This paper presents the experience conducted in the framework of the Erasmus+ FeedBack Project, which aims at developing the practice of feedback through arts. The article introduces the practice of feedback as essential tool to enhance teaching and learning activities in the different level of education, with a specific focus on higher education. The FeedBack project has developed an Art-Based Feedback Model, which has been firstly defined in terms of actors, who give and receive feedback through different channels. Furthermore, the model has been integrated with the concept of Art-Based Initiatives, directly related to processes of Sustainability, Inspiration and Transformation implemented in teaching and learning contexts. Through an open and integrated virtual and face-to face strategy, that includes a digital toolkit, webinars, Massive Open Online Courses, events and workshops, the Arts-based FeedBack Model has been disseminated in several countries, stimulating the discussion and innovating the teaching and learning practices. This strategy lead to positive outcomes in terms of raising awareness of the topic, supporting the design and personalisation of the feedback process itself and, thus, enhancing the teaching and learning experience, especially in higher education contexts.


AbstractNetwork reconfiguration of a power distribution system is an operation to alter the topological structure of distribution feeders by changing open/closed status of sectionalizing and tie switches. Network reconfiguration balances feeder loads and helps in managing overload conditions of the network by transferring load from heavily loaded feeders to lightly loaded ones. In this paper we have introduced an ant colony system algorithm for performing network reconfiguration efficiently so as to minimize power losses occurring in a distribution network. The main idea is that of having a set of agents, called ants, which perform search in parallel for good solutions and cooperate through pheromone-mediated indirect and global communication. Informally, each ant constructs a solution path in an iterative way. Validation of the proposed algorithm has been carried using a standard IEEE network. The results found are satisfactory and prove ant colony system algorithm to be an efficient tool for optimal net...


. Kobayashi [ 13 ] introduced complex contact manifolds as a variant of real contact manifolds. Later, Ishihara and Konishi [ 11 ] defined normality of complex contact manifolds as for Sasakian manifolds in real contact geometry. In this paper, we construct normal complex contact manifolds via reduction from hyperkähler manifolds, and give a new example of normal complex contact manifolds. To check the normality for the new examples, we give a useful identity about sectional curvatures of normal complex contact manifolds. We also give an explicit example of a non-normal complex almost contact metric structure on S 4 m + 3 × S 4 n + 3 .


I stand alone in the cold autumn. The River Hsiang goes north By the shore of Orange Island. Red all around the myriad mountains, Rows of woods drenched utterly in color, The brimming river jade-green, clear. A hundred barges fight for the current. Eagles swoop down the long void. Fish whirl through shallows. Ten thousand species, this frosty day, vie for freedom. Restless in this infinitude, I ask the huge, hazy earth: Who rules all that floats or drowns?


Purpose. To fulfil methodical recommendations about definition of "equivalent" physicomechanical characteristics of a metal honeycomb filler of type HEXCEL. Methodology. Carried out calculations by a FEM of six models of a honeycomb filler of type HEXCEL on the basis of a foil 5056-6-23, and also applied engineering formulas. Findings. It is shown, that in need of carrying out of calculations of a honeycomb filler of type HEXCEL as a part of a composit plate by a FEM with high accuracy, rationally and it is enough to apply three-dimensional finite elements of type Solid of the first order of approximation. It is revealed, that the majority of "equivalent" physicomechanical characteristics of the specified filler are defined with high accuracy simple formulas. But not all: modules Yung's boy and are defined with the big errors. Considering, that their parity influences a parity between factors Пуассона and , these modules are necessary for defining on the basis of numerical calculations. Originality. Methodical recommendations about definition of all "equivalent" physicomechanical characteristics of a metal honeycomb filler of type HEXCEL, necessary for thermal and thermoelastic calculations are created.


The utility model relates to the technical field of anti-counterfeiting films, in particular to a transfer holographic anti-counterfeiting film capable of printing personalized information. The transfer holographic anti-counterfeiting film comprises a paper base (1), a composite adhesive (2), a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film base (3), a release layer (4), an information layer (5), a transparent medium (6) and a printing adhesive layer (7) which are sequentially composited from top to bottom, wherein the paper base (1) adopts PE (polyethylene) coated paper; the composite adhesive (2) adopts a pressure-sensitive adhesive; the PET film base (3) adopts a film with a thickness ranging from 15 mu to 20 mu; the release layer (4) adopts resin release; the information layer (5) adopts acrylic acid resin paint; the transparent medium (6) is a metallic compound; and the printing adhesive layer (7) adopts a PU (polyurethane) adhesive. Compared with the prior art, the transfer holographic anti-counterfeiting film is simple and reasonable in structure, facilitates centralized card manufacturing, can be firmly combined with a data page, and cannot be stripped, so that the personalized information cannot be tampered; and further, the transfer holographic anti-counterfeiting film has wide application and can be applicable to various passports, certificates and the like.


Meg's had a revolutionary hand transplant. But her new limb has it's own agenda. Terrifying horror. Barrington Stoke specialise in books for reluctant, struggling and dyslexic readers


A simple interferometric technique has been developed to sequentially measure the piezoelectric and electro-optic (EO) coefficient of the poled polymer films. This technique, similar to the Michelson interferometer, is based on compensating the change of the optical path due to the piezoelectric and electric-optic effect of the poled polymer films by opposite piezoelectric effect of a quartz crystal. Our technique has advantages of simplicity, high sensitivity, and improved accuracies over the previous ones. The experimental values of the EO coefficients agree with the values predicted by the two-level model.


The single-closed-shell nucleus /sup 114/Sn was studied using the /sup 100/Mo(/sup 18/O,4n) reaction. High-spin deformed states in /sup 114/Sn were observed up to the (22/sup +/) state, and the backbending phenomenon was found. Constancy in the moment of inertia for the high-spin states was observed. The calculation based on the spin-projection Hartree-Bogoliubov model reproduces well the experimental data. The backbending phenomenon in /sup 114/Sn is explained as due to the band crossing between the intruder g band and the intruder aligned (..nu..h/sub 11/2/)/sup 2/ band.


We study the geodesics problem in Heisenberg group H ( case SR and riemannian). The sheaf of infinitesimal automorphisms of the (2n,2n+1) distribution D over H is an infinite, transitive Lie algebra sheaf.


Age-specific fertility patterns of 5 Arab countries for which data w ere available were studied. It was determined that the fertility curves of the countries were similar. In most of these countries as one would expect in developing countries the peak age of fertility is attained in broad age groups. Tunisia and egypt had late-peak types of fertility patterns. With the broad-peak type the age-specific fertility rates in the 20-24 and 25-29 age groups differ only slightly. With the late-peak type maximum fertility is in the 25-29 age group. This difference may be explained by the fact that there have been some attempts at population control programs in Egypt and Tunisia. The age at marriage did not differ markedly among the countries although it is noted that M orocco and Kuwaits age at marriage was younger.


Plentiful bacteria samples were taken from filters for studing effect of microorganism on(removal) of iron.The test results indicated that the effect is significant.And the maturation of filters is due to regular reproduction of bacteria,including iron bacteria and some other bacteria.Not only the microorganism on the filter sands,but also the microorganism in the ferric mud contributes to(maturate) of the filters and quality of the water.


This article discusses my (recursive) process of theory building and the relationship between research, teaching, and theory development for graduate students. It shows how graduate students can reshape their conceptual frameworks not only through course work, but also through researching classes they teach. Specifically, while analyzing the intersection of modality, evidence, and argument in my students' writing, I began to adopt Bakhtinian (1981) theory of dialogic voicing and appropriation as a framework through which to approach writing development. I examine the influences of curriculum, policy, citation, and plagiarism on student writing and conclude with discussing the changes in my teaching practices.


240.60 Definitions. 240.61 Applicability. 240.62 Jurisdiction. 240.63 Application process. 240.64 Eligibility—general. 240.65 Eligibility for suspension of deportation. 240.66 Eligibility for special rule cancellation of removal. 240.67 Procedure for interview before an asylum officer. 240.68 Failure to appear at an interview before an asylum officer or failure to follow requirements for fingerprinting. 240.69 Reliance on information compiled by other sources. 240.70 Decision by the Service.


Within the SARS concession previous survey and excavation work was directed by Derek Welsby in 1999 (Welsby 2000; 2003a), in the winter of 2002-2003 and in December 2003 (Welsby 2003b; this volume). The work in 1999 consisted of survey, focusing on a stretch of c. 10km in the centre of the concession which included numerous islands as well as part of the left bank. In 2002-03, excavation focused on sampling cemeteries and tomb monuments of various types. The present season, of the University College London/SARS expedition, focused instead on settlement sites as well as additional survey on the large island of Ishashi (Figure 1). All of the work this year was conducted on islands which raised certain logistical challenges in terms of transporting team members and finds by boat and navigating sometimes challenging rapids. In addition to archaeological excavation, collection of modern flora and interviews with local women about agricultural practices were conducted. The nature of threshing floors, land-holding, sowing cycles, and animal fodder were discussed. In addition, some modern reference specimens of fish were collected along with information on traditional practices from a local fisherman. Ishashi Island Survey


Abstract : Many of the arguments supporting diversity in the military focus on the instrumental benefits available to an organization that embraces differences. Viewed through this lens, diversity risks becoming another to do, and prioritized according to available resources. Arguing for diversity primarily from the basis of the capability argument also fails to challenge the as yet unresolved perceived tension between a militarys com-bat effectiveness, and its adherence to the values and laws of the state it protects. This thesis seeks to reframe the diversity debate by arguing that a diverse military reflective of the demography of society is a fundamental necessity in a Western liberal democracy. The paper uses sociological theory to posit that current approaches to diversity in the US Air Force overlook the role of identity in molding behavioral norms and influencing the ability of the organization to process and integrate difference. Using the US Air Force Academy as a case study, this thesis seeks to determine how identities are constructed in early officer training, and how these nascent identities might influence the overall levels of diversity within the organization. By blending quantitative and qualitative evidence, this project concludes that the US Air Force Academy constructs and cultivates exclusive identities that conflict with government initiatives to build a diverse and inclusive organization. The analysis concludes with a number of policy recommendations that the author believes might be beneficial initial steps in re-casting the dominant identity of the US Air Force officer corps.


The concerns of Dutch terminally ill cancer patients who stayed in their home environment were explored, and in this 'Letter to the editor', we communicate some of our findings. In order to relate the actual physical state of the patients to their concerns, we constructed a relatively short self-report questionnaire of 19 items (partly open questions, partly using a Visual-analogue scale 0 10), including the WHO-functional scale. A total of 280 general practices in the northern part of the country were enlisted to approach patients with a life-expectancy of less then six months. The average general practice in the Netherlands takes care of about three to four terminally ill patients per year. Therefore, during the recruitment period of seven months, about 500 patients were expected to meet our inclusion criteria. In principle, every Dutch inhabitant has access to basic homecare. In actuality, a total of 51 patients were included (by 34 GPs); 34 questionnaires were used for analysis (respondents: 14 male (mean age: 63.9, SD: 9.2); 20 female (mean age: 67.5, SD: 10.5); median time since diagnosis: 14 months; 28 patients (82%) lived with a partner). Six patients died before completion of the questionnaire, 11 questionnaires were incomplete. Concerning the functional state, about half of the 34 patients was partially/totally confined to bed and partially/totally disabled. A majority, 26 patients (76%) suffered from two or more physical problems. Pain was most frequently mentioned (n /23, 61%), followed by fatigue (n /13, 39%). A majority of the patients reported concerns about the further physical course of the disease (n /22, 60%), as well as non-physical concerns (n /23, 68%, eg, concerns about partner, children, loosing control, loss of independence, not being able to say good-bye). Patients with a WHO-functional state of 3 4 reported significantly more concerns (physical as well as non -physical) than patients with a score of 0 2 (P / 0.04). Almost half of the patients (n /16, 47%) reported a threat to their dignity. Important aspects concerning 'maintenance of dignity' were: being able to say goodbye; dying at home; dying without symptoms; dying in peace; being clear of mind; being able to control the end (by euthanasia). Interestingly, ten patients (29%) stated they had no concerns at all (physical or non-physical). Furthermore, the majority (n /28, 82%) reported not being afraid of dying. Of course, the results of our study permit only limited conclusions. Although many patients were approached, only 10% of the potential population (n /51) was included. This confirms the structural difficulty of including terminal patients in a study. However, this study evokes several considerations. A high level of physical complaints in the terminally ill, as reported here and by others, 5 may indicate that, for many patients, symptoms are not under optimal (medical) control. Another notable point from our study is that not dying as such, but the uncertainty about the dying process was related to the severity of actual physical symptoms. This was also mentioned in other recent studies. (Although Heaven and Maguire, reported that loss of independence seems to be the major concern in terminally ill, we think this may be due to the fact that their study was performed in a hospice population, where symptom control may be more optimal than in home situations, and the threat of loosing control and independence may be greater. A wish for euthanasia (mentioned a few times by patients), or the wish to die at home, can be viewed as an attempt to maintain personal control. Of course, cultural aspects may influence patients' perceptions on suffering, dying, death and euthanasia.) In conclusion, we believe our exploratary study stresses the high value of symptom control. A lack of (feelings of) symptom-control may evoke concerns regarding the course of the disease, as well as concerning the process of dying. Adequate symptom management may not only alleviate current suffering, but also prevent physical and non-physical concerns in the future.


The tribological properties of Al2O3/WS2 composite lubricant were examined by using a ball-on-plate reciprocating sliding wear test configuration utilizing PAO6 base fluid and oleic acid as surfactant. The morphology and chemical composition of the wear tracks were examined by using a scanning electron microscope and a x-ray energy dispersive spectrometer. It was found that the coefficient of friction was reduced by 46.6% after adding 0.5 wt% Al2O3/WS2 composite particles. The wear width and wear depth were reduced by 37% and 59.6% after adding 3 wt% Al2O3/WS2 composite particles. In orthogonal tests, it was proposed that the best tribological performance of Al2O3/WS2 composite lubricant could be achieved while using the normal load of 50 N, frequency of 2 Hz and temperature of 65 °C. Frequency could be considered as the primary factor affecting the tribological properties of compsite lubricant. The excellent lubricating performance could be attributed to the formation of WS2 tribo-film with low shearing resistance, and a portion of the Al2O3 particles were embedded by external force to prevent surface contact between the steel ball and brass plate.


The present report deals with the species composition of fish larvae collected during five oceanographic cruises which covered the Pacific Coast of Southen Baja California, Mexico. These surveys were accomplished during May and August-September, as these months represent the extreme conditions in the flow intensity of the California Current. The dates of the cruises here reported are the following: May and Septemer 1983, May 1984 and May and August 1985. The oarticular interest from these results is that they include a period of anomalus warm conditions at this region, namely the El Nino event of 1982-1983. This is reflected in the latitudial distribution of fish larvae from the Eastern Tropical Pacific, such as the myctophid fish Benthosema panamense which were located north from their reported distribution, as well as by a reduction in the latitudinal distribution of fish larvae which characterize transitional water from the California Current, such the myctophid fish Protomyctophum crockeri.


Wireless sensor networks is a group of sensor nodes which works jointly to perform a common application, it consists of low cost, low power, small in size and multi functional sensor nodes. They are densely deployed in the field. Because sensors are operated by battery power life time of the wireless nodes are limited. So we need some efficient routing techniques by which we can save the life time of the senor node. In this paper we discuss the different types of routing protocol. Routing protocols are application dependent based on the network structure we can classify the routing techniques in three categories: data centric, hierarchical and location base. This survey paper is a base paper to understand WSN routing techniques its merits and demerits so one can easily identify routing protocol for specific application.


The complete and accurate duplication of genomic information is vital to maintain genome stability in all domains of life. In Escherichia coli, replication termination, the final stage of the duplication process, is confined to the 'replication fork trap' region by multiple unidirectional fork barriers formed by the binding of Tus protein to genomic ter sites. Termination typically occurs away from Tus-ter complexes, but they become part of the fork fusion process when a delay to one replisome allows the second to travel more than halfway around the chromosome. In this instance, replisome progression is blocked at the non-permissive interface of Tus-ter and termination occurs when a converging replisome meets the non-permissive interface. To investigate the consequences of replication fork fusion at Tus-ter complexes, we established a plasmid-based replication system where we could mimic the termination process at Tus-ter in vitro. We developed a termination mapping assay to measure leading strand replication fork progression and demonstrate that the DNA template is under-replicated by 15-24 bases when replication forks fuse at Tus-ter complexes. This gap could not be closed by the inclusion of lagging strand processing enzymes as well as several helicases that promote DNA replication. Our results indicate that accurate fork fusion at Tus-ter barriers requires further enzymatic processing, highlighting large gaps that still exist in our understanding of the final stages of chromosome duplication and the evolutionary advantage of having a replication fork trap.


ABSTRACT Average utilitarianism and several related axiologies, when paired with the standard expectational theory of decision-making under risk and with reasonable empirical credences, can find their practical prescriptions overwhelmingly determined by the minuscule probability that the agent assigns to solipsism—that is, to the hypothesis that there is only one welfare subject in the world, namely, herself. This either (i) constitutes a reductio of these axiologies, (ii) suggests that they require bespoke decision theories, or (iii) furnishes an unexpected argument for ethical egoism.


The serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) protein is involved in many pathological diseases. The increased secretion of SAA1 can maintain inflammatory conditions. Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous glands and may be associated with systemic manifestations.


In the mid-1990s, a few interpreter trainers began to realise that computer technology could be used to enhance classroom-based training and to support the students' autonomous learning. CAIT stands for Computer Assisted Interpreter Training and over the years this basic idea has developed in different ways, ranging from electronic resources to be used off-line by individual users to online speech repositories, and more recently to virtual learning environments where multiple users can interact as if in class. The paper provides an overview of key developments in CAIT and outlines existing paradigms and approaches.


The purpose of this paper is to present a new model control method of the switching dc-dc converter using both the static and dynamic functions to improve the dynamic characteristics. The proposed method is the improved "Static Model Reference" which is the smart digital reference of output voltage. As a result, the transient time is suppressed to within 0.13 ms and this result is approximately 55% smaller than that of the conventional one.


Purpose – The gap that this research attempts to fill is to analyse the explanatory factor " industry " when assessingthereputationofacorporategroup.Inotherwords,thisresearchattemptstodemonstratetheimpactof the " industrialhalo " ontheassessmentofcorporatereputation,giventhat,todate,theacademicliteraturehasnot considered industry as an explanatory variable in the assessment of the reputation of private companies. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 43 Spanish companies was used to analyse the relationship between the reputation of firms as measured by the Merco Empresas index, and the industries to which they belong, after controlling for company performance, size, turnover, public recognition of their leadership, and corporate responsibility. This involved conducting a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between the variables for each year in the time period from 2005 to 2016. The available data were taken from the firms ' annual financial reports and websites, as well as from the Merco. Findings – The paper shows the existence of industrial halos that account for the corporate reputation of businesses in Spain. It is also shown that industrial halos are not permanent over time, and that they tend to occur in years of crisis. Researchlimitations/implications – Itwouldhavebeendesirableforthisstudytohavehadsufficientdata to include other industries, but this was not possible. As for possible extensions, in addition to expanding the periodconsidered,otheranalyticaltechniques,suchaspaneldatamodels,couldbeappliedtoallowcomparison withtheresultsobtainedhere. Practical and social implications – The results of this study have some practical implications. Firstly, firms that publish corporate reputation rankings should be aware of the distortion that the industrial halo can produce, especially in times of uncertainty, and seek to correct for it in their measurements. And secondly, corporate groups themselves should assume that the reputation of the industry affects their individual reputation, and consequently, they should see the other companies in the industry not only as competitors but also as " reputational allies " . Theyshouldtherefore makecollectiveeffortsto improvein thisrespect, especially in the face of reputational crises. Originality/value – Thispaperprovidesabetterunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenthereputation of a company and the industry to which it belongs, and of its permanence over time. This relationship has been little studied in the Spanish market to date.


A common structure in convex mixed-integer nonlinear programs is separable nonlinear functions. In the presence of such structures, we propose an extension to the open source solver Bonmin [2] including three improvements to the outer approximation algorithms. The first improvement is a refinement of the outer approximation process, the second is a heuristic based on an inner approximation of the feasible region and the last consists of an automatic generation of perspective cuts. These methods have been implemented in the Sepa tool and are available for download from the COIN-OR project website. The proposed tools lead to an important reduction in average computing time on most tested instances.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we analyse the performance of a model predictive controller for coordination of connected, automated vehicles at intersections. The problem has combinatorial complexity, and we propose to solve it approximately by using a two stage procedure where (1) the vehicle crossing order in which the vehicles cross the intersection is found by solving a mixed integer quadratic program and (2) the control commands are subsequently found by solving a nonlinear program. We show that the controller is persistently safe and compare its performance against traffic lights and two simpler optimisation-based coordination schemes. The results show that our approach outperforms the considered alternatives in terms of both energy consumption and travel-time delay, especially for medium to high traffic loads.


This report—Connecting the Dots: Policy Innovations for Food Systems Transformation in Africa—draws on the experience and at times visionary leadership of four African countries: Ghana, Malawi, Morocco, and Rwanda. It focuses on their policy and institutional innovations, which have moved the needle toward systems-level change and transformation.


Let M, M be n-dimensional differentiable surfaces of Euclidean space E n+m, ƒ:М → М be diffeomorphism. Let р∈М,q=ƒ(р)∈М -. We put b=pq, p = 1/2|b| 2. The Hessian function of p on M is examined.


In this paper, a model is developed to investigate whether theft can be economically rational. It is shown that heterogeneity in capital accumulation rates (or 'learning ability') cannot create any noticeable difference in incentives to steal. Further heterogeneity in instantaneous opportunity cost is both too low and runs in the wrong direction to have any explanatory role. However, heterogeneity in discount rates in combination with differences in initial human capital can create an incentive for theft. The model is calibrated from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 with data from 1997 to 2011.


The West Valley Demonstration Project has produced approximately 232 canisters (as of January 1999) of a glass, high-level radioactive waste form suitable for deep geologic disposal. This paper will discuss the methodology for controlling the process and final glass composition. Process control holds the key to meeting the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications as required by the Department of Energy (DOE) in order to produce an acceptable waste form for disposal in the proposed federal geologic repository. As the waste in the tank became more and more dilute, it was necessary to expand the range of acceptable glass compositions. The discussion will include the expected and unexpected successes as well as important lessons learned to improve future vitrification processes.


The "surveillance-programs" for the determination of the mechanical properties of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials, as a function of the neutron dose, include impact and tensile tests for the boiling water reactor (BWR); while for pressurized water reactors (PWR), additional wedge opening load specimens (WOL), for the measurement of the fracture toughness Kic at low temperatures, are utilized. While the Charpy impact toughness gives the total magnitude of energy, which indicates the change of the material state, e.g. the stale of embritUement, the fracture toughness, KIC, gives a base for mechanical calculations. This is of importance for components in which cracks or flaws are assumed. The mechanical analysis, and its relevance to safety assessments, depends on the knowledge of different parameters such as geometry of the structure and flaws, and load history of the structure. Fracture mechanical methods play an important role, if the leak-before-fracture problem is considered. Within the frame work of fracture mechanical methods, only the influence of assumed macroscopic cracks on the structural behaviour can be handled. Flaw formation processes in flaw-free structures, as well as the treatment of short flaws, can not currently be included. In the regime of low and intermediate temperatures (for ferritic and austenitic materials, normally below 400°C), the rules of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and elasto-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) are applied, some of which are already part of the code cases [1-3].


Brown rices were abrasively milled to give 92% yield, and hydration and cooking rates of brown and milled rices were investigated. Diffusion coefficients of Japonica brown and milled rices at were smaller than those of J/Indica counterparts. The bran layer controlled the diffusion coefficients of brown rices at initial stage of hydration. The diffusion coefficients for Japonica and J/lndica milled rices were and times greater than those for brown rices, respectively. The terminal points of cooking of brown and milled rices at were similar among varieties. The cooking rate constants of milled rices were about 2-fold compared with those of brown rices.


This paper addresses the problem of including the choice of the High-Lift Devices (HLDs) configuration as a decision variable of an automatic optimisation tool. This task requires the coupling of an estimation routine and an optimisation algorithm. For the former, SU2 flow solver has been used. The Structured-Chromosome Genetic Algorithm (SCGA) optimiser has been employed to search for the optimal HLD. SCGA can overcome the limitations dictated by standard fixed-size continuous optimisation algorithms. Indeed, using hierarchical formulations, it can manage configurational decisions that are conventionally the responsibility of expert designers. The search algorithm bases its strategy on revised genetic operators conceived for handling hierarchical search spaces. The presented research not only shows the practicability of delegating to a specialised optimisation algorithm the complete HLD design but is intended to be a proof of concept for the whole field of multidisciplinary design optimisation. Indeed, the aerospace sector as a whole would benefit by reducing human intervention from the decision process.


We consider a nonlinear ordinary differential equation and want to control its behavior so that it reaches a target by minimizing a cost function. Our approach is to use hybrid systems to solve this problem: the complex dynamic is replaced by piecewise affine approximations which allow an analytical resolution. The sequence of affine models then forms a sequence of states of a hybrid automaton. Given a sequence of states, we introduce an hybrid approximation of the nonlinear controllable domain and propose a new algorithm computing a controllable, piecewise convex approximation. The same way the nonlinear optimal control problem is replaced by an hybrid piecewise affine one. Stating a hybrid maximum principle suitable to our hybrid model, we deduce the global structure of the hybrid optimal control steering the system to the target.


Aim of this study is determine to fresh ear yield and quality characters of sweet corn varieties which Vega, Challenger, Sentinel, HYRIX 39, and HYRIX 53 in two location in Turkey. The research was conducted on randomised blocks design with four replication in Bafra and Tekkekoy location. The experiment was caried out evaluate the yield and quality performance of some sweet corn genotypes as well as demonstrate unfamiliar supersweet corn concept in Turkey. In the research were obserwed some yield component and quality characters such as flowering time, plant length, first cob length, grain yield, cob diameter, cob length, number of rows in the cob, amount of grains in row, number of marketable cobs per plant, wet cob harvest time, wet cob yield, grain cob ratio, grain moisture, dry grain yield. It was found that sweet corn genotype are significantly different in terms of yield and quality characteristics. The highest wet cob yield was 24.238 t ha -1 in Hybrix 39 super sweet. Super sweet corn has an important potential in sweet corn cultivation due to high yield of dry grains and its high maintenance rate of sugar raito in the long term after harvesting. Statistical analysis showed that the effect of genotype and the environment, as well as their interactions, had a significant impact on the yield of sweet corn hybrids. The presented results have demonstrated the poerformance of some sweet corn in Turkey. This work is intended to inspire similar studies using other sweet corn varieties and also to encourage the wide-scale production sweet corn in Turkey.


" The wages of sin is death." In essaying to preach from a physiological standpoint, it is not for one moment assumed that preaching from other standpoints must be abandoned. For the present, however, all other aspects than the physiological one are left in abeyance. This is absolutely necessary 5 but no reader must entertain the suspicion even that the other standpoints are forgotten, or under-estimated. It is essential to be clear about this, else misconception will, and must follow. If the reader commence with a false or a wrong impression, it will warp his judgment all through, and vitiate his conclusions; and I am anxious that the matter shall have as much fair play as the diversities of human thought will permit. Consequently the ground must be cleared of all sources of error, so that the superstructure?whatever it may be, good or bad?shall be seen distinctly, and not here and there be obscured by the presence of other matter. The origin of this paper is the fear expressed by many worthy persons that the progress of the knowledge of the natural man, and especially the growth of physiology, tends towards a practical infidelity, which will loosen the bonds of morality, and hand humanity over to an unrestricted hedonism. Pure and unmitigated self-indulgence, it is asserted, is the certain and inevitable outcome of physiological knowledge, with theistic tendencies. If man is the product of evolution, and the character of the individual is formed for him by his ancestors, why then, it is said, he is released from all responsibility of action; his life here is hedonism so far as is attainable, and hereafter he becomes simply a log for hell fire. Such, without any rhetorical display, is the view taken by many persons of the future of humanity. The objections of these persons to the pursuit of the knowledge of the natural man are based on the view that such knowledge tends to undermine practical morality, and to turn the aims of humanity towards mere sensuous indulgence. But are the facts with them ? I believe that the creed of the physiologist is the most practical, the gravest, and, in certain senses, the grimmest that has yet been evolved in the history of humanity. Instead of luring man into a conviction of irre-* Tjtiovii (pleasure). 46 the physiologist as a preacher. sponsibility, it points out to him the grave responsibility …


PurposeThe prediction of accurate failure strength and a composite laminate failure load is of paramount importance for reliable design. The progressive failure analysis helps to predict the ultimate failure strength of the laminate, which is more than the first ply failure (FPF) strength. The presence of a hole in the laminate plate results in stress concentration, which affects the failure strength. The purpose of the current work is to analyze the stress variation and progressive failure of a symmetric laminated plate containing elliptical cutouts under in-plane tensile loading. The effect of various parameters on FPF and last ply failure (LPF) strength is studied.Design/methodology/approachThe ply-by-ply stresses around elliptical cutouts are obtained analytically using Muskhelishvili's complex variable formulation. To predict the progressive failure, Tsai–Hill (T-H) and Tsai–Wu (T-W) failure criteria are used, and depending on the mode of failure, lamina modulus is degraded.FindingsThe study has revealed that fiber orientation and stacking sequence for given loading have the most significant effect on the laminate's failure strength.Originality/valueComplex variable method and conformal mapping are simple and proficient for studying failure analysis of a laminated plate with elliptical cutout.


Increasing population and affluence have had a direct influence on increasing the energy demand of nations across the globe. Energy from non-renewable fossil resources has associated emissions of greenhouse gases contributing to climate change, a major challenge facing us today. The governments of many countries have tried to address the twin issues of limited local availability of fossil resources and greenhouse gas emissions by promoting the use of bioenergy. Bioenergy is not automatically sustainable unlike popular belief. Assessing its sustainability using a life cycle thinking approach reveals many caveats, not only regarding greenhouse gas emissions but also other environmental impacts that are often ignored. The environmental assessment of palm oil-based biodiesel shows the trade-offs when considering all the life cycle stages of the biofuel supply chain and also when multiple impact categories are considered. The so-called carbon neutrality becomes questionable and other impacts from agriculture arising due to the use of land and agrochemicals are also seen to be very significant. Ignoring these in policymaking could result in serious unintended consequences. Thus, the importance of life cycle thinking in sustainability assessment is illustrated. This will be critical in addressing national needs while also moving towards the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.


A new analytical nonmodal approach to investigate the plasma instabilities driven by sheared current is presented and applied to the analysis of the linear evolution of modified Simon-Hoh (MSH) instability of a plasma in an inhomogeneous electric field. We found analytically a strong nonmodal growth for this instability which is missed completely in the normal mode analysis. It dominates the normal mode growth when the shearing rate of the current velocity is above the growth rate of the MSH instability with a uniform current. It also includes the nonmodal growth for subcritical perturbations, which do not develop in plasmas with uniform Hall current.A new analytical nonmodal approach to investigate the plasma instabilities driven by sheared current is presented and applied to the analysis of the linear evolution of modified Simon-Hoh (MSH) instability of a plasma in an inhomogeneous electric field. We found analytically a strong nonmodal growth for this instability which is missed completely in the normal mode analysis. It dominates the normal mode growth when the shearing rate of the current velocity is above the growth rate of the MSH instability with a uniform current. It also includes the nonmodal growth for subcritical perturbations, which do not develop in plasmas with uniform Hall current.


The escalating construction industry has led to a drastic increase in the dimension stone demand in the construction, mining and industry sectors. Assessment and investigation of mining projects and stone processing plants such as sawing machines is necessary to manage and respond to the sawing performance; hence, the soft computing techniques were considered as a challenging task due to stochastic optimization of this issue and to handle complex optimization problems. In this study, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithms as soft computing techniques were used to classify the dimension stones based on physical and mechanical properties and ampere consumption. For this purpose, varieties of dimension stones from 12 quarries located in Iran were investigated. Studied dimension stones were classified into two and three separate clusters using the optimization clustering techniques. The results showed that the applied soft computing technique makes it possible to evaluate the performance of sawing machines in different complex conditions and uncertain systems.


(1) 0 G Mn for each n G N, (2) for any n G iV, there exists a sequence of positive integers such that if A{ G Mk{ for i G N, then |J,~i M € Mn, (3) for any n G N, A G Mn and B G S, such that B C A, we have B € Mn, (4) for any n G N, A € Mn and B G f l ~ i Mn, we have A U B G Mn, (5) Mn+i C Mn for each n G N. It is easy to check that the family M = fl^Li Mn forms a cr-ideal of 5-measurable sets, i.e. M is closed under countable unions and any Smeasurable subset of a set from M is a member of M. Further, M will denote the a-ideal Mn. Let X and Y be topological spaces, let S denote a u-field of subsets of X containing the family of Borel sets B(X) and let {A^jng/v be a small system on S.


Objective: The present study aimed to assess of four liver enzymes, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT).
Material and Methods: Based on periodontal clinical parameters, sixty four patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and twenty four controls were enrolled in the study. Saliva and serum samples were collected and Automated Chemistry Analyzer AU 480 was employed to assess levels of enzymes. Results: Compared to healthy controls, the levels of the four enzymes were significant increased in serum of patients, especially in the severe group while in the saliva a significant increase observed only in the level of AST. Moreover, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) the levels of these enzymes in serum were significantly higher than those in saliva.
Conclusion: ALT, AST, ALP and GGT serum levels are suggested to be important indicators for disease progression as well as predict the liver health.


Efficient generation of random numbers plays significant role in cryptographic applications. Such a generator has to produce unpredictable and un-correlated random bits. Random number generators are classified as pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) and true random number generators (TRNGs). The first ones have the disadvantage that they can be proven predictable, while the latter ones can produce true random bits but it is not easy to re-produce specific sequences or implement them in constrained environments and there may exist correlations and biases of produced sequences. A third class of random number generators has been introduced, called hybrid-random number generators (h-RNGs), where there is a combination of a cryptographically strong PRNGs or TRNGs which are seeded, and possibly re-seeded, through a source of randomness with high entropy. In this paper, we present an overview of various sources of randomness that can be used either as direct random number generators or as seed sources in h-RNGs, for application in embedded systems.


Aims: Hypertension is associated with increased plasma inflammatory markers such as cytokines and increased vascular cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The ability of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr; (PPAR&ggr;) agonists to reduce oxidative stress seems to contribute to their anti-inflammatory properties. This study analyzes the effect of pioglitazone, a PPAR&ggr; agonist, on interleukin-1&bgr;-induced COX-2 expression and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on this effect. Methods and results: Vascular smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats stimulated with interleukin-1&bgr; (10 ng/ml, 24 h) were used. Interleukin-1&bgr; increased: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) protein and mRNA levels of the NADPH oxidase subunit NOX-1, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (I&kgr;B) kinase (IKK) nuclear expression of the p65 nuclear factor kappa B (NF-&kgr;B) subunit and cell proliferation, all of which were reduced by apocynin (30 &mgr;mol/l). Interleukin-1&bgr;-induced COX-2 expression was reduced by apocynin, tempol (10 &mgr;mol/l), catalase (1000 U/ml) and lactacystin (5 &mgr;mol/l). Moreover, H2O2 (50 &mgr;mol/l, 90 min) induced COX-2 expression, which was reduced by lactacystin. Pioglitazone (10 &mgr;mol/l) reduced the effects of interleukin-1&bgr; on: 1) COX-2 protein and mRNA levels; 2) NOX-1 protein and mRNA levels, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS production; and 3) p-IKK, p65 expressions and cell proliferation. Pioglitazone also reduced the H2O2-induced COX-2 expression and increased Cu/Zn and Mn-superoxide dismutase protein expression. PPAR&ggr; small interfering RNA (5 nmol/l) further increased interleukin-1&bgr;-induced COX-2 and NOX-1 mRNA levels. In addition, pioglitazone increased the interleukin-1&bgr;-induced PPAR&ggr; mRNA levels. Conclusion: PPAR&ggr; activation with pioglitazone reduces interleukin-1&bgr;-induced COX-2 expression by interference with the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-&kgr;B.


The first CDISC SDTM/ADaM pilot project created a test submission of one study to the FDA using CDISC data and metadata standards, in order to test that these standards meet FDA requirements (described in a paper Greg Steffens presented at SUGI 2007). The second CDISC pilot project objectives are to test 1.) the value of CDISC standards to create integrated databases (IDBs) and 2.) the new FDA safety review guidelines. This presentation focuses on the first objective and describes 1.) the collection and use of metadata in the second pilot and 2.) a very important drafted extension to the define.xml schema that supports row-level metadata and fills a gap in the metadata schema identified in the first pilot project. Metadata for eight pilot project studies and three IDBs were populated in excel – excel was a user request as it has a more familiar interface than the SAS data set editors. SAS macros read this metadata and automated parts of the process when describing, building, comparing (studies to each other and the IDB specification) and validating the study ADaM and integrated databases. A SAS macro also automated the creation of the standard CDISC metadata; i.e. the define.xml file. Row-level metadata enables the robust description of tall-thin data structures, such as exist in the SDTM data standard and that are becoming more common in clinical databases. The define.xml metadata, and the row-level extension, specify a standard set of database attributes that should be included in any data standard or database description i.e. the metadata standard provides a standard language to describe data. This standard language, when it is made accessible to software in a standard structure, is essential to the automation of data flow from collection, through reporting, to integration, data mining, exchange of data between CROs and pharmaceuticals, and submissions. The CDISC define.xml standard may well turn out to have the most important impact that CDISC makes on the industry and to drug safety and reporting. Recently, some in the CDISC community are considering wiki methods of collecting data standards that should use the metadata standard in its technical infrastructure. Metadata Structure and Row-Level Metadata Metadata can be thought of as a list of database attributes put into a formal structure that can be accessed by software. It's immediately clear that a description of a database must include attributes like data set names, variable names and valid values of variables. When more thought is put into it, more attributes come to mind, such as data set labels, variable labels, SAS format associations, variable types (character, numeric, date, datetime, etc.), and so on. When designing metadata, this list of attributes is a core component. When designing database standards (like SDTM) and study database requirements, all the attributes in this standard list must be specified. Storing all this attribute information in a database – i.e. a metadatabase – allows software to access the information and automate what can only be done manually when this information is stored in unstructured formats such as word documents or pdf files. The metadata standard used in the second CDISC pilot project consists of five components, implemented as excel spreadsheets and later converted to 4 SAS data sets and a SAS catalog of source entries. SAS macros then converted the SAS metadata into html and define.xml files for publication. The five components are: Component Description of Component TABLES Data set level attributes one row per data set. COLUMNS Variable level attributes one row per data set and variable. COLUMNS_PARAM Row level metadata, one row per data set, parameter variable, parameter value and parameterrelated variable. VALUES Valid values and codelists associated with variables and parameter-related variables, one row per value list and valid value. DESCRIPTIONS A comment or derivation description that can be associated with a data set, variable and parameterrelated variable. The details of the five components can be found on the CDISC web page, for CDISC members, where I published them as part of the first pilot project (see the links from http://www.cdisc.org/membersonly/index.html ). The columns_param component that stores row level metadata demonstrates the area where the define.xml schema was enhanced, so I will go into more detail about that component in this paper. Consider the vitals SDTM special observation class domain, as a simple example. USUBJID VSTESTCD VSLOC VSORRES VSORRESU 1 SYSBP STANDING 120 Mm mercury


Purpose: This study wants to highlight the results obtained at the 5000m task of the top three iceskaters at the World Single Distances Championship 2017 skating competition and their comparison with the world record in force. In speed skating, there are different factors that influence the top level results, such as: ice quality, training level, material quality, anthropometrics, physiological features, the lactate accumulation in blood during the competition, specific techniques and not last the biomechanical aspects that have a significant influence on the energy transmitted to the muscles. Materials and methods: The methods used in this experiment are: documentation method, statistical method, comparing method and graphical and table method. Results: By comparing the results of the top three at the 2017 World Championship at the 5000m competition with the world record, we can see that at the boys' section, the top 8 results obtained have values under 28.6 seconds compared to the 3 results obtained this year where the values are fewer, the 2nd and the 3rd place being practically earned only on the first lap, compared to S. Kramer, which has 4 rounds below 29 seconds. Keeping the same idea, in the girls' section it is noticed that at the world record 7 tours take less than 32 seconds compared to the 3 results from 2017 where it is noticed that there is no intermediate time under 32 seconds. Conclusions: In the 5000m competition, the development and maintenance of a high average speed throughout the race is one of the main items leading to world success, this item having "behind" a multitude of items, some of which are mentioned above.


High acidity in acid sulfate soils due to pyrite oxidation results in increased Al3+ and Fe2+ activity which inhibits the growth of rice plants. The application of organic matter (compost) is one of the technology to manage acid sulfate soil. This study aims to obtain cellulolytic bacterial isolates that are superior in composting and improving rice growth in acid sulfate soil. The experiment carries out in the laboratory and glasshouse of the Indonesian Swampland Agriculture Research Institute (ISARI), Banjarbaru, Indonesia on May-November 2017. The experimental to obtain cellulolytic bacteria and water content that can accelerate composting is arranged by factorial using a complete randomized design with three replication First factor were cellulolytic bacteria application (without application/control, BS 1.6, BS 1.9, BS 2.2 and BS 2.5), while the second factor was water content (50%, 100%, and 150%). The effect of compost application with cellulolytic bacterial to rice growth arranged by factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. The first factor was cellulolytic bacteria application (without application/control, BS 1.6, BS 1.9, and BS 2.2), while the second factor was composting condition (muddy waterlogged and waterlogged 5 cm depth). The result showed that the ability of cellulolytic bacteria to reduce C/N straw was not different. Only differences in water content affect the reducing C/N ratio of straw. The average C/N ratio of straw compost made with 50%, 100%, and 150% water content is 35.59; 29.71, and 29.21. Application of compost made under muddy waterlogged and inoculated BS1.9 and BS2.2 can increase the number of tillers, while those inoculated BS1.6 and BS1.9 can increase the rice shoot dry weight of Inpara 2. The suggest that cellulolytic bacterial inoculation can improve the quality of compost so that the growth of rice is better.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to systematically and comprehensively review the extant literature on racial disparities in police use of force.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study uses a narrative meta-review of racial disparities in police use of force through a systematic and exhaustive search of several academic databases (e.g. Criminal Justice Abstracts; EBSCO Host, PsychInfo, etc.).

Findings

The current meta-review identified 41 studies that matched the selection criteria. These studies examined public and police officer perceptions of use of force, rates of use of force, types of force used, neighborhood contextual correlates of use of force, and severity of force used. The relationship between race and use of force remains unclear after an examination of these studies. This indicates a need for high-quality research focusing on comparable operationalization of variables and stronger methodologies.

Research limitations/implications

The research implications derived from this meta-review indicate a need for increased research to better understand the intersections of race and police use of force (and the factors that increase the likelihood of force being used more broadly).

Practical implications

The practical implications derived from this meta-review indicate the need for monitoring techniques, such as the use of police body-worn cameras that could serve to deter inappropriate use of force.

Originality/value

The state-of-the-art review on racial disparities in police use of force is the first of its kind. This study comprehensively reviews the literature on racial disparities in police use of force. This study will be useful for those who wish to further explore racial disparities and use of force issues in policing, and for police managers and administrators who want to address concerns related to racial disparities in use of force in their organization.


BV (RI)KC light curves are presented for 27 Type Ia supernovae discovered during the course of the Calán/Tololo Survey and for two other SNe Ia observed during the same period. Estimates of the maximum light magnitudes in the B, V , and I bands and the initial decline rate parameter ∆m15(B) are also given. Subject headings: photometry — supernovae


Since the introduction of the colloidal gold as a marker particle for immunoelectron microscopy (2), numerous publications have appeared stating that this marker system has proved to be a powerful alternative to immunoferritin and immunoperoxidase techniques because of the possibility of quantifying the immunostaining. Staphylococcal protein A (pA) has been introduced in immunohistochemistry as a universal ligand to detect antigen-antibody complexes (1) due to its reactivity with immunoglobulins from several species (3, 4, 6, 7). Since then, pA has been successfully conjugated to ferritin, peroxidase or bound to colloidal gold and applied in preembedding labeling of cell surface antigens. This protein A-gold (pAg) complex is now used increasingly for localization of cell surface or intracellular antigen at both light and electron microscopic levels (9-11). In this study we have investigated the potential use of pAg as a marker in the detection of dengue antigen by immunogold staining (IGS) for light microscopy (LM). A solid phase gold immunoassay (SPGIA), was developed for the first time using this pAg and the presence of antigen can be visualized by the pink coloration formed on the antibody coated polystyrene beads. Dengue 4 (D-4) prototype virus (H241) propagated in C6/36 mosquito cell cultures was used for in vitro experiments. The infected tissue culture fluid (TCF) was frozen and thawed, centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 C and the supernatant was used as virus inoculum. Serologically confirmed high titre pooled convalescent sera of dengue patients was used for purification of anti-dengue IgG by ammonium sulphate precipitation according to the method of Kuberski and Rosen (8). The final concentration of anti-dengue IgG was adjusted to 10 mg protein per ml in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline pH 7.2 (PBS). Conjugation with fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC-BBL, Cockeysville, Md., U.S.A.) was carried out at 4 C using 0.0125 mg of FITC per mg of protein. Conjugated and nonconjugated anti-dengue IgG were used in all experiments at a dilution of 1: 20. For the preparation of pAg complex, colloidal gold (15-20 nm) was prepared according to Frens (5) by reduction of a boiling solution of tetrachloroauric acid


As the relationship between Japan and Indonesia gets stronger in various fields such as education, economy, culture, research, and trade, the need of automatic machine translation is increasing. However, there is still little research effort on JapaneseIndonesian machine translation. Also, there is no standard Japanese-Indonesian parallel corpora available to build a decent translation model. In this study, we collect as many Japanese-Indonesian parallel data as possible and train state-of-the-art machine translation models in order to investigate their performance on this specific language pair. Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is an SVO (SubjectVerb-Object) language that uses the same alphabet, syntax, and punctuations with English. In addition, Indonesian affixes are important because slightly different affixes may have very different meanings. On the other hand, Japanese is an SOV language which uses kanji (chinese characters), hiragana, and katakana in its writing system. Japanese has also an extensive grammatical system to express politeness and formality. Considering these characteristics of Indonesian and Japanese, machine translation between them has lots of challenges due to their linguistic differences. Simon and Purwarianti [5] build a JapaneseIndonesian statistical machine translation (SMT) system, however, their data was limited as only 500 parallel sentence pairs. Purwarianti et al. [9] also build a Indonesian-to-Japanese SMT system, but they use English as a pivot and no direct translation is considered. We examine the effectiveness of the state-of-theart machine translation models in order to understand problems and challenges on this language pair. Specifically, we evaluate SMT and neural machine translation (NMT) models. NMT applies neural network in translation and has begun to show promising results for several resourceful languages like English-


The present document intends to analyze the different ecomuseums visited and studied in Japan trying to describe the reality of Japanese ecomuseology. From the descriptions of Japanese ecomuseums extrapolate the main features to build a model that is a possible reference for the XXI century ecomuseums .


A broad range of process parameters was established to smoothen the surface of 309 L weld clad overlay, prototypic of surfaces common is channel heads of replacement PWR (pressurized water reactor) steam generators. Mechanical and electropolishing steps were studied to explore process boundaries, which result in acceptable degree of surface smoothness, without compromising metallurgical properties. Recommended processes and acceptance criteria established in this work, can be applied to electropolish steam generator channel heads. Smooth surfaces are less likely to retain radioactive species, and potentially develop lower radiation fields when these components are placed into service. 7 refs., 11 figs., 12 tabs.


Laboratory studies of moon rocks have established beyond any reasonable doubt that solar-excited luminescence from the moon's surface is undetectable from earth observation with present methods [Nash et al., 197O]. Proton-and UV-excited luminescence efficiencies of moon rocks and the available solar radiation intensity are several orders of magnitude too low for detection of moon luminescence against reflected sunlight. Yet it is still claimed by some lunar astronomers that a luminescence component exists in lunar light, especially during lunar eclipses [Dubois and Link, 1971]. One argument raised to support solar excitation as the cause, in spite of contrary lunar sample results, is a vague inference that synergism between solar ion and electromagnetic radiation may increase luminescence efficiencies significantly above those observed in the lab for individual radiation types. We know that the ultraviolet is the only portion of the solar spectrum with enough potential energy density for producing detectable luminescence on the moon. However, preliminary work on combined UV-proton excitation indicated no detectable luminescence contribution from the UV irradiation component and thus no synergism [Nash et al., 1970].


A procedure is presented for optimal design of transverse flux inductor. To improve the convergence speed and local searching ability for genetic algorithm, subpopulation competition and data exchange method is proposed. One purpose of that is for basic population to decide when to produce a new subpopulation; the other purpose is to introduce quality individuals from subpopulation into basic population. For the electromagnetic-thermal problems, a coupling procedure is presented to reduce the time consuming. The produced heat source in the strip was supposed to move in elements in the opposite direction of the actually continuously moving strip for transverse flux induction heating (TFIH), thus every temperature field computation could take advantage of the heat source distribution resulted from the former eddy current field calculation, which led to the time for numerical simulation of TFIH reduced


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass in emergencies and to discuss its indications and methods. METHODS From March 2000 to October 2002, total of 10 imminent patients emergency cardiopulmonary bypass was performed in 10 cases, including 7 cases of heart disease, 3 cases of non cardiac diseases .RESULTS All were weared successfully. 3 cases died after operation because of complication, 7 cases of survival followed up 1-2 years and live well.CONCLUSION Cautious selection and tiniely installments, Emergency Cardiopulmonary Bypass is effective in rescuing critical patients.


The literature has emphasized the role of different Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation techniques on the muscle tone at different intervals of time (i.e. immediately after and after 20 minutes of treatment).


Leakage current of SCH-SQW LD is numerically ealculated and discussed as functions ofstructure parametres. It is shown that, for most practical QW LD, diffusion mechanism is dominant anddrift mechanism is neg1igible. Calculated results are fitted to expc jmental.


The convolution type of wavelet packet transformation is put forward. Compared with traditional wavelet packet transformation, in this wavelet packet transformation no matter how many layers the signal is decomposed, the series obtained in every channel will always keep the same length as that of the original signal. According to this speciality, a new denoising method based on module maximum value in wavelet packet transformation is proposed and realized. The idea of the denoising algorithm comes from the denoising algorithm based on module maximum value in wavelet transformation. But the essence of wavelet packet decomposition is to make a more decomposition to the decomposing result of wavelet′s, therefore the more high frequency noise is be separated in the posterior channel by wavelet packet and the more high frequency noise can be erased. So the denoising method based on wavelet packet transformation has the better effect than the one based on wavelet transformation. The detailed step of this denoising algorithm is given and two denoising examples using this method demonstrate that, compared with denoising result of the wavelet′s, the wavelet packet has the more excellent denoising effect.


The use of cortin as a therapeutic measure is still in the experimental stage. Sufficient data have been gathered by various observers to indicate its efficiency in ameliorating the symptoms and altering the course of many cases of Addison's disease. This malady represents the only condition in which cortical insufficiency has been proved definitely. The use of cortin in Addison's disease has not been so successful as the use of insulin in diabetes, and perhaps this is due to inadequate dosage. There may be other factors in the etiology of the Addison's syndrome. In the present paper, we are giving further experiences in the treatment of Addison's disease and in the use of cortin in other clinical conditions. There are undoubtedly other conditions in which cortical insufficiency exists, but as there are no real criteria of such inadequacy, one can only try the effect of cortin in cases in which


Twelve selected radioactivity profiles through atomic bomb clouds, made one to two days after detonation, yield an average 'effective' coefficient of diffusivity, K = 2.7 × 108 cm2 sec−1.


Gender mainstreaming is a global issue, touching the sensitive brains of thinkers, researchers and scientists of 21st century. Whereas the role of women in all spheres of life is not comparable with the sources provided to them by the states and the societies as well. Although women participation in agriculture sector is remarkable but in return they are deprived of their basic education and have least access to information sources; like TV, Radio, Print Media and other sources.  In this context present study was conducted to examine the obstacles to gender mainstreaming in the agricultural extension. For the present study 500 number of households were selected as study sample. The data were collected with the help of pre-tested and validated interview schedule. Findings showed minimum level of education especially for wives. Moreover, these women were having negligible usage of information sources. The study strongly recommends promotion of education and information sources for farm families. The finding of research study highlighted the immediate attention of Government, policy makers and societies to have a glance over such deficiencies.


The pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) remains to nag human race with its more infectious second wave in most of highly populated countries including India. Till date, no specific antiviral drug is discovered or developed which is cent-per-cent effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. The efficacy of developed vaccines are said to reduce severity of disease, but the mutation led to origin of more infectious variants. In such scenario, medical management of COVID-19 largely depends upon repurposed drugs like azithromycin, remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab. However, none of these repurposed drugs is devoid of side effects or drug-induced toxicities which may be fatal too sometimes. Scientific research literature on phytochemicals hints that these miracle phytomolecules may not only be useful in direct therapeutic effect but also have potential to reduce or ameliorate the side-effects of current repurposed drugs used in treatment of COVID-19. This review critically elaborates the side-effects of COVID-19 drugs and the six potential phytochemicals, viz., quercetin, baicalein, kaempferol, curcumin, catechins and gingerols which have potentials to ameliorate such side-effects. The very purpose of the review paper is to promote the scientific studies on these phytomolecules in the management of COVID-19, as there are predictions that human kind has to learn to live with this disease.


A recent trend in security education is towards teaching offensive techniques which were originally developed by hackers. This reflects tendencies in the professional world where offensive security testing (penetration testing) is quickly gathering widespread acceptance. We report on good experiences with a security curriculum at a university degree level which emphasizes offensive techniques over defensive ones. Our claim is that teaching offensive methods yields better security professionals than teaching defensive techniques alone. The paper presents an experimental setup with which we plan to investigate this claim further. The experimental setup uses concepts from psychology and pedagogical sciences to empirically assess the benefit of offensive teaching.


Binarization of document images which are highly degraded is a challenging task due to the issues like irregular contrast, irregular illumination etc. among the foreground text pixels and document background pixels. In this thesis, we propose an image binarization technique that uses adaptive image contrast to address these challenges. Adaptive image contrast is the weighted sum of the image gradient and the local contrast which makes it more tolerant to text and background variation that occur due to various kinds of degradations found in document images. In the proposed method, first the source image is de-noised using DWT as a pre-processing step. Then the de-noised image is used to construct an adaptive contrast map. The contrast map thus constructed is then binarized to form a binary contrast image. To determine the text stroke edge pixels, an edge map generated by Canny's edge detector algorithm is combined with the binary contrast image. The grayscale values of the text stroke edge pixels are used to segment the text from the image background by local thresholding in sub-images independent of each other .The proposed method is easy to use, efficient, and requires minimal parameter tuning. It has been compared with other promising technique for image binarization on datasets from DIBCO 2009, 2011 and HDIBCO 2010 and achieves notably better results than other competing methods.


An account is given of measurements of the sound absorption and impact-insulation improvement for a range of carpets, underlays, and carpet–underlay combinations. It is shown that carpets, underlays, and woven carpet on underlay behave as simple porous absorbers. Tufted carpet on underlay behaves differently and exhibits a resonant peak in the absorption at 500–l000 Hz. The average absorption coefficient correlates well with the total thickness for all samples. The average impact-insulation improvement of carpets, underlays, and combinations correlates reasonably well with the total thickness and with the maximum force measured during a simulated impact test involving the use of a single hammer containing an accelerometer. Either parameter would serve as an indicator of the impact performance of a carpet or carpet–underlay combination.


Objective To discuss the troubles and causes in using Ohmeda anesthetic machine system. Methods Troubles about Ohmeda series anesthetic machine in recent years were collected and analyzed. Results The common troubles were the error display of exhale backing flow on the screen,wrong connection of corrugated tube to oxygen switch valve,abnormally elevated airway pressure within the breathing system,and so on. Conclusion The troubles are related not only to the deterioration of subassembly,but also to error handling.


Abstract|Personality Pro les Online Applications With PHP and MySQL Muhammad Lut Under- graduate Program, 2011 Gunadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id Key Words: PHP, Per- sonality Pro le ABSTRACT : Scienti c Writing describes the application of web programming language PHP and MySQL data processing with applications to the web-based personality pro le. This personality pro le application can display the gure of re ection or personality pro les directly after answering the questions presented. Directly means it can be done anywhere (through internet), at any time because the internet is never "sleep", the results can be immediately known (because the calculations are done in a computerized), and requires a relatively cheaper cost, without having to buy some books, or register themselves in an agency by paying a registration fee. The tests are presented adjusted with a standard personality attributes possessed by each person. By knowing the personality pro- le it is expected that the user can develop his personality to the fullest. Penamaan File: 50403488


The paper analyzed advantages and disadvantages of "teacher-centered view" and "student-centered view" in contemporary education ideas,pointing out that both are metaphysics and have the relation of unity of opposites,and stressing that the relation of the unity of opposites is permanent goal of modern education.


Abstract The market for recycled thermoplastic polymers is undergoing a sharp increase, although recyclate polymers are regarded as materials with inferior properties when compared to the virgin material. This study investigates the behavior of non-contaminated scraps of low density polyethylene (LDPE) from the plastic packaging industry after single processing stage, in terms of the productivity and the thermal and rheological properties. The LDPE used was reprocessed on a single-screw extruder (Miotto) of 90 mm screw diameter and L/D = 25. Three screw speeds (80, 90 and 100 min−1) were investigated at three processing temperatures (200, 250 and 300°C). The reprocessed materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis TGA, parallel plates rheometry and productivity. The results obtained by TGA showed a typical range of polyolefin degradation (350 to 450°C). The viscoelastic properties did not show significant changes in relation to the rheological behavior. Increasing the temperature and screw speed promoted a productivity gain of approximately 30%. This suggests that under the conditions studied it is possible to reprocess this material with good productivity ensuring its thermal, mechanical and rheological properties.


Size-fractionated chlorophyll a (chl a) biomass and primary production rate (>3 pm, 1-3 pm and < l pm) and picophytoplankton abundance (both prokaryotic and eukaryotic) were investigated in Southampton Water (south coast of England), with routine sampling at 2 stations, representative of conditions in the mid and outer estuary. In the mid estuary the cycle of chl a biomass in the >3 pm size fraction was characterized by a small spring peak and a more intense summer peak. In the outer estuary a chl a maximum in the >3 pm size fraction occurred in spring; phytoplankton in this size fraction may have been nutrient limited in summer at this station. Phycoerythrin-containing picocyanobacteria, eukaryotic picophytoplankton cell numbers, and chl a biomass and primary production rate by the < l pm size fraction all showed a positive correlation with temperature and peaked during summer at both stations. The 1-3 and <l pm size fractions contributed around 14 and 6%, respectively, to the estimated annual rate of depth-integrated plankton community primary production. These results suggest that the impact of the photosynthetic picoplankton diminishes in an increasing eutrophication gradient, from offshore (>50%) to coastal (ca 20%) and estuarine waters (<10%). This pattern in relation to a eutrophication gradient was also apparent on a seasonal basis, the <l pm fraction having its maximum significance at times of lowest overall chl a concentration. It is thus suggested that factors limiting growth and accumulation of larger phytoplankton are the primary cause of an increase in the relative significance of picophytoplankton.


This paper presents a review on kaurane diterpenes, covering various aspects of chemical and microbiological transformations of native ent-kaurenoic acid, namely, its reactions via COOH groups, double bonds and rearrangements of the carbon skeleton that lead to a wide range of natural and synthetic derivatives with potential biologic activities and can present convenient synthons for the syntheses of other native ent-kauranes.


This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the "reading" of urban morphologies through quantitative means. The research objective is the establishment of a numeric method for comparing spatial characteristics of different families of urban morphologies, by considering the degree of fragmentation as a key contributor to their spatial identity. The hypothesis elaborated in this paper is that the fragmentation degree of urban textures can be adequately described through a set of fractal parameters. In addition to the fractal dimension, lacunarity is used in order to complete the analytic model. The intricate relations between morphologic characteristics of the built form and urban mobility are analyzed by referring to the network size and network density of the roads system. The experiment consists of two phases: phase one produces binary images of urban samples belonging to different families of urban morphologies. The focus of the experiment is placed on several informal and vernacular zones in Albania. Over the second phase, the values of fractal indexes, the network size and network density on the binary images of urban samples are measured. The outcome of the experiment purports to establish that the spatial characteristics of different urban morphologies can be adequately expressed in numeric terms. Informal urban patterns are characterized by higher values of lacunarity and lower values of roads network densities compared to vernacular ones, even though they appear to have similar values of fractal dimensions. The outcome of the experiment opens up new perspectives in relation to urban design practices and planning processes.


Abstract. The geometrically non-linear mechanical response of multilayer composite shells is addressed via an innovative discontinuous Galerkin formulation. In the framework of the Carrera Unified formulation, equivalent single layer kinematics with different through-the-thickness accuracy is adopted. The variational statement governing the shell nonlinear behavior is derived. The corresponding governing equations are solved via a discontinuous Galerkin approach, which employs the pure penalty method to weakly enforce the connection between the mesh elements. Numerical tests are presented to show the capabilities of the proposed approach.


Despite the global endorsement of the Sustainable Development Goals, environmental justice struggles are growing all over the world. These struggles are not isolated injustices, but symptoms of interlocking forms of oppression that privilege the few while inflicting misery on the many and threatening ecological collapse. This handbook offers critical perspectives on the multi-dimensional, intersectional nature of environmental injustice and the cross-cutting forms of oppression that unite and divide these struggles, including gender, race, poverty, and indigeneity. The work sheds new light on the often-neglected social dimension of sustainability and its relationship to human rights and environmental justice. Using a variety of legal frameworks and case studies from around the world, this volume illustrates the importance of overcoming the fragmentation of these legal frameworks and social movements in order to develop holistic solutions that promote justice and protect the planet's ecosystems at a time of intensifying economic and ecological crisis.

The downloadable document includes the table of contents, the contributor biographies, the foreword by Boaventura de Sousa Santos, and the introductory chapter by the editors.


The design of control systems to minimize boiling reactor out put noise is investigated using graphical techniques which give good approximations to Wiener optimum systems. In the design of these sys tems, velocity and acceleration constraints are considered. Boiling reactor transfer functions and the spectral density of boiling noise are determined from EBWR data. It is found that the ve locity and acceleration limitations are directly related to the bandwidths of the boiling noise spectral density and of the closed-loop compensated reactor system. These limitations are independent of the reactor transfer function. System bandwidths greater than give excellent noise reduc tions, have well-behaved transient responses, and are independent of variations in the reactor transfer function except for possibly a gain constant. However, the velocities and accelerations required of the control system are large, Bandwidths between the reactor resonance and P/£ give good output noise reductions, have good transient responses, and require mod erate control system velocities and accelerations. Under the practical assumption that the zero power and full power reactor transfer functions are identical in this region, the compensating element is independent of changes in the reactor transfer function due to changes in power level except for possibly a gain constant. Systems with bandwidths below the reactor resonance give small noise reductions with small velocity and acceleration requirements,


To address the high-cost problem of the current three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction for urban buildings, a new technical framework is proposed to generate 3D building facade information using crowd-sourced photos and two-dimensional
 (2D) building vector data in this paper. The crowd-sourced photos mainly consisted of Tencent street view images and other-source photos, which were collected from three platforms, including search engines, social media, and mobile phones. The photos were selected and grouped first, and then
 a structure from motion algorithm was used for 3D reconstruction. Finally, the reconstructed point clouds were registered with 2D building vector data. The test implementation was conducted in the Jianye District of Nanjing, China, and the generated point clouds
 showed a good fit with the true values. The proposed 3D reconstruction method represents a multi-sourced data integration process. The advantage of the proposed approach lies in the open source and low-cost data used in this study.


An experimental proof-of-concept test was conducted to demonstrate rotor-stator interaction tone noise reduction through rotor trailing edge blowing. The velocity deficit from the viscous wake of the rotor blades was reduced by injecting air into the wake from a trailing edge slot. Composite hollow rotor blades with internal flow passages were designed based on Computational Fluid Dynamics codes modeling the internal flow. The hollow blade with interior guide vanes creates flow channels through which externally supplied air flows from the root of the blade to the trailing edge. The impact of the rotor wake-stator interaction on the acoustics was also predicted analytically. The Active Noise Control Fan, located at the NASA Glenn Research Center, was used as the proof-of-concept test bed. In-duct mode and farfield directivity acoustic data were acquired at blowing rates (defined as mass flow supplied to trailing edge blowing system divided by fan mass flow) ranging from 0.5% to 2.0%. The first three blade passing frequency harmonics at fan rotational speeds of 1700 to 1900 rpm were analyzed. The acoustic tone mode power levels (PWL) in the inlet and exhaust were reduced 11.5&–0.1, 7.2&11.4, 11.8&19.1 PWL dB, respectively. The farfield tone power levels at the first three harmonics were reduced 5.4, 10.6, & 12.4 dB PWL. At selected conditions, two-component hotwire and stator vane unsteady surface pressures were acquired. These measurements show the modification of the rotor wake due to trailing edge blowing and its effect on the stator vane to illustrate the physics behind the noise reduction.


The uncapacitated facility location problem ( UFLP) involves locating an undetermined number of facilities to minimize the sum of the (annualized) fixed setup costs and the variable costs of serving the market demand from these facilities. UFLP is also known as the "simple" facility location problem SFLP, where both the alternative facility locations and the customer zones are considered discrete points on a plane or a road network. This assumes that the alternative sites have been predetermined and the demand in each customer zone is concentrated at the point representing that region. UFLP focuses on the production and distribution of a single commodity over a single time period (e.g., one year that is representative of the firm's long-run demand and cost structure), during which the demand is assumed to be known with certainty. The distinguishing feature of this basic discrete location problem, however, is the decision maker's ability to determine the size of each facility without any budgetary, technological, or physical restrictions. Krarup and Pruzan (1983) provided a comprehensive survey of the early literature on UFLP, including its solution properties. By demonstrating the relationships between UFLP and the set packing-covering-partitioning problems, they established its NP-completeness. The seminal paper of Erlenkotter (1978), which is reviewed in Sect. 2.2 of this chapter, presents a dual-based algorithm for solving the UFLP that remains as one of the most efficient solution techniques for this problem. Prior to Erlenkotter (1978), the best-known approaches for solving the UFLP were the branch-and-bound algorithm developed by Efroymson and Ray (1966) and the implicit enumeration technique of Spielberg (1969). Efroymson and Ray (1966) use a compact formulation of UFLP to take advantage of the fact that its linear programming relaxation can be solved by inspection. Nonetheless, this linear programming relaxation does not provide tight lower bounds for UFLP; Efroymson and Ray's model is therefore Chapter 2 Uncapacitated and Capacitated Facility Location Problems


A major issue in pilonidal disease is, "How extensive should the surgery be?"' The question implies a single disease state, but there are at least three. i.e.. the acute abscess, the chronic abscess, and the unhealed pilonidal surgical incision. Suggested treatments range from a weekly shave of the involved areas and no surgery to wide excision of the abscess and surrounding tissue down to the sacrum, followed by skin grafting. But pilonidal disease never requires wide excisions. pilonidals are abscesses that must be opened. foreign body reactions that must be cleaned and kept free of new debris. Furthermore, unusual forces pull at a healing pilonidal wound. A surgeon trying to close a pilonidal incision must allow for these forces so that a nonhealing wound, the ultimate in pilonidal problems, is not created.  GOALS OF TREATMENT


This paper discusses three long-term forces that are acting on the global economy and their implications for companies and policy-makers.


In this paper we show that, at frequencies where diffusion effects are negligible, the shield of a cable can be characterized by two quantities: transfer inductance (LT) and geometric transfer ratio (GTR). These two quantities depend only on the construction of the shield, and not on experimental conditions. We also show a method for estimating LT and GTR, assisted by a computer routine. The computer routine and the measurements required to implement it are described. Plots showing the correlation between measured and calculated shield performance are presented.


A protein marker for detecting stomach cancer and a detection kit using the same developed by using a secondary electrophoresis and bioinformatics is provided to be usefully used for detecting the stomach cancer and evaluating the stomach cancer progression degree by identifying the expression amount difference between a normal person and a patient suffering from stomach cancer. The method for screening stomach cancer comprises the steps of: (a) measuring the existence of a stomach cancer diagnosing marker from a sample of a patient, the expression amount thereof or the expression pattern thereof, wherein the marker is at least one selected from the group consisting of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein(LRG), clusterin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, apolipoprotein A-IV, transthyretin and proapolipoprotein A-I; and (b) analyzing correlation between the measurement result and the stomach cancer progress state such as patients' danger of being attacked by cancer, existence or non-existence of diseases and the stages of diseases through bioinformatics or statistical analysis methods.


. In this paper, we propose a novel and user-friendly Euclidean representation frame-4 work for low-rank matrices. Correspondingly, we establish a collection of technical and theoretical 5 tools for analyzing the intrinsic perturbation and geometry of low-rank matrices in which the under-6 lying referential matrix and the perturbed matrix both live on the same low-rank matrix manifold. It 7 turns out that the Frobenius distance between low-rank matrices is locally equivalent to the Euclid-8 ean distance between the corresponding representing vectors. Our analyses also show that, locally 9 around the referential matrix, the sine-theta distance between subspaces is equivalent to the Euclid-10 ean distance between two appropriately selected orthonormal basis, circumventing the orthogonal 11 Procrustes analysis. We further establish the regularity of the proposed Euclidean representation 12 function by showing that it has a non-degenerate Fr´echet derivative, thereby establishing the manifold 13 structure over the collection of all low-rank matrices. Two applications of the proposed framework are 14 showcased, namely, constructing the Riemannian structure on the Grassmannian using the Cayley 15 parameterization and the multiplicative perturbation analysis of low-rank matrices. 16


SUMMARY The impact of genotype and of frequency and timing of shearing, on mohair attributes and production of modern Angora goats was studied. Goats in the southern hemisphere grazed pastures between February 2004 and 2006. There were seven shearing treatments by three genetic strains with four or eight replicates of individual goats. Treatments were: three different 6-month shearing intervals and two of 12-month shearing intervals with different months of shearing, a 7-month winter shearing interval and a 3-month shearing interval. Genetic strain was based on sire line: 1·0 South African; 1·0 Texan; and Mixed 0·5 South African and 0·5 Texan. Annual greasy mohair production was 5·08 kg, and average clean fleece production was 4·37 kg. The Angora goats produced an annual clean fleece equivalent to 0·122 of their mean fleece-free live weight which was equal to 0·34 g/kg/day. Measurements were analysed over the period of spring 2004 shearing to spring 2005 shearing, excluding the June–December shearing treatment. Increased frequency of shearing increased fleece growth and affected 13 objective and subjective attributes of mohair that were evaluated including clean washing yield, fibre diameter and fibre diameter variation, incidence of medullated fibres, staple length, fibre curvature, crimp frequency, style, staple definition, staple fibre entanglement and staple tip shape. The direction of these effects were generally favourable and for most attributes the magnitude of the response was linear and commercially important. Each additional shearing resulted in an additional 149 g of clean mohair representing 0·034 of the annual clean mohair production. This increase was associated with a 0·6 cm increase in staple length and 0·32 μm increase in mean fibre diameter. In conclusion, Angora goats shorn less frequently grew less mohair that was more likely to be entangled in spring. Managers of Angora goats should take note of these findings.


In order to explore the optimum extracting conditions with non-denatured principle for leaf proteinfrom mulberry, use Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer to extract mulberry leaf protein and study the rate of proteindegradation. Through 4 factors and 3 levels orthogonal experiments, 4 factors including material-liquid ratio,extracting time, extracting temperature and pH value were optimized. Protein yield and protein extraction ratewere 2 indicators to find the most optimum processing parameters. The results showed that the most optimumconditions were as follows: pH 7.6, material-liquid ratio 1:10, extracting time 25 min, extracting temperature15℃. As soon as the author beated fresh leaves the cell walls must be destroyed, the protein in the cell mightdecompose by the action of the autolysis enzyme, which would lead to a lower leaf protein extraction rate.Under the optimum conditions the author added a certain amount of EDTA-2Na as a protease inhibitor beforebeating so as to enhance the rate of protein extraction. It was found this optimum concentration by observingthe protein degradation curve with different concentrations of EDTA- 2Na. Ultimate it showed that duringextraction, 5 mmol/L of EDTA-2Na could minimizes protein degradation.


Since some years, the author and Y. Harada have been engaged in studies of fungus flora in Aomori Prefecture and have published some lists of plant parasitic fungi in several localities as a serial report. The present paper was intended to report the species of downy mildew new to science or interesting, collected in Mt. Ajara and her vicinities. Mt. Ajara carrying a skiing ground (Owani-suki-jo) at her northern slope and Owani, a hot-spring-town, at her foot, rises to a height of 709 meters above the sea-level and is situated at 12 kilometers from the south-east of Hirosaki City.


This paper introduces and designs a system that it is able to achieve coal and rock automatic identification of fully mechanized mining.The system uses TLC320AD50C and TMS320VC5402DSP for processing sonic signals gathered.On that basis,FastICA algorithm of Independent Component Analysis(ICA) is applied in coal and rock interface identification.At last,the design of the soft and hardware also is completed.The system has the high real-time and algorithm processing ability,which is able to achieve coal and rock identification accurately.


This paper examines the perceptions of the concept of health of Kenyan student teachers studying Home Science and Health Education in five teacher training colleges (TTC) in Central and Eastern Province of Kenya, and the changes in these perceptions during teacher training. Theoretically the study draws on everyday life learning and situated learning. The study uses mixed methods including focused group discussions and health composition writing. A catalogue with 18 components of health was defined on the basis of data from 8 focused group discussions with student teachers. First year (n = 576) and second year (n = 355) students then wrote health compositions which were analysed according to the categories in the health concept catalogue. The study documents how students at entry point of TTC hold faceted concepts of health drawing on biomedical, bodily, cultural, social and material components. However, by the end of teacher training, biomedical components play a smaller role and cultural and social components a larger role in students' conceptualization of health, despite contextual circumstances such as for instance Science teaching.