This study examines how compulsory service in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) might influence the trajectory of eating disorders (EDs) among young women soldiers. The narratives of 19 women with past or present EDs who served in the IDF were qualitatively analyzed for factors associated with negative and positive experiences of military service. Perceived incompatibility with assigned military roles was cited as the most important factor in negative experiences of service and was associated with worsening EDs. Perceived meaning and purpose was cited as the most important factor in positive experiences of service. The findings reveal that, for young women soldiers with EDs or susceptibility to EDs, subjective experiences of assigned military roles carry important emotional and behavioral health implications.


We report a photoreflectance study of Fermi level pinning (VF) on (001) n‐ and p‐type GaAs with large, uniform electric fields. Surface photovoltage (Vs) effects were evaluated as a function of temperature (77 K<T<450 K), pump beam wavelength (633 and 407 nm) and W–metal coverage (in situ). The dependence of the measured barrier height, Vb (=VF−Vs), on T can be explained by a modification of the theory of M. Hecht [Phys. Rev. B 41, 7918 (1990)] yielding values of VF =0.77±0.02 V and VF =0.75±0.02 V for n‐ and p‐type GaAs, respectively, at 300 K. In addition, by introducing the ratio (r) of the area of the surface states to the illuminated area into the theory of Hecht we have been able to estimate the density of surface states on the GaAs surface. The effect of metal coverage is to increase r and reduce the influence of Vs.


The aqueous photolytic fate of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (6:2 FTAB) was determined experimentally. The PhotoFate system was used to compare the kinetic and mechanistic differences between direct and indirect aqueous photolysis of 6:2 FTAB. Differences attributable to varying aqueous components (nitrate, bicarbonate, and dissolved organic matter (DOM)) were investigated. DOM had a major role in modulating the photolysis rate of 6:2 FTAB, likely by attenuating radical production and quenching radicals in solution. A mechanistic investigation found that the major intermediate of 6:2 FTAB photolysis is 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide (6:2 FTSAm), followed by 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTSA), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylamine (6:2 FTAA), 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH) and 6:2 fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid (6:2 FTUCA). As well, the significant production of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) was observed. A high mass balance (51 to 68 mol % recovery) enabled the proposal of a degradation mechanism for the aqueous photolysis of 6:2 FTAB.


Isorhamnetin has distinct anti‐inflammatory activity and inhibits cell proliferation and migration. These effects are also involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the effect of isorhamnetin on bronchial epithelial cells in patients with asthma has not been examined. Cells of human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS‐2B were cultured with isorhamnetin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. The effects of isorhamnetin on BEAS‐2B cell viability were assessed using CCK8 assay. The EdU (5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine) cell proliferation assay was performed to assess cell proliferation. BEAS‐2B cell migration was measured using Transwell and wound healing assays. Real‐time PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were conducted to measure the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Protein expression levels were determined by western blotting. Immunofluorescence was used to detect nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB). We found that isorhamnetin at 20 and 40 μM reduced the proliferation of BEAS‐2B cells induced by TNF‐α. Isorhamnetin significantly decreased the expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 in BEAS‐2B cells induced by TNF‐α. Additionally, 10 μM isorhamnetin effectively reduced cell migration induced by TNF‐α. Treatment with isorhamnetin inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF‐κB pathways induced by TNF‐α. In summary, isorhamnetin inhibited the inflammation, proliferation, and migration of BEAS‐2B cells by regulating the MAPK and NF‐κB signaling pathways and is a drug candidate for asthma.


The basic principles of the topographic simulation by binary interpolation formula and the ore body bottom and ore body thickness simulation by trend equation were analyzed, and the random formation of schematic section view of ore body was illustrated.


Improvement of water productivity from irrigated tomatoes while maintaining yield and soil health is a global challenge. This study aimed to examine the effect of varying water quality and water stress (deficit irrigation) scenario on different soil parameters of tomatoes in a greenhouse setting to establish an optimum soil-water-plant environment for sustainable production. The study was completed by simulating tomato growing conditions in the Northern Adelaide Plains of South Australia in two consecutive years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). Three water sources selected as varying water quality were: groundwater, recycled wastewater and mixed of both. Water was applied via drip irrigation system in four irrigation scenarios maintaining irrigation frequency of two days. The results showed that irrigation with recycled wastewater had the highest residual nutrients accumulated in soil after completion of a crop growth season. The study also indicated that the residual soil macronutrients in the 80% FC treatment were not significantly different to that of the 100% FC regardless of water quality. The results thus suggested that a considerable amount of water and fertilizer can be saved through application of DI technique - especially at 80% FC level without having a significant difference of soil macronutrient compared to full irrigation. This study also found that salt accumulation in the effective root-zone was affected by both water quality and irrigation scenarios and was highest in the case of recycled wastewater.


![Figure][1]

To help address its physician shortage, Nova Scotia is recruiting doctors in the UK.

Image courtesy of iStock/RistoArnaudov

As Nova Scotia looks to the United Kingdom for doctors, and Britain comes under fire for importing more doctors than it trains, health human resource


A man aged 20, working as a shipwright's apprentice, has Henoch's purpura. The visual acuity is 6/36 in the right eye and 6/18 in the left, and does not improve, but binocularly he sees 6/12. In miosis he is highly myopic, seeing 6/12 with 7 5 D sph. in the right eye and 6 D sph. in the left. There is central anterior lenticonus in both eyes, with pigment granules on the central part of the anterior capsule. The posterior curve appears normal, as do all other aspects of the eyes.


The internal combustion engine contains several actuators to control engine performance and emissions. These are controlled within the engine ECU and follow a specific operating strategy to achieve objectives such as NOx reduction and fuel economy. However, these two goals are conflicting and a compromise is required. The operating state depends on system constraints such as engine speed, load, temperature levels, and aftertreatment system efficiency. This results in constantly changing target values to stay within the defined limits, especially the legal emission limits. The conventional approach is to use multiple operating modes. Each mode represents a specific compromise and is activated accordingly. Multiple modes are required to meet emissions regulations under all required conditions, which increases the calibration effort. This new control approach uses an artificial neural network to replace the conventional multiple mode approach. The desired engine emission and temperature limits, for example based on SCR conversion efficiency, are sent to the artificial neural network, which controls the actuators to meet the desired limits. It also enables the lowest possible fuel consumption or, for example, the highest possible exhaust gas enthalpy within the given system state. A simulation environment was created to investigate the benefits of this approach. A cold heavy-duty emission cycle was simulated with the conventional and the new approach. While both approaches had the same tailpipe NOx emissions during the emission cycle, the new approach achieved a fuel consumption reduction of 0.9%. Since this method allows semi-automatic calibration and training of the artificial neural network, the manual calibration effort can be reduced compared to the conventional approach as an additional advantage. In conclusion, this study introduced a new approach to the control of the internal combustion engine and demonstrated through simulations that the new control approach can further optimize the synergies between the engine and the exhaust gas aftertreatment.


Several species of the Myrcia genus have been used in folk medicine to treat diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase in the crude extract (EBF) and in the ethyl acetate fraction (FFA) of Myrcia hatschbachii, as well as to identify isolated phenolic compounds and to evaluate the antioxidant property and preliminary in vitro toxicity against Artemia salina. EBF (IC50: 3.21 μg/mL) and FFA (IC50: 1.14 μg/mL) showed inhibitory activity superior to acarbose (IC50: 193.65 μg/mL). In addition, they showed inhibitory effects of pancreatic lipase (IC50: 556.58 μg/mL for EBF and 532.68 μg/mL for FFA), antioxidant potential, absence of preliminary toxicity and presence of gallic andellagic acids in FFA. The relevant results in the inhibition of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase motivate new studies for the development of herbal medicines that assist in the treatment of diabetic patients.


Hydroponic vegetable cultivation is a growing business. Higher selling prices compared to vegetables in general and consumer interest in hydroponic vegetables are opportunities for profit. The purpose of this study was to determine marketing strategies and efforts to increase the competitiveness of hydroponic vegetables. This research is a case study at CV DewaPonik which operates hydroponic vegetables in Bantul Regency. The data analysis method used SWOT matrix analysis. The results showed that the highest value weighting result of 3.92 was in quadrant 1, by developing the Strength – Opportunity (S – O) strategy as the main priority. CV DewaPonik needs to improve the quality of hydroponic vegetable products so that they can compete with other farmers and need to add types of vegetables so that consumers can buy various types of vegetables. Target consumers need to be expanded by marketing hydroponic vegetable products to restaurants, hotels and supermarkets.


carcinoma patient with lung metastases in whom FDG PET showed increased uptake in the metastatic foci but not in the primary lesion. In conclusion, FDG PET results in our case suggest that FDG PET can clearly identify skeletal involvement. Also, FDG PET can detect some extraskeletal lesions such as muscle involvement and retro-ocular lesions. The role of FDG PET imaging in evaluation of extra-osseous lesions needs further investigation.


A procedure for calculating core-electron binding energies (CEBEs), based on a total-energy difference approach within Kohn–Sham density functional theory, was investigated. Ten functional combinations and several basis sets (including unscaled, scaled, and core-valence correlated functions) were studied using a database of reliable observed CEBEs. The functionals designed by Perdew and Wang (1986 exchange and 1991 correlation) were found to give the best performance with an average absolute deviation from experiment of 0.15 eV. The scaled basis sets did not perform satisfactorily, but it was found that the core-valence correlated cc-pCVTZ basis functions were an excellent alternative to the cc-pV5Z set as they provided equally accurate results and could be applied to larger molecules.


Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) driven by Sporosarcina pasteurii was highly efficient for heavy metal (i.e., Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+) removal in the range of 50 to 800 mg/L. Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria were sequentially inoculated in nutrient broths amended with increased concentrations of heavy metals separately to improve the resistance to heavy metal environments. In the absence of Ca2+, the increasing urea concentration was conducive to Cd2+ removal with the best removal ratio 89.9–99.7% at a urea concentration of 2.0 mol/L, but had little positive effect on Cu2+ and Pb2+ removal, with a removal ratio of 62.6–64.4% and 71.4–97.6%, respectively, at a urea concentration of 0.5 mol/L. The heavy metal coprecipitated with Ca2+, leading to much more effective heavy metal removal, and the removal efficiency of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ could reach 98.0–99.0, 78.1–82.1 and 98.0–100.0%, respectively. The Cu2+ deposit aggregated and cemented to form clusters, different from Cd2+ and Pb2+ deposits with comparatively dispersed microstructure. For all the three heavy metal precipitates, the predominant mineral was identified as calcite, the most thermodynamically stable polymorph of CaCO3.


Contact metamorphic zones are not observed in the Gishun massif. This observation suggests that tectonics played an important role in the implacement of peridotite. According to petrographic and petrochemical studies of ultramafic rocks, Gishun`s ultramafic rocks are classified as ultramafic of lherzolite subgroup, although still retains some features of harzburgite subgroups.


Even since the end of 19th century, the Russian scientist and pioneer immunologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (or Elie Metchnikoff, as his name is often written), investigating the factors that could enhance or decrease health and longevity, advanced the idea of the harmful intestinal bacteria as the source of the inflammatory process; the thermal preparation of all fruits and vegetables and the regular consumption of yogurt or other types of sour milk were proposed as solutions for the intestinal putrefaction that precipitated the aging process. He emphasized, in particular, the positive, neutralization effect of the so-called Bulgarian Bacillus from the Bulgarian yogurt upon intestinal microbiome, as proven by the health and longevity of the highlanders who include large amounts of soured milk in their diet.1‒5


Acute and critical illness,major surgery,organ transplantation,and the resulted pathological process can produce different degrees of damage to body organs,the effective application of medication may reduce the extent of the damage to major organs.Ulinastatin is a trypsin inhibitor purified from the urine of healthy adult males,which is non-immunogenic,and can inhibit the excessive release of trypsin,lysosomes,and inflammatory mediators,inhibit the generation of myocardial inhibitory factor,remove oxygen free radicals,stablize lysosome membrane,and improve microcirculation,playing an important role in the protection of multiple major organs.


Most of the papers featured in Issue 1/2023 of the Journal present results from the project Language Competence and Language Policies. A Typology of the Deviations from the Orthoepic Norms carried out by the Department of Modern Bulgarian Language at the Institute for Bulgarian Language.


Objectives: This study thus set out to examine the health literacy and self-care behaviors of community-dwelling elderly patients with hypertension and investigate their relations and influential factors, thus providing basic data to develop a nursing intervention program to promote self-care behaviors among hypertension patients. Methods: The subjects include 180 hypertension patients using community health centers, public senior centers, and welfare centers in Jeju. Results: The subjects scored a mean of 49.8 (±12.4) points on health literacy and 55.8 (±6.7) points on self-care behaviors. In the results of hierarchical regression analysis, health literacy independently predicted self-care behaviors (β=.12, p=.050) after controlling for general characteristics, hypertension-related knowledge and self-efficacy. Conclusions: These results suggest that interventions for improving health literacy are important to enhance elder's ability of self-care behaviors. It is necessary to understand the health literacy of elderly patients with hypertension before providing them with educational intervention and information and to develop appropriate educational materials and intervention programs.


Abstract : The basic question is should the Army escalate the modernization rate at which Army Morale, Welfare, and Recreation facilities and programs are being improved. How best can the Army accomplish a program of modernization when the need seems so much larger than the means. Would commercial contracting of selected Army Morale, Welfare, and Recreation programs produce management efficiencies and economies of operation and/or sufficient and significant private capital to replace these vital morale-enhancing activities and modern and pleasing physical plants. Graphs and tables show funding levels, locations, and information about families.


The imbalance between the costs and benefits of DCFTAs is a call to the EU to display greater thoughtfulness and pragmatism if it does not want to lose support for reforms in its neighbourhood. What has to happen so that their potential can be more beneficial? The Policy Brief written by Amat Adarov and Peter Havlik in cooperation with Bertelsmann Stiftung discusses the policy implications of the agreements.


This tutorial article reviews models and associated unsupervised learning algorithms for tensor decompositions (TD) and MultiWay Component Analysis (MWCA). Our aim is to make the area of tensor decompositions approachable to a wider signal processing readership, and to show how they can be made efficient by incorporating various physically meaningful criteria, constraints and assumptions. We next briefly overview emerging models and approaches for multi-block constrained matrix/tensor decompositions in applications to groupand linkedmultiway component analysis, feature extraction, classification and clustering. The MWCA is a promising methodology for many "cause-effect" type signal processing problems due to its ability to decompose multiway data through the interaction of multiple factors or components. We illuminate that tensor decompositions are natural (non-trivial) and versatile generalizations of some most commonly used signal processing tools such correlation and component analysis and linear regressions. Following the basics of tensor multilinear algebra and decompositions models, tensor canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and higherorder partial least squares (PLS) are introduced in an intuitive way are supported by illustrative examples.


The relevance of the study is driven by the role of advertising as a genre of mass media discourse in the formation of collective and individual conceptual and linguistic pictures of the world, the conceptual system of the subject of interpretation of the world around him, human consciousness, structuring, formation and transformation of knowledge about the world, and interpretation of knowledge. The research material was modern English-language advertising messages on the English-language Internet. The analysis of the practical material has shown that although the analyzed advertising messages do not directly indicate the evaluation of a product or commodity, it is still implicitly traced: some advertising messages advertise high-quality, new products, while others contain an appeal. It is concluded that the linguistic interpretation of advertising messages is represented by three types: selective, classifying, and evaluative. When interpreting an advertising message, a person, as a representative of a certain society, chooses in his or her mind those units of knowledge about an object of the surrounding world that he or she possesses. In other words, selective conceptualization takes place, which means that the selective function of interpretation is realized. The classifying type of linguistic interpretation implies an appeal to certain emotions and feelings of the subject of interpretation, as well as the division of goods into categories (tasty, useful, high-quality, new), which is evident in advertising messages. It has been proven that the implicit evaluation of goods and services as objects of interpretation indicates the evaluative type of linguistic interpretation.


[reaction: see text] Readily available 4-propargyl-1,3-cyclohexanediones and cyclopentanediones can be chemo- and regioselectively cycloisomerized to synthetically appealing fused oxabicyclic systems by simply stirring at room temperature with catalytic amounts of an appropriate metal complex.


CuPc/Y zeolite was prepared by using solid gel, CuPc being encapsulated into supercages of zeolite Y Effects of crystallization conditions of zeolite Y synthesized on CuPc/Y characteristics were investigated CuPc/Y zeolite was characterized by ICP, TG DTA, SEM, FT IR, UV VIS and catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane in the presence of hydrogen peroxide The results show that 85% of copper complex in amorphous silica alumina gel can be encapsulated in NaY supercages after hydrothermal crystallization CuPc encapsulated in zeolite NaY has higher catalytic activity in cyclohexane oxidation than the neat CuPc


The State-Trait Cheerfulness Inventory (STCI) assesses latent traits and states of cheerfulness, seriousness, and bad mood to represent the temperamental basis of humor. The present study (1) tested the generalizability of the three-factor model in both state and trait versions of the STCI across European Canadian (N = 489) and first generation Chinese Canadian (N = 147) participants completing the English version of the STCI and (2) compared latent mean differences. Results indicated the confirmatory factor analyses of the three-factor model for European White participants born in Canada and Chinese participants born in China showed adequate fit for both trait and state measures. Furthermore, substantial equivalence of factor model parameters and partial scalar invariance were found for both the state and trait STCI measures. In examining latent mean differences, European White Canadian participants reported significantly higher trait cheerfulness, z = 3.30, p < .001, d = 0.84, and lower trait bad mood z = 3.25, p < .01, d = 0.80 compared to the Chinese Canadian groups. European White Canadian participants reported significantly lower state bad mood, z = 3.59, p < .001, d = 1.15, compared to the Chinese Canadian groups. Limitations and future directions based on study findings are discussed.


FEASIBILITY STUDIES OF THE FLUIDITY INDEX APPLICATION AS AN ALUMINIUM ALLOY QUALITY INDICATOR IN INDUSTRY. The cleanness of aluminium ingots from the impurities is an important factor to produce high quality die casting products. The impurities which come from oxides, carbida, salts or other compounds may form inclusion and porosity in the casting products. They affects to the fluidity of the molten metal. In other words, cleaner molten metals will increase the fluidity index. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the application of fluidity index as a quality indicator of the raw materials of the die casting process, especially for Al-7% Si alloys (ADC 12). The fluidity index was tested and observed by using vacuum testing method. The results show that the fluidity index in the temperature range of 640-700 C of Al-A ingots = 100-125 mm + 10 mm and Al-B ingots = 100-175 mm + 51 mm and Al-C ingots = 100-175 + 24 mm, respectively. It means also that the quality of Al-C ingots is relatively better than Al-A and Al-B ingots in terms of their flowability and their processing quality. The microstructure observations show that the porosity population of Al-C ingot (1,37%) is lesser than Al-A ingots (2.35%) and Al-B ingots (1.82%).


This research entitle Influence of Investment And Amount Labour to Output of is Effort Industrial Home of Godly Soybean Cake of Town of Kediri. As effort business which
orienting advantage also, industrial home which represent one of the small industry type ought to apply good management and planning ready area of raw material, production process, depository result of production, and marketing of production result.
Intention of this research is to know how big influence of labour amount and investment to output at effort industrial home of godly soybean cake in Town of Kediri.
To know how big influence af labour amount and investment to output at effort industrial home of godly soybean cake of Town of Kediri hence used by analyzer test double linear
regression.
Pursuant to result of result and research analyse data, hence known that investment variable (Xl) and labour amount (X2) collectively / together is same to have an effect on
to output (Y) equal to 38,2 % supported with F (calculate) equal to 7,413 bigger than F table equal to 2,46 and its storey, level is equal to 0,001.
Pursuant to result of analysis, that is investment (Xl) having an effect on to output (Y) hence shall industrial home more focused investment variable but don t disregard labour factor.


This article seeks to highlight the policies of recognition and appreciation of teachers along the historical process. It also aims to analyze the establishment of low wages paid to Elementary School teachers in Minas Gerais, as well as the policies of professional recognition created by the state governments for the profession of teacher. It also investigates, in the history of Minas Gerais, some elements that reveal how teachers becomes workers and the initial wages set by the governments and the taxes created to finance education. Finally, it unveils how the Minhas Gerais governments recognized the profession, set wages and evaluated the struggles for the constitution of the professorship between 1900 and 2014.


Synthesis algorithm for mixed lumped and distributed element networks is presented. The algorithm is based on transfer scattering matrix factorization The mixed structure is composed of ladder lumped-elements connected with commensurate transmission lines (Unit elements, UEs). Reflection function expression in twovariable is utilized in the algorithm. First, the type of the element that will be extracted is determined. After obtaining the value of the element, it is extracted, and the reflection function of the remaining network is obtained by using transfer scattering matrix factorization method. Algorithm is given for low-pass structures (similar algorithms have been prepared for high-pass, band-pass and band-stop structures). An example is included to illustrate the implementation of the proposed algorithm.


I am glad that The Institute of Physics has given careful consideration to the shortage of physics teachers in schools. There are, however, some points which might well be considered further.


Abstract A new reductive cleavage of secondary alcohols via methylthionocarbonates has been developed and applied to the synthesis of 21, 31-dideoxynucleosides.


A fatal case of acute obstetric yellow atrophy (of Sheehan) in a twin gestation is presented and the literature is reviewed. The unique aspects of the case included an isolated hyperuricemia detected ten days before either clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatic decompensation, and the concomitant occurrence of a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy at the onset of clinical deterioration. Subsequent laboratory investigation and therapeutic management of the failure of multiple organ systems are described and discussed.


When Barthes starts to conceptualize his courses at the Collège de France, he envisions a methodology which he actually considers to be an 'anti-method', that is to say, an 'unscientific' method which goes against the grain of traditional education. He pursues the method of his seminars at the École Pratique des Hautes Etudes, especially the seminar that ended up with the publication of A Lover's Discourse. In the conclusion to the seminar, Barthes turns to Nietzsche to ground this 'anti-method' and to substantiate his claim that literature is a vital dimension of his research and teaching. In the introductory session of Comment vivre ensemble, Barthes labels this 'anti-method' – once more with the help of Nietzsche – 'paideia'. This article aims to scrutinize the scope, the potentialities and the risks of this Greek word to Barthes's theory and ideas on life, criticism and literature.


Aim:  In this article, for the first time, we investigate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in ovarian epithelial neoplasms from a group of 71 Italian women. The follow ups of the patients with or without HPV DNA were also considered to evaluate whether HPV DNA in these tumors could be an indicator of prognosis.


One particularly described for start-stop operation of the starter device (1), the starting device having a starter control means (2), a plurality of the starter motor (20, 30) and at least one coupling means (15, 25 , 35), in order to start the internal combustion engine (5) for each coupling means of the starter motor can be the internal combustion engine (5) is coupled with. To be able to realize during the lifetime of the internal combustion engine starter device having a higher number of starting cycles easily distributed, according to a defined operating state can be triggered by the start control means all, or a portion of a single start machine motor (10,20,30), in order to start the internal combustion engine (5).


In this work, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) reliability of the OFF- and ON-state NMOS field-effect transistors in a bulk FinFET technology are investigated. The impacts of source and drain epitaxy influenced by the gate pitch (GP) and the gate length (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are studied. In the OFF-state NMOSFET, which is known as grounded-gate NMOS (ggNMOS), the large GP introduces nonuniform epitaxy on source and drain, which cause high power density localization in device. The large <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> effectively helps the ESD performance of ggNMOS in ways of better turn-on and contact current uniformity. The ON-state NMOSFET as an active power-rail clamp is also studied in 3-D TCAD simulations. The device shows little difference to transient responses, while the clamping voltage can be different with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and GPs. With the same gate space, the short <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${L}_{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> device has a lower clamping voltage and ON-resistance, which reduces oxide breakdown risk and achieves better ESD performance.


In order to verify the validity of equivalent sound level,equivalent time and prediction model of railway noise,a spacious space was selected as the testing spot in this paper,and two methods were applied to record the noise strength and lasting time when the train was passing by in 30maway from the center of outward track,then the results were used to predict the one hour equivalent continuous A lever in 60m,which would compare with the testing result in 60m.The results shown that when the loudest noise was used as noise source,and the lasting time between passing and leaving nearby as equivalent time,the error of prediction results and monitoring results ranged-0.3-0.9 dB(A)and the variance was 0.229,the prediction was coincided with monitoring results and had lower dispersed degree.On the basis of experimental results,this paper analyzed the reasons causing deviation and proposed suggestion to reduce deviation.


Video smoothing techniques can be used to facilitate more effective transmission and to preserve better video quality. In this paper we develop a semi-optimal video smoothing approach to manage the transmission rates of MPEG-4 and H.264 video over a QoS-based wireless LTE network. The proposed technique utilizes a smoothing buffer with pre-defined thresholds to smooth the transmission rates while assuming minimal information about the video to be transmitted. The results obtained showed a significant improvements in smoothing transmission rate variability. In addition, we show a model for the wireless LTE channel and use it as a feedback to manage smoothing and regulate and map the transmission rates based on the availability of network resources.


The wide use of computers and network has produced huge influence to the university students' behavior pattern,value mindset,political attitude,moral concept,etc.Therefore,it is rather important and urgent to hold the opportunity,exert the advantage,explore the new ideological and political work path,and build the new ideological and political work terrace under the network environment.This paper analyzes some beneficial conditions and the problems that need to be rosolved at once,and explores some measures to strengthen the university students's ideological and political work.


Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is one of the world's most economically important crops. Elucidation of molecular, biochemical and physiological mechanisms of the biosynthesis of the seed metabolic components provides valuable information for improvement of seed quality. In this study, we evaluated the application of RNA interference (RNAi) to study on biosynthetic mechanisms of seed components. First we validated our RNAi vector to regulate metabolic compounds by the introduction to somatic embryos. Expression of the gene for phytoene desaturase, a key enzyme in carotenoid synthesis, was suppressed by RNAi in somatic embryos, resulting in reduced levels of carotenoids and a characteristic photobleaching phenotype. Next, two RNAi vectors containing distinct regions of β-amyrin synthase gene, which encodes a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of saponins, were introduced to the somatic embryos. The transgenic plants regenerated and reproduced seeds without any phenotypic abnormality. The transgenic seeds exhibited the drastic reduction of saponin contents by the suppression of the β-amyrin synthase genes. Our results thus suggest that RNAi would be a powerful tool in the functional analysis of the seed components in soybean with duplicated genome structure. Soy Protein Research, Japan 12, 40-45, 2009.


We have prepared monodisperse suspensions of nematic liquid crystal droplets in water. The droplets are stabilized by polyvinyl alcohol, a polymer that induces planar anchoring of the liquid crystal molecules at the surface of the droplets. The resultant particles exhibit strong optical anisotropy while having a spherical shape. As a consequence, the light scattering from the particles contains a strong depolarized component. We report a simple application of this feature by performing dynamic light scattering experiments to measure the rotational diffusion of colloidal spheres in a dilute suspension.


The computer simulation of magnetization process of a single powder particle of the Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnet has been performed. Three types of hysteresis loops have been observed at different conditions: Stoner-Wohlfarth like type, contracted loop and normal hysteresis loop with a good rectangularity. The behavior of the reduced remanence, the intrinsic coercivity and the change of maximum magnetic energy product with the grain size, a,and the content of the soft phase, fm, have been studied. For the model nanocomposite magnetsof fm=40% and the grain size a=25 nm, the optimum value of (BH)max=375 kJ/m3 is attained.It is remarkably enhanced in comparison with the maximum of (BH.)max=264 kJ/m3 of the pure Nd-Fe-B magnet.


Forest-based common pool resources provide legal access by way of property regimes outlined by the government. These are either limited rights on reserved forests; rights as specified in protected and unclassed forests; a new genre of rights under evolving joint forest management schemes; and rights on village and panchayat forests. The nature of rights and concessions granted varies extensively across states. For instance, different rules of access for grazing and fuel-wood collection exist in different states. Similarly, collection of non-timber forest products, both for sale and self-use, is allowed in some states but not in others.


he paper title "Delivering Inclusive Growth for Economic T Development in Nigeria."Aimed at examining economic development in Nigeria with a view to proposing measures for delivering inclusive growth to achieve economic development. This was achieved through examining the condition of economic development in Nigeria, explaining the concept of inclusive growth, describing delivery of inclusive growth and proposing measures for delivering inclusive growth to achieve economic development in Nigeria. The method used in the study was pure literature research and consulted journals, internet materials, conference and seminar papers among others. The findings of the paper are Inadequate infrastructure, Delay in the passage of legislative reforms, Inefficient property registration system, Restrictive trade policies, Inconsistent regulatory environment, Slow and ineffective judicial system, Unreliable dispute resolution mechanism, Insecurity, Pervasive corruption and High level of poverty. The paper described key ingredient elements that included investment in human capital, job creation, structural transformation, progressive tax policy, social protection, impartiality in dealings, establishment of institutions and good governance in delivery of inclusive growth and recommended Empowerment of capable leadership, prioritization of inclusive growth programmes, intensification of pressure on performance, establishment and utilization of inclusive growth entity, development of essential skills, encouragement of external stakeholders and spiritual development of the people to ensure delivering inclusive growth and achievement of economic development in Nigeria.


Research on Earth's free oscillations generated by large earthquakes gives important support to the study of Earth's deep internal structure. Comparing calculated normal modes' eigenperiods with observed predications can offer an efficient constraint on the study of Earth's internal structure and new earth models. Using the numerical integration method and earth model G-D1066A, we obtain 187 eigenperiods of 0 to 48 degrees. The relative errors between our results and previous three theoretical or four observed predictions are less than 0.3%. The analysis shows that because the effects of density and Lame's parameters in different layers of the earth's interior are considered, the eigenperiods we obtained have good precision. The theoretical results presented in this paper can give an effective reference for revising the parameters of the real Earth's interior.


The hamster strain CHF147 presents a progressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) due to a large deletion of the delta‐sarcoglycan gene that leads to heart failure. This cardiomyopathy induces premature death. We have previously shown that a short‐term treatment using IGF‐1 preserves cardiac structure and improves function of the CHF147 hamster.


A potentially highly destructive spider mite, Tetranychus Marianne Gregor, was first reported in California infesting nightshade, Solarium sp.. near San Bernardina in August 1965. The mite was found at Riverside, California, in June 1966, infesting lily-of-the-valley vine, Sal pechora rhomboids Mires. Both solanaceous hosts were severely damaged, resulting in considerable mortality. Subsequent greenhouse tests indicated that solanaceous plants were preferred hosts with tomato, Irish potato, eggplant, silver leaf nightshade ( Solarium elaeagnifoliun ), and lily-of-the-valley vine being killed within 3 to 5 weeks after being infested with mature T. Marianne females. Similarly infested bell pepper, cotton, and castor bean plants were only lightly injured. Similar results were obtained when the tests were conducted outdoors. By September, infestations were generally widespread on plants at the University of California Citrus Research Center and Agricultural Experiment Station, Riverside, being found on wild nightshade, and experimental plantings of tomato and exotic Solanaceae, with severe damage and mortality frequently occurring. Predators were noticeably absent on heavily infested plants. Preliminary life-history studies of T. Marianne revealed that a generation from egg to egg was completed in 8 days, and that an average of 16 eggs per female per day was laid by 25 field-collected females during a 5-day period, when reared on Irish potato plants in the in sectary at 82°F and 50% RH.


A multi-agent approach is proposed in the complex researches time and cost indicators of multimodal freight transportation on the railway loop, carried out in the direction of the port unloading stations. Along with the traditional subjects of the transportation process, such as the infrastructure owner, the carrier, the operator company (the rolling stock owner), the logistics company and clients (consignors and cargo's owners), a "green logistics" agent is introduced. This agent is a concept that accumulates forms of manifestation of a conscious attitude of society to the environment in transport and logistics activities. Based on the assessment of the transport and technological railway loop infrastructure and the cost of transport services, a mathematical model of the freight transportation process is built, which is a multi-criteria transport problem. The choice of objective functions and constraints in the task is aimed at, first of all, taking into account the diverse interests of the agent "green logistics". The algorithm for solving the problem, presented in the form of an integer programming problem, is based on the fundamental principles of the egalitarian and utilitarian approaches in the welfare theory. The implementation of the corresponding calculations for the grain transportation is performed in the environment of the computer mathematics system.


The current study aimed to identify therapeutic gene and microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The public expression profile GSE30122 was used. Following data preprocessing, the limma package was used to select differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in DKD glomeruli samples and tubuli samples and they were compared with corresponding controls. Then overlapping DEGs in glomeruli and tubuli were identified and enriched analysis was performed. In addition, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis as well as sub-network analysis was conducted. miRNAs of the overlapping DEGs were investigated using WebGestal. A total of 139 upregulated and 28 downregulated overlapping DEGs were selected, which were primarily associated with pathways involved in extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interactions and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. CD44, fibronectin 1, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 were four primary nodes in the PPI network. miRNA (miR)-17-5p, miR-20a and miR-106a were important and nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3), protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type O (PTPRO) and Kruppel like factor 9 (KLF9) were all predicted as target genes of the three miRNAs in the integrated miRNA-target network. Several genes were identified in DKD, which may be involved in pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Three miRNAs may also be used as biomarkers for therapy of DKD, including miR-17-5p, miR-20a and miR-106a, with the predicted targets of NR4A3, PTPRO and KLF9.


This contribution presents an isotropic magnetic field probe with shaped frequency response in the band 100 kHz - 400 MHz to ponder the aggregate response according to the ICNIRP 2020 guidelines. The basic sensor is a printed loop which is modelled as a Thévenin source obtained through full-wave simulation. A canonical filter is optimized considering the frequency response of the equivalent source, the detector and the desired transfer function. Finally, a cubic arrangement of three elementary sensors is used to assess the isotropy and isolation of the probe.


Background and Objective: Few small observational studies have described various therapeutic interventions utilized in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients based on single/multi-center experiences across the globe. Understanding the utilization of available and possible treatments to curb the COVID-19 pandemic is paramount. We aimed to identify the prevalence and disease-associated utilization of specific therapeutic reagents in hospitalized COVID-19 patients as a function of severity status. Methods: In systematic review and meta-analysis, extracted data on treatments utilized and severity of COVID-19 hospitalized patients from observational studies using PRISMA guidelines from December 1, 2019 to August 20, 2020. The pooled prevalence and odds of treatment utilization were obtained, and created forest plots using random‐effects models. Results: 29 studies with 8570 COVID-19-positive patients were included. Higher odds of the utilization of steroids (pooled OR:4.47; 95%CI:3.18–6.28; p<0.00001), antibiotics (3.1;1.81–5.30; p<0.0001), and IV Immunoglobulin (IVIG) (3.76;2.11–6.72; p<0.00001) was observed in patients with severe disease. No association of remdesivir (initially administered via clinical trials and subsequently FDA-approved during this study period), lopinavir/ritonavir, or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment with the severity of disease was observed. Conclusion: Higher utilization of steroids, lopinavir/ritonavir, antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and IV Immunoglobulin (IVIG) was observed in severe COVID-19 patients. Due to limited studies on remdesivir, its accurate utilization could not be delineated. Currently, no Level A evidence favoring single-drug treatment for COVID-19 exists, and trials are needed of combination therapy to evaluate efficacy on the survival outcome.


For the planning rationality of intelligent vehicle path planning and trajectory tracking, driving stability, In this paper, the traditional TEB (Timed-Elastic-Band) algorithm is used to plan the initial trajectory based on the desired trajectory, which satisfies the kinetic constraints of intelligent vehicles, has a better time and avoids dynamic obstacles, and the speed jitter caused by excessive acceleration and the front wheel angle jump caused by insufficient lateral sway angle constraints. By improving the traditional TEB algorithm, the secondary planning is carried out on the planned trajectory in the lateral and longitudinal directions to make the obtained trajectory smoother and more reasonable, and the local path planner design is completed. The effectiveness of the method is further verified by the simulation platform of Carsim/Simulink. The results show that the proposed method can ensure the rationality of trajectory planning and driving stability.


© 2018 Vasana Tolieng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License -NonCommercialShareAlikeUnported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/). *Corresponding Author Vasana Tolieng, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. E-mail: tvasana @ chula.ac.th Diversity of Yeasts and Their Ethanol Production at high Temperature


Objective To investigate the pathology,clinical features,imaging manifestations,diagnosis and Differential diagnosis.Methods The clinical data;imaging findings,pathology and treatment of retroperitoneal extra-skeletal osteosarcoma in one case was retrospectively analyzed with literature review.Results Abdominal CT and BUS of a senile man revealed an enormous heterogeneous neoplasm within the retroperitoneal space accompanied by abundant calcification.The lesion was obviously enhanced past gadolinium-enhanced.Intraoperative findings of inferior vena cava tumor suppression,and the neighboring liver,right kidney ill-defined.Conclusion Retroperitoneal extra-skeletal osteosarcoma is insidious,Low incidence and poor prognosis.And the occurrence of this disease in the retroperitoneal be accompanied by calcification,ossification differentiated from other tumors.The final diagnosis of the disease requires clinical history,imaging,laboratory and pathology examination combined.


In this paper,we consider a class of predator-prey system with functional responses.Through qualitative analysis of the model in detail, some sufficient conditions of the global stability of the trajectory, and the existence and uiqueness of limit cycle of the system are obtained.


From the angle of the landscape and the environment of the settlements in Wannan based on the synthetic study system of landscape ecology,this paper presents the study on the distribution?the spatial image of the lanes and the architectural form to aim at providing a way of creating a new kind of ecology environment in a higher level.


Let {Xn} be a stationary and ergodic time series taking values from a finite or countably infinite set X and that f(X) is a function of the process with finite second moment. Assume that the distribution of the process is otherwise unknown. We construct a sequence of stopping times λn along which we will be able to estimate the conditional expectation E(f(Xλn+1)|X0, . . . , Xλn) from the observations (X0, . . . , Xλn) in a point wise consistent way for a restricted class of stationary and ergodic finite or countably infinite alphabet time series which includes among others all stationary and ergodic finitarily Markovian processes. If the stationary and ergodic process turns out to be finitarily Markovian (in particular, all stationary and ergodic Markov chains are included in this class) then limn→∞ n λn > 0 almost surely. If the stationary and ergodic process turns out to possess finite entropy rate then λn is upper bounded by a polynomial, eventually almost surely.


Modern man is in search of spiritual solace to help relieve him of his mundane problems. In his search for such comfort he tends to land himself in the snare of some misguided spiritual claimants, who are packing religion to suit the person. Thus some are advancing the idea of segregation between the three fundamentals of Islam: iman, Islam and ihsan. This paper attempts to put the record straight by presenting the mutual inclusiveness of these terms with one another and how they complete the wholesomeness of the religion of Islam.


Summary: Through this educational activity, the learner will be able to evaluate implementation strategies for comprehensive educational pipeline programming targeting rural underrepresented nursing students, and evaluate existing pipeline programming in increasing recruitment, retention and success of underrepresented students.


Under the new National Water Act the River Health Programme has Stakeholder Communication and Environmental Education (SCEE) as one of its components. This programme seeks to develop tools to help water resource managers involve previously disadvantaged communities in managing river ecosystems sustainably. This paper discusses the processes, procedures and methods undertaken in the pilot studies for SCEE. It stresses the need for respect for the cultural lifestyles of indigenous peoples, because traditional knowledge can build on the scientific knowledge of our country's aquatic ecosystems.


mTOR has emerged as an important regulator of T helper cell differentiation. Here we demonstrate that TH1 and TH17 differentiation is selectively regulated by Rheb-dependent mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Rheb-deficient T cells fail to generate TH1 and TH17 responses in vitro and in vivo and cannot induce classical experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, they retain their ability to become TH2 cells. Alternatively, when mTORC2 signaling is deleted in T cells, they fail to generate TH2 cells in vitro and in vivo but preserve their ability to become TH1 and TH17 cells. Our data provide mechanisms by which the two distinct signaling pathways downstream of mTOR differentially regulate helper cell fate. These findings define a novel paradigm linking T cell differentiation with selective metabolic signaling pathways. The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved member of the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH (PI-3)-kinase-related kinase (PI3KK) family that plays a central role in the regulation of metabolism, protein synthesis, energy balance, proliferation and survival 1. mTOR senses environmental cues such as amino acids, insulin, and growth factors and then integrates these signals in order to regulate cellular metabolism 2. mTOR forms the core of two distinct signaling complexes whose activation is differentially regulated 3, 4. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) contains the scaffolding protein regulatoryassociated protein of mTOR (Raptor) as well as mlST8 (mammalian lethal with Sec13 protein 8), PRAS40 (the proline-rich Akt substrate 40 kDa) and DEP-domain-containing Users may view, print, copy, download and text and datamine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use: http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms Corresponding Author, Phone 410-502-7887, firstname.lastname@example.com. AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS G.M.D. performed the research, helped design experiments, and wrote the paper. K.N.P. assisted with in vivo experiments and biochemistry. A.T.W. assisted with EAE induction, CNS isolation, and performed immunohistochemistry. E.H. assisted with VLD rapamycin experiments. D.J.M. synthesized the mTOR kinase inhibitor. M.R.H. helped design experiments and contributed reagents. B.X. and P.F.W. generated the original Rheb floxed mouse line. J.D.P. designed experiments, oversaw research, and wrote the paper. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Nat Immunol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 October 01. Published in final edited form as: Nat Immunol. 2011 April ; 12(4): 295–303. doi:10.1038/ni.2005. A uhor M anscript


The objectives to evaluate and compare the activities/selectivities of fine-particle size catalysts being developed in the DOE/PETC Advanced Research (AR) Coal Liquefaction program by using standard coal liquefaction activity test procedures. Previously reported results have described the standard test procedure developed at Sandia to evaluate fine-particle size iron catalysts being developed in DOE/PETC`s AR Coal Liquefaction Program and described the evaluation of several catalysts (commercially available pyrite, University of Pittsburgh`s catalyst, Pacific Northwest Laboratories` catalyst) using these procedures. The test uses DECS-17 Blind Canyon Coal, phenanthrene as the reaction solvent, and a factorial experimental design that enables evaluation of a catalyst over ranges of temperature (350 to 400{degree}C), time (20 to 60 minutes), and catalyst loading (0 to 1 wt % on an as-received coal basis). Recent work has focused on the evaluation of West Virginia University`s iron catalyst that WVU impregnated on DECS-17 Blind Canyon coal. Results showed good activity for this catalyst including the highest amount of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (13.2%) observed in a reaction product and a small but significant catalytic effect for heptane conversion (0.5%). Additional experiments are being performed to enable comparison with previously tested catalysts. Tetrahydrofuran insolubles from selected reactions have been sent to the University of Kentucky for Mossbauer characterization of the iron phases present.


Abstract Malus spectabilis 'Guanghui' is an important ornamental plant, which complete chloroplast genome (Accession: MT501657) was sequenced, assembled and annotated. The genome size is 1601,230 bp and the overall GC content is 36.50%, with large single-copy (LSC, 89,310bp) regions, small single-copy (SSC, 19,196 bp) regions, and two inverted repeat regions (IRs, 23,632bp each). A total of 129 genes are successfully annotated, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic relationships showed that Malus spectabilis 'Guanghui' is closely related to the species of Malus sieversii.


Not all link services are internet service provision susceptible to the safe harbour protection under Rule 23 of the Regulations for the Protection of Right of Communication Through Information Network(the Regulations).Whether a specific link service is an act to directly communicate information on the internet or one of internet service provision should not be determined on account of whether the content communicated resides in the server of the website.If content in the linked website is directly available to a user directly on the homepage of the website,it should then be determined,in principle,that one has directly performed the act of internet service provision unless said website can prove that it had passively provided the internet technology service,and had done no manual intervention,and meanwhile,the form of the webpage which it has made accessible to internet users to present specific content is determined by the linked website.


An engram is a physical trace of a memory – it consists of a subset of neurons that are active at the time a specific experience is encoded in the brain. These same neurons can be recruited at a later time to influence future behavior based on a learned experience. The hippocampus is a critical brain region for learning and memory and more recently has been shown to contribute to the control of feeding behaviors. Research in both rodents and humans supports a role for hippocampal-dependent memory in the regulation of food consumption. Thus, consumption of a meal could lead to the formation of an engram in the hippocampus to subsequently guide feeding behaviors. In this talk, I will outline work conducted in rats investigating the function of subsets of neurons in the ventral region of the hippocampus that modulate feeding behaviors. First, I will discuss the relevance of a neurocircuitry connecting the ventral hippocampus to the lateral septum to facilitate foraging-related memory. Second, I will present work identifying specific neurons of the ventral hippocampus active in response to food consumption and demonstrate their role in regulating foraging-related memory and meal patterns.


In the globalizing world market, there are conditions of global cooperation and integration where competition and transformation are more demanding than ever before. In this respect, the fate of companies is determined by their ability to act and adapt. In this respect, it is necessary to act quickly, think creatively and adapt to changing conditions in a timely manner in order to survive in the conditions of high competition. For this reason, more and more companies in the public and private sectors are choosing to outsource their non-core business. Due to this basic fact, especially multinational companies are increasingly turning to outsourcing. The main reason why this strategy dominates, especially in the pharmaceutical industry, is that companies and governments sometimes have to cooperate to protect human health. Cooperation in the field of expertise and know-how in this sector and mutual exchange of knowledge and experience are of great importance. Outsourcing in the fields of production, distribution and consumption in the sense of global sharing of resources is becoming more and more common. This concept is gaining popularity especially in the healthcare industry. However, outsourcing has both advantages and disadvantages. In this respect, it is important to evaluate the outsourcing strategy with a holistic approach. In this study, outsourcing is examined with a pluralistic approach in this context. In this study, as an example of the increasing importance of outsourcing on a global basis, the pharmaceutical industry is considered as a basic example.


Accreditation is one form of approval and feasibility of universities or study programs conducted by the National Higher Education Accreditation Agency (BAN-PT). The purpose and benefits of higher education institution accreditation are to provide assurance that accredited tertiary institutions have met the quality standards set by BAN-PT. In order to be able to monitor and evaluate all activities to achieve the expected accreditation value, a management application is needed that is able to integrate the entire contents of supporting data one form of visualization that can describe it is the dashboard system. This research intend to establish an Accreditation Management Information System application with a dashboard appearance in the web-based Muhammadiyah University of Malang. This application is constructed using HTML, PHP, and Codeigniter Framework by using the MySQL storage format as a database. The development method used in system development is the Spiral development model. The results of this research are that the dashboard system can provide an overview of the position of accreditation values of the University, Faculty and Study Program, so that parties from each University management, Faculty and Study Program can take action to prepare and improve values to face future accreditation assessments. AbstractAccreditation is one form of approval and feasibility of universities or study programs conducted by the National Higher Education Accreditation Agency (BAN-PT). The purpose and benefits of higher education institution accreditation are to provide assurance that accredited tertiary institutions have met the quality standards set by BAN-PT. In order to be able to monitor and evaluate all activities to achieve the expected accreditation value, a management application is needed that is able to integrate the entire contents of supporting data one form of visualization that can describe it is the dashboard system. This research intend to establish an Accreditation Management Information System application with a dashboard appearance in the web-based Muhammadiyah University of Malang. This application is constructed using HTML, PHP, and Codeigniter Framework by using the MySQL storage format as a database. The development method used in system development is the Spiral development model. The results of this research are that the dashboard system can provide an overview of the position of accreditation values of the University, Faculty and Study Program, so that parties from each University management, Faculty and Study Program can take action to prepare and improve values to face future accreditation assessments.


This paper proposes an adaptation to the open source environment (Linux Kernel and OpenSolaris) of a model for predicting which bugs get fixed in the Microsoft Windows operating system. We have analyzed the entire bug repositories containing 16,136 bug reports reported in about 8 years of activity of the project (from 2002 to 2010) for the Linux Kernel and 16,301 bug reports reported in about 3 years of activity of the project (from 2007 to 2010) for OpenSolaris. According to the data analyzed and the descriptive models produced, we have found that (a) bugs reported by people with better reputation and bugs in which more people are involved are more likely to get fixed, (b) reassigning or re-opening bugs are not affecting the fix likelihood, and (c) managing bugs in the same location increases the fix likelihood. The predictive model defined has a precision of 61% and a recall of 39% for the Linux Kernel and a precision of 76% and a recall of 73% for OpenSolaris. These results are comparable with the ones for Microsoft Windows. document. Keywords-bugs; predictive models; open source


In equilibrium dialysis measurements employing labeled thyroxine, dilution of serum results in a decrease in the percent free thyroxine (PFT) ranging between 25 and 40%. This observation is contrary to the prediction from the law of mass action that the free thyroxine should actually increase slightly. Removal of weakly bound contaminants from the labeled thyroxine does not eliminate the dilution effect. Rather, the dilution phenomenon appears to be largely explained by ionic effects. Both chloride and phosphate ions are shown to inhibit thyroxine binding to serum proteins and raise the free thyroxine concentration. The chloride effect is proportional to increasing concentration over a wide range, but the phosphate effect does not increase beyond 0.05m. Thus when serum is diluted with phosphate buffer, the PFT decreases in a manner predictable from the final equilibrium concentrations of chloride and phosphate in each sample. The PFT is very sensitive to changes in pH. The magnitude of the pH effect is in...


In these papers, we experimentally explore the connection between a detector, which is a small vessel containing an in vitro enzyme-alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and its local environment via monitoring the ALP thermodynamic activity as the local environment is changed. Based on purely space-time (D-space) physics, there should be no change in ALP activity as the environment of the incubator/refrigerator is systematically altered. However, based on reciprocal spacetime (R-space/D-space) interactive physics, changes can be expected under appropriate conditions. Here we report on (a) the effects associated with having no Faraday cage vs. an empty Faraday cage made from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 layers of copper screen located on the shelf beside the detector and (b) the same as (a) but with an ALP-solution vessel at various D-space locations in the Faraday Cage. Experimentally, we find statistically significant changes in ALP activity as the environment of the control vessel is systematically changed. The territory currently being explored to explain these results involves selecting an appropriate higher dimensional basespace for viewing nature.


ABSTRACT Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of visual training aimed at reducing crowding indyslexic children.Study Design: Single-masked crossover pilot study.Place and Duration of Study: University of Turin and the Gradenigo Hospital,Department of Ophthalmology, Turin, between January and November 2013.Methodology: 15 dyslexic children underwent a visual training devised to reducecrowding. Patients were asked to recognize trigrams of letters with different spacingdisplayed at different eccentricities on both sides of the fixation point. As a placebo halfof the sample was administered a contrast sensitivity test. Average reading rate forwords and non-words with different interletter spacing was measured before and afterthe visual training and the placebo. The sample was divided into two subgroup: G1, whowas first administered the training, and G2, who underwent first the placebo trial.Results: After the training in G1 reading rate for words increased from 1.54 syl/sec(±0.60) to 1.74 syl/sec (± 0.64) (P= .001). Reading rate for non-words improved from0.94 (0.68-1.55) syl/sec to 1.03 (0.85-1.63) syl/sec. No significant improvement wasfound after the administration of the placebo (T2) when testing words and non-words.Original Research Article


The German government plans to introduce quality assured mammography for all women aged 50-69 years from next year, Germany's health minister, Ulla Schmidt, has announced.

The decision is based on the results of three local model projects on mammography screening started in 2001. Germany is one of the last countries in Europe to start a screening programme that aims to comply with the European standard.

At the moment, mammography is paid for by health insurance officially only if a tumour has already been felt after breast examination …


Japan's AGC will invest "a few billion yen"—roughly $25 million—to expand its active pharmaceutical ingredient plant in Malgrat, Spain. AGC acquired the plant a year ago from Boehringer Ingelheim a...


Acute abdominal pain (AAP) is a clinical symptom complex that develops with injuries and acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs. This condition is one of the most frequent causes of admission of patients to the hospital through the ambulance. Patients with AAP consist of a large and heterogeneous group at the same time due to the etiology and many variations of the clinical picture of this condition. The article presents the results of CT scan of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis in 5 patients with AAP admitted to the S.P. Botkin Moscow City Clinical Hospital emergency department during 2017–2018, without indication of the possible traumatic nature of the pathology. All patients underwent a primary surgeon examination and first-line medical imaging methods such as plane radiography and ultrasound. The selection criterion for inclusion in the search was the need for CT due to the lack of data obtained for diagnosis. Subsequently, the findings of the CT scan were compared with the final diagnosis in the electronic medical file of the patient concerned, to assess the contribution of CT data to the diagnostic process. In a group of 5 patients included in the study, the results of CT were the decisive step in the diagnostic process in 100% of cases. Therefore, the study emphasizes the importance of using CT in patients with AAP. Using this method allows you to complete a diagnostic search as soon as possible from the time the patient enters the hospital, to begin timely treatment.


We report density functional theory calculations for the parent compound LaOFeAs of the newly discovered 26K Fe-based superconductor LaO$_{1-x}$F$_x$FeAs. We find that the ground state is an ordered antiferromagnet, with staggered moment about 2.3$\mu_B$, on the border with the Mott insulating state. The magnetic state found is similar to that observed in the layered antiferromagnet FeAs, also reproduced in our calculations. We fit the bands crossing the Fermi surface, derived from Fe and As, to a tight-binding Hamiltonian using maximally localized Wannier functions on Fe 3d and As 3p orbitals. The model Hamiltonian accurately describes the Fermi surface obtained via first-principles calculations. Due to the apparent coexistence of superconductivity with the antiferromagnetic state, as well as the proximity to the Mott transition, we suggest that the system may be an analog of the electron doped cuprates, where antiferromagnetism and superconductivity coexists.


FDA began 2006 by unveiling a long-anticipated final rule that significantly overhauls approved labeling for drugs and biologics. This new rule has been in the works for years, delayed by manufacturer concerns that the revisions will expose companies to more liability suits. Although the new labeling's basic framework came as no surprise, compliance will require significant investments by manufacturers to meet the new design and content requirements, which will double the length of many package inserts (PIs).


In the housing market, the construction company started to recognize the importance of the brand power since 1998. Many brand names of apartment construction company have newly formed and many apartments are representative of the brands of construction company by quality of apartment construction and service after hand apartment over to owner with many other elements of their brands. According to these trends in the housing market, it should be also interested in improving the value of brand name in apartment construction. The former researches have been achieved several topics in only a specific target market about the distinction of apartment`s plan, the examination of preference, and the satisfaction survey of inhabitants etc. But construction company don`t have developed any available marketing strategy according to construction location and regional characteristics. Nowadays, they should be interested in improving the value of apartment brand. Therefore, this research was conducted by interviewing and surveying preference factor, which factors are considered by consumer when consumers purchase apartment house, to compare the two regions such as Metropolis and Cities. The purpose of this research is to provide the preference trend of apartment house in the future to construction company by comparing consumer`s preference examination.


The main characteristics of High-skill talents of human capital is specific human capital..Shortage of skilled talents in China is mainly due to the value "deviation" in the labor market,that increasing human capital investment risk;In high-skill talents cultivation of dislocation and some institutional obstacles has also increased the shortage of skilled talents.According to the human capital of skilled talents features,we can build reasonable high-skill talents assessment system,and the reasonable allocation of education institutions,government,enterprises and individuals,then build multivariate share modes of human capital investment of high-skill talents to alleviate the high-skill talent shortage in China.


Iatrogenic bile duct injury is a serious complication for abdominal surgery.The treatment is extremely hard because of complex types of damage.Surgical intervention is an important method of therapy.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is adaptive for partial cases of bile duct stricture and biliary leakage.It is crucial to choose correct timing and method of surgery,which affect long-term outcomes of surgical repairing for bile duct injury.


26 The placenta is an organ with extraordinary phenotypic diversity in eutherian mammals. Recent 27 evidence suggests that numerous human placental enhancers are evolved from lineage-specific 28 insertions of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), yet the transcription factors (TFs) underlying their 29 regulation remain largely elusive. Here, by first focusing on MER41, a primate-specific ERV 30 family previously linked to placenta and innate immunity, we uncover the binding motifs of 31 multiple crucial trophoblast TFs (GATA2/3, MSX2, GRHL2) in addition to innate immunity TFs 32 STAT1 and IRF1. Integration of ChIP-Seq data confirms the binding of GATA2/3 and MSX2 on 33 the majority of MER41-derived enhancers in human trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). Notably, 34 MER41-derived enhancers that are constitutively active in human TSCs are distinct from those 35 activated upon interferon stimulation, which is determined by the binding of trophoblast TFs and 36 their sub-family compositions. We further demonstrate that GATA2/3 and MSX2 have prevalent 37 binding on numerous other ERV families – indicating their broad impact on ERV-derived placental 38 enhancers. Functionally, the derepression of many syncytiotrophoblast genes after disruption of 39 MSX2 is likely to be mediated by regulatory elements derived from ERVs – suggesting ERVs are 40 also important for mediating transcriptional repression. Overall, this study characterized the 41 prevalent binding of GATA2/3, MSX2 and their co-factors on ERV-derived regulatory elements 42 in human TSCs and provided mechanistic insights into the importance of ERVs in human 43 trophoblast regulatory network. these results suggest that apart from MER41 elements, these core trophoblast TFs also have prevalent binding on many other families of ERV-associated enhancers – suggesting the broad involvement of these TFs and the bound ERV-associated enhancers in human TSCs.


Background: The general objective of this review was to determine the reasons for referral abroad of surgical patients at Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty, Tikur Anbassa Hospital Methods: The referral slips of patients who were referred abroad from September 2005 – August 2009 by surgical Department were collected and reviewed. Results: The study reviewed a total of 331 patents in the 5 year period mentioned. An average of 66 patients was referred per year. There was an over all male preponderance 183(55.3 %), majority of patients were in the age group 26 - 50 years (173).Most were residents from the Capital, 232 (70 %). Neoplastic diseases both benign and malignant account for 155 cases. Primary brain tumors either malignant or benign account for 74 cases. 97 of the cases had at least one surgical intervention done prior to referral. The overall trend is showing some decrement. The main reason for referral was for better surgical intervention (249). Referral for MRI which accounted for 16 of the referrals in the first 2 years was virtually non existent in the next 3 years. Conclusion: Most cases were form the capital, Neurosurgical cases have been referred more than any other subspecialties, neoplastic changes constitute the main reason for referral, and the overall trend seems decreasing along the course.


Progress from the fourth quarter 2005 activity on the project ''Design and Evaluation of Ionic Liquids as Novel CO{sub 2} Absorbents'' is provided. Major activities in three areas are reported: compound synthesis, property measurement and molecular modeling. Last quarter we reported the first ever experimental measurement of SO{sub 2} solubility in an ionic liquid. We showed that SO{sub 2} was very soluble in the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([hmim][Tf{sub 2}N]). This quarter, we have measured SO{sub 2} solubility in two more ionic liquids: 1-hexyl-3-methylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([hmpy][Tf{sub 2}N]) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate ([hmim][lactate]). As with [hmim][Tf{sub 2}N], we find very high solubility of SO{sub 2} in these ionic liquids, but the lactate compounds shows the highest affinity for SO{sub 2} at low pressure. CO{sub 2} solubility was measured in three new compounds: [boronium][Tf{sub 2}N], 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium acesulfumate ([hmim][ace]), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium saccharinate ([hmim][sac]). We find relatively poor solubility of CO{sub 2} in the latter two compounds, and solubility comparable to [hmim][Tf{sub 2}N] in the boronium compound. We also synthesized four new ionic liquids this quarter and continued refinement of our molecular simulation technique for measuring gas solubility.


An extension of the adiabatic factorization of the time evolution operator is studied for spin in a general time-varying magnetic field B(t). When B(t) changes adiabatically, such a factorization reduces to the product of the geometric operator which embodies the Berry phase phenomenon and a usual dynamical operator. For a general time variation of B(t), there should be a non-adiabatic operator in the factorization that is responsible for non-adiabatic transitions. A simple and explicit expression for the instantaneous angular velocity of the non-adiabatic operator is derived. This is done in a way that is independent of any specific representation of spin. Two classes of simple conditions are given under which the non-adiabatic operator itself can be made explicit. These conditions are used to find new expressions for B(t) that allow the explicit construction of the time evolution operator.


Although the majority of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with the standard immunochemotherapy R‐CHOP, one‐third of them relapses with a dismal outcome in most cases. In the recent years, remarkable advances have been achieved based on the discovery of molecular genetics in DLBCL. In addition to the major cell‐of‐origin designations of germinal center B‐cell and activated B‐cell subtypes, next‐generation sequencing has unveiled the remarkable complexity of DLBCL and identified potential molecular targets for tailored therapies. Despite these findings, the current standard of care for DLBCL patients is still R‐CHOP, and optimization of frontline therapy remains an important goal. In this review, we summarize recent updates on the evolution of frontline therapies for DLBCL.


The ability of a synapse to alter its strength based on use (synaptic plasticity) reigns as the basis of most cellular models of learning and memory [1]. However, if synaptic plasticity is king, then the dendritic spine is its kingdom. The dendritic spine, which houses the majority of excitatory synapses in the mammalian central nervous system, also undergoes dynamic changes to its shape (structural plasticity) in an activity-dependent manner. Indeed, strengthening of the synapse, or long-term potentiation (LTP), is often associated with spine head enlargement, whereas weakening of the synapse, or long-term depression (LTD), is often associated with spine head shrinkage. Underlying structural plasticity is the cytoskeleton protein, actin, whose dynamics and organization ultimately shape spine morphology, and which can also influence synaptic plasticity through modulation of membrane receptor insertion, removal and function. Thus, actin is both governed by and governs the king and kingdom. This special issue of The Open Neuroscience Journal explores many different aspects of dendritic spine morphology, regulation and function in health and disease.


A method of transmitting speech signals with reduced bandwith requirements. With this invention an original speech signal is first converted to a textual representation, and a facsimile of the original speech is determined from the textual representation. Then a minimum error turn is derived from the difference between the original speech signal and the facsimile of the original speech signal. The minimum error turn is then compressed, and it is this compressed minimum error turn, along with the textual representation, that is transmitted on the communications medium. At the receiving end, the textual representation and the difference representation are split through a demultiplexer. The textual representation is then passed through a synthesizer while the difference representation is passed through a mapper. The synthesizer along with synthesis parameter storage converts the textual representation into a digital representation of speech, while the mapper modifies the received difference representation by applying sub or super sampling corrections.


Abstract When people come together in community to practice critical inquiry, they develop a capacity to see, reflect, and become subjects of their own development. This article describes arts-based participatory action research in partnership with a nongovernmental organization in Central America. Creative art therapy was culturally adapted and practiced on the macro level to facilitate a community's art-based research, achieving outcomes that contributed to social action and transformation. Popular education, a grassroots pedagogy that aims to transform oppressive power structures, reinforced group norms and facilitation. The results showed that community-based creative art therapy in participatory action research strengthened the personal, spiritual, and social development of the co-researchers, which in turn multiplied broader impacts on their communities.


In 2012, five high-school students involved in the Pulsar Search Collaboratory discovered the millisecond pulsar (MSP) PSR J1400−1431, and initial timing parameters were published in Rosen et al. a year later. Since then, we have obtained a phase-connected timing solution spanning five years, resolving a significant position discrepancy and measuring , proper motion, parallax, and a monotonic slope in dispersion measure over time. Due to PSR J1400−1431's proximity and significant proper motion, we use the Shklovskii effect and other priors to determine a 95% confidence interval for PSR J1400−1431's distance, pc. With an improved timing position, we present the first detection of the pulsar's low-mass white dwarf (WD) companion using the Goodman Spectrograph on the 4.1 m SOAR telescope. Deeper imaging suggests that it is a cool DA-type WD with K and . We show a convincing association between PSR J1400−1431 and a γ-ray point source, 3FGL J1400.5−1437, but only weak (3.3σ) evidence of pulsations after folding γ-ray photons using our radio timing model. We detect an X-ray counterpart with XMM-Newton, but the measured X-ray luminosity (1×1029 erg s−1) makes PSR J1400−1431 the least X-ray luminous rotation-powered MSP detected to date. Together, our findings present a consistent picture of a nearby ( pc) MSP in a 9.5-day orbit around a cool ∼0.3 M⊙ WD companion, with orbital inclination .


Abstract In April/May 1979, following an "internal settlement" in Rhodesia, elections were held for a Parliament with an African majority. On June 1st, Bishop Abel Muzorewa took office as Prime Minister of 'Zimbabwe-Rhodesia.' Having conceded power to an African majority government, white Rhodesians expected Britain to recognize the Muzorewa regime and end crippling sanctions. However, contrary to her election promises, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher withheld recognition and maneuvered the Muzorewa government into accepting new elections inclusive of Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe, who led the 'Patriotic Front,' against which Rhodesian security forces had been fighting for years. Thatcher's refusal to recognize the Muzorewa government ultimately allowed Mugabe to take power, an outcome highly unsatisfactory to most whites. My paper will examine primary source evidence, especially newspapers and Parliamentary records, to gauge white Rhodesian opinion from April to August 1979, when the question of British recognition hung in the balance. In particular, I will ask: How did white Rhodesians perceive their circumstances in this intriguing period? How likely did they believe recognition and an end to sanctions really were? And, lastly, how did they react when the deliverance they had hoped for, courtesy of Mrs. Thatcher, failed to arrive?


We read James DuBois's article, "Increasing Rates of Organ Donation: Exploring the Institute of Medicine's Boldest Recommendation," with interest.1 He is astute in his observation that the topic of uncontrolled donation after a circulatory determination of death (UDCD), also called rapid organ recovery (ROR), "has received very little attention," and "this silence is disconcerting," because ROR "raises important and challenging ethical issues." We thank him for raising some essential concerns. Our contribution is to point out that he is too tentative in some of his criticisms and too compromising in some of his suggestions. We address three areas that need further discussion: (1) It matters little what experts decide is ethical if the public lacks the trust necessary to accept their conclusions. (2) There are troubling conceptual problems with both "consent" and "death" that have ethical and legal ramifications. And (3) the continuing debate over slight changes in an already highly perfected but inadequate organ procurement system distracts from a pressing need to evaluate more wide-ranging solutions. Comment on DuBois's Article, "Increasing Rates of Organ Donation: Exploring the IOM's Boldest Recommendation"


Kahn presents in his recent book (1) details of the latest of his contributions to serology, the concept that serological reactions with lipid antigens are phenomena common to the blood sera of all humans and animals and show distinctive patterns in health and disease. According to his method, by determining the titer of any serum with a lipid antigen in varying concentrations of saline and with different periods of ice-box incubation, reactions will be demonstrated in every instance in some portion of the pattern thus obtained. He reports the various patterns which these universal reactions show in normal persons and in a few diseases such as syphilis, yaws, leprosy, tuberculosis and malaria. He is of the opinion that in lepromatous leprosy the serological pattern of the universal reaction is distinctive, entirely different from the patterns obtained in either syphilis or yaws. While Kahn emphasizes the fact that his studies are preliminary, and that clinical interpretation both in health and in disease must be guarded until further investigations have been made, he feels that this test should permit differentiation of lepromatous and other forms of leprosy and that it offers a serologic indicator of activity of the disease. He has also expressed these views in a more recent publication . (2). During the year 1947, Kahn's universal serological test was performed in our laboratories on 130 cases of leprosy, parallel with 25 nonleprous persons. These tests are the basis of this report. MATERIALS AND METHODS


More workers' compensation claims for soft-tissue injuries are filed on Monday than on any other day of the week. Explanations for the Monday claims include "warm-up" or ergonomic effects, false classification of off-the-job weekend due to economic incentives, or psychological responses to Monday work. To sort out these possibilities, the authors examine more than 200,000 employment day patterns for a single, large U.S. employer with uniform human resource policies. Although the authors find more soft-tissue injury claims (mostly sprains and strains) filed for younger workers, union members, and for workers with higher expected workers' compensation benefits, they do not find that these factors—nor the absence of health insurance—differentially increase soft-tissue injury filings on Monday. Moreover, comparing soft-tissue injuries with lacerations and broken-bone claims suggests soft tissues are not due to ergonomic factors either. Additional evidence suggests that workers simply do not like Monday work. Hence, it may be cost-effective for employers and employees to institute practices that make the Monday workplace more attractive.


The following article wants to throw light on the various possibilities of consciously and voluntarily disclosing personal information on the internet (private web pages, online networks, film- and photo galleries) and is trying to provide a critical reflection of the tendency to use the net as a medium of self-expression and self-adulation. The author advocates ethics which are aware of technological progress but nevertheless want to avoid its abuse. He wants to distance himself from an attitude of generally bedevilling advanced technology and attempts to point out both chances and risks.


This paper aims at investigating how student subtitlers practice making subtitle of "Ambilkan Bulan" movie from Indonesian into English. This subtitling project is expected to help students sharpen their translation skills while learning linguistic and cultural aspects of both Indonesian as the source language (SL) and English as the target language (TL) in this study. In addition, students are also expected to have more practices on the technical aspects of subtitle to convey the message in the limited time and space by applying existing subtitle software. The data of this study were taken from students' translations in Subtitling class. The data were analyzed descriptively to identify the strategy used by students based on Gottlieb's ten subtitle strategies and the technical constraints they commonly faced in making the subtitle. The results of this study indicate that students generally apply all of these strategies with varying frequencies and linguistics-related problems. Transcription strategy is the most frequent strategy applied by the students. This study also shows that students still struggle with the technical aspects related to cueing duration, rhythm, and division of subtitle which are sometimes less synchronous and eventually distracted viewers' convenience


Abstract Paraffinic-vegetable and vegetable oil emulsions were investigated for their ability to increase efficacy of the fungal pathogen Phoma herbarum as a bioherbicide to control dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) under sub-optimal leaf wetness durations (LWDs) in controlled environments. Mycelia of P. herbarum (20%, v/v) were formulated in 10 oil emulsions; two based on paraffinic-vegetable (soybean) oil mixtures, and eight based on vegetable (canola, coconut and soybean) oil emulsions alone. Emulsions were applied to dandelions using an automatic track sprayer and plants were exposed to sub-optimal LWDs simulating dew periods in field conditions. An aqueous formulation of P. herbarum was included as a standard treatment and formulations without P. herbarum were included as controls. Eight of 10 oil emulsions (two paraffinic-vegetable and six vegetable) significantly increased damage ratings caused by P. herbarum compared to the standard treatment under certain sub-optimal LWDs (P=0.05). However, all oil emulsions caused at least some phytotoxicity when applied alone under most LWDs. Also, the high viscosity of nine oil emulsions caused mixing and application problems. These results indicate that oil emulsions increase damage ratings caused by P. herbarum on dandelion under sub-optimal LWDs, but may not be suitable formulations due to their phytotoxicity and high viscosity.


In this paper, we study a network interdiction problem on a multiple allocation, uncapacitated hub network. The problem is formulated as a bilevel Stackelberg game between an attacker and a defender, where the attacker identifies r out of p hubs to interdict so as to maximize the worst-case post-interdiction performance of the system with the surviving hubs. We study three variants of the problem, namely, the r -hub median interdiction problem, the r -hub center interdiction problem, and the r -hub maximal covering interdiction problem. The bilevel problems are reduced to single-level mixed integer programs (MIP) using dual and penalty-based formulations. We exploit the properties of the models to present tighter single-level MIP formulations. We compare the linear programming relaxations of dual and penalty-based formulations to establish the dominance relations between them. Our theoretical analysis shows that the single-level dual formulations of all the three problems are stronger than their corresponding penalty-based formulations. We validate these theoretical results using extensive computational experiments on moderate to large-scale instances. Our computational results on networks with up to 200 nodes and 15 hubs confirm the strength of the proposed formulations.


Abstract The structural and functional properties of slowly digestible starch (SDS) modified using pullulanase and prepared from chestnut starch were studied. The modified chestnut starches had 41.9 % SDS, which was higher than native chestnut starches (6.51 %) and cooked chestnut starches (18.6 %). The hydrolysis rate of the modified starches was 74.1 %. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the modified starch granules had a large surface area with signs of cracks and dents, and the cross-sections showed hollow internal structures. X-ray diffraction indicated that the crystallisation of the starch changed from the Cb-type to the V-type, although it retained a few C-type characteristics. Compared with native chestnut starch, the modified starches have a higher gelatinisation temperature using differential scanning calorimetry; and the texture profile analysis hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess of modified starch gels decreased significantly, while adhesiveness increased. When debranched using pullulanase there was a decreased solubility, swelling power, and freeze-thaw stability of the modified starches. These findings suggest that pullulanase modification changed the in vitro digestibility and crystalline structure of the modified starches.


INTRODUCTION For the past five years, several e-government global, regional, and local benchmarks have been carried out. Although not all of them have included Bolivia in their analysis, the ones that have coincide in their perceptions about the implementation of e-government in this country. Generally speaking, Bolivia usually ranks below both the Latin America and the world average. In Benchmarking e-government, Ronaghan (2002) classified the country as one with e-government medium capacity and interactive presence. Despite the fact that Bolivia performed better than most countries in Central America, East Asia, and Africa, it was still far from the most developed nations such as the United Nations, New Zealand or the United Kingdom as well as from some Latin American countries being the most remarkable the cases of Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay.


The problem of divisibility of Lehmer D H number in arithmetical progression is studied,and its conresponding asymptotic formula is given.


The effects of carbon dioxide on the hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in 0.1 M sodium sulfate solution were investigated. At applied potentials (-1.4, -1.6, -1.9 VSCE), slow strain rate tests (SSRT) were employed to evaluate the HAC resistance of dual phase Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The SSRT experimental results exhibited that the mechanical behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in 0.1 M sodium sulfate solution was almost the same as that in air, and independent of electrochemical potential in the range applied. At applied potentials of -1.4 and -1.6 VSCE, a carbon dioxide purging did not affect the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in 0.1 M sodium sulfate solution. However, at an applied potential of -1.9 VSCE, a carbon dioxide purging caused a decrease in yielding strength from 1120 MPa to 860 MPa, and a reduction in elongation from 15.2 % to 12.1 %. And the brittle characteristics and secondary crack were observed at the central and edge areas of the fractured surface. The results indicated that the dissolved carbon dioxide in 0.1 M sodium sulfate solution would promote the susceptibility of hydrogen assisted cracking in Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Ti-6Al-4V alloy was solution treated at 800℃ for 5 h and then water quenched to room temperature. In addition to modifying the columnar microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the volume ratio of β phase was also increased by applying the heat treatment that mentioned above. The SSRT experimental results exhibited that the elongation had enhanced after heat treatment. However, at an applied potential of -1.9 VSCE, a carbon dioxide purging caused a decrease in yielding strength from 900 MPa to 760 MPa, and a reduction in elongation from 16 % to 13.5 %. The fractograph were also observed a large number of secondary crack at the gage section of the fractured specimens. The X-ray analyses indicated that as-received and heat-treatment Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the dissolved carbon dioxide of 0.1 M sodium sulfate solution at an applied potential of -1.9 VSCE, the δ titanium hydride diffraction peaks were found at the both fractured specimens after slow strain rate testing. The facts explained that a carbon dioxide purging resulted in a production of titanium hydride on the surface of the specimens.