ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of field investigations at the places where sand volcanoes were formed and eruption of water and soil was observed during Mino-Owari, Tohnankai and Fukui earthquakes. The soil strata which were presumed to have liquefied were identified on the basis of previous studies and compared with the observed phenomena during the earthquakes. The results indicate that the eruption of water and soil during the earthquakes was not necessarily associated with a complete liquefaction of sand of the type observed during the Niigata earthquake of 1964. The Seismic intensities during the earthquakes were from V to VI according to the Japanese Meterological Agency Intensity Scale, and most of the liquefaction of the saturated sand occurred under the following conditions: The soil was coarse grained in accordance with the unified classification system, having the 50% size of less than 2.0 mm and the uniformity coefficient of less than 10. The effective overburden pressure was less than 2.0kg./cm2, the relative density was less than 75% and no fine grained soil strata lay above the saturated sand. Also presented are microscopic photographs of sands which are presumed to have liquefied.


Atherosclerosis is thought to arise as a result of a chronic inflammatory process within the vessel wall,also the basic pathology of cardiovascular disease.Clinical studies found that pioglitazone,a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist,can improve glucose and lipid metabolism,protect vascular endothelial function,reduce inflammatory markers,inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation,anti-thrombosis,stabilize atheromatous plaque and so on,which plays a protective role in the pathological process of atherosclerosis and prevention of vascular disease,reduces the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality.In this paper,the mechanism of the effect of pioglitazone on anti-atherosclerosis is reviewed.


In this study, we used a two-dimensional fluid model to investigate the argon discharge in Penning ion gauge (PIG) ion source influenced by magnetic field and the structure of ion source. Under fixed anode voltage U and pressure P, the relationships between the axial magnetic field, the structure parameter K, which is the ratio of the distance of two cathodes and the diameter of the anode tube, and the electron density are obtained. For fixed magnetic field B=0.01 T and pressure P=0.5 Torr, the electron density along the central axis has the maximal value when K=0.8. With fixed K=0.8 and P=1 Torr, the maximal electron density was found when B=0.1 T. Our results imply that there are optimal values for magnetic field and K which induce the maximal plasma density.


We prove that the angle between any two Minkowski-reduced basis vectors is more than π/3; if the orthogonal defect of 3-dimension lattice is less than 2/ √ 3, the Minkowski-reduced basis of the lattice is π/3-orthogonal; if a weakly θ-orthogonal basis for a lattice with θ π/3 has been ordered by the Euclidean norm of the vectors, and the minimum length ratio maximum length is more than 2 cos θ, the basis is Minkowski reduced. We improve an algorithm used in JPEG CHEst by changing it from heuristic one to deterministic one, furthermore we add a constraint to reduce the number of unimodular matrix that need to determine. abstract environment.


In recent decades, significant changes have been noted in the business world, due to the increasing demand of customers, political and economic moments that create a dynamic nonmarket increasingly unstable, contributing to increasing challenges in understanding the demands. The objective was to evaluate the model operations management method BSC, in order to reduce costs and increase productivity and competitiveness. A study was conducted through a semi-open process, with 180 employees at a midsize company in the footwear industry Jau, collecting information and data from the managers of each area. We conclude that the requirements for improved performance within organizations have made approaches for the management of operations evolve, becoming a broad and network management in the business, contributing to improvements in the condition of growth and sustainability of organizational activity. It is noteworthy, then, the need to use all available resources, minimizing problems and maximizing opportunities.


The treatment of TB DR patients is difficult due to low efficiency and costliness. Aims: to study dynamics of MBT Drug Resistance to antituberculosis drugs among pulmonary TB patients . Methods: The study MBT DR among 2579 pulmonary TB patients in Saratov region hospital (2006-2015) has been carried out. Results: The share of MBT DR patients constitutes 86.2% (67.6% in 2006) (p Still the structure of DR has changed for better. The monoresistance has grown up to 9.0% (3.7%- 2012)(p MDR has dropped by 16.4% to 50.8% (p DR to Isoniasid decreased by 13.3% to 63.5% (p DR to Rifampicin dropped by 10.5% to 60.3% (p Conclusion: Positive tendencies have been traced in DR dynamics and structure on the account of monoresistance growth and MDR decline in all groups of patients as well as the resistance decrease to Isoniasid, Rifampicin.


According to research there is a high possibility that a car company will introduce an autonomous vehicle to the market around the year 2025. Such prospect presents quite interesting design opportu ...


Recommender systems (RS) have been developed to make personalized suggestions and enrich users' preferences in various online applications to address the information explosion problems. However, traditional recommender-based systems act as black boxes, not presenting the user with insights into the system logic or reasons for recommendations. Recently, generating explainable recommendations with deep knowledge graphs (DKG) has attracted significant attention. DKG is a subset of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) that utilizes the strengths of deep learning (DL) algorithms to learn, provide high-quality predictions, and complement the weaknesses of knowledge graphs (KGs) in the explainability of recommendations. DKG-based models can provide more meaningful, insightful, and trustworthy justifications for recommended items and alleviate the information explosion problems. Although several studies have been carried out on RS, only a few papers have been published on DKG-based methodologies, and a review in this new research direction is still insufficiently explored. To fill this literature gap, this paper uses a systematic literature review framework to survey the recently published papers from 2018 to 2022 in the landscape of DKG and XAI. We analyze how the methods produced in these papers extract essential information from graph-based representations to improve recommendations' accuracy, explainability, and reliability. From the perspective of the leveraged knowledge-graph related information and how the knowledge-graph or path embeddings are learned and integrated with the DL methods, we carefully select and classify these published works into four main categories: the Two-stage explainable learning methods, the Joint-stage explainable learning methods, the Path-embedding explainable learning methods, and the Propagation explainable learning methods. We further summarize these works according to the characteristics of the approaches and the recommendation scenarios to facilitate the ease of checking the literature. We finally conclude by discussing some open challenges left for future research in this vibrant field.


Textured TCO surfaces are required in silicon thin film solar cells to gain efficient light trapping. Nowadays, magnetron sputtered ZnO:Al films are usually etched in HCl solution to obtain textured surface. This study introduces a method to achieve as-grown rough ZnO:Al films by ion beam pretreatment of the glass substrate. The reference ZnO:Al films deposited on untreated glass are composed of well aligned columnar grains. In contrast, in the as-grown rough films, additional large conical grains are observed. The large grains exhibit faster growth rate then the surrounding columnar grains, and therefore overgrow the columnar grains gradually and finally cover the whole surface. In order to investigate the ZnO:Al film structural properties, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction are employed. The crystal orientations of these two types of grains are further analyzed by selected area diffraction patterns. The columns in the asgrown rough ZnO:Al are similarly textured as the reference ZnO:Al film on untreated glass. The c-axis is well aligned nearly perpendicular to the substrate surface, but a tilt of 10° was observed with respect to the growth direction. The large conical grains show no strong out of plane texture and random in plane orientation.


Echocardiographic studies were performed in 8 patients with tricuspid atresia, 3 patients with other types of hypoplastic right heart syndromes, and 5 patients with common atrioventricular canal. Echocardiographic searching was performed mainly along the horizontal section at the level ofthe membranous septum of the heart. Conventional and two-dimensional (cross-sectional) echocardiograms were recorded. The findings were compared with those from the echocardiograms of 25 healthy subjects, 17 patients with mitral valve disease, and 3 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy who served as a control group as they had normal arrangements ofthe intracardiac structures. In the control group, the annular ends of the anterior mitral and tricuspid valve leaflet echoes were the interatrial septum and the right anterior wall of the heart echoes, respectively. In tricuspid atresia, a thick echo was detected in the tricuspid area. This echo did not open during diastole and was interpreted as indicatinig the atretic part of the tricuspid orifice. The anterior leaflet of the detectable single atrioventricular valve echo was attached to the interatrial septal echo. In hypoplastic right heart syndromes other than tricuspid atresia, findings such as a minute right ventricle and a large left ventricle resemble those in tricuspid atresia. However, the tricuspid valve echo was detected and indicated to be open on the two-dimensional echocardiogram. In common atrioventricular canal, the anterior leaflet of the detectable single atrioventricular valve echo was attached to the right anterior wall echo of the heart. The echo of the interventricular septum was detected in the apical area in 2 patients and not detected at all in the others. As mentioned above, the echocardiographic features along the horizontal section were different among the control group, those with tricuspid atresia, hypoplastic right heart syndromes apart from tricuspid atresia, and common atrioventricular canal, and are thought to correspond to the anatomical differences.


A new region-based image fusion technique using the contourlet transform (CT) is proposed to produce a fused image better for human and machine interpretation. For good properties of multiscale, localization, directionality and anisotropy, the infrared and visual images are first decomposed using contourlet transform then fusion rules were applied to low frequency components and high frequency components of contourlet coefficients. For the low-frequency coefficients, the average fusion algorithm is used. For the each directional high frequency sub-band coefficients, the region energy and region average gradient maximum criterion are used to select the better coefficients for fusion. Compared with the traditional image fusion algorithms,the fusion algorithm presented in this paper provides better subjective visual effect, and the standard deviation and entropy value would be somewhat increased.


The essential nature of the avalanche diode oscillator is discussed on the basis of the Volterra's ecological system utilizing a nonlinear competition equation which has an oscillatory solution. The solution describes the IMPATT diode mode in a small-signal region, and in a large-signal region, transforms into the TRAPATT diode mode. The characteristics of the two modes are treated in such a way to suggest a unified fundamental concept. The importance of the nonlinear nature of the avalanche process is stressed.


This article aims to contribute to the ongoing evaluation of the Australian Early Development Index (AEDI) by investigating its construct and concurrent validity with a subsample of 642 children aged 4 to 5 years drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC). Construct validity was examined by considering the theoretical consistency of the network of correlations between the AEDI subconstructs and the independently reported multimethod measures of early learning skills and development collected contemporaneously by the LSAC. Concurrent validity was examined by assessing the extent to which children who were "developmentally vulnerable" on the AEDI domains corresponded with the LSAC outcome indices classification of children as "developmentally at risk." Moderate to large correlations were observed between each of the AEDI domains and subconstructs when compared to analogous teacher-rated LSAC measures, with lower levels of association observed for parent-rated LSAC measures. Concurrent validity was explored; however, with no criterion measure with which to assess the AEDI, findings are inconclusive prior to predictive validity assessment. Future waves of the LSAC will collect information on the children's abilities at school and developmental outcomes, enabling further interpretation of these concurrent and construct validity findings by triangulation and predictive validity analyses.


Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Ibandronate and Bonefos for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with bone metastases. Methods: A total of 86 NSCLC patients with bone metastases were randomly divided into two groups: 44 in the Ibandronate group and 42 in the Bonefos group. The chemotherapy in both groups was Cisplatin-based. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 2 cycles of treatment, with 21 days for each cycle. Results: The response rate of pain relief, improvement in daily living and effective rate on bone metastatic foci was 81.8% (36/44), 68.2%(30/44) and 52.3%(23/44), respectively, in the Ibandronate group and 73.8%(31/42), 76.2%(32/42) and 45.2% (19/42), respectively, in the Bonefos group. No significant difference was found between the two groups(P0.05). The side effects could be tolerated. Conclusion: The effects of Ibandronate and Bonefos on NSCLC patients with bone metastases comparable. The administration of Ibandronate is more convenient.


Amongst the State Papers in this repository, is a document without signature, written in a good bold secretary hand, such as was common in the reign of Henry VIII. and to the following effect: "Sonne Reignald—I send you God's blessyng and myne, more of my charitie then of your deservyng; for where my hope and trust was, in God, to have had comfort of you, the same, by your demeanour, is turned to sorrow.


Optical absorption measurements in the 3.5\char21{}6.5 eV spectral range and photoluminescence spectra, excited in the 4\char21{}8 eV range have been performed on neutron irradiated synthetic crystalline quartz as a function of temperature and of neutron fluence. The Gaussian deconvolution of the radiation-induced absorption spectrum in the 4.5\char21{}6 eV region reveals a complex structure: five distinct components, peaking at 4.85, 5.06, 5.35, 5.62, and 5.96 eV are detected. The complexity of the absorption pattern finds a correspondence in photoluminescence spectra excited in the 5 eV region: a detailed analysis of the emission spectra as a function of excitation energy indicates the presence of three emission bands centered at 3.91, 4.23, and 4.46 eV, excited at 5.25, 4.83, and 5.03 eV respectively. Excitation in the 5.62 and 5.96 eV absorption peaks does not produce emission. The features of the 4.23 eV and of the 4.46 eV bands are very similar to those of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{intrinsic}}$ emission, already well studied in amorphous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$: this suggests a possible correlation between these bands and the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathrm{}\mathrm{intrinsic}}$ center. The 3.91 eV band does not find a correspondence in amorphous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$, and so the responsible defect appears specifically related to the crystalline structure. The emission spectra excited in the E absorption band (\ensuremath{\approxeq}7.6 eV) present a weak band centered at 4.83 eV: its dependence on neutron irradiation dose suggests the attribution to an intrinsic center different from those responsible for the emission in the 3.8 \char21{} 4.5 eV region. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


Oil-geological characteristics of the deep zone in the first step of Hu-qing oilfield in the Dongpu sag are thoroughly analyzed.Hydrocarbon generation potential,types of reservoir beds and seal conditions are systematically summarized and hydrocarbon generation evolution discussed in this paper.The result shows that the source rock of deep zone in the first step of the Hu-qing oilfield has large generation potential. Secondary developed pore belt is an effective reservoir space.Good sealing conditions have resulted from salty sediments and sandstone and mud interbedding.In general,the deep zone of the first step possesses large oil and gas resources and constitutes one of the best exploration prospects of the Dongpu sag.


Within the joint input/output identification scheme, stochastic realization is used to solve the spectral factorization problem, thus providing a time-domain closed-loop identification method. First, a stochastic realization of the joint closed-loop system is obtained. Through state space partitioning, nonminimal realizations of the subprocesses can be calculated. Balancing reduction then provides minimal realizations of the subprocesses in the loop. Simulation examples show good results with the proposed method.<<ETX>>


Objective To compare the values of the release assay( IGRAs) and tuberculin skin test( TST) of interferon gamma in auxiliary diagnosis of negative pulmonary tuberculosis in cultured sputum bacterium. Methods A total of 230 pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients( TB group) with negative sputum bacterium and 200 healthy people taking physical examination( control group) from January to December 2013 were tested with IGRAs and TST using T-spot. TB kit. The detection rates of the two methods were compared. Results The detection rate of IGRAs in TB group was significantly higher than those in control group and TST in TB group( P 0. 05). Conclusion The interferon gamma release assay is more sensitive in detection of negative pulmonary tuberculosis than tuberculin skin test,and can be used in auxiliary diagnosis of negative pulmonary tuberculosis in cultured sputum bacterium.


Curriculum change is acknowledged to be a difficult process to initiate and maintain (Graham 2012). Over the last two years we conducted an ALTC-funded evaluation of the use of the Engineers Without Borders (EWB) Challenge projects in first-year engineering. We asked the question 'what works for whom under what circumstances' in recognition of the complexity of curriculum development, and given that different aspects of the process play out differently in different settings. Phase 2 of the project involved three University participants' trialling implementation recommendations resulting from the earlier stage of the evaluation. Results indicate that knowledge of best practice methods does not always directly relate to successful implementation. Thus, consideration needs to be given regarding how knowledge is translated into practice.


The present study examined correlates of work volition—the perceived capacity to make occupational choices despite constraints—with a diverse sample of 213 U.S. veterans. Veterans with higher levels of formal education, higher yearly incomes, were married, and were employed, endorsed greater work volition. Those who experienced lower posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, endorsed lower levels of neuroticism, higher levels of conscientiousness, and higher levels of internal locus of control, also demonstrated greater levels of work volition. A structural model was run where PTSD symptoms, neuroticism, and conscientiousness were hypothesized to predict work volition via locus of control and compared with an alternative model. After identifying a best fitting model, bootstrapping analyses demonstrated that locus of control fully mediated the relations between PTSD symptoms, neuroticism, and conscientiousness to work volition. Specifically, the key reason PTSD symptoms, neuroticism, and conscientiousness were related to work volition was their effect on general locus of control. Practical implications are discussed.


Most criminal justice scholars agree that the past three decades have witnessed a punitive shift in criminal justice policy, public opinion, and political rhetoric. Have these political trends also left their mark on policy approaches to due process rights? The provision of counsel to indigent defendants is a signature issue in debates over due process rights. The Supreme Court expanded dramatically the circumstances under which states were required to provide counsel in the 1960s and 1970s, though decisions about the implementation of this mandate were left to individual states. We examine the evolution of indigent defense policy, at the state and local level, over the past three decades, and ask two questions: First, did policies evolve in the directions expected by reform advocates? Second, to the extent that policies developed differently across states, how can we account for those differences? We find that refomers' optimistic projections about structure and funding have not been realized, and that adoption of progressive policies has been uneven across states. Most importantly, we find evidence that the politics of ideology and racial conflict have played a significant role in states' indigent defense policy over the past three decades.


When we speak of scientific atheism today, we are exploring new ways to talk about issues that were already present in the occidental culture but now appear with new relevance. First, we offer a descriptive approach to the New Atheism and a presentation of its principal authors. In a critical way, we analyze the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels of religious beliefs in the discourse of these authors in order to show the strength and weakness of religious belief.Their unlimited confidence in reason is especially expressed in the naturalization project that reaches religion and the numinous. Emerge in a new way the «naturalized human nature», as not only is governed by the laws of evolution, but also by human decision through increasingly powerful technologies. We offer three metaphors to show some ways forward in the relationship between science and religion are offered, and in particular, between science and Christian faith.


The recent discovery of the various specific" triggers" and mechanisms of cell life and death responses suggests that certain non-ionizing irradiation spectra and other physical signals could be coupled with specific cellular "triggers" to improve diagnostic or treatment effects. Genetic, chemical and/or physical modifications of specific extrinsic cellular "triggers" have centered on chemical binding of specific molecules to specific receptors, i.e. chemical " triggers" thus allowing development of specific drugs to counteract the initiating function of the "triggers" in single cells. Investigations of non-ionizing irradiation effects on cells and tissues indicate that their "triggers" involve intimate interactions of linked components of the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton in tissues. Therefore, the search for single "triggers" that may work well for chemical "triggers" in single cells in culture may not be effective for discovery of the mechanisms that initiate sensing of the stimulations of non-ionizing irradiation and mechanical force.


. The goal of this paper is to clarify when the solutions to sto- chastic partial differential equations stay close to a given subset of the state space for starting points which are close as well. This includes results for de- terministic partial differential equations. As an example, we will consider the situation where the subset is a finite dimensional submanifold with boundary. We also discuss applications to mathematical finance, namely the modeling of the evolution of interest rate curves.


A change in strategies from production orientation to customer orientation has been emphasized within Swedish central government agencies during the era of New Public Management (NPM). When both ce ...


This study sought to identify the extent to which school principals in Irbid Qasabah Directorate of Education possessed time management skills from teachers' viewpoint. And to identify the nature of the association between the principals' rate of time used and the task's significance according to their estimation. To achieve the study goals, the descriptive approach was utilized, and a questionnaire was designed with (40) items. It was administered to the study sample (n = 208) of male and female teachers from Irbid Qasabah. The findings of the study indicated that the principals of both public and private schools in Irbid Qasabah had a high level of time management skills. The findings also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the means of the participants' estimates attributed to the difference in the variables of academic qualification and experience. Except for the gender variable, where there were statistically significant differences showing that females outperformed males.


After presenting the historical situation in ancient near east in the seventh century B. C. And a "status quaestionis" of the problems raised by Jeremiah's book, the thesis studies, in its first part, the main texts in which the term "sqr" (illusion, lies) appears. The Israelites think they will be saved because they worship in the temple and are the keepers of the law. "This is but illusion" the prophet replies, as because they worship, they think they need not bother about justice and the law grants them a magic protection (jr 7,18,3 ; 8,8-9 ; 26). The salvation expected in the practice of idolatrous worship is particularly deceptive (jr 2 ; 10,1-16). The book of Jeremiah shows how widespread such worship was on the era of the disappearance of the kingdom of Judah. The harshness of his judgment does not enable to expect a conversion. Jeremiah asserts that only a moral life can win men a real protection. But the prophet's experience teaches him that men are not capable of living so. Sin id deeply rooted and a return proves impossible. Jeremiah's pessimistic idea of human nature is so thorough that a salvation is not within reach. Is then despair the only outcome? The prophet replies "no", because Yahweh will do something new. The second part of the thesis delves into salvation (jr 30-31).


An examination of the role of time in various works by Stendhal, this book aims to demonstrate how the French writer's concern with temporality is reflected in his construction of narrative. Applying and expanding the theories proposed by Paul Ricoeur in "Temps et Recit", Amoss investigates Stendhal's use of narrative or quasi-narrative devices as a means of coming to terms with the perplexities of time and the human perception of it. Amoss focuses particularly on the ways in which Stendhal's shaping of narrative - both historical and fictional - mediates between cosmic time and individual lived time, or phemomenological time. His discussion moves from Stendhal's theoretical and polemical works, "Racine et Shakespeare" and "De l'Amour", to the travel and historical writing of "Promenades dans Rome", in which Stendhal relates the history of the city, exploring its identity in time. This, in turn, leads to an analysis of Stendhal's recounting of his own personal history and identity in Kthe "Journal" and the "Vie de Henry Brulard". Amoss finally looks at the novel "La Chartreuse de Parme" which seems to take up where "Henry Brulard" leaves off, with a young Frenchman's discovery of Italy during the Napoleonic campaigns.


According to the author, there was no difference in the Israeli perception of Holocaust survivors before and after 1967. Jablonka claims that one may define four different periods between 1945 and 1969. In the 50s, enormous differences existed between the survivors and Israeli society, in fact, there was no common language. Both sides were stymied in an era of struggle with the twin challenges of national defense and social integration. In this context, the Eichmann Trial was a turning point both inside and outside Israel. However, evolution of a change which then starkly appears was, in fact, developing for quite a few years, during which opposing narratives of several kinds of perceptions appeared, for instance self-awareness of the survivors themselves and of their experience.


Business students and faculty expect the electronic delivery of content within their multiple disciplinary subject areas. The speed of acceptance and the rate of migration from print to electronic sources within the various business disciplines outpaces the acceptance rates in the humanities and other social sciences. Business students and faculty exhibit information-seeking behaviors that are unique to the practice-oriented nature of a business education. Electronic resources re-enforce this information-seeking behavior. The technology utilized in the creation of e-books enables business students and faculty to successfully locate specific data, both textual and numeric within the resource, further reinforcing their behaviors and accelerating the demand for additional e-books. Business students and faculty use e-books as reference books.


A Wireless sensor network can be defined as a network of devices especially that can sense and communicate the information gathered from a monitored field through wireless links. The acquired data is forwarded through multiple nodes, and with a gateway, the data is connected to other networks. WSN is a wireless network that consists of base stations and numbers of nodes, here nodes refers to the sensors. These networks are used to monitor physical or environmental conditions like sound, pressure, temperature and collectively pass data through the network to the main location. The WSN is incorporated into the wearable devices for various applications using various protocols the connect each node of the network. This paper describes the technology of implementing a WSN in a wearable device and the challenges imposed in working on the network.


The modified sepiolite with the granular size of 1.6-2.0 mm was chosen to charge the ion exchange columns for adsorbing the artificial wastewater containing phosphorus(PO3-4) of mass concentration 88 mg/L at flow rate 3 mL/min,and its adsorption mechanism was judged by the broken phase contact method.The results show that Bangham equation can well describe the relation between adsorption capacity and adsorption time;the broken phase contact method proves that the adsorption process is controlled by inner diffusion,and the active groups of modified sepiolite is promoted to adsorb PO3-4 in the presence of the acid and Fe3+.The experiment results can offer certain theoretical guidance for the industrialized application of modified sepiolite.


Organizations are required to create quality human resources and superior, so that good performance in the work will be achieved and then also can achieve high levels of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is a positive feeling about work that arises based on an assessment of the work situation. Employee job satisfaction is one of many aspects that need to be considered in an effort to improve the human resource capabilities of an organization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motivation, communication, and job stress on job satisfaction. This research was conducted at PT. PPILN Bali Area. The population of this study is 50 employees with saturated sampling method. In this study data collection is done through the distribution of questionnaires using Likert scale measurement method. Techniques of the analyzes used in this study are multiple linear regression. To improve job satisfaction should increase the motivation felt by employees, make effective communication within the organization and employee stress must be managed in order to improve job satisfaction


This paper also analyzed synthetically the measurements about the speciation of Se in environmental samples at home and abroad in recent years,including the sample pre-treatment technology,the separation technology and the determination technology,etc..The application of kinds of technologies for analyzing the species of Se was discussed.Furthermore,the trends of development and research toward speciation analyses of trace elements in environmental sample were prospected.


Treatment of monkeys with various doses of cortisone followed by subcutaneous inoculation of JBE virus led to viremia in each instance but not to clinical disease. Monkeys inoculated with a dose of 0.1 ml of a 10-1 dilution of WN virus for immunization showed viremia within the first 3 days. Neutralizing antibodies to WN virus frequently developed by the 7th day after inoculation and reached their maximum titer in the 2nd and 3rd week. The injection of potent JBE vaccine in WN immune animals had a booster effect on WN neutralizing antibodies. There was a significant rise in JBE neutralizing antibodies in these stone animals after the JBE vaccine inoculation, and 2 out of 3 also developed CF antibodies.
 Monkeys thus immunized basically with WN virus infection and supplemented with one injection of potent JBE vaccine developed either a questionable degree of viremia or none when inoculated with JBE virus after cortisone treatment. On the other hand, monkeys immunized with one injection of potent JBE vaccine only, or with WN virus only, had a consistent and prolonged viremia. The combined WN and JBE vaccine immunization appeared to prevent infection entirely, since this group of animals showed no serological rises following virus challenge.
 It is concluded that this evidence, supplementing that obtained with hamsters, recommends this method of immunization for human trial, providing that a safe strain of WN virus for human use is found.


The dynamic global vegetation model MC1 was used to examine climate, fire, and ecosystems interactions in Alaska under historical (1922-1996) and future (1997-2100) climate conditions. Projections show that by the end of the 21st century, 75%-90% of the area simulated as tundra in 1922 is replaced by boreal and temperate forest. From 1922 to 1996, simulation results show a loss of abou t9gC ·m -2 ·year -1 from fire emissions and 360 000 ha burned each year. During the same period 61% of the C gained (1.7 Pg C) is lost to fires (1 Pg C). Under future climate change scenarios, fire emissions increase to 11-12 g C·m -2 ·year -1 and the area burned increases to 411 000 - 481 000 ha·year -1 . The carbon gain between 2025 and 2099 is projected at 0.5 Pg C under the warmer CGCM1 climate change scenario and 3.2 Pg C under HADCM2SUL. The loss to fires under CGCM1 is thus greater than the carbon gained in those 75 years, while under HADCM2SUL it represents only about 40% of the carbon gained. Despite increases in fire losses, the model simulates an increase in carbon gains during the 21st century until its last decade, when, under both climate change scenarios, Alaska becomes a net carbon source.


For the Malay-Thai Peninsula several sea-level curves for the younger Holocene, based on field evidence as well as on hydro-isostatic modelling of a far-field site, have been published. The general assumption is a rapid rise to a mid-Holocene maximum up to +5 m above present sea level, followed by a constant or oscillating regression. However, from the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand, which was affected by the 2004 tsunami, only isolated observations are available regarding Holocene sea levels. Thus, the timing and magnitude of the Holocene highstand as well as the course of the regression remain to be defined. As several palaeotsunamis could be detected in the meantime it is important to know the related sea levels as exactly as possible to judge the energy, inundation width and potential wave height of these events. Therefore, fixed biological indicators from the rocky coasts of the Phang-nga Bay and Phuket, as well as morphological indicators from beach-ridge and swale sequences along the exposed west coast (Ko Phra Thong) were studied, to gain information about the Holocene sea-level development in this region. While oyster and coral data from the Phang-nga Bay and Phuket document a Holocene maximum of +2.6 m at 5700 cal. BP, the ridge crests and swale bases in the northwest of the study area point to maximum heights of +1.5–2.0 m above the present level around 5300 years ago. During the last 3000 years, to when the largest part of the Holocene palaeotsunami deposits from Thailand was dated, relative sea levels (RSL) in both areas did not exceed +1.5 m.


The present conditions and characteristics of the power production industry in Portugal, which is mostly hydroelectric, are described. On generally accepted estimates the evolution of demand up to l1975 and the resources to meet this demand are disussed. An attempt is made to anticipate the part nuclear power will play in the next few years. (W.D.M.)


The Federal Welfare Tribunal rules on certain cases that can also involve criminal law, civil law or industrial law, thereby engaging their respective courts of justice. From these cases, the legal aspects regarding accident insurance, provision for soldiers and victim compensation are described in more detail. These cases are then put into their legal dogmatic and statutory contexts, the solutions by the Federal Welfare Tribunal are presented and critically appreciated.


sense that the goal of literary (re)reading is not multicultural awareness or ideological indoctrination, but an enhanced ethical understanding. The books by Rindisbacher and Huet, in short, merit a reading: each presents us with a useful new perspective that can easily be accommo dated into our existing frame of reference. Calinescu's playfully pro found work will need to be carefully reread, for it proposes nothing less than a consideration of our critical and theoretical assumptions.


ABSTRACT Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a lymphotropic DNA tumor virus that induces Kaposi's sarcoma and AIDS-related primary effusion lymphoma. KSHV open reading frame 50 and K8 genes in early viral lytic infection express, respectively, a tricistronic and a bicistronic pre-mRNA, which undergo alternative splicing to create two major spliced mRNA isoforms, α and β, by inclusion (β) or exclusion (α) of an intron at nucleotides 75563 to 75645. This intron contains some suboptimal features, which cause the intron 5′ splice site (ss) to interact weakly with U1 snRNA and the 3′ ss to bind a U2 auxiliary factor, U2AF, with low affinity. Optimization of this intron in K8 (K8 intron 2) promoted the interaction of the 5′ ss with U1 and the 3′ ss with U2AF, resulting in a substantial increase in intron splicing. Splicing of K8 intron 2 has also been shown to be stimulated by the splicing of a downstream intron. This was confirmed by the insertion of a human β-globin intron into the K8β exon 3-exon 4 splice junction, which promoted splicing of K8β intron 2 and conversion of the K8β mRNA to the K8α mRNA that encodes a K-bZIP protein. Intron 2 contains a premature termination codon, yet the K8β mRNA is insensitive to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, suggesting that the truncated K8β protein may have a biological function. Indeed, although the truncated K8β protein is missing only a C-terminal leucine zipper domain from the K-bZIP, its expression antagonizes the ability of the K-bZIP to induce p53 and p21 and blocks K-bZIP-CDK2 interaction through interfering K8α mRNA production.


The identity of two birds described from Paraguay by Félix de Azara as No. 378 "Ypacahá jaspeado encima" and No. 402 "Chorlito pies roxos" is elucidated for the first time. No. 378 refers to Ocellated Crake Micropygia schomburgkii and is the basis for the name Rallus maculosus of Vieillot, 1819. Rallus maculosus Vieillot, 1819, is a nomen oblitum, unavailable for application. No. 402 is referable to Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres morinella and is the basis of the name Totanus nigellus Vieillot, 1816. Totanus nigellus Vieillot, 1816 is thus a junior synonym of Arenaria interpres morinella (Linnaeus, 1766) and available for application.


Seven hundred and twenty SiC grains from the Murchison CM2 chondrite, ranging in size from 1 to 10 micrometers, were analyzed by ion microprobe mass spectrometry for their C-isotopic compositions. Subsets of the grains were also analyzed for N (450 grains), Si (183 grains), Mg (179 grains), and Ti (28 grains) isotopes. These results are compared with previous measurements on 41 larger SiC grains (up to 15 x 26 micrometers) from a different sample of Murchison analyzed by Virag et al. (1992) and Ireland, Zinner, & Amari (1991a). All grains of the present study are isotopically anomalous with C-12/C-13 ratios ranging from 0.022 to 28.4 x solar, N-14/N-15 ratios from 0.046 to 30 x solar, Si-29/Si-28 from 0.54 to 1.20 x solar, Si-30/Si-28 from 0.42 to 1.14 x solar, Ti-49/Ti-48 from 0.96 to 1.95 x solar, and Ti-50/Ti-48 from 0.94 to 1.39 x solar. Many grains have large Mg-26 excesses from the decay of Al-26 with inferred Al-26/Al-27 ratios ranging up to 0.61, or 12,200 x the ratio of 5 x 10(exp -5) inferred for the early solar system. Several groups can be distinguished among the SiC grains. Most of the grains have C-13 and N-14 excesses, and their Si isotopic compositions (mostly excesses in Si-29 and Si-30) plot close to a slope 1.34 line on a Delta Si-29/Si-28 versus Delta Si-30/Si-28 three-isotope plot. Grains with small C-12/C-13 ratios (less than 10) tend to have smaller or no N-14 excesses and high Al-26/Al-27 ratios (up to 0.01). Grains with C-12/C-13 greater than 150 fall into two groups: grains X have N-15 excesses and Si-29 and Si-30 deficits and the highest (0.1 to 0.6) Al-26/Al-27 ratios; grains Y have N-14 excesses and plot on a slope 0.35 line on a Si three-isotope plot. In addition, large SiC grains of the Virag et al. (1992) study fall into three-distinct clusters according to their C-, Si-, and Ti-isotopic compositions. The isotopic diversity of the grains and the clustering of their isotopic compositions imply distinct and multiple stellar sources. The C- and N-isotopic compositions of most grains are consistent with H-burning in the CNO cycle. These and s-process Kr, Xe, Ba, and Nd suggest asymptotic giant branch (AGB) or Wolf-Rayet stars as likely sources for the grains, but existing models of nucleosynthesis in these stellar sites fail to account in detail for all the observed isotopic compositions. Special problems are posed by grains with C-12/C-13 less than 10 and almost normal and heavy N-isotopic compositions. Also the Si- and Ti-isotopic compositions, with excesses in Si-29 and Si-30 relative to Si-28 and excesses in all Ti isotopes relative to Ti-48, do not precisely conform with the compositions predicted for slow neutron capture. Additional theoretical efforts are needed to achieve an understanding of the isotopic composition of the SiC grains and their stellar sources.


SUMMARY This research deals with an analysis of the riding control algorithm for the two wheeled vehicles as the first step towards the modeling of the riders. The rider tasks are divided into two parts. One is for recognition of the environment around the vehicle, and the other is for the decision of the output of the rider. For the recognition part, the relative recognition of the environment based on the rider's position with a radar sight description is used. For the decision about the steering torque, the neural network modeling which describes a dynamic system with feedback and feed forvard is used. It is shown that the results of the model agree with the experimental results Next, the algorithm with sensitivity analysis of the rider model is analyzed. In the first step of this analysis, the method of analyzing the algorithm is checked against the Kondo's driver model of which the control algorithm is well known. The neural network model is constructed with the results of the Kondo's model, and the ...


Objective To discuss the imaging performance and pathological change of osteoid osteoma.Methods To look back and analisis the imaging information of 23 cases with osteoid osteoma.Results According to the information by X-ray,23 cases with osteoid osteoma are all sole focuses.Among them,11 cases are cortical types,3 cases are central types,spongy substance types 7 cases,and periosteum types 2 cases.Conclusion As soon as you know the pathological change and imaging performance of osteoid osteoma,the diagnoses will be quite explicit and misdiagnoses rate will be reduce.


This paper aims to reveal the causal relationship between energy prices and food prices and whether this relationship is similar in the food sub-groups forming the food price index used. As food prices more than doubled during the 2008 economic crisis, this relationship has received considerable attention from researchers. Many researches have been conducted to determine the causes and consequences of the 2008 food price crisis. Researches are mainly focused on crude oil and bio-energy in terms of "energy". This research is not only differentiated by the data used but also by the methodology employed. The study attempts to add new findings to the empirical food price literature by utilizing relatively newly developed methods, namely Toda–Yamamoto causality, Fourier Toda–Yamamoto causality, and spectral BC causality tests. The spectral BC causality test clearly reveals that there is bidirectional causality between the energy price index and food price indexes (grains, other food, and oils) at different frequencies.


Based on a rough analysis of the teaching status of Professional History and Theory Courses,this paper takes the case of Architectural Design Principles to study the ways of teaching innovation in the E-learning environment from the aspects of the construction of course-module system,creation of multimedia-couseware progamming production,and realization of online teaching-learning interation,etc.


In conjunction with Professor G. Wald, we recently investigated the isomers of vitamin A, present in the marine euphausiid Crustacea Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars) and Thysanoessa raschii (M. Sars) and found that 1 1 4 s vitamin A (neo-b vitamin A) was the predominant form, comprising some 80-90y0 of the total (Plack, Fisher, Henry & Kon, 1956; Wald & Brown, 1956-7; Fisher, Kon & Plack, 1957). Other marine Crustacea were also found to contain predominantly the 1 1 4 s isomer (Wald & Burg, 1956-7; Fisher et al. 1957; Barnholdt & Hjarde, 1957). The presence of this form of vitamin A in these euphausiids is of some importance, since they form part of the diet of several fish caught commercially and, together with Thysanoessa inermis Kroyer, the bulk of the food of northern baleen whales. Ponomareva (1949, 1954) also reports that T. raschii is a major component of the food of fish and whales in Far Eastern waters. Examination of the vitamin A from livers of Arctic blueand fin-whales showed the presence of 80-90y0 of the all-trans isomer (Plack, 1956a), so that if the euphausiids constitute the sole source of vitamin A for baleen whales (Fisher, Kon & Thompson, 1952) then the whale either absorbs preferentially the small quantities of the all-trans isomer present in these animals or it converts I I-cis into all-trans vitamin A. This paper reports the conversion of 11-cis into all-trans vitamin A in the rat and discusses the possible site of conversion. A preliminary account of the work has already been given (Plack & Thompson, 1958).


Two new manganese(Ⅱ ) trinuclear complexes and two new nickel (Ⅱ) trinuclear compIexes, namely, [Mn3 (BZT ) (Phen )6] (ClO4 )3 (complex 1 ), [Mn (BZT)· (Nphen )6] (ClO4 )3 (complex 2), [Ni3 (BZT) (Phen)6] (ClO4 )3· 5H2O (complex3) and [Ni3 (BZT ) (Nphen )6] (ClO4 )3 (complex 4 ) (BZT = 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylato, Phen = 1, 10-phenthroline, Nphen = 5-nitro-1, 10-phenanthroline )have been synthesized. The complexes were characterized using elemental analysis,IR and electronic reflection spectra. These complexes are proposed to have extended 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylato-bridged structure and to consist of three manganese (Ⅱ) or three nickel(Ⅱ). The X-band ESR spectra of the complex 1 and complex 2were recorded at room temperature. The variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities of complex 1 and complex 3 were measured over 4. 2-300 K. According to experimental results of the variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility, the magnetic interaction between the paramagnetic centers is too weak to be detected using the usual magnetic susceptibility technique.


Today, tourism is considered as one of the major economicactivities in many courtiers. Given the financial resources devoted to and the workforce involved in tourism, it has appeared as a global thriving industry.One of the notable subdivisions of this industry is rural tourism. This kind oftourism has played a considerable role in attracting tourists and in helpingeconomic activities all around the world. Iran is no exception. In this regard,among the cities of Iran, villages of Isfahan have a good potential for ruraltourism. Also, considering the existing problems in Isfahan villages such aswater shortage for irrigation, low agricultural productivity and joblessnessetc, rural tourism may be a reliable economic alternative. Of the oldstructures survived in Isfahan villages, dovecots are especially important.Varity in form and size, fascination of the indoor space as well as harmonywith surrounding nature are among the main rural attractions of the dovecotsfor tourists. Unfortunately, some of the dovecots are disappearing or havebecome deserted. In this connection, the studies so far done on dovecots havemainly examined architectural features of the dovecots as historicalstructures; little attention has been paid to the visual character of them asrural landscapes and tourism attractions. In the present study, afterconducting field observations, collecting and processing data, the conditionsof villages with dovecots were analyzed. Accordingly, 18 villages- based on 11criteria- were compared with each other and then ranked. The villages enjoyingbetter facilities, better accessibility, more dovecots and cultural, historicaland natural attractions were ranked higher. Thus, higher rank villages can beconsidered as potential tourism centers locally and regionally.


The study was conducted on the relationship between usage of ICT and student achievement in learning session at the university among the students.ICT is a useful tool in efforts to make the learning process more relevant and understandable to students.In the context of ICT, learning can be carried out via Facebook, WhatsApp and even E-learning.The level of achievement will be measured by the grade and the feedback obtained.Accordingly, this paper discusses the ICT resources that are often used by students and also to measure the level of understanding students in the learning.A total of 40 students representing University Utara Malaysia final semester students were chosen as respondents for this study.Survey forms were used as a research instrument.Information for this study were examined utilizing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11.0 for Windows. Based on a survey conducted through correlation
methods, the usage of ICT by students showed negative correlation.This shows that the usage of
ICT does not affect the achievement of students.


Research holds a significant role in the careers of medical professionals, something that is highlighted by "Clinical Research and Scholarship" and "Patient Safety and Quality Improvement" being recognised as key sections of the General Medical Council (2018) guidelines: "Outcomes for graduates 2018". A portion of trainee doctors choose to pursue research out of interest, but for many the simple reality is that demonstrating involvement in research is an integral part of the job application process. This starts early, with points being awarded for publishing in a PubMed-indexed journal on application to foundation training (UK Foundation Programme, 2018), and continues through a doctor's career progression to core then specialty training (Health Education England, 2018a, 2018b). In response, organisations such as the National Student Association of Medical Research and INSPIRE by The Academy of Medical Sciences, have been founded to promote research amongst medical students, which have created collaborative projects that aim to provide students with the experience of research, such as STARSurg. Further, universities promote participation in research through intercalated degrees, compulsory audit, elective periods, and student selected modules, some of which may be research specific (Lundin, 2016). However, while these do promote research as a whole, they do not address the publication of research specifically: training in publication and writing is uncommon in student run organisations; collaborative projects output impressive results but do 'not develop the student's understanding of academia'; and only a few students actually participate in the publication process (Ashcroft, 2017). Overall, medical students receive minimal training in the ins and outs of publication as part of their degrees. The result of this is that many medical students do not write up their audit or research project, and the vast majority (86%) do not publish anything while at university (Griffin & Hindocha, 2011). This represents a wasted learning opportunity. Students miss out on developing an understanding of the publication process, particularly how to prepare a manuscript and respond to reviewers' comments or undertake a peer review. Additionally, there are a number of other barriers to publication that students face: few journals publish case reports and audits, which are common opportunities available to medical students; competition with established researchers; and page or open access fees mean that a large number of journals are inaccessible to students as authors. The culmination of these factors is that while many students understand the importance of research they are underprepared in how to publish any research they undertake. It is no wonder therefore, that Glasziou and Chalmers (2018) say there is a "scandal" of research wastage, which occurs due to research not being published, design flaws in studies, and material which has been published but is incomplete or unusable. In fact, they estimate around 50% of research is not published, resulting in wasted effort and money, unnecessary duplication of research, and most importantly — no clinical benefit (Glasziou & Chalmers, 2016). Thus, there is a clear need to improve the training that medical students receive in publication, so in 2016, the National Student Association of Medical Research founded a journal to address this. At first it might seem as though another journal is not needed. There are plenty of journals already in existence, and some authors even suggest that there are too many (Oosterhaven, 2015). There are a number of existing journals aimed at medical students, and searching the first five pages of Google — accounting for the majority of the hyperlinks individuals use (Chaffey, 2018) — for "UK student medical journal" reveals that there are eight academic journals for medical students targeted solely at the UK audience (British Medical Journal, 2018; Cambridge Medicine Journal, 2018; INSPIRE, 2018; Journal of the Royal Medical Society, 2018; Manchester Medical Journal, 2018; The British Student Doctor Journal, 2018).


The article discloses the link between the physical education teacher's pedagogical orientation, ethical competency and pupils' subject-related position in the lesson. This link depends on pupils' attitude to physical education lessons and educational environment created by the teacher. Pedagogical orientation and ethical competency are features characterising the teacher's professional position, actualising the importance of physical education lesson. In the context of the presented research, the impact of the physical education teacher's pedagogical orientation and ethical competency on manifestation of pupils' subject-related abilities is highlighted.


This article aims to describe: the conditions which students must satisfy to be able to apply for a place on the Bar Vocational Course and the new clearing house that has been established to deal with applications for the course; the origins of the Bar Vocational Course and further developments; the way the Bar Vocational Course is taught and assessed at the Inns of Court School of Law; the materials used and instruction given on conducting legal research at the Inns of Court School of Law; and the change in the Bar students' obligations to keep terms at their Inns of Court, as a prerequisite to being "called to the Bar", following the Bar Council's decision to allow a number of colleges to teach the Bar Vocational Course.


For a nation its Economical development depends widely on factors such as its education, industrial growth and many other factors and one of the most important factors amongst them is Energy consumption. Currently in our country we are facing problem such as losses in production, transmission and distribution of power which causes financial damage for everyone. In our country, there is great demand for electrical energy. This electrical energy is widely used in home as well as in various types of industries. For generation, transmission and distribution of the electrical energy cost is quite high. Due to this reason it is important to use and save the electrical energy efficiently, to reduce losses, and simultaneously the generation costs to protect the environment by reducing the power consumption. One of the most effective methods of increasing the savings and efficiency is power compensation. Power consumption is an important for all area that utilizes electrical energy. In most cases, the amount of electricity consumed by electronic and electrical appliances is not readily apparent. Many electronic appliances are produced with an information tag which tells us about its power consumption, but this is typically an average or maximum, and these appliances consume less or more power than information given on tag. Such devices such as solid state TVs, washing machines, Mixer and all other home appliances which often draw power even when they are in off state. In practice if a home appliance consume more power than its rated value then consumers must pay additional charges for monthly electricity bill. Therefore is is necessary to measure and monitor power consumption in household, an industry, particular locality at any certain time constant. Keywords— Analog Multipliers, Power Measurement, Power Factor Measurement, Zcd, Etc. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------


In given clause the information on computer programs «Disorder», «Disorder-cascade 1» and «Disorder-cascade 2 » for calculation of the form and parameters of disorder is stated. The program allows to calculating and givin out on a press in a graphic kind cross-section sections of the disorders formed at carrying out of mass explosions on the open mining works.


The adsorption features of synthetic magnetite nanoparticles have been investigated for removal of uranyl ions from nitric solutions. These magnetic nanoparticles can be used to adsorb contaminants in wastewater and can subsequently be removed from the medium by a magnetic process because of their superparamagnetic behaviour. The magnetite nanoparticles were synthesised by simultaneous precipitating of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in a NaOH solution. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of UO22+ ions from nitric solution, pH 4 and 5, onto magnetic nanoparticles. Two minutes of application of a magnetic field were sufficient for removing the magnetite nanoparticles from the liquid medium. Equilibrium adsorption isotherm was evaluated using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption was between 40% and 80% under conditions studied.


Article History: Received 18.04.2020 Received in revised form 17.06.2020 Accepted 01.08.2020 Available online 12.09.2020 In an attempt to improve Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), prospective mathematics teachers (N=52) were trained in creating technology-based mathematics teaching materials. They learned visual programming, worked in pairs and created mathematics stories, which are intended to improve fourth grade students' mathematics word problem solving. Six of the prospective teachers were willingly participated in this study and watched students completing the stories in actual classroom environments. The purpose was to show them the value of their work and provide advice with regard to improve their TPACK. They (n=6) were interviewed within a qualitative research framework. This study reveals the prospective teachers ́ opinions and beliefs regarding various aspects of the projects, such as students ́ interest, students ́ performance, as well as the teachers ́ professional, pedagogical and individual improvement. The prospective teachers are convinced that teaching by means of technology support students' learning and that technology use in the classrooms is valuable. As a result, it can be confirmed that the process helped them improve their TPACK. © 2020 IJPES. All rights reserved


A method to carry out the pattern synthesis of arbitrary array antennas is presented. This method uses the simulated annealing technique to calculate the power interferences described in the Olen–Compton method. Its application to a linear array of 16 unequally spaced nonidentical elements and to a circular arc array of 25 axial dipoles is shown in order to illustrate its efficiency and accuracy. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 20: 48–50, 1999.


In this work, we demonstrate a novel application of Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) as an in-line characterization method with high lateral resolution for evaluating dry etching of semiconductors. Our SCM investigations focus on low doped n-InP surfaces dry etched with different processes. Post-etch processing, such as annealing under PH/sub 3/, for damage removal is also investigated. The SCM data suggest the formation of highly doped near surface region on as-etched samples, and a recovery of the initial electrical properties upon annealing. These conclusions are shown to be consistent with morphology information simultaneously recorded, and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of (macroscopic) Au/InP metal-semiconductor contacts independently measured.


From a traditional viewpoint, government growth is thought to be a response to population expansion and the increasing complexities of the economy engendered by externalities and various other market failure. In the literature, Buchanan [1] first explains the decision-making process of the government by postulating a utility function for the bureaucracy that has income level and size of bureaucracy as arguments. Thus, this form of utility function is similar to that of a profit maximizing firm. (Note that a hyperbolic utility function implies that government bureaucrats will maximize wages above the market rate times the size of output of bureau services. This is identical to profit maximization.) To achieve these goals, the government bureaus which behave as monopolies must under-produce government services. Hence at the utility maximizing output, it is impossible to have over-size bureaus.1 To amend this, we have to assume that for the utility function of the bureaucracy, more "favor" is attached to the size of the bureaucracy than to the income of the bureaucrats. Niskanen [6] justifies the latter by assuming the sole objective of government bureaucrats is to maximize the "budget allocation". He then demonstrates that this assumption would result in an over-expansion of bureaucracy. Tullock [7; 8] has noted that the above analysis has an obvious drawback in that voters participation is omitted. The introduction of voters in our analysis also introduces competition into the public sector. Downs [3] argues that the sole objective in the decision-making process of government bureaucrats is to maximize political support; that is, ensure re-election. Hence, when government bureaucrats are faced with a group of conscientious voters,


The organization way for stratified teaching in our institute is still in the stage of exploration.It is a long period work to consummate the management of it,to perfect each link of teaching,to compile the teaching material for lower level students,to formulate the requirement which can guide the teaching for each level,to strengthen the leader and supervision for the stratified teaching and to develop the positive role of teachers.We are trying to continue advancing the job of form real mathematics,physics,chemistry and English basic teaching characteristic.


Today, in the time of advancement of computer aided technology the identification of human health related disease is become quite easier. One of the well known method is for detecting tumour is mammography. The disease require early detection and diagnosis as it is done by clinical experts with some prior experiences. The image based segmentation with wavelets and classification can easily detect the disease more faster than other approach. In this task the wavelet based algorithm is used for segmenting the mammogram images into different sub band and detect the region of disease and threshold based approach is required for separating foreground and background area of image. The wavelet based transformation technique is used for frequency domain analysis. The images region is subdivided into 4 regions. It is decomposed into several levels as per frequency components. So the detected area is classified using classification approach for separating the cancer effected mammogram images into abnormal(benign or malignant) or normal images. Here the result of the segmentation and classification provide more than 90% of the accuracy for detection of disease accurately with less error and achieving better image quality parameter for better analysis of the problem. The technique identifies the disease and extract effected region efficiently with better accuracy.


Given a model family and a set of unlabeled examples, one could either label specific examples or state general constraints---both provide information about the desired model. In general, what is the most cost-effective way to learn? To address this question, we introduce measurements, a general class of mechanisms for providing information about a target model. We present a Bayesian decision-theoretic framework, which allows us to both integrate diverse measurements and choose new measurements to make. We use a variational inference algorithm, which exploits exponential family duality. The merits of our approach are demonstrated on two sequence labeling tasks.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of cooperative learning on Academic Learning Time in Physical Education (ALT-PE) in elementary physical educaion class and to provide information for increasing ALT_ PE in physical education . For this research, we executed cooperative learning and traditional learning in 5 th grade and 6th grade elementary children (6 boys and 3 girls) for six weeks, and compared and analyzed the results.
The tool used in observation was ALT PE supervision program developed by yoon Myeong hee(1991). The results of this study are summarized as follows:
First .in teaching activities, time spent inknowledge was reduced significantly but time spent in management was similar. Second, in learners behavior time spent in activities. moving and off tasks increased and time spent in waiting was reduced. Third, ALT PE increased ignificantly in the group to which cooperative learning was applid. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that cooperative learning increases ALT PE and improves students\' academic achievement in elementary physical education classes.


Abstract Does home-based family involvement influence academic performance? To answer this question, a case study research was carried out with 96 children from all six levels of primary education at a public school, and their families. Data regarding home-based family involvement were collected using a questionnaire. Academic achievement was measured from school marks. The results reveal that, apart from two of the factors considered, home–family involvement as a whole is not significantly related to academic achievement. These two factors are access to informal education resources and parents' employment. Family involvement related to the access of children to informal education resources is significantly related to a better academic achievement. Those students with both parents working perform best, and those with none working, worst. Although gender does not appear to significantly influence academic achievement and family involvement, the results show that girls attain better school performance and receive more family attention than boys.


This research used a transaction value perspective (Zajac and Olsen, 1993; Madhok and Tallman, 1998) to examine the impact of competitive and cooperative forces on joint venture (JV) duration. We argue that some factors increasing the management cost of the JV may also increase its value potential. Such factors include whether the partners are direct competitors, and whether their nationality is the same. Findings from a survey study provided support for all of our hypotheses


Abstract The present paper is based on the review of studies conducted in Jammu and Kashmir (India) on the effect of militancy and consequent migration on the displaced Kashmiri Pandit families. The available data indicates that displacement has led to marked changes in their life style, family structure and relationships. Many of these families are dependent on government relief for their survival. Due to lack of privacy in one room tenement, the fertility rate is facing downward trend. They are suffering through financial setback. These displaced families are frustrated because of their inability to cope up with the demands of each family member and as a result there is an increase in the incidence of family disruption. The worst hit section of community is students. They do not have adequate facilities available to them for education and recreation. Kashmiri Pandit children visualize themselves as segregated part of this society, having feeling of uprootedness and alienation deep in their heart. This future generation of Kashmiri Pandits is moving through a perilous path of cultural homogenisation, thereby loosing their identity. On the basis of review of these changes, intervention strategies and suggestions are provided for the researchers and policy makers.


Conceptualization and research have addressed the homogeneity heterogeneity of top management teams and, independently, the effectiveness of alternative corporate governance structures. Those studies which do concurrently consider directors and management focus largely on the board's monitoring of the CEO. The interdependencies which exist among chief executive others, top management teams, and boards of directors necessitate an integrative approach which simultaneously considers these groups of strategic leaders. In this paper, we provide a rationale whereby a firm might elect a CEO or board dominance structure as compared to more balanced governance structures. We suggest that the efficacy of such choices may depend on several attendant conditions including the portfolio exposure and globalization of the firm, its ownership patterns (e.g., five percent owners, institutional investors, positions held by other corporations), and resource dependence and information requirements.


The outlook now for the library automation industry is perhaps more positive than at any other time in recent years. At last there are real prospects for change and growth. However, the future role of the library management system is by no means clear, and the challenge which this presents, to suppliers and librarians alike, is the main theme of this contribution.


In order to improve the situation in which ASM is not robust enough to light changes,locating method of ASM facial feature under the illumination's change is put forward: using the powerful local binary patterns(ELBP),all markers points use 2D profile,introducing the face detection operator of Rowley,automatically positioning the face and eye to improve the searching results which are led by improper initiate face position caused by the change of light.The experiments show that under the conditions of illumination changes,ASM facial feature's locating method can achieve more accurate results and more robust to the illumination changes of positive face on the left and right side.


Boron containing π-electron chromophores represented by tri(9-anthryl)borane show quite unique spectroscopic and photophysical properties, owing to the presence of the vacant p-orbital on the boron atom. In practice, we demonstrated that the excited states of arylborane derivatives were characterized by charge transfer from the π-orbital of the aryl group to the vacant p-orbital on the boron atom: π(Ar) – p(B) CT. If such π(Ar) – p(B) CT interactions are introduced to the MLCT excited state of a transition metal complex, new and novel aspects into photophysics of the metal complexes could be demonstrated. We have previously reported our experiments on the platinum(II) complexes having arylborane-appended 2,2':6',2"-terpyridine (tpy) ligands to demonstrate synergetic metal(M) – ligand and π(Ar) – p(B) CT interactions.
 In the present study, we focus on donor-acceptor interaction using an arylborane substituent and discussed about the charge separation on the spectroscopic and photophysical properties of their metal complexes. Then, we synthesized a novel cyclometalated-type platinum (II) complex using an NCN tridentate ligand with boron substituents, which is thought to cause intermolecular interactions, and investigated its spectroscopic properties.

 Figure 1


Abstract. We introduce a method for construction of a covariant differential calculus over a Hopf algebra A from a quantized calculus da = [D, a], a ∈ A, where D is a candidate for a Dirac operator for A. We recover the method of construction of a bicovariant differential calculus given by T.Brzeziński and S.Majid created from a central element of the dual Hopf algebra A. We apply this method to the Dirac operator for the quantum SL(2) given by S.Majid. We find that the differential calculus obtained by our method is the standard bicovariant 4D-calculus. We also apply this method to the Dirac operator for the quantum SL(2) given by P.N.Bibikov and P.P.Kulish and show that the resulted differential calculus is 8-dimensional.


The objective of the present study was to evaluate the tactical and physical performance during official matches of a women's soccer league and to correlate both dimensions in periods of 15 min. To do this, eight official matches of a semi-professional soccer team belonging to the Women's Second Division of Spain (Reto Iberdrola) were analysed during the 2020–2021 season. The variables recorded were classified into two dimensions: tactical variables (i.e., Width, Length, Height and Surface Area) and physical variables (i.e., Total Distance Covered (TD), Total Distance Covered in High-Speed Running (HSR) and Total Distance Covered in Sprint). The main results were: (1) there were no differences between the periods in any of the tactical dimension variables; (2) in the physical dimension, a significant decrease in TD and HSR was described at the end of the match (period 60–75); and (3) some positive correlations were found among some variables of the tactical and physical dimension at the beginning and at the end of the match (periods 0–15, 60–75 and 75–90). The findings of the study suggest that connecting the tactical and physical dimension in the interpretation of team performance would allow for a better understanding of player and team performance and during competition.


Previously, we reported the regional variations in intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the small intestine of mice. To clarify the effects of intestinal bacteria on the distribution of IELs, regional variations in IELs were examined using germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) BALB/cA mice. The small intestine was taken and divided equally into three parts (the proximal, middle, and distal parts). IELs were isolated from each part of the intestine, and the total number of IELs in GF mice was about one seventh of that in SPF mice. The decreased number of IELs in GF mice suggests that intestinal bacteria may be essential for local expansion of IELs. On the other hand, similar regional variations in IEL subsets observed in both GF and SPF mice, except for some subsets. The similarity of regional variations in GF and SPF mice indicates that the regional variations in IEL subsets may not fundamentally depend on intestinal bacteria.


This glow plug comprises: - a body (2) tubular having at one of its ends a plug head and a fixing zone including means (12, 13) for fastening in a bore, - a finger (4) mounted on the body (2) of the plug at the opposite end to the head plug, and- a pressure sensor (8) sealingly isolated from the corresponding cylinder, the finger (4) is attached to a tubular zone (17) elastically deformable and intended to be in projection inside the cylinder.The pressure sensor (8) is mounted between the finger (4) and a supporting part (18) fixed inside the body (2) tubular.


This exhibition of moving image works by the Amsterdam-based, Isaeli-born artist Yael Bartana explores how social ritual and everyday activities promote national and cultural cohesion.

The works selected by curator Helena Reckitt, in tandem with the artist, capture the friction between public and private activities and identities, and that highlight the military's pervasive presence, group behaviour amidst political uncertainty, and the conquest, settlement, and defense of contested land. The exhibition also also included works that focus on forms of critique and protest enacted by residents of this militarised and hyper-nationalist nation-state, revealing a far-from homogenous or consensual range of subjectivities and political affiliations at play.

In the moving image works included, Bartana makes the everyday strange by editing, manipulating and slowing down footage in order to isolate moments of ambivalence, resistance or over-compensation that undercut simple national and cultural affiliations, that the artist hopes might "provoke honest responses and perhaps replace the predictable, controlled reactions encouraged by the state." Her approach to the quotidian has been likened to Polish-Canadian writer Eva Hoffman's notion of "amateur anthropology. " Yet while Hoffman's focus is on the immigrant, who notices details that those who were raised within a culture take for granted, Bartana occupies the position of a national, whose passionate interest in her country of birth has been sharpened by her choice to live outside Israel, in Amsterdam, since 2000.

Kings of the Hill (2003) depicts men driving their trucks and SUVs in the coastal hills near Tel-Aviv, watched by friends and family members. Motoring up and around the sandy dunes, their vehicles often lose traction and slide backwards. As night falls it is hard to tell whether we are witnessing familiar displays of macho prowess or something more sinister. The men's motors rev in Sisyphean futility, and seem to reflect the seemingly intractable permanence of Israel's military mentality, as the silhouettes of these anonymous male figures are framed against the sky.

Low Relief II (2004) combines documentation of several peace protests featuring both Israeli and Palestinian demonstrators, their military escorts and the overhead blimp that records them. Bartana has digitally adapted her footage to give it a silver, flattened quality that evokes relief sculpture. The ongoing process of political demonstrations takes on a timeless quality, becoming, in Bartana's words, "a moving monument to the everyday reality of how it feels to live in Israel."

The two-screen projection Wild Seeds (2006) with its Biblical echoes of seeds growing in the desert, shows a group of young Israelis playing a game they have created. Named "Evacuation of Gilad's Colony," the game evolved from the forced withdrawal of Jewish settlers from the Occupied Territories and the violent confrontation between soldiers and settlers at Gilad's Farms in 2002. The teens themselves are third-generation Zionists who oppose Israeli's occupation of the West Bank. Two of the players act as soldiers while the others attempt to resist them. Filmed in the incongruously beautiful mountains of Prat's Settlement, Judean hills, one screen presents footage of the group's antics while the other translates their words and sounds into English text. Wild Seeds suggests the impact that political violence and its resulting instability have on people's psyches and behaviour, a theme that carries through much of Bartana's work. Moving between manic playfulness and black humour, the game becomes a contemporary chronicle of a recent event that re-enacts the trauma of forced exodus.

Profile (2001) focuses on compulsory military service in Israel through close-ups of a female soldier at target practice. The soldier's apparent awkwardness and ambivalence evoke the tension between self-determination and the demands of the nation-state. As Bartana states, "That soldier becomes a symbol that reflects my own feelings and emotions about the situation. I try to keep the viewer as an outsider and observer, and hope that this separation will allow them to connect to their own emotions as well."

The exhibition was accompanied by a discussion, 'Contemporary Art in/out of the Middle East,' which responded to the issues raised by the exhibition, on 21 March. Moderated by Professor and Associate Chair at the Visual Studies Program at the University of Toronto, filmmaker and co-founder of V-Tape Lisa Steele, speakers were Vicky Moufawad-Paul, Executive Director of the Toronto Arab Film Festival and Exhibition Coordinator at A Space; bh Yael, a Toronto-based filmmaker, installation artist and Associate Professor and Chair in Integrated Media at OCAD; and Carol Zemel, Professor of Modern and Contemporary Art History at York University. The discussion focused on the tensions and contradictions of the modern Israel that Bartana pictures, and on the efficacy of the ambivalent stance expressed in her work.


S–1358 (S-n-butyl-S′-p-tert-butylbenzyl n-3-pyridylimidodithiocarbonate) remarkably inhibited growth of Monilinia fructigena at 10 μm, causing excessive branching and distortion of hyphae. Endogenous as well as exogenous respiration was not affected by the toxicant. The incorporations of Uracil-U-14C and thymine-2-14C into nucleic acids and protein hydroly-Sate-U-14C into proteins were only slightly inhibited. Furthermore, S–1358 has no influence on the incorporations of d--glucose-U-14C and d-glucosamine-1-14C into cell wall during early incubation periods. On the other hand, although sodium acetate-U-14C incorporation into total lipids was only moderately suppressed, thin-layer chromatographic separation of labeled lipids revealed that the incorporation into 4-desmethyl sterols was strictly diminished by the toxicant and at the same time the accumulation of radioactivity into 4,4-dimethyl sterols took place. The results presented evidence that S–1358 disturbs the biosynthetic pathways of sterols rather ...


The administration of criminal law in Zimbabwe has been taking a downward trend over the years with prisoners on remand experiencing lengthy pre-trial periods. This has caused overcrowding in prisons and detriment to the sus-pects whose presumption of innocence is compromised by the prolonged incarceration without their guilt being established. My quest for answers as to why the problem seems to be getting worse rather than better has prompted this research. This study enquires into the causes for the delays in obtaining a speedy trial for prisoners in custodial remand in Zimbabwe.
This paper, enquires into the causes of the delays from the perspectives of various stakeholders and to analyse the role of the state organ responsible for the administration of justice; the judiciary, in realising the right to a speedy trial. I will also look at the role of the related institutions such as the Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP), the Zimbabwe Prison Services (ZPS), the lawyers in private practice as well as the significance of the judicial precedents on the right to a speedy trial that have been established through case law. The essential elements of the Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA), such as accountability, participation and the interdependence of rights will be formulated into a methodology, identifying the gaps in the current practices of the judiciary and its related institutions as well as revealing the importance of adopting a HRBA to the claiming and realizing of the right to a speedy trial in Zimbabwe. In the end, some policy advice will be given, which can be adopted by the judicial policy makers in devising better strategies for the achievement of criminal justice.


A link-up radio resource control method, a mobile communication network can be improved capacity and coverage area, the method comprising the steps of: measuring the total interference and intra-cell interference values; measurement report to the radio network controller; in response to the report from the base station, in the radio network controller, allowed total interference calculated for the independent cell; total interference to the base station transmits information related to allowable; and a base station sent in response to the total tolerable interference, uplink data packet transmission of a plurality of mobile stations are scheduled , so as not to exceed the allowable total interference calculated for the respective cells.


Along with decrease and shortage of earth resources, economical packages enter into people's life which will lead fashion in the future life and change consumption habits of consumers. It is imperative to simplify some unnecessarily luxurious packages and it is inevitable to make economical designs and de-packaging treatments to packages of different products like foods and electronic products in the future.


The nearly singular integrals in the boundary element analysis of coated structures are transformed into the analytic expressions by means of integration by parts.The mechanical behaviors of the coated structures under Hertzian type pressure are studied by the analytic boundary element method.The maximum shear stress is used to act as the criterion of the bonded strength.The effects of changing material and geometric parameters on the maximum shear stress are analyzed.The numerical results reveal the following conclusions for coated structures under Hertzian type pressure: as the coating is very thin,there are two dangerous sections for the structural strength,one is in the sub-surface of the coating and the other is at the interface when the coating is more compliant than the substrate;however,the interface is the only dangerous section as the coating is more rigid than the substrate;and when the thickness of the coating becomes larger,there is only one dangerous section which exists in the sub-surface of the coating.


This study uses the microdata from the 1997 National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (NSGVP) and from a comparable survey for 1987 to answer a number of key questions pertaining to the role of employers in support of employee voluntarism: (a) How extensive is employer support? (b) How has employer support change over the last 10 years? (c) What organizations or activities do employer support the most? (d) How employer support affects employee volunteers?


We present a stochastic simple chemostat model in which the dilution rate was influenced by white noise. The long time behavior of the system is studied. Mainly, we show how the solution spirals around the washout equilibrium and the positive equilibrium of deterministic system under different conditions. Furthermore, the sufficient conditions for persistence in the mean of the stochastic system and washout of the microorganism are obtained. Numerical simulations are carried out to support our results.


Early Precambrian rock units in the Urals are present in several polymetamorphic complexes, which are exposed in the Urals in the form of small (<1500 km2) tectonic blocks. Their ages are Archaean (as old as 3.5 Ga) and Palaeoproterozoic. During the formation of these complexes in the early Precambrian, two stages of ultra-high-temperature (granulite) metamorphism occurred. The maximum age of the early Neoarchaean stage of metamorphism is 2.79 Ga. Evidence of this metamorphic event includes the dating of the Taratash gneiss-granulite complex of the South Urals. Gneiss-migmatite complexes, which dominate the lower Precambrian section of the Urals, were formed in the Palaeoproterozoic during the sequential appearance of granulite facies metamorphism followed by amphibolite facies metamorphism and accompanying granitization. The maximum age of the Palaeoproterozoic stage of granulite metamorphism in the Alexandrov gneiss-migmatite complex, the most well-studied complex in the South Urals, is 2.08 Ga.


This paper studies the performance of novel honeycomb materials with the cell walls made of natural fiber reinforced thermoplastics. It focuses on developing a methodology for the maximization of the specific transverse shear strength of reinforced honeycombs and prediction of the corresponding cell geometry. The load carrying capacity of wood fiber reinforced polypropylene honeycomb shows a substantial improvement as compared to that of a polypropylene honeycomb of the same density. Theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental results. Excellent performance of the reinforced polypropylene honeycombs indicates a promising future for such materials.


Dispersal in birds can have an important influence on the genetic structure of populations by affecting gene flow. In birds that learn their songs, dispersal can affect the ability of male birds to share songs in song dialects and may influence mate attraction. We used Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) trace element analysis on the body feathers of birds to assess dispersal among four song dialects. We found that (1) most males had a feather element profile typical of only one dialect location; (2) males singing non-local ('foreign') dialects in a focal population often learned their foreign songs outside the dialect; and (3) females often dispersed among dialects. We estimated 5% dispersal per year by yearling males between the site of moulting and breeding. Our estimate is consistent with genetic estimates of widespread gene flow between dialects in this subspecies of the white-crowned sparrow.


Background: Caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) is a transcription factor expressed in the gastro-intestinal (GI) epithelial (IEC) and stromal cells. CDX2 along with APC can regulate Lgr5 intestinal stem cell (ISC) differentiation to control GI development or neoplasia. CDX2 or APC loss function is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) advance. However, whether APC directly regulates CRC metastasis is not clear. We aim to determine the role of inactive Apc gene in Cdx2 GI cells on Lgr5 ISC metastasis. Methods: Tissue sections were collected from colorectal adenocarcinoma or CRC hepatic-metastatic patients, CDX2, CTNNB1, α-SMA, APC and LGR5 expressions were determined. Apc flox mice were crossed with Lgr5CreER and/or Cdx2CreER mice and Apc gene in the Lgr5 ISCs, Cdx2 IECs or stromal cells was inactivated. Cdx2CreER;Apc mice were then crossed with tgfr2 flox mice, tgfr2 was depleted in the Apc-deficient Cdx2 cells. GI tract and liver histology was evaluated and the expression of Lgr5, APC, α-SMA, β-catenin, and CDX2 were examined. The colorectal polyps induced by Apc inactivation were dissected, total RNA was extracted to perform RNA-Seq and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The colorectal organoids were differentiated. These differentiated organoids were then under intra-abdominal xenotransplantation. Meanwhile, HT-29 cells were transfected with APC and/or CDX2 gRNAs. Results: CTNNB1 and LGR5 expression are increased in human colorectal adenocarcinoma and hepatic-metastatic CRC while interstitial CDX2 and SMA colocalization are robustly pronounced compared to normal colorectum. Induction of Apc depletion in Lgr5 cells in 6-week-old mice leads to Lgr5+ rectal adenocarcinoma and Lgr5 crypts in liver while depletion of Apc in Lgr5 cells in 3-month-old mice results in only Lgr5 intestinal adenoma. 10 day-induction of Apc depletion in Cdx2 cells leads to rectal fibroma and intestinal adenoma as well as undifferentiated metastatic Lgr5 cells in liver. Notably, Apc depletion led to decreased crypt CDX2 while increased colocalization of CDX2 and α-SMA in the stromal cells of adenocarcinoma, and increased expression of TGFBβr2, β-catenin, and EMT markers. Induction of Apc depletion in both Cdx2 and Lgr5 cells led to signet ring cell carcinomas in colorectum and liver. Finally, inducing tgfr2 depletion in Apc-inactive Cdx2 cells impaired GI cancer cell metastasis to liver. Colorectal orgnoids exhibited cancer phenotypes upon Apc depletion in CDX2 or Lgr5 cells. Surprisingly, intra-abdominal xenotransplantation of colorectal organoids exhibited that organoids with Apc deficiency in Lgr5 cells appeared no colonization on or invasion of liver tissues whereas the organoids with Apc deficiency in Cdx2 cells invaded liver. Conclusion: Reduced Apc in Cdx2 cells are required for Lgr5 cell transformation to Lgr5- cancer stem cells. Inactive intestinal Apc increases Cdx2-α-SMA stromal niche cells and facilitates Lgr5 ISC metastasis to liver partially through TGF-β and/or wnt-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanisms.
 Citation Format: Xiaonan Han, Ahmed Bakheet, Wen Gao. Depletion of Apc gene in Cdx2 gastro-intestinal cells facilitates metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma Lgr5 cells to distant organs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer; 2022 Oct 1-4; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(23 Suppl_1):Abstract nr A033.


Environmental hydrogeological impacts imposed by a graveyard To evaluate the en v ironm en ta l im pact o f an in tended g raveyard , a hydrogeological study was carried out in Cambeses, Barcelos. The area proposed for the setting of this graveyard is located in a mountain ridge with eastward runoff. Geologically, the area comprises a biotite-rich, coarse grained, porphyritic granite with high weathering degree (W4.5) and is crossed by a dextral strike-slip fault with N 70° E strike. Recharge is estimated to be 25% o f rainfall and groundwater flow is preferentially eastward, following shallow pathways. The studied area has a high density o f groundwater sampling points that mostly belongs to a chloridesodium facies. Generally, these groundwaters have low mineralization but some samples have high contents o f nitrate, chloride, sodium, aluminium and zinc, indicating anthropogenic contamination. Hydrogeological setting o f proposed area shows its high vulnerability to contamination and, therefore, it is not favourable to the implantation of a graveyard.


We have measured the Raman spectra of β- and α-barium metaborate in crystal and liquid states from room temperature to 1873 K, with a semiconductor laser as the laser source, coupled with a time-resolved detection system to eliminate the dense thermal emission background when temperature was considerably high. Temperature-dependent Raman spectra can clearly indicate that the phase transformation from β- to α-barium metaborate has been completed during 1273-1300 K. Variations of different kinds of microstructure units with temperature are identified and discussed.


This paper believes that there is a great employment potential in the Chinese communities. Labor departments should focus on the conscious development of service industries in the communities to increase the re-employment. The cooperation from various departments concerned is needed to eliminate the various existing barriers to the employment in the communities.


Wheat and maize starches were phosphorylated with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPS) at 4 different levels of addition. The maximum viscosities of the wheat doughs formed were increased and the dough temperatures decreased as the degrees of substitution of phosphate groups were increased; while for the maize starch the viscosities were increased and the dough temperatures remained constant. The phosphorylated starches (starch/water, 1:10) were subjected to cooking (100 oC/1 minute), followed by drying (40 oC/~ 4.0 per cent moisture) and milling (particle diameter, Φ = 0.149 mm) to determine the resistant starch (RS) content. For the lowest degree of substitution of phosphate groups in wheat starch (0.0029), resistant starch content of 30.46 per cent was found, while for maize starch RS content of 24.36 per cent was found. For the highest degree of substitution in wheat starch (0.0127) 46.69 per cent of RS content was found; while for maize starch, RS content of 28.40 per cent was found. According to the results, the increase in the degree of substitution in both cases seems to induce an increase in the resistant starch content, and phosphorylation with TPS was shown to be an excellent method for producing significant quantities of resistant starch in both wheat and maize starch.