Francoist thought, bereft of arguments to legitimize and embed the figure of the Caudillo Francisco Franco in the history of Spain, sought its inspirational sources, among other ideal references, in various legends and myths of Spanish medieval stock: the Reconquista and the Crusades, or the all-out war against the Muslim infidel; that of Fernan Gonzalez, supposedly the symbolic defender of Castilian unity and, by extension, of the rest of Spain; or that of El Cid, illusory archetype of the defender of the Fatherland, legendary vassal of constant faith and loyalty to his king and to his kingdom, utopian guardian of public morality, and imaginary guarantor of continuity in the exercise of power.


Slow diffusion of AgX with O(SiMe2(4-Py))2 (L) yields unique molecular rectangles consisting of [Ag(L)]2X2 (X- = NO3-, ClO4-, PF6-, and CF3SO3-). For the rectangular system, the transannular argentophilic (Ag−Ag) interaction competes with the interaction between Ag(I) and its anions, while the π−π interactions are constantly preserved. The strength of the argentophilic interaction is in the following order:  NO3- > ClO4- > PF6- > CF3SO3- and is reversibly stretched via the anion exchange from 3.20(1) to 3.81(1) A without the destruction of the cyclic skeleton.


In characteristic mode analysis (CMA), solving the characteristic modes (CMs) from the generalized eigenvalue problem takes the main part of the workload. In this letter, the algorithm based on the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury (SMW) formula is embedded into the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method to improve the efficiency of solving the CMs. In this method, the impedance matrix is compressed into a product of block-diagonal matrices by using the SMW formula with adaptive cross approximation algorithm. Benefiting from the efficient compression, calculating the inverse matrix of the impedance matrix and the matrix vector products related to the solution of the generalized eigenvalue problem is accelerated. Consequently, the computational time and memory requirement in CMA are both reduced. Some numerical examples are demonstrated to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.


troduced you to Microsoft's worldwide K–12 education initiative, Partners in Learning, and gave you some background as to why Microsoft was interested in developing projectbased learning curricula for teachers to help them better integrate technology into learning and teaching (L&L, February 2007, pp. 12–16). We discussed the partnership with ISTE in creating projectbased learning curriculum as part of Partners in Learning and explored the use of the curriculum in Denmark, a country that has a long history of integrating technology into education and is a longtime supporter of project-based learning. It's time for you to get your passports ready once again, because this article will take you on a trip to two very different locations and two very different education systems, both making great use of the project-based learning curriculum. First, we'll continue to head east from Denmark to Estonia, and then we'll cross Asia to Project-Based Learning Around the World By Kristen Weatherby


A view of planned health service procurement activities at all PCTs that allows staff to identify where similar projects to their own are taking place and who to contact for examples of work that will be useful to them.


Ultra-thin Whitetopping is widely used abroad as a new kind of pavement structure.Because of the special structure of UTW,the thin concrete surface is strongly required to keep good bonding with the underlying asphalt layer.As a result,The shearing property at the interface is of great importance to ensure the performance of UTW under traffic.A shearing test at the interface is designed on the basis of utilizing a portable shearing device.Compound samples with the upper part of concrete and the under layer of asphalt mixture are prepared to simulate the bonding condition between UTW and the asphalt layer.The law is reached of the shearing strength at the intersection changing with the temperature and the vertical pressure.On the other hand,the feasibility of the shearing test is verified.


The propagation of noise in wavefront reconstructors has been investigated for the case of spatially uncorrelated noise. In some situations, the detection noise may be spatially correlated. Here we investigate the noise propagation for the case of spatially correlated noise. We compute the error in wavefront reconstruction as a function of correlation length and noise strength. Results are presented describing noise propagation in a non-iterative complex wavefront reconstructor.


The concept of the combinatorial discovery and optimization of new materials, and its background,importance, and application, as well as its current status in the world, are briefly reviewed in this paper.


Auxiliary Kvβ subunits form complexes with Kv1 family voltage-gated K+ channels by binding to a part of the N terminus of channel polypeptide. This association influences expression and gating of these channels. Here we show that Kv4.3 proteins are associated with Kvβ2 subunits in the brain. Expression of Kvβ1 or Kvβ2 subunits does not affect Kv4.3 channel gating but increases current density and protein expression. The increase in Kv4.3 protein is larger at longer times after transfection, suggesting that Kvβ-associated channel proteins are more stable than those without the auxiliary subunits. This association between Kv4.3 and Kvβ subunits requires the C terminus but not the N terminus of the channel polypeptide. Thus, Kvβ subunits utilize diverse molecular interactions to stimulate the expression of Kv channels from different families.


In the new century, the game rules and market bodies have changed with China' s entry into WTO and the globalization of economy. Therefore, it is more important to study and find out a way out for China's enterprises under the situation of intense competition. The merge and recombination of enterprises are one of most economical and best ways for them to have a place in the market.But China's enterprises are facing a rigorous challenge brought by theforeign enterprises The article discusses the current situation and the problems existing in the merging and recombination in China's corporations.Based this, the article puts forward some strategies in coping with the problems.


The "Two Courses" teaching is now facing even higher requirements of quality-oriented education,yet its effect of educating people is restricted as a result of the errors now existing in judgment and practice.Therefore something must be done to strengthen the construction of the "Two Courses" and to give full play to its advantages of educating people.


Background: Multiple, small retrospective studies have suggested that ALL can occur as a secondary cancer, but the diagnosis of sALL remains controversial. Furthermore, its clinical significance remains poorly defined. Using population based data, we examined a large, retrospective cohort of patients with sALL to determine the risk factors for and prognostic impact of sALL compared to ALL without preceding cancer. Methods: Patients diagnosed with ALL during 1988-2012 were identified in the California Cancer Registry (CCR) (n=15,135). Cases were considered sALL if they were preceded by any other malignancy except primary acute leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, Burkitt leukemia/lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma or non-hodgkin lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Non-menaloma skin cancer is not captured by CCR, and thus was not included considered a first malignancy. We determined standard incidence ratios (SIR) for sALL by comparing expected rates of ALL from the CCR to observed rates in patients with a previous malignancy. Hematologic malignancies and breast, thyroid and germ cell cancers were identified as potential high-risk patients in prior reports. SIRs for these tumors and for colorectal and prostate cancer, due to their frequency, were calculated. The effect of sALL, compared to primary ALL, on overall survival (OS) was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models accounting for age, sex, race, year of diagnosis, histology, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), marital status, and rural vs urban residence. Results: Secondary ALL accounted for 3.7% (n=566) of patients diagnosed with ALL in the CCR. Compared to primary ALL, sALL was more common in females (43% vs 55%, p The SIRs of developing sALL are summarized in the Table. Of note, both men and women were more likely to develop ALL after a preceding malignancy than the background population, overall SIR 1.7 (95% CI 1.5 - 1.8), male SIR 1.4 (1.2 - 1.6), and female SIR 2.0 (1.8 - 2.4). While hematologic malignancies and endocrine/thyroid cancers increased the risk in men and women, germ cell tumors increased the risk of sALL only in men; expectedly breast cancer increased the risk only in women. Compared to primary ALL, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of death for patients with sALL was 1.07 (0.96-1.18, p=0.2). A second model considered type of prior malignancy to sALL: hematologic malignancies, solid tumors with statistically significant SIRs >1 (breast, thyroid, and germ cell), and other tumors. Compared to primary ALL, patients with sALL after a prior hematologic malignancy had a significantly increased risk of death (aHR 1.38, 1.07 - 1.8), while those with prior breast/thyroid/germ cell (aHR 1.18, 0.95 - 1.46) or any other primary (aHR 1.12, 0.96 - 1.31) cancers did not. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study represents the largest cohort of sALL reported to date, and establishes sALL as a clinically relevant subtype of ALL. Although the risk of developing sALL is increased for patients with any prior malignancy, only specific cancers provide excess risk. Furthermore, the risk of death was increased in sALL patients with a prior hematologic cancer. Our findings provide evidence that sALL is clinically distinct entity, and have implications for both survivorship of solid and hematologic cancer and risk stratification of ALL. Further study into the etiology of sALL, and the possibility that sALL is therapy related, is warranted. Disclosures Jonas:Onyx: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria; GlycoMimetics: Consultancy.


In current commercially-available direct methanol fuel cells, water filtration from the cathode to the anode side of the cell is performed by an active process. This process requires large, power-consuming components such as a water pump, water separator, and condenser. UNF has developed a gas distribution layer (GDL) which performs the water filtration tasks passively. This passive water filtration enables the elimination of several components found in a conventional fuel cell, which, in turn, increases the volumetric energy density to levels comparable to lithium ion batteries.


This research was designed to gain further insight into the psychological mechanisms underlying the "black sheep effect" (e.g., Marques, Yzerbyt, & Leyens, 1988) using a paradigm that allowed us to address 2 potential limitations of previous research in this area. First, unlike earlier work, this research varied the group membership of the observer in combination with that of the target (i.e., an Observer Target design), which is necessary to provide a strict test of the black sheep effect. Second, we relied on a manipulation of group membership that was more subtle than that employed by previous research. This allowed us to test whether participants would spontaneously (i.e., without prompting by the experimenter) use group membership as a basis for derogating dislikeable members of the ingroup. These issues were explored using a "get acquainted paradigm" in which male or female participants read transcripts of a conversation between 2 students whose apparent gender was manipulated by varying only their ...


The present invention, propylene, in producing the isobutylene or unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid tert-butanol corresponding to each gas-phase catalytic oxidation with molecular oxygen, provide long-term methods available catalyst to. Specifically, molybdenum, the presence of a catalyst comprising a composite oxide containing bismuth and iron as essential components, is propylene, and vapor phase catalytic oxidation of isobutylene or tertiary butanol with molecular oxygen in the raw material, respectively a method for producing an unsaturated aldehyde and unsaturated carboxylic acid corresponding to, when a boundary temperature of activation energy of the catalyst was TA ° C., the at (TA-15) ℃ than TA ° C. below the temperature range as the raw material of the reaction rate is constant, control is performed to change the molar ratio, the reaction pressure and / or oxygen and feedstock.


We report measurements of the critical current vs. Co thickness in Nb/Cu/Co/Ru/Co/Cu/Nb Josephson junctions, where the inner Co/Ru/Co trilayer is a "synthetic antiferromagnet" with the magnetizations of the two Co layers coupled antiparallel to each other via the 0.6 nm-thick Ru layer. Due to the antiparallel magnetization alignment, the net intrinsic magnetic flux in the junction is nearly zero, and such junctions exhibit excellent Fraunhofer patterns in the critical current vs. applied magnetic field, even with total Co thicknesses as large as 23 nm. There are no apparent oscillations in the critical current vs. Co thickness, consistent with theoretical expectations for this situation. The critical current of the junctions decays over 4 orders of magnitude as the total Co thickness increases from 3 to 23 nm. These junctions may serve as useful templates for future explorations of spin-triplet superconducting correlations, which are predicted to occur in supercon- ducting/ferromagnetic hybrid systems in the presence of certain types of magnetic inhomogeneity.


Of all the elements, vocabulary is the most active and changeable. With the development of the society, a lot of new things and ideas have appeared. Chinese vocabulary is one of them. New words, new phrases and new usages have grown in large quantities in Chinese vocabulary. It shows in the following aspects. On the one hand, it becomes rich in content. It concerns all fields of the society from the meaning of words. From the sources, it also has loanwords, dialects, ancient words, and newly-formed words, etc. On the other hand, it has evolved on great varieties in styles, such as innovation, classification, transformation and so on.


The paper describes the composition and the main functions of contract management system under CIMS environment in AISC Cold Rolling Mill. The system consists of five parts i.e. contract tracing, quality guaranty management, contract delivery plan, asking for vehicle plan and comprehensive inquiry. The application of the system makes the enterprise quality raised, the ability in response to change of the enterprise increased. Therefore the economic and social benefits are very considerable.


A kinetic mechanism is proposed for the low temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide. A general mathematical model which conserves all reactants, catalytic impurities and intermediate species is formulated to contain all proposed reactions without invoking the assumption of steady states. Numerically integrated solutions predict the observed kinetic behaviour of glow, explosion and oscillation. Particular effort has been directed to the study of the various characteristics connected with kinetic oscillations observed in the oxidation of carbon monoxide in both dry and wet mixtures.


The importance of automated classification of histopathological images has been increasingly recognized for effective processing of large volumes of data in the era of digital pathology for new discovery of disease mechanism. This paper presents a deep-learning approach that extracts time-frequency features of H&E stained tissue images for classification by long short-term memory networks. Using two large public databases of colorectal-cancer and heart-failure H&E stained tissue images, the proposed approach outperforms several state-of-the-art benchmark classification methods, including support vector machines and convolutional neural networks in terms of several statistical measures.


Water distribution networks (WDNs) have a long life cycle, and understanding how infrastructure deteriorates over time can contribute to its efficient management. In this paper, a computational model is developed to simulate the deterioration of a WDN over its life cycle and analyze how its operation is affected, both hydraulically and economically. For this, four parameters are considered, changing over a 20-year life cycle: (1) an increase in water consumption due to population growth, modeled using statistical growth rates; (2) the deterioration of pipes, which increases according to a constant growth rate of internal roughness; (3) a change in leakage in the network, calculated based on population size, network length, and operating pressure; and (4) the deterioration of pumps, estimated according to their mechanical aging. The results point to maintenance services being essential for the efficient operation of WDNs, with leaks having the greatest impact on operating costs.


We study the distribution of extensions of a number field $k$ with fixed abelian Galois group $G$, from which a given finite set of elements of $k$ are norms. In particular, we show the existence of such extensions. Along the way, we show that the Hasse norm principle holds for $100\%$ of $G$-extensions of $k$, when ordered by conductor. The appendix contains an alternative purely geometric proof of our existence result.


We are presenting a case of proximal humerus& shaft fracture in a 50 year old female. She sustained injury on her left upper limb in a road traffic accident. It was managed with closed reduction & external fixation by Joshi External Stabilisation System (JESS). Lacerated wound over her left shoulder & arm region was managed with skin grafting. The post-operative period was uneventful. Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2017) Vol.05 No.01 Issue 15, Page: 54-58


The authors report their findings from a research project undertaken to determine the significance of expenditures for electric energy for manufacturing and other industrial establishments in Arkansas and the impact of those expenditures on competitive position and on potential expansions and relocations. On the basis of questionnaire responses, Arkansas industrial location advantages included an available labor pool and a prevailing work ethic, market proximity, good weather and environment, and low electric power costs, although these were offset by future uncertainties. The study identified uncertainty associated with electric rates as one of several negative locational factors. 2 tables.


A full-fat soybean milk base was produced by grinding blanched soybean cotyledons with water, heating, and homogenizing the resulting slurry (Nelson et al., JFS 41(1): 57, 1976). The soy milk base was spray dried using a Necro-Niro portable spray drier. The protein dispersibility index (PDI) of the spray dried powder was altered by changing the processing conditions used during manufacture or spray drying. The PDI of the spray-dried soy milk base was higher when ammonium bicarbonate rather than sodium bicarbonate was used for blanching the cotyledons. The PDI of the spraydried powder increased when the soybean slurry was homogenized at high pressures and when sodium bisulfite was added to the soy milk base before drying. Sodium bisulfite was the most effective single treatment for increasing PDI. Increasing the pH of the soy milk base to 9 before spray drying increased the PDI of the soy powder. Desludging the soy milk base did not increase the PDI. The best PDI obtained was 72.


An eight-step synthesis of 11,12-didehydrodibenzo[a,e]cydoocten-5(6H)-one (10) was developed. The structure of 10 was assigned by spectroscopic means and confirmed by X-ray analysis of its 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative. Reaction of the triple bond of 10 with dicarbonyl( η 5 -cyclopentadienyl)cobalt or dicarbonyl(η 5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt gave the corresponding metal-stabilized cyclobutadiene complexes.


Customer orientation has been a focus of research for a number of years in marketing literature. Whereas prior research primarily focused on service employees' customer orientation, this paper explores management's customer orientation and its effects on employees' job satisfaction and competency. Role stress is proposed to mediate the effects of management's customer orientation on employees' job perceptions because it is a mechanism by which employees make the management's strategies a reality in service organizations. We test the proposed mediation model using structural equation modeling and a sample of government agency employees. The results support the proposed model. We provide the implications of the model for managers of government organizations and future research in this area.


A comprehensive Environmental Program Management Plan for the Oak Ridge Complex issued recently by DOE outlines plans to update waste management practices at the site's Y-12 Plant, National Laboratory and Gaseous Diffusion Plant. The report was prepared in response to a recommendation by two subcommittees of the House Science and Technology Committee during a hearing on losses of mercury at the Y-12 Plant. The plan has been sent to the Committee. The plan lists funding requirements and schedules for improvements including construction at the three facilities. It is consistent with the commitment made by DOE to EPA and the State of Tennessee regarding program upgrading. The plan points out that while there is general agreement that there are no immediate health hazards associated with Oak Ridge environmental problems, there is a need to bring operation of the facilities into compliance with contemporary standards. Completing corrective projects already under way and implementing others will cost approximately $450 million over the next five years with an additional $200 to $300 million required after 1988.


Objective:To explore a scientific and suitable method for rapidly estimating the size of drug abusers. Methods:Multiple -stage rapid assessment methodwasusedin the surveyof 125 drug abusers in a Beijing re-education through laboragency. Results:The average,lowest and highest estimated numbers of heroin abusers in Beijing were 40 000 , 30 000 and 60 000 ,respectively,which were 2.14 , 1.60 and 3.21 times as much as those of the registereddrug abusers in 2005. The average,lowest and highest estimated numbers of"club drug" abusers in Beijing were 30 000 , 25 000 and 50 000 , respectively. Conclusion:Application of rapid assessment method for estimating the size of drug abusers is simple and credible. Although there are many factors that might affect assessment procedure,rapid assessment method can be used in drug abuse epidemiology study with the research design and operation technique being improved.


Packet classification is used to determine the behavior of incoming packets in network devices. The development of algorithms for packet classification that can be applied in a widespread manner to firewalls is required, given the prevalence of Internet threats and the need for effective communication. As it is achieved using linear search on a classification rule list, a large number of rules leads to longer communication latency. To decrease the latency, a problem known as optimal rule ordering (ORO) has been formalized, which aims to identify the ordering of rules that minimizes the classification latency caused by packet classification, while preserving the classification policy.Because ORO is known to be NP–hard, various heuristics for ORO have been proposed.Certain algorithms with time complexities of O(n2) exist that cannot sufficiently reduce the latency. Algorithms that can reduce the latency have time complexities of O(n3).To decide the position where rules should be placed, most heuristic algorithms for ORO calculate evaluations that take into account of packets that match the rule and the constraints of reordering. This calculation is the bottleneck of time complexities for reordering algorithms, and there is a trade-off relationship with the reordering accuracy. Thus in this paper, we propose O(n2) method that uses the average number of not only the rule to be evaluated but also the rules that are depended by it. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by comparing it with other O(n2) methods using ClassBench, which is a benchmark for packet classification algorithms.


Current study attempted to investigate the evidence utility of psychological autopsy based on precedents accumulated over the past 10 years. Precedents analysis was conducted by applying topic modeling, and the main topics of psychological autopsy were confirmed.
For the study, the case law was selected based on the information of the Korean court and the National Legal Information Center. If the lower court and the appeal were the same case, the final 46 precedents were integrated into one document and used as analysis data, and the above data were classified by time and case. Reviewing the original and topic modeling results showed that 'Interpersonal factors', including all the personal environment of office worker suicide, stressful work environment and socio-economic factors. 'Inner suicide risk factor', which urged the suicide of the deceased, which is important to suicide prediction and can affect suicide behavior. 'Purpose of psychological autopsy' which can be obtained through psychological autopsy. 'Organizational-related factors' including suicide-related factors in the military, indicating that the psychological state before suicide is often caused by job stress. 'Source of information on psychological autopsy' which can obtain the information necessary to conduct psychological autopsy is an issue of psychological autopsy precedents found in precedents. These results can be used as evidence to determine policy development and precedent trends related to the evidence utility of psychological autopsy in the future.


Pyrazolo-[2,3-d]-chroman dione derivatives were obtained via Diels-Alder reaction of pyrazolone arylidenes and 1,4-benzoquinone. The reaction rate and its yield have been found to be solvent and time dependent. The evaluation of the bactericidal and fungicidal screening showed significant inhibition effects against some thermophilic organisms grown and incubated at 55 o C


Wullur. M .2008. Influence Supply Chain Management Practices And E-Business Technologies To Operational Performance (Study At Manufacturing Business Is Having Certificate ISO 9000 In Indonesia). J. FORMAS 2 (1): 1-10
This research develops and test are consistencies of the relation between supply chain management practice, e-business technologies and operational performance. The data for this research is obtained from 67 companies. The relations proposed in the framework of this research a shows the impact of supply chain management practices and e-business technologies in simultaneous have an effect on improvement of operational performance. E-business technologies in partially not have an effect on improvement of operational performance lastly, it is found that supply chain management practice is the variable with the most dominant impact on competitiveness.


Summary Theories on organizational structure and the value of information informed observations of patterns of information use by workers in a human service organization. Differences were found in the type and frequency of information used by workers at three different levels-executive, manager and direct service. Findings suggest a gap in the education and training of human service practitioners; suggest effectiveness and efficiency improvements through an organization based design of information systems, To facilitate this, schools of social work must teach the decision-making purposes and processes at each level of the organization. Schools also must expose students to the technologies available to support practice decisions.


Over the past few years, Cold Crucible Induction Melter (CCIM) demonstrations have been completed using SRS sludge batches 2, 3 and 4 (SB2, SB3 and SB4) simulant compositions. These campaigns demonstrated the ability of the CCIM to effectively produce quality glasses at high waste loadings. The current Advanced Remediation Technology (ART) Phase II-A Project is aimed at demonstrating the CCIM technology under representative DWPF flowsheet conditions and to demonstrate extended operations of the melter. A glass composition development effort was completed to identify and recommend a frit composition and sludge batch 4 (SB4) simulant waste loading target for subsequent ART – Phase II-A CCIM demonstration testing. Based on the results of the glass formulation testing, it was recommended that the Frit 503-R6 composition (B2O3 = 14 wt %; Li2O = 9 wt %; Na2O = 3 wt %; and SiO2 = 74 wt %) be utilized for the demonstration. Furthermore, a waste loading of 46 wt % was recommended. The recommended frit and waste loading would produce a glass with acceptable durability with a liquidus temperature adequately below the 1250° C nominal CCIM operating temperature. This frit composition and waste loading was found to result in a glass that met CCIM processing requirements for viscosity, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. The recommended frit and waste loading level should also provide a buffer for sludge product compositional variation to support the Phase II-A CCIM


In this paper we presented the modeling, design and fabrication of a millimeter wave (MMW) photonic modulator operating at 94 GHz. Our approach combines high quality factor (Q) photonic cavities with the nonlinear property of an electro-optic material that interacts with the applied millimeter wave to achieve optical modulation. The high Q values and strong field densities associated with whispering gallery modes in microdisk resonators result in the enhancement of the nonlinear interaction of optical fields with a material that exhibits coherent attributes, even with weak millimeter waves. To achieve efficient modulation, careful designs are implemented and initial experimental results are presented.


Effluent characteristics of 18 ponds, all of which were designed to New Zealand national specifications, are summarised in relation to influent loading as a % of design and calculated retention time. Five ponds were 1 stage and 13 were 2 stage design. Influent loadings ranged from 20 to 318% of design load, with a median pond loading of 71%. The calculated retention time ranged from 21 days to 228 days, with a meidian value of 63 days. Measurements made monthly over at least 1 year were summarised for: dissolved oxygen (DO), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), ammonia (NH4-N) and faecal coliforms. For these effluent constituents there was no apparent relationship with % of design loading. Retention time showed no relationship with either median BOD or SS. However, median NH4-N decreased and DO increased with increasing retention time. Faecal coliform concentrations showed minimal differences between all ponds. Examination of pond data based on 3 categories of retention time of ( 1(X) days) having comparable loading rates to their primary ponds, showed that, contrary to expectations, there was no trend towards lower median concentrations of these constituents with increasing residence time with the exception of NH4-N. The likely reasons for the poor relationships are discussed.


We have used the Wigner distribution function (WDF) to illustrate the effects of the FRFT/LCT, fractional/canonical convolution, correlation, and use them to illustrate the effects of the fractional/ canonical operations. We can find that WDF has a good resolution and STFT does not have the cross-terms problem. And it is easily to see that S-method have the advantage of both STFT and WDF. If we want to have a good performance of the S-method, finding the angle α where the width of the signal is extreme in the fractional FT domain is very importan. And the application of the Smetod in this particular domain will be the most efficient one. Then, we keep eyes on the application of filter design. There are two different way to design the filter, and we will discuss which one is better.


Control method can improve the comprehensive performance of wind turbines by ways of improving the capture rate of wind and reducing dynamic load. The control method of collective pitch was used to adjust rotor speed and improve damping in the drive chain mode above the rated speed. On the basis of modern control theory,wind turbines were proceed with linearization calculation,the condition assessment method was used,as well as linear optimal control and DAC control to reduce the measurement of the object,adjust feedback gain and clear the wind disturbance. Based on FAST structure dynamics software and MATLAB / Simulink software for the wind turbines,the modern control simulation model was established. The result compared with PI control method reflects the superiority of modern control algorithm.


Abstract Background Inappropriate triage of critically ill pediatric patients can lead to poor outcomes and suboptimal resource utilization. This study aimed to determine and describe the demographic characteristics, diagnostic categories, and timing of unplanned upgrades to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) that required short (< 24 hours of care) and extended (≥ 24 hours of care) stays. In this article, we hypothesized that we will identify demographic characteristics, diagnostic categories, and frequent upgrade timing periods in both of these groups that may justify more optimal triage strategies. Methods This was a single-institution retrospective study of unplanned PICU upgrades between 2012 and 2018. The cohort was divided into two groups (short and extended PICU stay). We reviewed the electronic health record and evaluated for: demographics, mortality scores, upgrade timing (7a-3p, 3p-11p, 11p-7a), lead-in time (time spent on clinical service before upgrade), patient origin, and diagnostic category. Results Four hundred and ninety-eight patients' unplanned PICU upgrades were included. One hundred and nine patients (21.9%) required a short and 389 (78.1%) required an extended PICU stay. Lead-in time (mean, standard deviation) was significantly lower in the short group (0.65 ± 0.66 vs. 0.91 ± 0.82) (p = 0.0006). A higher proportion of short group patients (59, 46.1%) were upgraded during the 3p-11p shift (p = 0.0077). Conclusion We found that approximately one-fifth of PICU upgrades required less than 24 hours of critical care services, were more likely to be transferred between 3p-11p, and had lower lead-in times. In institutions where ill pediatric patients can be admitted to either a PICU or a monitored step-down unit, this study highlights quality improvement opportunities, particularly in recognizing which pediatric patients truly need critical care.


Visual integration of spatially separated stimuli was studied in a modified Müller-Lyer illusional pattern by varying the distance between the shaft and the contextual lines. Using the method of constant stimuli, the data from 265 participants indicated a significant inverted-U trend which is contrary to previously reported findings.


Nanoforest carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by biased thermal chemical vapor deposition on cobalt-containing amorphous carbon composite films. The composite films were deposited on silicon by filtered cathodic vacuum arc using a Co-containing graphite target and then CNTs were grown at 580°C using the composite film as a catalyst layer. The nanoforest multiwalled CNTs have thin diameters between 10 and 20nm. Their tips point upwards while the rest is densely tangled. They exhibit good field emission properties with a low threshold field of 1.6V∕μm and a high current density of 2.1mA∕cm2 at 3V∕μm.


Many schools have a system of learning through research as an important part of newly opened courses.However,when carrying out such system,we should pay attention to the following questions:teachers' cooperative ability and learning through research,regular teaching,extra-curricular activities,selective courses,special subject contests,regular management ,subject selecting,and form of organization.


We present a combined computational/experimental study of fluorescent Au nanocluster complexes synthesized using small biological molecules. Using density-functional theory, we calculated the binding energy, HOMO–LUMO gap, charge transfer, and bond length of the ligand–Au nanocluster systems. These calculations suggest the formation of ligand–Au nanocluster complexes. We further simulated the HOMO/LUMO states and the absorption spectra of the complexes. The HOMO and LUMO states of the complexes were confined within the Au nanoclusters, suggesting little ligand intrinsic fluorescence. The simulated absorption spectra agreed reasonably well with the experimental data. The simulation results of different systems demonstrate the strong ligand effects on the fluorescent emissions of ligand–Au nanocluster complexes. Our studies provide valuable information for the rational design of next-generation fluorescent tags.


This article presents a comprehensive study of various modeling techniques for noncontinuum gas-phase heat conduction encountered in micro/nano devices over a broad range of Knudsen number. A new slip model is proposed for slip flows and an analytical approach is developed for collisionless steady-state heat conduction inside a fully diffuse enclosure. Excellent agreements with direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations have been achieved for both of them. For problems in the transition regime and/or with partially thermal accommodated walls, the DSMC method is employed. Some noncontinuum phenomena such as the steady gas flows induced by the nonuniform temperature field are observed.


The aim of this contribution is to describe a femur (MCRS 199) assigned to Nothrotheriops sp. from the Late Pleistocene of Santa Fe Province (Argentina), and discuss the implications of this find in the context of the dispersal of ground sloths during the Great American Biotic Interchange. The specimen MCRS 199 is smaller than the femora referred to the North American species Nothrotheriops texanus and Nothrotheriops shastensis but shares several features with these species: (i) shape and position of the greater trochanter, (ii) development of the lesser trochanter, (iii) presence of connection between the third trochanter and the ectepicondyle, (iv) distal third of the femur wider, with ML/DW index of 1.93, and (v) location and relationship of the distal condyles. These similarities allow us to assign MCRS 199 to Nothrotheriops sp. The record of Nothrotheriops sp. from Santa Fe Province chronologically coincides with the earliest records of Nothrotheriops shastensis suggesting a broad geographical distribution of Nothrotheriops during the Late Pleistocene, ranging from 33–36°N (e.g. states of California and Arizona, USA) to 31°S (northern Salado River, Santa Fe Province, Argentina). Thus, Nothrotheriops have dispersed from North America (where Nothrotheriops has early records, Calabrian–Middle Pleistocene) to South America where localities bearing Nothrotheriops are Late Pleistocene in age. In addition, once in South America and probably during the Middle Pleistocene, Nothrotheriops probably gave rise to its sister taxon, Nothrotherium, with records from the Middle Pleistocene (e.g. 223 ka BP, northeastern Brazil) to the Late Pleistocene (e.g. 15 ka BP).


Cryogenic treatment of steels has been widely used for enhancing mechanical properties like hardness, toughness and stable metallurgical structure. Application such as gears, kicker rods, bolts are made of medium carbon alloy steels like EN-24 steel. In these applications, percentage of retained austenite has considerable effects on the life of the material. A comparative study on conventionally heat-treated (CHT) and shallow cryogenic treated (SCT) EN-24 steel was done to evaluate the effect of shallow cryogenic treatment (SCT) on hardness, toughness and the amount of retained austenite present in the structure of EN24 steel. The microscopic structure of cryogenic treated EN24 steel revealed the formation of carbides, both primary and secondary carbides. An estimated amount of 15% retained austenite after CHT tempered condition was less than 2% after SCT tempered condition. Tensile test fractography of subzero treated (SCT) specimen revealed ductile fracture. The maximum hardness observed in case of SCT tempered samples was 415BHN, 15% increase from CHT tempered samples. The maximum impact strength observed in case of SCT tempered samples was 240kJ/m2, 11% increase from CHT tempered samples. Further SCT tempered samples, tempered at 650°C resulted in ductility increase by 55% as compared to CHT tempered samples without sacrificing hardness. Index Terms: EN24 Steel, hardness, shallow cryogenic treatment, retained austenite, tensile test fractography.


Architectural design teaching using computers has been a preoccupation of CECA since 1991. All design tutors provide their students with a set of models and ways to form, and we have explored a set of approaches including cellular automata, genetic programming , agent based modelling and shape grammars as additional tools with which to explore architectural (and architectonic) ideas.
This paper discusses the use of genetic programming (G.P.) for applications in the field of spatial composition. CECA has been developing the use of Genetic Programming for some time (see references) and has covered the evolution of L-Systems production rules , and the evolution of generative grammars of form . The G.P. was used to generate three-dimensional spatial forms from a set of geometrical structures. The approach uses genetic programming with a Genetic Library (G.Lib). G.P. provides a way to genetically breed a computer program to solve a problem. G.Lib. enables genetic programming to define potentially useful subroutines dynamically during a run .
In this paper we will report on new work using a range of different morphologies (boolean operations, surface operations and grammars of style) and describe the use of objective functions (natural selection) and the "eyeball test" (artificial selection) as ways of controlling and exploring the design spaces thus far defined.


Objective:To explore the mechanism of Jianshen Tablet in treating IgA nephropathy(IgAN).Methods:Rat IgAN model was established by oral feeding of bovine serum albumin and by SEB injection. Rats were treated with either Jianshen Tablet or CTW. Expression of TGF-β 1 protein and mRNA were measured.Results:Jianshen Tablet significantly inhibited the excretion of TGF-β 1 and expression of TGF-β 1 mRNA in the kidney of rats with IgAN.Conclusion:The therapeutic effect of Jianshen Tablet for IgAN may be associated with inhibition of the excretion of TGF-β 1 and expression of TGF-β 1 mRNA.


Different methods were used to establish cell in situ animal models. The biological characteristics of cell in situ animal models established by different methods were compared and studied. Effective and stable methods of cell in situ animal models were screened, and the effects of different methods on establishing cell in situ animal models were discussed. Therefore, based on the three models of biomics technology, the comparative study of animal cell growth simulation was carried out. The Monod equation, the Logistic equation and a simple structural model were used to simulate the growth of batch cultured animal cells. The results show that neither the Monod equation nor the Logistic equation fits well the growth of cells in the lag phase, and the structural model can describe the growth process of cells from the delayed phase to the stationary phase.


The teachers engaged in teaching at the secondary level play a very important role in the entire education process. Teachers deeply committed to their profession and content with their work tend to play a more constructive role in the lives of the Bfhetudents. present study was aimed at investigating the professional commitment and job satisfaction of secondary school teachers and the relationship between them. The study was conducted on 98 secondary school teachers from Bareilly district. The Professional Commitment Scale for Teachers (PCST) developed by Ravinder Kaur, Sarbjit Kaur Ranu and Sarvjeet Kaur Brar and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ) developed by Dr. Pramod Kumar and D. N. Mutha were employed to collect data for the present investigation. Statistical measures of mean, S.D., t-test and Pearson's product moment correlation were employed to analyze the raw scores so obtained and draw inferences. The findings of the present investigation reveal that while gender and length of teachingcexperien influenced the professional commitment of secondary school teachers, the type of school did not have any significant effect. Also gender, type of school and length of teaching experience were found to be significant factors which influence the job reatfsfactio the secondary school teachers. The professional commitment and job satisfaction of the secondary school teachers was also found to be having a strong positive correlation.


BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the intestine that can lead to necrosis and bowel perforation. It is a severe complication of preterm birth with a prevalence of 7% in infants with a birth weight less than 1500 grams. It's mortality rate is up to 30% and survival after necrotizing enterocolitis leads to long-term gastrointestinal and neurocognitive consequences. The current treatment is supportive and includes bowel rest and decompression and antibiotics. Thus, new treatments are necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity. Mesenchymal stromal cells are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and might be a promising option for treatment. Here we present a protocol for a systematic review with the aim to explore the efficacy of cell therapies with mesenchymal stromal cells in animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis. The primary outcome is histological signs of necrotizing enterocolitis. Additional outcomes include survival, bowel perforation, gut permeability, gut motility, levels of inflammatory markers, cytokine levels and adverse events.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The retrieved records will be screened individually by two investigators. We will include all preclinical in vivo animal models of experimentally induced NEC that evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells or other cell therapy treatments. Outcome data will be extracted from each article and risk of bias assessment performed. Funnel plots and SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies will be used. Data will be reported as ratios, divided in predefined subgroups where relevant. DiscussionThis systematic review aims to examine the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical models of necrotizing enterocolitis and whether there is sufficient evidence to support a clinical trial of efficacy and safety of the treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.Systematic review registrationThis protocol has been registered on Open Science framework: osf.io/5rc6t


I n d I a n J o u r n a l o f P a t h o l o g y a n d M I c r o b I o l o g y 5 9 ( 3 ) , J u l y S e P t e M b e r 2 0 1 6 431 assessment. However, as highlighted by Ananthakrishnan in 1993, two decades down the line, still scenario remains same, and it may be difficult to consider for summative assessment of universities. However, keeping this in mind the tremendous advantages of OSPE at least it should be considered for formative assessment if not for summative assessment.[5]


Increasingly the problems of recognising faces under a variety of viewing conditions, including depth rotations, is being considered in the field. The concept of norm-based coding in face recognition is not new but has been little investigated in machine models. Here we describe a norm-based face recognition system which is capable of generalising from a single training view to recognise novel views of target faces. The system is based upon the characteristic nature faces as they move through a pose-varying eigenspace of facial images and deviations from the norm of a gallery of face images. We illustrate the use of the technique for a large range of pose variation.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the steady-state and transient behavior of the electrical and thermal parameters of thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The focus is on the required wait-time between measurements in order to reduce measurement errors which may appear until the system reaches steady-state. By knowing this waiting time, the total characterization time can also be reduced. The experimental characterization process is performed on a test rig known as TEGeta, which can be used to assess the output characteristics of TEG modules under different load values and temperature conditions. The setup offers the possibility to control the hot side temperature up to 1000 °C with a load variation range value between 0.22–8.13 Ω. A total of ten thermocouples are placed in the setup with the purpose of measuring the temperature in specific points between the heater and the heat sink. Based on the readings, the temperature on the hot and cold side of the modules can be extrapolated. This study provides quantitative data on the minimum waiting time of the temperatures in the surrounding system to reach equilibrium. Laboratory tests are performed on a calcium-manganese oxide module at temperatures between 400 and 800 °C to explore the high temperatures features of the setup.


In the title compound, C14H11FO3S, the unit comprising the ethanone and 4-fluorophenyl groups is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0084 (2) Å for the ten non-H atoms, and it makes a dihedral angle of 37.31 (10)° with the phenyl ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into inversion dimers with R 2 2(16) graph-set motifs. The dimers are stacked along the b axis through further C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


Jay Hughes's first book on family wealth is a classic. Personnes de confiance, family advisors, family members, and family office executives would be well advised to take the journey with Jay as he explores the preservation of a family's wealth—the human, intellectual, and financial capitals. It is indeed a valuable source of information, thought, and philosophy on the pelerinage that is family legacy and stewardship through the generations. From the beginning, we learn that long-term wealth preservation should not be taken for granted, that it is hard work, and that the challenge to family fortunes is how to avoid the proverb "shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves in three generations." All too often families have failed to understand and appreciate their family wealth—they have focused on the financial and neglected the human and intellectual. They have also not understood that wealth preservation is not a static concept but rather a dynamic one. The wealth needs to increase for a family to preserve it; there needs to be a proper focus on the next generation. How to achieve this? By thinking long-term, over generations, and engaging in an evolutionary process. These are qualitative not quantitative issues, and four questions related to this are key:


This paper discusses 5G IOT, Augmented Reality, Cloud Computing, Big Data, Future Autonomous Driving Vehicle technology, and presents 5G utilization of Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games and Jeju Smart City model. The reason is that 5G is the main artery of the 4th industry.5G is the fourth industrial aorta because 5G is the core infrastructure of the fourth industrial revolution. In order for the AI, autonomous vehicle, VR / AR, and Internet (IoT) era to take off, data must be transmitted several times faster and more securely than before. For example, if you send a stop signal to LTE, which is a communication technology, to a remote autonomous vehicle, it takes a hundredth of a second. It seems to be fairly fast, but if you run at 100km / h, you can not guarantee safety because the car moves 30cm until it stops. 5G is more than 20 gigabits per second (Gbps), about 40 times faster than current LTE. Theoretically, the vehicle can be set up within 1 cm. 5G not only connects 1 million Internet (IoT) devices within a radius of 1 kilometer, but also has a speed delay of less than 0.001 sec. Steve Mollenkov, chief executive officer of Qualcomm, the world's largest maker of smartphones, said, "5G is a key element and innovative technology that will connect the future." With 5G commercialization, there will be an economic effect of 12 trillion dollars in 2035 and 22 million new jobs We can expect to see the effect of creation.


United States Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Chief Scientist: Jeff List. Data (GPS) of field activity 04055 (S-5-04-NR) in North Carolina Outer Banks from 12/07/2004 to 12/09/2004, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s504nr/html/s-5-04-nr.meta.html.


The multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) has been applied to various real-world problems in a variety of fields, most prominently in control systems engineering, with considerable success. However, a recent empirical analysis of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA's) has suggested that a MOGA-based algorithm performed poorly across a diverse set of two-objective test problems. In this report, it is shown that a conventional MOGA with standard settings can provide improved performance, but this still compares unfavourably to the best-performing contemporary MOEA, the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA). The importance of the MOEA, as a framework is stressed and consequently, a real-coded MOGA for real-parameter multi-criterion problems is developed using modern gudelines for the design of evolutionary algorithms. This MOGA is shown to outperform the "best" MOEA, rather that a considered implementation of the methodology is required in order to reap full rewards. This study also questions the effectiveness of the traditional fitness sharing method of niching, with respect to the current set of multiobjective benchmark problems.


Presents a study of the quantization effects in the finite precision LMS algorithm with power-of-two step sizes. Deterministic nonlinear recursions are presented for the mean and second-moment matrix of the weight vector about the Wiener weight for white Gaussian data models and small algorithm step size /spl mu/. The numerical solutions of these recursions are shown to agree very closely with the Monte Carlo simulations during all phases of the adaptation process. Design examples demonstrate the selection of the number of quantizer bits and the adaptation step size /spl mu/ to yield a desired transient behavior and cancellation performance. The results obtained indicate that previous models are too conservative in predicting the converged MSE for a given number of bits.


A two-year field experiment was conducted to address the effects of mixture composition and legume-grass seeding ratio on the biomass yield and nutritional quality of legume–grass mixtures. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were selected as plant materials. A total of seven legume–grass mixtures (A1: white clover, orchardgrass, and tall fescue; A2: alfalfa, orchardgrass, and tall fescue; B1: alfalfa, white clover, orchardgrass, and tall fescue; B2: red clover, white clover, orchardgrass, and tall fescue; C1: alfalfa, white clover, orchardgrass, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass; C2: red clover, white clover, orchardgrass, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass; and D: alfalfa, red clover, white clover, orchardgrass, tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass) were sown in two legume-grass seeding ratios (L:G) of 4:6 and 5:5. The results showed that A2 produced a higher two-year average biomass yield (14.20 t/ha) in L:G of 4:6 than that of other mixtures. The grasses biomass yield proportion decreased while legume biomass yield proportion increased with prolonged establishment time. A2 showed a higher crude protein yield (2.5 t/ha) in L:G of 4:6. C2 and A1 showed lower neutral detergent fiber (4.6 t/ha) and acid detergent fiber (2.8 t/ha) yields in L:G 5:5, while diverse mixtures showed higher water-soluble carbohydrate yields. Overall, A2 showed a relative feed value of 146.50 in L:G of 4:6, indicating that it has not only produced the higher biomass yield but also had a better nutritional quality.


719 Abstract: In the era of the participation culture "viewer-inclusive" methods of communication in the museum have become in demand almost everywhere. The authors pose a question to the master of such a communication practices role. Analyzing participatory practices in terms of the achieved results, the authors appeal to the experience of art mediation (D. Malikova, E. Kochukhov, M. Lind, C. Mörsh), the VTC method (A. Housen, P. Yenawine) and its version adapted for Russian students — facilitated discussion (N. V. Ievleva, M. V. Pota-pova). The master of participatory practices acts as a part of an art environment. The master determines the perception and description norms for an art object, even if the traditional position of the teacher and expert is deliberately reject-ed. The development of creative thinking is the result of both methods. But if facilitated discussion primarily develops aesthetic literacy, then art mediation expands the museum communicative environment, attracting visitors from different demographic and psychographic groups and numerous communities. to the communicative one. Analyzing the specifics of participatory museum practices, we rely on the one hand on philosophical studies of the aesthetic perception, on the other on the experience of applying new methods and their understanding in the framework of Abstract . In the framework of the project "Scaling social memory of generations in 'historically' and 'newly' industrialized cities" we have studied various organizations associated with commemoration work. We have interviewed people and have had excursions in various museums: school museums, town museums, local history museums, and corporate museums. All in all, we have visited 11 corporate museums in several cities of Ural region. Certainly, now the best equipped museums are corporate museums of economically booming plants. They are supplied with state-of-the-art equipment that allows them to create fundamentally new expositions, change the traditional canon of the exhibition and storage of museum collections. Nevertheless, not all corporate museums follow this route, there are some which maintain traditional practices of housing exhibits. How do corporate museums of towns and cities of the Ural region work today? How would museum staff like to change their work with regard to use of multimedia technologies?


New Strategies for Accelerated Spatial Encoding with Quadratic Fields in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Jason Peter Stockmann 2012 Spatial encoding with nonlinear magnetic fields has recently drawn attention for its potential to achieve faster gradient field switching within safety limits, tailored resolution in regions of interest, and improved parallel imaging using encoding fields that complement the sensitivity profiles of RF receive arrays. Proposed methods can broadly be divided into those that employ phase encoding (PatLoc and COGNAC) and those that acquire nonlinear projections (O-Space, Null Space imaging, and 4D-RIO). Projection methods typically reconstruct images using iterative algorithms to backproject the data by exploiting the full encoding matrix. For this reason, they are more sensitive than phase encoding methods to systematic errors introduced by imperfect knowledge of the encoding trajectory. In the present work, voxel-wise phase evolution is mapped at each acquired point in an O-Space trajectory using a variant of chemical shift imaging, capturing all spin dynamics caused by encoding fields, eddy currents, and pulse timing. Phase map calibration is then applied to data acquired from a high-power, 12 cm, Z2 insert coil with a home-built 8-channel RF transmit-receive array on a 3T human scanner. We show the first experimental proof-of-concept O-Space images on in vivo and phantom samples, paving the way for more in-depth exploration of O-Space and other nonlinear projection imaging methods. We also use quadratic phase preparation with a Cartesian pulse sequence to image form a localized field-of-view within the sample. This extends a previously presented method ("GradLoc") by creating localization with a 3-D encoding field and also by combining it with parallel imaging for scan acceleration.


The wake response to three-dimensional forcing of flow over a circular cylinder was studied. Spanwise-segmented dielectric-barrier discharge plasma actuators were mounted on the cylinder in a square wave pattern for active forcing of the cylinder wake. The buried electrodes were placed periodically to create a spanwise-modulated blowing profile, with the aim of targeting three-dimensional instabilities in the wake. Considerable spanwise variation in the wake was achieved, which was a direct consequence of the difference in the location of shed spanwise vortices from the cylinder, along with the generation of streamwise vorticity. Two distinct power levels were used for forcing the flow, with different flow response observed between the two conditions. With low power, the segmented forcing caused the large-scale spanwise structures in the forcing region to lead those in the no-forcing region, with an accompanying shift away from the centerline and generation of streamwise vorticity. While vortex shedding was not substantially attenuated with low-power forcing, the shedding in the near wake was significantly attenuated with high-power forcing. This attenuation in the shedding strength was accompanied by a decrease in the peak shedding frequency, indicating an increase in the formation length. High-power forcing caused elongation of the Karman vortices due to the induced strain field and strong differential development of the wake shedding frequency. In both forcing regimes, the wake three-dimensionality increased as shown by the increased width of the spectral peaks.


This paper examines the widespread belief that anonymous sadists give children dangerous treats on Halloween. A review of news stories about Halloween sadism from 1958 to 1983 suggests that the threat has been greatly exaggerated. Halloween sadism can be viewed as an urban legend, which emerged during the early 1970s to give expression to growing fears about the safety of children, the danger of crime, and other sources of social strain. Urban legends, like collective behavior and social problems construction, are responses to social strain, shaped by the perception of the threat and social organization.


Much of the confusion of tongues in respect to racial differences in intelligence undoubtedly stems from differences in meaning of the terms intelligence and race. In an ethnological sense a racial characteristic is one that is transmissible by descent and is thus independent of the cultural environment in which individuals are reared. It may very well happen, and does, that some characteristics of races are not racial, at least when racial is used in an ethnological sense. Thus the assertion that one characteristic of the American Negro is low test intelligence need not imply that this characteristic of a race is truly a racial characteristic. It may be a cultural one; which would mean, if true, that when put on a par in opportunity with white Americans the Negroes would also be on a par with them in test intelligence. Investigations show favorable comparisons between white and Negro children when they are thus matched economically and educationally-which may be due to selective factors. The fact remains that Negroes as a whole are by no means on a par with white children in these respects and that as a whole they are not on a par with them in test intelligence. Performance on intelligence tests is not the only respect in which Negro children display less intelligence than white children. For example, they learn less readily, a fact that is itself predictable from their inferior test intelligence. These are simple statements of fact. It would be a mistake, however, to conclude that these differences are racial simply because they are characteristics of a race.


ABSTRACT A novel extracellular mycobacterial enzyme was identified in the ruminant pathogen Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The enzyme was capable of mobilizing iron from different sources such as ferric ammonium citrate, ferritin, and transferrin by reduction of the metal. The purified reductase had a calculatedMr of 17,000, was sensitive to proteinase K treatment, and had an isoelectric point of pH 9. Analysis of the amino acid composition revealed glycine, serine, asparagine (or aspartic acid), and glutamine (or glutamic acid) as the most frequently occurring residues. Enzymatic activity was highest at 37°C and between pH 5 and 10. The calculated Km andVmax for ferric ammonium citrate were 0.213 mM and 0.345 mM min−1 mg−1, respectively. Using a specific antireductase antibody in immunoelectron microscopy, we were able to detect the enzyme associated with intracellular mycobacteria in naturally M. paratuberculosis-infected bovine tissue. We propose that the reductase of M. paratuberculosisrepresents an alternative strategy of mycobacteria to mobilize ferric iron and discuss its potential role in bacterial evasion of intracellular defense mechanisms.


This paper presents a new scheme for enhancing the security of full disk encryption relying on the tweakable block cipher mode in order to improve the performance of its practical implementation. The aims of the proposed scheme are to defend against the watermarking attack in time sequence using the double-sequence-based tweak vector through sequential change detection on the disk read-and-write request and to construct the multi-user environment suitable for a shared key. This design of the scheme is based on re-keying principle and can avoid storing keys, which makes our scheme compatible with the security management system of the existing device. Analyses show that the scheme is provably secure and can prevent inner and outer attackers from attacking. To the best of our knowledge, the scheme offers the first neat solution to the watermarking attack in the same sector.


This study examined the long-term effects of low family income and stressful life events on math and reading achievement test percentile scores for 1,253 children. Four birth cohorts were followed for 2-4 years so that achievement across Grades 2 through 7 could be examined. Two types of analytic models, the multiplicative risk factor model and the cumulative risk model, were used. The moderating effects of ethnicity and gender were also explored. The results suggest that low income and minority ethnic status are significant risk factors for children's achievement. No systematic evidence was found for a large impact of life events on reading achievement, and the effects of such events on math achievement appear to be best understood as part of the larger context of multiple risk factors during childhood. The findings suggest a differential impact of risk factors on math achievement compared with reading achievement.


An investigation of in situ cobalt self-aligned silicide (salicide) formation has been carried out with emphasis on the effect of the deposition temperature and the role of nitrogen atoms in the sputtering ambient. The cobalt (Co) layer was deposited at between 300 and 500°C in a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen and argon; the nitrogen volume percent [N 2 volume percent (v/o)] was varied from 0 to 10%. The addition of nitrogen atoms to the sputtering ambient resulted in a polymorphic change of the Co layer which was deposited on the SiO 2 substrate; from α-Co to β-Co. At the same time, it limited the surface mobility of the sputtered atoms, resulting in a decrease of grain size. Specifically, during Co deposition on a Si substrate at temperatures as high as 500°C, in situ cobalt silicide (CoSi) was formed. In that process, nitrogen atoms limited the available Co atoms involved in the reaction with the Si substrate, yielding the bilayer formation of β-Co/CoSi. As the N 2 v/o increased, the thickness of the overlying β-Co increased and that of the underlying CoSi decreased with improvement in the uniformity of the silicide film. It shows good selectivity with no overgrowth on the sidewall oxide, but also extremely uniform salicide on both the silicon and the polysilicon substrate. As a result, satisfactory electrical characteristics were obtained because of thin and uniform CoSi 2 salicide.


centred culture we perhaps ignore the function of speech in its presentation to the child of the prohibi tions and formalized injunctions which were more apparent in the family and educational life some 50 years ago. There is a purpose in postulating that all mentally retarded children have experienced some brain injury or disease. If one believes that all men are born equal and that it is only environmental differ ence associated with social class which gives rise to differences in adult performance, one must find an explanation when children are found to be unequal in an environment that has been specially created to provide equality. One must assume that some fortuitous incident or illness is responsible for failure to profit by the equal education. Irrespective of Luria's theoretical basis, it is evident that he has become a protagonist for the provision for the special individual needs of mentally retarded children in his own country, and his work will be a source of progress there. On our part, we have no room to be complacent with regard to the position of our theoretical or practical achievements, but our progress is likely to be on different lines. J. H. K@&m@.


Endometriosis is a common female health disorder that occurs when cells of the lining of the uterus grow in other areas of the body. This may lead to pelvic pain, irregular bleeding, migraines and infertility. Due to the complexity of this condition, many women suffer delayed diagnosis if even diagnosed at all. While cause and cure are not fully understood, there are many ways to help improve the quality of life for women with Endometriosis.


Three allylbenzenes from Asiasarum heterotropoides, methyleugenol (1), elemicin (2) and γ-asaron (3) showed suppressive effects on umu gene expression of the SOS response in the Salmonella typhimurium OY1001/1A2 umu test against the mutagen 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoline (MeIQ). Gene expression was suppressed 70.0, 75.9 and 81.7% at a concentration of 0.4 mM, respectively. The ID50 values (50% inhibition dose) of these compounds were 0.125, 0.098 and 0.059 mM, respectively. On the other hand, compounds 1–3 showed weak suppressive effects of the SOS-inducing activity on activated MeIQ.


Solar scans, passband limited to effective wavelengths 350 and 450 μ, have been obtained with angular resolution of about 1'. The observations show little evidence of the limb brightening that would be expected from spherically symmetric homogeneous atmospheric models and the observed increase in brightness temperature in the regions above the solar atmosphere temperature minimum. The observations suggest that the complex structure that is observed at higher levels in the solar atmosphere extends down to the level of the temperature minimum.


Cephalopods are considered to be an important seafood,which are well known for the wide varieties,widespreading distribution,abundant resources and amounts of fishing.Cephalopods are often processed to be dried and frozen goods,and 30% of the Cephalopods are left as by-products like dirt,bones,skin and ink.Polysaccharides are the interesting bioactive components of their tissues.The exploitation and research on Cephalopod polysaccharides can make comprehensive and full utilization of marine resource,make waste profitable and has a good prospect of development.This review summarized the structures,bioactivities and application of Cephalopod polysaccharides.


Abstract: Rice straw is an agricultural waste that is usually utilized by direct burning or landfilled which pollutes the environment. Crushing and blending into coal water slurry can effectively utilize the calorific value of rice straw and protect the environment. Due to its characteristics of strong water absorption, poor grindability, and many pores, it is not conducive for the preparation of good slurry. This paper uses temperature modification to evaluate the slurry performance of the biomass coal water slurry prepared by mixing rice straw and coal powder. The research, comparative analysis of the difference in the pulping performance of the slurry prepared by mixing rice straw before and after the modification, and the effect of the modification temperature and the modification time on the pulping performance of the slurry are summarized. The experimental results show that: the rheological index (n) of the slurry made from unmodified rice straw is the smallest, and the smallest n=0.21. Modification at different temperatures increases the rheological index of the slurry. Modification at 105℃and 200℃did not improve the slurry formation performance. Modification at 250℃and 350℃both increased the slurry concentration of 3g and 5g rice mixture by 3% and 2%, respectively. Moreover, the fluidity of the slurry was B, and the results of rod drop experiment showed that the water separation rate was small and the slurry was soft precipitation. Therefore, the modification effect at 250℃and 350℃is better. Keywords: biomass, coal water slurry, temperature modification, slurry performance


We describe the design and performance of a 10 GHz harmonic-content frequency-domain fluorometer. The modulated excitation is provided by the harmonic content of a train of ps pulses. High speed and/or high frequency detection was attained with a triode-type MCP PMT from Hamamatsu, R-2566-6, with 6 micron channels. To minimize the cost of the electronic components, and to minimize the noise due to these components, the detection circuits consist of two ranges, 10 MHz to 2 CHz and 2-10 GHz. The upper frequency limit of 10 GHz is determined by the current MCP PMT, so the usual configuration includes a low noise 2-10 GHz amplifier. This amplifier is easily replaced with a 2-18 GHz amplifier which allows operation to 18 GHz and the use of faster PMTs, should they become available in the future. Measurement of known optical delays demonstrates the accuracy of the instrument. For instance, a 1.69 ps optical delay was measured as 1.7 0.4 ps from 0.5 - 10 GHz, and 1.7 0.2 ps from 2- 8 GHz, where the uncertainty indicates the maximum deviation from the expected value. The data were shown to be free of systematic errors by measurements on fluorophores with single exponential decays.


With the advantage of precise quantification,ultrasonic time-of-flight-diffraction (TOFD) technique has been widely using in weld detection and defect quantification of middle thick plate.The signals detected by using TOFD technique are relatively weak diffraction wave signals with poor directivity,and the structure noise generated by the detected material will also reduce the signal-to-noise ratio and therefore affect the detection sensitivity of TDFD technique..The split-spectrum technique is used for processing the ultrasonic TOFD detecting signal in this paper.Four restoration algorithms,i.e.the linear average,the maximal threshold,the maximal threshold+minimal value and the minimal value,are adopted for comparison.In the end the weighted algorithm of minimal number selected based on the minimal value algorithm is used to restore the signal.Compared with the traditional filtering method,the results show that this method can effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio of echo signal and reduce the defect quantitative error of TOFD detection.


The proposed "Jagiellonian compromise" for voting within the European Union Council of Ministers is questioned. An alternative approach based on linear weighting by country population is proposed.


Abstract The emergence of a more elusive and uncertain threat environment has transformed the nature of intelligence, increasing its reliance on civil society partners. Once the work of an insular and carefully select few, intelligence production is now a networked, partially open and extensively public–private enterprise. Most poignantly, new practices of public–private 'collection' face Western intelligence services with novel questions about control and accountability – questions to which the services have responded with hopes that by standardizing 'methodologies', central command may be retained. Suggesting a more complex picture, this article argues that 'managing uncertainty' imply forms of interpretation and choices which cannot be pre-empted by rule-regulation: more than Weber's ideal of the procedural and rule-bound, it may be his (once central, yet largely marginalized) emphasis on institutional and individual capacities for critical 'judgment' that is of relevance today.


Satellites provide a temporally discontinuous record of hydrological conditions along Earth's rivers (e.g., river width, height, water quality). The degree to which archived satellite data effectively capture the overall population of river flow frequency is unknown. Here, we use the entire archives of Landsat 5, 7, and 8 to determine when a cloud-free image is available over the United States Geological Survey (USGS) river gauges located on Landsat-observable rivers. We compare the flow frequency distribution derived from the daily gauge record to the flow frequency distribution derived from ideally sampling gauged discharge based on the timing of cloud-free Landsat overpasses. Examining the patterns of flow frequency across multiple gauges, we find that there is not a statistically significant difference between the flow frequency distribution associated with observations contained within the Landsat archive and the flow frequency distribution derived from the daily gauge data (α = 0.05), except for hydrological extremes like maximum and minimum flow. At individual gauges, we find that Landsat observations span a wide range of hydrological conditions (97% of total flow variability observed in 90% of the study gauges) but the degree to which the Landsat sample can represent flow frequency distribution varies from location to location and depends on sample size. The results of this study indicate that the Landsat archive is, on average, representative of the temporal frequencies of hydrological conditions present along Earth's large rivers with broad utility for hydrological, ecologic and biogeochemical evaluations of river systems.


Introduction of a 1, 2, 3-triazole ring into nucleosides to improve their bioactivity for antitumor or antiviral applications has become wide spread. The click chemistry reactions of nucleosides and nucleotides have found wide application in lead identification and lead optimization procedures in drug design. The 1, 2, 3- triazole unit may be considered as a surrogate of the amide group because it has H-bond acceptor capacity, distance between substituents and dipolar properties similar to the peptide bond. Keeping into consideration the biological potency of 1, 2, 3-triazolo-nucleosides [1, 2] and in our continuous endeavor toward the synthesis of pharmacologically active molecules, we designed the synthesized 1, 2, 3-triazole embedded N- heterocycles in order to evalute their cytostatic activities. The target regioselective 1, 4- disubstituted 1, 2, 3-triazole derivatives were prepared by the Cu-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC). Linear alkyl chain, substituted aromatic moiety and cyclopropyl ring were introduced as alkynyl substituents at C-5 and N-3 of pyrimidine core using palladium catalysed cross-coupling Sonogashira reaction. Evaluations of cytostatic activities of the synthesyzed compounds are currently underway.


Thirteen patients with complete atrioventricular block resulting from coronary disease were studied. In seven the diagnosis of coronary disease was established by the presence of typical history and electrocardiographic and enzymatic findings compatible with an acute infarction. Of the remaining six cases, three had a typical history of angina pectoris. In three cases there was no history of myocardial infarction or angina pectoris, and the diagnosis of coronary disease was suspected by the appearance of heart block above age 60 in the absence of any other possible etiologic factor that might be responsible for the establishment of the block. Exercise studies were performed in eight cases. Right heart catheterization was performed under local anesthesia prior to implantation of a permanent cardiac pacemaker. A no.-6 bipolar electrode catheter * 1 was introduced into the antecubital vein and advanced to the apex of the right ventricle. Another no.-7 Lehman catheter was introduced into the cephalic vein and advanced to the right atrium and right ventricle. Cardiac output was determined by the indicator-dilution technic with indocyanine t (Cardio-


A low-cost alginate-melamine hybrid sorbent (named as Alg-Mel) was designed and synthesized for the removal of Pb2+ from water. The as-prepared Alg-Mel sorbent exhibited high affinity and selectivity to Pb2+. The selectivity coefficients of the Alg-Mel for Pb2+/Cd2+, Pb2+/Cu2+, Pb2+/Cr3+ and Pb2+/Co2+ were all over 7. It is found that the hybrid sorbent could uptake 95.4% of Pb2+ from Pb2+-containing solutions (0.48 mM), and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb2+ reaches 1.39 mmol/g (287.7 mg/g), which is much higher than that of most reported lead ion-sorbents. Furthermore, the Alg-Mel can be regenerated by a simple acid-washing process and used repeatedly. The results of adsorption mechanism analysis reveal that the adsorption of Pb2+ by Alg-Mel is mainly ascribed to the chemical coordination and ion exchange effects.


Forward from the end of nineteenth century,the anticipation of "national doom and ethnicity annihilation" was people's worst anticipation on the future of nation,which triggered national emotions that inspired nationalism to play the parts of defending the nation and ethnicity.However,in a conflicting state of culture,the understandings of "nationality" and "ethnicity" differed.This situation not only prevented the transformation to a multi-uniform country,but also permitted eastern-migrating western ethical nationalism to develop influence dominance,and caused an identification crisis of China in early twentieth century.


Massive MIMO is most fundamental and the basis of 5G. Whole evolution from older generation to 5G in context of data speed, huge amount of data traffic handling capacity, decrease in response time, providing very large range of bandwidth, increase in coverage are, high energy efficiency and many others has been done due to this new technology called Massive MIMO. It is the basic building block for 5G, whole 5G is built upon Massive MIMO. Objectives: This paper presents the basic working of 5G networks in terms of Massive MIMO and tries to find answer of question like how it increases the capacity of data handling by a huge amount as much as 1000 times more, how it gives such high speeds, what are the concept behind this significant improvements, will there be significant increase in size of BS since massive number of antennas are used. There is also a comprehensive and statistical analysis has been done on Spectral Efficiency and Energy Efficiency giving solid evidence for the improvement in 5G networks. Analysis on various digital signal processing done in Massive MIMO and comparing various processing techniques in terms of complexity and performance. The sole purpose of this paper is to provide the basic understanding on how is 5G networks are actually working and the reason behind there improvements. Brief information is added about the projects running worldwide on Massive-MIMO and its application in future communication systems of next generation. Findings: It has been observed that to provide the performance to such high standards, massive amount of antennas are used at BS to execute a directed beams focused towards users. The size of BS remains same as it was in 4G. There is no significant increase in the size of BS it just that number of transceiver chains increases by the same amount as number of antennas per BS.


A model that predicts the probability of developing decompression sickness (DCS) with various denitrogenation schedules is being developed by the Armstrong Laboratory, using human data from previous exposures. It was noted that refinements are needed to improve the accuracy and scope of the model. A commercially developed ultrasonic echo imaging system is being used in this model development. Using this technique, bubbles images from a subject at altitude can be seen in the gall bladder, hepatic veins, vena cava, and chambers of the heart. As judged by their motion and appearance in the vena cava, venous bubbles near the heart range in size from 30 to 300 M. The larger bubbles skim along the top, whereas the smaller ones appear as faint images near the bottom of the vessel. Images from growing bubbles in a model altitude chamber indicate that they grow rapidly, going from 20 to 100 M in 3 sec near 30,000 ft altitude. Information such as this is valuable in verifying those aspects of the DCS model dealing with bubble size, their growth rate, and their site of origin.


In this study we explore the potential benefits of applying a cloud‐resolving ensemble prediction system (EPS; 2.2 km grid spacing) over its driving synoptic‐scale limited‐area EPS (COSMO‐LEPS, 10 km grid spacing, driven by the ECMWF EPS) for a case of heavy precipitation over the Alpine region. The selected event is the devastating August 2005 flood that affected the northern Alpine slopes. The cloud‐resolving EPS includes an explicit treatment of deep convection and dynamically downscales the COSMO‐LEPS information. Results are compared against rain‐gauge and radar data. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the results to initial versus lateral boundary uncertainties are analyzed using a series of additional simulations.


This study aims to analyze the learning implementation of Physical Education in public junior high schools in the city of Padang, Indonesia, paying particular attention to the learning activities of students and teachers, the models and approaches employed, and the degree of physical fitness of the students.. This research is survey research involving students (n=100) and Physical Education teachers (n=10) from 5 schools in the urban city, and 5 schools in the suburbs. Questionnaires and Indonesian physical fitness tests for the 13-15 year age group were used to collect the research data. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. The findings indicated that teachers' and students' movement-related learning activities in physical education were evaluated as low. Physical education teachers have used sports techniques with the command method rather than modifying sports games as a model for learning.. Only 20.00% of them are student-centered, with 80.00% of them being more teacher-centered. Then, with a classification of less and very less, it was discovered that students' levels of physical fitness were below average, or 53.00%... In conclusion, to achieve the objectives of physical education, physical education teachers should significantly prepare for learning as well as become proficient in a wide range of efficient learning techniques (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor). Future research is required to validate the findings of this study, including the conception of a sports game-modified learning model in physical education.


Abstract Oak (Quercus spp.) savannas are among the most imperiled ecosystems in the United States. Consequently, associated vegetation and avian communities are also in decline. Furthermore, restoration of savanna communities may be an important strategy for conserving avian species that require early successional habitat, a type underrepresented on regional landscapes. Therefore, we evaluated savanna restoration on twelve sites in the Mid-South USA. Specifically, we examined grass, forb, legume, and woody understory cover, regeneration and sapling density, and breeding bird use of the sites following mechanical overstory thinning and dormant-season fire using a hierarchical linear model. Total grass cover was negatively related to canopy cover (P < 0.01) and total forb cover was negatively related to total basal area (P  =  0.04). Oak regeneration density was positively related to canopy cover (P < 0.01), while oak competitor regeneration density was positively related to percent slope (P  =  0.01) and sapling density (P  =  0.01). Shrub/scrub birds were common within sites undergoing restoration. Only three obligate grassland bird species, eastern kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus), Bachman's sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) and dickcissel (Spiza americana), were detected on one site. Presence of indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) was positively related to groundlayer development. Canopy reduction and burns outside the dormant season may both be critical to restoration of savannas and associated avifauna in the region.


A two dimension particle flow code model was established for the fully mechanized longwall top coal caving mining in the gently inclined thick seam.According to the actual production conditions,16 orthogonal experiments ware designed.After the regressive analysis on the experimental data,the relationship between the top coal thickness,top coal falling angle,coal caving distance and the support tai beam swing angle to the top coal recovery ratio ware obtained.With the square differential analysis method,the paper had a study on the four factors obviously affected to the top coal recovery ratio.The results showed that the top coal falling angle could obviously influence the top coal recovery ratio,the top coal thickness and support tai beam swing angle could have a less obvious influence to the top coal recovery ratio and the coal caving distance could have a!small obvious influence to the top coal recovery ratio.


A traffic jam induced by slowing down is investigated using the optimal velocity model of the car following models. When cars are decelerated in the presence of hindrances, two kinds of traffic jam occur behind the hindrance: one is an oscillating jam and the other is a homogeneous jam. When the slowing down is small, the oscillating jam occurs. If the slowing down is large, the jam is homogeneous over space and time. The linear stability theory is applied to the traffic jam. The critical line and critical mode of the instability are found. It is shown that the boundary between the oscillating and homogeneous jams is consistent with the critical line of the linear stability. The periods of the oscillating jam are about two times and four times the critical mode estimated by the linear stability theory.


Abstract In recent years, a growing literature has claimed that there is a strong and consistent association between the presence of historic missionary societies outside Europe and positive long-term socio-economic outcomes. Yet, most of these studies fail to specify whether this finding is the result of missionary investment in human capital or of local actors stepping up their educational efforts in reaction to missionary activities. This article uses the example of Protestant missionary activity in Ottoman Turkey to separate these two mechanisms. The Ottoman state and the Armenian population responded to missionary incursions by modernizing and expanding their educational efforts. However, after the foundation of the Republic and of modern Turkey, most of the missionary schools were closed and the Armenian population was dramatically reduced. Using the blockage of direct effects, this study confirms the role that indirect effects or emulation has played in Ottoman Turkey. Results show that places with historically heightened competition between missionary schools and native educational institutions are more likely to have a higher income, as measured by night-time light density.


The paper deals with a version of the general non-permutation flow-shop scheduling problem in which the duration of each operation on certain machines is a linear function of the allotted part of a constrained resource (e.g. energy, fuel, catalyzer, oxygen, raw material, money) and the objective is to determine both a sequence of the operations on each machine and an allocation of resource to each operation in order to minimize the over-all completion time. The algorithm for solving this problem is based on the disjunctive graph theory and branch and bound technique. Due to the present elimination properties, the search tree is strongly restricted. It applies a special system of fixing precedence relations in each node of the search tree yielding strong lower and upper bounds. To quickly obtain a strong upper bound a special heuristic method is used (to calculate a good initial solution) and the descendants in the search tree are chosen in order of the non-decreasing lower bounds. Some computational resul...


We review recent progress in next‐to‐next‐to‐leading order (NNLO) perturbative QCD calculations with special emphasis on results ready for phenomenological applications. Important examples are new results on structure functions and jet or Higgs boson production. In addition, we describe new calculational techniques based on twistors and their potential for efficient calculations of multiparticle amplitudes.


Chemical investigation on the aerial part of Pluchea indica resulted in the isolation of two new thiophene derivatives, 2-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxybut-1-yn-1-yl)-5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)thiophene (1) and 2-(4-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-3-hydroxybut-1-yn-1-yl -5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)thiophene (2) along with three known thiophene derivatives 2-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-yn-1-yl)-5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)thiophene (3), 2-(3-acetoxy-4-hydroxybut-1-yn-1-yl)-5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl) thiophene (4) and 2-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)-5-(6-acetoxy-5-hydroxyhexa-1,3-diyn-1-yl) thiophene (5). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the bases of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR data. Antimicrobial activities of compounds 1-5 were tested.


The software garden is an important factor to guarantee the development of Dalian software industry. The situation of software garden in Dalian is analyzed, the problems about software garden are discussed, and the countermeasures about software garden are brought forward.


The coincidence of the 100 years since the October Revolution and the 150 years since the publication of the first volume of Capital, open up the question of the relation between the theoretical questions associated with the experience of the October revolution regarding revolutionary strategy and the questions related to value theory and in particular value-form theory. What we want to suggest is that value form theory presents also a way to think about questions of revolutionary strategy and socialist transition. This is based in our reading of value form theory which suggests that the emergence of a social form whose reproduction entails the reproduction of particular capitalist social relations and relations of production, was the result of an entire series of singular and molecular social practices, struggles and conflicts, economic but also political and ideological. In this sense, it is impossible to put an end to the value form 'by decree' and the 'plan' in a certain way reproduces elements of the value form, including fetishistic results. Instead, what is needed is an entire period of experimentation with new forms of organization of production and distribution, but also of new political forms and new forms of collective intellectuality in a constant struggle against the reproduction of capitalist social relations and forms, and in constant antagonistic contradictions with the capitalist mode of production. Only by this extensive and expansive form of social experimentation and transformation and struggle it is possible to see the emergence of radically novel social relations and configurations that would be in a position to be reproduced as social forms. We think that this was the insight behind Lenin's simultaneous turn toward NEP, as a coming in terms with the reality of the transition and the impossibility to abolish social relations by decree, and a project of extended social and cultural transformation exemplified in his call for a cultural revolution. We think that such an insight is even more pertinent today in any potential renewal of revolutionary strategy.


We show that x-ray diffraction imaging (topography) and finite-element modelling can determine accurately the probability of propagation of individual cracks in brittle single crystal materials. The x-ray image of the crack provides a critical parameter for crack propagation which informs a predictive model, enabling us to identify critical defects that lead to catastrophic shattering of silicon wafers during high temperature thermal processing. Wafers fracture on cooling and finite element modelling shows that, during cooling, the tangential stress at the wafer edge is tensile and results in crack propagation. The predicted fracture geometry agrees extremely well with that observed experimentally.


Which libraries do you use and how do your use them? Having lived rather isolated I have felt the need to build up my own library. In younger days I used the local public library quite a lot. Their collection of art books was rather meagre, but it was still a strong inspiration. They had got several current art magazines as well, both Norwegian and international. I still use' public libraries, especially their collection of fiction, poetry, philosophy, etc., which is quite good. They provide the information they have not got themselves through inter-library lending, and the services have been quite satisfactory. Apart from the library of the Statens Kunstakademi (National Academy of Fine Art) I have never used a 'professional' art library.