Free-living protozoa (FLP) are ubiquitous in natural ecosystems where they play an important role in the reduction of bacterial biomass and the regeneration of nutrients. However, it has been shown that some species such as Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and Tetrahymena pyriformis can act as hosts of pathogenic bacteria. There is a growing concern that FLP might contribute to the maintenance of bacterial pathogens in the environment. In addition to survival and/or replication of bacterial pathogens in FLP, resistance to antimicrobial agents and increased virulence of bacteria after passage through protozoa have been reported. This review presents an overview of FLP in food-associated environments and on foods, and discusses bacterial interactions with FLP, with focus on the foodborne pathogens Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. The consequences of these microbial interactions to food safety are evaluated.


In the post-epidemic era, more and more people are participating in physical exercise and increasing the frequency of outdoor activities. Outdoor folding chairs are favored by young consumers in outdoor activities because of their easy portability, space saving and flexible use scenarios. The purpose of this study is to dig deeper into the needs of target users for outdoor folding chairs, combine the product characteristics of outdoor folding chairs, and refine the design positioning to improve the user experience. First, the needs of the target users were obtained through desktop research, user journey maps, and user interviews, and the KJ method was used for hierarchical analysis. Then, the user needs were clustered according to the KANO model to discover the type and ranking of user needs. Finally, the KANO model and the QFD model are integrated for constructing the requirements and characteristics model, and the key design elements are derived from it for in-depth design. The proposed KANO-QFD feature combination design method enables designers to effectively grasp the real user requirements and grasp the key design elements to simplify the design process.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the limitations, opportunities and conditions for the development of e-learning in the inclusive education system in the universities.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper reviews the literature dedicated to e-learning, its application and adaptation in higher inclusive education. Systemic and social approaches were applied to the perception of higher inclusive education for the purposes of this study. The principles of evolutionary economics and institutional theory were used for determining the possibility of using e-learning in higher inclusive education. The findings are confirmed by an empirical study of the integration of e-learning into the higher inclusive education system by the example of Russia.

Findings
It has been shown that the development of e-learning in the national higher education system and its perception by the higher inclusive education system depends on the level of development of social and information interrelation in the society. In addition, e-learning can only be used in higher inclusive education when it is interrelated with traditional learning. The efficiency of e-learning in higher inclusive education depends on the systemic institutional environment which was formed both at the level of the state and at the level of a particular university. In this case, the institutional environment should be focused not only on the development of e-learning and inclusive education, but also on their collaboration.

Practical implications
The results of the study, which identified special aspects, opportunities and limitations of e-learning in higher inclusive education, can be applied to improve its effectiveness both at the level of individual universities and at the level of formation of national strategies for the development of higher education.

Originality/value
Given the growing relevance of higher inclusive education in the contemporary world and the limited number of studies of adaptation and the use of e-learning in it, the results obtained can contribute to the implementation of strategic planning of this direction at the national and local levels.


A new apparatus for the study of flow dichroism of macromolecules is described. The flow is down a long, narrow channel and an unpolarized light beam propagates along the flow direction. For a molecule such as DNA, in which the transition moments of the chromophores are perpendicular to the axis of orientation, an increase of absorbance is observed during flow. The apparatus is best suited for macromolecules which are readily orientable or at high shear gradients so that the extinction angle is close to 0°. The apparatus has the following advantages: dilute macromolecule solutions can be used; high shear gradients are easily obtained; only small volumes of solution are needed. The flow can be stopped rapidly so that relaxation times for disorientation can be studied. The flow dichorism of native, two‐stranded DNA has been measured for the molecular weight range of 0.6 × 106 to 125 × 106, and for the shear gradient range (in aqueous solution at 25°C) from 200 sec−1 to 21000 sec−1. At a fixed gradient the dichroism increases with molecular weight, but the curve is concave downwards. At a given molecular weight the dichroism increases with increasing shear gradient, but the curve is concave downwards. When the solvent viscosity and temperature are varied, the dichroism is a function of η〈G〉/T showing that the orientation is due to hydro‐dynamic shear stress and that the flexibility of DNA in a flow field is not due to local denaturation. The Zimm‐Rouse theory with no parameters taken from flow optical data predicts the correct order of magnitude of the dichroism but the experimentally observed shear gradient and molecular weight dependence do not fit the theory. This is an expected result, since the theory is believed to be applicable only at small distortions and extensions of the macromolecule.


Disclosed are a shadow advertisement system and a shadow advertisement method which are controlled in linkage with a smartphone. The system comprises: a power supply unit for, in DC-DC conversion of solar energy from a photovoltaic module, supplying a constant DC voltage and DC current or using an SMPS power source; a shadow advertisement controller for receiving, via a smartphone and a wireless communication means, an upload of an advertisement image and setting an advertisement time; and a shadow advertisement system for projecting a shadow advertisement printed on a film through a light source, a lens and an advertisement film in linkage with a lighting circuit and exposing the shadow advertisement, wherein the shadow advertisement is exposed at a certain location in such a manner that the light source is delivered to and penetrates the lens, and the advertisement printed on the advertisement film is projected by light which has passed through the lens.


Three human cytomegalovirus isolates obtained from the female genital tract and five isolates recovered from throat swabs yielded distinct cytopathic properties in human embryonic skin muscle cell culture. The isolates from the female genital tract produced cell agglutination and phagocytic phenomena leading to the formation of multinucleated giant cells, whereas the isolates from throat swabs caused rounding and rapid disintegration of individual cells. The dissimilarities encountered suggested the existence of biologic variants of human cytomegalovirus.


The ground rules under which Australian media operate changed in November 1986. The immediate cause was the regulatory change which saw TV media ownership policy shift from limits on the number of stations a proprietor could own (two TV stations) to percentage limits of the total Australian TV audience (initially 75% but later scaled down to 60% to get the bill through the non-Labor controlled Senate). Counterbalancing this extension in the allowable market size, for the first time the legislation attempted to limit cross-media ownership between the press, TV and radio.


This descriptive research aimeds to study knowledge skill and attitude to ASEAN community among nursing students , a private university in Udon Thani province . The sample was 364 nursing students .The research instruments used in this study were questionnaire which was developed by researcher. They were validated by 5 experts, the result of Content Validity Index (CVI) were 0.92 and Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient were 0.92 respectively. Data analysis was using descriptive statisticsThe results showed that most of samples were female 91.80 %, male 8.20 %, Knowledge about ASEAN community overall was moderate level ( =3.30 :S.D=0.65 ) The minimal average was studied other languages of ASEAN community participating countries. ( =3.14 :S.D=0.92 ) Skill about ASEAN community overall was high level. ( =3.50:S.D=0.70) Next, there were preparation additional of knowledge to ASEAN community about English languages for nurse. ( = 3.23 :S.D=0.79 ) Got training for improve ASEAN community languages skill was item that minimal average. And, attitude about ASEAN community overall was high level also. ( = 3.92:S.D=0.73) Item that minimal average was recognize the difference, Accepting differences,Respect for race religious and cultural diversity, ( = 3.87 :S.D=0.82) and awareness and give priority to ASEAN community. ( = 3.87:S.D=0.84) The preparation of knowledge to the ASEAN community of Nursing students was moderate level which the minimal average was studied other languages of ASEAN community participating countries and English were used as languages of communication. Even, skill was high level, but the lowest average item was skill of language also. Therefore, nursing students need to be developedthe language of the ASEAN countries. Although the attitude was a high level, but nursing students should be instilled with a positive attitude towards the ASEAN community is continuously.


270 www.thelancet.com Vol 372 July 26, 2008 confi dent that there had been no breach of research integrity on the part of the authors, and that every eff ort had been made to achieve consensus on the submitted manuscript. The Lancet also sought advice from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), who agreed with the journal's suggestion to invite Phadke to write a Correspondence letter for publication outlining her concerns and for the journal to write an accompanying Comment to document the course of events. Disputes among authors are one of the most diffi cult situations for editors to deal with. In this case, the editors felt—and COPE agreed—that all possible attempts to come to an agreement had been made. In our opinion, publication of these important data, with complete disclosure, is the best course of action.


【Objective 】The present study was carried out to explore the effects of oligochitosan treatment on sugarcane physiological indices and drought resistant mechanism under drought stress in order to provide references for oligochitosan application in drought resistance of crops. 【Method 】Sugarcane variety ROC22 was used as tested material. Three treatments viz., mormal watering(CK), keeping drought stress, and spraying 100 mg/L oligochitosan solution at the early elongation stage under drought stress were designed, and the +1 leaves of all treatments were taken on 2, 4, 6, 8 days after spraying to determine the endopeptidase, MDA, soluble sugar, Fv/ Fmand ΦPS II. 【Result 】Under normal watering, the endopeptidase activity, MDA content, soluble sugar content, Fv/ Fmand ΦPS II,and RWC of sugarcane leaves kept at certain level without significant change. With the elongation of drought stress time, the endopeptidase activity, MDA and soluble sugar contents of sugarcane leaves in drought stress and oligochitosan treatments presented increasing trend. While the Fv/ Fmand ΦPS II of drought stress treatment, and the relative water content(RWC) of drought stress and oligochitosan treatments showed decreasing trends. The endopeptidase activity of leaves after 2-8 days of oligochitosan treating was higher than that of drought stress treatment to varying degrees, while the MDA content of drought stress on 4-8 days was higher than that of oligochitosan treatment. The soluble sugar and RWC of leaves after 2-6 days of oligochitosan treating were lower than those of drought stress treatment, while they were significantly higher than the drought stress treatment on the 8thdays, which were 28.1 mg/g and 66.7%. Meanwhile, the Fv/ Fmand ΦPS II of oligochitosan treatment showed increasing trends and reached the highest on the 8thdays, which were 1.28 and 1.58 times higher than drought stress treatment. 【Conclusion 】It concluded that applying oligochitosan could regulate the process of physiological metabolism in sugarcane leaves under drought stress, improve adaptablity of sugarcane leaves to drought stress, and enhance drought resistance of sugarcane.


This investigation was undertaken to determine the relative ability of aphasic individuals to perform specific sensory discrimination tasks. The study sought to determine if aphasics differ from no...


Changes in the structures of various aluminum phosphates as a result of grinding were studied by a variety of physical methods—X-ray analysis, DTA, TGA, infrared absorption spectroscopy and electron microphotography, and their acidic properties were investigated in order to obtain information on the surface activity of the compounds. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the A, B, and C types of Al4(P4O12)3 and AlPO4 (Berlinite) did not become completely amorphous even after grinding for 72 hr; this shows that the crystal structures of these compounds were relatively stable to grinding. Substance K was structurally more fragile than the other aluminum phosphates (Al4(P4O12)3, AlPO4), becoming completely amorphous on being ground for 72 hr. On DTA and TGA, the ground aluminum phosphates exhibited an endothermic peak, accompanied by a weight loss due to the loss of adsorbed water in the vicinity of 100°C. A further weight loss at higher temperatures was presumably due to dehydration caused by the co...


By introducing time-dependent current source to Hartley model with cubic nonlinearity and choosing suitable values of parameter and excited frequency,we produce a periodically excited fast-slow electric circuit with two time-scales. The condition for the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation is used to derive the analytical expression of the first Lyapunov coefficient,which is validated by numerical simulation.The coefficient,as well as the bifurcation theory is employed to investigate the fast-slow effect in the system,which leads to the typical periodic bursting in the associated bifurcation modes.Based on the autonomous system and the transformed phase-portraits,the mechanism of the bursting phenomenon is presented from the standpoint of bifurcation.


Since on Feb. 1999, The stevedoring charges system of Container Terminal has changed over the report system from approval system. After then, There is a keen competition among the terminal operating companies. However the focus of competition is centered about a rate-cutting war, the companies are competing in price reduction. Compared with the amount of materials, the Container Terminals are an excessive supply. Therefore the circumstances of stevedoring market is under the overcompetition among the operating companies. It is probable that competition within the industry will be intensified as time goes on. The bottom of this over-competition is limited the amount of materials and a glut of Container Terminal. As a result, the shipper, consignor and the owner of goods got an advantageous position because of limited the amount of materials and excessive supply of Container Terminals. The stevedoring charges of domestic ports is very lower than other countries. This is a serious drain of national wealth. It needs to correct unbalanced market structure through the improvement of PORT TRANSPORT BUSINESS ACT.


This investigation describes Luke's birth narrative as a political critique of the Roman Imperial conception of a Golden Age. The widely held opinion of Luke as a conformist to the Roman Empire has to be revised. It includes German text.


Abstract Aging processes in a body inevitably lead to changes which may decrease the quality of life of the elderly. Dynapenia is a phenomenon which is still not well known and needs to be studied in the population. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of lifestyle on the risk of developing dynapenia in post-menopausal women. The study included 46 females aged 71.4 ±5.6 living in the town of Wysokie Mazowieckie. Basic body dimensions and body composition elements were assessed with the use of anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). A direct interview method with the use of the modified Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) was applied. In order to assess the prevalence of dynapenia, handgrip strength was measured with the use of hydraulic dynamometer. Physical activity was assessed with the use of a pedometer. The respondents' nutrition was examined in an interview concerning their diet from the 24 hours preceding the examination according to the methodology of Food and Nutrition Institute (FNI). The intake of energy and nutritional elements in a diet was calculated with using DIETA 5.0 computer software. Dynapenia was diagnosed in 21.7% of the examined women. The women with dynapenia had significantly bigger waist and hip circumferences and higher BMI (p<0.05) as well as significantly weaker hand muscles than healthy women (p<0.001). Females with dynapenia spent significantly more time in a sedentary position, i.e. talking on the phone, participating in religious rituals or watching TV (p<0.05) compared to women without dynapenia. No significant differences concerning the diet of women with and without dynapenia were revealed. Physical activity may significantly decrease the risk of dynapenia among women over 60 years of age. Furher research is needed to assess the risk of dynapenia and methods of its prevention.


Graduate Courses issued by the Faculty of Mathematics, and have abided by it. This essay is the result of my own work, and except where explicitly stated otherwise, only includes material undertaken since the publication of the list of essay titles, and includes nothing which was performed in collaboration. No part of this essay has been submitted, or is concurrently being submitted, for any degree, diploma or similar qualification at any university or similar institution. The purpose of this essay is to give a clear exposition of the proof of the Fixed Point Theorem for provability logic, combining the ideas from the proofs found in George Boolos' [1] and Craig Smory´nski's [10]. Proof theory is the systematic study of mathematical proofs. The starting point of proof theory is usually placed around the year 1931, when Kurt Gödel published his infamous paper [5]. In this paper, Gödel proved the First Incompleteness Theorem and outlined the proof of a Second Incompleteness Theorem, an explicit proof of which was later given by Paul Bernays in [6]. In his proof, Gödel constructs sentences in the language of arithmetic which can be interpreted as making assertions 1 about the provability of certain other sentences. Gödel then realized that these sentences can just as well make assertions about their own provability. This self-referentiality of sentences then leads to many (apparent) paradoxes; for instance, there is a sentence which asserts its own unprovability. Such a sentence is an example of a fixed point, also see Example 2.2. Fixed points were discovered right at the start of the study of provability. 1 Here and hereafter, whenever I use the anthropomorphic terminology 'the sentence asserts p', I mean 'the sentence is equivalent to p'. For an account of anthropomorphism in science, see [3]. 2 full generality until 1976 by Giovanni Sambin. The appropriate language to study the properties of the provability predicate is the language of modal logic, interpreting the operator as 'it is provable in arithmetic that'. In section 1.1, I will define the language and axioms of the modal logic G. Then, in section 1.2, I will review the possible world semantics appropriate to G. To avoid having several pages containing only definitions, I will also prove some properties of the syntax and semantics for G as I go along. Then, in Chapter 2, I will prove the fixed point theorem for G, which shows the existence …


A recent national needs assessment of 4-H professionals and volunteers described the need to incorporate a holistic view of healthy living throughout all 4-H programs, thereby promoting healthy lifestyles in all clubs, camps, conferences, projects, events, etc. This commentary issues a challenge to optimize the 4-H environment for healthy living and provides practical ideas to achieve that greater vision, for better living.


This demonstration shows a Quantum-Classical interface (QC-IF) for quantum computing implemented on multiple FPGAs. Quantum computers need a controller to transmit/receive microwave to/from quantum devices. In order to explore various quantum devices, the controller requires flexibility to transmit/receive various wave shapes. In addition to that, scalability is also required for large-scale quantum computers. FPGAs are attractive platforms; however, some challenges exist in implementing QC-IF on FPGAs in terms of required specifications from physics, such as treating data and realizing scalability. This work demonstrates an implementation of QC-IF on FPGA with high bandwidth memory to treat large-volume data in high throughput. Furthermore, the IEEE1588-like clock synchronization mechanism is implemented to make multiple FPGAs synchronized.


The practice of teaching intercomprehension (IC) aims to promote plurilingualism in the individual and maintain language policies supporting multilingualism. It proposes a communicative model in which people communicate using their own language by encouraging the development of the competences required for successful communication. Most of the projects on IC that have been developed in recent years target developing written comprehension, especially among Romance languages. Although there is great diversity in objectives and techniques, all methodologies based on IC share the following principles, which represent the common denominator of teaching IC: plurilingual approach, use of partial competences, attention to comprehension, reflection on language(s), development of strategic and metacognitive knowledge and competences. Most of the teaching paths based on IC aim to raise learners' awareness of comprehension processes, therefore allowing students to develop specific strategies connected with analogy, approximation (or 'ambiguity tolerance'), association, transfer, inference and metalinguistic knowledge. One of the main challenges of IC studies is to describe the individual competences that allow people to understand – or to learn to intercomprehend– texts in several related languages. Such a description would allow us to propose reflections in order to elaborate an assessment tool. The assessment in IC has been focused by several works, it is the main objective of the European Project EVAL-IC (Evaluation des competences en intercomprehension: reception et interactions plurilingues) and is certainly crucial for the institutional insertion. The objective of this paper is to present, within the topic of IC, some insights gathered by the authors through the EuRom5 methodology. In particular, we focus on the subtopic of the use of strategies as observed during EuRom5 sessions putting them in relation to the descriptors of different frameworks of reference related to plurilingualism (MAGIC, CARAP, REFIC and New CEFR). As for the methodology adopted in this paper, we propose a description and a comparison of data from EuRom5 and the frameworks mentioned above. The main findings of our analysis show that the four frameworks here considered only partially account for the complex picture characterizing the EuRom methodology.


Inhibin B, a heterodimeric glycoprotein of gonadal origin, is the most important circulating form of inhibin in human males and an inverse relationship between inhibin B and FSH plasma levels was been recently observed. Azoospermia represents the end‐point of different kinds of testicular damage, ranging from a normal spermatogenic pattern (obstructive forms) to the complete absence of germ cells (Sertoli Cell Only Syndrome, SCOS). Furthermore, azoospermia may be related to maturational disturbances at different levels (spermatogonial, spermatocytic, spermatidic). To better define the relationship between testicular damage and inhibin levels and to evaluate the diagnostic value of this hormone in the management of subjects with azoospermia, we performed specific inhibin B assays in a group of azoospermic subjects affected by different kinds of testicular pathology.


Anonymous electronic cash (E-Cash) are inefficient compared to other electronic payment systems, since the additional "anonymous" functionality increases the complexity and processing time. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to address and improve the efficiency of E-Cash. A Modified Batch Signature Generation Concept has been devised and implemented into Brand's model. The resultant multiple coins scheme proved to be more efficient than many existing schemes. Further efficiency improvement was achieved by implementing preprocessing, on-line and post-processing concept. Then, multiple denominations functionality was added to the scheme which further improved the efficiency. After that, coin tracing and owner tracing functionality has been included using New Indirect Discourse of Proof which is more efficient than previous method. The security analysis has been performed on Brand's model/scheme found some lapses in his scheme such that it is vulnerable to some form of attacks. Since Brand's scheme is the basis of most E-Cash schemes including the scheme developed in this research, this discovery is significant. Improvements were then made to the scheme that has been developed to make it secure from these attacks. The resultant scheme is called Chang's scheme. Comparison of Chang's scheme with other "state of the art" E-Cash schemes showed that Chang's scheme is better, if observed from both efficiency and security perspective.


Contemporary architectural ornament serves multiple purposes; articulated surfaces are no longer simply symbolic gesture but, in addition, contain material performance as expression of technological, environmental and other cultural factors. At the same time, parametric design has opened new frontiers in patterning and bio-inspired design. The manifestation of these bio-inspired materials can be compelling spatial narratives that speculate on the blending of nature and architecture. However, these biophilic tendencies might further serve in the development of more sustainable architecture and urbanism; surfaces and structures derived from nature might also serve nature. In this work, we present a method to define "habitat grammars" that create functional spaces for diverse species, as well as generating unique aesthetic properties derived from regional nuances in flora and fauna. The method is applied to a seawall in South Florida near mangroves. Panels were cast in high strength concrete and experimentally observed in aquariums with live specimens. The results indicated that low relief panels performed equivalent to featureless walls, whereas higher relief panels elicited a near unanimous response from the introduced species.


IN the current discussion of a national curriculum within an American tradition of local control, we must not overlook the possibilities of planning the curriculum in an intermediate unit: the region. Curriculum planning can be ad ministered in regions of cities, rural areas, and suburbs. In cities, the region may be an administrative district; in rural areas, a county unit; and in the suburbs, a voluntary association of separate school systems. The advantages of regional curriculum planning consist largely of an enriching cooperation among contiguous, similar districts and avoidance of wasteful dupli cation in activities for curriculum im provement. A true story from a suburban area in the East exemplifies the wasteful ness of too much independence. Some time ago, three school systems within a few miles of each other engaged in almost identical studies of their language arts programs, without any one of the sys tems knowing about the work of the oth ers for nearly two years. In rural areas, where schools fre-


Lack of understanding of the operating system as well as the dependence on a specific vendor , underdevelopment of creativity of the nation.So to improve the creativity and eliminate dependence on certain vendors then use Linux. Linux is an operating system open souce, portable, small size and bootable. Linux used is Linux Slax


The shielding effectiveness of a rectangular enclosure, with one wall as a grid, is studied in detail. An approximate technique is used: the holes of the grid are replaced by concentrated magnetic dipoles and the inside of the enclosure is regarded as a piece of a waveguide with only the lowest TE/sub 10/-mode present. This allows the construction of a simple equivalent circuit, from which the shielding effectiveness can be quickly deduced. This simple model has been checked against dedicated experiments, proving its validness even above the first resonance frequency of the empty enclosure.


Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality after Orthopedic surgery. Some recent studies report an increasing incidence of VTE in the Indian subcontinent. Rivaroxaban was found to be safe and effective for thromboprophylaxis after major Orthopedic surgery across a wide range of doses. Aim: To study incidence of DVT in lower limb trauma patients and the efficacy and safety of oral rivaroxaban, 10 mg once daily, administered postoperatively, for the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Material and Methods: A total of 200 patients selected by simple random sampling with lower limb trauma admitted for surgery in the hospital were included in the study. The patients were randomized into two groups of 100 patients each. given oral Rivaroxaban, 10 mg once daily for the prevention of venous thromboembolism and Group E, control group, for which no prophylaxis was given. Results: Incidence of DVT was 3% in Group RE and 6% in group E. There was statistical significant difference when two groups were compared statistically. Incidence was 7% in males and 2% in females. The mean duration of treatment in patients in Group RE was 26.32± 13.21 days and in Group E was 16.32 ±4.21 days. The adverse event of bleeding in patients of Group RE was 3% and in Group E was 2% with no statistically difference. Conclusion: DVT in Indian patients with lower limb trauma is a fair problem and hence pharmacological prophylaxis should be used only for all patients with risk factors. Rivaroxaban offers a simple, approach to the short-term treatment of DVT that may improve the benefit-risk profile of anticoagulation.


. The existing medium-resolution land cover time series produced under the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative provides 29 years (1992–2020) of annual land cover maps at 300 m resolution, allowing for a detailed study of land change dynamics over the contemporary era. Because models need two-dimensional parameters rather than two-dimensional land cover information, the land cover classes must be converted into model-appropriate plant functional types (PFTs) to apply this time series to Earth system and land surface models. The first-generation cross-walking table that was presented with the land cover product prescribed pixel-level PFT fractional compositions that varied by land cover class but


The interaction between slow highly-charged ions (SHCI) of different charge states from an electron-beam ion trap and highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces is studied in terms of modification of electronic states at single-ion impact nanosize areas. Results are presented from AFM/STM analysis of the induced-surface topological features combined with Raman spectroscopy. I–V characteristics for a number of different impact regions were measured with STM and the results argue for possible formation of diamond-like nanoscale structures at the impact sites. Morphological studies of the surface nanostructures at the ion impact sites were carried out using a di-Dimension 3100 and a di-CPII Veeco AFM/STM instrument. AFM imaging was performed in non-contact mode while STM imaging was performed using a 5 µ m scanner.


Sticklac has been used as a binding material to prepare formaldehyde-free composite board from arhar (Cajanus cajan) stick agro waste. Effects of sticklac obtained from kusmi and rangeeni strain, binder content, press-cycle, particle type, moisture content, density of board and wax emulsion as additive are studied on physical and mechanical properties of board. Tests of modulus of rupture, tensile strength perpendicular to surface of board, screw withdrawal force, water absorption and thickness swelling have indicated that composite board prepared using sticklac in alcoholic solution can meet required standard for interior grade with regard to above properties.


Rotavirus (RV) diarrhea is the major cause of death of millions of children in developing countries besides causing economically significant malady in neonates of many domestic animals. There is a very little information available for the factors which can affect prevalence of Bovine Rotavirus (BRV) in Pakistan. There is a dire need to propagate BRV on cell culture and evaluate the physical and chemical control of RV in effective ways for the betterment of human and livestock welfare. Therefore, the present study aimed to propagate BRV on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line. The screening of the virus was done by using commercially available kit and TCID50 technique. The propagation of BRV was then led to study its inactivity and infectivity potential using different physical and chemical factors. For this reason, 3 physical factors (Temperature, pH and UV light) and 8 chemical disinfectants were used. The virus got completely inactive at a temperature range of 75 to 80oC and 5.00 to 6.00 pH while remained active at 7.04 and 8.00. The virus was inactivated after exposure to 0.5% Virkon®-S within 30 minutes, 0.5% Bromo-Sept after 30 min, and 1.0% surf excel after 30 min Phenol within 60 min at a concentration of 1.0% and 0.6% H2O2 after 30 min proved to be virucidal for the virus. These findings can be helpful for the farmers to keep their farms decontaminated from this virus. Moreover, these results can also be of help in the prevention of the outbreaks that occur in the hospitals.

#These authors contributed equally to this work.


Abstract 1.1. Pyribenzamine, a drug with specific antihistamine action, was used in various types of allergic disorders. It afforded symptomatic relief in many cases of seasonal hay fever, perennial allergic rhinitis, and urticaria. Its action in asthma was negligible in most instances. 2.2. Side effects occurred in 27.2 per cent of those patients treated. Drowsiness, gastrointestinal upsets, and vertigo were the most frequent complaints. 3.3. The action of the drug is only palliative and does not cure the allergic condition. It is a valuable symptomatic drug and is recommmended as a helpful adjunct to the specific treatment of allergic disorders.


This work studies ambient backscatter, where the tag utilizes a frequency-shifted form of on-off keying (OOK), which may be coined as pseudo-frequency shift keying (pseudo-FSK). Such scheme, offers the possibility of simple, frequency-domain multiple access (due to FSK), by appropriate selection of the switching frequencies among (possibly receiverless) tags, while reserving bandwidth (due to OOK). A constant envelope-modulated ambient signal is assumed to illuminate the tag, resembling signals from (analog) FM radio, (digital) minimum-shift keying (MSK), or phase-shift keying (PSK) broadcasting stations. Fully coherent, maximum likelihood (ML) detection is derived for tag information, without estimating or detecting the ambient signal; instead, the law of large numbers is exploited, in conjunction with channel estimation techniques, even though the ambient unknown signal changes between successive tag bits. Closed-form expression for the probability of error is also given and simulations verify theoretical results. Ambient is a special case of bistatic backscatter; thus, useful design principles for ambient systems can stem from the bistatic backscatter literature.


Abstract The relative concentration of elements in adults of the red turnip beetle, Entomoscelis americana Brown, as determined by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (XES), was used with discriminant analysis to identify source populations of beetles from different fields in the same district. Classification of dispersed beetles from the same district, using discriminant functions, suggests that XES is a promising technique for dispersal studies. However, multivariate analysis of variance and canonical analysis of XES results of groups of beetles given different foods over varying times in the laboratory indicate that highly significant changes occur in the chemoprint. Methods of minimizing the effect of such changes are suggested for future studies of dispersal.


The fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups states that every finitely generated abelian group $A$ has a basis. That means, every element can be presented uniquely as a product of powers of the elements of the basis in a given order. It motivate us considering a generalization of the theorem for some non-abelian groups, which is called OGS decomposition. It is easy to see that existence of an OGS decomposition for all the composition factors of a non-abelian group implies the existence of an OGS for the group itself. Since the composition factors of a solvable group are cyclic groups, it obviously has an OGS decomposition. Therefore, the question of the existence of an OGS decomposition is interesting for non-solvable groups. The Jordan-Holder Theorem motivate us to consider an existence of an OGS decomposition for the finite simple groups. In the case of a finite simple group of Lie-type, there is a BN-pair decomposition, which allows for writing a group as a product of BNB, where B and N$ are solvable groups. In this paper, we find an OGS decomposition of PSL_{2}(q), which is closely connected to the BN-pair decomposition of the group. By the mentioned OGS decomposition, we deduce a decomposition of PSL_{2}(q) in a form of XB or XYB (depending on the characteristic of the finite field F{q}), where X and Y are cyclic groups. We also show that the BN-pair decomposition of the elements of X and of Y leads to sequences over F{q}, which can be defined recursively, with very interesting properties.


This paper describes the approach that we utilized to participate in the shared task for multi-label and multi-class emotion classification organized as part of WASSA 2023 at ACL 2023. The objective was to build mod- els that can predict 11 classes of emotions, or the lack thereof (neutral class) based on code- mixed Roman Urdu and English SMS text messages. We participated in Track 2 of this task - multi-class emotion classification (MCEC). We used generative pretrained transformers, namely ChatGPT because it has a commercially available full-scale API, for the emotion detec- tion task by leveraging the prompt engineer- ing and zero-shot / few-shot learning method- ologies based on multiple experiments on the dev set. Although this was the first time we used a GPT model for the purpose, this ap- proach allowed us to beat our own baseline character-based XGBClassifier, as well as the baseline model trained by the organizers (bert- base-multilingual-cased). We ranked 4th and achieved the macro F1 score of 0.7038 and the accuracy of 0.7313 on the blind test set.


Abstract Past and present research on savanna rangeland has emphasized the role of tree — grass interactions as the limiting factor in the woody — grass balance. The present study examines tree — tree interactions in savannas through the use of nearest neighbour analysis. Results of the study show both a regular dispersion pattern and a positive correlation between the size of trees and the distance to nearest neighbour (tree) for acacia communities, suggesting competition among trees as a mechanism controlling their size and density. In the analysis of data from a mixed acacia broadleaf‐evergreen thicket, the dispersion of acacia species was found to be regular even though acacia species accounted for only 36 per cent of the individuals present. However, results of the spatial analysis of all individuals regardless of species show a random dispersion of trees in the thicket community. Results from the analysis of seedling establishment relative to canopy cover suggest possible mechanisms for these findings.


The water dimer has been studied by SCF CI method of Matsuoka, clementi and Yoshimre. The isomerism was not found in water dimers. If is concluded that equilibrium description of water dimer is given by a single structure namely the linear one. (AIP)


Based on the analysis of the water quality monitoring data of Xingkai Lake in 2008, the eutrophic level of the water body was evaluated through a comprehensive trophic state index method. The results showed that the comprehensive trophic state index (CTSI) was 47.7 for Da Xingkai and 50.1 for Xiao Xingkai, which indicated that Da Xingkai is in a mesotrophic state and Xiao Xingkai in a light eutrophic state. The eutrophic characteristics were analyzed. There was a negative correlation between total nitrogen (TN) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) of Da Xingkai as well as Xiao Xingkai. The content of total phosphorus(TP) was high in Da Xingkai, more than 0.08 mg/L, which showed a negative correlation with Chl-a.While a low content of TP, lower than 0.1 mg/L, showed a positive correlation with Chl-a in Xiao Xingkai. The ratio of nitrogen and phosphorous density was between 2:1 and 4:1. Nitrogen was the limiting nutrient salt of eutrophication in Da Xingkai. The ratio of nitrogen and phosphorous density in Xiao Xingkai reached 14.1:1, within the optimum ratio range of algae growth.


This paper introduces a method to improve the spatial resolution of the point light source detection in scintillator by offering a scintillation detector with a new structure. By introducing a lightproof material with multiple pinholes between the scintillator cube and photon sensors, the light source can be detected through photon reverse ray tracing method. The proposed scintillation detector can provide fine spatial resolution about 10 µ m ∼ 20 µ m,whichismorethan10 × finerthanthepriorarts.Tooptimize thedesign,theimpactofthedesignparametersonthedetectionresolutionisdiscussedbasedonthedetailedsimulationresults.Theexperimentalresultshowsthatwiththeoptimizedparameterchoicewecanfurtherimprovethespatialresolutionto5 µ m ∼ 10 µ m.


24 European Crystallographic Meeting, ECM24, Marrakech, 2007 Page s157 Acta Cryst. (2007). A63, s157 knowledge, alkaline-earth 2,2'-diphenyldicarboxylate complexes have never been reported. In this context and following our systematic studies on the alkaline-earth dicarboxylates complexes with 2,2'diphenyldicarboxylic acid, a new barium(II) compound of formula [Ba(H2O)4(dpdc)] 0.25 H2O has been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The Barium (II) ions are nine coordinated by three oxygen atoms from two diphenato groups and six oxygen atoms from six water molecules of which five acting as bridging ligands and one as monodentate. The distances Ba – O range from 2.704(5) to 2.974(4) Å forming a slightly distorted monocapped dodecahedron. The structure of [Ba(H2O)4(dpdc)]n consists of two-dimensional layers, built up from the self-assembly of zigzag chains of face and edge-sharing {BaO9} polyhedra linked by bridging bidendate diphenate anions through different coordination modes of the carboxylate groups. The Ba...Ba distances across these chains are 4.3519(6) and 4.6013(5) Å. The polymer layers form a three-dimensional network via OH O hydrogen-bond interactions between the coordinated water molecules and the O atoms of the carboxylate groups.


We have previously presented a nonperturbative quantum electrodynamic approach to the atom-light system, and solved it by nonperturbative treatment limited to the electron-photon interactions only. In this paper, we solve the equation of motion, a time-independent Schrödinger-like equation for the combined atom-photon-mode system, nonperturbatively for both the atomic Coulomb potential and the photon mode, by employing a Born-Oppenheimer approximation in momentum space. The solution obtained is the direct product of a photonic part, representing a stimulated photon cloud dressing the electron, and an electronic part, as if the atomic potential is distorted. For atoms with known spectra and wavefunctions, the integral equation for the distorted atomic wavefunctions is reduced to a solvable set of linear algebraic equations with explicitly determined coefficients. Applications of this result are also discussed.


Based on the study of the detrital zircon U—Pb isotopic dating of the sandstone from the type section of Amushan Formation in Bayan Obo area,Inner Mongolia,the zircons from the Lower Permian sandstone include of ages of 354 ~ 479 Ma( Paleozoic),934 ~ 1 941 Ma( Proterozoic) and 2 330 ~ 2 668 Ma( Siderian- Neoarchean). Combined with the fusulinids of the type section,the authors conclude that the components of Proterozoic zircons( 934 ~ 1 941 Ma) in the sandstone of the Amushan Formation should came from the Jiamusi-Mongolia block,rather than from the North China Plate. The Amushan Formation bearing fusulinids of the Biozone of Sphaeroschwagerina might be deposited at the continental margins of the Jiamusi—Mongolia block. The present research would be helpful for investigating the tectonic evolution of the Xar Moron River Suture and the Paleo—Asian Ocean,and gives great support to assign the Inner Mongolia Grassland-Songhua River Stratigraphic Region to the Jiamusi-Mongolia Stratigraphic Superregion.


Koenraad Brosens and Guy Delmarcel, "Raphael's 'Acts of the Apostles': Italians in the service of the Habsburg monarchy and the Leyniers tapestry workshop, 1725-55", The Burlington Magazine,  CLVI, June 2014, pp. 376-381.


Abstract Mercury is a toxic metal which causes several serious health effects including kidney damage, anxiety depression and peripheral neuropathy, and because of its high volatility assessment in solid samples is problematic. In this study, forty-five samples of local Polish and imported honeys were analyzed by Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA) for the determination of mercury content. The honey contamination was assessed regarding honey variety and country of origin. Hg level in all tested samples was found to not exceed the 0.81 μg/kg which was below 10% of the applicable law UE limit. Moreover, no statistically significant differences were found in the variety or geographical origin. The study concluded that the Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA) instrument proved to be an excellent tool for screening mercury in honeys because of its simplicity, rapidity, low detection limit, accuracy and precision and no sample preparation.


The purpose of this study was to investigate children's ideas about self-regulation in such situational variables as the presence of explicit rules and the domains of social rules. The subjects were 6-, 9-, and 12-year-old children (344). To assess children's ideas about self-regulation, a procedure...


Objective To investigate the effect of healthy education on quality of hemodialysis patients' life in induction phase.Methods Forty-six patients were divided into survey group and control group at random,with twenty-three in each group,interview before hemodialysis,instruction on hemodialysis and interview after hemodialysis was performed in survey group based on conventional therapy and nursing and traditional propaganda and education,however,conventional therapy and nursing and traditional propaganda and education were only carried out in control group,comparing to quality of life of two groups after 2 to 3 weeks.Results A majority of patients in survey group were in stable emotion and were partnered treatment,weight control of them was well,vascular access was protected well,and could diet reasonably by healthy education.Quality of their life was obviously better than that in control group(P0.05).Conclusions Healthy education can relieve mental stress of hemodialysis patients in induction phase effectively,help them build up perfect style of life,enhance quality of life,and make them transit to the maintenance hemodialysis successfully.


This chapter provides a preliminary framework for learner centered user interface design across a variety of training categories. To arrive at this framework, the authors explore (1) user interface design principles and the extent to which they apply to learning environments, (2) the learner centric psychological principles that should be included in the design of learner interfaces, and (3) methods by which training tasks are categorized. The overarching premise of the framework is that designs that are compatible with the psychology of learning promote learning, and ultimately performance, better than those that do not. This seemingly simple concept is sometimes in conflict with user interface design principles for other purposes, such as general purpose websites or marketing campaigns. The framework results in a notional configuration of 27 learner centered training interfaces, which are analyzed for their relevance to user interface design. The chapter concludes with a call for further research to determine best practices in learner interface design.


A uniform diffraction coefficient is presented for the scattering in the near zone by a corner at the interconnection between two straight edges when it is illuminated by a plane wave. The solution is obtained by applying the incremental theory of diffraction (ITD). The high-frequency expressions provide the desired continuity of the total scattered field at those aspects where the leading ray-field contributions experience a jump discontinuity.<<ETX>>


One phenomenon that generates significant losses in terms of productivity and cost in organizations is occupational stress. Stress is encountered in various occupational groups, but its levels are high when we speak about professions that are in contact with a large number of people as part of their responsibilities, such as teaching. Given the major implications of stress on the individual involved in the work, but also on the organization, the main concern of this research was to identify and understand the risk factors involved. Using the hierarchical regression, we tried to highlight the extent to which certain stress sources in the academic environment influence the level of stress experienced by the teachers, while controlling the influence of other situational factors such as demographics or personality factors.


This paper discusses the issue of China's three regional economic development from the perspective of the fiscal decentralization,foreign direct investment and economic development.It is found that the imbalance in regional economic growth is also reflected in the government efficiency of fiscal decentralization and the phase imbalance of economic development.The paper holds that the eastern part of the economy is restructuring and needs to deepen the separation of authority,the central economic needs to adjust the separation of authority and continues to push forward,the west needs to change the government efficiency and improves the level of fiscal expenditure to better the investment environment.


The Department of Health publish abortion data annually, with the data for abortions that took place in 2008 being released in May 2009. This briefing analyses the data for the East Midlands, with the focus being on abortions to young women.


A method for extracting functional models from the switch- (or gate-) level description of a circuit is presented. Model extraction is done incrementally while the hierarchical structure of the circuit is maintained. Extracted models are represented by Boolean functions that are compiled and linked to the simulator. A prototype simulator was implemented within the CHAMP framework. Simulations using extracted models executed 2.5 to 3 times faster than ordinary switch-level simulations without any loss of accuracy.<<ETX>>


Objective
To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolated from children in China.

Methods
CRE strains were collected in 10 tertiary children's hospitals of China from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the clinical strains was detected with disk diffusion method (KB method) and automated method. The results were analyzed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Standards published in 2017. WHONET 5.6 software was used to retrospectively analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of these strains.

Results
A total of 3 065 CRE clinical strains were isolated from children with an overall prevalence of 7.7% and among them, 13.5% were isolated in neonatal group and 5.8% in non-neonatal group. The detection rate of CRE in 2017 was higher than that in 2016 (9.7% vs 5.7%). Among the 3 065 CRE strains, there were 1 912 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (62.0%), 667 strains of Escherichia coli (22.0%), 206 strains of Enterobacter cloacae (7.0%), 56 strains of Klebsiella aerogenes (1.8%) and 47 strains of Serratia marcescens (1.5%). Most of the strains were isolate in neonatology departments including neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and intensive care units (ICU), accounting for 44.8% and 19.7%, respectively. Respiratory tract (61.8%), urine (19.4%) and blood (5.7%) specimens were the main sources of CRE isolates. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that the CRE strains were highly resistant to carbapenem antibiotics such as imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem, as well as penicillins and most cephalosporins (79.6%-100%), especially those isolated in the neonatal group (P<0.05). Children had relatively low resistance rates to aminoglycosides such as amikacin (19.7%) and fosfomycin (11.9%), fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin (37.7%) and ciprofloxacin (43.3%), and tigecycline (3.8%). Currently, no polymyxin B-resistant strains were isolated.

Conclusions
The prevalence of common CRE strains in children in 2017 was higher than that in 2016, especially in newborns. Drug resistance in CRE strains isolated from neonates to common antibiotics was more severe, suggesting that great attention should be paid to it and timely measures should also be taken.

Key words:
Carbapenem-resistant Enterbacteriaceae; Drug resistance; Children


Background: Patients with asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can transmit the disease to others. Since the trauma patients represent a portion of society and can be asymptomatic carriers of COVID-19, it is essential for medical staff to use precautions when managing all trauma patients with or without symptoms of COVID-19.
Case Report: In this article, we discuss three patients with bone fractures who had no previous symptoms of COVID-19. Two cases were old patients with intertrochanteric fractures, and the other one was a young man with a distal clavicular fracture. All patients were diagnosed incidentally in the course of the admission.
Conclusion: Emergency room (ER) personnel and orthopedic surgeons should be aware of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. It is important to use standard personal protective equipment (PPE) during the evaluation of all patients with orthopedic trauma to prevent disease spread.


Motivated by the renewed interest in the surrogate nuclear reactions approach, an indirect method for determining compound-nuclear reaction cross sections, the prospects for determining (n,{gamma}) cross sections for deformed rare-earth and actinide nuclei are investigated. A nuclear reaction model is employed to simulate physical quantities that are typically measured in surrogate experiments and used to assess the validity of the Weisskopf-Ewing and ratio approximations, which are typically employed in the analysis of surrogate reactions. The expected accuracy of (n,{gamma}) cross sections extracted from typical surrogate measurements is discussed and limitations of the approximate methods are illustrated. Suggestions for moving beyond presently employed approximations are made.


In an attempt to manufacture sustained release (SR) tablet of diclofenac sodium with zero order release chracteristics, five formulations (MPPT1 to MPPT5) were prepared using Methocel K 100 (Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose-HPMC) and four formulations using Kollidon SR (Povidone) along with lactose, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), propyl paraben sodium, magnesium stearate, talc (MPPT1 to MPPT5) and aerosil 200 (DSRT1 to DSRT4). Thus, nine formulations were prepared. Initial dose of 25mg was taken and for zero order release profile, desired therapeutic concentration (C P ), time to reach peak plasma concentration (T P ), plasma half life (t 1/2 ), elimination rate constant (Kel), volume of distribution (V d ) and time desired for SR from one dose (T) were taken as 0.75μg/ml, 2.5 hours, 1.1 hours, 0.63 hour -1 , 11.9 litres and 16 hours. Total dose for SR formulation was calculated and taken to nearest quantity of 100mg. A marketed sustained release (MDSR) tablet was also studied for invitro profile. Nine fabricated SR tablet formulations were studied for invitro evaluation and compared with zero order theoretical sustained release (TSR) pattern and invitro release pattern of MDSR tablet. Among all the fabricated SR formulations, MPPT5 was found almost close to TSR in dissolution profile and on par or superior to MDSR tablet. The successful fabricated SR tablet formulation, MPPT5 was subjected to stability study at 30°C, 40°C and room temperature for six weeks and found stable in all respects. Thus, the present study was highly illustrative, meaningful and great help to industry to formulate SR Diclofenac sodium tablet.


The elastostatic Green's tensor function is the solution of a differential equation for the displacement field created by a unit point force in an infinite continuum. Its symmetry is derived using Maxwell's reciprocity theorem. A general integral expression is derived for the Green's function in anisotropic media. The Green's function in isotropic elasticity is derived in closed form. The relation between the elastic Green's function in a continuum and in a harmonic crystal lattice is shown. The application of the Green's function to solving displacement fields of point defects exerting defect forces on neighbouring atoms leads to dipole, quadrupole, octupole, etc. tensors for point defects. Eshelby's ellipsoidal inclusion problem is solved in isotropic elasticity. Using perturbation theory analytic expressions for the Green's function in a weakly anisotropic cubic crystal are obtained in problem 3 of set 4. The derivation of the elastodynamic Green's function in isotropic elasticity is outlined.


preeminent enterprise culture can make enterprises actively to adapt complex circumstance to survive and achieve success in fierce competition. In this paper based on exposition of the conception and forming mechanism of enterprise culture the extraordinary cultural characteristics of superintendence enterprises are proposed.


The utility model provides a water emergency treatment device, is including the vertical aerated conduit of installing in the shaft of arranging along the underground water flow direction, tube way, the pipeline that draws water, water injection pipeline down in proper order respectively to and the pond is handled to the MBR membrane on the ground, the aerated conduit top links firmly the fan of locating ground, and the bottom has linked firmly the aeration shower nozzle, the tube says that the top links firmly a suction pump locating ground down, no. One the suction pump other end even has nontoxic aerobic bacteria pond through the pipeline, it even has no. Two suction pumps locating ground to draw water the pipeline top, subaerial along water flow direction no. Two suction pumps, that the pond is handled to the MBR membrane on the ground, no. Three suction pumps pass through the pipeline is consecutive, it even has to take out water pump output end for three numbers the top of water injection pipeline, the distribution had the anaerobe in the pond was handled to the MBR membrane on the ground. The mode that adopt that underground operation and operation on the ground combine together, aerobic bacteria and anaerobe combines together, the prevention is moved by the groundwater peripherad of pollution, the diffusion of pollution abatement thing.


Objective: Analyze the state of health research in Colombia, Ecuador and Latin America, its implications and the importance of health research in attempting to impact health policies and strategies that will improve the standard of living in urban communities. Method: The study involved a review of the literature contained in the Latin American databases SciELO, Redalyc, Medicine ® and PubMed during the last eight years. Results: It provides evidence on the importance of universities as institutions that are obliged to influence social, human and cultural aspects and become environs linked to social and government program developed in the interest of a community. Research policies, governing bodies and their implications in institutions of higher learning are analyzed as well. Conclusions: It is necessary to strengthen critical thinking in academic circles that are committed to transforming the social conditions of the community in processes concerning health, disease, promotion, prevention and care. In doing to, it is important to affect awareness by affirming that both the individual and the community are responsible for their "health care," through a trans-disciplinary approach that takes into account the ethical standards governing research and strengthens it by consolidating networks and reporting research findings.


Traditional civic education in the U.S. often does not meet the needs of students. Whether through outdated or uninspiring methods or by functionally disenfranchising students who are not part of the predominant power structure, mainstream civic education maintains hegemonic structures and, in turn, systems of oppression. Scholars have argued that reconceptualizing citizenship is an important component to addressing these shortcomings. Further, an increased use of social media as a tool for new forms of civic participation has been observed, but little research has been done to examine how teachers are using these platforms in their teaching of civics. This study explored high school social studies teachers' conceptualizations of citizenship and their use of the social media platform, Twitter, with their students for civic education. Findings showed that teachers' conceptions of citizenship were influenced by their local context: teachers observed geographic or racial barriers for their students' civic participation, which informed how they understood and taught about civic participation. Teachers' use of Twitter was intended to provide ways for students to disrupt the systems that established these barriers; however, teachers' practice of using Twitter did not always align with their intentions.


The invention discloses a kind of semiconductor structure and manufacture method thereof, manufacture method comprises the following steps: form the semiconductor unit of arrangement on substrate; Material layer is formed on semiconductor unit; The first patterned mask layer is formed on semiconductor unit; First patterned mask layer has a part for mask open correspondence semiconductor unit and exposes material layer; Remove the portion of material layer that mask open is exposed, stay the part that material layer is positioned on the sidewall of each semiconductor unit that mask open is exposed to form clearance wall structure.


Through discussing the existing problems of a project cost management in the investment decision-making stage and design stage of a projectt,he main ways and measures which control a project cost are proposed.It can be referred for the investor.


Strictly nonblocking networks may hold the key for high performance multiprocessor systems. While a number of strictly nonblocking networks have been reported in the literature, their use in multiprocessors is hampered by a lack of efficient distributed routing at algorithms to set paths in these networks. As a step in this direction, the paper presents two distributed routing algorithms for D.G. Cantor's (1971) strictly nonblocking network. For N inputs, the first routing algorithm takes O(t)+O(logt log N) steps/sup 1/ to routing t requests in parallel. While this algorithm performs quite well for i=O(log/sup 2/ N), for larger valves of t, we present a randomized version of the same algorithm with an expected time complexity of O(log/sup 2/ N) for any number of requests. These results, when combined with the crosspoints and depth complexities of a Cantor network, give a strictly nonblocking network with O(N log/sup 2/ N) crosspoints, O(logN) depth and O(log/sup 2/N) routing time.


This article analyses the history of the journal Revista Interuniversitaria de Formacion del Pro- fesorado (RIFOP), a continuation of and rooted in the "Revi...


There is a growing concern over the public financial management practices including financial reporting of governments. People's concern over more productive public resource utilization has flourished. Not only that, transparency, accountability, and openness of public money utilizations have become more common. Financial reporting is a key leading instrument that is able to prove both ideas. The requirement stimulates governments to concern about the quality of financial reporting in the public sector. The government of Sri Lanka has already taken several steps to strengthen their public financial reporting while there are still being criticisms by critical interest parties. The situation creates a drought over the effectiveness and the direction of the initiatives. Based on the public financial reporting environment in Sri Lanka, the research investigates the determining factors of Public Financial Reporting Quality (PFRQ). Scholars acknowledge the influence of the Accounting Information System (AIS) and Internal Control (IC) to determine the PFRQ in different organizational environments. A questionnaire survey seeking opinions on these two areas was distributed to a sample of Accountants working in the central government ministries and departments in Sri Lanka. The results reveal the strong contribution of AIS and IC to enhance the PFRQ. The results further acknowledge the findings of previous scholars over the positive influence of AIS and IC to determine the FRQ. These findings contribute to the literature by analyzing the determinants of financial reporting quality in the public sector. Finally, it is recommending to the government of Sri Lanka to take steps to strengthen their public financial reporting in a correct and more influential direction.


The proximal tibia is one of the most challenging anatomic sites for resection of large bone tumors, due to the vicinity of the extensor mechanism. Here, we report outcomes of a novel radical resection technique which preserves the extensor apparatus. 8 patients were operated between 2001 and 2011 for large sarcomas with high-grade tibial localization. Six were giant cell tumor of bone histology (GCTB; defined as severe bone destruction and soft tissue extension) and two chrondrosarcoma at surgical grade G1, but with double localization in tibia and femur. Primary bone tumors and recurrences were treated with novel multiplanar resection technique avoiding removal of the tibial tuberosity and the patella tendon insertion, preserving extensor mechanism. In all cases, curettage and borage were not indicated due to extensive lesion size. Radical resection of the lower extremity (2 femurs and 8 tibias) yielded wide margins (R0) and patients were evaluated at 10 years of follow up. The average post operative Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 26.87 points (range: 23-29). All patients reached full passive and active extension and the maximum active flexion was 108.75° (range: 90°-120°). At the last follow-up (mean: 121.8 months), all patients and implants survived; no local infection, recurrence, metastasis, or relevant complications occurred. This surgical technique therefore appears to provide a safe treatment option when wide surgical margins are possible, and preserving the integrity of the extensor mechanism may improve the clinical outcome.


Farhad Sanjari Fard and Nur Naha Abu Mansor Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development University Teknologi Malaysia E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Off: +607-5531842 Fax: +607-5566911 Azzman Mohamed Iskandar Development Management Services Johor Bahru, Malaysia Abstract This paper aims is to investigate the critical success factors (CSF) for measuring (PM) in quality context in Malaysian SMEs in the manufacturing sectors for removing and decreasing the shortcomings and non-preciseness to the minimum rate. In most countries, 95% of businesses that are established are SMEs. In Malaysia, SMEs have the important role in the economy for establishing more than 99.2% of the business community. Managerial system models like quality management systems (QMS) are used for improving performance and promoting productivity to achieve organizational goals. Performance measurement (PM) is one of the principal functions of organizations to show to what extent the organization has achieved in their pre-designed strategies and goals. The outcome of this paper will provide detailed review of CSF for organizations to consider when implementing quality measurements in a framework approach based on an extensive review of PM literature within the various quality management systems adopted worldwide. Keywords: quality management, performance measurement, critical success factors, small and medium enterprise.


Recently, Peled and Yeshurun (1) investigated the possibility of calculating superresolution images from a set of spatially shifted, low-resolution images. Eight low-resolution images were acquired with an in-plane shift in phase encoding (PE) direction of 0, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 pixel, and the same PE-shifts with an additional shift of 1/2 pixel in the read direction. All images were acquired with the same field-of-view (FOV) and resolution. This means that the sampled positions in k-space are identical for all images, since the sampling positions in k-space are uniquely defined by the given FOV and resolution, and vice versa. Let us now consider an in-plane shift along the PE direction. As given by the Fourier-shift theorem a spatial shift in image space is equivalent to a linear phase modulation in k-space along the shift direction (2,3). The sampled positions in k-space do not depend on any in-plane shift along PE direction. As a result, the switched gradient patterns of all three axes as well as the applied RF-pulses are completely identical for any PE-shift. From this it follows immediately that the acquired k-space data is also totally identical, except for the noise and does not depend on the in-plane shift. The actual shift of the image is always done in a postprocessing step, either by multiplying the k-space data K(km,kn) with


The present study deals with the effect of activating flux and surface oxidation on micro structure, micro hardness and tensile strength of Tungsten Inert Gas welded 304 austenitic stainless steel plates. The thickness of the plate of 6.5 mm is considered for the investigation. The Tungsten Inert Gas welding is performed with 2.4mm diameter conical electrode tip profile with the surface condition of the plate as natural, oxidized and coated with an activating flux. Results have shown that the microstructure and mechanical properties are greatly influenced by activating flux and surface condition of plate. A-TIG welded plates give highest tensile strength when compared to TIG welded plates. Vickers micro hardness value is maximum nearer to the weld center on the cross section of the A-TIG butt weld joint.


A n initially slow-growing common B-cell malignancy with a variable clinical course, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents the most common hematological neoplasm in the developed world (Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013;27(2):173-206). Although many patients can survive with asymptomatic disease and require no therapy, some patients with CLL experience disease that rapidly progresses in spite of aggressive therapeutic intervention (Discov Med 2011;11(57):115-123). According to Gwen Nichols, MD, Chief Medical Officer of The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, recent advancements in next-generation sequencing have improved our clinical understanding of CLL, and the heterogeneity of the disease represents a key reason why research has shifted away from the one-size-fits-all approach and into a greater emphasis on targeted therapeutic agents. In addition to the growth of greater treatment understanding in CLL, new research continues to accumulate on the role of CLL genetics. Primarily due to its high prevalence and the ease of access to suitable study material, CLL is at the forefront of genomics and human tumor research. Novel sequencing technologies have facilitated greater understanding into the complexity of the disease and enabled identification of putative drivers behind tumor heterogeneity that direct CLL progression and treatment resistance.


Long weakly-nonlinear waves in a layered waveguide with an imperfect interface (soft bonding between the layers) can be modelled using coupled Boussinesq equations. Previously, we considered the case when the materials of the layers have close mechanical properties, and the system supports radiating solitary waves. Here we are concerned with a more challenging case, when the mechanical properties of the materials of the layers are significantly different, and the system supports wave packet solutions. We construct a weakly-nonlinear solution of the Cauchy problem for this system, considering the problem in the class of periodic functions on an interval of finite length. The solution is constructed for the deviation from the evolving mean value using a novel multiple-scales procedure involving fast characteristic variables and two slow time variables. By construction, the Ostrovsky equations emerging within the scope of this procedure are solved for initial conditions with zero mean while initial conditions for the original system may have non-zero mean values. Asymptotic validity of the solution is carefully examined numerically. We also discuss the application of the solution to the study of co-propagating waves generated by the solitary or cnoidal wave initial conditions, as well as the case of counter-propagating waves and the resulting wave interactions. One local and two nonlocal conservation laws ae obtained and used to control the accuracy of the numerical simulations. Submitted to: Nonlinearity ar X iv :2 10 2. 03 09 0v 1 [ m at h. A P] 5 F eb 2 02 1 On Coupled Boussinesq Equations and Ostrovsky equations free from zero-mass contradiction 2


ABSTRACT Gilbert (2000) examined the issue of collective intentionality in science. Her paper consisted of a conceptual analysis of the negative role of collective belief, consensus, and joint commitment in science, with a brief discussion of a case study investigated by Thagard (1998a, 1998b). I argue that Gilbert's concepts have to be refined to be empirically more relevant. Specifically, I distinguish between different kinds of joint commitments. I base my analysis on a close examination of Thagard's example, the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, and two other historical cases involving the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics and the Austrian school of economics. I also argue that it is difficult to fulfill the condition of common knowledge, even in Gilbert's weak sense. I conclude by raising serious doubts about the very possibility of a certain type of joint commitment, which I refer to as an implicit joint commitment.


Health and education service sector in India our wide range of service provides an end-to-end solution to all our needs in the education sector. Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and just not the non existence of disease or aliment. The expansion of both health and education sector have made the advancement of service sector. Fisher and Colin Clark have divided the economy into primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. Service sector activities include trade, commerce, transport, communication, hotel and restaurant, banking and finance, health and education, tourism, share market, film industry , insurance, astrology industry etc. India service sector accounts more than 50 per cent of India's Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P). There is a significant changes in sectoral contribution of each sector to india's GDP over a period of time. Share of other services and service sector in percent and the performance of growth rates of service sector and GDP. In the decades of year 1950-51 to 2010-11


Background: Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is increasingly used in intentional drug overdoses. Although acute olanzapine overdose is predominantly associated with anticholinergic symptoms and central nervous system depression, miosis and unpredictable fluctuations between somnolence/coma and agitation/aggression have been suggested as typical signs of olanzapine intoxication in single case reports. Aims: To confirm the suggestion that fluctuating central nervous system changes and miosis are characteristic signs of olanzapine intoxication. To estimate the dose‐response relationship as a guide for the provision of optimal management of olanzapine intoxicated patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all well‐documented cases of olanzapine intoxication reported to the Swiss Toxicological Information Centre between January 1997 and October 2001. Inclusion criteria for detailed analysis were patient age ≥ 16 yr, acute olanzapine monointoxication, ingested dose > 20 mg, and a causal relationship between olanzapine overdose and clinical effects. The Poisoning Severity Score of the European Association of Poison Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT) assessed the intoxication severity. Results: Out of a total of 131 cases of olanzapine overdose, 26 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The ingested olanzapine doses ranged from 30 to 840 mg. The most frequent findings were somnolence (77%), agitation (42%), and miosis (31%). The Poisoning Severity Score was "minor" in 14 (54%), "moderate" in 11 (42%), and "severe" in 1 (4%) patients. Nine patients (35% of all patients) with moderate olanzapine poisoning (120–840 mg) showed unpredictable fluctuations between somnolence and agitation. Five of these patients also demonstrated marked miosis. All patients recovered within 48h. One patient with severe poisoning (560 mg) had coma and convulsions. Moderate (and severe) symptoms occurred only at ingested doses above 120 mg. There was a statistically significant association between increasing ingested olanzapine doses and poisoning severity. Conclusions: Although olanzapine is tolerated relatively well in acute overdose, unpredictable and transient fluctuations between central nervous system depression and agitation, frequently associated with miosis, appear to be characteristic findings in moderate to high olanzapine overdoses. They are transient in nature and require careful clinical monitoring but rarely require specific therapeutic interventions.


This report shows that a patient with the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome had fewer clinical seizures and also fewer generalized bilateral spike and wave complexes over a 24-hour period while exposed to Mozart music (K.448) for 10 minutes every hour during wakefulness.


According to the ore-forming process of sand-type uranium ore associated coal measures,the adsorbing and complexing effects between low-rank coal of different oxidation degree and uranyl ion were studied by spectrophotometry in this paper.The results showed that the adsorbing effects were affected by many factors,such as coal oxidation degree,coal type,pH value of solution,environmental temperature and initial concentration of uranyl ion.The desorption experiment and FTIR analysis further demonstrated that the active functional groups in coal reacted with uranyl ions,and formed complexing and chemistry adsorption.Based on the above results,a new ore-forming process of sand-type uranium ore associated coal measures was proposed.


Using a qualitative case study of the Detroit water shutoffs from 2013 through 2015, I explore how a macro-level institutional and field change, the passage of the Human Right to Water and Sanitation at the United Nations in 2010, impacted micro-level actions and change. Several stages of change in the understandings, positions, and rules of the field at the local level are identified that are driven by informal opportunities for macro and micro actors to connect, termed field configuring interactions. Second, four novel mechanisms of change are identified to explain the process by which these micro-macro interactions impact field transitions: collective catharsis, moral catalysis, moral amplification, and potentiation. The findings of this research contribute to the emerging understanding of the multi-level interactions between actors across levels of the field by offering an in situ study of how individual actors and agents interact with macro actors to catalyze and amplify change. Issues of water scarc...


Home automation plays an important role in our daily life to control home appliances from a single touch or click. In this case, users are able to check home appliances from laptops, iPhone, iPod or other smart phone devices which supports to swap household appliances. Sensors are one of the mode important parts for smart home technology. Smart homes also help elderly people; they can handle the home with simplicity from their remote or smart device which is linked up to central device that is connected to home automation. Security is the main concern while maintains the smart homes, nowadays hackers don't need to travel to targeted homes, they can approach virtually to attack smart homes easily. In this paper, we propose a secure architecture for smart homes. We added a sicher firewall system between a central hub (LAN) that are linked to the cyberspace and other end that is connected to home appliances. In this way security threats become dejected and attackers are unable to reach home automation systems. A sicher firewall also protects system from internet threats. It generates a warning and protect system from external threats. Applying a sicher firewall, it enforces security system and increase security and concealment to smart homes. This experience will enhance user trustworthiness for using smart homes technology.


With Xianhuang road overpass of Xianyue road of Xiamen city as research object,through steel pipe Bailey bearer calculation and camber setting,analysis of bearer precompaction planning achievement,so as to finally guarantee steel pipe Bailey beam pillar bearer application was scientific,economic and feasible.


FF = 68 % et un rendement de conversion η = 8,3 %. Abstract — The atomisation or Spray technic has been used for silicon solar cell fabrication for terestrial use. N + P and N + PP + structures have been made with liquide doping sources: phosphorosilicafilm as phhosphorus (n + ) and borosilicafilm as boron sources (p + ). The dilution of the source in ethanol gives a variable composition of the doping solution. This permits to control the impurety surface concentration in the emitte and BSF. In consequence a large gap of reistivities is obtained by the four point probe measurement. After realising the N + P or N + PP structure the contacts ao each face of the wafer are made by serigraphy technic. The cells fabricated are electrically caracterised by measuring the spectral response and current-tension caracteristic under illumination. The performance obtained on cels of 10 cm of diameter are: short-circuit current density Jsc = 21.4 mA/cm 2 , open-circuit voltage Voc = 571 mV, fill factor FF = 68 % and conversion efficiency η = 8,3 %. Mots-cles: Silicium, Cellules solaires, Depot de spray, Sources dopantes liquides, Diffusion simultanee.


Based on statistical analysis of 156 double-ridges processes of West Pacific subtropical high from May to Oct. in 1979~2005, it is found in this paper that 87.82% of the double-ridges processes occur because a new ridge is born on the southern flank and there is distinct "seasonal phase-lock", i.e. there are two peaks in the occurring frequency during mid-Jul. and mid-Sep. The composite analysis of the most typical pattern of "born in south and existing in south" shows that the formation, maintenance and disappearance of this type of doubleridges processes have close relationship with propagation of the easterly waves from southeast to northwest on the periphery of the southern flank of subtropical high. The evolution of the anomalous circulation at 500 hPa shows weakening and disappearing of the ridge on the northern flank accords well with the climate laws. The anomalous cyclone before the trough of easterly waves affects only the position of the northern ridge, while the anomalous anticyclonic circulation behind the trough of easterly waves is favorable to the development and maintenance of southern ridge, therefore, the subtropical high is anomalously on the south when this type of double-ridges processes comes to end. It can be seen after further analysis that the interaction between easterly wave and West Pacific subtropical high changes the distribution of vertical motion in the subtropical high regions. On one hand, it changes the distribution of meridional wind, thus the geostrophic vortivity develops in the ridge region on the south of the subtropical high at 500 hPa. On the other hand, it causes inhomogeneous vertical distribution of diabetic heating, triggering the anomalous cyclonic circulation between two ridges and the anticyclonic circulation in the ridge region on the south. Therefore, the interaction between the easterly wave and West Pacific subtropical high may result in discontinuous retreat of the subtropical high to the south, which has ominous significance for the prediction of subtropical high.


This article examines the multiple, diverse renderings of the past that came to the fore in the Indian Ocean port city of Lamu at the groundbreaking of the Lamu Port, South Sudan, Ethiopia Transport and Economic Development Corridor (LAPSSET) project in 2012. This infrastructural project includes a megaport and a freight corridor that would make Lamu the Indian Ocean terminus for a rail-land bridge. In Lamu, the LAPSSET project produced anxieties and questions about the past, where different historical narratives—of belonging, sovereignty, and autochthony—bubbled up to the surface. Focusing on two groups in Lamu and the wider Swahili coast, the first a coalition of civil society organizations called Save Lamu and second, the Mombasa Republican Council, a secessionist group, this essay examines the resurgence of older modes of coastal nationalism or mwambao. This article argues that coastal nationalism enshrined notions of Indian Ocean belonging, where the "nation" was defined by the coast's history in the larger Indian Ocean rather than the Kenyan nation-state. These Indian Ocean imaginaries were at the center of cleavages between state and society when construction for LAPSSET began in 2012, gesturing to how sovereignty remains unsettled in coastal East Africa.


Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism; genotype DD or D allele may be involved with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). We examined the frequency of ACE gene polymorphism in 170 patients (85 type 2 diabetes with nephropathy and 85 without it) in Tehran, Iran. DNA was extracted from the white blood cells and the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene was detected by PCR. The frequency of DD, ID and II genotypes in type 2 diabetic patients were 20%, 61.2% and 18.8%, and in patients with nephropathy 30.6%, 55.3%, 14.1%, respectively. The DD genotype of the DN group was higher than that of the type 2 diabetes patients (30.6% vs 20%, P=0.157, RR=1.3) and the control group (30.6% vs 14.3%, P=0.006, RR=2.9). The frequency of D allele in nephropathic patients was 58.2% as compared to the type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy (50.5%) P=0.19, RR=1.16. The D allele frequency in the DN group was found slightly higher than of the type 2 diabetes (X 2 =0.684, OR=0.709, 95%CI: 0.313-1.606, P=0.408) which indicated the D allele was not associated with DN. It is suggested that DD genotype and D allele are not associated with diabetic nephropathy.


Abstract A simple capillary electrophoresis method is described for simultaneous determination of three methylxanthines, theophylline, dyphylline, and caffeine in human plasma. Plasma proteins are precipitated by acetonitrile and the supernatant was performed in Tris buffer (20 mM; pH 9) with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (150 mM) as an anionic surfactant. Several parameters affecting the separation of the drugs were studied, including the pH and concentrations of the Tris buffer and SDS. Application of the proposed method to the determination of theophylline and dyphylline in human plasma proved to be feasible. The practicability of the proposed method is demonstrated on a healthy volunteer.


The biodegradation of aniline is of a great concern and has attracted many researchers' attention. Because of its toxic and recalcitrant nature as well as the wide application of aniline containing chemicals, aniline is considered to be an increasing threat both to the environment and to human health. Microbial transformation and degradation are major mechanisms to eliminate aniline from the environment. Most of the microorganisms found in the nature, industrial and clinical environments are attached to a surface. The aim of this study is to synthesize new hybrid biocompatible materials, to investigate the obtained matrices for their ability to hold biofilm formation. It was report about comparison of the formation of biofilms from model gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas species 1625 onto different, newly synthesized hybrid carriers. Some kinetic investigations on aniline biodegradation applying obtained biofilms are also discussed.


The study investigated the relationship between maritime piracy and sea robbery on revenue generated in the Nigerian ports between 1995 and 2013. The study used secondary data sourced from the Nigerian ports authority, and the International Maritime Bureau (IMB) on the port revenue, levels of pirate attacks against ships in local; and global waters, level of cargo pilferages in ports and used for the study. It used multiple regression analysis method to analyze the dataset obtained using port revenue as the dependent variable while global attacks, local attacks and volume of cargo pilfered were used as independent variables. It was found that there is significant relationship between port revenue generated in the Nigerian ports and level of maritime piracy and sea robbery against ships in Nigeria waters. The result indicates that for every unit increase in pirate attacks against ships trading in global waters, revenue generated in the Nigerian ports increased by 60872.47 units. Similarly, for each unit increase in local attacks against ships in Nigerian waters, the revenue generated in the ports increased by 548297.8 units and for a unit increase in level of insecurity induced cargo pilferage in the seaports, port revenue decreases by 562,96 units. It was also found that this is a significant relationship between revenue generated in the ports and maritime piracy and sea robbery against ships in the maritime industry.


A wireless local area network (LAN) comprises an access point which transmits a beacon signal at 0 dBm. The detection threshold of the mobile unit is -65 dBm and thus the mobile unit is detected when located within 10 metres of the access point.


Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine correlations between the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Modified Barthel Index(MBI), Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Fugl-Meyer motor function Assessment(FMA) in persons with strokes. Methods: We recruited 77 stroke patients from the S...


In gas sweetening, acid gases such as CO 2 and/or H 2S are usually removed by "chemical" absorption through aqueous amine solutions such as N-Methylidethanolamine (MDEA) solution. Reliable prediction of equilibrium properties (vapor- liquid equilibrium and species distribution) is needed for a rigorous design of such absorption processes. Information on energy requirements can also be obtained from a reliable vaporliquid equilibrium thermodynamic model. The currently used methods for correlating/predicting the simultaneous solubility of H 2S and CO 2 in aqueous MDEA solutions require accurate experimental solubility data of single and mixed gases, which, in general, confine their applicability in the experimental region. The purpose of this study is to develop a new theoretical thermodynamic model based on incorporating thermodynamic relationships that correlates the equilibrium and solubility constants to the Gibbs free energy of reaction, leading to an enhanced predictive capability of the model. In this work the Pitzer model is used to account for activity and specific ion interactive forces. This will allow to take into account the effect of the presence of all cations and anions such as thermally stable salts, dissolved organic species and amine degradation products that are usually encountered in absorption units. The suggested model can be a very powerful tool that could be of significant importance in the design of amine absorption processes as well as in simulations of the operating variables for optimization of gas sweetening systems.


In order to establish a new cotton genetic transformation system,GhDAHPS gene from cotton,which was demonstrated to be related with verticillium wilt resistance,was tried to introduce into cotton via particle bombardment using embryonic tip explants.The results showed that 90 out of 309 embryonic tips were obtained after kanamycin selection culture,these resistant plants was further tested by PCR analysis,5 out of 90 transformed plants were PCR positive,PCR positive rate was 1.6%.This study showed that the method of cotton mature seed embryonic tip as transformation receptors was certainly feasible.Compared with other transformation methods,it has some advantages such as simple operation steps,more quickly growth of the transformed seedlings and more efficient transformation cycle.


By using a quantum Hamiltonian system with classically chaotic dynamics, we demonstrate that it is possible to propagate waves, at a semiclassical level, for extremely long times of the order of the Heisenberg time. We achieve this unexpected result with a new formula that evaluates the autocorrelation function of a quantum state living in the neighborhood of a short periodic orbit, the so-called resonance, in terms of the set of homoclinic orbits; this set is given by the intersection of the stable and unstable manifolds of the periodic orbit. Here we study the manifolds of the shortest periodic orbit of the hyperbola billiard (a chaotic Hamiltonian system), finding a surprisingly simple tree structure. Then, we compute a complete set consisting of the first 18 146 homoclinic orbits, and by using this data we analyze the convergence of the new formula. Finally, we compare the quantum and semiclassical autocorrelation of resonances up to the Heisenberg time, obtaining a relative error O(ℏ) in correspondence with semiclassical predictions.


We thank Eshraghian and Eshraghian for their interest in our article. It has been recognized worldwide that autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and its extrapancreatic lesions are organs clinically involved in an IgG4-related systemic disease (1, 2). In some patients, only 1 or 2 organs are clinically involved, while in others, 3 or 4 organs are affected synchronously or metachronously. In our series, 9 AIP patients had 16 preceding extrapancreatic lesions (3). Eshraghian and Eshraghian called in question whether these preceding extrapancreatic lesions are indications for steroid therapy to prevent AIP or not. Although the natural history and long-term outcome of AIP remain unclear, some AIP patients improve spontaneously (4). On the other hand, the relapse rate of AIP is reported to be 10% to 53% in patients treated with steroids, and 28% to 35% in those without steroid therapy (4). Remission can be obtained with an increased dose of steroid in most relapsed AIP, but longer maintenance steroid therapy is necessary to prevent repeated relapse in these cases (5). In addition, it is unknown what percentage of patients with IgG 4-related disease without pancreatic involvement will develop AIP. It had been reported that only 17% of patients with sclerosing sialadenitis (Mikulicz's disease) were complicated by AIP (6). In Japanese consensus guideline for the management of AIP, the indications for steroid therapy in AIP patients are symptoms such as obstructive jaundice, and symptomatic extrapancreatic lesions (4). As patients with IgG4-related sclerosing disease are typically elderly and are at high risk of developing steroid-related complications, such as osteoporosis, pneumonia, and diabetes mellitus, steroid should not be administered easily for patients without adverse clinical manifestations.


A new report reveals characteristics of successful patient experience initiatives and illustrates how a strong and unified approach can impact the entire organization.