ABSTRACT Plant regulators, as well as bioactive fractions of the organic matter, can accelerate the development and increase the efficiency of adventitious rooting in ornamental plants. We evaluated rooting in the Brazilian red-cloak ( Megaskepasma erythrochlamys ) and sanchezia ( Sanchezia nobilis ) cuttings in response to application of indole-butyric acid (IBA) and humic acids (HA). Stem cuttings of both species treated with solutions of 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/L of IBA and 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mmol/L of C of HA were placed in 2.0 L plastic pots containing carbonized rice husk, kept in greenhouse. Survival of cuttings, number of leaves and shoot and root fresh and dry matter were evaluated 45 days after. Data were used to run an analysis of variance. We observed the average contrasts, calculated the regression equations and estimated the concentrations that provided the best efficiency in terms of root dry matter. For IBA, 185.4 and 66.8 mg/L were the concentrations that promoted the highest root dry matter accumulation in the Brazilian red-cloak and sanchezia, respectively, with increments of 140 and 22.5% in relation to the control. HA, at 33.6 mmol L


In this st properties rectangula equations, a finite vo such as R nanopartic been studi some exist which con number in for higher cases it de viscosity, numbers s Ra=10 7 . T motion en important clarify the convection showed th number ha


This study aims to analyze: (1) learning activities with multi representation, (2) critical thinking skills of student with multi representation (3) the effect multi representation compared with assignments to student activities, (4) critical thinking skills and activities multiple representations compared with assignments. This research is quasi experimental research with a pretest and posttest control group design. The population in this study were students of class XI SMA Negeri 5 Binjai. The research sample consisted of two experimental classes with multiple representations and a control. Collecting data using observations and tests that have been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique used the independent t test with a significance level of 5%.The results showed that: (1) student activity multi representation was in the active category (85.7%), while student with assignments was in the fairly active category (65.7%), (2) critical thinking skills of student with multiple representations were in the good category (74.3%), while the students critical thinking skills with assignments were in the fairly good category (68.6%), (4) activities and skills critical thinking is better learned in the experimental class rather than in the control class.


Introduction: Morel-Lavallee lesion is a rarely occurring sequela after blunt injury, most commonly occurring in the area of the hip and lower extremities. It is a severe degloving injury caused by traumatic shear forces causing separation of the subcutaneous layer from the underlying deep fascia. T


The study of type specimens of Pinguicula clivorum Standl. et Steyerm. allowed to prove that this is a valid species and independent from P. lilacina Schltdl. et Cham., with which it has been confused. It is also shown that P. barbata Zamudio et Rzedowski is a synonym of P. clivorum .


Objectives: To determine the frequency of development of connective tissue disease (CTD) in patients considered to have idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) >10 years. Patients and methods: Based on initial evaluation, 113 women and 29 men were divided into either 'primary RP' (n=109) or 'possible secondary RP' (n=33) groups and were re‐evaluated after a median follow‐up period of 12.4 years. Results: Overall 20 patients (14.1%) progressed to a definite CTD; 10 from 'primary RP' (9.2%) and 10 from 'possible secondary RP' (30.3%). Initial presence of antinuclear antibodies, thickening of fingers, higher age at onset of RP, and female sex seemed to be important determinants for a possible transition to a CTD. Conclusion: In RP‐patients, who are at risk of development of a CTD, serial clinical and laboratory controls are warranted for the decision to initiate therapy early.


The Cambridge History of Modern European Thought offers a capacious and detailed survey of this rich and varied intellectual terrain. It combines state-of-the-art research with accessible presentations that can serve as both touchstones for the seasoned scholar and points of entry for students both beginning and advanced. Individual chapters trace crucial movements and fi gures across a broad range of disciplinary fi elds and domains of thought; they do so with sensitivity to the complexities both of the internal debates and traditions of intellectual life and of the larger contexts within which writers and artists have pursued their work. The focus is on intellectual concerns that fall roughly into the domain of humanistic inquiry and artistic practice – questions of the self, knowledge, and truth, human nature, the political order, ethics, justice, religion, ontology, psychology, and the symbolic modes whereby humans represent their ideas and experiences. More or less absent are the natural sciences and medicine.


SWOT Analysis Robert Mondavi and the Wine IndustryBotswana Notes and RecordsEcotourism & CertificationThe Bodyshop An Analysis of the Company ?s Actions Towards SustainabilitySustainable BusinessProgress in Renewable and Sustainable EnergyThe International Business EnvironmentEmerging Issues in the Sustainable Economic Growth of VietnamEnvironmental Sustainability and Development in OrganizationsContemporary Strategy AnalysisWiley Encyclopedia of ManagementZara, from Spain to the big wide world. Company analysis, markets and competitionTesla Motors. SWOT analysis and corporate strategyEvents, Society and SustainabilityWorld Databases in ChemistryThe Importance of Business Ethics and Sustainability Within Supply ChainsGreen Public Procurement Strategies for Environmental SustainabilityTool Kit Guide for Rapid Economic Assessment, Planning, and Development of Cities in AsiaA Strategic Analysis of the Construction Industry in the United Arab EmiratesSocial Impact AssessmentMaking Sustainability StickSustainable Program ManagementAnalysis of and Recommendations for Kenya's Tourism SectorSustainable TourismInside the Patent FactoryFundamentals of Project SustainabilityTotal Quality Management (TQM)Participatory Modelling for Resilient FuturesTourism's Potential as a Sustainable Development StrategyCollaborative Product and Service Life Cycle Management for a Sustainable WorldMining, Society, and a Sustainable WorldManaging Business Analysis ServicesGlobal Value Chains, Flexibility and SustainabilityStrategic Marketing in the Global Forest IndustriesFundamentals of Sustainable DevelopmentProject SustainabilityWorld Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology AbstractsForest Strategy"Biopetrol": A swot analysis of non-fossil fuels for cars within EuropeIndicators of Sustainable Development for Tourism Destinations


In this paper control of high index or even non-regular linear descriptor systems subject to general quadratic constraints is considered. This setup especially includes the H∞ control problem and the design for strict passivity. In a previous paper [9] this problem was addressed by a linearizing change of variables approach under a certain assumption on the structure of the algebraic equations within the system description. This restriction is overcome in the paper at hand. By means of a modified linearizing change of variables approach the synthesis conditions (given as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs)) not only become structurally simpler, but, in contrast to [9], also include the case without algebraic constraints. The approach is constructive: controller parameterizations can be computed on the basis of the solution of the LMI synthesis conditions.


There are various methods to calculate the value of forest water conservative. Generalizing the information from all over of the world, the substitution method is applied generally. The methods discussed above are often adopted to calculate the value of forest water conservative. While these methods need to calculate the values respectively and then synthesize them. During this process, superposing of information may make a deviation from the truth. It becomes a focus that whether a model can be established to synthesize them. Here the author puts forward the fuzzy mathematics theoretical model for the value of forest water conservative. V=A○R,Where A is the weight value for factors,R is the integration value matrix which is made up of matrixes that single element, S is the vector of water source, in detail, S=(P,P1,P2,P3,0).


To discuss the effect of rhGH on the critical patients with mechanical ventilation 31 patients in ICU with mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into rhGH group and control group.rhGH group 8IU rhGH IH QN for 7 days.The period of rhGH group with mechanical ventilation were obviously shorter than the control group.There was significant difference between two groups.The APACHEⅡ score of rhGH group were significantly lower than the control group after 5 days of the treatment.There were no difference PaO2 between the two group.The respiratory Index and the Oxygenation Index were higher than the control group in 5th 7th day.The rhGH can improve the recovery of spontaneous breathing.of the patients with mechanical ventilation.


The Redmond Holiday Village Market will be held on November 24-25, 2017. Buy spectacular and unique gifts for the someone special. Come support local artists,… Find OR craft shows, art shows, fairs and festivals


Coatings obtained through photopolymerisation of vinylethers, propenyl ethers and epoxy resins are described. The influence of alcohols and of comonomers bearing OH groups on the cationic mechanism of the curing process is discussed. The final properties of the coatings are evaluated and correlated to the structures of the additives.


Objective To obtain the CHO-K1 cell strain for stable and high expression of recombinant long-acting erythropoietin(EPO) by codon optimization and site-specific integration technique.Methods Darbepoetin-1 sequence(the patent reported sequence) and its synonymous codon sequences Darbepoetin-2 and Darbepoetin-3 were obtained by site-directed mutation EPO gene,based on which the corresponding expression vectors pcDNA5 / FRT / dbp(s) were constructed and transfected to CHO-K1 cell strain by site-specific integration technique.The transfected cell strains were identified by ELISA and fluorescent quantitative PCR,and the expression levels of Darbepoetin alfa protein with synonymous codons at the same integration site were compared.The expressed protein was purified by blue-gel affinity chromatography,gel filtration chromatography(GFC) and ion exchange chromatography(IEC),then analyzed by SDS-PAGE,Western blot and isoelectric focusing electrophoresis.Results Sequencing results proved that recombinant plasmids pcDNA5 / FRT / dbp(s) were constructed correctly.ELISA showed that the expression level of Darepoetin-2 was significantly higher than those of Darbepoetin-1 and Darbepoetin-3,and reached 1 845 IU / ml at most.SDS-PAGE proved that purified Darbepoetin alfa,with high relative molecular mass and sialic acid abundance as compared with those of rHuEPO,showed specific binding toe rabbit anti-human EPO polyclonal antibody.Conclusion The CHO-K1 cell strain for high and stable expression of recombinant Darbepoetin alfa.


A novel SLM (spatial light modulator), named SOM (spatial optical modulator) has been developed. SOM is one dimensional mirror array device, so the pixel number and the dimension of the mirror array could be easily designed for application specific. Full-HD rear projection displays with 1080-pixel SOM devices and VGA resolution embedded mobile projection displays with 480-pixel SOM devices have been developed. SOM device packaging was designed, characterized and fabricated for high resolution and high quality displays. Fine-pitch interconnections as well as submount fabrication, hermetic sealing, PCB bonding, wire bonding and bond wire passivation processes were designed and accomplished. The dimension of the packaged SOM chip modules were 27.4times68.3times4.6 mm3 and 13.4times12.0times3.1 mm3 for RPTV(rear projection tele-vision) and pico-projection modules, respectively. The mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical characteristics like as bending, thermal distribution and its uniformity, electrical noise characteristics were controlled.


This research aims at ; (1) describe the characteristics of the Physics module in material with ESQ for grade X SMA / MA. (2) get Physics module with ESQ for grade X SMA / MA who are eligible based on criteria. Th e method of this research using R & D with the reference of model 4-D (four D model) proposed by Thiagarajan, Semmel (1974). Model 4-D consists of definition, design, development and dissemination. The module is arranged with a load of emotional spiritual quotient ( ESQ ) which consists of developing knowledge, students can find a solution to their problems, provide a productive learning environment, creating a learning climate of physical and social for students, and engage students optimally in learning good emotional and spiritual. In addition, the module is also equipped with guided-inquiry stage as pillars in the module because it is a part of scientific approach that needs to be developed in 2013 curriculum. The m odule is assessed based on the feasibility of materials, media, and languages, as well as trials (limited and extensive) to students, and the deployment phase in MGMP. Data collection of the research used questionnaires and guidelines of analysis interview , validation sheet, questionnaire responses, the character values questionnaire, observation of character value , and disseminate questionnaire. The r esults of the study as follows: (1) physics module which contains six components of esq were well presented , express ed or implied, with guided-inquiry basis in it. (2) modules which are categorized as an adequateone with the calculation results (matter experts, media specialists, linguists, teachers, peers) that shows the average score of 86.0> cut-off 84.3. And supported by the positive response from students and disseminate results conducted on the MGMP forum categorizing as a good module . (3) the use of the module can empower the character value and knowledge of the student because > 75% can reach more than minimum score ( KKM ) .


China is a multi-ethnic country. People of all ethnic groups have created different fine arts in practice. These fine arts have become an important treasure in the treasure house of traditional Chinese culture since they came out. They not only represent the unique development history of each ethnic group, but also reflect the unique national temperament of different ethnic groups. This article will analyze the origin and development of Chinese minority art based on big data.


AbstractSince 1999, Very High spatial Resolution satellite data (Ikonos-2, QuickBird and OrbView-3) represent the surface of the Earth with more detail. However, information extraction by multispectral pixel-based classification proves to have become more complex owing to the internal variability increase in the land-cover units and to the weakness of spectral resolution. Therefore, one possibility is to consider the internal spectral variability of land-cover classes as a valuable source of spatial information that can be used as an additional clue in characterizing and identifying land cover. Moreover, the spatial resolution gap that existed between satellite images and aerial photographs has strongly decreased, and the features used in visual interpretation transposed to digital analysis (texture, morphology and context) can be used as additional information on top of spectral features for the land cover classification.The difficulty of this approach is often to transpose the visual features to digital analysis.To overcome this problem region-based classification could be used. Segmentation, before classification, produces regions that are more homogeneous in themselves than with nearby regions and represent discrete objects or areas in the image. Each region becomes then a unit analysis, which makes it possible to avoid much of the structural clutter and allows to measure and use a number of features on top of spectral features. These features can be the surface, the perimeter, the compactness, the degree and kind of texture. Segmentation is one of the only methods which ensures to measure the morphological features (surface, perimeter...) and the textural features on non-arbitrary neighbourhood. In the pixel-based methods, texture is calculated with mobile windows that smooth the boundaries between discrete land cover regions and create between-class texture. This between-class texture could cause an edge-effect in the classification.In this context, our research focuses on the potential of land cover region-based classification of VHR satellite data through the study of the object extraction capacity of segmentation processes, and through the study of the relevance of region features for classifying the land-cover classes in different kinds of Belgian landscapes; always keeping in mind the parallel with the visual interpretation which remains the reference.Firstly, the results of the assessment of four segmentation algorithms belonging to the two main segmentation categories (contour- and region-based segmentation methods) show that the contour detection methods are sensitive to local variability, which is precisely the problem that we want to overcome. Then, a pre-processing like a filter may be used, at the risk of losing a part of the information. The "region-growing" segmentation that uses the local variability in the segmentation process appears to be the best compromise for the segmentation of different kinds of landscape.Secondly, the features calculated thanks to segmentation seem to be relevant to identify some land-cover classes in urban/sub-urban and rural areas. These relevant features are of the same type as the features selected visually, which shows that the region-based classification gets close to the visual interpretation. The research shows the real usefulness of region-based classification in order to classify the land cover with VHR satellite data. Even in some cases where the features calculated thanks to the segmentation prove to be useless, the region-based classification has other advantages. Working with regions instead of pixels allows to avoid the salt-and-pepper effect and makes the GIS integration easier.The research also highlights some problems that are independent from the region-based classification and are recursive in VHR satellite data, like shadows and the spatial resolution weakness for identifying some land-cover classes.ResumeDepuis 1999, les donnees satellitaires a tres haute resolution spatiale (IKONOS-2, QuickBird and OrbView-3) representent la surface de la terre avec plus de detail. Cependant, l'extraction d'information par une classification multispectrale par pixel devient plus complexe en raison de l'augmentation de la variabilite spectrale dans les unites d'occupation du sol et du manque de resolution spectrale de ces donnees. Cependant, une possibilite est de considerer cette variabilite spectrale comme une information spatiale utile pouvant etre utilisee comme une information complementaire dans la caracterisation de l'occupation du sol. De plus, de part la diminution de la difference de resolution spatiale qui existait entre les photographies aeriennes et les images satellitaires, les caracteristiques (attributs) utilisees en interpretation visuelle transposees a l'analyse digitale (texture, morphologie and contexte) peuvent etre utilisees comme information complementaire en plus de l'information spectrale pour la classification de l'occupation du sol.La difficulte de cette approche est la transposition des caracteristiques visuelles a l'analyse digitale. Pour resoudre ce probleme la classification par region pourrait etre utilisee. La segmentation, avant la classification, produit des regions qui sont plus homogene en elles-memes qu'avec les regions voisines et qui representent des objets ou des aires dans l'image. Chaque region devient alors une unite d'analyse qui permet l'elimination de l'effet « poivre et sel » et permet de mesurer et d'utiliser de nombreuses caracteristiques en plus des caracteristiques spectrales. Ces caracteristiques peuvent etre la surface, le perimetre, la compacite, la texture. La segmentation est une des seules methodes qui permet le calcul des caracteristiques morphologiques (surface, perimetre, …) et des caracteristiques texturales sur un voisinage non-arbitraire. Avec les methodes de classification par pixel, la texture est calculee avec des fenetres mobiles qui lissent les limites entre les regions d'occupation du sol et creent une texture interclasse. Cette texture interclasse peut alors causer un effet de bord dans le resultat de la classification.Dans ce contexte, la recherche s'est focalisee sur l'etude du potentiel de la classification par region de l'occupation du sol avec des images satellitaires a tres haute resolution spatiale. Ce potentiel a ete etudie par l'intermediaire de l'etude des capacites d'extraction d'objet de la segmentation et par l'intermediaire de l'etude de la pertinence des caracteristiques des regions pour la classification de l'occupation du sol dans differents paysages belges tant urbains que ruraux.


This paper reports the first test eval- uating whether stated choices as part of a contin- gent valuation survey discriminate between signifi- cant and trivial causes. Using a random digit dialed sample for North Carolina, two different plans were posed to respondents-one to expand a popular North Carolina highway flower planting program nationwide and a second to facilitate the use of recycled tires in making asphalt for highways. Ran- dom assignment, identical payment mechanisms, and overall question designs were used. The results indicate clear discrimination in choices, choice functions, and the estimated willingness to pay for the two plans. (JEL Q26, D71)


The latest progress of tray is reviewed. Some of new tray designs developed from Fl valve and sieve trays are presented. In addition, the principle and features of tray-packing combination tower are also summarized. A type of patent tray -CTST is introduced in detail, which has the advantages of higher ca-pacity and efficiency, lower pressure drop and entrainment and better fouling resistense. Its gas/liquid mass-transfer field is extended from the liquid above plate to the space between two plates so that the efficient space between two plates gets to 50-70%. Finally the future research and development of tray are prospected.


Do heightened capital requirements impose private costs on banks by adversely affecting their cost of capital? And if so, does the effect differ across different groups of banks? Using an international sample of listed banks over the period from 1990 to 2017, I find that equity investors adjust their expected return weakly in accordance with the Modigliani and Miller (1958) Theorem when banks decrease their leverage. The adjustment is stronger for smaller banks, banks that rely more on deposit financing and when debt is reduced rather than deposits, which never triggers a statistically significant adjustment. In any cases, the adjustment is not strong enough to keep banks' cost of capital constant which is estimated to increase by 10 to 40bps, representing a relative increase of 2.8% to 12.6%, when shifting equity from 8% to 16%. When using the 2011 EBA capital exercise as a quasi-natural experiment to identify the impact of capital regulation on bank's cost of capital, results indicate a strong reduction in required returns for the treated banks. However, the reduction is mainly caused by shifts in asset risk, highlighting the importance of differentiating between short-run and long-run effects.


This handout provides information on the importance of vaccination for people aged 65 years and over and the specific vaccinations that are recommended for this age group.


on western economic terminology, did not explore the polysemic nature of images that would have been able to move beyond the essentialist category of 'sun-heads' and bring further understandings to the role of rock art in Bronze Age society. In summary, this volume provides a useful re-examination of traditional ideas about Bronze Age pastoralism and Andronovo archaeology in Kazakhstan. It also presents archaeological field data that demonstrate that the Koksu River valley in southeast Kazakhstan has seen pastoralist activities flourish in its environs for over 4,000 years. The author provides plausible models for reconstructing the mobile economic strategies of the Bronze Age pastoralists along the Koksu River, but his rigorous approach to optimal foraging in the landscape was not followed through into the analysis of rock art and its social interactions.


Descriptive research that objectived identifying the sociodemographic and health characteristics of people with venous ulcers (VU) assisted on Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL), in the city of Natal / RN. The target population is composed of 40 VU patients, attended by angiologists in surgical clinic ambulatory of this hospital. The study received assent of the Ethics Committee of Rio Grande do Norte Federal University (Protocol n.169/06). The data-collection was performed in surgical clinic ambulatory of HUOL, through structured interview, non-participant observation in the curative changes and VU patients' records review. In this study, we had identified a clientele of VU patients predominantly female, mostly in an age group until 59 years, with low schooling and family income levels, unoccupied, featuring stories of venous insufficiency, of DVT, venous surgery and orthostatic position, with varicose veins, cardiopathy, HAS and diabetes. The characterization of this clientele could help in planning a full and resolutive assistance to people with VU and their families.


Objective The lumbar 5 and 6( L5 /6) spinal nerve ligation( SNL) is one of the most widely used approaches rat models for neuropathic pain, results in the rapid development of mechanical allodynia within 24-72 h. However,the time of duration was too short,then our team explored and studied a new kind of neuropathy pain rat model of single lumbar 6 spinal nerve root ligation. Methods The first series of experiments were performed to examine the pain behavior of rats with different nerve ligations. 36 rats were randomly divided into control group( n = 6),L5 /6nerve root ligation group( n = 6),single L6 nerve root ligation group( n = 18) and sham operation group( n = 6).The mechanical allodynia of rats was assessed using a 50 % paw with drawal threshold( PWT). The other 54 rats were randomly divided into control group( n = 6),L5 /6nerve ligation group( n = 24) and L6 nerve root ligation group( n = 24). The second series of experiments were performed using Western blots to evaluate dorsal horn glial fibrillary acidic protein( GFAP) expression in different groups at different time points( 1 d,7 d,14 d and 28 d). For this series of experiments,Results In this study,a single L6 SNL induced prolonged development( 1-14 days) of mechanical allodynia and gradually increased expression of GFAP in the ipsilateral dorsal horn. Conclusions Single L6 SNL might be used as an effective model for researching the development period of neuropathicpain and is thus worth further investigation.


Physical conflicts between articulatory goals are inevitable in speech. One such conflict is investigated in this paper, namely that between posterior tongue targets of consonants and vowels. Multiple strategies are identified across dialects and languages for dealing with these conflicts, and described in terms of language-specific rankings of phonological constraints on the organization of articulatory gestures. In English, sequences of high tense vowel + liquid have been observed to result in the percept of an intervening schwa in some dialects (as in, e.g., heel, hail, hire, etc.), giving many listeners the impression of an "extra" syllable or half-syllable (cf. higher). While previous studies have given this phenomenon special phonological status, the present paper argues that this schwa is the phonetic result of one possible strategy for reconciling an intrinsic conflict between articulatory (tongue dorsum/root) targets. This same conflict, however, results in vowel laxing/ lowering in other dialects, implying a different strategy. Preliminary laboratory data are presented, first supporting the notion that the schwa percept is the incidental result of the tongue passing through a schwa-like configuration or "schwa space" during the transition between opposing tongue root targets. Second, data are presented for several additional languages supporting the notion that similar cases of articulatory conflict occur in other languages, often resulting in similar effects. The constraint-based proposal is evaluated in light of these cross-language findings.


A search for high mass Higgs boson of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model decaying into two fermions using the first 2015 data at 13 TeV is presented. The four final decay channels of μτ h , eτ h , τ h τ h and eμ is used. The limits on production cross section times branching ratio has been set. Other results from Run1 and different searches and measurements involving Higgs decays fermions will also be reviewed.


Background: Presence of lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN) is not routinely reported as part of margin assessment in breast conservation therapy (BCT) as in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). With new emerging evidence of LIN as possible precursor lesion, the hypothesis is that LIN at the margin may increase the risk of local recurrence with BCT. The aim is to determine whether there is an increase incidence of recurrence when LIN is found at surgical margins on BCT. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 1,334 BCT at a single institution in a 10 year period. Inclusion criteria are positive margin with LIN from primary BCT containing invasive and/or in situ carcinoma with comparison to the negative control group who had similar diseases with negative margin for LIN. Results: We identified 38 cases (2.8%) with LIN either lobular carcinoma in situ/atypical lobular hyperplasia (LCIS/ ALH) at a margin on initial BCT with 36% recurrence rate. Of the 38 cases: 5 (13%) were lost to follow-up, 12 (32%) had no further procedures performed and 21 (55%) had re-excision. Out of 21 patients who had re-excisions, 12 (57%) had residual invasive carcinoma or DCIS, three (14%) had pleomorphic LCIS and 4 (19%) showed residual classic type LCIS. 71% had significant residual disease (local recurrence) and 29% had no residual disease. A negative control group consisted of 38 cases. We found two patients with bone or brain metastasis and one local recurrence. Clinical follow up periods range from 1 to 109 months. Conclusions: LIN found at a margin on BCT showed a significant recurrent ipsilateral disease. Our study supports the view that LIN seen at the margin may play a role in recurrence. Background Foote and Stewart [1] initially described the entity "lobular carcinoma in situ" (LCIS) in 1941 and described it as a "precancerous" lesion. At that time, a diagnosis of LCIS was treated like a cancer by radical mastectomy. Haagenson et al [2] believed that the term "in situ" was a misnomer and preferred the term "lobular neoplasia" in 1978 because LCIS did not appear as a premalignant lesion but as a marker for increased risk for developing cancer. This notion was based on his observation that only 17% of 211 patients with LCIS developed invasive cancer with a mean follow-up time of 14 years, either ipsilateral and/or contralateral side of the breast. Subsequent studies of LCIS which included epidemiologic data have confirmed that LCIS is a risk factor and not an obligatory precursor lesion as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). There is controversy on the management when lobular neoplasia is found on the core needle biopsy whether to watch carefully or perform an excision. The presence of lobular intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN) at the surgical margin is frequently not reported as part of the pathology analysis as in DCIS or invasive cancer for BCT. When DCIS or invasive carcinoma is found at a surgical margin, re-excision and radiation therapy is the standard management. However, when LIN is found at a surgical margin, it is not routinely reported. No re-excision is done and radiation therapy is not recommended for LIN unless there is a concomitant invasive carcinoma or DCIS in BCT. * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. BOX 951732, 1P-244 CHS Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732 USA Apple et al. Diagnostic Pathology 2010, 5:54 http://www.diagnosticpathology.org/content/5/1/54 © 2010 Apple et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS) is known as a variant of LCIS which is negative for E-cadherin, supporting lobular differentiation. PLCIS may show central comedo necrosis and a higher nuclear grade resembling DCIS. PLCIS found at a margin has an increased recurrence rate when compared to classic LCIS. Hence it is recommended for re-excision when the surgical margins are involved with PLCIS on BCT. A study on PLCIS at a margin and radiation therapy has yet to be performed and further investigation needs to be done. Moreover, recent studies show that LCIS and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) share a similar genetic molecular biology. New research suggests that there is a genetic progression of LCIS to an invasive carcinoma and that the biologic significance of LCIS may be a "field effect" of this lesion for the development of invasive carcinoma [3-5]. With this new emerging evidence, there are increasing concerns regarding the biological significance of LCIS. The hypothesis is the presence of LCIS component associated with invasive carcinoma will increase the risk of local failure with breast conservation surgery, especially if LCIS is seen at the surgical margin. Since LIN at a margin is not mentioned routinely in pathology reports, it would be challenging to do any follow-up studies on the biological significance of LIN seen at margins. At our institution, however, margin assessment with LIN, both ALH and LCIS, has been routinely noted as the part of pathology report for the last 10 years. Reexcision was not mandatory if LIN was found at the surgical margins but left to each individual patient's decision based on a careful balanced discussion with the surgeon. Our hypothesis is that LIN is most likely not just a risk factor, but a precursor lesion to invasive cancer, and that LIN at the surgical margin may have a significantly higher recurrence rate over clear margins on BCT. The purpose of our study was to determine the recurrence rate of patients who had LIN at the margin after BCT at a single institution.


The overall picture of the regional legislative members competency both in the regency or in the city of Sukabumi to do their function in legislatory, budgetary, and supervisory showed very critical condition to be well fixed in immediate constructs. The intellectual capacity as well as the standard behavior and technical skills to produce local regulations are still pretty weak. Generally speaking the local legislative members knowledgebility about their three main tasks and functions which are to do with local economic development, local tax and retribution, also the creation of condusive business entrepreneurship climate, all of them have lommed to be very sluggish. More substancially, the mastery of basic competencies to do with the settlement of local budgeting and revenue planning are still being handycap. This research discusses the profile of those of three main synergetic competences of local legislative members in Sukabumi, both the city and the regency. The three main synergetic competences of that of local legislative members cover local-law-legislation, local-development-supervision, and local-budgeting. More specifically, those three main variables of legislative competence were also analyzed by using five parameters of competence which are technical, managerial, strategical, social, and ethical.


Sleep–wake disturbances are a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Atypical (non‐amnestic) AD syndromes have different patterns of cortical vulnerability to AD. We hypothesized that atypical AD also shows differential vulnerability in subcortical nuclei that will manifest as different patterns of sleep dysfunction.


. Variational methods are used to study a model of the deformation of a discontinuous Stieltjes string (a chain of strings held together by springs) located along the segment [ 0 , l ] . The model is described by the integro-differential equation − (cid:0) pu (cid:48) µ (cid:1) ( x ) + (cid:0) pu (cid:48) µ (cid:1) ( 0 ) + (cid:82) x 0 ud [ Q ] = F ( x ) − F ( 0 ) with derivatives with respect to the measure µ generated by a given strictly increasing function µ ( x ) on the segment [ 0 , l ] , where the function u ( x ) determines the deformation of the string, p ( x ) characterizes the elasticity of the string, the functions Q ( x ) and F ( x ) describe the elastic response of the external environment and the external load, respectively. The integral (cid:82) x 0 ud [ Q ] is understood in the generalized sense according to Stieltjes. We are looking for solutions u ( x ) in the class of µ –absolutely continuous functions on [ 0 , l ] , whose derivatives have bounded variation on [ 0 , l ] . We assume that one of the boundary conditions is nonlinear and has the form − p ( l − 0 ) u (cid:48) µ ( l − 0 ) − γ u ( l ) ∈ N [ − k , k ] u ( l ) , where N [ − k , k ] u ( l ) denotes the outward normal cone at the point u ( l ) to the segment [ − k , k ] . This condition arises due to the presence of the limiter [ − k , k ] on the motion of the elastically fixed right end of the string (by a spring with elasticity γ ) so that | u ( l ) | ≤ k . In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for the minimization of the energy functional of the Stieltjes string system are established, the critical loads at which the contact of the end of the string with the boundary points of the limiter occurs are determined, and the dependence of the solution on the length of the limiter is studied.


Purpose – This paper analyzes the effect of circular economy practices on firm performance for a circular supply chain and explores the moderating role that big-data-driven supply chain plays within these relationships. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses data collected through an online survey distributed to managers of 378 Italian firms that have adopted circular economy principles. The data are processed using multiple regression analysis. Findings – The results indicate that the three categories of circular economy practices investigated – namely circular economy supply chain management design, circular economy supply chain relationship management and circular economy HR management – play a crucial role in enhancing firm performance from a circular economy perspective. A big-data-driven supply chain acts as a moderator of the relationship between circular economy HR management and firm performance for a circular economy supply chain. Originality/value – This study makes a number of original contributions to research on circular economy practices in a big-data-driven supply chain and provides useful insights for practitioners. First, it answers the call to capture digital transformation trends and to extend research on sustainability in supply chain management. Second, it enhances the literature by investigating the relationships between three different kinds of circular economy supply chain practices and firm performance. Finally, it clarifies the moderating role of big data in making decisions and implementing circular supply chain solutions to achieve better environmental, social and economic benefits.


To start with the oil spill evaporation model of classic analysis method,its parameters,i.e.the initial boiling point temperature T0of oil spill and the distillation curve gradient TG,are amended.The ex-pressions respectively for the amended T0and TGare formulated,in which kinetic viscosity,asphalt,wax etc of the oil spill are considered and included.Furthermore,a constant Rwith its evaluated range,which is suitable in windless weather and applicable to the crude oil samples from the Jidong 32-6and Suizhong 36-1oil wells,is estimated for modifying the mass transfer coefficient K2in the model.It is shown in the preliminarily verified results that the calculated values from the improved model are consistent to the values determined in the laboratory.


Near-realtime seismic monitoring of fluid injection allowed control of induced earthquakes during the stimulation of a 6.1 km deep geothermal well near Helsinki, Finland. The stimulation was monitored in near-real time using a deep seismic borehole array and series of borehole stations. Earthquakes were processed within a few minutes and results informed a Traffic Light System (TLS). Using near-realtime information on induced-earthquake rates, locations, magnitudes, and evolution of seismic and hydraulic energy, pumping was either stopped or varied. This procedure avoided the nucleation of a project-stopping red alert at magnitude M2.1 induced earthquake, a limit set by the TLS and local authorities. Our recent studies show that the majority of EGS stimulation campaigns investigated reveal a clear linear relation between injected fluid volume, hydraulic energy and cumulative seismic moments suggesting extended time-spans during which induced seismicity evolution is pressure-controlled. For most projects studied, the observations are in good agreement with existing physical models that predict a relation between injected fluid volume and maximum seismic moment of induced events. Some EGS stimulations however reveal unbound increase in seismic moment suggesting that for these cases evolution of seismicity is mainly controlled by stress field, the size of tectonic faults and fault connectivity. Transition between the two states may occur at any time during injection, or not at all. Monitoring and trafficlight systems used during stimulations need to account for the possibility of unstable rupture propagation from the very beginning of injection by observing the entire seismicity evolution in near-real-time and at high resolution could possibly provide a successful physics-based approach in reducing seismic hazard from stimulation-induced seismicity in geothermal projects.


This paper questions some of the continuing effects of the dominant theoretical construction of domestic violence in the light of the recent Keys Young report to National Crime Prevention. A re- examination is made of patriarchy as the dominant theoretical underpinning and some of the consequences for service delivery and policy development are explored. Is it necessarily the case that we have now got our understanding and subsequent intervention strategies right and that all that is needed is a consolidation of the ideas and the tightening of funding arrangements? (author abstract)


Despite awareness that a pneumatic tube system may be utilized for the transport of microbiologic specimens, our survey of 50 Florida hospitals revealed that none of them uses such a tube system for this purpose. A "rapid specimen delivery system" using a pneumatic tube system for transport of microbiologic specimens has been in continuous operation in our hospital for the past four years. The system employs low-cost disposable Whirl-Pac Bags (Scientific Products, McGaw Park, IL) as the only special expenditure and provides a cost saving when compared to the manpower needs of a messenger system and the cost of transport media. With the "rapid specimen delivery system," not only do specimens arrive within minutes of collection, but the elimination of large numbers of samples arriving in the laboratory at one time also facilitates rapid and orderly processing of specimens. The proper utilization of the pneumatic tube system represents a major advance in the microbiology laboratory in that it places the technologist virtually at the patient's bedside. It has proven to be a rapid, safe and inexpensive method, and its use is encouraged.


Audio signals are representations of sounds with a mixture of multiple analog signals between the frequency of 20Hz to 20,000Hz. To record snippets of audio data onto a mobile phone or computer, the signal needs to be converted to a digital format. For this purpose, many devices utilize a converter, specifically a sigma-delta modulator with a digital filter. By using a converter, electronics can receive binary data about the audio signal accurately and quickly without losing important signal information. This project aims to simulate a fully functional audio converter with a sigma-delta modulator and decimation filter. The system will receive any analog signal between 20Hz and 22.05kHz while being oversampled at 2.8224MHz with a 64 oversampling ratio value, meaning the sampling frequency is 44.1kHz. As a result, the system will be outputting a corresponding digital 6-bit binary value at the rate of 44.1kHz. This whole system will be running on a +/- 5V power supply. While this project concentrates on the simulation of the device using some real components and Verilog-A, the programmed components can be replaced with real electronic components to create a fully operational VLSI converter design.


Evaluation in non-factoid question answering tasks generally takes the form of computation of automatic metric scores for systems on a sample test set of questions against human-generated reference answers. Conclusions drawn from the scores produced by automatic metrics inevitably lead to important decisions about future directions. Metrics commonly applied include ROUGE, adopted from the related field of summarization, BLEU and Meteor, both of the latter originally developed for evaluation of machine translation. In this paper, we pose the important question, given that question answering is evaluated by application of automatic metrics originally designed for other tasks, to what degree do the conclusions drawn from such metrics correspond to human opinion about system-generated answers? We take the task of machine reading comprehension (MRC) as a case study and to address this question, provide a new method of human evaluation developed specifically for the task at hand.


The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally the material strength and tensile deformation behavior of highly ductile high-strength cement composites reinforced by synthetic fibers. Materials and mixture proportions were designed to make composites with a strength level of 80 MPa in compression. Two kinds of polyethylene fibers with different properties were employed as reinforcing fibers. A series of experiments on density, compressive strength, and deformation performance was performed. Experimental results showed that the tensile behavior and cracking patterns of cement composite strongly depends on the types of reinforcing fibers. It was also demonstrated that the cement composite with a compressive strength of 77.7 MPa and a tensile strain capacity of 7.9% can be manufactured by using a proper polyethylene fiber.


In this paper we attempt to create a rule-based approach to determine if two words in a Dutch sentence contain a split error (i.e. it is incorrectly split up, as opposed to being compounded). Since compounding is ultimately based on a set of rules, any algorithm that can correctly determine the exact function of a word in a sentence should be able to apply these rules to output a properly compounded word consisting of the two words which were previously written as two split-up words. The main issues that need to be dealt with in applying such a rule-based approach is correctly parsing a sentence which features a split error (and is therefore not grammatically correct), and applying the proper compounding rules, such as determining which letters should be inserted between the two compounded words to properly compound them. This paper seeks to produce an algorithm that can be used to reduce the amount of split errors that get approved by existing spell checkers, and hopes to provide a new approach that could be applied to spell checkers to more accurately detect and correct this type of error.


Purpose – The purpose of this empirical study was to introduce the theory of corporate heritage stewardship by focussing on the nascent corporate heritage identity domain. In particular, the research explores managers' collective understanding of their organisation's corporate heritage and how the latter is marshalled, and strategically represented, by them. The case study was undertaken in Great Britain's oldest extant brewery. Established in 1698, Shepherd Neame is one of UK's oldest companies. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical research informed by a theory-building, case study using qualitative data. This study draws on multiple sources of data generated through semi-structured interviews, the analysis of documents and non-participant observations. The analysis of data was facilitated by a multi-stage coding process and a prolonged hermeneutic interaction between data, emerging concepts and extant literature. Findings – Corporate heritage identity stewardship theory argues that the strategic enac...


An early phase of treatment limited to orthopedic change as well as the elimination of injurious oral habits makes possible a nonextraction, nonsurgical approach to treatment. Although careful timing and excellent cooperation are essential, it is hard to fault the long-term results of this treatment plan.


multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques to improve the robustness and performance of wireless links. Here, the term multiple-input multiple-output refers to the use of an array of antennas for both transmitting and receiving. MIMO approaches show promise of enabling better wireless communications because they mitigate problems inherent in ground-to-ground links, which are the most common links used by wireless devices, including cell phones and WiFi. Typically, ground-to-ground links are not line of sight. The electromagnetic waves transmitted from the antennas bounce around the environment in a complicated fashion and end up at the receiver coming from multiple directions and with varying delays. The effect produced by the direction/delay interactions is referred to as multipath, a condition that must be accommodated by ground-to-ground systems. With the use of MIMO communication techniques [1], multipath need not be a hindrance and can be exploited to increase potential data rates and simultaneously improve the robustness of the links (Figure 1). Increased military and commercial dependence on wireless communication has intensified the need for more robust links. For example, the lack of adequately robust, reliable links has limited the usefulness of remotely controlled robots in military environments. More is also being asked of the links in terms of flexibility of use and higher data rates. Furthermore, ad hoc wireless networks, which are inevitably becoming integrated into military and commercial applications, require more robust, flexible, and higher-data-rate links. Lincoln Laboratory is pushing the limits of MIMO technology, developing record-setting space-time codes. Spacetime codes describe what is transmitted by the array of transmitters in a MIMO communication link [2]. These Tech Notes www.ll.mit.edu September 2008


The development of a neutron detector for real-time measurements in an intense neutron field is desired. We are developing a quartz optical-fiber-based neutron detector as a real-time neutron monitor. Thus far, Eu:LiCaAlF6 crystals and LiF/Eu:CaF2 eutectics have been used as the scintillators of the quartz optical-fiber-based neutron detectors. These scintillators have high light yields, but relatively long decay time constants, which are the limiting factors for the dynamic range of optical-fiber-based neutron detectors. In this work, we applied a small Li glass scintillator to a quartz optical-fiber-based neutron detector using an optical fiber with high numerical aperture and a UV-curable resin with high transmittance. The fabricated detector showed a clear peak corresponding to neutron events in the pulse height distribution. The radiation resistance was evaluated and no deterioration was observed up to 2 × 1012 n/cm2. The detector output linearity was confirmed up to 450 kcps, which was about ten times larger than that of the detector using the conventional Eu:LiCaAlF6 or LiF/Eu:CaF2 scintillator.


How does the experience of flow among nurses influences their health? This question is addressed on the basis of a model of flow, stress, burnout, and coping. The results indicate that promoting flow can be a way to enhance the health of ward nurses in a hospital work context.


A mesogenic Schiff-base, N,N′-di-(4-decyloxysalicylidene)-1′,4′-diaminobutane, (H2L) that exhibits smectic-B and nematic mesophases, was synthesized and its structure studied by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, NMR & IR techniques. H2L, upon condensation with hydrated lanthanide(III) nitrates yields LnIII complexes of the composition [Ln2(LH2)3(NO3)4](NO3)2, where LnIII = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho. The PrIII complex shows smectic-A and nematic phases. The IR and NMR spectral data imply a bidentate bonding of H2L in zwitterionic form (as LH2) to the LnIII ions through two phenolate oxygen atoms, rendering the overall geometry of the complexes possibly to distorted mono-capped octahedra.


Hybrid semiconductor nanowire (NW) heterostructures are an ideal playground for cutting‐edge optoelectronic nanodevices. Among the several synthesis methods, Plateau–Rayleigh (PR) crystal growth is an effective route for producing decorated NWs with unprecedented properties. However, lateral variations in composition and/or crystal structure are postulated to play a central role in their optical response, but it is difficult to probe correlatively the elemental order, atomic organization, and light emission on length scales of tens to hundreds of nanometers. Usually, electron microscopies are applied to address the formation of clusters and imperfections in representative cross sections of the samples. Herein, a simultaneous spatially resolved nano‐analysis of the crystal symmetry, chemical composition, and optical properties of a whole Zn2GeO4/SnO2 NW heterostructure produced by PR instability is provided. The observations show the connection among Zn impurities, secondary phases, and asymmetrically distributed UV emissions present in the crystallites decorating the NW (Zn‐doped Sn1−xGexO2). The contributions of the elemental diffusion, crystal domains, and atomic site configurations to the light‐emission phenomena are disentangled in these hybrid architectures. The findings elucidate unknown underlying mechanisms that are critical to tailor emergent properties for rationally designing novel complex nanodevices based on 1D materials.


The impact of simulated embodied agent emotion has been explored in short-term studies, but no work to date has examined its impact in longer interactions that involve multiple interactions with agents. We present an embodied agent (Rachael) that simulates a health professional and attempts to help people improve their fruit and vegetable consumption. Emotional and unemotional versions of
the agent were developed to examine how user perceptions of the agent changed over an intervention
period of 49 days and in turn how this influenced fruit and vegetable consumption. Results found that whilst participants consumed more daily portions of fruit and vegetables over the intervention period and reduced their consumption gains post-intervention, there was no significant difference in consumption gains over time between those who interacted with the emotional or unemotional agents. Qualitative feedback, however, highlighted a strong preference for the emotional agent. A novelty effect was also observed where the agents were perceived more positively initially and less so over
time.


Based on GaoFen-5 remote sensing satellite, the satellite and ground synchronous monitoring experiment of water depth in the Yangtze Estuary was carried out, and the satellite and ground monitoring data required for modeling were obtained. The hyperspectral inversion model of water depth parameters is established by using function fitting method, and the output effect of the optimized model is given.


Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures represent 1% of all fractures; with a distribution between men and women of two to one, being more frequent between 30 and 50 years of age. They generally occur in high energy accidents and associated with other injuries. These fractures can be challenging when they occur concomitantly with a ligament injury. Objective: To identify the prevalence of knee ligament instability in postoperative patients with a Schatzker II-VI tibial plateau fracture. Material and methods: All patients with inclusion criteria were identified, the physical and electronic files were searched, the patient was contacted by telephone and the outpatient department was summoned for their assessment by means of Physical examination and questioning of the different study variables to assess whether there was any type of ligament instability. Results: A total of 45 patients were included as the final sample size. Where it was observed that 75% of the patients present clinical data on the prevalence of knee ligament instability. Conclusion: Patients with postoperative schatzker II-VI tibial plateau fracture present with knee ligament instability.


"Student-centered" concept in British schools is embodied in the following aspects: Students' needs and development should be taken into consideration in curriculum designing;Difference among students should be respected and concerned and delaminating teaching should be carried out;Students capability development should be taken care of in campus culture building;Communication with students should be emphasized;Students engaged in schools affairs should be encouraged and how to exert students' mastership-effect should be paid attention to.


A comparative study is presented of a number of commercial CAD package analyses of 4 microstrip patch antennas. Predicted results are compared to measurements, and comparisons of computer run-time are presented. Three techniques to measure the dielectric constant of substrates are also presented.


The 19th annual Improving University Teaching Conference will be held July 4-7 at the University of Maryland, College Park campus. This international forum focuses on the improvement of teaching and learning in higher education and brings together both faculty and administrators along with public officials and representatives from the business world. The IUT conference recognizes that the world expects more than ever from higher education and seeks to sound a wake-up call to remind the international higher education community that the success of higher education begins with excellence in teaching and learning. For more information contact: Improving University Teaching, University of Maryland University College, University Boulevard at Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20742-1659.


Drugs in a crystalline state are preferably used due to their physicochemical stability [1]. Around 70% of the drug candidates to be newly available drugs have low solubility, which can compromise bioavailability and, consequently, product development [2]. Therefore, amorphous phases have become more attractive to the industry field as a promising strategy to improve solubility. The amorphous structure can be defined as a long-range tridimensional molecular packing loss. Compared to its crystalline counterpart, the amorphous can have higher inner energy that can increase the drug solubility, dissolution rate, and extension, improving the final formulation bioavailability. Several processes can be used to reach the drug's amorphous structure, such as solvent evaporation, melting-cooling, lyophilization, and ball-milling. However, the amorphous drug metastability can induce structure recrystallization, which can be a problem [3]. Furthermore, different amorphization processes can promote local molecular packing variations yielding changes in the properties. Herein, we combined the pair distribution function (PDF) and Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) methods with data from a high-resolution diffractometer (model STADI-P, STOE ® ) equipped with a MoK  1 source, available at the "Laboratory of Crystallography and Structural Characterization of Materials" (LCCEM) at the Federal University of ABC, Santo André -SP, Brazil to analyze crystalline drugs under amorphization process. By the results, we could identify the amorphization mechanisms when using ball-mill and solvent evaporation process for different drugs, which can be induced by displacing O-O and O-H correlations (molecule distortions) as well as variations in hydrogen bonds. In both cases,


Several iterative finite element methods are analyzed for a steady‐state double‐diffusive natural convection model, which contains the diffusion of temperature and concentration and can simulate heat and mass transfer phenomena. These iterations include the Stokes‐type, Newton‐type, and Oseen‐type iterative methods. Then, based on the uniqueness condition, stability and convergence of these iterative methods are proved for the considered model. Finally, some numerical examples are presented for validating the correctness of the theoretical analysis.


This paper suggests that the software engineering community could exploit simulation to much greater advantage. There are several reasons for this. First, the Office of the Secretary of Defense has indicated that simulation will play a significant role in the acquisition of defense-related systems to cut costs, improve reliability and bring systems into operation more rapidly. Second, there many areas where simulation can be applied to support software development and acquisition. Such areas include requirements specification, process improvement, architecture trade-off analysis and software testing practices. Third, commercial simulation technology, capable of supporting software development needs is now mature, is easy to use, is of low cost and is readily available. Computer-based simulation at various abstraction levels of the system/software under test can serve as a efficient test oracle, as described in this paper, too. Simulation-based (stochastic) experiments, combined with optimized design-of-experiment plans, in our case study, have shown a minimum productivity increase of 100 times in comparison to current practice without M&S deployment.


Nitrogen deposition is one of the hot topics of global climate changes. In this study, effects of simulated nitrogen deposition with three different levels on the seedling growth and allelopathic potential of exotic invasion plant Spartina alterniflora were evaluated in laboratory. The results showed that both low and high concentration of nitrogen deposition significantly increased the biomass accumulation of the above-ground and below-ground parts of S. alterniflora. Its above-ground biomass under the two nitrogen deposition treatments was increased by 161.15% and 120.20%, respectively. And the below-ground biomass was increased by 128.43% and 71.06%, respectively. The leaf area and leaf weight were also increased by nitrogen deposition treatment, which would promote S. alterniflora to enhance the ability of resource capture and utilization. The water extracts of the roots and leaves of S. alterniflora under different nitrogen deposition treatments inhibited the seed germination rate and root length of Lactuca sativa. At the same concentrations of water extracts, the synthetic allelopathic effects of S. alterniflora under the low nitrogen deposition treatment were always stronger than those under high nitrogen deposition treatment and no nitrogen application. The synthetic allelopathic effects of leaves and roots reached the maximum when their water extract concentrations were 0.02 g·m L~(-1) and 0.04 g·m L~(-1) respectively under the low nitrogen deposition treatment. The above-mentioned measurement records of S. alterniflora under the high nitrogen deposition were not altogether superior to those under low nitrogen deposition, which may suggest that S. alterniflora growing under the high nitrogen deposition level would not be in nitrogen limited condition. As global nitrogen deposition elevation is a gradual process, ecological control and management of S. alterniflora will be more urgent under present nitrogen deposition condition.


The invention provides a method for rendering a page frame by a WEB primary layout and a device of the method. The method comprises the following steps of: loading a webpage to a document object model (DOM) to complete the construction; rewriting the structure of a DOM node in the webpage to generate a control piece, wherein the step of rewriting is performed on the basis of the information of the DOM node; reading the original layout information of the DOM node; and filling the layout information of the rewritten DOM node to set the layout of the control piece, wherein the step of filling the layout information of the rewritten DOM node is performed on the basis of the original layout information of the DOM node and according to a preset layout consistency filling strategy. The page frame is rendered by the method of the invention, the control piece can have a higher-level function on the basis of the original DOM node under the condition that the rendering of the page frame is successful, and the information of the original DOM node also can be kept under the condition that the rendering of the page frame is failing, so that the user experience is greatly improved, the consistency of the layout before rendering the page frame and after rendering the page frame is further guaranteed, and the page frame rendering efficiency is improved.


High powered anchor handling tug supply (AHTS) ships call for a flexible and efficient propulsion system throughout the entire power range. Wartsila has developed a new hybrid propulsion system for different designs of AHTS.


The report focuses on some features of communication. The author attempted to identify the main approaches to the definition of communication as a social process. Taking the integrative approach, analyzes the communication practices of young sociologists in the facebook network, identifying positive side of social interaction and some difficulties sociologists faced by in the interpretation of cultural meanings in the virtual space.


To observe the reversing effect on multidrug resistance(MDR)by erythromycin in tumors of the head and neck(carcinoma of the lip,nasopharyngeal carcinoma,thyroid anaplastic carcinoma).The expression of P glycoprotein(P gp)was determined by immunohistochemistry SP way in tumors of the head and neck.The P gp positives cases were randomly divided into two groups.They included carcinoma of the lip 19 cases,nasopharyngeal carcinoma 30 cases and thyroid anaplastic carcinoma 10 cases.(1)chemotherapy and erythromycin(test group),(2)chemotherapy alone(control group).CR and PR in the test group(70%) were higher than that in control group(22.2%)on the carcinoma of the lip,P0.05;CR and PR in the test group(72.7%)were higher than that in control group(47.4%) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma,P0.05;CR and PR in the test group(3/5)were higher than that in control group(2/5)on the thyroid anaplastic carcinoma.[Conclusion]Erythromycin is very effective for the reversal of MDR in the tumors of the head and neck.It is worth to be recommended for clinical use.


The present paper describes the basic structure and technological architecture of the remote equipment diagnosis system and discusses application of the network technology,distributed database and distributed compute technology in the trouble diagnosis system of the equipment.


This study aims to determine and analyze the safety culture (knowledge, attitude towards regulations, personality, availability of equipment, training, and motivation) that affect the compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) of workers at the Water Laboratory of PT Unilab Perdana, South Jakarta. The research method used is quantitative with an explanatory format. The population of this study were 17 workers in the water laboratory of PT Unilab Perdana, South Jakarta. The sampling technique is a saturated sample, that is, all members of the population are used as samples. The research sample was 17 workers in the water laboratory of PT Unilab Perdana, South Jakarta. The research data collection technique used a questionnaire on compliance with the use of PPE on workers as the dependent variable and knowledge, attitude towards regulations, personality, availability of equipment, training, motivation as independent variables. Data analysis used simple correlation regression, t test, and coefficient of determination. The results showed that safety culture had a positive and significant effect on compliance with the use of PPE. The results of the t-test for tcount are greater than ttable, namely 3.493 > 2.109 at = 0.05 and 2.898 at = 0.01. This means that the correlation coefficient of safety culture on compliance with the use of PPE is significant. The coefficient of determination of the influence of safety culture on compliance with the use of PPE is obtained from the R square value of 0.449. So 44.9% of the variance in safety culture can be explained by the variable of compliance with the use of PPE. From the results of hypothesis testing, the findings show that safety culture has a positive and significant effect on compliance with the use of PPE. This means, the higher the safety culture, the higher the compliance with the use of PPE. Based on these findings, it can be concluded, if you want to improve compliance with the use of PPE, then the safety culture needs to be improved as well.


This paper describes the numerical simulation of 2D, two-phase flow of water and oil on a pore-scale model (with a total dimension 40 mm x 40 mm x 0.05 mm). The main challenge of this study is the calibration of such micro scale model to established fluid flow equations found in industry standard simulators. Minute flow rate and pressure change conditions across the model challenges the accuracy of a numerical solution. Rigorous sensitivity analysis was performed to understand the influence of rock and fluid properties in an attempt to match pressure and flow rate measured at laboratory experiment. Three different approaches using various heterogeneity parameters were applied in the simulation process. In order to attain the fluid saturation match, an image analysis tool1 was utilized to calculate the fluid saturation in each grid of the model during the injection process. This simulation study shows that fluid flow equation in commercial simulators could be used to with some degree of confidence to solve pore scale problems. High accuracy of input data such as saturation function curves and water compressibility is of utmost importance to reproduce the pressure behavior in a model of this dimension.


We consider a single server Markovian queue with two types of customers;
positive and negative, where positive customers arrive in batches and arrivals of negative customers remove positive customers in batches. Only
positive customers form a queue and negative customers just reduce the
system congestion by removing positive ones upon their arrivals. We derive the LSTs of sojourn time distributions for a single server Markovian
queue with positive customers and negative customers by using the first
passage time arguments for Markov chains.


The Kepler Mission uses a wide field-of-view telescope to photometrically monitor 100,000 main-sequence stars for evidence of planetary transits. Because of the large number of stars monitored and because the mission is designed with a precision (0.002%) sufficient to readily recognize Earth-size planets transiting solar-like stars, several hundred Earth-size planets should be found. Based on the the Dopper velocity observations that find 2% of the main-sequence stars have Jupiter-size planets in short-period orbits, the Kepler mission is also expected to detect about 2000 giant planets. Several questions about the association of planet types and stellar characteristics can be investigated. For example; Are small planets found when Jupiter-mass planets are also present in inner orbits? What is the frequency of small planets compared to Jupiter-mass planets? What is the frequency and distribution of planets intermediate in size and mass to that of Earth and Jupiter? What correlations exist between planet size, distribution, and frequency with the characteristics of the stars they orbit? A comparison between model predictions and observation should be a useful step in evolving better models of planetary system formation and help put the formation of our Solar System in perspective.


Discussion T h e structure c o n s i s t s o f layers parallel ( 0 1 0 ) w h i c h are alternate ly bui l t u p by h y d r o x y l a m m o n i u m ca t ions a n d antiparallel a l i g n e d su l fani l i c a n i o n s . T h e const i tutents o f t h e layers are m a i n l y l i n k e d by i o n i c interact ions and b y h y d r o g e n bonds . O n e h y d r o g e n a t o m o f e a c h a m i n e g r o u p and all h y d r o g e n a t o m s o f the h y d r o x y l a m m o n i u m ion are i n v o l v e d in the n e t w o r k o f h y d r o g e n b o n d s character ized by donor -acceptor d i s t a n c e s in the range 2 . 6 2 6 À 3 . 0 8 7 À and D H A ang le s o f about 1 7 0 ° . Table 1. Data collection and handling.


CPAL is a new language to model, simulate, verify and program Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). CPAL serves to describe both the functional behaviour of activities (i.e., the code of the function itself) as well as the functional architecture of the system (i.e., the set of functions, how they are activated, and the data flows among the functions). CPAL is meant to support two use-cases. Firstly, CPAL is a development and design-space exploration environment for CPS with main features being the formal description, the editing, graphical representation and simulation of CPS models. Secondly, CPAL is a real-time execution platform. The vision behind CPAL is that a model is executed and verified in simulation mode on a workstation and the same model can be later run on an embedded board with a timing-equivalent run-time behaviour. The design and development of CPAL have been organized around a set of realistic case-studies that will be demonstrated during the demonstration session. The CPAL case studies and experiments are inspired from the research and teaching carried out at University of Luxembourg, and RTAW's projects with partner and customer companies.


summary, the presence in the 1 13-nucleotide RNAof the3'-terminal hydroxyl group ofIVS1, the absenceof a modifiedoligonucleotide containing the branchpoint andthe appearance ofthis RNA at late times during the splicing reaction suggest that a small amount oftheIVS1 lariat is converted to its debranch-ed linear counterpart in the course ofthe splicing reaction.Fractionation ofsplicing anddebranching activitiesRuskinandGreen(1985a) suggestedthat anenzyme catalyzing the debranching reaction might alsobeinvolvedin putative trans- esterifications leading to the formation oflariats. Since the de-branching activity is found in both nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts (Ruskin and Green, 1985a) probably it is partially lostfrom the nuclei during extract preparation, as shownabove for components involved in pre-mRNAsplicing. To test the hypo- thesis that the debranching enzyme is associated with an activityrequired for splicing, fractions obtained during the purification of a splicing factor from


Summary.

Freshly harvested apricots, plums, and peaches in crates containing 5–20kg were hydrocooled in flowing water at 1°C and 50mms-1. The cooling parameters: lag factor, cooling coefficient, and time to half-cool, determined from the exponential decline in the dimensionless ratio of temperature differences between fruit centre and coolant temperature at time t and at zero time, varied somewhat with crate load. Increasing the load from 5 to 20kg increased the time to half-cool apricots by 17% and plums and peaches by 39%.


Aims: For prevention and management of type II diabetes among rice eating population, consumption of rice with lower Glycemic Index (GI) is highly desirable as low GI food decreases plasma glucose levels and plasma insulin demand. As there is paucity of information on the GIs of commonly consumed rice varieties in India, the aim of this study was to determine GI of selected five rice varieties, and to find relationship of GI with their cooking and eating quality traits. Study Design, Place and Duration: In vivo experiment was conducted at PG&RC, PJTS Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India, during March, 2017 to February, 2018. During this period, cooking and eating quality traits of selected rice varieties were determined in ICARIndian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India. Methodology: GIs were determined by feeding10 fasted human subjects a fixed portion of foods and subsequently measuring plasma glucose of their blood samples at specific interval of time and GIs were calculated using standard formula. Cooking and eating quality traits were determined using standard procedure. Results: The estimated GI values were 56.38(SEM 1.57), 59.23(SEM 1.02), 71.73 (SEM 1.75), 87.40 (SEM 1.90), and 94.05 (SEM 1.21), respectively for Sampada, Dhanrasi, DRR Dhan 42, DRR Original Research Article Azam et al.; IRJPAC, 21(24): 137-146, 2020; Article no.IRJPAC.64441 138 Dhan 43, and Jarava. Alkali spreading value (ASV), Gel consistency (GC), and Water uptake (WU) values of these five varieties ranged from 4 to 6, 22 mm to 54.5 mm, and 80 ml/ 100 g to 255 ml/100 g, respectively. Conclusion: Two varieties were identified with moderate GI values (Sampada, 56.38 ± 1.57; Dhanrasi, 59.23± 1.02). These varieties can prove to be a healthier option to incorporate in nutritional therapeutic diet. It is also concluded that lower ASV, higher GC, and lower WU, are good predictors for lower GIs of rice varieties. These relationships may be used for screening of low GI rice cultivars in breeding programme.


Aperture synthesis imaging provides a way to overcome the ambiguities which often exist in the interpretation of single-baseline interferometric visibility measurements. The mid-infrared imager MATISSE (Multi AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment), which was proposed to ESO as a second-generation VLTI instrument, is designed to combine up to four 8.2 m VLTI UTs or 1.8 m ATs while simultaneously providing a high spectroscopic resolution. To demonstrate that MATISSE will allow high-quality interferometric imaging within realistic observation time constraints, we performed an image reconstruction study, for which we simulated the uv-coverage achievable in 3, 5, or 7 nights with 3 or 4 telescopes. As input image for our studies, a protostellar disk image was simulated with the radiative transfer code MC3D1 . From the simulated visibilities and closure phases, we derived aperture synthesis images using the Building Block algorithm2 . The main features of the disk image could be reconstructed in the presence of noise and assuming the sparse uv-coverage achievable within just 3 nights of observations.


In approaching the topic of women in African traditional religions, several methodological issues immediately arise: how to define religion, how to sample religious systems, and how to cope with fragmentary information. Each of these issues demands a rather arbitrary decision which implies that any analysis based upon such decisions must be considered suggestive rather than conclusive. If one defines religion as beliefs and practices associated with spiritual beings, one is likely to neglect important ritual domains dealing with status transformations that involve great and lengthy ceremony but rarely notions of transcendental beings. Moreover, such ritual situations of status transformation frequently involve women in important ritual responsibilities. Consequently, I begin with a Tylorian definition of religion as concern with spiritual beings in discussing religious norms and ideals for women, and move to a more extensive consideration of ritual in my analysis of religious organization and practice. In considering traditional sub-Saharan African religious systems for study, one is confronted not only by the multiplicity of potential units of study but by the diversity in societal complexity ranging from the Southwestern San bands to the Western Sudanic empires. In selecting societies for study, I decided to use Robert M. Marsh's index of social differentiation. 2 Within sub-Saharan Africa, Marsh classi1 This paper was originally prepared for the Wellesley Conference on Women and Development, held at Wellesley College in June 1976. I am grateful to the Radcliffe Institute for support and to Carol Troyer-Shank for assistance while writing the paper. 2 Robert M. Marsh, Comparative sociology. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World 1967, 329-365. Marsh's index of social differentiation in preindustrial societies is based on George P. Murdock's classification of social stratification and population size of the political unit. In the "World Ethnographic Sample" (American Anthropologist 59, 1957, 664-687), "Murdock coded each society according to five categories for each variable." Marsh assigns numerical scores to each of Murdock's categories ranging from o to 4, or from least to most differentiated. Marsh's "Index of Differentiation score for any given society in Murdock's sample is the sum of its score for population size of the political unit and its score for social stratification."


This paper deals with the existence and properties of the demand correspondence when agents' preferences are pseudotransitive. It is shown that a consumption plan belongs to the demand mapping if and only if it is a maximizer of a real-valued weak utility function. Further properties, as hemicontinuity and convex-valuedness of the demand mapping, are also analyzed.


To find an acceptable level of reliability in distribution systems, cost-benefit analysis using customer interruption costs can be applied. In a case study of a test distribution system, investment in cables instead of overhead lines, aimed to increase reliability, is investigated. In addition to considering average values of reliability indices, tools for risk analysis in the financial industry, value-at-risk (VaR) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), are also used for the evaluation. Applying these tools allows for extreme events to be given more weight in the investment decision-making process. Even though these kind of events are very infrequent, the consequences are devastating and extreme cases should be included in cost-benefit analysis. By the help of VaR and CVaR the case study shows that cables can cause higher customer interruption costs for some load points in the system during extreme years.


This study examines the complementarities between the theoretical economics of transaction costs (TCE) and the resource-based view ( RBV), especially regarding ( i ) asset specificity and ( ii ) the lack of resources available in companies and how these are used to generate competitive advantage . We conducted a qualitative study of multiple cases in the confectioneries segment, mainly because this segment is recognized for its low occurrence of specific assets and for the scarcity of strategic resources. This facilitated the analysis in terms of data volume (goods and resources) and understanding the companies. It was found that even when operating in a segment of low asset specificity, confections are able to implement strategies to maintain the company. They feature strategic resources sets developed throughout the history of each organization, which are mobilized to produce specific assets for each.


Implementing quantum-inspired algorithms on classical computers suffers trade-off between the necessity of saving operational memory and the amount of memory necessary to fully represent a quantum state with possible entanglement. The latter is well known to consume the memory exponentially in the number of qubits. This paper sketches out the idea on how to reduce significantly the amount of necessary memory while distorting the entanglement moderately or not at all. At present, considered are real nonnegative probability amplitudes.


The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) of Chinese herb medicine Scutellaria to seven pathogens in aquatic animals were determined in vitro to develop a new Chinese herbal medicine for aquatic animals by discagar diffusion method.The MIC's of Vibrio anguillarum,Aeromonas hydrophila,V.parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be 15.63 mg/ml,and the MBC 31.25 mg/ml,15.63 mg/ml,31.25 mg/ml and 31.25 mg/ml.Compared with the four pathogens above,Scutellaria was shown to have weaker anterbacterial activities for the rest pathogens,with the MIC of 31.25 mg/ml for Escherichia coli,62.5 mg/ml for A.sobria and 31.25 mg/ml for V.harveyi,and the MBC of 62.5 mg/ml for E.coli,62.5 mg/ml for A.sobria and 125 mg/ml for V.harveyi.


Accepted for publication 6 October 1998 In the United Kingdom, levels of physical activity in the general population are low1 and there is great potential for improving public health by promoting physical activity.2 To achieve this health professionals need to have a good understanding of the principal barriers that operate and, in a UK study of people aged 16-74 years these included lack of time or rec reational facilities, poor motivation, and ill health.1 Barriers vary by age13 and social class3 but knowledge of variation with other measures of socioeconomic position is scarce. We studied the relation between perceived barriers to physical activity, socioeconomic position, and other social characteristics in men and women aged 16-74 years. Methods Data for this study come from the Newcastle Health and Lifestyle Survey,4 which was a postal survey of a 1 in 30 sample, stratified by age and sex, of 6448 adults aged 16-74 years identified from the Family Health Services Authority register. Between October 1991 and March 1992 a self completion questionnaire was used to collect data on health related behaviours, socioeconomic position, health status, and knowledge and attitudes to health issues. With respect to physical activity re spondents were asked if they did enough exer cise for someone of their age and those who answered "no" were asked to identify perceived barriers from a list of eight commonly reported


Students have far cry varieties of stresses like the burden of academic, future is risky and questionable and problem of mesh or integrated into system. The students may also sometime face communal or social problems, sentimental and family problems that affects their learning skill and academic achievement. Too many stress can originate physical and intellectual health problems and cut down student's self-respect, confidence and will affect students schooling achievement. In this research different stresses i.e. examination, political, financial problems and law and order have conducted to check their influence on student performance.


Background  In southern Cameroon, 40–50% of individuals born before 1945 have antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV), suggesting massive iatrogenic transmission of at least one blood‐borne virus in the region of the world where SIVcpz emerged into HIV‐1.


This paper applies mathematical modelling techniques to explores the problems of long-term venture capital funding of start-up companies. We propose a novel approach to the use of traditional methods to evaluate the efficiency of venture investment. We develop mathematical models to assess the systemic risk of innovation activity of these companies in the longterm.


A 34-year-old man was referred to our Department to evaluate the presence of a pruritic eruption. The clinical history revealed that the lesions had developed on his buttocks one week earlier and had then spread to involve the trunk and limbs. The physical examination revealed multiple, follicular papules and pustules with a marked erythematous border, 3 to 4 mm in diameter, on the trunk (Fig. 1). A few [...]


This paper presents the design and development of a wireless smart brewery controller. The controller is designed to be implemented in breweries with resistive heating elements of up to 3000 watts. By utilizing Bluetooth Smart, the brewery can be remotely controlled from an Android application, with the possibility of adding recipes with ingredients, notifications, and parameter adjustments while brewing. The system has been integrated in a 27-liter kettle to demonstrate usability. A complete prototype is made and tested, in making different flavors of beers.


Eight antagonistic bacteria which showed suppress to take-all pathogen(Gaeumannomyces graminis) were isolated form wheat rhizosphere soil.And all of these bacteria obviously inhibited 4 soil-borne disease pathogens(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum,F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum,F.oxysporum f. sp.vasinfectum) in laboratory.They were identified as Bacillus by its cultural morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics.Six of these strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis based on 16SrDNA sequence,which shared 99% homologies with published sequence form GenBank.


The automotive audio system is considered as a new trend in the field of audio industry. Acoustic environment of cabin is a challenging problem, which makes tuning crucial. Traditionally, tuning has relied on subjective listening by audio engineers, the process of which can last for several months. This study proposes an objective evaluation method for spatial audio in vehicles, which utilizes acoustic measurement and signal processing techniques to evaluate the spatial perception of automotive audio accurately. This method requires minimal number of equipment and costs few measurement time, thus reducing the workload of audio engineers. Subjective experiments have validated that this method effectively reflects subjective auditory experiences.


Purpose
This paper aims to determine the optimum set of temperatures through correlation study to attain the most effective capillary flow of underfill in a multi-stack ball grid array (BGA) chip device.

Design/methodology/approach
Finite volume method is implemented in the simulation. A three-layer multi-stack BGA is modeled to simulate the underfill flow. The simulated models were well validated with the previous experimental work on underfill process.

Findings
The completion filling time shows high regression R-squared value of up to 0.9918, which indicates a substantial acceleration on the underfill process because of incorporation of thermal delta. An introduction of 11 °C thermal delta to the multi-stacks BGA managed to reduce the filling time by up to 16.4%.

Practical implications
Temperature-induced capillary flow is a relatively new type of driven underfill designed specifically for package on package BGA components. Its simple implementation can further improve the productivity of existing underfill process in the industry that is desirable in reducing the process lead time.

Originality/value
The effect of temperature-induced capillary flow in underfill encapsulation on multi-stacks BGA by means of statistical correlation study is a relatively new topic, which has never been reported in any other research according to the authors' knowledge.


The article presents the analysis of valuable orientation of people, suffering from bone-muscle and connecting tissue illnesses. Valuable preferences in different periods of illness are revealed.


Designing Resilience: Preparing for Extreme Events Louise K. Comfort (Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. E-mail: comfort@ gspia.pitt.edu), Arjen Boin (School of Governance, University of Utrecht, NL-3512 BK, Utrecht, Netherlands. E-mail: email@example.com) and Chris C. Demchak (School of Government and Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. E-mail: email@example.com) (Eds) Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2010, 349 pp.


Islamic Boarding School is an Institution of Islamic Education which there is a Kyai, he's teaching and educating the student or santri with all of religion science and another science. Santri who has been living in the Islamic Boarding School demanded by it self to adaptation with new environment, we call it with Islamic Boarding School. But in the reality, the new student or new santri has obstacle in the adaptation on it. One else factor that can be influence the adjustment is personality. In the personality, self regulated is a factor that can be influence the adjustment. The aim of this study is (1) Find the relation toward level of adjustment and level of self regulated in Islamic Boarding School, (2) Find the student's level of adjustment in Islamic Boarding School, (3) Find the student's level of self regulated in Islamic Boarding School, (4) Find the effectively impact of the both in Islamic Boarding School. Subject of this study has using Cluster random sampling, 7 Islamic Boarding School that selected, 2 Islamic Boarding School that consist of 8 classes and each of 4 classes. Subjects in this study was 141 that divided of 77 subjects on Al-muayyad islamic boarding school and 64 subjects Ta'mirul islamic boarding school. Scale that i used in thi study is self adjustment and scale self regulation. Hypothesis in this study is there was positively relation toward adjustment and self regulated of student or santri in Islamic Boarding School. The technique of taking sample was using product momet. The result of this study has coefficient score 0.546 with probability = 0,000 (p<0,01) it means Adjustment has relation toward self regulated positively and significant. The results in this study was variable self adjustment classified in high categories and variable self regulation in moderate categories. It based on 29,81% effectively influenfed by self regulated and the adjustment. Then another variables except self regulated that gives impact to adjustment showed on 70.19%


This paper empirically examined the impact of deficit financing on price and economic stability in Nigeria using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)/ Bound Testing Approach from 1980-2016. Total deficit financing externally and disaggregated domestic sources which include Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Deposit Money Banks and Non-bank Public were used as proxies for deficit financing, while Inflation Rates and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) were captured for Price and Economic Stability, respectively. The Bound Testing Analysis which was carried out in a two differently specific models show no Co-Integration between Deficit Finance and Inflation, while that of Deficit Financing and Economic Stability nexus reveals the existence of a strong co-integration. Consequently, the ARDL outcome indicates that Deficit Financing by CBN and Non-Bank Public has positive and significant impact in economic stability while those financed through the Deposit Money Banks and foreign sources have no impact on national output. Thus, we concluded that to achieve sustainable un-inflationary growth in this era of expansionary fiscal policy, Government should finance its deficits domestically through the CBN and Non-Bank Public.


Objective: To investigate the influence and possible mechanism of Maixuekang capsule on lipid metabolism and expression of lectin like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1( LOX-1) in early atherosclerosis rats. Method: Thirty-two healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group,high and low dose groups( 1. 5,0. 3 g·kg- 1·d- 1) of Maixuekang capsule. Model control group and Maixuekang capsule groups were intraperitoneally injected by 6 × 105unit vitamin D3,and corresponding medicines were ig administrated every day on the basis of high-fat diet for 10 successive weeks. Levels of blood lipid profile,homocysteine( HCY),catalase( CAT) were observed. The expression of oxidized low density lipoprotein( ox-LDL) in serum and LOX-1 in aortic wall were detected by ELISA. The pathology of thoracic aortas were observed. Result: In model control,the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,HCY were increased than normal control( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01),HDL-C and CAT were decreased( P 0. 01). The expression of ox-LDL and LOX-1 was significantly increased( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01) in model control( 34. 17 ± 13. 4),( 1. 58 ± 0. 08) μg·L- 1than the normal control( 20. 37 ± 2. 5),( 1. 44 ± 0. 08) μg·L- 1. Maixuekang capsule decreased the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,HCY and increased the levels of HDL-C and CAT( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01); the expression of ox-LDL( 28. 92 ± 4. 5),( 21. 81 ± 3. 9) μg·L- 1and LOX-1( 1. 45 ± 0. 07),( 1. 39 ± 0. 09) μg ·L- 1was attenuated in all the treatment groups( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). In model control, intima-media thickness,elastic fiber proliferation and disordered arrangement of smooth muscle cells were found in thoracic aortas by paraffin section and Hematoxylin staining. By contrast,intima-media thickness were not obvious,elastic fiber was mild wided and arrangement of smooth muscle cells in Maixuekang capsule group. Conclusion: The Maixuekang capsule can protect vascular endothelial cell and inhibit atherosclerosis by modulating the lipid metabolism,reducing the oxidative damage,and down-regulating the expression of ox-LDL and LOX-1.