From 24 various Schools of Palakkad, Ottapalam, Trissur and Cochin Districts in Kerala, 432 School Teachers were screened using Case Study Schedule (2009), Occupational Stress Index (Srivastava and Singh, 1981), Novaco Anger Inventory Short Form (Novaco, 1994) and Mangal Teacher Adjustment Inventory Short Form (Mangal, 1971), out of which 200 School Teachers with High Stress / High Anger / Low Adjustment were selected as the sample. Hundred School Teachers were randomly assigned to Experimental Group and hundred to Control Group. The psychological intervention called, Positive Therapy (Hemalatha, 2004) was given to all the School Teachers in the Experimental Group. All the four strategies of Positive Therapy namely, Relaxation Therapy, Counselling, Exercises and Behavioural Assignments were applied. Positive Therapy was given thrice a week, on alternate days, for two weeks. The duration of each session was one hour. Initially, the entire School Teachers had 'High' Stress. But after the administration of Positive Therapy, for 2 weeks, the stress level was reduced to 'Moderate' level. There was a significant decline in the mean stress from 'High' to 'Moderate' level, proving the efficacy of Positive Therapy in the management of stress. The anger level got reduced due to the effect of Positive Therapy among the Experimental Group School Teachers. The adjustment among the School Teachers was also successfully achieved due to the effect of Positive Therapy and it further helped the School Teachers to overcome their problems and to face it boldly and successfully.


Tacitus' Annals give intriguing turns to the motion important in historiography. The emperors in Rome or Italy do not move much, by contrast with warfare at the edges of empire. This absence of substantial motion is pointed, and opposed both to subtle motion at the centre, and to the metaphorical motion (motus) of political upheavals. Mental motion is important too. Motion helps display the range of the Annals: a range seen not just in material but in the fullness of treatment. Close treatment is especially significant in the treatment of death. Tacitus' language of motion (compound verbs etc.) shows his interest in precision and in grasping attention. Among the passages are a Roman legion recovering the plot under Germanicus, the Roman people prostrate outside Sejanus' country house, scary British women, fire in strange and monstrous motion, the comings and goings around Tiberius' fluctuating health, the wild movements at and after Messalina's party. The passages show the satisfactory organization of military narrative and the political collapse of Roman structures; they explore barbarian gender, inanimate nature, pointedly different scales and levels of motion, motion for itself and with a desperate purpose. The treatment of group motion is more important than in Ovid, more complex than in Homer (so defeated Germani, or the return of Germanicus' widow). Structures of power are scrutinized through motion (so Mithridates of Armenia or Nero's mother). Detail is lively (as on climbing trees); the voice of the narrator, that central character, guides the reader's responses with complex cohesion.


Updating a Classic: Assortment Optimization under the Multi-Purchase MNL Model In the paper "Updating a Classic: Assortment Optimization under the Multi-Purchase MNL Model," our primary contribution resides in proposing the first multi-purchase choice model that can be fully operationalized. Our main algorithmic results consist of two distinct polynomial time approximation schemes (PTAS); the first, and simpler of the two, caters to a setting where each customer may buy only a constant number of products, whereas the second, more nuanced algorithm applies to our multi-purchase model in its general form. Additionally, we study the revenue potential of making assortment decisions that account for multi-purchase behavior in comparison with those that overlook this phenomenon. In particular, we relate both the structure and revenue performance of the optimal assortment under a traditional single-purchase model to that of the optimal assortment in the multi-purchase setting.


In this paper, we establish the singular Moser-Trudinger inequality with exact growth condition. We prove that there exists a positive constant Cn such that ∫ Rn Φ(αn(1− t n )|u| n n−1 ) |x|t (1+ |u|) n n−1 dx Cn ∫


Endophytes are a rich source for structurally complex chemical scaffolds with interesting biological activities. Endophytes associated with Brugmansia aurea L. (family: Solanaceae), a medicinal plant, have not yet explored for the bioactive metabolites.


ABSTRACT This publication presents, analyses and compares the areas of the power fields of energy losses occurring in the elements of two hydraulic systems with different structures of the hydraulic linear motor speed control.


Agricultural tax is the most important taxation source in Sui and Tang Dynasties. It has undergone a great change from head tax(Zu-Yong-Diao System) to single asset tax(Two-Tax-Law), with a high degree of dispersion, Its sources and uses of taxation have the characteristics of the times. Due to the development of the commodity monetary economy, In the late of Tang Dynasty, while the monopoly income has increased significantly, the business tax has increased.It has a direct impact on the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, which business tax in the name of "passing tax" and "residential tax" is one of the important taxation sources. The taxation of Sui and Tang Dynasties was mainly used for salaries of government officials, Military expenditure, national fiscal reserve and meet the extravagant spending of the ruling elite, presents a high concentration, very little money was spent on relief, water conservancy and transportation.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of psychiatric nursing course on students' attitudes towards mental illnesses, perceptions of psychiatric nursing and career choices. Material and Methods: The study was one-group pre-test post-test design. Measurements were repeated three times; before and after the theorical course and after the clinical practice. The study was performed in the school of nursing. The study sample consisted of 74 third-year nursing students. For data collection, the Beliefs toward Mental Illness Scale, Psychiatric Nursing Perception Scale and career choices list were used. Results: It was determined that the students' negative attitudes towards mental illnesses and negative perceptions of psychiatric nursing decreased significantly after the course. Negative attitudes towards mental illness and perceptions of psychiatric nursing changed positively after the theoretical course and clinical practice. While the number of those who placed psychiatric among their first three career choices prior to the course was 21 (28.4%), it increased to 31 (41%) after the theoretical course and clinical measurements. Conclusion: In this study, it is concluded that psychiatric nursing curricula include topics and programs that will create awareness in students regarding stigmatization towards mental illnesses and its effects. It is recommended to conduct longitudinal studies investigating students' beliefs towards mental illnesses, perceptions of psychiatric nursing training, and career choices from the very first year of their nursing education.


The paper presents a gradient enhanced model dealing with nonlocal phenomena driven by the ductile damage in semicrystalline polymers that exhibit rate-dependent and rate-independent mechanisms. The study aims at capturing the material localization at high damage levels. To this end, a viscoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model is formulated considering a gradient enhanced thermodynamic potential, function of local and nonlocal state variables. The model is based on two different options for the nonlocal state variable: the first option considers nonlocal damage scalar, while the second considers nonlocal hardening state variable. An appropriate user defined material subroutine is developed so as to define and to update the stress, the state variables, and the associated tangent moduli towards finite element structural computations. The analogy between the steady-state heat equation and the nonlocal gradient enhanced relation enables coupling the displacement and nonlocal fields within a finite element package code (i.e., ABAQUS). Structural analyses for polyamide 66 (PA66) material are presented to assess the efficiency of the developed nonlocal model. This research work demonstrates that the model is able to capture efficiently the ductile damage localization and simulate the related fields when using the nonlocal hardening or damage state variable. This study for the first time combines viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, and damage with nonlocal approaches, and can be considered as an initial step towards developing a constitutive formulation towards multiscale analyses for polymer-based composites.


In this paper, we develop an iterative maximum likelihood (ML) receiver for generalized spatial modulation systems. In the proposed ML receiver, to mitigate the deleterious effect of channel information errors on symbol detection, the instantaneous covariance matrix of effective noise is estimated, which is then used to obtain improved ML solutions. The estimated covariance matrix is updated through multiple iterations to enhance the estimation accuracy. The simulation results show that the proposed ML receiver outperforms the conventional ML detection scheme, which does not take the effect of channel information errors into account.


The paper written by Simon Duffy, Director of the Centre for Welfare Reform, John Waters, of In Control and HSMC's Professor Jon Glasby, introduces the concept of personal budgets as 'Conditional Resource Entitlements' (CREs) - a means of targeting resources towards those who are eligible, but with specific conditions attached. The authors suggest personal budgets, if framed as a form of CRE, can form part of a wider strategy for welfare reform which places emphasis on promoting citizenship and personal responsibility.


We use recent unconditional quantile regression methods (UQR) to study the distributive eects of education in Argentina. Standard methods usually focus on mean effects, or explore distributive effects by either making stringent modeling assumptions, and/or through counterfactual decompositions that require several temporal observations. An empirical case shows the exibility and usefulness of UQR methods. Our application for the case of Argentina shows that education contributed positively to increased inequality in Argentina, mostly due to the effect of strongly heterogeneous effects of education on earnings.


Objective To explore the causes of self-injurious motivation of university students. Methods A questionnaire survey was performed with self-designed questionnaire table of causes of self-injurious motivation of university students and EPQ(Adult). Results The influencing factors of self-injurious motivation of university students included objective and subjective reasons.The students with self-injurious motivation had an introversion trend and quite high anxious,and were unripe in way of countermove. Conclusions To solve the problem of self-injurious motivation of university students,we should establish a harmonious society and perfect campus,and also a perfect surroundings of mentality for the training of good personality.


Fuel cells offer the possibility of zero-emissions electricity generation and increased energy security. We review here the current status of solid oxide (SOFC) and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEMFC) fuel cells. Such solid electrolyte systems obviate the need to contain corrosive liquids and are thus preferred by many developers over alkali, phosphoric acid or molten carbonate fuel cells. Dramatic improvements in power densities have been achieved in both SOFC and PEMFC systems through reduction of the electrolyte thickness and architectural control of the composite electrodes. Current efforts are aimed at reducing SOFC costs by lowering operating temperatures to 500–800 ° C, and reducing PEMFC system complexity be developing 'water-free' membranes which can also be operated at temperatures slightly above 100 ° C.


A precision microprocessor-based multislope A/D converter has been designed. It has easily reconfigurable input circuitry that can be used to suit different applications. A low-cost design is presented which attains 16-bit resolution with drift and gain variations as low as 8 p.p.m./ degrees C. The converter is based on the MC6303 microcontroller and is part of a precise five-channel panel thermometer (thermocouple inputs), designed for industrial applications. It is self-contained and equipped with linearizing software and asynchronous communication channel for easy transfer of data to PCs. The analog circuitry of the converter is described in detail, together with the algorithm for correction of errors due to limitations of analog components.<<ETX>>


Erin Runions reviews S. Brent Plate's Walter Benjamin, Religion, and Aesthetics: Rethinking Religion Through the Arts (New York: Routledge, 2005).


In the first half of FY19, ECBs touched a high of $25.17 billion in the April – September period, which was 53 per cent higher than the $16.48 billion raised by Indian entities in the same period last year; it was $42 billion for FY19. Taking Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) as a case point, the researchers analysed the advantages of borrowing by a firm through an ECB and its impact on the company's net profit and shareholder's returns vis-à-vis borrowing the same money through a premium domestic public sector bank. The analysis of the loan of $300 million (`13.8 billion) taken as an ECB against being borrowed domestically through a strong public sector bank showed that it was beneficial for the firm to borrow due to differential interest rates through an ECB. Thus, the rationale that interest rate differential between rates charged for ECB and borrowing within the domestic boundaries of a county influences ECBs and that firms should hedge a minimum specified percentage of their currency exposure while borrowing through ECBs holds true.


Ł. Kwiatkowski. Markov Switching in Stochastic Variance. Bayesian Comparison of Two Simple Models. Folia Oeconomica Cracoviensia 2008-2009, 49-50: 109-143. In the paper tw o particular M arkov Sw itching Stochastic Volatility m odels (M SSV) are under consideration: one with a sw itching intercept in the Iog-volatility equation, and the other — with a regim e-dependent autoregression parameter. W hile the form er one is fairly com m on in the literature (as a tool of taking account for regim es of different m ean volatility level), the latter has not been paid almost any attention so far. We note the fact, that state-varying mean volatility m ay arise from sw itches in the intercept or in the autoregression param eter. Hence, w e aim to com pare these tw o m odels in respect of goodness of fit to the data from the Polish financial m arket, em ploying Bayesian techniques of estim ation and m odel com pa rison. Clear evidence of structural shifts in the volatility pattern is found. Two different re gimes of the econom y are characterized in term s of the m ean volatility level and the varian ce of volatility.


In the upper Miocene-Pliocene post-rift phase of the evolution of the Pannonian basin, several interconnected interior sags developed accompanying the thermal cooling of the lithosphere. In the Hungarian part of the these interior sags, commercial scale oil and gas production began in 1937. More than 6,500 wells were drilled, equivalent to a total of 13 million m combined footage. In the last few years, several areas in the Pannonian basin were subjected to more detailed and modern exploration than in previous years. Both up-to-date seismic reflection profiling and detailed sedimentological and geochemical analysis guided the drilling of several deep (more than 4,000 m) holes. Geochemical modeling of source rock maturation indicates that the Paleozoic-Mesozoic rocks reached the oil window in the Neogene, and these add to the already known Neogene-age hydrocarbon resource potential of the Pannonian basin. Furthermore, seismic stratigraphic interpretations revealed the characteristics of prodelta-delta plain sequences in the Neogene fill, that also have source rocks associated with them. The presentation, using seismic profiles and paleogeographic maps, will introduce and discuss the Neogene structural-stratigraphic evolution of the Pannonian Basin in regard to source rocks reservoirs, seals, and traps. Modeling generation and migration of hydrocarbons was used to rank themore » seismically identified structural and stratigraphic prospects. Using these new approaches and models, new exploration targets have emerged in the Pannonian basin that may be explored for many more years.« less


Abstract : This highly selective bibliography was prepared for use at the Seventh Military History Symposium on 'The American Military on the Frontier' held at the United States Air Force Academy, 30 September -1 October 1976, and for cadets enrolled in History 495.


This paper suggests constructive approaches to measuring the health of older Americans. It 1st reviews the importance of the topic reviews the strengths and weaknesses of traditional indicators of health suggests criteria for appropriate health indicators for older Americans and proposes specific alternative health indicators for older people during the remaining years of the century. For many years mortality statistics have carried the burden as the major indicator of health because they are record-based have 100% coverage are an individual longitudinal indicator remain an irreversible state are judgement-free and are augmented by specific cause-of-death information. Morbidity patterns historically have been useful adjuncts to mortality statistics and have proved to be another sensitive gauge of the health of certain populations. The 3rd traditional health indicator is disability. 5 criteria for appropriate health indicators for an aging population include 1) a longitudinal panel study design 2) a large and representative sample of Americans aged 55 and over 3) self-reported health information as well as physical examinations and laboratory data 4) data merging of large national samples and 5) the development of composite indicators that supplement single items and examine an individuals patterns over time rather than at just 1 point time. The information from this national statistical effort can enable the nation to monitor the health status of our aging population to set health goals for our elders and to chart our progress toward these goals.


Objectives:  In able‐bodied participants, it is possible to induce a sense of perceptual embodiment in an artificial hand using a visual‐tactile illusion. In amputee patients, electrical stimulation of sensory afferents using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been shown to generate somatic sensations in an amputee's phantom limb(s). However, the effects of TENS on the perceptual embodiment of an artificial limb are not known. Our objective was to investigate the effects of TENS on the perceptual embodiment of an artificial limb in fully intact able‐bodied participants.


Objective
To explore the correlation of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) polymorphisms (Arg16Gly) with the prognosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) complicated with other autoimmune diseases.

Methods
Among the 75 MG patients in analysis, 17 cases were complicated with other autoimmune diseases (AIDMG), 58 cases without other autoimmune diseases (NAIDMG). MG patients, AIDMG patients, NAIDMG patients were separately divided into recurrence groups and non-recurrence groups according to the progression at 2 years after onset. The genotypes of β2-AR in 75 MG patients were determined by gene sequecing.

Results
The frequencies of three genotypes (Arg/Arg, Arg/Gly and Gly/Gly) in position 16 were 30.8%, 50.0%, 19.2% in recurrence MG group and 42.9%, 38.8%, 18.3% in non-recurrence MG group respectively. The difference in distribution of the genotypes between recurrence MG group and non-recurrence MG group was not statistically significant (χ2=1.150, P=0.563). The frequencies of Arg and Gly allele were 55.8% and 44.2% in recurrence MG group, and 62.2% and 37.8% in non-recurrence MG group. The difference in distribution of the alleles between the two groups was not statistically significant. The frequencies of 3 genotypes in position 16 were 27.3%, 63.6% and 9.1% in recurrence AIDMG group and 100.0%, 0, 0 in non-recurrence AIDMG group, respectively. The frequencies of Arg and Gly allele were 59.1%, 40.9% in recurrence AIDMG group, and 100.0%, 0 in non-recurrence AIDMG group. The difference in distribution of the genotypes between recurrence AIDMG group and non-recurrence AIDMG group was statistically significant (P=0.009). There also was significant difference in distribution of alleles between recurrence and non-recurrence AIDMG groups (χ2=6.676, P=0.010). The frequencies of 3 genotypes in position 16 were 33.3%, 40.0% and 26.7% in recurrence NAIDMG group and 34.9%, 44.2%, 20.9% in non-recurrence NAIDMG group, respectively. The frequencies of Arg and Gly allele were 53.3%, 46.7% in recurrence NAIDMG group, and 57.0%, 43.0% in non-recurrence NAIDMG group. There was no significant difference in distribution of genotypes or alleles between recurrence and non-recurrence NAIDMG groups.

Conclusion
β2-AR gene polymorphism in position 16 may predict the prognosis of AIDMG, and there is no correlation between the polymorphism in position 16 of β2-AR and the prognosis of MG and NAIDMG.

Key words:
Myasthenia gravis; Receptors, adrenergic, beta-2; Polymorphism, genetic; Autoimmune diseases; Prognosis


Abstract:Ernest Hemingway arrived in Paris with his first wife, Hadley, in the winter of 1921. Soon after, he befriended several influential expatriate writers and artists including Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. However, he did not nurture these relationships; instead he had a knack for destroying them. But there was one friendship that lasted forty years: his relationship with Shakespeare and Company bookshop owner Sylvia Beach. This essay explores why Sylvia Beach was so important to Ernest Hemingway, supporting all of his works, and never judging him when he moved on to another wife. In addition, this examination reveals why Hemingway reciprocated in their relationship— an atypical action for the author from Oak Park, Illinois.


The probability of failure on demand (PFD) is an important performance index to evaluate the reliability of safety instrumented systems (SIS) and determine their safety integrity level. In practice, some failure processes and repair processes in the SIS have a non-exponential distribution in nature. A SIS with non-exponential distributions can be described by a semi-Markov model. This paper aims to provide an overview of current developments in the evaluation of the PFD for SIS described by a semi-Markov model. Different approaches to calculate the PFD are compared in terms of accuracy of calculation results, computational efforts, and required pre-knowledge. Finally, a numerical example illustrates the application, advantages and disadvantages of each approach.


A.Pushpalatha et al [11] introduced the concept of *-g-closed set in topological spaces. S.Eswaran and A.Pushpalatha [6] introduced and studied the properties of *-generalized continuous maps and *-gc-irresolute maps in topological spaces. In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of maps called -generalized open maps and the notion of generalized homeomorphism and -gchomeomorphism in topological spaces. General Terms 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 54A05.


Abstract : The problem examined is the case of the simple two-alternative decision in which it is allowable to defer decision until further observations have been made. Given the costs of making errors and the cost of deferring a decision, the problem is to determine a course of action which will minimize the expected losses. An iterative algorithm is presented for calculation of decision points. The existence of decision points is proved by proving convergence for the algorithm. Results for Gaussian distributions run on the IBM 704 are included. For the parameters examined it is shown that the decision points converge within four deferrals. (Author)


Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit that affects almost all teenagers. As the understanding of the structure and function of the epidermal barrier has evolved over the past several years, skin barrier function contributes to a range of inflammatory dermatoses that included acne. In acne, even impaired barrier function plays an important role in its pathogenesis, it is also well known that some of the treatments we use, such as topical or oral retinoids, make the problem even worse. Striking delicate balance between maintaining the skin barrier and controlling oiliness has always been a challenge when treating acne. and it necessitates a unique set of ingredients and formulation. The possibility of comedogenicity and irritancy of facial skin care products has been well documented. These ingredients fall into several chemical classes and certain generalizations can be deduced: (1) medium-chain-length fatty acids are more potent than short- or long-chain fatty acids in producing follicular keratosis, (2) the comedogenicity and irritancy of an organic material can be reduced by combining the molecule with a polar sugar or a heavy metal, (3) increasing the degree of ethoxylation in a molecule tends reduce the comedogenicity and irritancy of the chemical, and (4) the lower chain lipids, i.e., waxes, appear too large to produce a reaction. Skin care products are recognized by dermatologists as critical adjunctive therapeutic modalities for patients suffering from acne. Adjunctive therapy with moisturizers, particularly ceramide-containing moisturizers, might be considered in acne-treated patients. The skin care regimen used in several articles included washes, moisturizers and photoprotective cosmetics, all of which contain ingredients that are included to provide benefits for acne-prone and acne-affected skin. Currently lots of moisturizers claim to be suitable for acne treatment. Most of the products have anti-inflammatory properties, apart from occlusive, humectants, and emollient effects and anti-acne medications, including salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and retinol. Some products contain dimethicone and/or glycerin for its moisturizer property. Aloe vera and witch hazel are botanical anti-inflammatory ingredients that were commonly found. Optimal management of acne requires incorporation of several components including patient education, selection of a rational therapeutic regimen, dedicated adherence with the program by the patient, and integration of proper skin care. Proper skin care may reduce potential irritation that can be associated with topical acne medications and prevents the patient from unknowingly using skin care products that can actually interrupt their treatment.


The success of the Robot Operating System (ROS) and the advance of open source ideas have radically changed and improved the experience of sharing software among members of the robotics community. Yet the lack of a suitable workflow for continuous integration and verification in robotics represents a significant obstacle to developing software that can be run by independent users for testing and reusing purposes.


The increasing deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) and microgrids benefits power grids by improving system resilience. In a resilience mode without the utility system, the distribution grid relies on DERs to serve critical load. In such a severe event with multiple faults on the distribution feeders, actuation of various protective devices (PDs) divides the distribution system into electrical islands. The undetected actuated PDs due to fault current contributions from DERs can delay the restoration process, thereby reducing the system resilience. In this paper, algorithms are proposed for outage management and feeder restoration for distribution systems with multiple DERs. The Advanced Outage Management (AOM) identifies the faulted sections and actuated PDs in a distribution system with DERs by incorporating smart meter data. The Advanced Feeder Restoration (AFR) is proposed to restore a distribution system with available energy resources taking into consideration the availability of utility sources and DERs as well as the feeder configuration. By partitioning the system into islands, critical load will be served with the available generation resources within islands. When the utility systems become available, the optimal path will be determined to reconnect these islands back to substations and restore the remaining load. The proposed method has been validated with modified IEEE 123-Bus and 8500-Node Test Feeders. Simulation results demonstrate the capability of the integrated AOM and AFR to enhance distribution system resilience.


The article is devoted to the identification, ranking and quantitative analysis of the risks that affect the quality of calibration work in the calibration laboratory. The paper used the brainstorming technique, the Ishikawa chart, and the ranking method for research. The results are represented by the Pareto chart. The ranked list was compiled based on the statistical data of the calibration laboratory. The ranked list was used as assessment criteria of risk.


This comprehensive work seeks to lighten the burden of, first, today's students who surely need improvement in the basics of writing and, second, today's business communication teachers who are usually overworked with large classes and too much grading. Because this specialized writing text is readable, teachable, learnable, thorough, and authoritative, it meets these two general goals. Lesikar's Basic Business Communication is impressive, striking, and new-but not entirely new, for it is somewhat indebted to his two earlier Irwin . texts, namely, Business Communication : Theory and Application (third edition, 1976) and Report Writing for Business (fifth edition, 1977). First, this book is readable. Lesikar follows his own advice and writes &dquo;in plain, everyday English to the best of my ability.&dquo; Conventional measures such as Gunning and Flesch confirm high readability. The sincere you-viewpoint and the success-conscious tone should not go unnoticed by beginning business communication students.


We present a theoretical treatment of the multiple-ionization by light projectiles, which is valid in an extended energy range (from near threshold to the keV region). It covers the direct ionization and the post- collisional electron emission, and takes into account charge and mass effects: projectile trajectory, finite momentum transferred, energy threshold. Our results for positron and electron-impact on Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe, are compared with a detailed compilation of experimental data of multiple and of total ionization cross sections. These values and previous ones for antiproton and proton-impact let us to present an extended picture of the particle-antiparticle multiple-ionization.


The article discusses several art fairs taking place in Los Angeles, California, in fall 2011 including Art Platform - Los Angeles, PULSE LA and Art Los Angeles Contemporary.


Passive acoustics can be used to characterize the ocean bottom in a littoral environment. Ocean surface-wave noise acts as a natural directional source that can be measured to obtain bottom loss and subsequently inverted to obtain bottom density, sound speed, attenuation, and layering structure. A physical ocean surface noise model is introduced and its horizontal/vertical spatial cross-correlations discussed. Acoustical energy conservation and its relation to bottom loss are discussed. The measurement method is a continuation of the ambient noise inversion work of [J. I. Arvelo, Jr., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123, 679-686 (2008)]. Aggressive adaptive beamforming is used for high-resolution bottom loss measurements with surface-wave noise as a source. Ambient noise measurements with an eight-element wire polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) vertical line array (VLA) mounted in the bow of a Littoral Glider (LG) are presented. Results from summer 2008 measurements in Port Madison, Washington are presented and compared ...


OBJECTIVE To observe the bone histomorphology effect of Qiangguyin on collum femur of ovariectomized rats.METHODS Sixty femal SD rats,weight 230-280 gram,were divided into three groups randomly: Qiangguyin group(treatment group)、Miacalcic group(contrast group) and control group.All rats were ovariectomized.After 10 weeks,the osteoporosis model succeed,the treatment group、contrast group were given Qiangguyin,Miacalcic,respectively.The treatment group used Qiangguyin everyday,1 mL·g-1.The contrast group was hypodermic injected with Miacalcic 0.72 u·kg-1,everyday.And 1.5,3,4.5,6 months after the treatment,5 rats were killed.The neck of femurs were cut and stined with Masson Golder Trichrome for bone histomorphomemetry analysis. RESULTS Compared with contrast group,BV/TV of rats in treatment group in 1.5,3 month had statistical significance.Compared with control group,Tb.sp,BV/TV,Tb.Th had statistical significance too.After 4.5 month Tb.Th of treatment group had statistical significance compared with contrast group.Given the medicine 6 month,Tb.sp,Tb.Th both had statistical significance compared with contrast group.CONCLUSION Giangguyin can effectively improve the histomorphometry index,probably by stimulating osteogenesis and inhibiting the cytoactive of osteoclast and trend of the high bone transform.


Approximately 200 mg of fin tissue from each specimen was cut into pieces and treated with a gradient of ethanol (65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%) and then DNA was extracted from formalin fish fin tissues. Agarose gel visualization of the DNA confirmed DNA extracted. MtDNA cyt b gene banding pattern of samples with agarose gel was clearly visible and could be used to be sequenced. In terms of DNA purity, the 260/280 ratio of 87.5% samples ranged between 1.8 and 2.0, indicating that DNA of the majority of the samples was pure. The developed DNA extraction procedure from formalin fish fin tissues by pretreatment with a gradient of ethanol system will be a useful tool to study the genetic structure and phylogenesis of endangered fish, by specimens preserved formalin-fixed in museum and herbarium.


Close to one-quarter of the U.S. population is an immigrant or the child of an immigrant. This editorial outlines how chemistry educators have the opportunity to address this new group in four important ways: (i) by considering pedagogical, systematic, and content responses to working with immigrant students; (ii) educating for international connections; (iii) including new countries and cultures in educational content; and (iv) working with undocumented students.


Two-dimensional (2D) metal-free half-metals, the embodiment of abundance ability and intrinsic completely spin-polarization, have attracted increasing interest in the fields of both scientific and technological aspects recently. Based on first-principles, we demonstrate that the metal-free honeycomb lattice of stoichiometry AsN2 exhibits unique electronic structure that results in the complete polarization of p-orbitals at the Fermi level, leading to intrinsic half-metallic behavior. In addition, the AsN2-based spin valve is evaluated by quantum transport simulations, which shows 100% magnetoresistance. Moreover, we find that this ferromagnetism is robust against various perturbations, including strain, carrier doping, electric field, and substrate. These findings provide important foundation for the future spintronics investigations and applications.


In longitudinal studies a series of examinations are made of panels of subjects. Each "exam" represents the sampling of information at fixed times from a continuous time stochastic process. The temporal "density" of measurement determines how well the discrete time model, lbr which parameters are estimated, represents the underlying process. Since measurement is at fixed times there is missing data on the continuous process. Whether that missing data causes bias, and affects the "embeddability" of the discretetime-mea~sured-process in the continuous process, depends on the time between measurements, and whether it exceeds the Nyquist interval. That is., how much spectral energy (mean-square frequency amplitude) lies out side of the bandwidth implied by the Nyquist interval. This in turn depends on the time spent in measurement, and the rate at which the continuous time process generates events. We consider the nature of information lost during a data collection period vs. that lost ()utside of data collection periods. Each panel member is available for measurement only in specific field survey periods which do not overlap in time. Thus, data in a panel is nonsystematically missing before and after data collection periods. It is systematically missing if the respondent dies during the field survey period before assessment. The proposed model identifies parameters describing a.) individuals, b.) variables, and c.) the time trajectories of both. An example using the 1982, 1984, and 1989 NLTCS is provided. INTRODUCTION Fuzzy sets models can be used as a general non-parametric estimation strategy (no specific distributional assumptions are made) with the consistent estimation of individual scores (incidental parameters) is made possible by the geometric properties of the probability space defining fl~e solution. With this general form, it is possible to specify models of temporal processes where individuals have their own identifiable trajectories. The identification of individual trajectories depends upon the density of measurements over time, the number of distinct variables measured, and the period of time during which observations are gathered. Censoring events occurring during the data collection period precludes measurements of the covariates and hence are more problematic than those occurring between measurement intervals. This is because the updating (and thus "completeness") of state information is not directly affected when "censoring" occurs outside of data collection periods. We present a modification of a fuzzy set model to provide estimates of individual trajectories and to identify the effect of censoring on groups of persons within a data collection period. THE MODEL Fuzzy set models can be viewed as generalizations of statistical procedures used to analyze multiple discrete variables. For example, log-linear models are used to describe multi-way contingency tables (Bishop et al., 1975). In those models the cell probabilities, ~'jt, for J variables, each with Lj>2 categories, are estimated. If there are multiple independent populations then this is manifested by there being K independent sets of parameters Lkj l. Alternately, the K independent populations may be represented by defining a population indicator variable, gik, for each individual. The gik is 1.0 if a person is in the kth population and 0.0 otherwise. The gik, in loglinear models, is assumed observed and measured without error. One generalization of contingency table procedures is to assume that the K independent populations are unobserved (or that there is sufficient noise in the gik s such that groups cannot be directly identified). In this case whether a


A prospective, double-blind clinical study was performed to evaluate the combination of dipyridamole(Persantin)225 mg/day and acetyl salicyclic acid (ASA) 1 g/day prophylaxis of post-operative venous thromboembolism in elective total hip replacement. Patients were stratified according to age, and randomly assigned to receive drug or placebo. All patients were followed with 125I-labelledfibrinogen scanning for one week post-operatively, or until fully mobile. Venography was performed in 67/129 patients; in 27 patients the venogram was obtained to confirm a positive fibrinogen scan, in 40 patients an elective venogram was obtained on the 7th post-operative day to evaluate the operated thigh (a blind area for scanning). Thrombosis (by scan or venogram) was found in 16/66(24%) in the control group, and in 21/63(33%) in the treated group. Overall incidence was 37/129 (29%). Correlation of scan with venography was 90%. There were no clinically significant pulmonary emboli in either group. We conclude that the combination of ASA and dipridamole as given in this study is not effective prophylaxis in elective total hip replacement.


An experimental investigation of the three-dimensional flow field through a low aspect ratio, transonic, axial-flow fan rotor has been conducted using an advanced laser anemometer (LA) system. Laser velocimeter measurements of the rotor flow field at the design operating speed and over a range of through-flow conditions are compared to analytical solutions. The numerical technique used yields the solution to the full, three-dimensional, unsteady Euler equations using an explicit time-marching, finite volume approach. The numerical analysis, when coupled with a simplified boundary layer calculation, generally yields good agreement with the experimental data. The test rotor has an aspect ratio of 1.56, a design total pressure ratio of 1.629 and a tip relative Mach number of 1.38. The high spatial resolution of the LA data matrix (9 radial by 30 axial by 50 blade-to-blade) permits details of the transonic flow field such as shock location, turning distribution and blade loading levels to be investigated and compared to analytical results.


In this study, four cases of spondylodiscitis have been presented. There were three men and one woman, ranging age from 17 to 63 years. Patient's main complaint was back pain. The duration of symptoms were 1,5-7 months until the diagnosis. Infections were due to staphylococcus aureus in two cases, pseudomonas in one case and staphylococcus epidermidis in the other case. Infections were located on thoracolomber and lomber area. Anterior debridement, decompression, grafting and posterior stabilization following adequate antibiotic therapy were the management method in all cases. Surgical treatment was perfomed in one stage in three cases which two of them were performed simultaneously. Vascularized rib grafts were used along with tricortical iliac graft or fibular strut graft to augment fusion. In conclusion, surgical debridement, decompression, fusion and posterior instrumentation with antibiotic therapy is an effective treatment spondylodiscitis.


The purpose of the present work is to develop and study the properties of new ISE for determination of Pb, Cd, and I based on chalcogenide glasses with improved chemical stability


Professional nurses live the ethos (straight thinking) through the embedded values and beliefs of a chosen nursing theoretical framework that guides their nursing practice. In the current healthcare climate, ethical conflicts abound for professional nurses in relationship with healthcare recipients. Nursing ethics is not bioethics or healthcare ethics. Historically, nursing ethics has been viewed from a biomedical perspective, including issues of technology, genetics, and dilemmas frequently encountered by physicians in acute crisis situations where nurses happen to be members of the healthcare team. Philosophers have been seen as decisionmakers who could perform ethical analyses and make recommendations from a normative approach on how to be with persons in crisis situations. Philosophers and physicians have written extensively on the subject by applying biomedical ethical principles such as autonomy, beneficence, and justice. Professional nursing joined the bandwagon by implementing policies and procedures whereby nurses call for assistance in crisis situations and ask the "ethics expert" to use a principle-based approach in analyzing particular cases. Traditionally, physicians diagnose, philosophers analyze, and nurses look on, providing critical information about healthcare recipients and their families regarding the situation at hand. This is not nursing ethics. Rather, through nursing theoretical perspectives, which have embedded values and principles of how to be with persons in the nurse-person relationship, nurses practice and live the art of being with persons encountering ethical dilemmas. With an ever-increasing arena of complex technology and medical options, the persons whom we serve and their families encounter a myriad of decisions in life-threatening situations. In confronting these situations, persons are given opportunities to specify and document their health wishes in the form of legal documents called advance directives. Professional nurses, guided by their values and beliefs, must choose how they will be with others who are contemplating and living with making such profound decisions in situation. This column explores the meaning of advance directives from both a biomedical and a nursing perspective, followed with a personal reflection and implications for how nurses might be with others who are contemplating such solemn commitments.


A flow cytometric method based on staining with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) for rapid measurement of the fluorescence intensity (FI) of individual brewing yeast cells is reported.

Distinct changes in the FI of yeast populations during the course of both laboratory scale and brewery fermentations were observed. The changes followed a characteristic pattern defined as the FI-profile. The FI-profile was related to the rate of attenuation as well as changes in yeast glycogen and ergosterol contents.

The results obtained suggest that flow cytometry can be applied for estimation of intracellular events in brewing yeasts and prediction of their performance.


As we begin the New Year, we look forward to some difficult times ahead. The excesses of unbridled capitalism, primarily manifested in Wall Street greed and high-stakes gambling in the housing industry, threaten the traditions and institutions of future generations. Although we should be poised to pursue the dreams and aspirations of increasingly well-prepared children, we face dismal prospects of ongoing recession and looming budget cuts in government. Budget cuts proposed by privileged men in high offices threaten the well-being of vulnerable children, women, and minority groups. Bailed out industries continue to profit and distribute obscene bonuses to those responsible for catastrophic decisions. Stakeholders were left with empty promises. In the aftermath, some are trying to balance the budget on the backs of children. The atrocities of the 9/11 disaster threatened our collective well-being and confronted our beliefs in a just world. Other nations embraced America and prepared to support us through difficult times of recovery. Unfortunately, men of privilege and greed seized on the disaster to promote a culture of fear. Fostering an illusion of imminent demise justified another generation of warfare with dead children in foreign lands and disabled veterans trying to find their way home. Next came the assaults on human rights and civil liberties. America narrowly avoided the loss of essential identity, which is simply expressed in life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, in the rush to protect us from real and imagined enemies. We eventually traded international good will for enmity and suspicion. American leaders protected our future by violating the basic traditions and boundaries that define us as a people. The governor of the state of Mississippi, like the privileged executives in some other states, is seizing opportunities afforded by financial fears to restructure public services. Nationally, the American people invested billions to protect merchants of greed at the cost of health, education, and welfare for future generations. The Mississippi governor would like to balance the budget by consolidating historically Black universities, eliminating traditions and identities shared by those who struggled for civil rights and their families. He would eliminate the unique identity of Mississippi University for Women by making it a branch of Mississippi State University. Critics of consolidation argue that there would be little or no financial benefit. If there were savings, they will not be realized until 2012, when the recession is over (Lynch, 2009). Governor Haley Barbour, a former Washington tobacco lobbyist, who is being touted as a presidential hopeful, proposed reducing school districts in the state from 152 to 100: placing authority in the high-performing school districts and eliminating the troubled, underfunded, frequently poor and rural districts. These reductions call into question if all students will have equal access to academic and support services. Equity can be sacrificed in times of financial exigency. The Mississippi governor proposed eliminating state services and facilities for delinquents, blind and deaf children, disabled citizens, and others in great need during hard economic times. Governor Barbour wants to close four of the state's Department of Mental Health facilities, six crisis centers, and two branches of the state hospital (Lynch, 2009). This budget saving would ensure that chronically mentally ill persons are imprisoned in harsh jail settings or released to suffer on the streets. Powerful men advocate ongoing industrial and technological developments with tax incentives. They would feed the children with the crumbs that fall from the table. Patriarchs retain their privilege through attempts to control scarce resources: subjugating women and children and other vulnerable populations in the process. By creating fear in the great middle class, it is possible to blame the victims for their distress and protect the interests of affluent White men who have not forgotten the old ways of getting things done. Fear and threat are the tools of the politician. If we assume the best case scenario that the proposed budget cuts are only shrewd political moves that are unlikely to be accepted by the Mississippi legislature, one is left with a painful awareness of how little some of our leaders care about those


Sensors have attracted particular attention as analytical devices because of their importance in health and security. The ability to obtain unique functions using molecular design have rapidly advanced the use of organic optoelectronic materials of π‐conjugated compounds in electronic sensing devices. A brief introduction to sensors, focusing on organic micro‐ or nanoassemblies created using state‐of‐the‐art protocols for assembly and their recent development for high‐performance electronic sensing devices, is presented.


'The continental picture is still very far from complete, and in most cases we cannot yet hazard a guess at elephant numbers within a country. We can, however, summarise our current knowledge of the elephants' distribution on a map. We have marked their ranges even when they occur only occasionally or at very low densities, and have indicated areas where we lack information, or where elephants are definitely absent. The map is very much a first draft, and we hope that readers will send us amendments and/or corrections.'


ABSTRACT                This research is a survey research that aims to determine the characteristics and level of feasibility of ponds for seaweed cultivation (Gracilaria sp) based on physical parameters (temperature, salinity, depth, brightness, phosphate, type of substrate, tidal amplitude and protection) and chemistry (pH, dissolved oxygen, Nitrate). The population in this study was the existing pond area in Panyiwi Village, Cenrana Subdistrict, Bone Regency, the sample as many as 8 points / observation station was determined using purposive sampling method based on the location and water source of the pond. Data collection time is done twice, morning and evening. Research data obtained by observation, direct measurements in the field (temperature, salinity, depth, brightness, dissolved oxygen, pH and protection) and laboratory analysis (phosphate, nitrate, and substrate type) were then analyzed using the weighting method. After obtaining the score value of each parameter at each observation point, then the assessment is feasible (S1) with a range of 68-87, quite feasible (S2) with a range of 48-67, and not feasible (N) with a range of 27- 47. So that obtained the results of each station in the morning, stations I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII entered in quite decent categories (S2) and each station in the afternoon namely stations I, II, III, V , VI, VII, VIII also included in the category of quite feasible (S2) except on station IV it was in the category of not feasible (N) dry ponds due to low tide.


The commissionee owns the works' right according to law, while the commissioner owns the using right according to the contract end, under the condition that the litigant does not define the proprietary rights. If the litigant even does not define the usage of the work, it will be in conflict with the right of the work between the commissioner and the commissionee. We should protect the commissionee's right, meanwhile confirm the commissioner's usage of the work according to the contract, which means that both the rights of commissioner and commissionee should be limited.


BQ.1 What we know about bivalent boosters. The bivalent booster is designed to provide protection against infection and severe disease for currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. Results of vaccine efficacy (VE) from Moderna and Pfizer bivalent boosters are not yet available as clinical trials are currently ongoing. However, early clinical data shows an increased antibody response and neutralization activity from the bivalent boosters. An evaluation of the Moderna bivalent booster administered in adults found increased neutralization activity against BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 strains 29 days following receipt of the bivalent booster (Chalkias NEJM 2022) and similar increases were also observed among older adults who received Pfizer BA.1 bivalent booster (Launay NEJM 2022). Evidence from the administration of monovalent mRNA vaccines and boosters shows initial strong protection against hospitalization and symptomatic infections, followed by declines in VE across all ages in the United States (ACIP 2022). The UK HSA Vaccine Surveillance Report highlights declines in vaccine efficacy against hospitalization due to BA.1 and BA.2 in the months following the administration of the primary mRNA series and monovalent boosters (UK HSA 2022). This is one of the reasons for bivalent boosters, as immunity among those previously boosted is waning over time. This evidence also suggests that if bivalent boosters have similar initial high protection against hospitalizations, there may also be gradual declines in vaccine effectiveness in the forthcoming months.


Tangxinzhai gold deposit is located in the northwest part of Laizishan anticline.Based on the analysis of geological and geochemical characteristics of the deposit,it is believed that there is a great prospecting potential in this ore spot which possesses favorable metallogenic and geological condition for large scale deposit.There is possibly some bigger mineralizing bodies in the deep part of the deposit.More prospecting and investigating work should be done in order to achieve an even bigger breakthrough in the area.


With the theory of statistical physics dealing with chemical reaction (the law of mass action), we analyzedifferent thermodynamic property of noble gases (mono-atomic gases) in a small bubble and diatomic gases in a smallbubble semi-quantitatively. As bubbles of the mono-atomic and the diatomic gases are compressed, shock waves areproduced in both bubbles. Though shock wave leads to sharp increase of pressure and temperature of gases in the bubble,diatomic gas will excitated vibrations and dissociate themselves to mono-atomic gas? these processes will consume manyaccumulated heat energy and block the further increase of the temperature. Therefore, compare with the mono-atomicgases in the bubble, there will be no enough charged particles ionized to flash for diatomic gases in the bubble, this maybe the reason why a bubble of diatomic gases has no single bubble sonoluminescence while a bubble of noble gases has.


A mixed germ cell/sex cord-stromal tumor characterized by the presence of large germ cells which resemble seminoma cells and small cells which resemble Sertoli or granulosa cells. It occurs in the testis and the ovary and is identified in children and adults. It is often associated with gonadal dysgenesis and abnormal karyotype.


We investigate the possibility for k-essence dynamics to reproduce the primary features of inflation in the early universe, generate dark matter subsequently, and finally account for the presently observed acceleration. We first show that for a purely kinetic k-essence model the late-time energy density of the universe when expressed simply as a sum of a cosmological constant and a dark matter term leads to a static universe. We then study another k-essence model in which the Lagrangian contains a potential for the scalar field as well as a noncanonical kinetic term. We show that such a model generates the basic features of inflation in the early universe, and also gives rise to dark matter and dark energy at appropriate subsequent stages. Observational constraints on the parameters of this model are obtained.


It was an unexceptional reality in Malta of the Hospitallers, for the bishops and the grandmasters to be on what may at best be termed as 'less than amicable relations'. The relationship between Bishop Martin Royas de Portalrubio and Grandmaster Jean l'Evesque de la Cassiere was no exception. During the first decades of the Order's rule, the bishop in Malta also acted as inquisitor on the island. Then, following the term of Domenico Cubelles (1562-65), after a lapse of eight years during which the islands first experienced a months-long ruthless Ottoman siege, dubbed as the Great Siege of 1565, and then entered the building spree which was to see the birth of a new fortified city named Valletta, a new inquisitor was appointed. Thus Royas, Bishop of Malta, took up the episcopal position which he would occupy between 1572 and 1577. Soon, the animosity between the bishop/inquisitor and grandmaster became quite evident. So much so that in 1574 Royas felt impelled to inform Rome that his officials were beaten and that la Cassiere had threatened Royas himself that if he dared come to the magisterial palace, he would be thrown out of the window.1 Royas had considered it within his remit to investigate the members of the Order while the Grandmaster begged to differ and appealed to the Holy See for a solution on the matter. Pope Gregory XIII saw how to resolve the impasse by appointing an apostolic delegate cum inquisitor to deal on the spot with this bubbling situation. The appointee was Mgr Pietro Dusina who was given the title and position of Apostolic Visitor with instructions to examine the state of the Church in the Maltese islands. It was through this apostolic visit that the decrees of the Council of Trent would GeorGe Cassar


Spectral intensity, electron temperature and density of laser-induced plasma (LIP) are important parameters for affecting sensitivity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Increasing target temperature is an easy and feasible method to improve the sensitivity. In this paper, a brass target in a temperature range from 25 °C to 200 °C was ablated to generate the LIP using femtosecond pulse. Time-resolved spectral emission of the femtosecond LIBS was measured under different target temperatures. The results showed that, compared with the experimental condition of 25 °C, the spectral intensity of the femtosecond LIP was enhanced with more temperature target. In addition, the electron temperature and density were calculated by Boltzmann equation and Stark broadening, indicating that the changes in the electron temperature and density of femtosecond LIP with the increase of the target temperature were different from each other. By increasing the target temperature, the electron temperature increased while the electron density decreased. Therefore, in femtosecond LIBS, a high-temperature and low-density plasma with high emission can be generated by increasing the target temperature. The increase in the target temperature can improve the resolution and sensitivity of femtosecond LIBS.


By Matthew M Zawlocki, M.S. Washington State University May 2003 Chair: John Hermanson Dissipated energy is a method of characterizing non-linear materials based on the difference between the total energy and the recoverable energy in a material system. Wood-plastic composites with high wood-fiber content are an example of a material that exhibits a non-linear load-displacement behavior. High-density polyethylene, highdensity polyethylene with an ethylene-maleic anhydride polymer additive, and poly-vinyl chloride are three wood-plastic formulations chosen to be characterized using dissipated energy. Tension and biaxial (axial and shear) tests were used to create dissipated energy density functions for each of the three formulations. The dissipated energy density functions obtained were then used with beam bending theory to predict the total energy dissipated by test coupons in 3-point bending. The nonlinear behavior of wood-plastics means that there is no distinct point that marks the onset of material damage as in metals. As an alternative means to assign design strengths, not based on a distinct yield point, the maximum curvature in the dissipated energy function was used to define an allowable design strength. The


Introduction: The problem of treating patients with unresectable liver metastases of colon cancer is currently far f rom being solved. One possible approach is the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term results of stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer and oligometastatic liver metastases.Methods: This study was designed as a retro-prospective, open-label, controlled, non-randomized clinical trial. We assessed one-year local control, one-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and toxicity in 60 patients with oligometastatic liver disease from colorectal cancer who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy, with median dose of 54 Gy.Results: The median follow-up was 20,1 months. One-year local control (LC) was 73,7 % (95 % CI = 62,7–86,6 %). Oneyear overall survival (OS) was 92,8 % (95 % CI = 86,3–99,9 %), one-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 31,3 % (95 % CI = 21,1–46,4 %) with a median of 8,1 months. Grade ≥ 3 toxicity was not noted. No cases of radiation-induced liver failure were observed. Radiation dose (HR = 0.88, 95 % CI = 0.81–0.95, p = 0.00087), metastasis size (HR = 1.51, 95 % CI = 1.07–2.12, p = 0.01858) and their number (HR = 1.8, 95 % CI = 1.01–3.22, p = 0.04669) are significant risk factors for LC. Metastasis size > 3 cm is a significant risk factor for LC (HR = 5.5, 95 % CI = 1.7–17.9, p = 0.005) and OS (HR = 3.8, 95 % CI = 1.3–11.7, p = 0.02).Conclusion: Stereotactic body radiotherapy is an effective and safe method of providing local control of oligometastatic liver metastases in colorectal cancer as part of a combined treatment approach. Further studies are required to individualize the indications for this treatment method.


Background: Mental disorders are common in our environment. They include anxiety, depression and somatoform disorders. The people affected by these mental disorders do one form of work or the other. These mental disorders adversely reduce the workers performance, productivity and outcome. Aim: To describe the presence of mental disorders- anxiety and depression among patients that attend the general outpatient clinic and to find out which group of workers have these mental disorders. Methods: Two hundred and forty five patients aged 20 years and above attending the general outpatients clinic were randomly assessed for anxiety and depression using the Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). The degree of severity of mental disorders was determined with the HADS score and the occupation of these patients were observed to note which group had anxiety and depression. Result: 24.1% of the patients had mild anxiety compared to 15.9% that had mild depression. 11.0% of the patients had moderate anxiety compared to 7.8% that had moderate depression. 1.6% had severe anxiety compared to 0.8% that had severe depression. Farmers and traders had significant p value of 0.035 and 0.034 respectively among the occupation evaluated. Conclusion: The result of the study shows that among the patients that attend the general outpatient clinic, mental disorders are common. Farmers and traders have a likelihood to develop depression. These findings call for attention to the mental health of these group of patients while attending to their other physical health needs. Keywords: mental disorders (anxiety and depression), occupation.


We present an efficient algorithm for computing the heat capacity of a large-scale molecular system. The new algorithm is based on a special Gaussian quadrature whose knots and weights are obtained by a simple Lanczos iteration. Our numerical results have indicated that this new computational scheme is quite accurate. We have also shown that this method is considerably faster than the earlier approach that is based on estimating the density of states and integrating with a simple quadrature formula.


The paper had set up the related parameters of the loose blasting with the loose blasting circle, approximated equivalent resistance line and gray decision theory Those related parameters applied to Majiagou Mine of Kailuan were obtained with obvious economic benefits The successful experience of the technology has a certain reference to the mines with the caving mining production


The smoking habit, which exercises the minds Vf many, 's usually find improperly regarded as appertaining to *he domain of conduct. In the initial stage there may l>e soitie ground for this, as in the case of boys; but this aspect of smoking soon vanishes, as in the case of men. Old-fashioned people look askance at women who smoke, and they advance all kinds of threadbare arguments why t^ey should not, and so unreasonable and illogical do these


The tendency of development in electronic components is influenced by performance enhancement and the reliability of the soldering. The replacement of conventional tin lead (SnPb) solder to lead free solder have changed the reliability of the component. Alloying constituents have been developed for lead free solder materials to achieve almost as close a reliability level as using conventional solders. However, the issue of reliability is on the failure mechanisms in lead free solder interconnection. This study focused on the microstructural analysis and characterization of the intermetallic compounds growth in the lead free solder with different types of surface finish. The solder material used is SAC 305 which composed of tin, silver and copper. The surface finishes included in this research were bare copper, immersion tin, and electroless nickel immersion gold. The aim was to investigate the intermetallic compound growth in different types of surface finish after 900, 1200 and 1500 cycles of thermal cycling test is applied at 100oC of cyclic temperature in which affecting the solder joint reliability. After thermal cycling test, the sample were cross sectioned, grinded and polished. Then, the morphology of the sample was reveal under Scanning Electron Microscopy to analyze the formation of intermetallic compounds. The measure shown that immersion tin surface finish produced the highest thickness of intermetallic compounds growth up to 11μm. However, intermetallic compound in copper surface finish shows the lower thickness about 4.5μm. Besides, this research show voiding phenomena happened in the samples of different surface finish and its mechanism is analyzed.


As rapid climate change and urbanization are underway, the impervious area of the land cover is increasing. Rain falling on the ground surface can flow into underground spaces by gravity. Rainwater flowing over steep slopes enters underground spaces with a high flow velocity even at low water depths, resulting in increased momentum, leading to loss of life and property. However, previous studies have not yet provided quantitative information on the extent of flooding in underground spaces. In this study, the inundation risk of underground spaces was evaluated considering both the difficulty in evacuation and the hydrodynamic flow characteristics. When the inundation depth was approximately 0.2 m, its propagated velocity and momentum were not huge, the damage caused by the inundation was low over the entire area, and there were no difficulties in evacuation. However, in case of flow depths larger than 0.6 m, the risk index in most of the domain reached a level of 4-5.


Background: There has been a signifi cant increase in the prevalence of allergy, mainly associated to IgE-mediated disorders such as asthma and rhinitis. The identifi cation and avoidance of causative allergens in allergic rhinitis and asthmatic patients can help to reduce the frequency of symptoms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of common allergens and effect of allergens avoidance among patients of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Malwa region. Methods: Skin prick tests were performed with 220 different allergens including pollens, fungi, house dust mite (HDM), inhalants and contactants, dander, insects and food in 60 patients with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma at C. R. Gardi Hospital from 2012 to 2014. Results: About 60% of all patients were predominantly asthmatics, and forty percent were cases of rhinitis. 43% of patients were sensitized to HDM. 42% and 40% of the population were sensitized to spider web dust and ants, respectively. Statistical analysis identifi ed the dust mite and spider web dust as the most common allergens infl uencing the development and expression of allergic rhinitis and asthma in the studied population. 50% patients of allergic rhinitis became asymptomatic after avoidance of all relevant positive allergens, 21% showed reduced symptoms. 36% patients of bronchial asthma had reduced symptoms and 17% of allergic rhinitis patients became asymptomatic after avoidance of only causative food allergens. Conclusions: The dust mite and spider web dust were the most relevant allergen sources in the asthmatic and allergic rhinitis population. This emphasizes the importance of identifying sensitization and avoiding the relevant allergens can be remedy for allergic rhinitis patients and reduced the frequency of symptoms in asthmatics.


Freight transport efficiency, as one proposed abatement strategy for transport related emissions, is a concept that has received much research attention during the last de-cade, often from the transport buyers' perspective. In contrast, the aim of this thesis is to explore the subset concept of operational freight transport efficiency and how it affects transport related emissions from the perspective of the transport operator. The focus is on the transport operators and their interfaces with other actors such as tran-sport providers/forwarders, transport buyers, and the society. I open with a dissection of the term "operational freight transport efficiency." I make these primarily semantic efforts to open up and introduce a few aspects that are commonly overlooked. The concept is argued to be "fuzzy", in the sense that it means different things depending on who you ask, and a "wicked problem", in the sense that the problem has no clear solutions with significant and present trade-offs. The methodology, or vessel, used in this thesis to launch a "critical spirit" is "phronetic social science". After phronetically testing the efficiency measures, some recommendations are presented. A suggestion on operational decarbonisation is provided and the attitudes and trade-offs among the actors are explored. The thesis identifies a gap with respect to the absence of a common semantic definition of the concept of operational freight transport efficiency measures. The thesis proposes that the gap be filled with the following derived define-tion of operational freight transport efficiency: "A set of utilisation measures of time, space, vehicle, fuel and driver in the movement of goods". From the operators point of view, as well as from an aggregated level, also missing are the trade-offs between environmental and economic considerations. Most operational freight transport effi-ciency improvement measures are likely to reduce emissions, however; it is probable that mere cost-reduction measures will not lead to reduced emissions in the long term. The traverse across these topics represented by the present thesis is offered as a theo-retical contribution to the discussion about defining what is meant by sustainable logistics. In other words, what the word sustainable means in a logistics context


Statement of the problem. The objectives of this study include determining the role of the use of charactonymsin multi-genre texts for children written by English classical and modern authors. The first task was to identify the charactonyms in the works of fiction of three English children's writers. The second task is the etymological and lexico-semantic analysis of the charactonyms in the children's works of art under study in order to obtain information about whether the character is positive or negative. The third task of the study was to identify the functions of charactonyms in the works analyzed. Results. The article presents the charactonyms of the characters selected by a continuous sampling method from the works written by English children's writers of different time periods. Further, the etymological analysis of the charactonyms and their decoding in the analyzed works written by R. Dahl, J. K. Rowling and F. Simon and the role of the charactonyms in those works are defined. Conclusion. The study revealed 11 functions of charactonyms in the analyzed works of fiction for children of three British authors. Identifying, comic, style-forming, allusive, genre-forming, onomatopoeic functions were identified, as well as functions characterizing appearance, occupations or professions, behavior, speech and describing character.


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Prophet is a dynamic address allocation protocol described at INFOCOM 2003. This protocol is based upon a family of pseudo-random generators. The goal of Prophet is to establish an addresses scheme free of conflict. The addressing capabilities of Prophet depend on the underlying properties of the pseudo-random generators. The different pseudo-random generators proposed in Prophet are analyzed and the limits of the scheme are exhibited. Most notably, the periods of the generators limit the addressing capabilities of a node and the fact that Prophet is collision-free. In this research report, we show that the underlying assumptions made in Prophet can not be met by pseudo-random generators.


Seizure as a rare but a major side-effect of carbapenems are widely reported in literature but non-seizure, neuropsychiatric events have scarce, limited information available.
Objectives: To present a case report of an elderly patient with chronic kidney disease who had neuropsychiatric effects during ertapenem therapy leading to additional prescribing of anti-psychotic/sedating medications to manage adverse drug events.
We present a case of an 85 year old female patient without prior CNS disorder who developed visual hallucinations, agitation, disorientation, sleeplessness after 3 days of ertapenem 1 g therapy. The patient was prescribed with quetiapine and valproic acid to initially manage restlessness and donepezil was later added. Ertapenem was discontinued after day 7 of therapy while agents to manage agitation were continued. Based on the Naranjo score (6), the manifestations of hallucinations, agitation, sleeplessness were probable adverse drug reactions of ertapenem. Associated risk factors were excessive dose, advanced age and renal dysfunction. With a creatinine clearance of 30 ml/min, the recommended dose is 500 mg daily. Two days after ertapenem was discontinued, the symptoms abated. There was a noted decrease of hallucination, disorientation, restlessness and patient was slowly able to sleep. On the 13th hospitalization day, there was no restlessness, only episodes of confusion. Patient was discharged on the 15th hospitalization day with discharge medications for valproic acid, donepezil and alprazolam.
Conclusion: Ertapenem may exhibit non-seizure neurotoxicity if used beyond recommended dose. Adverse drug events from inappropriate use of drug are associated with patient harm, longer hospitalization and more medications which we were preventable in the first place. To our knowledge, this is the first probable adverse drug reaction from ertapenem documented in the Philippine setting.


ABSTRACT The wanna facts are a classic Poverty of Stimulus (PoS) problem: Wanna is grammatical in certain contexts (Who do you want PRO to play with?) but not others (Who do you want who to play with you?). On a standard analysis, "contraction" to wanna is blocked by some empty constituents (WH-copies) but not others (PRO). All empty constituents are inaudible, so it has been unclear how restrictions on them could be learned. Children's reported knowledge of the wanna facts (Crain & Thornton, 1998) has therefore been attributed to a principle of Universal Grammar (UG). In two experiments, we demonstrate that children's use of wanna is not in fact adultlike and that error rates are modulated by the frequency of the embedded verb (play). These results suggest that if there is a UG principle, children appear not to know that it is relevant, raising important questions about what learning mechanisms enable children to circumvent the input's apparent poverty.


We selected Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. and Fritillaria thunbergii MiO.,a couple of counteracted drugs,as study objects to verify the mechanism of counteracted drugs by the anti-tumor experiments,which include studies of Anti-tumor effect on Lewis carcinoma of Mouse by application of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. and Fritillaria thunbergii MiQ.singly or matched and Affection on appoptosis of LM-2 carcinoma cells.Both the drugs used singly can inhibit tumor growth and tumor metastasis,but two drugs matched can't reinforce this effect;there were statistic differences with two drugs used singly on affection of thymus gland,but the matched drugs were not effective.Aconite decoction can reinforce the apoptosis of LM-2 cells dosage dependently within 5mg/mL~75mg/mL,moreover,the longer the cell were stimulated,the higher the apoptosis rate;while LM-2 cells stimulated by fritillaryia decoction with 75mg/mL for 48h,the rate of apoptosis rose;compare with aconite decoction used singly,aconite matched with fritillaria(1∶1) under same concentration as used singly can depress cells apoptosis significantly,which show that the matched drugs can suppress LM-2 cells apoptosis.As showed by the results,the statement of "aconite counteracts fritillaria" was supported by our experiment.


For the stable and high yields of low-land rice in Korea, the characteristics of rice plant for the vegetative and physiological responses, plant type formation, and yield components have been studied in order to obtain the fundamental data for the improvement of cultural practices, especially for the ideal fertilizer application. Furthermore the environmental conditions in Korea including temperatures, light, precipitation, and soil conditions have been compared in the broad sense with those in Japan, and the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicate and other micro-nutrients were described in relation to the characteristics of environmental conditions for the improvement of fertilizer application. 1. The average yield of polished-rice per 10 are in Korea is about 204 kg and this values are much less than those in Japan and Taiwan where they produce 77% to 13% more than in Korea. The rate of yield increase a year in Korea is 4.2 kg, but in Japan and Taiwan the rates of yield increase a year are 81 % and 62%, respectively. It was also found that the coefficient of variation of yield is 7.7% in Korea, 6.7% in Japan and 2.5% in Taiwan. This means that the stability of producing rice in Korea is very low when compared with those in Japan and Taiwan. 2. It was learned from the results obtained from the 'annual yield estimation experiment' that there are big differences in the respect of plant type formations between rice crops grown in Japan and Korea. The important differences found were as follows: (1) The numbers of spikelets per 3.3 square meters are 891 in Korea and 1, 007 in Japan(13% more than in Korea). (2) The numbers of tillers per 3.3 square meters at the stage of maximum tillering are 1, 150 in Korea, but in Japan they showed 19% more than in Korea. (3) The ratio of effective tillers to total tillers is 77.5% in Korea and 74.7% in Japan, which seems to be higher in Korea than in Japan. But the ratio in Korea is very low when considered the numbers of total tillers in both countries. (4) The ratio of grain to straw is 85.4% in Korea and 96.3% in Japan. 3. The average temperatures during the growing season at the area of Suwon, Kwangjoo and Taegu are almost same as those in the district of Jookokoo(Fookoo yama) in Japan, i.e., the temperatures during the rice-growing season in Korea are similar to those in the southern-warm regions of Japan. 4. Considering the minimum temperatures at the stage of limiting transplanting, 13, the time of transplanting might be 30 to 40 days earlier than presently practicing transplanting time, which comes around June 10. 5. The temperatures during the vegetative growth in Korea were higher than those temperatures that needed in the protein synthesis which ate the main metabolism during this stage. However, the temperatures at the time of reproductive growth was lower than the temperatures that needed in the sugar assimilation which is main metabolism in this stage. In this point of view, it might be considered that the proper time of growing rice plant in Korea would be rather earlier. 6. The temperatures and the day light conditions at the time of first tillering stage of rice plant, when planted as presenting transplanting practices, are very satisfactory, but the poor day light length, high temperatures and too wet conditions in the time of last-tillering stage(mid or last July) might cause the occurrence of disease such as blast. 7. The heading stage of rice plants at each region through nations when planted as presently practicing method comes when the day light length is short. 8. It was shown that the accumulated average air-temperature at the time of maturing stage was not enough and the heading time was too late, when considered the annual deviations of mean temperatures and low minimum temperatures. 9. The nitrogen content of each plant part at the each growing stage was very high at the stage of vegetative growth when compared with the nitrogen content at the stage of reproductive growth after heading. In this respect it was believed to be important to prevent the nutrient shortages at the reproductive stages, especially after the heading. 10. The area of unsatisfactory irrigation paddy fields and natural rain-fed paddy fields are getting reduced in Korea. The correlation between the rate of reducing unsatisfactory irrigation and natural rain-fed paddy fields and the rate of yield increase were computed. The correlation coefficients(r) between the area of unsatisfactory irrigation paddy fields and yield increase were +0.525, and between the natural rain-fed paddy fields and yield increase, +0.832 and between the unsatisfactory irrigation plus natural rain-fed paddy fields and yield increase, +0.84. And there were. highly significant positive correlations between natural rain-fed paddy fields and yield increases indicating that the less the area of natural rain-fed paddy fields, the greater the yields per unit area. 11. The results obtained from the fertilizer experiments (yield performance trials) conducted in both Korea and Japan showed that the yield of non-fertilized plots per 10 are was 231 kg in Korea and 360 kg in Japan. On the basis of this it might be concluded that the fertility of soil in Korea is lower than that in Japan. Furthermore it was. also found that the yields of non-nitrogen applied plots per 10 are were 236 kg in Korea and 383 kg in Japan. This also indicates that the yields of rice in Korea are largely depending on the nitrogen content in the soil. 12. The followings were obtained when the chemical natures of soils in both Korea and Japan were compared. (1) The content of organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, and magnesium in Korea were no more than the half those in Japan. (2) The content of N/2 chloride and soluble silicate in low-land soil were on the average lower in Korea. (3) The exchange capacity of bases in Korea was no more than half that in Japan. 13. It was also observed by comparing the soil nature of the soil with high yielding capacity with the soil with low yielding capacity that the exchange capacity of bases, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, manganese, silicate and iron were low in the soil with low yielding capacity. 14. The depth of furrow slice was always deeper in the soil with high yielding capacity, and the depth of furrow slice in Korea was also shallower than that in Japan. 15. Summarizing the various conditions mentioned previously and considering the effects of silicate and trace elements such as manganese and iron besides three elements on the physiological and plant type formation of rice crops, more realistic and more ideal fertilizing practices were proposed. proposed.


The reproductive system of the female Trichogramma confusum occupies about the posterior two-thirds of the abdomen and comprises of paired ovaries, paired lateral oviducts, the genital chamber, the spermatheca, and the accessory glands. The fully developed ovaries consist of two ovarioles. The proximal portion of each ovariole is a relatively large pear-shaped mass of egg pouch. It is generally estimated that each ovariole contains around 150 eggs before oviposition. and the maximum number may reach 197. The anterior portion of an ovariole tapers to a long and slender fube-iike zone of growth, the vitellarium. The two long tubes coil up and unite as a single suspensory strand which extands to the anierfor part of the abdominal cavity. The paired lateral oviducts converge posteriorly from the ovaries to join immaliately into the lateral part of the genital Chamber and there are two rounded accessory glands which open iato its lateral sides, A sac-like spermatheca opens into the median part of the genital chamber. Besides, there are two other accesory glands one of them is sac-like and consists of a number of large glandular cells with a short and small duct, opening anteriorly into a large membranous sac, the glandular reservoir, which is filled with liquid substance. The distal orifice of the reservoir opens into the basal part of the ovipositor. The second one is a long and slender tube ended with glandular enlargement, and its orifice is open to the distal part of the glandular reservoir .of the sac-like gland through a short duct.Ultrastructural examination of the reservotr revealed that its wall is comprised of a layer of pavement epithelial cells and a basement membrane. The cells are dominated by flat nuclei and scattered mitochondria. There are some scattered muscle fibers attaching to the surface of basement membrane at frequent intervals. The secretory cell is dominated by rough endoplasmic reticula and numerous mitochondria around the nuclear membrane. The Golgi bodies and microtubules often scatter throughout the cytoplasm of secretory cells.The reproductive organs of the male adult include a pair of translucent testes, the ducts or vasa deferentia which partly enlarge as vesiculae seminales, and a pair of large sac-like accessory glands united at their proximal ends. The proximal end of the ejaculatory duct opens into the penis lumen.The size and shape of testes are more or less different in different developmental stages, In the early pupal stage, each testis is club-shaped, full of spermatogonia within its cavity and becomes a large pyramidal body in late pupal stage and full of sperm bundles. Almost all spermatozoa travel down to vesiculae seminales after emergence, and the testes are reduced 10 small flat rhomboid bodies.


China is in a period of social transformation. Market economy and development of democratic politics require that Party's construction must make strategic change. We should build our party into the vanguard that leads people in revolution and construction in thinking, organization and style; what's more, we should, according to the features of ruling party, from the Party's internal mechanism, build our party into an advanced party which can bring the ruling function into full play.


The outcomes of patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) differ between individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on survival in patients with metastatic NPC.


Messages: a mechanism for intergrated communication and computation. 25 cost of implementing demand-driven eduction in the generator is negligible. Clearly, it is important to not only exercise the GLU programming model in expressing diverse applications, but also to develop abstract architectures that are inherently more scalable, thus eeectively exploiting less coarse-grain parallelism. References 1] E.A. Ashcroft. Dataaow and Eduction: Data-driven and demand-driven distributed computation. A descriptive and prescriptive model for dataaow semantics. 24 cessors with relatively medium-grain parallelism, sustaining this eeciency on a large workstation cluster is only possible if remote computing time is at least two orders of magnitude larger than the associated communication time. This study also connrms the fairly obvious intuition that the generator is the bottleneck of the generator/executor abstract architecture. There are two aspects to the generator bottleneck: one is the cost of communicating with all the executors and the other is the time spent in local function execution (i.e., the serial part of the application). And importantly, the generator spends only nominal amount of its time on eductive evaluation of the application kernels that were studied. The main contribution of this chapter is the validation of a dataaow-based approach to programming conventional parallel computers by showing that standard parallel application kernels can be succinctly expressed while reusing existing sequential code and that these kernels exhibit parallel performance which are comparable to those of equivalent kernels developed in lower-level explicit parallel programming systems. In particular, we have described a coarse-grain dataaow system for programming conventional parallel computers. The system is based on a hybrid model of programming (GLU) that consists of a multidimensional dataaow language Lucid for composing implicitly parallel programs using imperatively-speciied functions that specify computations. We have shown how GLU can be used to succinctly compose applications with substantial inherent parallelism from existing sequential code with only nominal modiications. We have shown how GLU programs can be mapped to abstract archi-tectures which then can be compiled to speciic target computers. Using the generator/executor abstract architecture, we have considered the ee-ciency of GLU programs executing in parallel on workstation networks. The speedup eeciency observed (speedup being relative to sequential execution on one processor) suggests that the generator eventually becomes the bottleneck mainly because communication cost and local function execution cost begin to dominate. We also observe that coarser granularity of parallelism means that better scaling of performance. Importantly, the performance study shows that GLU …


Head restraint position adjusting device 100 is provided with a distance measuring device 10 and the drive motor unit 30, the distance measuring device 10 is provided with a plurality of sensing electrodes 11 to 15 and the detection circuit 20. Detection circuit 20 is provided with a plurality of capacitance sensing circuits 21 to 25 connected in one-to-one with the sensing electrodes 11 to 15 and the arithmetic processing circuit 28, the drive motor unit 30 includes a motor drive circuit and a drive motor equipped with a. Detection circuit 20, the difference between the capacitance values of the sensing electrode that indicates a maximum value capacitance based on the detected capacitance value, the capacitance value of the sensing electrode capacitance indicates the minimum value It calculates the value, measuring the electrode head distance L. Based on the measurement result performed the position adjustment operation of the headrest 43.


—The teacher is one of the aggregates of workers who have a high risk of work-stress due to many demands of work, duties, and responsibilities. Stress can support the occurrence of obesity caused by changes in behavior and metabolism. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stress and obesity in senior high school teachers. This is quantitative research with a descriptive correlation design. The subjects were 63 teachers at Muhammadiyah Senior High School 1 Salam, collected by the total sampling technique. The research instrument uses a job stress questionnaire developed by researchers who have tested CVI and validity and reliability. The statistical test used was the Spearman-Rank test. The study results showed that most respondents were teachers of early adulthood (26-35) years old, male sex, with a long working period of more than three years. Most respondents are in moderate stress (mean=31,13, SD= 4, 75) with a healthy BMI category. The relationship between work stress and obesity in teachers is p value=0.157. There was no significant relationship between work stress and obesity in teachers at Muhammadiyah Senior High School.


Extensively axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric Single Stage To Orbit (SSTO) vehicles are considered. The information is presented in viewgraph form and the following topics are presented: payload comparisons; payload as a percent of dry weight - a system hardware cost indicator; life cycle cost estimations; operations and support costs estimation; selected engine type; and rocket engine specific impulse calculation.


Various ways and efforts from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), ministries or hospitals in encouraging breastfeeding. These efforts open the mind of unmarried women to take synthetic hormone injection to produce breast milk in order to get the breastfeeding status on that child. The aim of the study is to analyze the syariah view of the synthetic hormone injection method and the status of infants fed by the unmarried women. The method of writing this article is a qualitative study by reviewing and analyzing documents through library research with reference to the book of turath in fiqh, language and hadith. Structured interview method with physicians and the fiqh expert was also conducted in this research. Study found that unmarried women have the ability or chances to breastfeed their baby or adoptive infants to obtain the breastfeeding status of the baby which can resolve several Islamic rules related to worship and marriage.


Objective To review systematically the curative effects and safety of sirolimus-eluting stents and zotarolimus-eluting stents. Methods The databases of Cochrane Library, Pub Med, Embase and CNKI were retrieved with computer and other assistant retrievals from establishing time to Dec. 5, 2013 for collecting the randomized controlled trials(RCT) about sirolimus-eluting stents and zotarolimus-eluting stents. The quality of the RCT was reviewed and data was extracted independently by 2 reviewers, and analyzed by using Rev Man 5.27 software. Results There were totally 7 RCT included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that between zotarolimus group and sirolimus group, the incidence of cardiac sudden death(RR=1.10, 95%CI: 0.73-1.67, P=0.64), MACE(RR=1.11, 95%CI: 0.61-2.02, P=0.72), stent thrombosis(RR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.42-1.72, P=0.65), target vessel revascularization(RR=1.34, 95%CI: 0.76-2.36, P=0.31) and myocardial infarction(RR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.57-1.15, P=0.24) had no statistical difference, and incidence of target lesion revascularization(RR=1.83, 95%CI: 0.99-3.41, P=0.06) had statistical difference. Conclusion The zotarolimus-eluting stents show significant advantages compared with sirolimus-eluting stents.