The essay firstly introduces the structure of the system on which analyze the safety problems existing in the se-curity system of the current Web Services,then focusing on the Encryption of XML and the security expansion of SOAP to analyze some examples on the basis of the regulation in Web Services Security and the method to develop the Web Services.Finally,it gives an outlook for the Web Services.


A problem frequently encountered by investigators measuring scalp-recorded DC potentials is baseline drift artifact. The sources of baseline drift are many and it is often very difficult to remove drift from the primary data. The problem is particularly acute when long recording epochs are under investigation. The present paper proposes a software solution. A FORTRAN IV computer program defines drift as a significant linear trend in prestimulus voltage on successive experimental trials. When drift is determined to be present, its slope is computed and statistically removed from the data in the poststimulus (response) period. A sample data set is included which demonstrates the method's marked improvement of signal-to-noise ratios, as represented by reduced error variance and improved statistical discrimination between the independent variables of an experiment.


rial culture of past Muslim societies and to tie this material culture to its social context with an emphasis on interpretation. Insoll manages to overcome one of the major challenges of studying the material culture of past Muslim societies—recognizing it as specifically Islamic while at the same time acknowledging the regional variations found in different parts of the Muslim world. To solve this problem, Insoll adopted an approach (a variant of the Annales approach) whereby Muslim material culture is investigated along the lines of "structuring principles" and "cultural diversity." The structuring principles represent the very foundations of the Muslim faith as outlined in the Qur 'an and explained by the hadiths (traditions) of the Prophet. Cultural diversity encompasses the ethnic, cultural, and geographical differences that distinguish each Muslim society from another. Each of the book's eight chapters begins with an epigraph from the Qur 'an that sets forth the theme discussed in that chapter. Chapter 1 provides a useful background on Islam, Muslims, and the study of Islamic societies. In the six succeeding chapters, Insoll examines Islamic material culture in a wide range of places and times and considers how it might be recognized archaeologically. He identifies me mosque as the most representative feature of Muslim societies and the embodiment of one of the structuring principles of Islam: the obligation of prayer (chapter 2). He then analyzes the domestic environment, emphasizing the importance accorded by Muslims to secure the inviolability of the private space (chapter 3). "Food and drink," "education and health," "pilgrimage and travel," "personal possessions and dress," "magic and talismanic protection," and finally, "war," are examined in terms of their visibility and their recognition in the archaeological record as evidence of Muslim occupation (chapter 4). Muslim art, civilization, and economy are discussed in chapter 5. In chapter 6, a wide range of Muslim funerary practices and mortuary beliefs are examined. Insoll outlines a number of recognition criteria for Muslim burials. Chapter 7 details "the community environment." Insoll discusses the Muslim city, its defining elements, and its archaeological recognition. Other smaller scale settlements (villages, towns, and pastoral encampments) are briefly examined along similar lines. Insoll considers the presence of mosques and burials the best evidence for identifying these small non-urban settlements as Islamic. In the final chapter (chapter 8), Insoll restates that, although a great diversity exists, shared structuring principles define many categories of archaeological remains as specifically Islamic.


The bending losses in rectangular dielectric waveguides deposited on a chemical mechanical polished (CMP) surface above the metal interconnect/interlayer dielectric stack of a processed Si wafer are modeled and estimated. CMP efficiently removes local topography and microroughness, but leaves long-range surface profile undulations due to variations in the metal pattern density. These surface undulations are then transferred to the waveguides deposited on this surface. A beam propagation method (BPM) waveguide simulation program and an equation for bending loss developed by Marcuse have been used to examine the bending losses seen by waveguides deposited on such a surface. In order to simplify the simulation of the bending losses of the waveguides, the undulations are modeled as a series of arcs, which is shown to be a good approximation. It was determined that under typical conditions, the bending losses may be ignored as they are less than 0.1 dB/cm, which is below the range of typical propagation losses for a straight guide.


Previous studies have shown that the unbalanced growth model of Baumol (1967) provides a potential explanation for the observed secular rise in healthcare expenditure in developed countries. The model implies that healthcare expenditure is driven by wage increases in excess of productivity growth. However, no study has tested this hypothesis in the developing world. This study formally examines if healthcare costs in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) are affected by the Baumol Cost Disease. It relies on an empirical test proposed by Hartwig (2008) and extended by Colombier (2012), and uses a panel data set of 44 countries covering the period 2004–2016. The results suggest that the healthcare sector in SSA is partly contracted by the Baumol Cost Disease. Further, the result suggests that productivity gains over the period under study were over compensated in SSA overall, suggesting that marginal income is higher than marginal productivity in the economy. This paper was prepared by the author in his personal capacity. The opinions and views expressed in the paper are those of the author. Citation: Jamiil Jeetoo, (2020) ''Healthcare Expenditure and Baumol Cost Disease in Sub-Sahara Africa'', Economics Bulletin, Volume 40, Issue 4, pages 2704-2716 Contact: Jamiil Jeetoo email@example.com. Submitted: May 13, 2020. Published: October 12, 2020.


ABSTRACT The concentrations of elements in pharmaceuticals derived from plant seeds were determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The concentrations of Ca, Si, Cl, K, S, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, P, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Hg, and Zr were quantified; only Si (10 ± 1 to 70,000 ± 110 mg kg−1), S (10 ± 2 to 12,4000 ± 243 mg kg−1), K (4,000 ± 58 to 24,000 ± 70 mg kg−1), Ca (2200 ± 35 to 87,000 ± 150 mg kg−1), Mn (21 ± 4 to 1956 ± 17 mg kg−1), and Fe (100 ± 7 to 5150 ± 70 mg kg−1) were present in all samples. These results may validate the use of these pharmaceuticals for the treatment of disease due to high concentrations of essential elements Mn, Ca, Mn, K, Mg, Zn, Cl, Fe, and P. Mercury was present in some products below standard values. The results also have quality control applications because of the widespread use of these pharmaceuticals.


Evaporation of binary mixtures is studied using both experimental and theoretical approaches. For the experimental work, variations of the refractive index of the liquid in a Hele-Shaw cell during the evaporation are followed by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In this way, the variation of the concentration during the process can be measured. Rayleigh-Taylor instability is observed during the process. A theoretical model is developed for the basic profiles in order to facilitate the interpretation of the experimental results.


Abstract The procedures to be followed in the naming of new elements fall into two distinct phases. The first of these is done jointly between IUPAC and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) and involves the validation of a claimed discovery and its assignation to a laboratory or to a collaborating group of laboratories. The second phase is carried out by IUPAC alone, which utilises its standard procedures for the recommendation of a suitable name. After this recommendation has successfully gone through the usual stringent refereeing processes, it is then finally approved by the Council before being formally announced.


Agenda T Marquess of Willingdon, President, will take the Chair at the Annual General Meeting of the Society in the Meeting Room of the Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, NW1, on Thursday, June 27th, at 6 p.m. At the end of the meeting Philip Wayre will speak about his visit to Taiwan (Formosa) and show a film. 1. Minutes of the Annual General Meeting, 1967. 2. Presentation and Discussion of the Accounts and Auditors' Report (see page. 309). 3. Presentation and Discussion of the Annual Report. 4. To consider the subjoined proposed amendments to the Society's Rules, numbers 5 and 8. 5. Election of Officers of the Society. 6. Election of Members to fill vacancies on the Council. 7. Vote of thanks to the Zoological Society of London.


Abstract Excavations at the Late Classic Maya site of Cancuen (Petén Department, Guatemala) uncovered a small-scale hydraulic system including stone-lined canals and reservoirs within the architectural core of the site. The abundance of other nearby potable water sources along with the elaborate form of the system demonstrate that it served an ideological rather than practical function. Artifacts deposited in the reservoirs support this interpretation. Moreover, the reservoir located in front of the site's royal palace contained the remains of at least 30 individuals who may represent members of the royal court massacred during the site's collapse. This paper reports the animal remains found within the site's reservoirs to further explore the nature and extent of ritual and disposal activities within these aquatic contexts. Inter- and intrasite comparisons are used to contextualize the results within broader discussions of how we identify ritual activity in the zooarchaeological record, and the role of water in ancient Maya ideological and political systems.


Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is more sensitive than resting BP assessment in detecting hypertension in patients with coarctation of aorta (COA). However, it is not known whether ABPM provides a better measure of left ventricular (LV) pressure load and LV remodeling as compared to resting BP. LV pressure overload is the lynchpin in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular mortality in COA patients, because it leads to LV remodeling, LV dysfunction and heart failure, which sets-the-stage for cardiovascular death. Therefore identifying a sensitive clinical metric that reflects LV pressure load and LV remodeling, is an important step towards optimizing antihypertensive therapy to prevent LV dysfunction and mortality. We hypothesized that ambulatory systolic BP (SBP) has better correlation with arterial load and LV remodeling indices as compared to resting SBP.

 Our study cohort comprised of adults with isolated COA without significant residual coarctation (Doppler peak velocity ≤2.5 m/sec), aortic or mitral valve disease. All patients underwent BP measurement at rest, followed by ABPM. Arterial load (LV pressure load) was assessed using Doppler-derived effective arterial elastance index (EAI). LV remodeling was assessed using: LV mass index (LVMI), and E/e'. We divided the cohorts into 4 categories (normotensive, masked, white-coat, and overt hypertension).

 Of the 106 patients (male 69 [65%); age 39±11 years), 98 (93%) had prior COA intervention at 6±5 years. Resting SBP was 132±17, daytime ambulatory SBP was 142±16, and nighttime ambulatory SBP was 128±12 mmHg. The mean arterial load and LV remodeling indices were: EAI 3.4±0.8 mmHg/ml·m2, LVMI 106±21 g/m2, and E/e'11±4. Compared to resting SBP, ambulatory SBP had better correlation with EAI, LVMI, and E/e'. EAI, LVMI and E/e' were significantly different between hypertension categories (Figure 1).

 In this study, we demonstrated that ambulatory SBP had better correlations with arterial load and LV remodeling indices as compared to resting SBP. This suggests that ambulatory SBP was a more robust metric of LV pressure overload and remodeling, and can improve detection of vascular stiffness, LV hypertrophy and elevated LV filling pressure as compared to resting SBP. The results of the current study have important clinical implications with regards to initiation and titration of antihypertensive therapy. If ABPM is used as the gold standard for diagnosis of hypertension, the masked hypertension group (who would have been misclassified as normotensive based on resting SBP alone) will qualify for antihypertensive therapy. Additionally, since ambulatory SBP had better correlation with LV remodeling indices, perhaps titration of antihypertensive therapy using ABPM will potentially reduce the risk of LV hypertrophy and dysfunction due to hypertension.
 Figure 1

 Type of funding source: None


In a monograph recently published by myself (1), dealing with the causation and treatment of "flushing" at the menopause, and in. a paper published in the British Medical Journal (2), I have drawn attention to certain phenomena associated with the administration of epinephrine to women at the menopause who complained of flushing. These were:


Genetic variation of orosomucoid (ORM) in the genus Macaca was investigated Plasma samples were subjected to isoelectric focusing in a pH range of 4–6.5, followed by immunoprinting with anti‐human ORM antibodies. A total of 25 allele were identified in 231 Asian macaques belonging to 13 species from 23 population and 22 members belonging to a family of M. fascicularis. Family data presented evidence for a codominant mode of inheritance with multi‐alleles at a single auto somal locus. A population study revealed enormous intra‐ and interspecies variations. The heterozygosity values varied from 0.855 in M. fascicularis (Malaysia) to 0.000 in M. radiata (India), M. silenus (India) and M. arctoides (Malaysia).


From the Publisher:
Developments in the use of computer-based library systems have progressed by leaps and bounds in recent years. This third edition of Lucy Tedd's well-known text reflects the changes and their current and potential effect on methods of communication, information retrieval and library management. In a general overview of new methods and systems, the author describes developments in the storage and retrieval of information, including search facilities, inverted files, and the MARC format. The major impact of networks is assessed and there are numerous pointers to new sources of information, such as publicly available databases. Details are given of a wide range of products and systems for library management, and case studies illustrate the practical operation of an international selection of libraries, from Australia to Aberystwyth. Providing a neat summary of the vast literature available - with extensive references - this concise but thorough introduction will be a rare treasury of information for both student and practitioner.


Abstract Although Japan and Taiwan rebuilt their trade relations shortly after the KMT retreated to Taiwan, the Government of Japan (GOJ) was not deeply involved in postwar Taiwan's economic development until the mid-1960s. This paper traces how the rhetoric of 'economic cooperation' with Taiwan was shaped and evolved within the GOJ. Aside from supporting the U.S.' cold war policy, the GOJ turned positively to the KMT's demand for economic cooperation in this period as a means of solving the diplomatic crisis resulting from its increased trade with mainland China. Moreover, after the diplomatic crisis, the GOJ continued to use economic cooperation with Taiwan as part of its diplomatic toolbox to reshape its China policy. By connecting postwar Japan's utilization of development diplomacy with its China policy, this paper contributes a more comprehensive picture of how Japan tried, as a positive actor, to balance its relationship with mainland China and Taiwan within the U.S.' cold war strategy framework.


DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) enabled devices allow users to enjoy distributed content anywhere in the home without requiring user configuration. However, currently DLNA usage is restricted to the home domain.

The solution proposed in this paper expands DLNA usage to IPTV (IP Television) services provided by Telco operators. User experience is enhanced because all content, no matter whether it is an IPTV provided TV channel or a Video on Demand (VoD), or a content residing in the home, is integrated into a single application and can be accessed from any DLNA device.

Furthermore, we have evaluated the proposed solution building a test bed including DLNA Media Players that can be bought at stores.


Fatigue is a symptom of many Rheumatology Conditions (1). Hewlett et al have shown that a Fatigue Management programme (FMP) is effective in reducing fatigue in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients (2). In 2019, a 7-week group-based FMP was developed using a cognitive behavioural approach for Rheumatology patients in NHS Lothian (Scotland). In 2020, due to COVID-19, the in person FMP was adapted for virtual delivery. Referral criteria included Visual Analogue Scale-Fatigue (VAS-F) of ≥6/10 and an inflammatory rheumatic disease diagnosis. The FMP participants recorded Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) prior to and on completion of the FMP. In August 2021 demand for the FMP far outweighed the capacity of the delivery team and therefore the original 7-week FMP was further adapted to a 4-week programme. This was achieved by focusing on four core elements (i) sleep, (ii) thoughts, emotions and behaviours, (iii) energy conservation, (iv) setbacks.The primary objective was to evaluate whether the 4-week programme produced comparable PROMs results to the 7-week programme. In doing so, the aim was to maintain efficacy of the programme and provide increased capacity by offering more groups in the same timeframe.Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and VAS-F were selected for comparison between pre and post FMP PROMs results, these being the main indicators of improvement in fatigue management. Fisher's exact test was used to determine any difference between the PROMs results reported at the end of both programmes. Participants who reported that their PROMs result were the same, worse or who did not respond, were all placed into the category "Other". The FMP team recorded the average waiting time for those attending each group. The length of the waiting list at any one time was calculated by removing those who were not interested, had been referred elsewhere, or who did not respond to the invitation, from the total number of referrals received by the FMP team.There was no significant difference in FSS and VAS-F results reported by the participants in both groups at the end of the FMPs as determined by Fisher's exact test (Table 1). Waiting list times reduced from 24 weeks in August 2021 to 6 weeks in December 2021 as a result of the adaptation of the FMP from a 7-week programme to a 4-week programme (Figure 1).Table 1.Reported differences between pre-FMP and post-FMP PROMs.7 Week FMP (n = 25)4 Week FMP (n = 13)Fischer ExactFSSImproved72%77%p = 1.000Other28%23%VASImproved80%69%p = 0.689Other20%31%Figure 1.- Review of average waiting times experienced by each group. In August 2021, the decision was made to trial a 4-week FMP to counter large increases in average waiting times.A 4-week FMP is as effective at improving the management of fatigue in Rheumatology patients as a 7-week FMP and reduces patient waiting times. More research is required to bolster the evidence base to support this novel approach.[1]Overman, C.L., Kool, M.B., Da Silva, J.A.P. et al. The prevalence of severe fatigue in rheumatic diseases: an international study. Clin Rheumatol35, 409–415 (2016).[2]Hewlett, S., et al., Group cognitive–behavioural programme to reduce the impact of rheumatoid arthritis fatigue: the RAFT RCT with economic and qualitative evaluations. Health Technology Assessment 23(57), 1-130 (2019).Joanne Dobson: None declared, Dervil Dockrell: None declared, Kathryn Berg: None declared, Helen Harris Speakers bureau: Galapagos


Abstract – The implementation of the new system of education in Kenya in 2009 brought along changes in content, teaching and new demands in all subjects. The study focused on the challenges of empirical approach to geography teachers in selected secondary schools in TransNzoia County in Kenya. The study was prompted by the newer concept in pedagogy which has been proved to be a powerful instructional method for integrating concepts. The study target population was teachers, pupils and head teachers in selected secondary schools. The study used a sample size of 270comprising 250 pupils, 14 teachers and 6 head teachers in public secondary schools out of 750 and random sampling and purposive sampling were applied. The data was collected using recast face interviewing guides. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative techniques and presented in form of tables, frequencies and tally percentages. The results from the study indicate that syllabus completion, lack of innovation, poor pedagogy and methodology, lack of adequate teaching aids, negative attitudes by the teachers and lack of co-operation from school administrations are school related challenges of empirical approach to geography teachers in schools. The study also found that poverty, lack of trained personnel, lack of scholastic materials, lack of enough resources and poor government policy are nonschool challenges of the empirical approach to the geography teachers.


Rolling element bearings are an important joint in mechanical equipment and have a high engineering application value. To solve the problem of the difficulty in extracting periodic fault pulses due to complex noise interference and the interference of transmission paths in rolling element bearing fault characteristic signals, a novel hybrid fault diagnosis method based on complementary complete ensemble robust local mean decomposition with adaptive noise (CCERLMDAN) combined with multiple disturbance multi-verse optimizer (MDMVO)-based Maximum correlated Kurtosis deconvolution (MCKD) is proposed in this paper, and applied in different rolling element bearing fault conditions. Firstly, the CCERLMDAN method adaptively decomposes the fault vibration signal into multiple product functions (PF), and then selects the PF with the most fault information through the sensitive index (SI). Finally, the MDMVO method adaptively selects the best parameter combination of the MCKD method and then uses MCKD to perform a deconvolution operation on the selected PF, highlighting the periodic fault pulse excited by the bearing fault. The field-measured vibration signals of rolling element bearing faults are applied to verify the proposed method. The final results show that the method effectively improves the fault diagnosis accuracy of rolling element bearings, and both CCERLMDAN and MDMVO methods achieve a better performance than the original method.


Brown adipose tissue of the rat has been found to have an unusually high activity of mitohondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPD) when assayed both by a histochemical staining procedure and by a quantitative biochemical method with isolated mitochondria. In contrast to succinic, glutamic, and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenases, all mitochondrial enzymes, the activity of α-GPD in brown fat was 10 times that in liver, more than 20 times that in white adipose tissue, and 9 times that in kidney. The soluble NAD-linked α-GPD was also higher in brown adipose tissue than in white adipose tissue, liver, or kidney, but the differences were much less marked. The possible importance of the high activity of mitochondrial α-GPD in the regulation of synthesis of esterified lipid and in thermogenesis in brown fat is discussed.


On the basis of dynamic equations for seismic analysis derived from system energy, the seismic response of layered foundation-nonlinear structure system is studied by means of asymptotic method (KBM). The analytical formulas of amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency are obtained. A series of calculating results for different values of foundation parameters are presented in seismic resonant area. And then according to corresponding calculating results, the effect of foundation parameters on seismic properties of structure is analyzed; and the nonlinear dynamic characteristics,such as distortion of resonant area, bifurcation and suddenly jumping of amplitude, as well as the path effect , are discussed. It is indicated that the value change of foundation parameters of the same sort causes remarkable influence on structure dynamic properties, and the calculating error by the current Code of seismic design might be obvious for the analysis of layered foundation- nonlinear structure system. The interaction between soil and structure and nonlinear properties must be considered in order that design parameters are more reasonable and optimal.


Provided is a three-phase power transmission protection method and device that enable a circuit breaker disposed at the connection point between a power system and power transmission equipment to block ground-fault current in a normal manner, and that can prevent malfunction due to the circuit breaker itself. Power transmission equipment (30) is connected to a three-phase power system via a circuit breaker (24). Transformers (22a, 22b, 22c) transmit first, second, and third detection currents to a protection relay (23). On the basis of at least the first, second, and third detection currents, and targeting first, second, and third phase currents, a detection unit (231) specifies phase current of a ground fault as ground-fault phase current, and specifies phase current which is not ground-fault phase current as normal phase current. A ground-fault phase blocking command unit (232) sends a first command, for blocking, to circuit breakers (24a, 24b, 24c) in order to block the ground-fault phase current. A normal-phase blocking command unit (233) sends a second command, for blocking, to the circuit breaker (24) in order to block the normal phase voltage, and sends such command at a timing which is later than that of the first command.


Measurements have been made of the phase difference between the signals of two hot wires separated in the stream direction and placed in and close to the turbulent wake of a two-dimensional bluff body. Results are presented in the form of the wavelength and the phase speed of perturbations at the vortex shedding frequency for various positions in the flow. It is shown that values of the phase speed may be obtained that are in agreement with published values of the vortex transport velocity. It is necessary to ensure that the hot wires are close to the paths of the centres of the vortices in the wake, otherwise spurious results caused by the influence of the bound vorticity at the model will be obtained.


To the Editor: The role of opiates in motor control has been extensively studied in animals (1-4). However, their role in motor control and involuntary movements in humans has not been well defined (5-7). Fentanyl, a commonly prescribed opiate, may induce muscle rigidity when administered for anesthetic purposes (8-1 1). In this report we present a case of fentanyl-associated involuntary movement in a surgical patient. The objective of this report is to raise awareness of opiates' potential role in the development of involuntary movements and to advise that these movements may go unrecognized.


"Sun, Land and Sea" is a kinetic sculpture proposed by world-renowned artist, Len Lye (1901-1980). Lye constructed a model what of he perceived should be built at a much larger size. The sculpture includes long metal strips with induced travelling and sta


The idea that people cannot always distinguish between two stimuli has marketing implications. The minimal difference that can be noticeable between two similar stimuli is known as the Differential Threshold or the Just Noticeable Difference (JND). Discovered by a 19th century German Scientist, E.H. Weber, the relationship between the size of the JND and intensity of the stimulus has come to be known as Weber's Law.


A 2-year-old girl was referred to the pediatric clinic at our university hospital with complaints of dry cough and fever since four days. The patient had not received any premedication. An erect chest X-ray showed an opacification with gas-fluid-levels in the right hemithorax (Figure 1). A preexistent lung malformation (Cystic adenomatoid malformation (CAM), bronchogenic cyst ) cyst was excluded by ultrasound and CT (although it can resemble a CAM). Sonography revealed features of both lung abscess and empyema with thickened and hypervascularized pleural layers (Figures 2b, 2c, 3b). CT additionally confirmed presence of empyema and intrapulmonary abscess (Figures 2a, 3a). The patient recovered well after closed thoracic tube drainage and antibiotic therapy. A follow-up CT-scan six months later showed a pneumatocele, few areas of dystelectasis and a pleural peel as residual changes. Discussion:


"File-to-factory" processes of computer technologies is a contemporary way to both maximise efficiency throughout the building process, increase a building's performance, and be able to add interes ...


Introduction. 1: Calcareous microfossils. 2: Silicaceous microfossils. 3: Phosphatic microfossils. 4: Organic-walled microfossils (Palynomorphs). 5: Calcareous nannofossils. 6: Biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental interpretation. 7: Integrated stratigraphy. 8: Petroleum exploration, appraisal and development. 9: Case histories in petroleum exploration I: Clastic systems. 10: Case histories in petroleum exploration II: Carbonate systems. 11: Other commercial applications. Index


The physical and technological criteria are presented for providing to the junction field-effect transistor sensitivity to external influences. It is shown that in the channel depletion mode by drain-gate voltage photosensitivity of drain-gate junction or temperature sensitivity of pinch-off voltage are greater than in the other modes.


ing for a much wider circulation as was the case with edmund spenser's Faerie Queene and The Ruines of Time. by looking at ubaldini's england it is of interest to examine the representations we find of boudica, first in the works by ubaldini and then by spenser and other poets. in the first part of elizabeth's reign we find a number of historical references to boudica in the works of humphrey llwyd, raphael holinshed, John stow and William Camden and this may be because the period was one of relief and faith in the new protestant regime. however, since female power was seen as a sexual anomaly the arrival of elizabeth on the throne of england also incited great social anxiety and this anxiety found early political expression in the debate between apologists and theologians such as John Knox and John aylmer. this debate was to continue in the literary texts of James aske, thomas deloney, and edmund spenser and in the historiographical works of petruccio ubaldini in the late 1580s and early 1590s, a period dominated by the spanish threat of invasion and the fear of encirclement by Catholic forces in ireland, france and the netherlands. the "nasty 90s" were also tainted by domestic problems at home, most notably the succession crisis, factional divisions at court, the poverty of the Crown, social distress and the emergence of a class consciousness.6 however, caution was needed when references were being made to boudica in documents which also alluded to elizabeth's reign because of the darker side to boudica's story. boudica was presented as an outraged mother and queen defending her daughters and her people, her lands and culture from roman incursions and abuses but she was also responsible, morally and politically, for the terrible war atrocities carried out by her forces. roman sources for the story of boudica come from tacitus and dio Cassius7 both of whom give the


We have measured the temperature dependence of magnetization and coercive force of amorphous Fe5Co70Si15B10 ribbons in the intermediate temperature region below the Curie point. The M(T) curves manifest a plateau in the temperature region between 220 and 300 C in relatively low fields of technical saturation, i.e., M(T) is nearly constant. The plateau of M(T) curves from d.c. measurements disappears in higher fields. The M(T) curves have been analyzed by the use of a modified molecular field theory. They suggest the coexistence of a ferrimagnetic phase with a ferromagnetic phase. The ferrimagnetic phase has a TN at 513K, and TC at 640K, which is experimentally indistinguishable from TC of the ferromagnetic phase. On the Hc(T) curves, the coercivity decreases slightly with increasing temperature at first, then increases sharply up to a maximum value near 563K.


According to the data from 1978 to 2009, this paper established Logistic and GM(1,1) model and predicted the urban residents consumption level from 2010 to 2020. Finally, based on the shortcomings of Logistic model and considering blocking factor, it improved the Logistic model and obtained the model whose prediction accuracy is close to the GM(1,1) model, while avoiding the infinite growth situation of GM(1,1) model in late prediction.


Abstract : The report describes the application of an editing program called 'EDITOR' for documentation purposes. This program was written in FORTRAN IV language for the IBM 360/65 digital computer and requires a total memory length of 20,582 bytes. The 'EDITOR' program permits the user to have his reports 'typed' on an IBM 1403 highspeed printer. All text editing instructions (line spacing, underlining, centering, page numbering, etc...) are passed to the 'EDITOR' Program by means of Alpha Numerical codes punched in Column 1 of the input data cards. The data cards contain the text of the report, having been punched from FORTRAN coding sheets upon which the author has 'written' his report.


A prototype implementation of a spaceborne relative navigation sensor based on a pair of GPS Orion 12-channel L1 receivers is presented. It employs two individual receivers exchanging their raw measurements via a dedicated serial data link. Besides computing its own navigation solution, each receiver processes single difference measurements to obtain the relative state. The prototype receivers have been qualified with hardware-in-the-loop tests using a GPS signal simulator. They provide relative navigation solution accuracies of 0.5 m and 0.5 cm/s for position and velocity, respectively. While the purely kinematic relative navigation meets the accuracy requirements of many applications in the area of spacecraft rendezvous and formation flying, a highly simplified dynamic filter can be applied for further reduction of residual errors left in the kinematic relative navigation solutions and for propagation across short GPS outages. The potential of a Hill's equations model and a J2 propagator for this purpose are discussed.


The instrumentalisation of law for the purposes of creating a 'hostile environment' and deterring 'unwanted migration' is particularly visible in the UK. The new Nationality and Borders Act 2022 contains proposals on asylum which show a rejection of international law norms and conventions, without having had the political courage to put that rejection squarely to the public. That is not new. Right from the emergence of asylum as a political issue in the 1980's, the lukewarm official 'welcome' never quite hid the stance of disbelief which underlay the UK's legal and procedural responses. A parallel process, beginning even earlier but accelerating from 2010 onwards, has taken place in UK domestic immigration law. New legislation, Immigration Rules, policies, application procedures and litigation practices show diminishing respect for rule of law principles. This article uses simple and hopefully uncontroversial definitions of international law norms and accepted common law rule of law principles against which to analyse and critique key aspects of UK immigration control. It concludes that UK policies and practice have over time displayed an increasing hostility to those norms and principles, resorting to ignorant and even brazen indifference to facts, evidence, and analysis, and widening the gap between domestic and international law in important respects.


An important issue in fusion power plant design involves the effect of sawteeth on power transients and ash removal. A model was previously presented for sawtooth oscillations in tokamaks based on a thermal instability mechanism mediated by turbulence in the q < 1 core. This model has been validated against current machines such as the Joint European Torus (JET) and the Tokamak Experiment for Technology-Oriented Research (TEXTOR). Here, it is adapted to include effects of alpha particle heating in a reacting plasma. The goal is to study the interaction between fusion reactions and the sawtooth turbulence dynamics. The alpha particle heating rate function is sensitive to temperature variations and could possibly result in a thermal instability mechanism for amplifying sawtooth temperature fluctuations under typical conditions. Taking International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)-like conditions as an example, calculations are performed to illustrate this generic behavior. These conditions suggest that while the sawteeth are effective in helium ash removal from the q < 1 region, they can produce significant spikes in the alpha power. 11 refs., 8 figs.


Concepts like 'bioreactor landfill' or 'sustainable landfill' have been resonating in specialized technical and scientific meetings for a long time. However, there are still many myths surrounding this technique which, in some places, mainly the United States, has been practiced for over twenty years. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on bioreactor landfills. It begins with a review of the history of this technique, proposed in the 70s for the first time. The objective of bioreactor practices is to accelerate the degradation of municipal waste (MW) to avoid environmental liabilities. Advantages and disadvantages of these particular landfills are discussed. Having identified the MW moisture content as the principal parameter to control, different types of bioreactors have been developed, according to the aeration modes: anaerobic, semiaerobic, aerobic and hybrid bioreactors. As a guide for new projects arising and required in Iberoamerica, general guidelines for design and operation of new anaerobic and semiaerobic installations are gathered, including the leachate reinfiltration and liquid and gas collection systems, the main operational implications, and the monitoring needs. Four practical cases are described as examples: a full scale experience which has become an international reference, a model of semiaerobic landfill suited to middle-income and developing countries, and two cases representing the progress of these methods in Iberoamerica. Finally, the prospects of advance for this practice through research and with regard to its extension in this region of the world are presented.


The study was conducted to assess the soil quality with respect to the sustainability of Chilimo-Gaji Forest ecosystem using selected soils physicochemical parameters. Soil samples were taken through random sampling from the natural forest land under three different forest user groups (FUGs) in order to determine selected soils physicochemical properties. The result of the present study indicated that total N, available P and K, and % C were higher on the surface soil (0-20cm) than in the subsoil (20-30cm) depth indicating more nutrients are concentrated in the surface soil. The result of the study also revealed that presence of low bulk density ranges from 0.4 to 1.029 and high moisture content of soil ranging 4.89%-7.60%. The result also indicated that there is a higher per cent of carbon and organic matter across the three FUGs with Galessa recording the highest % carbon (7.69) and organic matter (13.25), followed by Gaji and Chilimo FUGs. The study also revealed that forest soil of the study area was very fertile and sustainable as the parameters analyzed indicating the forest ecosystem in the study area is sustainably managed under the new paradigm of participatory forest management. Scaling up participatory forest management to other protected forests in Ethiopia is crucial and plays a key role in the sustainability of healthy forest ecosystem. Keywords : Ethiopia; Forest user groups; physicochemical parameters; Soil organic carbon; Soil quality DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-3-01 Publication date :March 31 st 2019


Background Non-specific complaints (NSC) are common presentations to the emergency medical services (EMS). Patients with NSC often present with normal vital signs. Also, among patients with NSCs approximately one third have serious conditions which are not identified. Patients with NSC's are poorly studied in the pre-hospital setting. The aim of the current study was to describe the outcome serious condition in patients presenting with non-specific chief complaints to the EMS. Method A retrospective cohort study of all patients≥18 years, reported as presenting with NSC to the EMS in Stockholm County and transported to an emergency department. Patients were identified via EMS electronic patient record and followed via national patient registers. The outcome serious condition was defined in consensus. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed. Results 3780 patients were included. Median age was 77 years. Serious conditions were present in 1334 (35.3%) of the patients. Admission to in-hospital care rate was 67.6%. The in-hospital mortality rate was 135 (10.1%) (OR 6.6 CI 95% 3.5–12.5) and 30 day mortality was 269 (20.2%) (OR 4.4 CI 95% 3.3–5.7) in the group with serious conditions compared to 25 (1.0%) and 103 (4.2%), respectively, for the group with no serious conditions. Elevated triage levels by rapid emergency triage and treatment system (RETTS) was associated with serious condition as well as mortality rates. Conclusion One third of the patients presenting with NSC in the pre-hospital setting have an underlying serious condition which is associated with in-hospital admission and risk of death. Conflict of interest None. Funding None.


This paper investigates the kinematic differential geometry of a line trajectory in spatial movement. Specifically, we provide a theoretical expression of inflection line congruence, which is the spatial equivalent of the inflection circle of planar kinematics. Additionally, we introduce new proofs for the Euler–Savary and Disteli formulae and thoroughly analyze their spatial equivalence.


Although "root causes"; of juvenile crime are not yet known, some variables are known to correlate with delinquency. Some of this knowledge is based on research; more is clinical lore. This paper is offered as a review of current research in the field of delinquency which may contribute toward greater understanding and more effective correctional efforts for young offenders.


Six Polymethoxyflavones were prepared,isolated and purified from Pericarpium citri Reticulatae Viride by high-speed counter-current chromatography(HSCCC).A two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water(4∶6∶4∶6,v / v / v / v) was used.With in 460 minuets,3.5 mg of sinensetin,13.9 mg of 5,7,8,4′-tetramethoxy flavone,51.3 mg of nobiletin,9.5 mg of 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′-heptamethoxyflavone,44.7 mg of tangeretin and 11.2 mg of 5-O-DesmethylNobiletin with their purities over 97.0% were obtained from 270 mg of the crude extract of Pericarpium citri Reticulatae Viride in one –step elution under the conditions of a flow rate of 2 mL.min-1,800 r.min-1 and the detection wave length of 254 nm.The obtained fractions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and identified by mass spectrometry(MS),1H NMR and 13C NMR.The results indicate that HSCCC is a powerful technique for the purification of Polymethoxyflavones from Pericarpium citri Reticulatae Viride.


Objective To evaluate the inverse distance weighted(IDW) in revealing the characteristics of spatial distribution of water fluoride in Heze City,Shandong Province.Methods A geographic information system (GIS) database of water fluoride was established in Heze City of Shandong Province using the data of endemic fluorosis surveys collected by Endemic Disease Prevention Institute in Shandong Province during 2005-2007.IDW spatial interpolation was applied to predict the distribution of fluoride in drinking water in 139 towns of Heze City.Sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Results Mean water fluoride levels in 10 counties of Heze City were all higher than 1.0 mg,/L,and the water fluoride in Cao County,Juye,Mudan District and Juancheng were higher than 2.0 mg/L.Of all 139 townships of Heze City,129 were higher fluoride townships where fluoride was > 1.0 mg/L,10 were lower fluoride townships(≤ 1.0 mg/L).IDW spatial interpolation showed that the water fluoride of most areas in Heze City were > 1.0-2.0 mg/L.The areas with water fluoride of > 2.0-3.0 mg/L were mainly located in eastern Juancheng,northern Mudan District,north-central Chengwu,central and southern Juye,southeastern part of Caoxian and eastern part of Shan Town.Regions of water fluoride > 3.0 mg/L were mainly distributed in Xieji and Wanfeng towns of Juye County,Jishan town of Juancheng County,Sunlaojia town of Caoxian and Dusi town of Mudan County.The internal verification results showed that the sensitivity,specificity and overall accuracy rate of IDW used for predicting water fluoride content was 100.00% (129/129),10.00% (1/10) and 93.53% (130/139),respectively.While the external verification results showed that the sensitivity,specificity and overall accuracy rate of IDW for predicting water fluoride content was 100.00%(31/31),11.11%(1/9) and 80.00%(32/40),respectively.Conclusion With the application of IDW interpolation,it is feasible to infer the overall spatial distribution based on the monitoring data,and to reveal the spatial characteristics of water fluoride in Heze City,Shandong Province.

Key words:
Fluoride;  Geographic information systems;  Spatial interpolation;  Endemic disease


This paper examines the difficulties World Trade Organization (WTO) Members face in concluding the Doha Development Round. It considers whether useful lessons might be learnt from the Uruguay Round and the role plurilateral agreements, first concluded at the Tokyo Round, played in the successful conclusion of the Marrakesh Agreement. The paper will examine the potential for plurilateral agreements to be used to progress the Doha Development Round and the legal and practical issues that arise in relation to those agreements. Finally, the paper will discuss the value of the WTO dedicating greater attention and resources to its powers in relation to oversight and enforcement of the consistency of plurilateral trade agreements with the WTO Agreements, and how such a role may have a broader benefit to the interaction between the WTO Agreements and other areas of international law.


This paper investigates Dongshi Hakka tone sandhi within the output-oriented framework of Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky 1993[2004], McCarthy & Prince 1993). Two different forces are shown to motivate the tonal alternation in Dongshi Hakka. The first force is assimilatory in nature and forces intersyllabic tone features to agree. Completely contradictory to this force is a dissimilatory effect that requires elements at the tonal level and the contour level to be different. These facts are captured by NOJUMP-t, OCP-T (11), OCP-C (l), and OCP-C (hl), which regulate the well-formedness of tonal combination. In addition to tonal sequential markedness, the markedness status of a tone itself also plays a role. A low register tone occurring in a head position is shown to be marked and indirectly decides whether a tonal combination that violates a certain sequential markedness constraint will undergo tone sandhi. This can be explicitly captured by the conjunction of tonal and sequential markedness constraints.


States have exhibited a perennial wariness towards allowing judicial oversight of conduct during situations of armed conflict, by either international or national judicial bodies. While the prosecution of war crimes by international courts and tribunals over the past two decades has marked an upsurge in the judicial application of international humanitarian law (IHL) and invigorated scholarly interest in the area,1 the jurisdictional reach of these bodies has been tightly circumscribed. The ad hoc international criminal tribunals have been granted a temporary existence, and their jurisdiction has usually been tied to a specific time frame and geographical location. Even the exceptional International Criminal Court (ICC) only addresses war crimes reaching a certain threshold, when committed by nationals of a State party or on its territory, and where national authorities have been unwilling or unable to investigate or prosecute the offences.2 The United Nations Security Council represents an unlikely route for triggering the universal reach of the ICC, given the dominance of the "Permanent Five" members and the less than enthusiastic support for the Court by several of those States. That State sovereignty would be a barrier to any broad judicial role was evident during the drafting of the Geneva Conventions – States would not agree BOOK REVIEW


This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, W2GIS 2011, held in Kyoto, Japan, in March 2011. A total of 13 full and 3 short papers plus 2 short keynote papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics including geographic information retrieval on the web, geo-spatial semantic and sensor web, location-based services, advanced GIS visualization techniques, personalization and adjustment for mobile GIS applications, and geo-spatial data quality and context processing.


We investigate the evolution of social norms in a game theoretical model of multi-level selection and mutation. Cooperation is modelled at the lower level of selection by means of a social dilemma in the context of indirect reciprocity, whereas at the higher level of selection conflict is introduced via different mechanisms. The model allows the emergence of norms requiring high levels of cognition. Results show that natural selection and mutation lead to the emergence of a robust yet simple social norm, which we call stern-judging. Stern-judging is compatible with expectations that anthropologists have regarding the Pleistocene hunter gatherer communities. Perhaps surprisingly, it also fits very well recent studies of the behaviour of reputation-based e-trading. Under stern-judging, helping a good individual or refusing help to a bad individual leads to a good reputation, whereas refusing help to a good individual or helping a bad one leads to a bad reputation. The lack of ambiguity of sternjudging, where implacable punishment is compensated by prompt forgiving, supports the idea that simplicity is often associated with evolutionary success. © 2010 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


: Kombucha is a slightly sweet, acidic, carbonated, fermented beverage obtained by fermenting sugared tea ( Camellia sinesis ) with symbiotic bacteria. In the present study, kombucha was produced from black tea ( Camellia sinensis ), black grape ( Vitis labrusca ), black mulberry ( Morus nigra ), and rosehip ( Rosa canina ) fruits. Its physicochemical, microbiological, sensory properties and antimicrobial effects were investigated. During the fermentation, pH, Brix (%), viscosity, total antioxidant, and phenolic substance values decreased (p < 0.05). Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) and yeast/mold, Lactococcus/Streptococcus counts decreased, while the osmophilic yeast, acetic acid, and lactic acid bacterial counts increased (p < 0.05). The samples produced using black mulberry had the highest antibacterial activity (26.58 mm zone diameter), lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.012 mg·L –1 ), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) (0.008 mg·L –1 ) on Staphylococcus aureus . The highest antifungal activity was in the rosehip on Mucor racemosus (p < 0.05). The a* values increased during fermentation, while L* and b* values decreased. Based on the sensory analysis, black mulberry was the most preferred sample concerning all assessment criteria.


The invention provides a PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) color master batch. The PVC color master batch is prepared from the following components by mass: 20 to 50 parts of pigment, 30 to 70 parts of carrier and 6 to 10 parts of dispersion agent, wherein the carrier is prepared from PVC resin. By adopting the scheme, the PVC resin is used as the carrier and is applied to a PVC material, so that the production dosage is accurate, the color controllability is stronger, the dispersibility is better, the compatibility with a color master batch is better, and the technology control is convenient.


Memory cells, composed of PC and EL thin film elements, have been utilized to designing of a display with picture storage. Such a picture storing electroluminescent display may prove competitive with used now picture storing methods in the digital form. A mathematical model suitable for analysing the properties of a PC-El system is proposed and the preparation of PC and EL thin film elements is described. For a single pixel the dependences of output signal on the time for various values of amplitude and frequency of supplying voltage are presented.


The fast conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into reactive oxygen species (ROS) at tumor sites is a promising anticancer strategy by manipulating nanomedicines with near‐infrared light in the second region (NIR‐II). However, this strategy is greatly compromised by the powerful antioxidant capacity of tumors and the limited ROS generation rate of nanomedicines. This dilemma mainly stems from the lack of an effective synthesis method to support high‐density copper‐based nanocatalysts on the surface of photothermal nanomaterials. Herein, a multifunctional nanoplatform (MCPQZ) with high–density cuprous (Cu2O) supported molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflowers (MC NFs) is developed for the efficient killing of tumors via a potent ROS storm by an innovative method. Under NIR‐II light irradiation, the ROS intensity and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) produced by MC NFs are 21.6 and 33.8 times that of the non–irradiation group in vitro, which is much higher than most current nanomedicines. Moreover, the strong ROS storm in cancer cells is efficiently formed by MCPQZ (increased by 27.8 times compared to the control), thanks to the fact that MCPQZ effectively pre–weakens the multiple antioxidant systems of cancer cells. This work provides a novel insight to solve the bottleneck of ROS‐based cancer therapy.


In view of the complexity of control algorithm and high switch voltage stress,large electromagneticinterference in traditional two-level APFC circuit,a novel single-phase three-level boost power factor converter withone cycle control algorithm was discussed. In detail on the basis of the basic principle of single-phase three-levelAPFC,with the introduction of a new switch function,the state space equation of main circuit was established. Byusing precision rectifier circuit in the current sampling circuit,crossover distortion was reduced. Finally,by using onecycle control chip ICE1PCS01,a 2 kW prototype is built,the experimental results were presented to verify that theconverter is simple and reliable high power factor with one-cycle control strategy and cross-over distortion does notexist.


The authors studied in vitro the elastic properties of blood tumor cells in patients with acute lymphoblastic leucosis (ALL) under the influence of drugs with alkylation-type effect by using the method of atomic force microscopy. Among chemotherapeutic agents, we used cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. The dependence of morphological and functional properties of lymphoid cells was found in the concentration of the investigated drugs. It was found that cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide used in the concentration of 7,66*10 -6 mol/l increase the Young's modulus of lymphoblastic forms and cause a decrease in viability of the examined cells by 2.5 times compared with the control. The results of the research have a clinical and diagnostic value for the treatment of patients with ALL and evaluation of the quality of care.


The frequency of heart beat as function of temperature has been determined in a number of animals. I t has been abundantly demonstrated that in a qualitative sense the Q10 ratios are of the order of magnitude found in connection with chemical reactions, and that within the range of non-destructive temperatures the Q10 ratios typically decrease as the temperature rises. Beyond this, little or no analysis has been made. I t has been pointed out (Crozier, 192425, a) that the equation of Arrhenius (1889), with its modern theoretic underpinning, may with profit be applied to vital phenomena. Such application was in a very general way made by Arrhenius himself (1915) and in sporadic instances has been urged by others (e.g., Dhar, 1920; Matisse, 1921). But we are not so much interested in the mere application of an equation which describes the course of such data, as we are in the specific values of the thermal constant which it yields. Systematic use of this relationship for the synthesis of varied data has been illustrated in the case of respiratory oxidations (Crozier, 192425, b), and by means of a number of processes among arthropods in which the rate of central nervous discharge as influenced by temperature is probably a controlling factor; the latter provide concordant values of the constant ('temperature characteristic) v = 12,200 calories (Crozier, 1924-25, a). The validity of such synthesis, and its empirical justification as a method of functional analysis, may be further tested in the case of the heart rhythm. I t was especially desired to complete a survey of heart beat frequencies as affected by temperature in order to discover 565


Medical quality is the foundation of a hospital 'survival and Development.Companying with national medical treatmentsafeguard institutional complete reform and medical treatment market share competition more acute,on this newly position,militaryhospital is confronted with former absence of this challenge.On our sight,it is the key to must have hold military hospital medicaltreatment quality control special basic principia.


Near Field Communication (NFC) has a huge potential to simplify our everyday tasks, ranging from paying for items to accessing our office or home. In this context we will focus on using NFC together with a arduino circuit board and NFC reader anad tags to realize a simple system for granting access to open a locked door.


The attack of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on unsaturated fatty acids causes peroxidation. The membranes of liver cells are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which are a target of lipid peroxidation by free radicals. The purpose of the present study was to identify the hepatoprotective potential of Lonicera caerulea and its active compound, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, on tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. L. caerulea extract and its active compound, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, showed a dose-dependent hepatoprotective effect on tBHP-induced HepG2 cell damage. In addition, L. caerulea and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside inhibited the production of intracellular ROS in tBHP-treated HepG2 cells. The protein expression of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinases and Akt, which are responsible for cell protection against ROS, were increased after treatment with cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (50 and 100 μM) in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside is the active compound in L. caerulea, which is responsible for the hepatoprotective effects through the inhibition of ROS and the activation of antioxidant mechanisms.


63 selective angiographies of the inferior mesenteric artery (=IMA) were studied clinically, included 44 rectal cancer, 4 sigmoid cancer, 3 ulcerative colitis and others. The IMA originated at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was noticed in 67% of the all cases. The left colic artery arisen as an isolated vessel apart from the sigmoid branches was recognized in 68% of the cases, and in 32% cases it was devided as major trunk with one or more sigmoid branches. Exposure of splenic flexure region was noticed in almost cases (98%). Considering the above results, division of the inferior mesenteric trunk wass perfomed routinely in radical rectal procedure without any ischemic complications.Studies of the IMA angiographic and operative findings in 43 rectal cancer cases dem-onstrated more marked irregularity and displacement of arteriar branches and marginal artery when the tumor was extended through the bowel wall and enlarged over 5cm in diameter. Tumor vessels (tortuous in course, random in distribution, irregular appearance and abnormally tapered) were observed in 39 cases (91%), and premature venous fiillings also were observed in about half cases. Selective arteriography of the IMA offers reliable and valuable information in the diagnosis and evaluation of bowel diseases.


The intersubband infrared absorption of holes in a GexSi1−x /Si superlattice is observed for the first time. In the experiment, the photocurrent is measured as a function of applied bias which is used to inject holes to the minibands of the superlattice. Two peaks in the photocurrent as a function of bias across the device are observed due to intersubband absorption between the ground to the first and the first to the second light hole minibands. The polarization dependence measurement is used to study the nature of the transitions and is in good agreement with the selection rules.


This study presents the results of three field experiments using NPK and micro-element fertilization on wheat. The experiments were carried out on the experimental fieIds at Instituto de Pesquisas e Experimentacao Agropecuarias do Centro-Oeste, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The results obtained showed no influence of P and K alone, on yield. How ever, NPK with micronutrients, and NPK applications did significantly increase wheat yields indicating that nitrogen was necessary for increasing wheat production ou the soils studied.


It is known that the thermal stability of polydimethylsiloxane is adversely affected by the presence in the siloxane polymer of active chain ends (i.e., by residual catalyst). The presence of catalyst causes the degradation reactions to proceed through an ionic mechanism (as opposed to the free-radical mechanism typical of the "pure" polymer). Since ionic reactions take place at temperatures at least 100°C. below those at which free-radical reactions occur, the thermal stability is thus strongly impaired. Degradation reactions occurring in polydimethylsiloxanes exposed to elevated temperatures fall roughly into two groups: (1) depolymerization (i.e., reactions involving the cleavage of the siloxane bonds) and (2) degradation proper, which results in profound changes in the chemical structure of the polymer (i.e., reactions involving carbon substituents on the Si atom, their splitting off, oxidation, etc.). Depolymerization of polydimethylsiloxane at temperatures of 150°C. and higher has been studied in vacuo and in air. The rate of depolymerization was followed quantitatively by means of weight losses; changes in the molecular weight of the polymer were taken as indicative of changes in polymer structure. The dependence of the rate of depolymerization of polydimethylsiloxane on the catalyst (KOH) concentration in the polymer was measured. It was found that the residual basic catalyst can be neutralized by acids. The neutralized polymer is characterized by a high resistance to depolymerization. The kind of acid used for the neutralization has a strong influence on the resistance of substituents toward high temperature and oxidative atmosphere. Benzoic acid and H2SO4, suppress the depolymerization almost completely, but strong mineral acids considerably decrease the resistance of substituents toward oxidation. It was found that very advantageous stabilizing properties are displayed by hydroxides of the Al(OH)3 type. The amphoteric nature of these hydroxides makes them suitable for stabilization of polydimethylsiloxane produced by anionic as well as cationic polymerization.


Treatment of ketones with thallium(III) triflate in
amide solvents at 60 °C for 30 min followed by addition of small
amounts of H2O cleanly provided the corresponding
α-acyloxy ketones.


The present invention provides a novel ageing-resistant and combustion-resistant wood-based panel with an immersion film paper veneer and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) sequentially paving an adhesive film, a medium density decal, an adhesive film and a decorative sheet on a substrate layer and assembling; 2) after assembling is completed, placing in a thermocompressor for hot pressing, wherein the adhesive film is film paper which is obtained by soaking kraft paper with gram weight of 40-60 grams/square decimeter by using phenolic resin and then drying and molding, the adhesive dipping amount of the kraft paper is 180%-250%, the medium density decal is film paper which is obtained by soaking kraft paper with gram weight of 210-2400 grams/square decimeter by using phenolic resin, and the adhesive dipping amount of the kraft paper is 30%-35%; and 3) cropping and trimming an ageing-resistant and combustion-resistant decorative panel. The decorative panel provided by the present invention has low formaldehyde emission and good ageing-resistant and combustion-resistant properties.


Let B be the one-point extension algebra of A by an A-module X. We proved that every support τ -tilting A-module can be extended to be a support τ -tilting B-module by two different ways. As a consequence, it is shown that there is an inequality | sτ -tiltB| > 2| sτ -tiltA|. 2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 16E30, 16G20.


The synthesis of maximally-permissive controllers in infinite-state systems has many practical applications. Such controllers directly correspond to maximal winning strategies in logically specified infinite-state two-player games. In this paper, we introduce a tool called GenSys which is a fixed-point engine for computing maximal winning strategies for players in infinite-state safety games. A key feature of GenSys is that it leverages the capabilities of existing off-the-shelf solvers to implement its fixed point engine. GenSys outperforms state-of-the-art tools in this space by a significant margin. Our tool has solved some of the challenging problems in this space, is scalable, and also synthesizes compact controllers. These controllers are comparatively small in size and easier to comprehend. GenSys is freely available for use and is available under an open-source license.


This paper presents a parallel implementation process for the structural dynamic topology optimization problem. An energy flow analysis based topology optimization model is established for the objective of vibration control. The structural vibrations are excited by time-harmonic external mechanical loading with prescribed frequency and amplitude. Design variables are parameterized using Bi-material Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) models and Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) is applied for variable updating. A Parallel Finite Element (PFE) model is constructed by re-group the original finite element model. Each PFE will be computed by different processor, and then assembles together to get the global response. The efficiency and stability can be improved, which has been illustrated in the results discussion section in the end of the paper.


A new method to design an orthomode transducer (OMT) is reported, which is achieved by combining a septum polarizer with an E-plane magic-T. The two orthogonal polarization modes are generated by a septum polarizer with even and odd modes exciting conditions. To reduce the influence of processing errors at the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band, electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) technology is introduced. To verify the design, two prototypes with and without EBG are fabricated and measured. The isolation performance of OMT is obviously enhanced by a loading EBG structure. The experimental result of 20% bandwidth from 90 to 110 GHz for port isolation less than −31.0 dB, polarization isolation less than −26.9 dB, and reflection coefficients less than −10 dB is achieved in the prototype with EBG.


Egyptian Arabic exhibits diglossia as Egyptians speak country two varieties of Arabic side by side; this is in addition to the English language which is one of the most widely used foreign languages in Egypt. The present study investigates how code-switching (CS) is employed in 'Call me Ziko', one of the songs by an Egyptian popular band called 'Takh' which literally means in Arabic [boom / bang]. The song is presented as a short narrative sarcastic sketch, where code-switching is extensively used to mark the social identity of the main characters in the narrative, creating a humorous enjoyable message. The study answers the following questions: 1. What are the linguistic codes (i.e. Arabic dialects and foreign languages) used in Takh's Song 'Call me Ziko'? 2. How does code-switching construct the social identities in 'Call me Ziko'? The study analyzes the code switching in the song and verifies the results about the identities of the main characters (Siham & Ziko) through a survey administered to the audience eliciting their attitudes and expectations about the social background of Siham and Ziko.


A system (200) of passive imaging IR comprising: - a matrix detector (10) IR, - an optical device bi-field, capable of forming an image on the detector and having an axis on optiquedes forming means image (20 '), an afocal (30) removable determined magnification G upstream of the image forming means, an aperture diaphragm (40) disposed between the sensor and the training facilities of 'image.Il comprises scanning means (70') in bearing of the detector assembly and optical bi-field device, in that the aperture diaphragm (40) is removable and in that the optical device further comprises , an against-scan mirror (81) adapted to be blocked, disposed upstream of the image forming means, and in that the image forming means comprises means for obtaining a third field, the mirror of-scan against (81) and the means for obtaining a third field being arranged on said optical axis and adapted to form an image on said detector (10) in order to obtain a tri-field imaging system.


Extreme events play a crucial role in fluid turbulence. Inspired by methods from field theory, these extreme events, their evolution and probability can be computed with help of the instanton formalism as minimizers of a suitable action functional. Due to the high number of degrees of freedom in multi-dimensional fluid flows, traditional global minimization techniques quickly become prohibitive in their memory requirements. We outline a novel method for finding the minimizing trajectory in a wide class of problems that typically occurs in turbulence setups, where the underlying dynamical system is a non-gradient, non-linear partial differential equation, and the forcing is restricted to a limited length scale. We demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm in terms of performance and memory by computing high resolution instanton field configurations corresponding to viscous shocks for 1D and 2D compressible flows.


This paper describes with the Improvement of aircraft performance, spin prediction technique is gradually perfected. The tasks and difficulties of spin researches ,as well as spin prediction be considered in all process of the aircraft development ,are explained.


E‐selectin is an adhesion molecule of endothelial cells that binds to cancer cells mediated by sialyl Lewis A (sLea) or sialyl Lewis X (sLex). It is suspected to be involved in hematogenous metastasis of tumors. Therefore, it is worth examining E‐selectin expression in human colorectal cancer and its hepatic metastasis. In the present study, E‐selectin was clearly revealed on the endothelial cells of small vessels adjacent to cancer nests both in primary and in metastatic nests in immunohistochemistry. In these tissues, E‐selectin was observed on the endothelial cells lining the lumen of small vessels. Its expression adjacent to cancer nests appears to be induced through some stimuli by cancer cells, since its degree of expression is inversely correlated to the distance of the blood vessels from the cancer nests (p < 0.001). Endothelial cells adjacent to the metastatic lesion expressed E‐selectin more extensively than those adjacent to the primary foci. This is also in line with the finding on serum E‐selectin levels which were significantly elevated in the metastatic group as compared with the non‐metastatic group. The serum E‐selectin level may provide useful information in the diagnosis for hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer, although the results are still tentative. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. It occurs most often in people with chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection. It is the fifth most common liver cancer globally and also a common cancer in Bangladesh. Treatment is difficult; however newer oral drug Sorafenib is available in our country which is promising.


This paper deals with the catalytic aspect of electroless palladium deposition on Pd-Sn activated stainless steel substrates. Experimental results of anodic hydrazine polarization revealed that the shape of the polarization curves can be taken as an indicator of the catalytic activity of substrates. The exchange potential reflects the nature of the palladium species, while the reference current density at a given potential depends on the amount of the active species. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and polarization measurements showed that the presence of tetravalent Pd(IV) oxide limits the autocatalytic activity of activated substrates. The Pd(IV) species is very likely stabilized by interaction with the coexisting SnO 2 on the Pd-Sn activated substrate


The Calvin Cycle enzyme phosphoribulokinase (PRK) is reversibly deactivated by the formation of an intrasubunit disulfide bond between two active-site cysteines, Cys15 and Cys55. To determine whether these two residues have a role in catalysis, site-directed mutagenesis has been applied to a cDNA clone to individually replace the cysteines with serine or alanine. The remaining cysteines of PRK (Cys244 and Cys250) were similarly substituted. The mutant genes were expressed in Escherichia coli MV 1190. The specific activity of PRK in which Cys244 or Cys250 had been replaced was indistinguishable from wild-type enzyme. PRK in which Cys16 is changes to serine was about 90% as active as wild-type enzyme, while the alanine substitution was 45% as active. The Cys55 mutant proteins were more impaired, retaining only 5-15% of native activity. The K{sub m} of both ATP and ribulose 5-phosphate was determined for the C16S, C16A, C55S, and C55A enzymes. Only the K{sub m} of ribulose 5-phosphate for the position 55 mutants deviated significantly from that of wild-type enzyme, being elevated 4-fold in C55S and 8-fold in C55A PRK. These results identify Cys55 as the sole cysteine with a facilitative role in PRK catalysis and suggest that oxidative deactivation largely reflects lossmore » of an active-site sulfhydryl rather than major conformational changes.« less


The seismograms for the multiscale crustal model due to dislocations are synthesized by a revised direct stiffness matrix method. By extracting the exponential growth terms related to wavenumber and layer thickness, the fast and accurate wavefield modelling can be achieved for the multiscale system with superficial fine layers (the layer thickness and velocity vary from metre level in the near-surface to kilometre level in deep crustal zones). This method allows relatively high-frequency cases of engineering interest (about 10 Hz) to be tackled without extra computations, linking the geophysics to the geotechnical earthquake engineering. The simulations considering superficial fine layers (5–50  m) show that the horizontal peak ground velocities can be amplified twice with superficial velocity decreasing from 0.4 to 0.15 km s–1. A case study using a realistic fine model in Tokyo metropolis elucidates that the displacements are localized within the epicentre distance about 5 km, predicting the displacement responses by factors up to 6.7, 1.1 and 6.7 for radial, tangential and vertical directions in comparison to the simplified model without superficial fine structures.


A versatile, passive 95 GHz imaging testbed is reported. Naturally occurring W-band black body radiation provides the input. One or more radiometers are mechanically scanned in a raster pattern over the focal plane. Output signals of the radiometers are amplified, sampled and integrated before A/D conversion. The passive millimeter wave (PMMW) image is formed from the resulting 2D array of focal plane data. Images from 192 by 254 to 64 by 64 pixels have been achieved, frame time being proportional to the image size. Simple image processing may be required, depending on image parameters. The test bed easily accommodates a variety of receivers, from single channel to multichannel arrays. Both superheat and tuned radio frequency radiometers have been tested. The testbed is suitable for both fixed and mobile operation. Experimental results are reported for laboratory studies and for field tests in the Big Bend and Davis Mountains regions of southern Texas. The testbed has proven to be a compact, economic and versatile method of demonstrating and exploring PMMW imaging.


The peculiarities of pedagogic technologies of forming of literature-local lore knowledge of future teachers are being considered in the article.


Electroweak penguin operators become important when m t ≈ 174 GeV. We discuss their implications for measuring CP violating phases α, β and γ.


Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Chapter One 1. Enter Cyberpunk: An Itinerary of Visual Manifestations Chapter Two 2. The Emergence of Cyberpunk Science Fiction: Elaboration on the Idea of Genre Chapter Three 3. The Idea of the Spectacular: Neuromancer, Mona Lisa Overdrive and Count Zero Chapter Four 4. Zombies in the Age of Terminal Culture: Neuromancer, Mona Lisa Overdrive, Count Zero and the Graphic Novels Chapter Five 5. Alternate Histories and Technological Aestheticisation: William Gibson and Bruce Sterling's The Difference Engine Chapter Six 6. William Gibson's "Architecture": Virtual Light, idoru and All Tomorrow's Parties Conclusion Appendix: Interview with William Gibson Bibliography Index


The fresh Eichhornia crassipes was soaked in hot water to get the hydrophilic extracts.The reduce activity,scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical,scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radical,scavenging capacity of superoxide anion and inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation were determined.All determination results showed that the antioxidant activities of crude hydrophilic extracts from Eichhornia crassipes were equal to or higher than Vc with the same concentration as the protein content of crude extracts,especially the scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radical and reducing power were remarkably higher than Vc.Moreover,the antioxidant activity was increased with the increasing of the extracts concentration.It is obvious that the hydrophilic extracts of Eichhornia crassipes has antioxidant activity to some extant.


Both government and the private sector have developed methods capable of detecting potentially harmful agents. This information could be used to predict possible harmful effects, suggest mechanisms of action, make risk assessment thereof, and develop nonbiased protocols. The paper describes an artificial intelligence system (Computer-Automated Structure-Evaluation (CASE) that is capable of predicting harmful effects based on structural determinants. In addition, a matrix of strategies has been devised which uses the already generated information to identify the types of assays that are the most predictive as well as the most economical.


Intra-storm rainfall attributes were analyzed for 49 extreme storm events at five locations in the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg eastern South Africa. Three stations located in the mountain foothills and two stations sited on the escarpment edge above 2800 m a.s.l. provide the first detailed intra-storm data for the Drakensberg. Extreme rain-fall events were found to vary in duration and in depth, but all stations measure a clear exponential distribution of cumulative kinetic energy content of storm rainfall over time. The first 300 minutes of storm duration generate more than 90% of the total energy content available as well as 80% of the total rainfall. When rainfall generation and high rainfall intensity (exceeding 25 mm/h) are plotted as a function of storm duration, most storms at the stations indicate a high proportion of rainfall being generated within the first and second quartile of storm duration. More than half the storms generate their maximum peak intensity within the first quartile of the duration of the storm and 84% of the storms show maximum intensity within the first half of the storm duration. Even though these common tendencies are evident, the data show that the structure of erosive rain is site specific, and that the within-storm distribution of rainfall should be incorporated into soil-loss modeling in the region. Further research is needed to ascertain the association between storm structure and synoptic conditions, as well as the actual effect that within-storm distribution of rainfall has on runoff and soil detachment in the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg.


In this paper, statistical techniques namely, Single Exponential Smoothing and Optimized Single Exponential Smoothing, Double Exponential Smoothing and Optimized Double Exponential Smoothing were used in the field of meteorology as forecasting models for prediction of daily as well as 3-years average (2001-03) maximum and minimum temperatures and the results were compared to judge applicability of these statistical models for operational  use The modifications in algorithms of the two known techniques, two new Optimized techniques are obtained. The results established that these methods are advantageous in comparison with persistence and climatology. Further the accurate prediction of daily rainfall improves forecast of the maximum and minimum temperatures.


Diabetes mellitus is considered to be a severe health issue which is caused due to the presence of higher amount of plasma/glucose in the blood. A number of decision support systems were introduced to help medical experts for analyzing different factors that cause diabetes. Here a computerized information system is designed using Stacked Generalization for predicting diabetes. The classifiers under consideration are Decision Stump, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine. The selection of Stacked Generalization is done after conducting a detail performance evaluation of individual classifiers and AdaBoost algorithm. The level of accuracy was varied from a lower value of 75 % to a higher value of 82 % by using Stacking algorithm.


Al films deposited on Pt layers developed voids after annealing between 200 and 300 °C. Void formation in the Al was also observed when the Pt layer was deposited above the Al film. The amount of Al surrounding the voids increased as the voids grew. The void growth seems to saturate when all the Pt is consumed to form Pt2Al3, and the rate of void growth decreases as the thickness of the initial Al film increases. We believe the controlling mechanism is diffusion along the Al/Pt interface made possible by compound formation there.


The Λ0b→Λ decay is observed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0fb−1 recorded by the LHCb experiment. The decay proceeds at leading order via a b→ss ̄s loop transition and is therefore sensitive to the possible presence of particles beyond the Standard Model. A first observation is reported with a significance of 5.9 standard deviations. The value of the branching fraction is measured to be (5.18±1.04±0.35+0.67−0.62)×10−6, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is related to external inputs. Triple-product asymmetries are measured to be consistent with zero. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.05.077 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-129633 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Originally published at: LHCb Collaboration; Bernet, R; Müller, K; Steinkampf, O; Straumann, U; Vollhardt, A; et al (2016). Observation of the Λ0b→Λ decay. Physics Letters B:282-292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2016.05.077 Physics Letters B 759 (2016) 282–292


. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence of periodic solutions of a system of coupled nonlinear integro-differential equations with variable delays. By applying the Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem and under sufficient conditions we establish the existence of such solutions. An example is given to illustrate our results.


To elucidate the mode of action of D-isoascorbic acid (IAA) in exerting vitamin C activity for guinea pigs, it was necessary to determine the turnover rate of this ascorbic acid in their organs as well as its effect on the turnover of L-ascorbic acid (AA). Guinea pigs were saturated with either IAA or AA, and the organ contents of the isomers were determined at different intervals of depletion. In a second experiment, guinea pigs previously saturated with AA were injected intraperitoneally with L-ascorbic-1-14C acid. Twenty-four hours after injection, L-ascorbic-1-14C acid was measured in the organs of some of the animals; three groups were formed with the other animals: group 1 was fed with a diet deficient in vitamin C, group 2 with the diet plus 0.1% AA, and group 3 with the diet plus 2% IAA. The L-ascorbic-1-14C acid content of the organs was determined on different days. It was found that the rate of IAA turnover was much more rapid than that of AA in all organs. Furthermore, IAA increased rather tha...


Using the experimental data given in the above paper, we show that – unlike the effective coupling discussed in this paper – the net average antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling in doped lanthanum cuprates depends only weakly on the doping or on the temperature. We argue that the effective coupling is proportional to the square of the staggered magnetization, and does not supply new information about the origin of the suppression of the magnetic order in doped samples. Our analysis is based on a modified version of the equation describing the spin-flip transition, which takes into account the decrease of the staggered moment with temperature and doping. xxxxxx PACS numbers: 74.25.Ha, 74.72.Dn, 75.30.Hx, 75.40.Cx


Marchenko-based redatuming methods aim to produce full-waveform propagators from single-sided reflection data and an estimate of the subsurface velocity model. In this talk, I will first review various alternative approaches proposed in the literature and discuss how they differ from each other and from the original formulation of Wapenaar et al (2014). Using a common notation throughout, the key novelty of each method will be highlighted as well as their strengths and limitations with respect to application to field data. Finally, I will discuss the way forward, both in terms of implementation details (e.g., 3D) and theoretical advances (e.g., active role of multiples), that are the topics of current research in the community and can be seen as key enablers for a more widespread use of the Marchenko equation in geophysical applications.


For many years, cancer have been the 2nd leading cause of death, both men and women, in Croatia, and breast cancer is among first three cause of death from cancer in women. Disease, especially cancer, has negative and multidimensional impact on quality of life. The aim of this research was to examine the relation between perceived social support and body image with quality of life in women with breast cancer who undergone surgical treatment mastectomy. Results showed that quality of life after the mastectomy in women with breast cancer was 53.58 %SM which was below the normative range, and indicating decreased QoL. Social support proves to be strongest protective factor for the quality of life in women with breast cancer who undergone mastectomy, and longer time from diagnosis was also associated with higher quality of life. Neither women's age, level of body image disturbance nor type of additional treatment were shown to be significant predictors of the overall QoL Assessment of quality of life and perceived social support could become a valuable indicator of the success of multidisciplinary treatment and indicate areas where the woman needs additional help and support in order to achieve better quality of life.


Health personality is one diathesis that an excellent undergraduate should possess,so consummating the undergraduate personality has very important meaning.It can not only help the undergraduate improve themselves value,but also can meet the society demand for the excellent people.In this paper,we put forward some measures and suggestions to cope with the problems that exist in undergraduate personality.


The results of the evaluation of a breadboard, edge-actuated, modal, deformable mirror are given. The mirror was designed to correct for focus and two axes of astigmatism in the Zernike formulation using three actuators. The dynamic response of the mirror, with single mode input, is down 3 dB at 150 Hz with a phase shift of 75°. For single mode input, the surface deformation with static input is linear to at least ±0.1 10.6 (±1.1 um) with cross coupling to the other modes less than 10%. Calibration curves derived from the single mode input data are included. With multimode static inputs, the surface deformation deviation from the calibration curves is generally less than 0.02 10.6.


Current trends in the design of Multi-Junction Solar Cells (MJSC) and quantum dot applications form the backbone of the Concentrated Solar Photovoltaic (CSPs) Systems. There are a number of developments in solar power technology because of their improved power production, high efficiency, high absorption coefficients and cost-effectiveness. Selection of solar photovoltaic (PV) materials of different band gap energies to absorb complete solar spectrum is close to a reality with decrease in price to performance ratio. This paper presents a generalized MJSC simulation model. The present model assumes a mathematical approach, investigating solar cell characteristic curves including current density (Jsc) and power (P) curves concerning the applied voltage for a different number of junctions and by varying the material properties of the multi-junction (MJ). The proposed model simulates different parameters and performance characteristics of two different natures of MJSC including InGaN/AlGaAs/InGaAs Triple Junction Solar Cell (TJSC) and InGaN/InGaN/AlInP/AlInP/AlGaAs/ AlGaAs/AlGaAs Seven-Junction Solar Cell. Simulation results presented in this paper are in agreement with experimental results. Solar cell parameters including short circuit current (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), leakage current (Jo), output power (Pout) have also been calculated in this work. The efficiency (%𝜂) of a TJSC for visible light, ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) light is presented. The efficiency (%𝜂) of seven junction solar cell is calculated to be 63%. Characteristic curves of the solar cell are plotted as a function of voltage for different concentration levels and the number of junctions, which helps to design a solar power array that can operate to its peak power point. The objective of this research is to improve the overall efficiency of MJSC.


With the increasing sophistication of information technology and the " Internet + Strategy " advocated by the government, traditional industry entrepreneurs are facing increasing competition pressure. How to cultivate its dynamic ability to maintain sustainable competitive advantage becomes an urgent task. In this paper, the relevant research theories about dynamic capability and sustainable competitive advantage at home and abroad are roughly sorted, this paper analyzes the mechanism of dynamic capability to construct sustainable competitive advantage of start-up enterprises, and finds that the construction of sustainable competitive advantage is a process that relies on enterprise dynamic capability to continuously carry out resource reorganization and continuous innovation. On this basis, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to use dynamic capability to build sustainable competitive advantage.


Through changing the initial eccentricity of the column and the magnitude of the pre-stress of the strut, the paper studies the stress of the reinforced concrete column with eccentricity and the strengthening strut. The study shows that the strengthening is greatly influenced by the initial change of load of the eccentrically loaded column and the strut pre-stressing. The greater the pre-stressing, the more obvious the offloading effect of the reinforced concrete column by the strut. When the column fails, the greater the stress borne on the strut, the more effectively releasing the stress laoding effect of the column by the strut. When the initial load stress becomes greater, the Prestressing of the strut will be correspondingly raised.Therefore, the strut will play its full role in bearing the load.


In this work we will consider the possibility of using the Coulomb Green's function for the calculation of both, bound and quasi-continuum state energy of a system with two active electrons outside closed shell. Our approach is based on the Sturmian representation of the wavefunction for the free electron. The corresponding effective quantum numbers for bound and continuum states are included into the calculations of free-free and free-bound Gaunt factors. The link to the experiments is the ability of the models to generate synthetic spectral features which can assist in analysis of observed spectra. Comparisons with other methods are also provided.


GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: A CASE STUDY OF NAGALAND STATE Vinyuhu Lhoungu 1Research scholar, Department of Economics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong Meghalaya, India, Prof. Bishamber Mishra 2Professor, Department of Economics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022 This paper investigates the growth effects of government expenditure in Nagaland state over a period from 1980-81 to 2009-10, with a particular focus on sectoral expenditures. We disentangled governmental expenditures and used a multivariate co-integration analysis and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to examine the effect of each sector on economic growth, both in long and short runs. Seven sectors have been taken into account: Administrative Services, Education, Health, Agriculture, Transport and Communication, Rural Development and Power. Our findings reveal that in the long-run, expenditure variables are found significant to explain the dependent variable, i.e, economic growth (GSDP). In the short-run, expenditure on education is found to be positively significant and expenditure on agriculture shows a negative relationship with the economic growth. However, expenditure on health, administration, transport and communication and rural development are not significant. Accordingly, the allocation of government resources towards education sector should be favoured in order to enhance growth.


We extend our previous SPH parameter study of the effects of photoionization from O-stars on star-forming clouds to include initially unbound clouds. We generate a set of model clouds in the mass range $10^{4}-10^{6}$M$_{\odot}$ with initial virial ratios $E_{\rm kin}/E_{\rm pot}$=2.3, allow them to form stars, and study the impact of the photoionizing radiation produced by the massive stars. We find that, on the 3Myr timescale before supernovae are expected to begin detonating, the fractions of mass expelled by ionizing feedback is a very strong function of the cloud escape velocities. High-mass clouds are largely unaffected dynamically, while lower-mass clouds have large fractions of their gas reserves expelled on this timescale. However, the fractions of stellar mass unbound are modest and significant portions of the unbound stars are so only because the clouds themselves are initially partially unbound. We find that ionization is much more able to create well-cleared bubbles in the unbound clouds, owing to their intrinsic expansion, but that the presence of such bubbles does not necessarily indicate that a given cloud has been strongly influenced by feedback. We also find, in common with the bound clouds from our earlier work, that many of the systems simulated here are highly porous to photons and supernova ejecta, and that most of them will likely survive their first supernova explosions.