumors, gynecologic disorders such as endometriosis and polycystic ovarian disease, and precocious puberty.


The unimolecular dissociation dynamics of vinyl chloride on the ground electronic potential energy surface have been investigated. The vibrationally excited vinyl chloride in its ground electronic state is prepared using the isomerization process of α-chloroethylidene radical to vinyl chloride via the hydrogen atom migration, where the chloroethylidene radical is produced by the ultraviolet photolysis of 3-methyl-3-chlorodiazirine. The vinyl chloride molecule formed in this excitation scheme is highly vibrationally excited in its ground electronic state due to the bond formation between two carbon atoms, and undergoes unimolecular reactions of HCl elimination or C−Cl bond fission. The rotational and vibrational state distributions of the HCl fragments and the spin−orbit state branching ratio of the Cl atoms have been measured with a resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI)/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The overall state distributions of the HCl and Cl fragments are much colder than those in ...


Achalasia is a primitive motor disorder of the esophagus characterized́ by a defect in relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and a complete absence of esophageal peristalsis. The etiology of this pathology is unknown. Clinical presentation is dominated by dysphagia, often associated with food regurgitation, more rarely with chest pain. Pyrosis may also be present. Symptoms have usually been evolving for many years, progressively worsening, and may be responsible for significant weight loss. Weight loss of more than 10kg, recent onset of symptoms (less than a year), and age over 60 should prompt a search for underlying neoplasia (pseudo-neoplastic achalasia). The diagnosis of achalasia was established on clinical, radiological and endoscopic grounds, in search of associated lesions. All patients underwent a Heller extra-mucosal oesocardiomyotomy associated with an anti-reflux device by cardioplasty. The post-operative course was straightforward in 4 cases, and complicated in 1 case by an iatrogenic breach of the esophageal mucosa, which was subsequently repaired. Functionally, dysphagia, regurgitation and retrosternal pain disappeared, with excellent results. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the im- mediate and remote results of surgical treatment of achalasia using the Heller technique.


Transmission lines react to an unexpected increase in power, and if these power changes are not controlled, some lines will become overloaded on certain routes. Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices can change the voltage range and phase angle and thus control the power flow. This paper presents suitable mathematical modeling of FACTSdevices including static var compensator (SVC) as a parallel compensator and high voltage direct current (HVDC) bonding. A comprehensive modeling of SVC and HVDC bonding in the form of simultaneous applications for power flow is also performed, and the effects of compensations are compared. The comprehensive model obtained was implemented on the 5-bus test system in MATLAB software using the Newton-Raphson method, revealed that generators have to produce more power. Also, the addition of these devices stabilizes the voltage and controls active and reactive power in the network.


The aboveground biomass and the characteristics of population of the halophilous herbaceous plants in three different areas were measured based on field measurement.The results were as follow.(1)The halophilous herbaceous plants of three areas have common distribution pattern.(2)Biomass was different among 3 areas.(3)Using the length of crown diameter and the width of crown diameter as parameters the aboveground biomassa was estimated.It had a relatively high assess accuracyand coefficient.


Judge William P. Gray's judgment dated February 6, 1989 is certainly the landmark legal decision concerning microprogramming and copyrightability. I know that many of you axe aware, through press coverage, of his decisions, but I thought you might be interested in reading in its entirety not only the judgment, but also the memorandum of decision that backs up his judgment. Therefore, I have attached copies of both of his documents. I have taken the liberty of retyping them to make them more compact for publication in our Newsletter. I hope that you find them interesting and thought provoking. Sigmicro has had numerous debates concerning legal issues surrounding microprogramming. Most of these debates were triggered by this case. We are planning to continue the discussion at Micro-22 in Dublin. I will summarize any conclusions for inclusion in the Sigmicro Newsletter following the Workshop.


The research reported here is part of our ambitious project \CFD by First-Order PDEs." We aimed at modeling all ows, except free-molecular ow, by systems of hyperbolicrelaxation equations, obtained by taking moments of the Boltzmann equation following the procedure suggested by Grad. As a result, a single code based on this system could simulate ows up to intermediate Knudsen numbers, and would be preferable to a Navier{Stokes code if hybridization with a DSMC code were needed. Comparing to the Navier{Stokes system, this approach has many potentially physical and numerical advantages. Regarding numerical issues: accuracy problems on adaptive unstructured grids can be avoided because there are no second or higher derivatives to be approximated. The source terms, despite their sti ness, are only local. In addition, the compact stencils facilitate code parallelization. Regarding physical issues: more ow phenomena could be captured due to the ability to have a larger set of independent ow


Recent research has drawn attention to the role of socialization in shaping the behaviors of rebel combatants during civil wars. In particular, scholars have highlighted how vertical and horizontal socialization dynamics can bring combatants to engage in a range of wartime practices, including the use of violence against civilians. This article synthesizes existing theories of combatant socialization and combines them into an integrated framework, which casts the focus on individual pathways toward civilian targeting and specifies the underlying sociopsychological mechanisms through which socializing influences motivate participation in violence. Specifically, the article charts five key pathways that operate through different mechanisms and that are based upon varying degrees of internalization regarding the legitimacy of civilian targeting. In each case, I also identify a number of unit-level factors that are likely to make a given pathway particularly prevalent among combatants. The article then illustrates how these pathways map onto the actual experiences of civil war combatants by examining the drivers of individual participation in violence against civilians among low-ranking members of the Revolutionary United Front in Sierra Leone. The case study evidence highlights the equifinal nature of violence perpetration during civil wars, shedding light on the different social needs, influences, sanctions, and constraints that may motivate involvement in violence. By analyzing rebel behavior through the prism of perpetrator studies, this article thus seeks to establish the civil war literature on firmer theoretical grounds, providing a synthetic account of the individual experiences, motives, and trajectories that are often left unaddressed in this body of research.


In order to provide steady high quality influent water for the reverse osmosis system of a corporation,A pilot test that using submerged membrane bioreactor for advanced treatment of secondary effluent from a munici-pal wastewater treatment plant was studied.The results showed that: under the condition that,the mass concentration of COD was 7-15 mg/L,the chroma was 20-50 degree,the turbidity was 0.70-3.57 NTU,the membrane flux was 10.0-13.75 L/(m2·h),the trans-membrane pressure was 0.019-0.038 MPa,the aeration quantity was 20 m3/h,the length of water producing was 40 min,the length of stop running was 3 min,and the HRT was 3.6-5.0 h,the mass concentration of COD in the effluent water from the MBR system was lower than 10 mg/L,and its chroma,turbidity,SDI15 were lower than 30 degree,1 NTU and 3 respectively,which met the requirements for influent quality of RO system;the effluent quality from MBR was stable,and had strong anti-shock loading capability.In addition,the relationship between trans-membrane pressure and membrane flux of MBR was discussed.


In traditional multi-dimensional discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithm, n dimensions are processed separately. In order to realize n-D global DCT and construct the unity architectures of blocks with different sizes, we have proposed n-D DCT similar butterfly algorithm and its unit pipeline architectures. And in order to solve the problems of this algorithm hardware architectures use a lot of delayers or selectors independently and in algorithm different blocks are not easy to integrate, based on the basic principles of DCT and on the basis of the "tensor" operation, premised on the multi-dimensional DCT pipeline algorithm we have proposed, we invest algorithm architectures to save devices. Firstly, we present n-D DCT pipeline algorithm based on theory of 1-D DCT and tensor product operation in brief, and give n-D DCT similar butterfly architectures. Secondly, we propose pipeline architectures units and the corresponding whole pipeline architecture of n-D DCT. Thirdly and foremost, we set up delayers-group models by reusing delayers and selectors, the models are integrative and nested. The experimental results indicate that the reduce ratio of number of delayers and selectors increased obviously as block size increase by using our device-saving algorithm. The characteristics of our pipeline architectures algorithm are fast, low complexity, and multidimensional compatibility.


• "A term used to describe all areas of the study of the relationship between language and society other than those which are purely social scientific in their objectives, such as ethnomethodology. Sociolinguistic research is thus work which is intended to achieve a better understanding of the nature of human language by studying language in its social context and/or to achieve a better understanding of the nature of the relationship and interaction between language and society." (Trudgill 2003:123) 4


In order to solve the Negative Sequence (NS) and Regenerative Braking Energy (RBE) utilization problems in Traction Power Supply System (TPSS), based on the co-phase power supply system, a power flow transfer device containing a hybrid energy storage system and its coordinated control strategy are proposed. Firstly, analyze the topology and working mode of the power flow transfer device with integrated hybrid energy storage. Then, two control schemes are proposed, the equivalent circuits under the two control schemes are established, the influence of the two control schemes on the system performance under different working patterns is analyzed, and a coordination control strategy is proposed. Finally, the feasibility of the system topology and the effectiveness of the coordination control strategy are proved by simulation.


Baturiti District is an area with history of high landslides yearly. Steep topography and steep slopes are some causes of landslides in the area. Minimal information regarding the potential for landslides can result in many victims and large losses if the disaster occurs in Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province-Indonesia. This study is crucial because of the urgency of the two factors that trigger land degradation. There has been no research on landslides on agricultural land and their relationship with soil fertility. Identical soil fertility is in loose soil, while loose soil is relatively easy to experience soil movement and cause landslides. This simple statement needs to be scientifically proven implemented in this research. Such conditions become a novelty in this scientific article. The purpose of this study was to identify the potential for landslides, the impact on agricultural land, and its correlation to the fertility of agricultural land. The method used is a survey method, soil analysis in the laboratory, and scoring with several landslide parameters, namely land use, slope, rainfall, landform, and geological structure. Soil fertility status analysis refers to the Soil Research Center (PPT) 1995 with 5 important parameters determining soil fertility status: CEC, Base Saturation, C-Organic, P-Total, and K-Total. Spatial data parameters were analyzed using a Geographic Information System. The results showed that the highest landslide susceptibility area was horticultural agricultural land (2,369.11 ha), applied to steep to very steep slopes. Another cause is the landform factor of the volcano's upper slopes, which has a soil-forming fraction dominated by coarse materials and high rainfall. Baturiti sub-district has low, medium, and high soil fertility status. The correlation between the vulnerability to landslides and soil fertility by (R2= 0.526). Such conditions indicate that areas with high landslide susceptibility have low soil fertility status with moderate correlation.


School improvement is primarily about the "stuff" that needs to be addressed. Over the years, the "goods" have been called correlates, factors, elements, ingredients, and so on. At the same time, school improvement is about conditions and supports that both link elements and provide some of the fuel for them to work well, conditions that lurk in the background of the school improvement narrative. In this article, because leadership for school improvement requires a clear understanding of and ability to work with what we call the threads of change, we pull these conditions and supports from the background and put them on center stage. We start with some guidelines about the road to school improvement and move on to analyses of three supporting concepts: collective work, context, and coherence. It is important to begin with an acknowledgment that there is considerable overlap among these supports and conditions.


Resources and how-to guide to use Reaxys efficiently How to search Beilstein through Reaxys to obtain physical properties of a known substance.


The invention relates to an expansion joint of a railway prestressed concrete portion cable-stayed bridge beam end. The technical requirement for an expansion joint of an urban railway long-span structure is higher, the expansion joint is required to be suitable for deformation of a beam body, and the requirement for durability is higher. The expansion joint of the railway prestressed concrete portion cable-stayed bridge end comprises two longitudinally-adjacent binding beam bodies. A beam joint with the longitudinal width is arranged between the two binding beam bodies. The upper surfaces of the opposite end portions of the adjacent beam bodies are respectively provided with a beam end notch. The shoulder faces of the beam end notches in the two sides of each beam joint are respectively and fixedly connected with a plurality of transversely-arranged steel supports. The steel supports are opposite in the longitudinal direction. An H-shaped steel longitudinal beam is fixed above each longitudinal set of steel supports. An activated fly ash concrete slab is arranged above each H-shaped steel longitudinal beam. A rubber water stop is arranged between the beam joints. The expansion joint can be suitable for longitudinal deformation, caused by factors such as temperature changes, concrete shrinkage and creep bridge beam deflection caused by various loads, bridge face longitudinal slopes and train braking force, of a large-span bridge beam body, good in sealing waterproof performance, and easy and convenient to construct and install.


A small water disinfection system based on the combination of a strong single 25 mW LED with a wavelength of 285 nm and a short quartz tube with an outer rectangular cross section is presented. For the disinfection tests clear tap water and slightly turbid and yellow pond water are contaminated with high concentrations of Escherichia coli bacteria. These water samples are exposed to the germicidal 285 nm LED radiation while they flow through the quartz tube. The portion of surviving germs is determined by membrane filtration for different water qualities and flow rates. For clear tap water the bacteria concentration can be reduced by at least three orders of magnitude up to flow rates of about 20 L/h. In pond water the maximum flow rate for such a reduction is less than 3 L/h. These high disinfection capabilities and the small size of this system, allow its integration in medical systems for point of use disinfection or even its application in the Third World for decentralized water disinfection powered by small solar cells, because this disinfection capacity should be sufficient for small groups or families.


Objective The release of proinflammatory components from bacteria depends on the mode of action of the antibacterial therapy used. We studied whether this influences mortality in experimental sepsis. Design In a lethal murine model of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis, animals were randomly assigned to receive the protein synthesis inhibitor clindamycin (CLI) or the &bgr;-lactam ceftriaxone (CRO). Setting Therapy was introduced subcutaneously 5 hrs after intraperitoneal injection of 10 colony forming units of S. aureus American Type Culture Collection 29213 and was continued every 8 hrs for 3 days. Measurements and Results Survival was higher in mice receiving CLI (29/50 animals [58%]) than in mice receiving CRO (16/50 animals [32%];p = .015). Mice treated with CRO died earlier than mice receiving CLI (p = .002). Eight hours after the first antibiotic dose, the motor performance of mice receiving CRO had deteriorated more than it did for mice receiving CLI (p = .009). Higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-&agr; were measured in serum (p = .027) and peritoneal fluid (p = .001) of CRO-treated mice. In vitro, CLI released smaller amounts of staphylococcal enterotoxin A than CRO. Conclusions Antibiotic treatment of Gram-positive sepsis with a protein synthesis inhibitor decreases morbidity and mortality compared with a bacteriolytic compound. This may be caused by a reduction of the concentrations of proinflammatory/toxic bacterial components and cytokines.


The structure of the title compound, C 12 H 12 N 6 O 4 , consists of independent tricyclic molecules with a central pyrazine ring and terminal pyrimidine rings. The molecular centroid coincides with a crystallographic inversion centre, leading to a trans disposition of the terminal pyrimidine rings. The angle between the central pyrazine ring and the pyrimidine rings is 4.2 (3)°, indicating that the molecule is almost planar


The present invention provides a method for the problem of the neighboring cell determined with time-frequency Unit, comprising: obtaining the current cell of the original channel estimation result, the estimation results to determine the original interference value of the current cell according to the original channel of the current cell; determining a current cell first interference after the elimination of the channel estimation result, determines the estimation result of the current cell and the first interfering cancellation value according to the channel after the first interference cancellation current cell; determining a current value of the interference between the original value and the disturbance interference cancellation whether the neighbor cell neighboring problems; current cell to the current cell and any one of a second neighboring cell interference cancellation in a case where there is a problem neighbor of the current channel to determine the second cell interference cancellation and estimation result according to the current cell channel second interference cancellation current interference estimate to determine a value obtained by the second cell interference cancellation, it is determined whether the respective neighboring neighboring the interference problem between the original value and the second interference value interference cancellation.


Non-optimized optical filtering of a combined FSK/IM modulated signal can cause FSK-to-IM conversion. Simulations and experiments demonstrated that a maximum frequency detuning of 15 GHz is tolerable with respect to an AWG router. (2 pages)


The transport of a self-propelled particle confined in a corrugated channel with Lévy noise is investigated. The parameters of Lévy noise (i.e. the stability index, the asymmetry parameter, the scale parameter, the location parameter) and the parameters of the confined corrugated channel (i.e. the compartment length, the channel width and the bottleneck size) have joint effects on the system. There exist flow reverse phenomena with increasing mean parameters. Left distribution noise will induce −x directional transport and right distribution noise will induce +x directional transport. The distribution skewness will affect the moving direction of the particle. The average velocity shows complex behavior with increasing stability index. The angle velocity and the angle Gaussian noise have little effects on the particle transport.


A comparative study of clustorbeans as grain and vegetable crop undertaken at the Millots Breeding Station, Coimbatore and evaluation of different varieties made are discussed in this paper.


ObjectsOxidized LDL plays an important role in pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis. In this study, whether the mRNA and protein of LOX-1(lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor) can be induced by oxidized LDL was observed. MethodsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with different concentration (20, 40, 60, 80 mg/L) of oxidized LDL for 24 h or with 40 mg/L oxidized LDL for different periods (0, 3, 6, 12, 24 h). LOX-1 mRNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and LOX-1 protein was examined by cell-based enzyme linked immunosorbant assay.Results The levels of mRNA and protein of LOX-1 increased after cells were incubated with 20 mg/L oxidized LDL (P0.01) and reached the maximum at 40 mg/L oxidized LDL, and then declined. Otherwise in the same concentration of 40 (mg/L) oxidized LDL the expression of both mRNA and protein of LOX-1 were progressively increased with the incubation time from 0h to 24h (P0.01).ConclusionsOxidized LDL upregulates the expression of the mRNA and protein of LOX-1 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and LOX-1 is likely to play an important role in pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis.


Climate change generates a conflict between generations: while it is in the interest of the current generation to continue to exploit inexpensive carbon-based fuel to drive economic growth, it is in the interest of future generations that we reduce our carbon emissions by making these fuels more expensive. This raises the following question: what moral framework should we use to adjudicate between the interests of different generations? In this work, I argue that the commonly used framework of "cost-benefit analysis"—the analytic framework for public policy that developed out of the field of welfare economics—fails as a normative framework for intergenerational policy. For one, by aggregating costs and benefits across all generations, it ignores that what matters is each generation. For another, by reducing all value into a unitary objective function, it ignores important distinctions between different categories of moral claims. Third, by attempting to optimize a function across all time, it reflects a false sense of knowledge about the distant future. For all these reasons—and more—I conclude that this approach cannot offer a reasonable normative framework for intergenerational public policy. In its stead, I propose an "intergenerational threshold" principle which avoids aggregating generations together, gives space for different categories of value, and, I will argue, is more robust to the epistemic limitations of intergenerational policy analysis. Acknowledgements First and foremost, I want to thank Lucas Stanczyk. A graduate student's fate rests in the hands of his adviser, and if only every graduate student could be as lucky as I have been. He both challenged me to pursue excellence all the while exhibiting infinite patience for my repeated missteps. At once the overseer of my intellectual journey and a companion in it, a cheerleader against despair and a drill sergeant against laziness, he performed the conflicting duties of a graduate adviser with remarkable poise. Most of all, Lucas showed me what it means to engage in genuine analytic philosophy, and the incredible insights that a steadfast commitment to this arduous task can yield. As an aspiring academic in the field, he has been a true role model. Second, I want to thank Amanda Graham, the MIT Energy Initiative, and the Bechtel Foundation for their support this past year. Without Amanda, none of this could have happened. Besides being instrumental in facilitating the project, she offered a much-needed voice of support for the basic idea behind all of this, namely, that philosophical analysis can be practically useful for public policy and that, indeed, it is a necessary component of developing effective responses to today's most pressing energy and environmental challenges. For this opportunity and for her unflinching support, I will forever be grateful. Finally, I wish to thank my friends Alex Breckel, Michael Craig, Zak Accuardi, Tal Levy, and Dylan Boynton. I admire them for who they are as individuals and for their striking intellects, each unique in its own way. Their continual willingness to engage in political-philosophical debate—whether at a coffee shop in Cambridge, on a hike in New Hampshire, in our kitchen making breakfast, or sitting on the air-conditioning vent outside our shared office space in MITEI—has provided the intellectual training ground on which I have developed as a scholar. What's more, they've made the whole thing a lot of fun.


It's 9:30 a.m., "Time to look at the news" Mr. Black reminds himself. He signs on to the CNN website and views the news: Volcano erupts in Central America killing 30; 100 houses on fire. (Sad) Earthquake in the Middle East! 2000 deaths. (Disillusioned) A Flood in Mexico! Houses destroyed! Cars swept away! More than 200 deaths! Tsunami in Japan caused by an earthquake destroys a nuclear plant leading to nuclear leakage!!! (Oh No!) A tornado in Texas! Overturned cars! Tumbling houses! 13 deaths. (Bewildered)


Research Division for Natural Product Technology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Yogyakarta, Indonesia Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Institute for Halal Industry & System, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia


Benzophenone-sensitized reactions of 4-diazotetrahydrofuran-3(2H)-ones with H-donors such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, cyclohexane and diethyl ether, occur without elimination of nitrogen and give rise to the corresponding N-substituted hydrazones or bis-hydrazonoethanes due to a formal insertion of the terminal N atom of diazo group into α-C−H bonds of ethers and aliphatic hydrocarbons, with yields of up to 78 %. Long-wavelength UV irradiation (λ>310 nm) is most suitable for this process, whereas oxygen molecules adequately quench the triplet excited state of the diazoketone and reduce the preparative yields of C−H-insertion products. Hence this photochemical reaction of diazoketones can be used for C−H functionalization of different aliphatic compounds.


This study aims at investigating the effect of solution elasticity on fiber diameter of electrospun nanofibers using viscoelastic Boger fluids of poly(vinyl alcohol) having varying degrees of elasticity (expressed in terms of relaxation time (λ) and Deborah number (De)) and similar viscosity. On electrospinning, the solutions with higher elasticity formed fibers with larger diameter, thereby, experiencing lower extension (on the order of 104), compared to the solutions of lower elasticity, which underwent higher extensions (up to 106), resulting in finer fibers. The diameter of the spun nanofibers was found to have a strong dependence on λ of the solutions. Effect of elasticity was also evident when the fiber diameter increased slightly with the increase in flow rate for solutions with higher elasticity. However, the effect of distance was negligible on the fiber diameter. The results suggest that the elasticity of the solution has an important role in governing the final diameter of electrospun fibers.


To deal with the complex and redundant problem of the evaluation index in the aquatic products safety assessment system, a new attribute reduction algorithm with hybrid information granularity was proposed accordance with attribute unimportance. The traditional attribute reduction algorithms based on rough set usually consider a single factor at present, and its executive efficiency of algorithms is not very ideal. This proposed method in the paper firstly analyzed the feasibility of building attribute insignificance architecture based on rough set and fuse the concepts of positive region and negative region to define the formula of attribute insignificance. Then, it only calculates the attributes unimportance of the assessment system which except the kernel attributes in order to reduce the search space. Finally, through the experimental analysis and validation, it shows that the algorithm is effective and efficient and can be applied to reduce the assessment index in the aquatic products safety assessment system.


We study the one‐dimensional symmetry of solutions to the nonlinear Stokes equation {−Δu+∇W(u)=∇pin ℝd,∇⋅u=0in ℝd, which are periodic in the d − 1 last variables (living on the torus 𝕋d−1) and globally minimize the corresponding energy in Ω = ℝ × 𝕋d−1, i.e., Eu=∫Ω12∇u2+Wudx,∇⋅u=0.


Input plane image preprocessing can improve the performance of Joint Transform Correlator(JTC). Swarm Intelligence based image processing method is consistent with the parallel characteristic of optical signal processing method. In this paper,A Swarm Intelligence based input plane preprocessing method is proposed. Some other methods are also used to perform the task, such as grayscale transform, Sobel operator and mathematical morphology. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed Swarm Intelligence preprocessing based JTC is better than that of the JTC based on other preprocessing methods.


The invention relates to organosilicon compounds with at least three silicon atoms, consisting of units of the formula (I) RaSi(NR C=ONR 2)k(NR C=ONR )t/2YmOn/2[(CR 2)s]r/2, where Y represents units of the formula (II) -SiR 3-p-q(NR C=ONR 2)p(NR C=ONR )q/2, where R, R , R , R , R , R and R independently of each other can be either identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom or possibly substituted monovalent hydrocarbon radicals with between 1 and 20 carbon atoms; and where a, k, t, n, m, r, s, p and q have the meaning assigned to them in claim 1, under the provision that the sum of p + q is </= 3, the sum of a + k + t + m + n + r equals 4, the sum of m + r equals 0 or 1, and the organosilicon compound of the invention contains at least one unit of formula (I) where t is not equal to 0.


Innovative guidelines and tools for vulnerable road users safety in India and Brazil [SaferBraIn]. D2.2 Report on transferability audit developed in SaferBraIn


Although the percentage of women choosing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields changes over time, the positions occupied by women within them still tend to be more junior compared to those of men. In this context, each initiative to raise community awareness of this disparity no matter how small, will likely make a difference for the next generations. After decades of invisibilization, it is essential to acknowledge society's past failures in recognizing women's contributions to STEM. Biases that are difficult to remove from societal thinking and stereotypes often discourage women from following a career track in science-related fields; the field of Molecular Modeling is especially affected by this and is highly male-dominated. In the study by Bonham and Stefan (2017) on women's underrepresentation in computational biology, primary publications from 1997 to 2014 were scanned in biology, computer science, and computational biology. The percentages of women in the first and last author positions were found to be around 25% and 38%, respectively, for the biology field, and 4-6 percentage points lower, consistent across all authorship positions for the computational biology field. These numbers are consistent with the work of Holloway and McGaughey (2018), who estimated the female representation in computational chemistry to be approximately 25%. As an interdisciplinary STEM field, computational biology was found to lie between its parent fields as long as the female representation continues. It should also be noted that in these publications, if the person leading the study was female, there were more women in other authorship positions, pointing out to women mentors and principal investigators (PI), attracting more female collaborators (Bonham and Stefan, 2017). The implication is that having more female leaders can improve the global gender balance in STEM. This goal should be pursued not only on moral and social grounds but also because of its benefits to the scientific world. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences—Biological Modeling and Simulation had the ambition of contributing to the awareness of gender equality through this Research Topic. Here, we showcase the success of several female researchers at any step in their scientific careers in producing valuable research findings in the field of Modeling and OPEN ACCESS


This manifest summarizes the missions planned by NASA for the Space Shuttle and Expendable Launch Vehicles (ELV's) as of the date of publication. Space Shuttle and ELV missions are shown through calendar year 2003. Space Shuttle missions for calendar years 2002-2003 are under review pending the resolution of details in the assembly sequence of the International Space Station (ISS).


Frequency conversion by four‐ and six‐wave mixing in gaseous media is a well established experimental method to generate tunable coherent light in the spectral region of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and more recently in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV). Tunable coherent ''laser like'' radiation can be generated by nonlinear frequency mixing in the 62–200 nm spectral region, starting from the radiation of a pulsed dye laser pumped by a Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser. Because of the combination of high pulse power with narrow spectral width of the VUV/XUV radiation, the nonlinear frequency mixing becomes a powerful light source for spectroscopic studies. A short review of the field of nonlinear frequency mixing to obtain VUV/XUV radiation is made, together with a comparison of the spectral brightness of various radiation sources in this spectral region.


A total of 138 young iparous women planning pregnancy were examined. Analysis of their case histories showed frequent relapses of chlamydial and mycoplasmic infections of the urogenital tract. Such a colposcopic sign as "opacity" of the contents of closed glands of the cervix uteri (Nabote 's cysts) indicated infection of the gland. Chlamydial and mycoplasmic infections could persist asymptomatically for a long time in Nabote 's cysts. An approach to choice of diagnostic and therapeutic methods has been developed.


OBJECTIVE Comparison of the efficacy of nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) and the V‐beam pulsed dye laser (PDL) for improvement of surgical scars. METHODS A randomized blinded split‐scar study. Fifteen scars in 12 patients were treated a minimum of 2 months after Mohs surgery. Patients were treated on half of the scar with a 1,550‐nm NAFL and on the contralateral half with the 595 nm PDL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A nontreating physician investigator evaluated the outcome of the scar in terms of scar dyspigmentation, thickness, texture, and overall cosmetic appearance (5‐point grading scale). RESULTS After a series of four treatments at 2‐week intervals, greater improvements were noted in the portion of surgical scars treated with NAFL (overall mean improvement 75.6%, range 60–100%, vs. PDL, 53.9%, range 20–80%; p<.001). CONCLUSION These data support the use of NAFL as a highly effective treatment modality for surgical scars, with greater improvement in scar appearance than with PDL. It is likely that the greater depth of penetration and focal microthermal zones of injury with NAFL, inducing neocollagenesis and collagenolysis, account for its greater improvement in scar remodeling. These encouraging results lead us to recommend that NAFL be added to the current treatment armamentarium for surgical scars. This project was supported by a grant from the Cosmetic Surgery Foundation.


Since its appearance in the summer of 2014, MARCA Plus has become a benchmark for digital native publications. A proof of the latter is the recognition made by Apple as one of the best 'apps' for iPad and to win the 'Digital Magazine Awards' in 2015 and 2016. This article aims to address the characteristics of this new format in the current media landscape: the one of the digital native magazines. The journal under study is one of the bets of Unidad Editorial for new technologies, having achieved an exceptional positioning in the digital market in three years. MARCA Plus stands out for its design, creativity, innovative character, interactivity and new audiovisual narratives, in addition to be an ideal support for new trends in advertising.


In this paper, We have investigated the effect of Naoluotong(NTL) Capsule on regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), cerebral water content, nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin(ET) in blood and brain using acute cerebroischemia reperfusion model of rat. The results showed that the NTL could obivously increase the rCBF of the rats during hypoperfusion, decrease the cerebral water content and improve the abnormal increase of the NO and ET in blood and brain. This study suggests that the NLT has effectively protective efficacy on cerebroischemia reperfusion injury.


Dried spent yeast (DSY) was used as a low-cost nitrogen supplement for ethanol fermentation from sweet sorghum juice under very high gravity (VHG) conditions by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NP 01. The fermentation was carried out at 30oC in a 5-litre bioreactor. The results showed that DSY promoted ethanol production efficiencies. The ethanol concentration ( P ), productivity ( Q p ) and yield ( Y p/s ) of the sterile juice (total sugar of 280 g l -1 ) supplemented with 8 g l -1 of DSY were not different from those supplemented with yeast extract and/or peptone at the same amount. The initial yeast cell concentration of 5 x 10 7 cells ml -1 was found to be optimal for scale-up ethanol production. In addition, an increase in sugar concentration in inoculum preparation medium (from 10 to 100 g l -1 ) improved the ability of the inoculum to produce ethanol under the VHG conditions. When S. cerevisiae NP 01 grown in the juice containing 100 g l -1 of total sugar was used as the inoculum for ethanol fermentation, the P , Q p and Y p/s obtained were 108.98 ± 1.16 g l -1 , 2.27 ± 0.06 g l -1 h -1 and 0.47 ± 0.01 g g -1 , respectively. Similar results were also observed when the ethanol fermentation was scaled up to a 50-litre bioreactor under the same conditions. The cost of the sweet sorghum for ethanol production was US$ 0.63 per litre of ethanol. These results clearly indicate the high potential of using sweet sorghum juice supplemented with DSY under VHG fermentation for ethanol production in industrial applications.


We present a simulation–visualization pipeline that uses the LAMMPS Molecular Dynamics Simulator and the Visualization Toolkit to create a visualization and analysis environment for atomistic simulations of plasma–surface interactions. These simulations are used to understand the origin of fuzz-like, microscopic damage to tungsten and other metal surfaces by helium. The proposed pipeline serves both as an aid to visualization, i.e. drawing the surfaces of gas bubbles and voids/cavities in the metal, as well as a means of analysis, i.e. extracting various statistics and gas bubble evolution details. The result is a better understanding of the void and bubble formation process that is difficult if not impossible to get using conventional atomistic visualization software.


Epic poetry and legends are thought to be imaginary. Studies and science show that they may have a basis in history, yet the study of places-names – toponomy – supported by a multi-disciplinary approach provides sufficient tangible evidence as to enable the tracing of unwritten historic events and the description of forgotten contexts. In this paper, the researcher will conduct an analysis of Homer's Ogygia, its character Calypso, and the events mentioned in the text. These factors provide enough details to classify and transform the perception of an imaginary story into a fact-based historic account – an early form of historiography – set on the island of Gozo-Malta.


By making an analysis of the features of terracotta warriors'neat and splendid exterior as well as their elaborate and vivid interior,it is believed that all the sculptures are well proportioned as a whole and by individuals.Visitors can enjoy their subtlety in the magnificent battle arrays and individuals'differences in the grand view,besides,visitors can find complexity in the uniform sculptures and derive strong visual impact and spiritual pleasure,without the exact sameness.Either as a whole at the macroscopic level or by individuals at the microscopic level,terracotta warriors have the features of solemnity,rigidity and conscientiousness,which is inseparable from the ancient Chinese practical style.


Photo system II (PSII) is one of the two photosynthetic reaction centers in the chloroplast of higher plants. The chlorophyll a/b-light harvesting complex serves primarily as an antenna for PSII. We isolated a cDNA that encodes a chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (Cab) from Panax ginseng. The small subunit consists of 935 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 795 bp with the deduced amino acid of 265 residues (pI 5.63), 28.6 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence matched to the previously reported Cab genes. Their degree of amino acid identity ranged from 68 to . Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid residues was showed that the ginseng Cab gene was grouped with P. persica (AAC34983), A. thaliana (AAD28771), G. hirsutum (CAA38025), G. max (AAL29886), and V. radiate (AAF89205).


The existing disparities in ethical standards of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCGs) in East AfricanCountries (EAC) and the ethical difficulties  in distribution, is underpinned by little understanding of our ethical needs by manufacturers and distributors. Current production of FMCGs were based on ethical standards formulated elsewhere, and it is only after 2010 that some goods appeared that conform to EAC ethical standards. This study was anchored on environmental dependency theory. We undertook to study the ethical dilemmas facing the producers and distributors of FMGs in EAC from 2005 to 2013. We sampled fifteen manufacturers of FMGs in EAC, ten distributers, and interviewed five border officials in Namanga, Mwanza, Mbamba Bay, Busia and Kigoma. The results of our study indicated that manufacturer's produce goods without thorough research on the qualities, aesthetics and ethical considerations.Distributors have little regard to business ethics, forgetting about their moral obligation to our ethical existence as consumers. They are run after profit in whatever means with less regard to customer ethical demands. We posit that there is need to raise ethical awareness in the production of goods and their distribution in EAC and ethical considerations should be inbuilt at the point of creating the product. Keywords; Fast Moving Consumer Goods; In-build ethical considerations; Ethical awareness; Aesthetics of packaging; Ethical goods.


I have been studying police intelligence practice for about 16 years (see James, 2016, 2014, 2012, and 2003). It has been a fascinating, intriguing, and frustrating journey in almost equal measure. Perhaps the thing I have found most frustrating is that after more than 40 years of scholarly research, police-led research and 'official' inquiries into criminal intelligence work, that practice looks very much the same today as it did in 1975.


The decade of the 1960s was a time of political upheaval and turbulence; American society witnessed many changes. The decade was one of hope and at the same time one of despair. It was one in which there were great expectations of the national government, and one that would lead some to conclude that the national giovernment was incapable of solving the complex problems of modern society. Public administrators, like other members of the population, were deeply affected by the events of the decade. Some of them began to question their discpline and profession, and a movement developed within the discipline in search of a new public administration; one sensitive to and capable of solving societal problems that had gone unresolved in the decade of the sixties. The present study presents an historical explication of the new public administration. The new public administration movement is viewed as a product of numerous conferences, works, and events, four of which appear as major landmarks: 1) the Honey Repor...


This document provides new semantics for the SIP INFO method of RFC
2976. These new semantics defined here are fully backwards compatible
with the old semantics. Core to the new semantics is a mechanism for
defining, negotiating and exchanging Info Packages that use the INFO
method. Applications that need to exchange session- related
information within a SIP INVITE-created session, also known as
application level information, use these INFO requests. This draft
addresses issues and open items from RFC 2976 and replaces it.


A transformation model of the fabric mechanical properties and the draped pleat vision and beauty has been developed using the step-wise regression analysis and the artificial neural network. It is observed that a positive correlation exists between the mechanical properties, such as curve stiffness, shearing stiffness, hysteresis of shear stress at 0.5°, weight, and the draped pleat vision and beauty. Artificial neural network may also be used to effectively apply the model and successfully predict the grade of the draped pleat vision and beauty through the fabric mechanical properties. The better prediction results are obtained from the artificial neural network.


Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Family: Nelumbonaceae), commonly known as lotus, is an aquatic perennial plant. The lotus leaves are used to treat fever, hematemesis, hyperlipidaemia and obesity. The leaves are rich in alkaloids such as nuciferine, roemerine, pronuciferine and N-nornuciferine. The present study describes simple, accurate, precise, robust RP-HPLC method to detect and quantitate nuciferine as a marker from lotus leaves. The marker was resolved using Hemochrom Intsil C-18 column, with mobile phase methanol:10mm phosphate buffer (85:15), pH adjusted to 4 (using orthophosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Retention time of nuciferine was 5.60±0.2 minutes at 272 nm. Linear responses were obtained in concentration range of 1 - 9 ppm for nuciferine with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9996. The developed method was applied for quantitation of marker from lotus leaves. This method can be used to evaluate nuciferine containing extracts, thus conforming to the need of ensuring quality and safety of herbal drugs.


Boyolali district is identical with dairy. Dangean village is located in the District of Cepogo which is a milk producing center in Boyolali. The majority of Dangean people as dairy farmers. The efforts to diversify the community business are by packing the daily activities of residents as a breeder to serve as a tourist attraction in rural tourism. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The method that is used in this research is experiment. The sample determination is done by purposive method that is foreign student representing foreign tourists. The sample is 5 foreign students. The number of samples is determined by considering the readiness of the facilities currently available in Dangean. The results of research conducted by a team of researchers from Ambarrukmo Tourism institute (STIPRAM) Yogyakarta showed that the attractions and packaging tour packages are the factors that become the main preference tourists when traveling in Dangean. The main strengths of Dangean are the activity of attractiveness, the visual landscape of the area, and the package of tourism activities. While the weakness that is currently owned by Dangean is the low level of popularity, competitiveness, and service.Keywords: Dangean Village, Kampung Wisata, attractions, tour packages.


Purpose
This study aims to explore the demographic and reconviction data of individuals who had engaged in an established Intensive Intervention and Risk Management Service, a community service within the offender personality disorder pathway (OPD).

Design/methodology/approach
Demographic information and reconviction data from the Police National Computer was accessed for all participants (n = 69) released to the service over a 10-year period (2008– 2018), 45 of who met criteria to be included in the study. Their intervention period spans custody to community, with an expected period of 2 years engagement upon release.

Findings
Participants in the service had experienced significant traumatic histories, with four or more adverse childhood experiences. Individuals had a mean of 17 convictions for violent and/or sexual offences and an average of 11 years in custody prior to release. The average length of intervention at Resettle in the community was almost 19 months, with an additional minimum of six months in-reach prior to release. A total of 60% of individuals were recalled back to custody at least once during their intervention, with this being more likely for those who had been convicted of a violent rather than sexual offence. Within the group who were reconvicted, the reconvictions were for less serious offences than the index offence, with only 16% being convicted of an indictable offence. Almost two-thirds (64.4%) did not receive a further conviction post-intervention in the follow-up period.

Research limitations/implications
This follow-up study focused upon demographic and reconviction data from one established IIRMS. Although findings are not necessarily generalisable to other IIRMS and OPD pathway services, the demographic and reconviction data has important learning for how services may reflect upon engaging with individuals whose needs and risks had not previously been adequately met and managed upon release. This data are useful learning, for what may help individuals with complex needs upon release into the community after long sentences and how to best meet their needs. There are aspects of the Resettle IIRMS approach which could be applied to non-specialist services to encourage a holistic, compassionate and relational approach to reaching those with complex needs who pose significant risks to others.

Practical implications
This follow-up study has provided access to participants' engagement with an established IIRMS. Although participants "opt in" to the service whilst in custody, engagement on release becomes a probation licence condition; a fixed boundary regarding attendance and engagement which, although enables robust risk management and reduces the likelihood of drop-out, also raises consideration about choice and control. The four day per week service provides an intensive intervention, for those with complex needs and limited prior experience of living safely (with minimal risk to self or others) in the community. Participants were previously offered little hope of release or effective support because of their risk, need, complexity and, in some cases, concern about whether their risk could be effectively managed. Although not a panacea for all, the results are suggestive of a service that is navigating the boundary between "care and control" to good effect for future resettlement and desistance.

Originality/value
The findings are important for service providers, commissioners and the public purse. The results are useful for the national development of IIRMS. The findings are also important for prisoners and people on probation to inform their decision-making regarding intervention choices and hope for what may be achievable.