EVERY year about this time, observers of the state legislative scene begin to focus on the next legislative session. With 44 states scheduled to hold sessions in 2000 and with a big Presidential election year coming up, the most frequently asked question is, What are the hot topics for education? It's a good question, but maybe a more important question is, What are the changes and quirks in the legislature itself that need to be watched? Term limits and the initiative process are two big variables, but buried beneath such issues are the committee structure, the use of staff, the control exerted by the leadership and party caucuses, and even the length of the session. Given a similar distribution of the same hot topics across all state legislatures, some of these internal variables might alter significantly what a particular state legislature will accomplish. And when the lobbying process, union strength, and the historical attributes of strong state control or strong local control are added to the mix, the issues themselves sometimes become secondary. State Legislatures Differ Looking from the top down, most state legislatures look pretty much alike: two legislative bodies, a committee structure, and similar leadership titles. Only Nebraska, with its unicameral legislature and deemphasis on political parties, can be said to be distinctly different, but more on this later. William Pound, executive director of the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), writing in State Legislature, the NCSL magazine, in the summer of 1999, described the modern state legislature and some of the changes that have affected the institution in the past 25 years. He divided the states into three distinct groups but then added a fourth, the states with term limits in place: The [states in the first category] are those that are "professionalized," a group that includes highly unionized states with large populations, such as California, New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, and New Jersey. These legislatures tend to have higher compensation, unlimited time in session, large professional staffs, and members who define their occupation as legislator. The second category comprises about half the states and is best described as transitional, having some characteristics of both the highly professionalized legislatures and the more traditional citizen legislatures. The states in the third category (about 15) are termed traditional legislatures. They are generally limited in session length, have higher turnover rates, and members who do not see legislative service as a career. These legislatures are found primarily in New England and the less populous agricultural states of the Midwest and West. The 1990s brought about what may become a fourth category of legislature & those with term limits. Eighteen states throughout the country now have limits on the time members can serve. As term limits become more widely implemented, the differences between legislatures with term limits and those without will be significant. Most observers of state legislatures tend to watch one or a small number of states and assume that the sample at hand is the norm. But the length of the session and whether the state has an annual or biennial session usually have a direct impact on the size of the staff. And when a state is large enough to support duplicate partisan staffs or individual members each have their own staffs, then action and work change dramatically. Pound's article & and indeed that entire issue of State Legislature & reviewed the 25-year history of the National Conference of State Legislatures. Pound reminded his readers that in 1941 only four states held annual sessions. Today, that number has risen to 43 states. The states that still hold biennial sessions are Arkansas, Kentucky, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, and Texas. …


Introduced in this paper are the existing status and development of concrete cable-stayed bridges, with analysis of its advantages and economical spans, indicating that with its excellent performance this type of bridge will surely gain further development.


During the shipborne gun′s development stage,it is a feasible method to estimate the shipborne gun′s corrective maintenance time by simulation.To make the simulation model well accord with the corrective maintenance process of the shipborne gun,in this paper,the model of generalized stochastic Petri nets is extended and its timed transitions can be associated with arbitrary distribution,and timed transition based maintenance activities and their logic associations are described;with the fully consideration of the fault localization time′s influence on shipborne gun′s corrective maintenance time,the optimum path to locate a fault and the maintenance time calculation model based on the Monte Carlo method are formulated;last,aiming at the analysis and obviation of shipborne gun′s emission system failure to fire by site repair,the maintenance process model based on extended generalized stochastic Petri nets is established,the maintenance time and variance are calculated by simuation and the effectiveness of the model is tested.


In this paper, the effect of cochanneled Bluetooth (BT) piconets on a carrier-sense multiple-access (CSMA)-based wireless local area network (WLAN) is investigated. Specifically, the p-persistent CSMA protocol is considered for WLANs, and the probability of error of a WLAN packet is calculated in the presence of interfering BT packets of different lengths and variable piconet traffic loads and as a function of the BT's frequency-hopping guard time. The probability derivation is then used in conjunction with the p-persistent CSMA throughput and delay formulations to examine its net performance in the presence of BT interference. Simulations have been used to corroborate the analytical results, which indicate that the presence of just one fully loaded interfering BT piconet reduces the peak CSMA throughput by 42%. Furthermore, we show that under fully loaded BT traffic conditions, the effect of more shorter BT packet transmissions on the CSMA delay performance can outweigh the interference impact of a higher number of BT piconets with longer packet transmissions.


ion Transformation Implementation Validation Validation Model Conceptual Computation System Model Specific Real Simulator Validation (Experimentation) Validation Figure 3: Activities and results in the modeling process VIA BASEMENT RTS: The SimulatorTool, ProVIA-DoCS-94104, Version 1 / Document, January 31, 1995 8 In gure 3 the dashed lines illustrate the need to assure that no important information is lost in the di erent phases. If only the experimental validation is performed and anomalies are found, it is very hard to locate where in the modeling process they have been introduced. 4.2 Types of Simulation There are numerous types of simulation techniques. When about to build a simulator a technique which captures the aspects one which to study in the real systemmust be chosen. Also, many techniques require that the system are modeled in a particular fashion, eg. using di erential equations. Some of the more common techniques are: Hardware Emulation Eg. emulation of CPU's and other hardware in the system. It can be argued whether emulation is a simulation technique, but still, it can be useful in some situations for example when one which to simulate software. Monte Carlo Simulation This technique models probabilistic phenomena in a static mathematical model. The method is to scatter a random set of points in the model and analyse the results of the probes. Continuous Time Simulation The system is modeled by a series of di erential equations. The system state change continuously over time. Discrete Time Simulation The system is modeled by a series of di erence equations. The systems state change at discrete points in time, the points are equally spaced over time. Discrete Event Simulation The state of the model is updated at discrete points in time; the times when events occur. Events can occur at any point in time, and multiple events can occur at the same point in time. The model consists of entities which a ect each other by exchanging events. This technique is useful when entities in the real system are hard or impossible to model mathematically, eg. with di erential equations. There are also techniques which tries to combine one or more of these techniques, often called multi-model techniques. 4.3 Discrete Event Simulation When using this technique any changes to the system state is considered to be instantaneous. Changes in the system state are caused by events. Example of VIA BASEMENT RTS: The SimulatorTool, ProVIA-DoCS-94104, Version 1 / Document, January 31, 1995 9 events in a car simulation system are: ignition key turned on and compartment door closed. Exactly what constitutes an event depends on the level of granularity in the model. In gure 4(a) a model of how a compartment door is opened and closed is described. Such a model is probably su cient in many cases but if one which to study some aspect of the system during the time the door is about to be opened or closed a model like gure 4(b) might be more appropriate. Closed Opened Opened Closing Closed Opening Close Open Begin close Complete close Complete open Begin open (b) (a) Figure 4: Discrete event systems In gure 4(a) and 4(b) the boxes represents possible states of the compartment door and the labeled arrows corresponds to the events which make the door change state. The gures 4(a) and 4(b) are di erent models of one entity in a whole system. The system state is a composition of all the states of the di erent entities in the system. Discrete event simulation is a powerful simulation method. It allows simulation of any entity whose behaviour can be captured by a computer program. This exibility can however sometimes result in very complex programs, often the notion of process orientation is used to structure the program. By using process orientation, entities becomes encapsulated processes which may interact with other processes in well de ned and understood ways. 5 Our Work In the following sections we describe the background research made and the decisions we took based upon what we found. 5.1 Platform for Development All implementation work has been performed on SUN work-stations using SunOS Release 4.1.3 (UNIX). The programming languages used are C++ and C, compiled with GNU's compiler gcc. Some code is auto-generated from GNU C++ class-library. Also, the part of VIA BASEMENT RTS: The SimulatorTool, ProVIA-DoCS-94104, Version 1 / Document, January 31, 1995 10 the simulator which reads con guration les has been created with the GNU tools flex and bison. To create the C++ code for di erent types of simulation events, we wrote a lisp program which runs under emacs (The GNU text editor). The graphical user interface has been developed with the tool TeleUSE [Tel]. We used a simulator building tool which imitates the capabilities of Simula, called C++SIM [LM]. C++SIM needs an underlying task mechanism, we choose to use REX lightweight process library [(js93], also known as the GNU lightweight process library. All software except SunOS and TeleUSE is freely distributed for non-commercial use. GNU programs are available at the internet URL ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu, C++SIM is available at the internet URL ftp://arjuna.ncl.ac.uk, REX-lwp is available at the internet URL ftp://gummo.doc.ic.ac.uk/rex. 5.2 Choice of Simulation Technique In our case three of the techniques described in section 4.2 can be immediately eliminated, since we are dealing with a system which changes over time and whose entities are di cult to model as equations. Thus we ruled out monte carlo simulation, continuous time simulation and discrete time simulation. As for hardware emulation, we recognise the goal to test application on many different types and con guration of hardware. If emulation was chosen each type of hardware in the system would have to have its own emulator. Such a solution would be far to in exible and also very slow, hence we eliminated it. The decision for choosing a discrete event simulation model was not only based on the shortcomings of other models. Discrete event simulation o ers many advantages due to its exibility. Discrete event simulation models are easy to combine with other models. In our case the environment simulator may need to model some continuous processes, eg. friction between road and tires. Also, since a discrete event simulator is not based on mathematically described objects, it is easy to add and replace objects in the model. The only interface to an object is the events which it sends and receives. In our case this is important since the BASEMENT kernel or other system speci cations might be modi ed. Another advantage of discrete event simulation is the availability of simulator building tools. This has allowed us to nd a tool which suits our needs rather than adapt our needs to available tools. VIA BASEMENT RTS: The SimulatorTool, ProVIA-DoCS-94104, Version 1 / Document, January 31, 1995 11 5.3 Choice of Simulator Building Tool As soon as we recognised the need for a tool to help us build our simulator we stated some requirements for the tool and begun to investigate di erent tools and compare them against our stated requirements. A document summarising the tools we looked at was created [Ema95]. The requirements we stated can be summarised as follows: The tool should be able to call C functions. This is so that is can execute the applications, which are compiled to C, and the BASEMENT kernel, which is written in C. The tool should support a high level of abstraction and modern programming principles. It could for instance support process orientation which is a powerful concept when, like in our case, dealing with many concurrent tasks. The tool should be possible to integrate with a graphical user interface. The tool should posses a certain degree of maturity, and be easy to learn, understand and use. The tool should be available at reasonable cost. The tool should be portable to di erent UNIX and PC systems. As a major source of information about simulations tools we used Internet, mainly the News groups comp.simulation and comp.realtime. The requirement to be able to run C code was quite limiting, it e ectively eliminated most tools which was not directly based upon C or C++. Also, there was a certain resistance from Mecel AB against using another language than C or C++. We did however nd some interesting non C/C++ tools which are able to call C functions: The Simula compiler \Cim" [KJM91]. This is complete Simula compiler which is free-ware. It is completely based on C which makes it quite portable, and which also makes it easy to call C functions from Simula programs. Modsim, a language from the Naval Research Laboratory [Her]. The language is similar to Modula-2 with extensions for discrete event simulation. It is intended to be used for building large process oriented discrete event simulation models through modular and object oriented development techniques. The compiler is available for both DOS and UNIX environments. There exists compilers which are free of charge for research and educational purposes. The languages above, support a high level of abstraction, but they reduce our exibility to control the execution of the simulation; we would be in the hands of the VIA BASEMENT RTS: The SimulatorTool, ProVIA-DoCS-94104, Version 1 / Document, January 31, 1995 12 language run-time system. Thus, it would be hard to integrate a graphical user interface and an environment simulator. Even though the high level of abstraction available in these languages is appealing, their bene t was a bit uncertain2. Instead, we decided to use a simulation tool for C or C++. This allows us to change the run-time systems if necessary. When studying the available C and C++ simulation tools we soon discovered that most modern packages were developed in C++. We were neither surprised or displeased with the fact, since object orientation is well suited for simulation. We found quite many simulation packages in C++, as shown in [Ema95], the s


During Recent days, huge importance is given to Reversible Data Hiding(RDH) techniques in images, since it assures the excellent feature of retrieving the original cover image information in a lossless manner after embedded secret information is extracted, while protecting the image contents confidentiality. This paper proposes a lossless data hiding scheme for color cover images with very important and confidential information content. This proposed method, exploits least computational complexity by using histogram shifting technique to hide secret bits in confused color cover image, where confusion in cover image is created by using Quad tree decomposition. There are number of data hiding techniques proposed to embed data like LSB, Discrete Cosine Transformation, Pixel value differencing, Discrete Fourier Transform etc into images. But the above mentioned techniques suffer from many limitations like less data hiding capacity, degradation in the quality of image and very less security for the secret information hidden. To have control over these limitations, this paper proposes an enhanced histogram shifting method for color images by embedding the secret information into three different planes of RGB image in such a way that, it not only improves the quality of image and also achieves high embedding capacity. The PSNR value of the proposed technique is better than previous data hiding methods. This scheme has been implemented for images of various sizes and a comparative study in terms of PSNR, MSE, Embedded Rate and Correlation factor is presented. The same methodology could be applied even for DICOM(Medical) color images.


Image fusion is widely used in different areas and can integrate complementary and relevant information of source images captured by multiple sensors into a unitary synthetic image. Medical image fusion, as an important image fusion application, can extract the details of multiple images from different imaging modalities and combine them into an image that contains complete and non-redundant information for increasing the accuracy of medical diagnosis and assessment. The quality of the fused image directly affects medical diagnosis and assessment. However, existing solutions have some drawbacks in contrast, sharpness, brightness, blur and details. This paper proposes an integrated dictionary-learning and entropy-based medical image-fusion framework that consists of three steps. First, the input image information is decomposed into low-frequency and high-frequency components by using a Gaussian filter. Second, low-frequency components are fused by weighted average algorithm and high-frequency components are fused by the dictionary-learning based algorithm. In the dictionary-learning process of high-frequency components, an entropy-based algorithm is used for informative blocks selection. Third, the fused low-frequency and high-frequency components are combined to obtain the final fusion results. The results and analyses of comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed medical image fusion framework has better performance than existing solutions.


The 20 years since geography's 'moral turn' have generated a robust field of scholarship around diverse ethical engagements. However, as geographers continue to build articulate claims to care and justice in and beyond the academy, the role of 'the moral' has often been resigned to the margins of our theories and empirical work. In my third and final progress report on geography and ethics, I suggest that new approaches toward moral geographies and economies are already signaling directions for geography's next moral turn. Some of these approaches use more traditional theoretical and empirical options to explain and raise challenges for confronting harmful moral projects endorsed by states. But other more critical and controversial shifts are also evident in the speculative ethics of post-humanism which destabilize and reassemble what we think we know about moral status and moral agency.


This Bachelor's Degree work focuses on receivables of the limited liability company Svoboda a Březik - pecivo s.r.o. from an accounting and tax point of view. The theoretical part contains a brief characterisation of receivables, the process of managing receivables and their accounting and tax aspects. The practical part contains an analysis of trade receivables of Svoboda a Březik pecivo s.r.o., their management and their impact on accounting. Attention is focused on creation of adjustment items for receivables and depreciation of receivables. Based on the conducted analysis, recommendations are formulated for improving the current situation and preventing errors from occurring.


Let f : R → R be a polynomial function with conelike ends. We give a necessary and sufficient condition to trivialise the function over a neighbourhood of a regular value c in terms of the continuity of the total curvature of the levels nearby c.


The design and modeling of strongly pumped, doped silver halide fiber amplifiers are presented. Lasing properties of doped silver halides, in the near or mid-IR region, are studied experimentally and analyzed, based on a rate equation formalism. The analysis is applicable for both three- and four-level systems, such as Er 31 ,P r 31 , and Nd 31 . Optimal amplifier designs are suggested to obtain significant amplifica- tion. © 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.


Purpose – Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems if successfully implemented bring about competitive advantages. On the other hand, project failure could, in an extreme case, cause an organisation to go out of business. Mapped against existing literature on ERP critical success factors, this paper examines environmental factors that impacted on the adoption of ERP by The Oman Telecommunication Company (Omantel).Design/methodology/approach – A case study methodology is used to study perceptions of the ERP system implementation project in Omantel.Findings – This paper highlights the particular problems of large organisations that operate disparate legacy systems.Research limitations/implications – A single case study is conducted. This provides opportunities for further research in a number of varied settings.Originality/value – It is very important that experiences of ERP projects are shared across countries and sectors. This is because many ERP implementations are rolled out by multi‐national corporat...


This article addresses Richard Westra, Ian Bruff and Matthias Ebenau's responses to my prior review essay on their edited volumes. In my initial survey, I concluded that both volumes reinvigorate the radical potential of contemporary Comparative Capitalisms (CC) literatures, but warned against the tendency in critical research to trace capitalism solely at its worst. I posited that this pessimism undermines the volumes' pedagogical potential and threatens to bring us to intellectual cul-de-sacs. The authors respond in different ways to this critical engagement: Westra provides a guideline to trace such an intellectual pessimism in the (neo-)Marxist political economy and points to the so-called 'Uno approach' as an alternative direction that opens our intellectual horizons to social change in (post-)capitalism. In contrast, Bruff and Ebenau regard my review as less monochromatic than other discussions of their research project but nevertheless assertively retort to my critique. This reply seeks to engage the aforementioned scholars in a discussion, while reconsidering the alleged pessimism of critical CC research as informed optimism. Such informed optimism must be found in a critical research that (i) is based on a deeper reflexive theoretical discussion rather than a one-sided deconstruction of mainstream scholarship; and (ii) derives from a holistic approach broadened by a human-centred perspective, which also exposes us to actually existing alternatives within as well as to (post-)capitalism. Given that such approaches are currently only implicit, the many ongoing crises of contemporary capitalism represent a critical juncture not only for mainstream, but also for critical CC research.


: Johaass ◎ n ( 1973 } Showed that human movements such as walking can be recognized from a sma 口 number ofdotsfixed at various pa rts of the body (biological motion ) , We inve 試 igate whether peopie can also recognize facial exp re Sgons of emotion f 蹲 m movement of a small number of dots and the ro 罰 of motion in 麺 mation on 爬} cognition o ギ facial expressions . Our results reveal that motion of as few as 18 dots attached to appropriate Iocations on a human face provides sufficient information to recognize facial expressbns


Large sample statistics in China - a review of some recent contributions harmonic analysis on classical groups on some developments of harmonic maps regularity and singularity of solutions for nonlinear hyperbolic equations diophantine approximations in China a report on mechanical theorem proving and mechanical theorem discovering in geometries some results on value distribution theory on entire and meromorphic functions.


The effects of melting rate on the microstructure and microporosity formation of GH4169 alloy VAR(vacuum arc remelting) ingots have been studied by using metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope,and its effects on the area percent of microporosity of the ingots was also analyzed quantitatively by the metallographic image analysis software.The results show that the microporosity formed in the chilled layer at the surface of the ingot possesses a harsh surface due to the existing of metal particles on the mold caused by sputter or vapor coagulation.The micropores formed at the edge part under the chilled layer tend to appear with a round shape and smooth surface,and hence it might inherit the shape of pores formed by the ease of gas element such as N from the liquid.The pore size is small and its density is largely reduced compared with that in the chilled layer.In the centre of ingot,the size and density of the microporosity are greatly increased,which is distributed along the interdendritic area,because the elements congregation here is serious and the secondary or tertiary dendrites are well developed which blocks the liquid passage.With the increasing of the melting rate,the formation of the microporosity especially at the center of the ingot is increased significantly,because the depth of the liquid pool is increased,the dendrites tend to grow horizontally,the secondary and tertiary dendrites are developed further,and the elements congregation is more serious.


The object of this paper was to study the effects of trace element Se levels on rex rabbits reproduction.The rabbits were divided into five groups,different Se amounts were added to diets,including 0 mg,0.09 mg,0.18 mg,0.36 mg,0.72 mg.The results demonstrated that 0.18g Se/kg influenced rex rabbits reproduction significantly,which can accelerate conception rate,litter size,birth weight of rex rabbits and increased by 3.33%,13.32% and 8.7% compared to control group respectively.


There are 16 million Hispanic Americans in the continental United States and 2.8 million in Puerto Rico, making roughly 20% of the population. The United States has the fifth largest Spanish-speaking population in the world. Yet this is one of the most neglected and misunderstood segments of the U.S. population: institutionalized racism against this group is all too common; unemployment among its members is rampant; its housing facilities are in many cases almost subhuman; the schools, from kindergarten through college are largely irrelevant and obsolete in terms of the groupT.s needs; and adequate health care is just a hope. The situation of the Chicanos is a case in point:


The invention provides a nasal-gastric tube. The tube comprises a catheter component and a guide wire component, 6-8 stainless steel balls are arranged at the front end of a catheter of the catheter component, and the outer surface of the catheter is coated with a hydrophilic lubrication coating; the guide wire component comprises a guide wire, a round rubber head is arranged at the head end of the guide wire, and the surface of the guide wire and the inner wall of the catheter are both coated with a hydrophilic lubrication coating or a lyophobic coating. According to the nasal-gastric tube, the surface of the catheter is provided with the hydrophilic lubrication coating, when the tube is used, the hydrophilic lubrication coating can absorb water and expand only by soaking the catheter in sterile water for a while, the catheter feels as smooth as the surface of a loach, and it is facilitated to intubate the tube. In the tube intubation process, the catheter is straightened by the guide wire, and it is convenient for the catheter to enter. It is facilitated for the catheter to pass through the pylorus under the action of gravity of the steel balls at the front end, the catheter can stay in an enteric cavity of a small intestine in an ideal state, the inner wall of the guide wire and the inner wall of the catheter are lubricated, the guide wire can be drawn without hindrance, and after the tube intubation is completed, the guide wire can be drawn out rapidly.


n the late 1990s, the librarians of Ukrainian National Library in Kiev found a number of unnamed boxes with handwritten Yiddish documents in a semi-restricted section of the depository. It turned out to be the long presumed lost archive of the Folklore Department of the Cabinet for Studies of Jewish Culture. Th e research team led by ethnomusicologist Moisei Beregovsky, spent World War II collecting Yiddish music, stories and jokes from Jews, all amateur performers, living and dying in the USSR – in ghettos, working at the home front or serving in the Red Army. Th ese archival materials, namely songs oft en preserved without tunes, were recently brought back to life in an academic and artistic project ''Yiddish Glory'', which included a release of a Grammy-nominated album, a series of lecture-concerts and large-scale performances worldwide. Th e article authored by the project's creators discusses the process of textual and historical analysis of the songs, imagining missing tunes and analysis of Soviet censorship's concerns. It also discusses how contemporary international audiences made sense of this material.


Objective To investigate the immunological reaction state of Th1/Th2 cytokines in the peripheral blood from surgical patients with primary carcinoma of Liver and to observe the effects after operation.Methods Serum levels of IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-10 were detected in 24 patients and 24 healthy subjects by using ELISA,and the mRNA expression of Th1 related cytokines(IL-2,IFN-γ) and Th2 related cytokines(IL-4,IL-10) were detected by PCR.Results The serum levels and mRNA expression of Th1 cell from primary carcinoma of Liver patients was obviously lower than that in the healthy control(P0.05),but serum levels and mRNA expression of Th2 cell from primary carcinoma of Liver patients was obviously higher than that in healthy control(P0.05).Conclusion It can be discovered that the concentration or the mRNA expression of Th1 related cytokines is inhibited with a concomitant predominant state of Th2 related cytokines in the peripheral blood from patients in the primary carcinoma of liver.


• Clinically relevant pituitary adenomas have a prevalence of approximately 1:1000 • While pituitary adenomas usually occur as sporadic disease, an increasing number of patients are being recognised with a family member also suffering from a pituitary adenoma • If no other syndromic features are present, these families are categorised as familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) • Germline mutations of the AIP (aryl-hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein) gene are associated with a predisposition to pituitary adenomas • In published studies, 20% of the FIPA families, 20% of sporadic childhood and 13% of sporadic young-onset (≤30y) acromegaly patients carry a germline AIP mutation


The article presents implementation of method of ideological objects identification in discourse in the example of parliamentary debate. The analysis is being conducted according to methodological assumption of communicative grammar. The analysis of extensive testing material shows, that such objects as democracy, right to life, limitation of abortion and in vitro fertilization have the ideological objects status. That is because participants of the discourse choose different parameters, that are characteristic for this objects. If the participants of social-political discourse have lack of consciousness, that these objects could be ambiguous, they could not understand the right meaning of the statements.


Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF) is a new 3 GeV third generation synchrotron light source which is currently in design and will be built in Iran. It will provide a high photon flux density to cover requirements of experimental science in several fields. Regarding to the proposed budget and in order to produce high quality Xray pulses with several photon beamlines as a request of users, it has been decided to design a very low emittance (e<5nm-rad) storage ring with a typical beam intensity of 400 mA and circumference in the range of 280 m to 320 m.


Maize is of importance on the national scene as it is based on several production chains. The same is sown in the country, mostly in no-tillage system. The no-tillage ensures better conditions for soil system and has led to the maintenance


Based on a systematic summary of the scientific and technological achievements made by the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2007,this paper introduces the achievements in terms of the total,sources,types,and so on and analyzes and discusses the achievements through data comparison.


Friction pressure drop measurements were made in vertical bubbly and particulate flows, and friction factors up to two orders of magnitude higher than pure liquid values were obtained. The two-phase friction multiplier for air-water flows was shown to attain values up to 15 times higher than the predictions given by the Lockhart & Martinelli correlations (1949). These findings exemplify the lack of detailed understanding of multi-component flow phenomena. The lack of understanding of the flow kinematics and the small amount of information available on the topic has been primarily due to the primitive stage of development of flow measuring instrumentation.

A shielded, temperature compensated and non-intrusive Impedance Volume Fraction Meter (IVFM) was built and shown to have good spatial and temporal resolution. The dynamic calibration of the device demonstrated that the volume fraction measuring device could also be used to measure both the dispersed medium velocity and concentration. This device enabled us to carry out measurements of small and large amplitude kinematic stability and wave propagation in two-component and three-component flows. The velocities of small amplitude kinematic waves in both air-water and solids-water flows were measured using a cross-correlation technique and these were shown to be non-dispersive. The persistence of flow structure was quantified using the coherence of the IVFM noise at two locations. The structure in solids-water flows was found to be more persistent than in air-water flows, and the most coherent wave length was measured to be of the order of .5 m, or five pipe diameters in both flows. The statistical properties in the inherent noise in the IVFM output was shown to contain valuable information on two- and three-component flow quantities and regime.

In this thesis, we show that much can be learned about the complex nature of multi-component flows with adequate instrumentation, and we emphasize the need for further development of critical flow measuring techniques for use not only in fundamental investigations but also in the monitoring and control of practical multiphase flow processes.


We consider the maximal nilpotent subalgebra NΦ(K) of the Chevalley algebra of the type Φ over an arbitrary field K. Our purpose is enumeration of ideals of NΦ(K) that are invariant under the subgroup D of all diagonal automorphisms. Connections between ideals of NΦ(K) and normal subgroups of the unipotent subgroup of the Chevalley group of the type Φ over K are used. Finally, we use methods of integral representation of sums and of listing lattice paths. We also discuss some other problems of the enumeration of ideals.


The irradiation conditions of the bremsstrahlung converted from 200MeVelectron beam at National Synchtrotyon Radiation Laboratory by tungsten converterwas studied through experimental method it was found that with 4.2-5.2mm-thicktungsten converter, the highest photonuclear reaction yields could be obtained, andthe yield decreased with increasing distance between the sample and the converterwhen the distance was less than 15cm. At present condition, the detedction limits ofC and F are 3.6 and 2.0ng respectively, when the samples are irradiated for 30minwhich is the normal injection time of NSRL.


The use of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) grids in reinforced concrete construction offers several advantages, such as high tensile strength and excellent corrosion resistance. This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies of the flexural performance of ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) panels reinforced with GFRP grids. Such panels can be prefabricated and used as permanent formwork elements for bridge columns or walls. The mechanical properties of GFRP grids and UHPC were experimentally evaluated. The flexural performance of panels containing different reinforcement configurations was evaluated in three-point bending tests. The GFRP grids were found to be able to significantly enhance the flexural performance of the UHPC panels. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was established by using ABAQUS, which incorporated the concrete damage plasticity model and can be used to predict the postfracture behaviors. The numerical model was experimentally validated by using the three-point bending test results and was then used for parametric studies. The studied parameters included the panel thickness and the layer number of the GFRP grids reinforcement. The proposed GFRP–UHPC panel system was shown to be promising for the development of lightweight, high-performance permanent formwork. Such formwork can be used in the accelerated construction of critical infrastructures for the enhancement of crack resistance and extension of the service life.


the birth of Neuroengineering, a new research field recently introduced by the synergic overlap between neuroscience and electronic engineering disciplines, injected a great enthusiasm in researchers. In fact, it opened a new perspective for addressing complex problems such as the understanding of the brain functions and the development of novel and advanced brain-computers. In this article, we offer a brief overview on implementations of integrated interface systems for neurobiological and electrophysiological in-vitro applications. After, we propose a system, still under development, aimed to achieving some hundreds of input channels. The architecture comprises a low-noise preamplifier stage and exhibits for each channel a power consumption of 90.05 μW and a silicon area of about 0.17 mm. Work is currently in progress to implement a fully integrated recording circuitry.


* ABSTRACT - The process of protein enrichment of cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm Dyck) by solid state fermentation with the use of Aspergillus niger and Rhyzopus sp. was studied for improving the nutri- tional value of this cactus species for use as animal feed. The experiments were conducted in the Agro- industrial Waste Laboratory of State University of Southwest Bahia (Brazil). To this end, we have evaluated the effects of biotransformation on the levels of protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as the po- tential degradability. Bioconversion was carried out using cactus pear as the only substrate, without supplemen- tation with nitrogen, mineral and vitamin sources. The fermentation with Aspergillus niger promoted a 78% increase in/of protein content and reductions of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of 40%, 36%, and 28%, respectively. Degradability, in turn, was observed to have increased by 66 % after 240 h. On the other hand, the fermentation with Rhyzopus sp. was less efficient, with a 69% increase in protein content, and reductions in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of 30%, 28%, and 18%. In turn, degradability was seen to have increased by 51%. The fermentation of cactus pear by Aspergillus niger and Rhyzopus sp. exhibited the protein enrichment and increased protein degradability of this Cactaceae. Moreover, this is the most ever efficient mi- cro-organism used in bioconversion. Based on the results, bioconversion of cactus is an excellent alternative to ruminant feeding in arid or semi-arid land.


The quality and safety of dairy products are very urgent because the quality and safety problems of dairy products frequently occur.This paper uses the game theory as the theoretical basis,analyzes the interest guidance of raw milk between the supply and demand sides using the method of qualitative analysis. It also provides an overall analysis of the game situation between the stakeholders,and proposes that the high / low penalty and contrast price of raw milk are the most important factor affecting the stability of the supply- demand relationship of raw milk. Finally,this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures from the three aspects including government,dairy companies and third- party testing according to the model results.


T HE occurrence of virulent new races of crown rust (Puccmia coronata Cda. vat. avena Fraser and Led.) in the United States and Canada on varieties of hexaploid oats (11, 14) has emphasized the importance of resistance possessed by varieties of Avena strigosa Schreb. (2n -14) and A. abyssinica Hochst. (2n -28). Varieties of the diploid also are resistant to many of the older races of crown rust (12, 13, 14) and to many races of stem rust (P. graminis Pets. f. sp. avena Eriks. & Henn.)(15). successful utilization of this resistance depends on transfer of the gent or genes for resistance from the lower chromo-


This paper explores the possibility of verify college competition by generating synergies positive triggered following academic activities that promote a space that encourages both students and teachers to investigate. Academic activity used to have an approach is the programming competition that done in the Engineering Career University Systems.


Climatic deterioration in northeastern Canada following the last interglacial resulted in the formation and abrupt expansion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. However, the physical mechanisms leading to rapid ice sheet expansion are not well understood. Here, the authors report on experiments using an ice sheet model asynchronously coupled to a GCM to investigate the role of ice sheet‐climate feedbacks in terminating the last interglacial period. In agreement with simpler models, the experiments indicate that a specific type of ice‐albedo feedback, the small ice cap instability, is the dominant process controlling rapid expansion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. As ice elevations increase in northeastern Canada, a stationary wave forms and strengthens over the Laurentide Ice Sheet, which acts to hinder further expansion of the ice margin and reduce the effect of the small ice cap instability. The sensitivity of these feedbacks to ice topography results in a reduction in simulated ice volume when the communication interval between the GCM and ice sheet model is lengthened since this permits larger gains in ice elevation between GCM updates and biases the simulationtowardastrongerstationarywavefeedback.Theshortestcommunicationinterval(500 yr)leadsto a Laurentide ice volume of 6 3 10 6 km 3 in 10 kyr, which is less than ice volume estimates based on the geological record but is a substantial improvement over previous GCM studies. The authors discuss potential improvements to the asynchronous coupling scheme that would more accurately resolve ice sheet‐climate feedbacks, potentially leading to greater simulated ice volume.


Introduction: The Laboratory School and Pragmatism Female Professionalism and the Laboratory School Teachers Decision-making at the Laboratory School Teachers as Content Area Experts Laboratory School Teachers and Social Change Democratic Community Implications for Today's Teachers and Schools


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and 16-slice spiral CT venography manifestations of cerebral venous thrombosis. Methods 10 cases of CVT were retrieved. Results The principal symptoms of 10 patients had headache,seizures,focal deficit,papilloedema,conscious disturbance and fever. CT of neuroimaging findings included direct signs in 2 cases and indirect signs in 4 cases,venous sinus filling defect were seen on the three-dimensional reconstruction of CT venography in all patients. Conclusion The patients who suffer from headache,seizures and high intracranial pressure should take CT and CTV exams as early as possible to definite the diagnosis.


During man's early occupation of the North American continent, it was quite acceptable for small communities to take their water from a community source and after use dump the waste downstream of the community. This practice did not affect distant neighbors, so each community remained an entity unto itself, independent of any wider responsibility. Although many small communities would like to remain iso-


In this paper, we present MADAMIRA, a system for morphological analysis and disambiguation of Arabic that combines some of the best aspects of two previously commonly used systems for Arabic processing, MADA (Habash and Rambow, 2005; Habash et al., 2009; Habash et al., 2013) and AMIRA (Diab et al., 2007). MADAMIRA improves upon the two systems with a more streamlined Java implementation that is more robust, portable, extensible, and is faster than its ancestors by more than an order of magnitude. We also discuss an online demo (see http://nlp.ldeo.columbia.edu/madamira/) that highlights these aspects.


With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) technology, it is necessary to ensure the safe and stable landing on the carrier. In this paper, we present a deep learning for UAVs Landing carrier in different conditions. Firstly it analysis of different sea conditions deck motion, constructs a simulation model of the system. The waves motion, deck motion, and then to the aircraft landing motion models are simulation. Then according to a large number of previous land runway, mobile landing platform experimental data, UAV model, wind model and deck motion model build aircraft carrier simulation system. That is based on deep learning, to estimate the safety conditions of contact carrier aircraft and deck. Then, it simulate the deck in different sea conditions and wave motion under the harsh conditions of motion, to testing the deck can withstand the landing limit to make feasibility analysis. Finally, using there simulation data use for UAVs landing on river platform. Simulation results show that the sea conditions with effective longitudinal deviation and lateral deviation of the ship is the most significant. Level 4, level 5, and level 6 sea conditions idea landing condition success rate are 98%, 70.8%, 63%. And it successful uses for landing in river platform.


The authors discuss the results of feasibility studies of direct chip interconnect (DCI) using anisotropic conductive polymer material on both flexible and rigid substrates. The concept is to simultaneously attach and electrically interconnect IC chips to circuit traces. When conductors are joined under heat and pressure to form a bond, metallic spheres within the adhesive layer make contact with both conductor surfaces but not each other; hence the anisotropic conductivity. Electrically anisotropic conductive adhesives offer numerous other advantages in the assembly of electronic circuits, including low temperature assembly, fluxless bonding which eliminates the need for cleaning, and low cost. In addition, the anisotropy inherent in these materials makes them excellent candidates for very fine pitch components.<<ETX>>


This paper addresses the problem of space compaction of test responses of combinational and scan-based sequential circuits. It is shown that given a precomputed test set T, the test responses at the functional outputs of the given circuit-under-test (CUT) can be compacted to a single periodic output, with guaranteed zero-aliasing. The method is independent of the fault model and the structure of the CUT, and uses only the knowledge of the test set T and the corresponding fault-free responses-it is particularly suitable for intellectual property (IF) cores. A new concept of distinguishing outputs and characteristic response function is utilized for synthesizing the compactor. Relevant experimental results on hardware overhead for several ISCAS circuits are presented.


To evaluate the mechanism of action of the effect of digested total proteins (DTP), albumin, and glutelin from chia seed to prevent and inhibit inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

 Preadipocytes (3T3-L1) were differentiated into mature adipocytes and received DTP, digested albumin, or glutelin (1 mg/ml) from chia seed together with conditioned medium (CM) from inflamed macrophages during 48 h (prevention), or the digested samples were added after 48 h of CM-stimulated inflammation (inhibition). ROS and cytokines secretion (IL-10, IL-12, IL-6, MCP-1, PGE2, and TNF-α) were analyzed by ELISA and lipid accumulation by oil red-O staining, triglyceride content, lipase activity and expression of proteins (PPAR-γ, SREBP1, FAS, LPL, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB) by western-blot. The interactions of peptides with FAS, MAGL, and PPAR-γ were evaluated in silico. Data analyses were performed in triplicate from two independent experiments by ANOVA and post-hoc of Tukey (P < 0.05).

 DTP and digested albumin and glutelin in both, prevention and inhibition of induced inflammation, decreased the expression of PPAR-γ more than 50% (P < 0.05). Digested samples reduced TNF-α secretion, ROS production, lipid accumulation, iNOS and COX-2 expression, especially glutelin (−71, −53, −15, −75, and -85%, respectively) on prevention of inflammation. Albumin digest inhibited NO and PGE2 (−42 and 64%, respectively). DTP reduced the lipase activity (−13%), triglyceride content (−27%), and NF-κB expression (−48%) (P < 0.05). On inhibition of inflammation, only SREBP-1 expression was reduced more than 33% (P < 0.05) by every digested protein. DTP was effective to reduce LPL (-32%), FAS (−29%), iNOS (−52%), and COX-2 (−66%) expression, as well as NO secretion (−15%), and triglyceride content (−18%) (P < 0.05). Peptides TGPSPTAGPPAPGGGTH and YLGAHPGTAN, from digested albumin, showed the highest interaction with PPAR-γ (−9.1 kcal/mol) and MAGL (−7.8 kcal/mol), respectively. Peptide APSPPVLGPP from DTP, showed the highest interaction with FAS (−9.8 kcal/mol).

 Digested samples from chia seed were effective in preventing and even inhibiting inflammation in adipocytes by inhibition of PPAR-γ and NF-κB pathways which highlight the effectiveness these digested proteins against obesity complications.

 CNPq and CAPES (Brazil), and NIFA HATCH (USA).


Enterprises use a wide range of heterogeneous information systems in their business activities such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationships Management (CRM) and Supply Chain Management (SCM) systems. In addition to the large amounts of heterogeneous data produced by those systems, external data is an important resource that can be leveraged to enable taking quick and rational business decisions. Classic Business Intelligence (BI) and even the newer Agile Visualization tools focus much of their selling features on attractive and unique visualizations. Preparing data for those visualizations still remains the far most challenging task in most BI projects large and small. Self-service data provisioning aims at tackling this problem by providing intuitive datasets discovery, data acquisition and integration techniques to the end user. The goal of this thesis is to provide a framework that enables self-service data provisioning in the enterprise. This framework empowers business users to search, inspect and reuse data through semantically enriched datasets profiles. Publicly available datasets contain knowledge from various domains such as encyclopedic, government, geographic, entertainment and so on. The increasing diversity of these datasets makes it difficult to annotate them with a fixed number of predefined tags. Moreover, manually entered tags are subjective and may not capture their essence and breadth. We propose a mechanism to automatically attach meta information to data objects by leveraging knowledge bases like DBpedia and Freebase which facilitates data search and acquisition for business users. In many knowledge bases, data entities are described with numerous properties. However, not all properties have the same importance. Some properties are considered as keys for performing instance matching tasks while other properties are generally chosen for quickly providing a summary of the key facts attached to an entity. Business users may want to enrich their reports with these data entities. To facilitate this, we propose a mechanism to select what properties should be used when augmenting extra columns into an existing dataset or annotating instances with semantic tags. Linked Open Data (LOD) has emerged as one of the largest collections of interlinked datasets on the web. In order to benefit from this mine of data, one needs to access to descriptive information about each dataset (or metadata). This metadata enables dataset discovery, understanding, integration and maintenance. Data portals, which are datasets' access points, offer metadata represented in different and heterogeneous models. We first propose a harmonized dataset model based on a systematic literature survey that enables complete metadata coverage to enable data discovery, exploration and reuse by business users. Second, rich metadata information is


Observations of the shell-type supernova remnant SN1006 have been carried out with the HESS system of Cherenkov telescopes during 2003 (18.2 h with two operating telescopes) and 2004 (6.3 h with all four telescopes). No evidence for TeV $\gamma$-ray emission from any compact or extended region associated with the remnant is seen and resulting upper limits at the 99.9% confidence level are up to a factor 10 lower than previously-published fluxes from CANGAROO. For SN1006 at its current epoch of evolution we define limits for a number of important global parameters. Upper limits on the $\gamma$-ray luminosity (for E = 0.26 to 10 TeV, distance d = 2 kpc) of $L_\gamma 25~\mu$G results when considering the synchrotron/inverse-Compton framework for the observed X-ray flux and $\gamma$-ray upper limits.


Series and parallel capacitors in the power system effect reactive power to improve power factor and voltage because of increasing the system capacity and reducing losses. Reactive power of series capacitor is the same to the current. There are certain unpleasant aspects in the capacitor series. Generally, the cost to install a series capacitor is higher than parallel capacitor. It is caused by complex protection equipment for series capacitor and designing series capacitors for greater power than parallel capacitor to solve the future cost. Installation of capacitors is important to reduce of a system reactive power. Transmission line would be most economical if it is used to send active power where the need of reactive power can be obtained by distribution system in substation level. This will allow user in optimum transmission line, improve operational performance and reduce energy losses. It requires a system and planning carefully to fulfill the need of system reactive power in the same way with active power planning and it is programmed an additional generator capacity.


Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are used for monitoring and controlling critical infrastructures such as power stations, waste water treatment facilities, traffic lights, and many more. Lately, these systems have become a popular target for cyber attacks. Both during their design and while operational, security is often an afterthought, leaving them vulnerable to all sorts of attacks.

This paper presents a formal approach for analysing the security of Industrial Control Systems. A knowledge-based system, namely IDP, is used to analyse a model of the control system and extract system vulnerabilities. In this paper we present the input model of the methodology and the inferences and queries that allow the system to extract vulnerabilities. This methodology has been added to an existing framework where the user can model his system in the modeling language SysML. This SysML model then gets parsed into suitable IDP input. A fully working prototype has been developed and the approach has been validated on a real case study.


Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to contribute to the development of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with heart failure (HF). Derivative of reactive oxygen metabolites (DROM), reflecting blood hydroperoxide levels, is a new and easier-to-assay marker of ROS. We investigated the role of DROM in patients with HF with reduced LV ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods: (1) We enrolled consecutive 142 HFrEF patients admitted Kumamoto University Hospital and measured serum DROM levels at the stable condition after standard therapy. We classified HFrEF patients by New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class for evaluation of the severity of HF. HFrEF patients were prospectively followed until occurrence of cardiovascular events (CVE). (2) To investigate whether serum DROM levels are associated with DROM produced in coronary circulation, we measured at the aortic root and the coronary sinus in HFrEF patients.

Results: (1) DROM values were significantly higher in HFREF patients (n=142) compared to risk-matched control subjects (n=81) (366.7±81.6 U.CARR vs 320.3±51.8 U.CARR, p 348U.CARR; median value in HFrEF patients) than in low-DROM group (log-rank test, P<0.01). (2) DROM levels at the coronary sinus were significantly higher than those at the aortic root in HFrEF patients, but not different in non-HF patients (p=0.037). The data indicated that ROS are produced in the coronary circulation in HFrEF patients.

Conclusion: Serum DROM levels associated with their production in coronary circulation, were significantly elevated in relation to severity of HF and could predict future CVE in HFrEF patients. DROM may provide clinical benefits for risk stratification in HFrEF patients.


In an era of globalisation, there is an unprecedented scale and nature of contemporary migrant flows, as well as the flow of goods, capital, ideas, images and technology. This sheer number and mobility of contemporary migrants clearly has massively disruptive effects on traditional modes of dwelling however they were manifest in everyday life. But contemporary migrancy also has important consequences for the way dwelling is conceptualised more generally. This book is concerned with the modes of dwelling that emerge through migrancy; it is also concerned with the effects these modes of dwelling have for dominant conceptions of space and place; and finally, it is interested in the kinds of architectures that become possible if those effects are taken seriously. This book inspects the intersections between architectures of place and flows of migrancy. It does so without seeking to defend the idea of place, nor lament its passing. Rather, this book is an exploration of the often complex and unorthodox modes of dwelling that are emerging precisely from within the ruins of the idea of place. This exploration is informed by post-structuralist analyses of architecture and urbanism, and their representation in media such as film. It focuses on the Pacific Rim as an intensified zone of global flows. Within the Pacific Rim there are complex tensions between the new economies of Asia and the settler nations of Canada, the US, Australia and New Zealand. These tensions produce difficulties for the narrative of the nation state, and herald conditions that no longer conform to the geo-political norms of the old world.


This study examines policies and practices in procurement and commissioning which aim to maximise the value of public organisations' spend by asking for contractors to deliver social value (community benefits) as added value, over and beyond the core requirement. It draws from case studies of revealing practices to i) contribute to the definition and interpretation of the term 'value' in procurement and commissioning, ii) identify a theoretical model of how community (societal) benefits can be delivered as 'added value', aimed at improving public procurement and commissioning practices and iii) explore the implications of this model for the current debate on 'Public Value', examining how it might contribute to policy and practice in creating and delivering value in public services delivery.


Counting problems in general and counting graph homomorphisms in particular have numerous applications in combinatorics, computer science, statistical physics, and elsewhere. One of the most well studied problems in this area is #GraphHom(H) --- the problem of finding the number of homomorphisms from a given graph G to the graph H. Not only the complexity of this basic problem is known, but also of its many variants for digraphs, more general relational structures, graphs with weights, and others.
In this paper we consider a modification of #GraphHom(H), the #_p GraphHom(H) problem, p a prime number: Given a graph G, find the number of homomorphisms from G to H modulo p. In a series of papers Faben and Jerrum, and Goebel et al. determined the complexity of #_2 GraphHom(H) in the case H (or, in fact, a certain graph derived from H) is square-free, that is, does not contain a 4-cycle. Also, Goebel et al. found the complexity of #_p GraphHom(H) for an arbitrary prime p when H is a tree. Here we extend the above result to show that the #_p GraphHom(H) problem is #_p P-hard whenever the derived graph associated with H is square-free and is not a star, which completely classifies the complexity of #_p GraphHom(H) for square-free graphs H.


The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of phosphorus leaching. The processes of phosphorus leaching of four typical soils (red soil, alluvial soil and purple soil) in Hunan are studied through the simulated leaching method by adding CaCl2 solution with phosphorus of different concentration. The phosphorus concentration in the leaching liquid increase as phosphorus concentration in the eluent increased. The process of phosphorus leaching is carried out in stages. There is a critical point on every curve, the critical values of phosphorus leaching in 6 soils fluctuate between 9.854-65.372 mg·kg-1. A big difference of critical values appears among different soils. There is a significantly negative correlation between the critical value of phosphorus leaching and Olsen-P, Fe-P, Al-P, the correlation coefficients are-0.950, -0.834 and -0.897 respectively. The characteristics of phosphorus leaching in different soils varies greatly, different evaluation standard of phosphorus leaching and agricultural management measures should be put forward in view of the different soil in order to reduce phosphorus leaching.


Community Service Activities in the form of Mental Health Therapy Training for Adolescents is one form of community service in the form of seminars aimed at conveying opinions or something new to participants, namely BK and teachers of Vocational High School in Sidoarjo with the hope that participants will get something new to be developed to become one thing that is broader about mental health therapy in adolescents. The activity was carried out on April 7, 2021 at the Health Polytechnic of Kerta Cendekia, Sidoarjo with the target being BK teachers at the Senior High School and Vocational High School levels in Sidoarjo. Before the activity was carried out, there was a process of preparing activities for 3 weeks before the activity was carried out, starting from the selection of extension materials to submission to related parties. As an evaluation, the activity was attended by BK teachers at the Senior High School and Vocational High School in Sidoarjo. Participants participated in these activities with enthusiasm and conducive, the activities can be carried out on time smoothly.


The German Astrophysical Virtual Observatory (GAVO) developed the registered service TheoSSA (theoretical stellar spectra access) and the supporting registered VO tool TMAW (Tuebingen Model-Atmosphere WWW interface). These allow individual spectral analyses of hot, compact stars with state-of-the-art non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) stellar-atmosphere models that presently consider opacities of the elements H, He, C, N, O, Ne, Na, and Mg, without requiring detailed knowledge about the involved background codes and procedures. Presently, TheoSSA provides easy access to about 150000 pre-calculated stellar SEDs and is intended to ingest SEDs calculated by any model-atmosphere code. In the case of the exciting star of PRTM 1, we demonstrate the easy way to calculate individual NLTE stellar model-atmospheres to reproduce an observed optical spectrum. We measured Teff = 98000 +/- 5000 K, log (g / cm/s**2) = 5.0 (+0.3/-0.2) and photospheric mass fractions of H = 7.5 x 10**-1 (1.02 times solar), He = 2.4 x 10**-1 (0.96), C = 2.0 x 10**-3 (0.84), N = 3.2 x 10**-4 (0.46), O = 8.5 x 10**-3 (1.48) with uncertainties of +/- 0.2 dex. We determined the stellar mass and luminosity of 0.73 (+0.16/-0.15) Msun and log (L / Lsun) = 4.2 +/- 0.4, respectively.


The memory system has a memory controller 101 and a plurality of memories (104). One end being connected through a switch 103, a plurality of memory 104 of the bus 106 is connected to a plurality of memory 104. The memory controller 101 is controlled by the switch 103. By suppressing the reflection and the load on the bus 106, a higher data rate can be obtained.


The purpose of the writer is to contribute to the solution of gas problems by direct application of the laws governing the movement of gas through porous media. Also, a correction is given for the determination of pressure at depth.


In order to regulate the voltages of Point of Common Coupling (PCC) and single wind turbine in a wind farm, it is necessary to control the output of reactive power of wind turbines, and in some case, it also need to control static var compensators (SVCs) or static var generators (SVGs) of the wind farm to satisfy the voltage set-point requirement. The accuracy of reactive power control system decides the control level of grid voltage. In order to improve the accuracy, this paper introduces modeling and simulation method of wind farm reactive power control system using DIgSILENT and MATLAB. At first, it introduces the modeling process and co-calling principle of the two kinds of software tools, and then emphasizes that it develops a kind of advanced wind farm reactive power control logic to realize control accuracy improvement in MATLAB, whereas the power quality and distribution logic of reactive power among wind turbines are simulated and assessed. In the end, taking an Inner Mongolia wind farm with 33 double-fed wind turbines as a test application, the wind farm reactive power control model is verified by comparing real wind farm operating data and simulation results, and the result shows that the accuracy of reactive power control system is higher than traditional method.


Aircrew reports of turbulence at heights between 20,000 and 40,000 ft. are analysed to show geographical and seasonal variation in incidence of turbulence. It is found that there is generally a summer minimum of turbulence and an autumn or winter maximum. Reports of the occurrence or non-occurrence of turbulence have been made for the flights of Comet 4B aircraft of British European Airways. Although the assessment of the turbulence was no more than subjective it was thought that the uniform nature of the aircraft, operating over a large number of flight sectors in the European and Mediterranean areas, and the fact that 'nil' returns were also made, could give useful indications of the geographical and seasonal variation of the incidence of the high-level turbulence. An analysis of the reports, made during a period of twelve months, is presented here.


Abstract Background The importance of resilience factors in the positive adaptation of refugee youth is widely recognised. However, their actual mechanism of impact remains under-researched. The aim of this study was therefore to explore protective and promotive resilience mechanisms on both negative and positive mental health outcomes. Promotive resilience is seen as a direct main effect and protective resilience as a moderating effect. Methods Cross-sectional study with 160 Syrian youth aged 13-24 years, who recently resettled in Norway. A multi-dimensional measure for resilience was used to explore the potential impact of resilience factors on pathways between potentially traumatic events from war and flight (PTE), post-migration stress, mental distress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Analyses included regression, moderation and moderated mediation using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results A direct main effect of resilience factors (promotive resilience mechanism) was found for HRQoL and general mental distress, but not for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No moderating effects of resilience factors (protective resilience mechanism) were found. Post-migration stressors mediated the effects of PTE, and this indirect effect was present at all levels of resilience. Relational and environmental level resilience factors and combined amounts had more impact than individual level factors. Conclusions Despite high risk exposure and mental distress, resilience was also high. The direct main effect of resilience factors and less impact on PTSD, suggests universal resilience building interventions may be beneficial, compared to exclusively targeting groups with high symptom levels. These interventions should target relational and environmental resilience factors as well as individual coping techniques. Additionally, reducing current stress and symptoms could increase the efficacy of resilience factors already present. Key messages • Refugee youth may have both high levels of risk and high resilience. • Universal resilience interventions should focus on relational and environmental support, as well as individual resilience.


Abstract We prove that the derived categories of abelian categories have unique enhancements—all of them, the unbounded, bounded, bounded above and bounded below derived categories. The unseparated and left completed derived categories of a Grothendieck abelian category are also shown to have unique enhancements. Finally, we show that the derived category of complexes with quasi-coherent cohomology and the category of perfect complexes have unique enhancements for quasi-compact and quasi-separated schemes.


Early detection of bacteremia is important to prevent antibiotic abuse. Therefore, we aimed to develop a clinically applicable bacteremia prediction model using machine learning technology. Data from two tertiary medical centers' electronic medical records during a 12-year-period were extracted. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), random forest, and gradient boosting algorithms were applied for machine learning analysis. Clinical data within 12 and 24 hours of blood culture were analyzed and compared. Out of 622,771 blood cultures, 38,752 episodes of bacteremia were identified. In MLP with 128 hidden layer nodes, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the prediction performance in 12- and 24-h data models was 0.762 (95% confidence interval (CI); 0.7617–0.7623) and 0.753 (95% CI; 0.7520–0.7529), respectively. AUROC of causative-pathogen subgroup analysis predictive value for Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia was the highest at 0.839 (95% CI; 0.8388–0.8394). Compared to primary bacteremia, AUROC of sepsis caused by pneumonia was highest. Predictive performance of bacteremia was superior in younger age groups. Bacteremia prediction using machine learning technology appeared possible for acute infectious diseases. This model was more suitable especially to pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. From the 24-h blood culture data, bacteremia was predictable by substituting only the continuously variable values.


National Report - Until fairly recently, doctors' options for treating melanoma were limited and patients' prospects grim. That may be changing, however, as new knowledge about the disease's biology begins to bear fruit.


This paper proposes an enhanced fuzzy time series (FTS) prediction model that can keep some information under a various level of confidence throughout the forecasting procedure. The forecasting accuracy is developed based on the similarity between the fuzzified historical data and the fuzzy forecast values. No defuzzification process involves in the proposed method. The frequency density method is used to partition the interval, and the area and height type of similarity measure is utilized to get the forecasting accuracy. The proposed model is applied in a numerical example of the unemployment rate in Malaysia. The results show that on average 96.9% of the forecast values are similar to the historical data. The forecasting error based on the distance of the similarity measure is 0.031. The forecasting accuracy can be obtained directly from the forecast values of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers form without experiencing the defuzzification procedure.


Enthesitis represents one of the most important peripheral musculoskeletal manifestation in patients with axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The prevalence and the burden of the disease associated with this symptom have been widely studied in axSpA and Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA). However, studies evaluating specifically the heel enthesitis and its impact over time are scarce.A) to evaluate the prevalence of patients with heel enthesitis during physical exploration in patients with radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA); b) to evaluate the association of heel enthesitis with higher Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs); c) to assess the impact of the heel enthesitis on the outcome measures after two years of follow-up in these patients.Observational and prospective study during 2 years of follow-up that included patients with r-axSpA from the REGISPONSER-AS study (Spanish Rheumatology Spondyloarthritis Registry). The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence on heel enthesitis on physical exploration during the study visit. The PROs evaluated were the Global VAS, BASDAI, ASDAS, BASFI and the mental and physical components from the SF12 questionnaire. Linear regression models were performed using the PROs as the dependent variable and the presence of heel enthesitis as the explanatory variable, adjusting for bDMARDs intake and age. The impact of the heel enthesitis on PROs over two years of follow-up was evaluated using mixed models for repeated measures adjusting for confounders. Finally, the achievement of ASDAS Low Disease Activity (ASDAS-LDA) and ASDAS Inactive Disease (ASDAS-ID) after 2 years of follow-up between the two groups were evaluated.749 patients were included (mean age 48.4 years; 75.3% men). 46 (6.1%) patients suffered from heel enthesitis on the study visit. Patients with heel enthesitis showed an increase (β coefficient, 95%CI) in Global VAS (1.32, 0.52-2.12), BASDAI (1.49, 0.81-2.18), ASDAS (0.45, 0.12-0.77) and BASFI (9.54, 1.78-17.30) compared with patients without heel enthesitis after adjusting for confounders. The impact of the presence of enthesitis on the PROs after two years of follow-up is shown in Table 1. Patients with heel enthesitis showed higher scores during the two years of follow-up in Global VAS, BASDAI, ASDAS and BASFI. In addition, the percentage of patients who achieved ASDAS-LDA after 2 years of follow up was lower in patients with heel enthesitis (15.9% vs. 31.5%, p=0.030) in comparison with patients without enthesitis. No differences were found regarding ASDAS-ID.Table 1.Impact of the presence of heel enthesitis on PROs over two years of follow-up: mixed models for repeated measures.Current heel enthesitis N = 46 Mean (SD)No current heel enthesitis N = 703 Mean (SD)p-valuep-value age and bDMARDs adjustedGlobal VAS5.1 (2.8)4.3 (2.6)0.0150.010BASDAI4.8 (2.7)3.9 (2.7)<0.001<0.001ASDAS2.9 (1.1)2.6 (1.0)0.0070.005BASFI43.8 (29.7)40.0 (27.4)0.2450.161PC-SF1233.3 (11.4)35.3 (10.7)0.1280.110MC-SF1247.4 (14.2)48.2 (12.2)0.5470.281In patients with r-axSpA, the presence of heel enthesitis on physical exploration was associated with poorer scores on the outcome measures after two years of follow-up, in comparison with patients without heel enthesitis. The achievement of a low disease activity is less likely in patients with this manifestation.None declared


A field experiment was carried out during the kharif season (June–October) of 2016 at the Research Farm of the Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur (C.G.), India to study the "Effect of site specific nutrient management on uptake of nutrient of rice in vertisol". The experiment was laid out in a Randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments namely i.e. RDF(100:60:40:5 NPK and Zn kg ha-1),SSNM based on nutrient expert (120:60:60:5, NPK & Zn kg ha-1), SSNM based on leaf color chart (60:60:60:5, NPK & Zn kg ha-1, rest 50% N based on LCC), SSNM-N, SSNM-P, SSNM-K, Control (N0, P0, K0) and Farmer Fertilizer Practices (N80, P40, K0).The results was that available nitrogen in soil at harvest stage found- nitrogen 196.67 kg ha-1, Total phosphorus 16.52 kg ha-1 and 498.33 kg ha-1 potassium was recorded under treatment T2 SSNM based (NE) similarly the available Zinc content in soil at harvest stage of rice was found higher in treatment T3- SSNM on LCC (0.8 mg kg-1). Overall concluded that treatment based on nutrient expert (NE) recommendations proved superiority over applied different treatments on yield, nutrients uptake (N,P,K & Zn) involved balance removal as required by rice(cv. Rajeshwari) as well sustaining soil available nutrient status.


It was found that diacyl peroxides can be formed in situ in a polymerization medium by the reaction of an acid anhydride with hydrogen peroxide. For the specific application to aqueous vinyl chloride polymerization, an initiator system based on the base-catalyzed reaction of isobutyric anhydride with hydrogen peroxide to produce diisobutyryl peroxide gave very good results. In contrast, the acid chloride was completely ineffective as a peroxide precursor in this reaction. Studies pointing to diisobutyryl peroxide as the initiating species; investigations of reactant stoichiometry; and comparison of the in situ system with preformed diisobutyryl peroxide were conducted. It was shown that this system makes possible the polymerization of vinyl chloride at 30°C at rates comparable to those obtained with dialkyl peroxydicarbonates at 50°C, thus demonstrating the ability of this system to initiate vinyl chloride polymerization at low temperature. The rates of vinyl chloride polymerization with the use of different concentrations of in situ diisobutyryl peroxide at 30, 40, and 50°C were determined. Similarly, polymerization rates with the use of combinations of in situ diisobutyryl peroxide and n-propyl peroxydicarbonate were determined. The data obtained demonstrate rapid initiation of the polymerization reaction and a reduction in polymerization time made possible by this dual initiator system. These results were verified in pilot-plant and commercial-scale PVC polymerizations.


This paper discusses the rationale and structure of two Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) created as part of the EU-funded Move-Me project, which aims to develop two MOOCs and open educational resources for university learners participating in mobility programmes in Europe. The MOOCs are designed to help learners develop the skills necessary to understand, critique and deploy academic discourse in selected disciplines. The article will first briefly present the Move-Me project, its objectives, and outcomes. It will then explain the methodological framework of reference for the two MOOCs, reflect on x, c, and hybrid MOOC structures and discuss how metacognitive skills and strategies are employed to achieve the stated learning objectives.


No doubt that the burden of liver diseases worldwide is significant, but China has a greater burden than other countries. In an "eye-opening" article, Wang et al. provide numbers on the disproportionate contribution from China to global liver disease. The numbers are astonishing. Half of the global incidence for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs in China, where this cancer kills approximately 383,000 individuals every year. If more than one quarter of the hepatitis B serum antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals live in China (93 million), the contribution of China to chronic hepatitis C is no less than 13 million people. Last, but not least, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to affect 200 million Chinese. Substantial efforts are under way, as shown by the positive effects of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;60:2099-2108)


This paper presents an accurate analytical model for evaluating the performance of the Join the Shortest Queue (JSQ) policy. The system considered consists of N identical queues with infinite buffers, and each of the queues has one server. Job arrival process is assumed to be Poisson. Service times are assumed to be exponentially distributed. When a job arrives at the system, it is sent to the queue with the smallest number of jobs. Ties are broken by selecting randomly one of the queues with minimal number of jobs. Exact analysis of the JSQ policy is known to be very difficult, and our analytical model for JSQ policy gives very close approximations. A birth-death Markov process is used to model the evolution of the number of jobs in the system. An iterative procedure is devised to estimate the state transition rates. Average job response time is used as the performance measure. Extensive simulations are performed and compared with the analytical results. Our results show that this method provides very accurate estimates (within 3.5%) of the average job response times for N up to 64.


We prove the well-posedness results, i.e. existence, uniqueness, and stability, of the solutions to a class of nonlocal fully nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs), where there is an external time parameter $t$ on top of the temporal and spatial variables $(s,y)$ and thus the problem could be considered as a flow of equations. The nonlocality comes from the dependence on the unknown function and its first- and second-order derivatives evaluated at not only the local point $(t,s,y)$ but also at the diagonal line of the time domain $(s,s,y)$. Such equations arise from time-inconsistent problems in game theory or behavioural economics, where the observations and preferences are (reference-)time-dependent. To address the open problem of the well-posedness of the corresponding nonlocal PDEs (or the time-inconsistent problems), we first study the linearized version of the nonlocal PDEs with an innovative construction of appropriate norms and Banach spaces and contraction mappings over which. With fixed-point arguments, we obtain the well-posedness of nonlocal linear PDEs and establish a Schauder-type prior estimate for the solutions. Then, by the linearization method, we analogously establish the well-posedness under the fully nonlinear case. Moreover, we reveal that the solution of a nonlocal fully nonlinear parabolic PDE is an adapted solution to a flow of second-order forward-backward stochastic differential equations.


The invention relates to the technical field of immunoassay for food safety testing, in particular to a triazophos bio-barcode immunoassay determination kit. The kit comprises a kit body, wherein triazophos standards, triazophos magnetic nano-probes, single-standard colloidal gold nano-probes, triazophos double-standard colloidal gold nano-probes, a DNA biochip and a silver staining reagent. The kit can detect the content of triazophos in to-be-detected samples simply, conveniently, rapidly, sensitively, specifically and stably and is good in experimental reproducibility and convenient to operate and produce.


Dutch-born American painter Willem de Kooning (1904-1997) was a leader of the abstract expressionist movement. Inspired by Arshile Gorky to abandon the realist style that had dominated his work in the 1930s, he began experimenting with abstraction in the 1940s and quickly gained critical success. His monumental Woman series of the 1950s - characterized by wild color and aggressive overtones - was received with both controversy and acclaim. He continued to paint until the late 1980s, leaving behind a vast and impressive body of work.


Artemeriopolides A‒D (1‒4), four novel cadinane sesquiterpenoid dimers featuring the rare 2-oxaspiro[4.6]undecan-1,7-dione, 2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one, and 2-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-1-one ring systems, were isolated from Artemisia eriopoda. They were classified as two types of carbon...


The ''Sirens'' episode of James Joyce's Ulysses has been the subject of a large number of studies attempting to decipher the author's complex conflation of music and language. Considering the fin-de-siècle fascination with artistic interrelationships and Joyce's own background as an accomplished tenor, his interest in synthesizing the two art forms is not surprising. As early as 1877, the well-known critic Walter Pater had argued in his essay ''The School of Giorgione'' that ''all art constantly aspires towards the condition of music'';1 similarly, in ''Mystery in Literature,'' Stéphane Mallarmé aligned poetic expression with musical performance that ''unfolds . . . through simulated veils,''2 implying that music, as an abstract art form that resists the assignment of meaning, provides a model for poetry in its ability to suggest rather than define. Contemporaries of Joyce, including Thomas Mann, Virginia Woolf, and Marcel Proust, were equally fascinated by the intersection of music and literature. But Joyce goes far beyond any of these authors in putting theory into practice. In Ulysses, his prose becomes increasingly ''musical,'' culminating in the ''Sirens'' episode, for which he freely acknowledged music as his model. While the chapter is typically interpreted as one in which language is transformed into music, I argue that it also represents Joyce's attempt to reconfigure music in terms of language. Joyce indicates in the ''Proteus'' episode that language can only be fully understood in terms of both sight and sound; in ''Sirens'' he frames music in the same terms, asserting that we experience it through the interplay of the visible and the audible. Joyce's radical ''performance'' in fusing language and music in ''Sirens'' thus underscores his argument that the perception of music, like that of language, requires a synchronization of simultaneity and sequence.


Adjusting my stinging eyes to the brightness of my phone, I check the time, 'Oh wow its only 5am, I've got another two hours till I need to get up!' Flying into LA the night before, I had only had a few hours' sleep. Too excited, I laid back down restless. I had checked the class timetable at Gold's Gym the previous day and the only available spinning class for the duration of my short research trip was scheduled in for 9.30am on the Saturday morning. Shoving down a piece of toast and using my google maps, I dragged my dehydrated jet-lagged body to the metro stop, eagerly traipsing onto the metro where I was eventually one step closer to reaching my destination. Jumping off at the right stop, I was relieved I was on time and quite impressed that I wasn't lost! A powerful black and gold sign dominated the corner of the street 'come see why we are the most famous gym in the world'... I'm not that far away now!


– This research was carried out in order to analyze the characteristics of the sales process and the aspects of the SCRUM methodology that should be considered to propose a web application design in the city of Trujillo. The type of study was intentional; calculating 45 service companies as a sample. A questionnaire was used to collect data. In addition, for the design of the proposal, the web application based on information symmetry was used as a theoretical framework. The dimensions of the factual variable were sales and customers, while the propositional axes considered in the propositional variable were security and usability. Likewise, the thematic axes on which the thematic variable was analyzed were roles, events and artifacts. The results show that "Effectiveness in sales made", "Execution of the sales process", "Customer acquisition" and "Customer recurrence" had an average "regularly" score of 49%, 49%, 36% and 29%, respectively. Having said all the above, it can be concluded that there is a deficiency in the sales processes; the indicator with the lowest score is "Customer Recurrence", which is why a web application was developed based on the symmetry of information for service companies in the city of Trujillo.


The challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic become amplified in the setting of non-intubated patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Unlike the closed system that characterizes an intubated patient attached to a respiratory circuit, non-invasive ventilatory support threatens an increased risk of permeating the clinical workspace with airborne viral particles. Patients with sleep apnea may mandatorily require non-invasive ventilation strategies to see them through a respiratory illness. In this infographic, the considerations and general principles of managing non-invasive ventilation in such a scenario are outlined. The reader is encouraged to review the article in its entirety for a full depth of understanding.


ABSTRACT To date, all the writings of Yan Lianke to the native Chinese revolution contain reflection and criticism in the absurd and allegorical narratives from " H ard as W ater " , " Serve the People " to " Lenin ' s Kisses " to "The Four Books" and " The Explosion Chronicles " . Among them, " H ard as W ater " written as " revolution " and " The Explosion Chronicles " written as " new revolution " (reform) are undoubtedly a sample of our reflection on the history of native China and the d irectly facing of current Chin a . Whether it is " H ard as W ater " or " The Explosion Chronicles " , the revolution eventually leads the revolutionaries to a utopia of desire, thus deducing the " Crime and Punishment " of the era and human nature. Keywords: Yan L ianke, Hard as Water , The Explosion Chronicles, Crime and Punishment


Objective:To study effects of neural electrophysiological functional revocery of rat irradiated by different power output of He Ne laser.Method:The He Ne laser with power output of 5mW,10mW,15mW were used in order to observe the neural eclectrophysiological funtional recovery and nerve fiber regeneration of the rat,Result:Irradiation on injured sciatic nerve with three kinds of power output of He Ne laser could promote nerve regeneration.At sixth and eighth week the conduction velocity of motor nerve was significantly faster than control group.Conclusion:Irradiation on injured sciatic nerve by He Ne laser could promote neural functional recovery.


After the analysis and research of connotation of modern forestry theory and the transformation of contemporary forestry construction idea,the definition and characteristic of modern forestry has expounded theoretically.And then,through the comparative external analysis of current situation and the tendency of Gannan forestry development in Jiangxi province,the way and methods of modern forestry construction in Gannan have discussed.And the frame system,development pattern and countermeasure of modern forestry construction have proposed.


for the environment, genetic engineering (especially with respect to the animal creation), the nature and (Christianly based) limits of the family, and homosexuality (which Banner takes up via discussion of official statements from five different church bodies). The arguments of these chapters are always rigorous and thorough, and they are characterized by very careful engagement with arguments from other quarters. Indeed, in some respects they


We develop a phenomenological mean field theory for the strain in URu$_{\text2}$Si$_{\text2}$ through its hidden order transition. Several experimental features are reproduced when the order parameter has B$_{\text{1g}}$ symmetry: the topology of the temperature--pressure phase diagram, the response of the strain stiffness tensor above the hidden-order transition at zero pressure, and orthorhombic symmetry breaking in the high-pressure antiferromagnetic phase. In this scenario, the hidden order is characterized by the order parameter in the high-pressure antiferromagnetic phase modulated along the symmetry axis, and the triple point joining those two phases with the paramagnetic phase is a Lifshitz point.


An in vitro proliferative system was used to assess the capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce a specific T‐cell response in mice. Sensitized T cells were generated in vivo by subcutaneous inoculation with LPS. These T cells, which were purified on nylon wool columns, were stimulated to proliferate in vitro by LPS. Results of several lines of experimentation confirmed that the responding cells were T cells. Additional experiments indicated that sensitized T cells could distinguish between LPS and ovalbumin. Finally, it was found that genetic responsiveness to the biological effects of lipid A was required for full clicitation of LPS‐induced T‐cell proliferation. The data were interpreted to indicate that LPS interacted with, and stimulated, antigen‐specific murine T cells.


The main purpose of the tourism education in bachelor degree is to train students well-informed at the tourism industry and also multilingual competent. Looking at the results of the researches in tourism education they specify that generally the foreign language education and the motivation of the students of the Tourism and Hospitality Management Department are insufficient. The purpose of this study is to determine the motivation level of the students against to the German language, who study at the Faculties of Economics and Administrative Sciences and Tourism at the Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management in the academic year 2012-2013. According to the results of research the students have an intermediary level of motivation to learning German. Therefore, suggestions will be offered based on the results of the study.


Improved radiochemical techniques have been used to study the distribution in mass of the fission fragments resulting from thermal neutron fission in 239Pu.Disintegration rates and half-lives were determined by measurement with a 4πβ gas flow proportional counter. Further identification of the nuclides was obtained by gamma scintillation spectrometry. The flux intensity during irradiation was monitored by the 59Co(n,γ)60Co reaction.The absolute fission yields of 89Sr, 90Sr, 91Y, 95Zr, 99Mo, 103Ru, 106Ru, 105Rh, 109Pd, 1I2Pd, 111Ag, and 115Cd in the light mass peak and 127Sb, 131I, 133I, 132Te, 137Cs, 140Ba, 141Ce, 143Ce, 144Ce, 147Nd, and 156Eu in the heavy mass peak have been measured. In addition, the independent yields of 82Br, 124Sb, 126Sb, and 136Cs were obtained.