The Southeast Asian haze is a major environmental problem facing the region and a much studied subject. Thus it may seem that there cannot be much new to say or write about it. Undoubtedly, significant progress has been made in both understanding and instituting policies and mechanisms to tackle it. But the problem continues to persist even after nearly two decades since the region experienced one of the worst episodes in 1997–98. It seems to appear and disappear much like the proverbial Cheshire cat in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland…


Preface A. Dirk Moses SECTION I: INTELLECTUAL HISTORY AND CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS Chapter 1. Empire, Colony, Genocide: Keywords and the Philosophy of History A. Dirk Moses Chapter 2. Anti-colonialism in Western Political Thought: The Colonial Origins of the Concept of Genocide Andrew Fitzmaurice Chapter 3. Are Settler-Colonies Inherently Genocidal? Re-reading Lemkin John Docker Chapter 4. Structure and Event: Settler Colonialism, Time, and the Question of Genocide Patrick Wolfe Chapter 5. "Crime without a Name": The Case for "Indigenocide" Raymond Evans Chapter 6. Colonialism and Genocides: Towards an Analysis of the Settler Archive of the European Imagination Lorenzo Veracini Chapter 7. Biopower and Modern Genocide Dan Stone SECTION II: EMPIRE, COLONIZATION AND GENOCIDE Chapter 8. Empires, Native Peoples, and Genocide Mark Levene Chapter 9. Colonialism, History, and Genocide in Cambodia, 1747-2005 Ben Kiernan Chapter 10. Genocide in Tasmania: The History of an Idea Ann Curthoys Chapter 11. "The aborigines... were never annihilated, and still they are becoming extinct": Settler Imperialism and Genocide in 19th-century America and Australia Norbert Finzsch Chapter 12. Navigating the Cultural Encounter: Blackfoot Religious Resistance in Canada (c. 1870-1930) Blanca Tovias Chapter 13. Genocide in German Southwest Africa and German East Africa Dominik J. Schaller Chapter 14. Inner Colonization and Inter-imperial Conflict: The Destruction of the Armenians and the End of the Ottoman Empire Donald Bloxham Chapter 15. Inner Colonialism and the Question of Genocide in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union Robert Geraci Chapter 16. Colonialism and Genocide in Nazi-occupied Poland and Ukraine David Furber and Wendy Lower SECTION III: SUBALTERN GENOCIDE Chapter 17. Genocide from Below: The Great Inca Rebellion of 1780-82 in the Southern Andes David Cahill Chapter 18. Political Loyalties and the Genocide of a Settler Community: The Eurasians in Indonesia, 1945-46 Robert Cribb Chapter 19. Savages, Subjects, and Sovereigns: Conjunctions of Modernity, Genocide, and Colonialism Alexander L. Hinton Notes on Contributors Select Bibliography Index


The presence of transient and temporary individuals in capture-mark-recapture studies may violate the assumption on equal catchability, and thus yield biased estimates. We investigated the effects of residency patterns on population parameters of bottlenose dolphins inhabiting the coastal waters off the Alvarado Lagoon System (ALS), Veracruz, Mexico. We hypothesized that this population is open but there exists a "core community" that behaves as a closed population. Between 2006 and 2010, we conducted 75 photo-identification surveys and recorded 263 dolphin group encounters, in which 231 dolphins were identified. Individuals present during only one season, classified as transients (n = 85), were excluded from the study, and a standardized residency index (IH4) was computed for each dolphin that remained in the sample (n = 146). We used the K-means clustering method to split the sample into groups based on individual (seasonal, annual) IH4 values. These clusters were named as regular residents (RR, n = 55), occasional residents (OR, n = 45), and occasional visitors (OV, n = 46). The cumulative frequency of newly identified individuals displayed an asymptotic trend for the whole sample and all clusters, indicating that most of the individuals present in the study area during the study period were identified. The assumption of demographic closure was tested to define the core community, and was rejected for the whole sample and the OV cluster (p < 0.001 in both cases), indicating that the population is open. The closure assumption was not rejected for RR and OR clusters (χ2 = 6.88, DF = 13, p = 0.91, and χ2 = 17.8, DF = 16, p = 0.33, respectively), indicating that these clusters were demographically closed over the 5-year period. Thus, we defined this aggregation of individuals as the "core community". The closed population model Mth indicated that the total abundance of this core community was 123 individuals (95% CI: 114–133). Our results provide quantitative evidence of the existence of a core community in open waters of the Gulf of Mexico, and points toward residency pattern as a main driver of population dynamics. These results highlight the importance of considering residency patterns when dealing with heterogeneity in the sample of a highly mobile species.


Let {Zu = ((eu,i,j))p×n} be random matrices, where {eu,i,j} are independently distributed. Suppose {Ai}, {Bi} are non-random matrices of order p × p and n × n, respectively. Suppose p →∞, n = n(p) →∞ and p/n → 0. Consider all p × p random matrix polynomials constructed from the above matrices of the form ℙ = ∏i=1kln−1A ti ZjiBsiZji∗A tkl+1 and the corresponding centering polynomials 𝔾 = (∏i=1kln−1Tr(B si)) ∏i=1kl+1A ti. We show that under appropriate conditions on the above matrices, the variables in the non-commutative ∗-probability space 𝒱p = Span{(n/p)1/2(ℙ − 𝔾)} with state p−1ETr converge. We also show that the limiting spectral distribution of (n/p)1/2(ℙ − 𝔾) exists almost surely whenever ℙ and 𝔾 are self-adjoint. The limit can be expressed in terms of, semi-circular, circular and other families and, limits of n−1Tr(B i), n−1Tr(B iBj) and non-commutative limit of {Ai : i ≥ 1,φp = p−1Tr}. Our results fully generalize the results already known for np−1(n−1A 11/2ZB 1Z∗A 11/2 − n−1Tr(B 1)A1).


About 100,000 injuries to anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) occur annually in the United States, with females reporting an ACL injury rate two to eight times higher than their male counterparts. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been cited to explain the disparity between rates of injury between males and females, such as anatomical differences, joint laxity, training technique, and sex hormones, the focus of the present research. Estrogen has been shown to decrease collagen content within ligament tissue whereas progesterone has been shown to inhibit estrogen and in some cases promote the production of collagen. Testosterone has been linked with increased collagen content, but its effects upon female knee ligaments have not been studied in detail. The present research focused on the role that estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone had, both singularly and in combination, on the physical properties of ligament tissue. Peak levels of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone were simulated in prepubescent female rats, with treatment groups as follows: estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, estrogen and progesterone, estrogen and testosterone, and control. Mechanical tests on ligaments were subsequently performed after termination to measure ligament laxity and breaking point strength. The results show that estrogen in combination with testosterone or progesterone significantly decreases the breaking point strength in ligaments. Estrogen in combination with testosterone or progesterone and testosterone alone significantly decreased ligament laxity.


Song is largely undervalued as an art form. Poetry, for example, is regarded as high art; song as a commercial product. And yet song is the most powerful, emotionally direct form of communication. Song makes us feel less alone, creates and empowers a community, engenders a sense of solidarity and shared purpose. In that way, throughout history, songs have given heart and hope to movements of social change. Song is more than a market product and in its most creative story-telling form can cross boundaries, challenge what is and imagine what might be.


The timing of major equipment maintenance is being planned with advanced techniques of predictive maintenance or reliability centered maintenance. A limitation of these techniques is that they do not have a direct connection to the financial side of corporations, therefore they stay focused on the on the engineering side of the corporation. As financial constraints are placed on maintenance resources there is increasing need to communicate to the financial side of the corporation the importance of investment in major equipment maintenance in terms and techniques that they know and accept. This presentation will directly address the use of the techniques of decision/financial analysis to extend predictive maintenance and reliability centered maintenance information and to make the case for the maintenance investment to support equipment reliability.


The report examines the structural change in the consumption expenditure in aging populations. Based on the life-cycle theory of income, consumption and savings, hypotheses are formulated, which are verified by empirical research. Measurement of structural changes is done through two approaches. The relative share of the change from the maximum possible change is also measured.


Abstract This paper addresses the H∞ model reduction problem for a polytopic system with time-varying delay. The delay-dependent sufficient conditions are presented to construct the reduced-order models such that the H∞ norm of the error system between the full-order model and the reduced-order one is less than a prescribed scalar. By employing a sequential convex optimization approach, two examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The acid-catalysed isomerization of the mixture of olefins (4), (7) and (8), obtained from the oxidative decarboxylation of lupan-28-oic acid (1), leads to the tetrasubstituted olefin (9).


Objective. The aims of this prospective study were to determine the bowel function and the anal sphincter function in women with urinary stress incontinence by means of anorectal manometry and to look for manometric variables which could predict the development of surgery demanding genital prolapse after Burch colposuspension.


This chapter introduces the field of community ecology and reviews its history. The first community ecologists were botanists who noted what appeared to be repeated associations between plant species along environmental gradients. From these studies arose the concept of ecological succession. Laboratory and field studies of animal populations generated the important concepts of density-dependence, the competitive exclusion principle, and the ecological niche. The idea that interspecific competition limited the membership of communities to certain kinds of species produced the historically important theory of limiting similarity, which specified how different species must be in their niche in order to coexist. This theory appeared to provide a framework for predicting both the number and types of species found in natural communities, however, it failed to deliver on its promise. The failure of simple competition-based models to explain community diversity led to important new directions that continue to influence how ecologists study communities today.


In recent years, many researchers have devoted time to designing algorithms used to introduce external information from knowledge graphs, to solve the problems of data sparseness and the cold start, and thus improve the performance of recommendation systems. Inspired by these studies, we proposed KANR, a knowledge graph-enhanced attention aggregation network for making recommendations. This is an end-to-end deep learning model using knowledge graph embedding to enhance the attention aggregation network for making recommendations. It consists of three main parts. The first is the attention aggregation network, which collect the user's interaction history and captures the user's preference for each item. The second is the knowledge graph-embedded model, which aims to integrate the knowledge. The semantic information of the nodes and edges in the graph is mapped to the low-dimensional vector space. The final part is the information interaction unit, which is used for fusing the features of two vectors. Experiments showed that our model achieved a stable improvement compared to the baseline model in making recommendations for movies, books, and music.


The modeling and design method of the cost Bill of Material (BOM) in the process industry were put forward in this article. According to the time sequence characteristic of continual production process in the process industry, the concept and application of the cost BOM was specially discussed by researching the complexity of BOM in the process industry.


The main intention of this project is to automate the bar bending process using pneumatic system to reduce the cost and enhance the productivity. Conventional Methodologies involve major labour work, layout setup, high cost etc. Hence to reduce labour cost, Automation is preferred. Existing hydraulic system are cost high enough, so to make cost effective, Pneumatic bar bending system is proposed here. Sample bar is taken about 8mm and pressurized with a compressor of about 25-30mm. Entire test setup size assembled is 2*2 square feet. This project discuss about the construction and process of pneumatic based bar bending system, also the associated practical implications during implementation.


We consider the simplest non-integrable model of multistate Landau-Zener transition. In this model two pairs of levels in two tunnel coupled quantum dots are swept passed each other by the gate voltage. Although this 2 * 2 model is non-integrable, it can be solved analytically in the limit when the inter-level energy distance is much smaller than their tunnel splitting. The result is contrasted to the similar 2 * 1 model, in which one of the dots contains only one level. The latter model does not allow interference of the virtual transition amplitudes, and it is exactly solvable. In 2 * 1 model, the probability for a particle, residing at time t -> -\infty in one dot, to remain in the same dot at t -> \infty falls off exponentially with tunnel coupling. By contrast, in 2 * 2 model, this probability grows exponentially with tunnel coupling. The physical origin of this growth is the formation of the tunneling-induced collective states in the system of two dots. This can be viewed as manifestation of the Dicke effect.


Objective Inquire into the foot and mouth disease infection control method.Method To strengthen the triage work,strict implementation of disinfection and isolation measures,to strengthen health education,timely reporting of measures such as confirmed cases.Results During treatment with no nosocomial infection.Conclusion The triage,disinfection and isolation measures,to strengthen health education,to outpatient foot and mouth disease cross infection play a key role.


The seventh century B.C. saw a number of changes in Attic mortuary practices with the emergence of the offering trenches being one of the most characteristic. The earliest examples came to light in the late nineteenth century in association with a number of tumuli in the Attic countryside, although the cemetery of Kerameikos revealed the richest evidence, which has been thoroughly published and studied. The trenches contained good quantities of Protoattic and early black-figure pottery, which formed the focus of the early scholarship because of its importance for the study of the Attic vase painting. Nevertheless, during the last two decades, offering trenches have been employed by a number of scholars as a medium for approaching early Archaic Attic society during a period of special interest, which coincides with the early development of the polis. The offering trenches serve as a case study for showing the shift in archaeological research on early Attica with scholarly interest moving from the finds to their archaeological context, and focusing on the importance of funerary practices for the study of contemporary society. Moreover, the present contribution reassembles all the known trench-evidence from Attica, while re-examining their funerary and social implications for the contemporary polis.


A series of dipropoxy-, tripropoxy- and tetrapropoxycalix(4)arenes bearing one or two fragments of α-hydroxymethylphosphonic acid at the upper rim of the macrocycle was prepared by the reaction of the corresponding mono- and di-formylcalixarenes with sodium salts of dialkyl phosphites or with trialkyl (tristrimethylsilyl)phosphites followed by dealkylation (desilylation) of the ester derivatives. The conformations of the macrocyclic skeleton and the stereoisomeric forms of the compounds obtained were investigated by 1 H NMR. The resulting α- hydroxymethylphosphonic acids were found to be able to inhibit the activity of glutathione S- transferase in vitro.


Gluconobacter asaii (a bacterial antagonist naturally occurring on apple fruit) and bacteriophage were tested as biocontrol agents of Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut honeydew melon pieces. Gluconobacter asaii and bacteriophage were effective against of L. monocytogenes, but combining the two treatment was even more effective. G. asaii alone reduced populations approximately 3 to 4 logs and phage alone reduced populations by one log compared to the L. monocytogenes control. In comparison Listeria control treatment combining treatments reduced populations up to 6 logs by day 7. The results of our study suggest that G. asaii and phage combined can be very effective in reducing L. monocytogenes contamination of fresh-cut honeydew melon.


The role of elevated net endogenous acid production (NEAP) in the causation of osteoporosis, muscle wasting, and kidney stones is currently under discussion. The aim of this study was to examine whether urinary organic acid anion excretion, a major component of NEAP, is predicted primarily by anthropometric- (OA anthro ) or diet-(OA diet ) based estimates. Dietary intakes, anthropometric data, and 24-h urinary excretion rates of organic acids (24h-OA urine ) were determined cross sectionally in healthy children (6–7 y; n ¼ 217), adolescents (13–14 y; n ¼ 91), and young adults (18–22 y; n ¼ 82). OA anthro was computed from body surface area and OA diet calculated using a published algorithm based on dietary intakes of mineral anions and cations. There was a significant increase ( P , 0.0001) in 24h-OA urine across the age groups that was no longer discernible after correction for body surface area. In almost all sex-stratified subsamples, OA anthro had a higher correlation with 24h-OA urine than OA diet . Multiple regression analyses, using energy-corrected diet variables, revealed that OA anthro was consistently the primary predictor of 24h-OA urine ( R 2 varying from 0.15 to 0.39) and dietary fat and protein were sporadic predictors. In accordance with the observed age independency of 24h-OA urine after body surface area correction, our findings indicate that OA anthro is a better estimate of 24h-OA urine in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults than OA diet . This further confirms that the (principally diet-dependent) NEAP comprises a component, i.e., organic acid anions, that is reasonably predictable by anthropometrics. Consequently, the other component, i.e., the potential renal acid load, appears to be the primary parameter that characterizes the diet-induced acid load. J. Nutr. 136: 1203–1208, 2006.


This study examines health care financing for twelve countries in Asia. Newly assembled data allow comparisons of total expenditures from all sources (government, insurance, and private out-of-pocket payments), a further breakdown of government spending between central and local units, trends in government spending since the mid 1970s, user fee experience in government systems, and coverage by insurance systems in the region. The major issues discussed include comparisons between Asia and the rest of the world (and within Asia itself), in health status changes over the last two decades; causes of mortality in the region and the developing world; measures of appropriate levels of support for the health sector; broad inferences from the data on costs of hospitals and relative personnel mixes; and investigation of some of the distributive characteristics of public spending in the health sector.


The paper presents the thermal economic analysis of an underground water source heat pump system in a high school building based on usage per exergy cost as an evaluation standard, in which the black box model has been used and the cost of underground water has also been considered. The economics of the heat pump and other cooling and heating sources has been compared and then several simple methods to improve the thermal economics of the underground water heat pump system have been put


The research marketing efficiency of red chili was located in Ngemplak regency Sleman distric purposed to know marketing channel, marketing margin, part of price accepted by farmer each marketing channel and marketing efficiency. The research used descriptive analysis method. About 62 farmer were chosen with cluster method and with sampling ball snow method for got 13 seller. Interview and observation in collecting primary data while the documentation to retrieve secondary data. Result of research indicate that there are three marketing channel in Ngemplak, that is channel I) farmer - retail - consumer, retail there selling red chili Pakem market and Beringharjo market; II channel) farmer - compiler saler - wholesaler - retail - consumer; III channel) farmer - wholesaler - retail - consumer. At I channel, margin marketing that the retailer selling red chili at Beringharjo market larger than Pekem market. While at II channel and III, margin marketing larger ones II channel. At I channel, part of price accepted by farmer from retail selling red chili at Pakem market bigger than Beringharjo market. Economically, I channel which its retail sell red chili to Pakem market more efficient compared to retail selling red chili to Beringharjo market. Technically I channel which its retailer sell red chili to Beringharjo market more efficient compared to retail selling to Pakem market. At II channel and III part of marketing efficiency cannot be determined because final consumer unknown. Keyword : Red Chili, Marketing Channel, Marketing Margin, Part Of Price, Marketing Efficiency


The subject-matter of this paper is the investigation of similes in Joachim Lelewel's scientific idiolect, which were collected upon the basis of this scholar's selected writings. The objective of the analyses is to determine the repertoire of the connection indicators introducing this figure of thought in the selected scientific texts of this historian, the grammatical structure of similes, and first and foremost, to indicate their functions and this scientist's idiolective properties within the scope of using the stylistic device in question.


Metabolic inhibitors commonly used in the treatment of cancer increase the ability of antibody and complement to kill guinea pig tumor cells in vitro. No correlation was found between increased killing and changes in cell surface antigen concentration or binding of complement components C4 and C3.


The author comments on three preceding articles, two by authors of oral history–based biographies (Sandy Polishuk's biography of Julia Ruuttila and Catherine Fosl's biography of Anne Braden) and a third by their editor, Deborah Gershenowitz. The author acknowledges the constraints imposed on the authors of oral history–based biographies, both by the refusal of biographical subjects to discuss certain matters and by the necessary honing that editors undertake. While granting the need for author-subject and author-editor negotiations and revisions, the author (of this commentary) insists on the value of pushing boundaries in oral history–based biographies and finds encouragement in the process of dialog, negotiation, and compromise that improved the books under consideration.


The mechanism of cross-linking of cellulose by glyoxal has been investigated using various alcohols as models for cellulose. Competitive hemiacetalizations of glyoxal show that vicinal diols are much more reactive than isolated alcohols. With a catalyst, both kinds of alcohols react with the hemiacetals, but the isolated alcohols are the most reactive. The main products of acetalization are mixed dioxane bisacetals. Methyl 4-O-methyl-α-glucoside, considered as a monomeric unit of cellulose, reacts in the same way. The cross-linking of cellulose by glyoxal is thought to proceed according to the same pattern. The pathways of cross-linking in the presence of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol, currently used as co-reactants of glyoxal, are discussed.


Doctrine of causations in law, means to take a pledge against others. Therefore, some experts believe that change theory is closely related to doctrine of causations and affected by doctrine of causations why change is something has made and given commitment. However, change we will discover by examining the content of change theory that the foundation and development of doctrine of causations distanced and is not retractable.


— NA62 is a fixed target experiment at the CERN SPS which aims at measuring the branching fraction of the ultra-rare decay K → πνν̄ with an unprecedented precision. With its high-energy beam and a hermetic detector coverage, NA62 has also the opportunity to directly search for a plethora of long-lived exotic particles, such as heavy neutral leptons, axion-like particles and dark photons. We will review the status of such searches and give prospects for future data taking at NA62.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences between 99 Finnish primary and secondary teachers in their frequency and nature of information and communication technology (ICT) use, levels of ICT implementation, functional uses and perceived values about educational use of ICT. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected with an online questionnaire and analyzed with expectancy-value theory as a theoretical background. Findings – Teachers use ICT mostly for administrative tasks. Teachers' methods of utilizing student-centred approaches in their teaching, proficiency levels in relation to ICT, and their self-reported stage of ICT integration into teaching strongly depend on how much ICT teachers use in their teaching activities. Primary teachers value utilizing ICT in teaching more positively than secondary teachers even though secondary teachers reported being more active in the use of ICT in various functional uses. Pedagogical thinking in educational institutes has not advanced in parallel with technological advances; teachers in basic education are still using ICT mainly for informational, organizational, evaluative, and lesson-planning activities instead of communicative, activating, creative, and expressive purposes. Originality/value – This study was able to produce further evidence to support the claim that providing teachers with computer technology will lead them to integrate computers into teaching activities, which in turn will give them more support in their perceived proficiency at computer use and help them to advance in the stage of computer integration.


An investigation was made on the dynamic tensile deformation and strain hardening characteristic of a SiCp/6061AI composite and its matrix alloy using tensile split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. It is shown that under dynamic loading condition, as in the case of static loading, the strength of the SiCp/6061AI is higher and its elongation to fracture is lower than those of 6061AI alloy. At a low strain, the dynamic tensile strain hardening exponent of the studied composite is higher than that of its matrix alloy. However, the strain hardening exponent of the composite decreases rapidly with increasing strain, and becomes lower than that of its matrix alloy at a higher strain. The deformation and damage mechanisms are discussed in terms of dislocation.


Abstract The value of radiography in qualitative corrosion studies has been demonstrated by applying this x-ray technique in an investigation of the corrosion of three types (302, 317, 347) of stai...


It is quite correct to say that the United States, a superpower that has built up its fortune on wars, has an innate enthusiasm for making war. Along with the growing power of the United States after World War II, its ambition to rule the world and dominate the globe has become increasingly apparent and reached its apex after the end of the cold war.


Being the last speaker on a 2day-t program of man> thoughtful _ 0 s. .. ....and provocative papers is a herculean task especially since have been asked to synthesize the contents of these fine K essays. Those of you who have been involved in the orgcranisation of meetings know few manuscripts were available to me anbne of presentation. My ideas had to be organized late last night. WOW ; ;i000!isAfterreviewing the many pertinent observations and ideas presented during the meeting, I decided that I could probably best serve my assignment by plagiarizing freely from the contents of the papers without making specific reference to the source. Otherwise, I would just be giving you a catalogue of what has been said. I hope that those who have participated in the program both as formal essayists and as discussants will not take umbrage with my approach. It has not been possible to present every good thought that has been expressed. I will tryto put in the broad brush strokes of the picture. I confess that may choices have probably been filtered through my own prejudices. I apologize to those who feel their deathless prose has been done an injustice. Dental schools have now achieved a place within the university constellation. This has not always been so, for it is within the careers of some of the participants that the union has taken place (and I am not referring to the claim of Dr. Willard C. Fleming, Vice Provost, University of California, at the Conference that he graduated with the class of 1819). There iare still some things to be done if the dental school is to assume the role of a full and complete partner in the university. It must share and embrace all of the functions of an institution of higher education: teaching, research, and service. There must be dedication to learning and social responsibility. To merit the support and confidence of the public, the ultimate source of funds for the educational enterprise, the dental school must play the leading role in refining current knowledge, in developing new knowledge through research, and in making this knowledge available for meeting health problems through the students it prepares for the profession. The dental schools must also assure the fulfillment of these purposes in the next generation by attracting and educating faculty members to meet the expanding requirements that will come in the future. Anything less means failure. Affiliated institutions Such as hospitals and research institutes make a -much greater contribution to medical research than to dental research. It is, therefore, all the more imllportant that the dental schools assume an increasing amount of responsibility for developing new knowledge related to dental health. This task cannot be left to others, either for the scientific aspects of dentistry or for ways to deliver better dental care to a greater proportion of our people. The latter is fully as important as the former, because it is becoming ever more apparent that we will not meet the demands without new concepts to extend the effectiveness of the dentist. It is clear that new knowledge comes only through research. But research is also an inportant ingredient of the scholarly environment. It provides the niost efficient and effective


Several papers have documented the cross-correlations across wide range of markets using different methods and the results are being used for the improvisation of market efficiency. In this paper, we have investigated the crosscorrelations between Gold market and WTI Crude oil market using MF-X-DFA. Quantitatively, we have employed the recently developed MF-X-DFA method for the data of Gold and WTI Crude oil markets and we have confirmed the existence of cross-correlation between Gold and Crude oil markets. We have also found that these cross-correlations are strongly multifractal in the short term and weakly multifractal in long the term. Moreover, their behavior for small fluctuations is persistent and those of large fluctuations are anti persistent in the short term. Cross-correlations of very small fluctuations and large fluctuations are persistent but whereas for small fluctuations are anti-persistent in the long term. Furthermore, based on multifractal spectrum, we have produced substantial evidences to determine crosscorrelation behaviors exhibit multifractal features. Our results have significant implications to market efficiency.


This article is the first in our new series, in which scholars comment on the possibilities for new research and interpretations presented by new and significant archival acquisitions in the cultural institutions of Australia. In this inaugural article, Clare Wright reviews the diary of Samuel Lazarus, recently acquired by the State Library of Victoria. The digitised version can be accessed at http://www.slv.vic.gov.au/collections/treasures/slazarus/index.html.


The Irish were the largest single group of immigrants to Scotland during the 19th and 20th centuries, and have had a major impact on Scottish society, culture and politics. These papers examine the effect of Irish immigration on Scotland, offering insight into historical thinking in this area.


1. Helander HF, Fändriks L. Surface area of the digestive tract revisited. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014;49:681–689. 2. Hasleton PS. The internal surface area of the adult human lung. J Anat 1972;112:391–400. 3. Gallo RL. Human skin is the largest epithelial surface for interaction with microbes. J Invest Dermatol 2017;137:1213–1214. 4. Dickson RP, Erb-Downward JR, Freeman CM, McCloskey L, Falkowski NR, Huffnagle GB, et al. Bacterial topography of the healthy human lower respiratory tract. mBio 2017;8:e02287-16. 5. Segal LN, Clemente JC, Tsay JC, Koralov SB, Keller BC, Wu BG, et al. Enrichment of the lung microbiome with oral taxa is associated with lung inflammation of a Th17 phenotype. Nat Microbiol 2016;1:16031. 6. Dickson RP, Schultz MJ, van der Poll T, Schouten LR, Falkowski NR, Luth JE, et al.; Biomarker Analysis in Septic ICU Patients (BASIC) Consortium. Lung microbiota predict clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020;201:555–563. 7. Molyneaux PL, Cox MJ, Willis-Owen SA, Mallia P, Russell KE, Russell AM, et al. The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014;190: 906–913. 8. O'Dwyer DN, Ashley SL, Gurczynski SJ, Xia M, Wilke C, Falkowski NR, et al. Lung microbiota contribute to pulmonary inflammation and disease progression in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;199:1127–1138. 9. Venkataraman A, Bassis CM, Beck JM, Young VB, Curtis JL, Huffnagle GB, et al. Application of a neutral community model to assess structuring of the human lung microbiome. mBio 2015;6:e02284-14. 10. Dickson RP, Erb-Downward JR, Falkowski NR, Hunter EM, Ashley SL, Huffnagle GB. The lung microbiota of healthy mice are highly variable, cluster by environment, and reflect variation in baseline lung innate immunity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018;198: 497–508. 11. Ashley SL, Sjoding MW, Popova AP, Cui TX, Hoostal MJ, Schmidt TM, et al. Lung and gut microbiota are altered by hyperoxia and contribute to oxygen-induced lung injury in mice. Sci Transl Med 2020;12:eaau9959. 12. Meadow JF, Altrichter AE, Kembel SW, Kline J, Mhuireach G, Moriyama M, et al. Indoor airborne bacterial communities are influenced by ventilation, occupancy, and outdoor air source. Indoor Air 2014;24: 41–48. 13. Gilbert JA, Stephens B. Microbiology of the built environment. Nat Rev Microbiol 2018;16:661–670. 14. Kraemer JG, Aebi S, Oppliger A, Hilty M. The indoor-air microbiota of pig farms drives the composition of the pig farmers' nasal microbiota in a season-dependent and farm-specific manner. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019;85:e03038-18. 15. Leung MHY, Tong X, Wilkins D, Cheung HHL, Lee PKH. Individual and household attributes influence the dynamics of the personal skin microbiota and its association network. Microbiome 2018; 6:26. 16. Casas L, Tischer C, Täubel M. Pediatric asthma and the indoor microbial environment. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016;3: 238–249. 17. Wu BG, Kapoor B, Cummings KJ, Stanton ML, Nett RJ, Kreiss K, et al. Evidence for environmental–human microbiota transfer at a manufacturing facility with novel work-related respiratory disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020;202:1678–1688. 18. Gilbert Y, Veillette M, Meriaux A, Lavoie J, Cormier Y, Duchaine C. Metalworking fluid-related aerosols in machining plants. J Occup Environ Hyg 2010;7:280–289. 19. Fillion-Bertrand G, Dickson RP, Boivin R, Lavoie JP, Huffnagle GB, Leclere M. Lung microbiome is influenced by the environment and asthmatic status in an equine model of asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019;60:189–197.


Ninety-eight hair dressing shops in Chiang Mai municipal area were selected at random to study the prevalent fungi contaminated on variously hair dressing equipment during January to December 1983. Of the total of 643 equipment, 19 (2.95%) were found to harbour dermatophytes including Trichophyton rubrum , T. mentagrophytes and T. terrestre , the causal agents of ring worm, n 19 (19.39%) hair dressing shops, Fungi were most frequently found on ear picks (7.69%) while on blades, brushes, neck supporting cushions, nail scissors, combs and hair scissors were found in 7.32%, 4.07%, 2.94%, 1.92%, 0.97% and 0.71% respectively. Electric machine scissor was the only equipment which did not show any fungal contamination in this study. On sanitary investigation of those hair dressing shops; at least 50% was sufficiently hygienic. Key words: Dermatophytes, Ear picks, Blades, Brushes, Combs, Scissors.


Polarographic investigations of ambrette musk, ketone musk and xylene musk have been carried out. Each of these compounds showed a clear reducing wave by using 0.25 M NaBr as a supporting electrolyte and 0.04 M Britton-Robinson buffer in 80% alcoholic solution containing 0.028% gelatin. The wave height of these compounds was proportional to the concentration within the concentration range 1.00. 1mM and pH range 2.710.6. The wave heights decreased in the order xylene musk, ambrette musk and ketone musk; and each of the half-wave potentials was shifted to the negative side with an increase in pH. The diffusion coefficient calculated from the Stokes-Einstein equation was applied in the Ilkovic equation to obtain the electron number, from which the mechanism of reduction at the dropping mercury electrode was then deduced. It was found that the quantitative determination of each of these compounds by the polarographic method was possible. The structural formula of ambrette musk was shown to be different from the heretofore accepted one with three nitro groups : it was ascertained to be a formula with two nitro groups.The Polarographic behavior of piperine has been investigated. A clear reducing wave was indicated by using 0.25 M NaBr as a supporting electrolyte and 0.04 M Britton-Robinson buffer in 80% alcoholic solution containing 0.028% gelatin. Quantitative determination by polarography was possible as the wave heights were proportional within the concentration of 1.00.1 mM and pH range of 2.610.7. The half-wave potentials were shifted toward the negative side with an increase of pH value. Shifting toward the positive side, though slight, was observed with an increase of pH value within the range of 7.010.7. The mechanism of reduction at the dropping mercury electrode was deduced by applying the diffusion coefficient calculated from the Stokes-Einstein equation for determining the electron number in the Ilkovic equation.


Mucins are large heavily glycosylated proteins which form the major component of mucus that protects epithelial surfaces of ducts in the body. The effect of the source and level of dietary protein on mucin production and intestinal mucosal morphology was investigated in mice. Thirty two male weanling ICR Swiss mice were randomized into 4 groups of 8 mice each. The four groups of mice were randomly assigned to four diets whose sources of protein were either from plant or animal origin and the level of each protein source was either 10% or 20% crude protein. Mice were provided the respective diets for 14 days and euthanized on the fifteenth day. Jejunal sections of their intestines were removed, fixed in methacarn, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with alcian blue‐periodic acid Schiff (AB‐PAS) stain to visualize mucins and quantify the goblet cells. AB‐PAS stained jejunal sections showed an increase in mucus in mice fed diets containing proteins of animal origin. The number of goblet cells was higher in diets containing protein of animal origin (p<0.05). The increase in goblet cell number was greater for the higher protein level. The length of the villi did not seem to vary among the four different diets. It is concluded that the source and level of protein fed to mice may be influencing their intestinal mucin production.


CoCrPt and CoCrPt-SiO2 magnetic layers were investigated as a function of substrate bias. It was found that the use of substrate bias greatly modified the CoCrPt-SiO2 film microstructure. This was due to a large change in the SiO2 content during bias sputtering. Biasing had an effect of reducing the amount of oxide in the growing films and promoting the growth of larger grains, but it was also found to be very effective in decoupling the grains as determined by ΔM curves. In addition, in the biased films, a large dependence of the coercivity on film thickness was observed. The in-plane coercivity nearly doubled its value from 2400 to 4300 Oe as the thickness increased from 5 to 15 nm.


The invention relates to a flyback converter, a controller for controlling the flyback converter and a method. The flyback converter includes a transformer and a controller for controlling a switch which is in series connection with the primary winding of the transformer. The primary winding is coupled with a power source. The controller has a plurality of work modes including a burst mode and a standby mode. In the burst mode, the controller generates a first discrete pulse train so as to switch on or switch off the switch, and the lasting time of each pulse in the first discrete pulse train is determined by a first reference signal of first preset voltage. In the standby mode, the controller generates a second discrete pulse train so as to switch on or switch off the switch, and the lasting time of each pulse in the second discrete pulse train is determined by a second reference signal of second preset voltage, wherein the second preset voltage is larger than the first preset voltage. With the flyback converter, the controller for controlling the flyback converter and the method of the invention adopted, power consumption can be decreased under a condition in which a load is small, and the utilization efficiency of electric power can be improved.


the second dotted line should be just above the line beginning 'Korean (table 12)'. In Table 66 (p. I l l ) Ladefoged does not say how he regards [m]. This work is more a scholar's book than a text. It will no doubt be used in classrooms in the continuing absence of a modern textbook of phonetics relating articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual facts. The wealth and breadth of data which it contains are most welcome. One particularly pleasing aspect of this work is its style. In an area laden with technical terms and conventions, it is readable by anyone having an elementary knowledge of phonetics. In places where other writers might have been sarcastic or even vicious about the failures of others, Ladefoged is always polite, trying to understand their point of view and finding virtue in even their partial successes. It is humanising for our profession that gentlemanly scholarship of such quality exists.


I would like to begin by saying that preparing a lecture on the subject "The formation of norms in ancient Christianity (Ist-IIIrd century): tradition, canon, discipline" was not easy for me. That has to do with the fact that I have my own history with this topic, but I don't really feel fully at ease talking about my own personal history when my lecture is actually supposed to be about the times of the Roman Empire and Early Christianity. Nevertheless, before I get started, I would like to explain why the lecture title and the topic allocated to me today came as a kind of déjà-vu from my days as an assistant at the Faculty of Protestant Theology in Tübingen. Following these initial biographical comments, which I hope you will allow me, I will come to a rather historical section about the origins of this model in the work of Berlin church historian Adolf von Harnack, before speaking in my third section about the three norms assigned to me by the organisers of this Winter School – "tradition, canon and discipline".


Abstract Construction projects are often unique, time-limited and require a high degree of customization by involving a significant number of Engineer-to-Order (ETO) components. Usually, ETO construction supply chains are composed by a fabrication part off-site and the installation part on-site where different supply chains have to be merged. Generally, many problems are identified during construction on-site and often in a late phase when recovering actions cannot be applied anymore. As a result, construction projects frequently face delays and budget overruns. Owing to these considerations, the paper proposes (i) a framework able to identify the losses and causes of ETO construction supply chains and (ii) a novel metric named Overall Construction Productivity (OCP) supporting the quantification of the overall impact of losses and the implementation of improvement actions. The proposed framework and metric were applied and validated in a medium-sized ETO façade supplier company and a hospital construction project.


In this paper, a new kind of photorefractive Cu:KNSBN crystal with Li-replacement at A-sites ((Cu,Li):KNSBN) was reported. We studied the photorefractive properties of this kind of crystal by using the conventional two-wave mixing method. It revealed that the Li-replacement can improve the photorefractive response rate of the crystal which is very important in real time information processing. An response time of 90 ms was obtained at a total incident intensity of 3.92 W/cm2. The absorption spectrum and other photorefractive properties were also measured and discussed. Experiment showed that cation replacement such as Li- replacing at A-sites provides a new way to improve the photorefractive properties of KNSBN crystals.


The purpose of this document is to describe the main types of management and the Mechanisms Required to Enable Concurrent Engineering Workflow. Apparently all these main types of management have an influence on the Concurrent Engineering Workflow process and have to be examined.


Caloric materials are in the spotlight as candidates for future environmentally friendly cooling technologies. We describe stimulating recent developments in the three caloric strands that are now being studied collectively, namely magnetocaloric, electrocaloric and mechanocaloric (elastocaloric or barocaloric) effects.


A MAJOR problem that confronts every teacher is how to learn as much about his pupils in as short a time as possible so that he may be able to meet more efficiently the needs of the forty or forty-five pupils in his class. What can an ordinary classroom teacher do at the beginning of the term to get quickly some understanding of the ability levels, experiential backgrounds, and personality structure of his pupils so that he may guide their learning more efficiently? I am an art teacher. For the past fifteen years, I have been wrestling with this problem and have arrived at an answer. My solution does not fully satisfy the demands of the problem, but it has been of considerable help to me in my work. Several years ago, as a beginning teacher, I tried to divide my teaching time, attention, and interest equally among my pupils. Yet I found myself being drawn constantly toward some more than, others. I discovered that each semester there were a few pupils who demanded a lion's share of the teacher's attention and instruction, even though they seemed capable of working independently. I often wished that I could be blessed with a whole class of pupils who would be as selfcontrolled and as self-directive as were a few of the children. My greatest conflict during this time was the fact that some of the children were able to get more of my time and consideration simply because they were very appealing and I felt deep affection for them from the beginning. The keen-thinking, quick performers were a joy to me also. The children who were unable to grasp the subject matter or perform according to directions distressed me. I was unhappy because I was required to teach both types of pupils in the same classes and unhappy for them because they were placed in a competitive learning situation in which there seemed to be little possibility for them to succeed. I consulted other persons regarding the problem, but I received no satisfactory guidance from the experienced teachers to whom I talked. The main impression that I carried away from ' The writer is indebted to Professor John Withall, formerly of the University of Chicago and at present at Brooklyn College, for valuable assistance in the preparation of this report.


Device for carrying out measurements or interventions in a 4 wellbore having a shaft 2, or ring, and 3 measuring instrument or procedure, the instrument being arranged at a lower end of said rod. this device is especially characterized in that the rod is elastic in bending and compression rigid, in that the rod comprises at least one line adapted to transfer energy or information, such as a power line, fluidic, or optical, and in that the rod is adapted to be wound onto at least one reel. Application of the device measures and interventions in drilled wells, in particular oil producing wells.


An electrospun composite fiber process is a multi-phase and multi-physics
 process. It was very difficult to study a charged jet in the
 electrospinning process for the fabrication of composite fibers by
 experiments. In this study, the liquid-solid two-phase flow in the
 electrospinning process for fabrication of composite fibers was researched
 numerically. The results showed the addition of conductive nanoparticles
 resulted in the increase of the jet flow velocity, and the decrease of the
 fiber?s diameter. The CFD results corresponded well with the experimental
 data.


Rinse liquid flushing the exposed photographic silver dye bleach material, with no greater than the expanded volume of the material is applied to the uppermost layer of the material, and then heat treated. This method is most suitable for the production of color photographs, particularly suitable for automatic copier or automatic camera.


1 We evaluated the effects of daltroban on (i) human platelet shape change and aggregation in vitro, and (ii) mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures (MAP and MPAP, respectively) as well as haematocrit, in anaesthetized, open‐chest Sprague‐Dawley rats, compared with those of a chemically distinct prostanoid thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptor antagonist, SQ 29,548, and agonist, U‐46619. 2 In human platelets in vitro, daltroban (10 nM‐100 μM; n = 6 per group) concentration‐dependently induced shape change, attaining at 50 μM, a maximum amplitude of 0.83 ± 0.09 mV representing 46.4 ±4.8% of that evoked by U‐46619 (1.78 ± 0.20 mV at 0.2 μM; n = 9); and inhibited U‐46619‐induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 77 (41–161)nM. SQ 29,548 (10 nM‐100 μM; n = 6 per group) failed to evoke any platelet shape change, but potently inhibited U‐46619‐induced platelet aggregation with an IC50< 10nM. 3 In anaesthetized rats in vivo, daltroban (10–2500 μg kg−1, i.v. infused over 2 min; n = 4–8 per group) produced a bell‐shaped dose‐response curve for MPAP and haematocrit, and evoked maximal increases of 12.7 ± 2.1 mmHg and 5.8 ± 1.5% at 80 μg kg−1 (n = 6) and 630 μg kg−1 (n = 8), respectively (both P<0.05) with ED50S of 20 (16–29) and 217 (129–331) μg kg−1, respectively. By comparison, U‐46619 (0.16–20 fig kg−1, i.v.), induced dose‐dependent increases in MPAP and haematocrit (25.4 ± 1.0 mmHg and 16.1 ±2.9% at the highest dose; n = 12, both P<0.01), with ED50s of 1.8 (1.3‐2.5) and 3.9 (3.5‐5.4) fig kg−1, respectively. Daltroban dose‐dependently increased MAP with a maximum amplitude of 42.2 ±4.4 mmHg at a dose of 80 μkg−1 [ED50 = 94 (64–125) fig kg1], similar to that induced by U‐46619 (41.3 ±9.6 mmHg) at a dose of 0.63 fig kg−1 [ED50 = 0.22 (0.13‐0.24) fig kg−1]. SQ 29,548 (10–2500 μg kg−1, i.v.; n = 4 per group) failed to modify significantly any of these parameters. 4 Our results clearly demonstrate that daltroban, in a similar manner to the TxA2 analogue, U‐46619, but unlike the TxA2 receptor antagonist, SQ 29,548, exhibits significant intrinsic activity in human platelets in vitro and in the rat vasculature in vivo, possibly through TxA2 receptor activation.


The Belgian Parliamentary Act on Euthanasia of May 28, 2002, provides a clearexample in the context of a conference dedicated to the efficiency of legal norms and challenges of the current decade. The legislation entails a vibrant and sensitive subject in society. Currently only a minority of countries worldwide have legislation covering euthanasia. When the law was made, an explicit provision was decided that ensured its workings would be subject to a parliamentary evaluation. Vast and detailed hearings have taken place in the Belgian Senate to make this legislative evaluation concrete. The changes to the Belgian law on euthanasia have taken place after a long and vast process in Belgian parliament. It provides a clear example of legislative evaluation, its mechanisms and its impact on the parliamentary assembly and society as a whole. This process has given way to multiple proposals of law to alter, expand or limit the scope and mechanisms enshrined in it. This year, these have led to a parliamentary majority agreeing tosignificantly enlarge the population eligible to make use of its provisions. From now, minors also fall under the scope of the legislation. Given the international attention that has been given to the current widening of the scope of the Belgian law on euthanasia, the authors consider it to be a very relevant topic for an international setting. Finally, since the new law is being voted for as this research takes place, and has yet to be finalized between now and thedate of the conference, the topic can hardly be more relevant. This paper analyses the 2002 Act, the applied process of evaluation, how it has led to an agreement on the—even more sensitive—subject of opening up its scope to children, and the concrete changes and mechanisms in the renewed 2014 legislation


Data of plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), that includes both traditional hybrids electric vehicles (HEV) with the additional opportunity to recharge the battery by plugging into an electric outlet such as the Toyota Prius Prime, and battery electric vehicles (BEV) with range extender such as the BMW i3 REx, demonstrate the need of a less constrained research and development to optimize the design of electric vehicles with range extender for better energy economy and range. BEV with smaller, rather than larger, batteries, and onboard high‐efficiency electricity production, are superior economically and environmentally, until the times the electricity production will be overwhelming renewable, there will be a widespread recharging infrastructure, materials to produce the batteries will be abundant and ethically sourced, and the disposal of the batteries will be properly addressed. A hypothetical BMW i3 with a 30 Ah battery pack, and a high‐efficiency ICE, may have an MPGe (miles‐per‐gallon equivalent) working electric of 127 miles, a MPGe between 62 and 127 while sharing the energy supply, and a MPGe of 62 only using the gasoline energy supply.


The beauty of snowflakes originates from the very different ways the ice crystals grow in different environments (1, 2). The amazing variety of snowflake crystal shapes occurs despite the fact that the crystalline structure of snow is always the same: the thermodynamic equilibrium shape is a simple hexagonal crystal. Therefore, the path taken in the nucleation and growth of the ice appears to be more important in determining the final result than the thermodynamic equilibrium state. In PNAS, Lee et al. (3) show that the nucleation pathway for salts precipitating from aqueous solutions is also rather more complicated than the simple formation of a crystalline nucleus that spontaneously forms and subsequently grows. There is still a lot of debate on the conditions under which perfect single crystals are formed, as opposed to the formation of "imperfect" or multiple crystals of different shapes, sizes, and crystalline structures (4⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓–14). Crystallization is traditionally very important for many processes, from the production of steel to the purification of chemicals. In the pharmaceutical and chemical industry high purity is a requirement and is achieved through multiple recrystallizations. For crystallography, the structure of many important biological molecules, such as DNA, and many proteins was unraveled by X-ray diffraction that necessitates good-quality single crystals; all this necessitates a good comprehension of crystal nucleation and growth.

Lee et al. (3) follow the crystallization of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) in evaporating, levitated droplets of aqueous solutions of this salt using a very clever experimental set-up that integrates electrostatic levitation with in situ micro Raman spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering. In this way, the authors are able to investigate the evolution of salt solutions before and during crystal precipitation and reveal the sequence of events that lead to …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: N.Shahidzadeh{at}uva.nl.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


18 Aim 19 Transitions Theory 20 Developmental Transition 20 Situational Transition 20 Health-Illness Transition 21 Organizational Transition 21 Transition Conditions 22 Patterns of Response 24 Analysis of Situational Transitions Literature 26 Academic Transitions 26


The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a solitary parathyroid adenoma. The different manifestations of the disease are due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. "Giant parathyroid adenomas" weigh more than 2 g and are rarely evident in clinical examination. We present a young man who presented with severe bone deformities and a palpable neck lump. After surgery, a giant parathyroid adenoma was removed that weighed 33 g. Adenomas weighing more then 30 g are rare and presentation as a neck lump and severe bone disease has seldom been described. In patients presenting with a palpable neck lump, severe bone disease and renal calculi giant parathyroid adenomas should be considered as a possible culprit.


A new scheme of denoising of infrared image via wavelet transform is proposed.Aimed at the characteristic of noise distribution,the multiplicative noise in infrared image is turned into additive noise using a logarithm.By thresholding processing the wavelet coefficients of noisy infrared image,the original image can be reconstructed.The experimental results show that the infrared image denoising effect has obvious superiority compared with tradition wavelet transform method.


Since correspondence analysis appears to be sensitive to outliers, it is important to be able to evaluate the sensitivity of the data on the results. This article deals with measuring the influence of rows and columns on the results obtained with correspondence analysis. To establish the influence of individuals on the analysis, we use the notion of influence curve and we propose a general criterion based on the mean square error to measure the sensitivity of the correspondence analysis and its robustness. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the notions developed in this article.


High performance computing platforms can benefit from additional bandwidth from the interconnection network because there are many applications with significant communication demands. Further, many HPC applications expressed as MPI programs have stable communication patterns across runs. Ideally, one would like to exploit the stable communication patterns by using global routing of communication paths to minimize network contention. Unfortunately, existing optimal-bandwidth, global routing techniques use mixed integer linear programs which fundamentally do not scale to the sizes that HPC workloads and platforms demand. Consequently, HPC platforms use simple distributed routing techniques, possibly with local adaptive routing, at best. Our design – Scalable Global Routing (SGR) – addresses this gap. Simulations reveal that in a 4096-node, 4D-torus network, SGR achieves global route computation with a speedup of nearly two orders of magnitude over prior global routing techniques. SGR outperforms simpler (non-global) routing techniques such as minimal adaptive routing by a 3.1X margin and non-minimal adaptive routing by a 37% margin.


The sustainability definition is still unclear, and requires more in-depth studies to expand their understandings and their effective implementations. One of the means by which to achieve organizational sustainability presented in literature is the use of the concept of Integrated Management System (IMS). Normative management standards such as ISO 9000, ISO 14000, OHSAS 18000, and SA 8000 stand out with large numbers of accreditation by the companies targeted for joint establishment of an IMS, and more recently, normative standards have been identified as mechanisms to ensure the sustainable development of organizations by the integration of economic development, social progress, and environmental quality. This chapter aims to show the evolution of concept of sustainable development; present a definition for the organizational environment; highlight the interaction term "organizational sustainability" with basic normative standards systems management; and guide organizations by describing how interactions between normative standards and the dimensions of sustainability can occur.


ABSTRACT Comorbidity between schizophrenia and social anxiety disorder (SAD) is found to be considerable. However, contra current conventional psychiatric belief, one might also view social anxiety as appertaining to the schizophrenia spectrum, and not merely as a co-occurring disorder. In this paper, I argue that by comprehensively investigating an unspecific phenomenon, such as social anxiety, we can acquire a grasp of the specific ways-of-being-in-the-world for the person with schizophrenia. In this respect, social anxiety proves revelatory of the Gestalt of schizophrenia, yet, simultaneously, the Gestalt reciprocally illuminates the quality of the social anxiety. I begin by outlining the structure of social anxiety in schizophrenia, which has a qualitatively different structure from social anxiety in itself or in other conditions, since the anxiety primarily is directed toward the social domain as such, i.e., sociality may constitute an ontological threat. Next, I discuss three modalities of social anxiety in schizophrenia: anxiousness about losing uniqueness, fusion anxiety, and engulfment. I end by stressing the importance of the Gestalt-oriented approach in the elucidation of social anxiety in schizophrenia. Additionally, I also introduce some reflections on the relationship between social anxiety and psychosis, and some considerations on psychotherapy for social anxiety in schizophrenia.


Long distance power line communications over medium voltage power distribution networks has a broad application and prospect in the vast rural areas of China. But only a few researches have been done on medium voltage power lines. In order to obtain channel characteristics as well as its model of a medium voltage power line, this paper presents a designing scheme of a DQPSK- based measure-ment system and field measurement results on a typical 10KV medium voltage power line in rural areas of China.


As motivation for the construction of near chromatic polynomials we consider the following experimental design problem. Suppose that we wish to test the effect on rats of two sets of drugs. Let x = {x,, x,, . . . , x, ] and y = { y l , y,, . . . , yn ] denote these sets. In our investigation, experiments will test the interaction of a given drug from set x with one or more drugs from set y. Also, suppose that each test of pairs last 12 hours. We can then form a bipartite graph in which vertices correspond to specific drugs and where the vertices xi and y j are joined by an edge if the corresponding drugs are to be tested together. We see that on any one day drug xi can be paired with at most two other drugs from set y. If X = number of days required to complete the tests, we can note that the near chromatic polynomial will tell us whether completion of the investigation is possible in X days and will provide the number of possible arrangements of these experiments. In addition, the "near chromatic index" will give the minimum number of days required for completion [2].


If innovation is the engine of economies, the partnerships in the Triple Helix model of innovation are the fuel that makes this engine work. Although each member of this model has its defined role, the present study sought to gain a new perspective on these partnerships, including the role of governments. Based on interviews with representatives of universities, companies, and governments in two countries (i.e., Portugal and Spain), this research focused on how innovation partnerships are formed as well as what obstacles to cooperation can arise. The results show that governments can play the role not only of a financier and legislator but also of a direct participant in innovation by entering into partnerships with the other Triple Helix actors. In addition, this study revealed that, irrespective of which partners and needs are in question, these networks operate mostly with public funds.


The l#{243} full-time faculty of the Section for Nephrology have scientific interests in the areas of epithelial transport, hypertension. hereditary renal disease, gene regulation. immunobiology. acute renal failure. and clinical pathologic correlations in glomerular disease. Clinical investigation emphasizes renal transplantation. disorders of potassium homeostasis. natural history of glomerular disease, outcomes in dialysis management. anemia of renal insufficiency. and health care policy. Research training is supported by a training grant from the National Institutes of Health. Yale University School of Medicine is unique in having a large group of distinguished faculty outside of the Section of Nephrology whose research interests include the study of the kidney and who also serve as research mentors for nephrology trainees. This provides fellows with access to a broad range of research projects within the fields of biostatistics. genetics. transplantation biology, physiology. and cell biology. EDITORIAL COMMITIEE


This paper describes an approach to low-level VHDL modeling of digital-to-analog converter (DAC). A 12-bit DAC was modeled and simulated with Cadence NC-Sim simulator to test the feasibility of the approach. The simulation result shows that the approach can achieve faster simulation than circuit simulations with better accuracy than behavioral simulations.


Ionization is one of the most important reactions in ion-atom collisions. The doubly differential cross sections (DDCS), in energy and angle, for electron emission can provide a detailed understanding of the ionization dynamics. A general formulation for constructing the doubly differential recoil ion longitudinal momentum distribution from the measured electron DDCS is presented. This method allows one to obtain longitudinal recoil momenta without the use of a cold jet target. The complementary nature of the electron spectroscopy and the recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy is discussed. The authors use the energy and angular distributions of the electron DDCS in ionization of molecular hydrogen bombarded by bare carbon ions of energy 30 MeV. From these data they have derived the doubly differential electron and recoil ion longitudinal momentum distributions. The single differential distributions are also derived. In each case data are compared to CDW-EIS calculations.


Purpose: To describe the functional outcome, postoperative complications, and complication management of Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in corneal decompensation secondary to Herpes simplex eye disease (HED). Methods: This retrospective interventional case series included 17 eyes that received DMEK for endothelial decompensation secondary to HED. Complete ophthalmological examination, including corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA), anterior segment slit-lamp, and optical coherence tomography assessment, were performed preoperatively and postoperatively at regular follow-up intervals. Visual outcome and complication rates were compared with those of 72 consecutive eyes that received DMEK for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) during the same period. Results: Mean follow-up time was 11.1 ± 5.9 months (range 6–27). CDVA improved from 1.16 ± 0.46 logMAR to 0.62 ± 0.44 logMAR (P = 0.001). Corneal pachymetry significantly decreased from 695 ± 53 &mgr;m at day 1 to 569 ± 88 &mgr;m at 2 months (P < 0.001). Postoperative complications occurred in 12 eyes, including primary graft failure (12%), endotheliitis (29%), corneal ulcers (35%), and cystoid macular edema (18%). Most complications occurred shortly after surgery, with a median delay of 2.5 months. In comparison, the complication rates for DMEK in FECD and PBK were significantly lower (no graft failure, P = 0.005; no endotheliitis, P < 0.001; no corneal ulcers, P < 0.001 and 3% cystoid macular edema, P = 0.046). Conclusions: DMEK surgery significantly improved CDVA in patients with endothelial decompensation due to HED. The rate of postoperative complications was higher than for FECD and PBK. Close follow-up is mandatory and the rate of postoperative inflammatory events suggests that patients should be kept on high doses of oral valacyclovir.


In this paper, we present several improvements on conventional active shape models (ASM) for face alignment. Despite the accuracy and robustness of ASMs in image alignment, its performance depends heavily on the initial parameters of the shape model, as well as the local texture model for each landmark and the corresponding local matching strategy. In this work, to improve ASMs for face alignment, several measures are taken. First, salient facial features, such as the eyes and the mouth, are localized based on a face detector. These salient features are then utilized to initialize the shape model and provide region constraints on the subsequent iterative shape searching. Secondly, we exploit edge information to construct better local texture models for landmarks on the face contour. The edge intensity at the contour landmark is used as a self-adaptive weight when calculating the Mahalanobis distance between the candidate and reference profile. Thirdly, to avoid unreasonable shift from pre-localized salient features, landmarks around the salient features are adjusted before applying global subspace constraints. Experiments on a database containing 300 labeled face images show that the proposed method performs significantly better than traditional ASMs.


The author describes the ENERGY 2000 Swiss national PV R&D programme which has: a policy target of 50 MWp (by the year 2000); an existing capacity of grid connected plants of 4.4 MWp (Dec. 1993), 5.2 MWp (Dec. 1994 estimate); a strong commitment to integration in buildings; rate based subsidies in certain towns (Burgdorf, Lyss and Geneva); and a small public budget for PV. He details how the contribution of the Swiss Federal Office of Energy is: 3 million sfr/a for the promotion programme and P&D projects; and 3 million sfr/a for R&D projects. The total funding in the field of PV in Switzerland was about sfr 23 million in 1993 for R&D and P&D, which comprised 15 million from public and about 8 million from private funds.


Based on the observed daily surface maximum temperature data from 610 stations over mainland China and 162 sites from neighbouring countries during 1981–2010, the impacts of adding climate stations near border areas on daily surface maximum temperature interpolation errors over China were studied using the thin‐plate spline method. The results showed that large improvements of interpolation accuracy in daily surface maximum temperature were achieved in border areas by adding climate information from neighbouring countries. Mean absolute error (MAE) was reduced by an average of 0.6 °C year−1 and the frequency distribution of daily bias narrowed and became more peaked at 21 boundary stations that were withheld from the model‐building process. Although pronounced variation was not found in most part of mainland China at a 10 km × 10 km grid resolution, the interpolated temperature transition between different thresholds became more stable and aligned with elevation gradients in western and northern border areas of China after incorporating data from the 162 foreign stations into the spatial interpolations. Therefore, caution should be taken when generating gridded data sets only based on observed sites in study areas to investigate regional climate change, particularly if border areas with complicated terrain are insufficiently covered by data networks.


This article describes and analyzes the first diplomatic gift presented by the States General of the Netherlands to the Ottoman Sultan Ahmet I in 1612/1613. The extensive and very costly assortment of items was presented to the Sultan in gratitude for capitulations, permitting the Dutch access to Ottoman ports and therefore direct access to trade in the Levant and Mediterranean. This paper describes the diplomatic gift, a long-neglected episode in Dutch material cultural history, and looks in particular at the role that wonder and wonders played in structuring this remarkable encounter between the fledgling Dutch Republic and the Ottoman court.


The Las Vegas area is one of the fastest growing new residential construction markets in the United States, with an annual growth rate of 5 % in 1993. As a result, Nevada Power Company has placed an emphasis on new residential construction. This project develops the elements of a residential new construction heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) program based on an assessment of HVAC installations in new Las Vegas area construction. Key elements include defining the program structure and responsibilities; determining marketing procedures; specifying installers, equipment, and materials; training; sizing and se@g ducts; selecting duct insulation; installing air conditioners; and performing a technical process review and system inspections. Each step is described in detail in this report, enabling interested utilities to readily develop a territory-specific new construction HVAC program.


A recognised shortcoming of the present system of national accounting is the omission of non-market production from national accounts. Various attempts have been made to rectify this by developing measures of the monetary value of non-market production. This paper aims to estimate the monetary value of the childcare provided by households in the United Kingdom, exploiting a unique data source that contains information on the amount of time spent on childcare from two perspectives: that of parents, and that of children. Using this data it is possible to calculate the input into childcare by parents, and the output of care measured in terms of the time each child records being in the presence of, or at the same location as a parent. Information about children aged 0 – 7 years is not available directly. For these children the output was imputed based on information available directly from the output for children aged 8 – 13 years. With this imputation, combined with the available data it was possible to compute the output of care for all children aged 0 -13 years. Having quantified the input and output of care, prices are assigned to get the valuation. The input method uses an experimental methodology developed by Folbre & Yoon (2006) whereby a spectrum of care intensity is defined and appropriate replacement prices are assigned to different points on the spectrum. For the output method, a number of prices were chosen, using data available on the prices UK childminders charge. In addition to this, a valuation of the output is presented, where the prices that are assigned to the output of care, are deflated to take into consideration different levels and types of interaction between parents and children. The ultimate effect of the deflation is to depress the value of the output for older children. The reason for this is that a higher proportion of the time that older children are around their parents is time when they are at the same location as those parents, but not directly interacting with them. The output measure is therefore calculated in three ways: including this time at the same location, excluding it, and finally including it but deflating the price that is assigned. The paper presents results describing the ways in which the value of inputs and outputs vary across households with different numbers and age profiles of children, in both lone mother and two parent households. In addition, a range of values of childcare computed using the input and output methods, are compared to GDP (2005). What is shown is that the value of the input and the value of the output can, under certain circumstances, approximate each other. Methodologically, the paper shows that with appropriate time use data, it is possible to measure the inputs and outputs of childcare produced by households.


A Field experiment was conducted during the season 2016-2017 in AlMahaweel Research Station in Babel Governorate /Ministry of Agriculture to determine the role of irrigation and fertilization management in growth and yield of two wheat varieties IPA 99 and Al-Rasheed 22. The experiment included four irrigation treatments: River water irrigation (I0), Salty well water irrigation (I1), Alternate irrigation one irrigation with river water followed by two irrigation with well water (I2) and Traditional farmer irrigation treatment (I3). Six fertilization treatments: treatment without fertilization and without foliar application (T0), fertilization treatment with NPK without foliar application (T1), fertilization treatment with NPK with foliar application with Zn (T2), fertilization treatment with NPK with foliar application with Zn and Fe (T3), fertilization treatment with NPK with foliar application with Zn, Fe and Mn (T4) and fertilization treatment with NPK with foliar application with Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu (T5). Two varieties of wheat IPA 99 (V1) and Al-Rasheed 22 (V2). Determine the amount and period irrigation depended on sensors reading of volumetric water content was measured using GS3 sensors. Irrigation water was applied at 50% depletion to the depth of effective root zone and calculates depth of water applied up to field capacity. Amount of irrigation water to the local farmer irrigation was determined according to traditional irrigation schedule by farmer up to field capacity. The most important results can be summarized: The amount of irrigation water added varied with a variation of irrigation treatments I0, I1, I2 and I3. The amounts were 4938, 4141, 4864 and 4138 m3 ha-1 for IPA 99 and 4909, 4172, 4829 and 4192 m3 ha-1 for Al-Rasheed 22 respectively, irrigation water quantity added varied depending on the sensor's reading. The irrigation treatment I0, I2 and I3 significantly increased the concentration of N, P and K in grain while the concentration of N, P and K in grain decrease on I1 irrigation treatment for IPA 99 and Al-Rasheed 22. The foliar application treatments significantly increased the concentration of N, P and K in grain for IPA 99 and Al-Rasheed 22.


SUMMARY Proximal colons taken from lambs up to 3 weeks after birth were shown to transport both sodium and chloride from lumen to blood when incubated in vitro. Sodium transport fell into three phases during postnatal development. The first covered the period from birth to 3 days of age when sodium transport was high and equal to that calculated from measurement of short-circuit current. The second was seen in 5- and 7-day-old lambs where the short-circuit current was low and the net transport of sodium was negligible. The third was seen in 2-3-week-old lambs where sodium transport was high, but the short-circuit current was low. Chloride absorption by colons taken from 1-day-old lambs appeared to be in exchange for an anion, possibly bicarbonate. Chloride absorption by colons taken from 3-week-old lambs appeared to be electrogenie or coupled directly to the transport of sodium. A possible explanation for the failure of electrolyte absorption by colons taken from 5- and 7-day-old lambs is discussed.


The data file of downloading records in the P2P downloading software contain the rich personal information. So mining and analyzing the useful clues inside has become a significant means and research area for the computer investigation and forensics. The Thunder which is the typical representative of P2P downloading software and the most popular in China has been emphatically analyzed in this paper, and the data file of downloading records named the ThunderStorage.dat also has been comprehensively parsed, then all the information of downloading records has been restored and extracted. Finally, a computer forensic tool which is effective to restore and extract all the information of downloading records has been researched and designed, it is better to avoid the troubles of research on their encoding format and complex internal logical structure each time. The experimental results show that the computer forensic tool has the advantages as follows: simple operation, stable operation, rapid parsing and correct result, and especially suitable for the computer forensics.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: method to control a multi-phase rectifying unit is carried out by smooth regulation of rectified voltage, which is realised by variation of output voltage of a three-phase autonomous voltage inverter with width-pulse modulation, connected by AC terminals to an inlet of a low-frequency filter (L-shaped), output terminals of which are connected to the primary winding of the three-phase matching transformer, which by secondary phase windings is connected in series with the circuit winding of the converting transformer. Smooth regulation of rectified voltage is carried out by variation of phases and amplitudes of the first harmonics of output voltage of a three-phase autonomous voltage inverter with pulse-width modulation. EFFECT: simplified rectifying unit and its control circuits, with provision of electric energy recuperation from a DC circuit into a power supply circuit. 7 cl, 2 dwg


Studies in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer Preinvasive Disease Patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) generally have been treated with local surgical excision. The overall cure rates are high. Early Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) investigations in this area consist of GOG 31 and GOG 32, both of which were active between 1978 and 1981. GOG 31 compared local excision to cryosurgery in patients with CIN-I and CIN-II, while GOG 32 compared surgical conization to cryosurgery in patients with CIN-III. Both studies were designed to evaluate morbidity and cost. Neither study could be successfully completed. More recently, GOG 207 evaluated the daily use of celecoxib as a chemo preventive for up to 18 weeks in women with CIN-III in a randomized phase II trial. While celecoxib had a similar rate of histologic progression (40% vs. 34.1%), regression was greater for this agent (47.3% vs. 14.3%) in women with high serum VEGF levels suggesting this may be a predictive biomarker of response to therapy (Rader J et al. Gyn Onc 145(2) 2017)


We propose a method for detecting and tracking a human head in real time from an image sequence. The proposed method has three advantages: (1) we employ a fixed-viewpoint pan-tilt-zoom camera to acquire image sequences; with the camera, we eliminate the variations in the head appearance due to camera rotations with respect to the viewpoint; (2) we prepare a variety of contour models of the head appearances and relate them to the camera parameters; this allows us to adaptively select the model to deal with the variations in the head appearance due to human activities; (3) we use the model parameters obtained by detecting the head in the previous image to estimate those to be fitted in the current image; this estimation facilitates computational time for the head detection. Accordingly, the accuracy of the detection and required computational time are both improved and, at the same time, the robust head detection and tracking are realized in almost real time. Experimental results in the real situation show the effectiveness of our method.


Previous studies have demonstrated stapler hepatectomy and use of various energy devices to be safe alternatives to the clamp‐crushing technique in elective hepatic resection. In this randomized trial, the effectiveness and safety of stapler hepatectomy were compared with those of parenchymal transection with the LigaSure™ vessel sealing system.


With the development of highway and automobile industry, theshare for railway transport enterprises in social passenger freight transportmarket is decreasing. To cope with this situation, it needs to optimize thestructure of operating expenses for railway transportation and add "marketingexpenses" in the cost so that the operating expenses can better adapt to therequirements of transport business development.


Spanish Abstract: Empleando el metodo de componentes principales, este articulo examina la generacion de conocimientos y el uso del sistema de propiedad industrial a nivel regional, y propone un indice de regionalizacion, complementado por un analisis comparativo de los costos de transporte, para localizar oficinas de propiedad industrial.English Abstract: With a principal components methodology, this article describes the dynamics of knowledge generation and use of industrial property systems at the regional level, and proposes an index regionalization that offers objective criteria to advance in the location of regional IP offices in Colombia. Results from the index were complemented by a comparative analysis of transportation costs, which allowed ranking the different departments based on their socioeconomic characteristics and generation of technological innovation activities.


Abstract : The primary objective of this project was to determine the military significance of fallout contamination from small yield fission weapons. The specific objectives were to (1) make the necessary measurements during Shot Fig to delineate the fallout gamma-radiation field produced by a land-surface detonation of a fission weapon; (2) use data collected to construct a fallout model for use with any wind pattern, and evaluate extremes in militarily significant contamination intensities for the same yield ranges and (3) define the attendant plutonium contamination problem. A dynamic close-in fallout model is presented for yields of 1 to 100 tons, which accounts for growth and drift of the cloud during its rise and is consistent with Fig measurements of cloud shine and amount of activity deposited, together with dose-rate intensity as functions of downwind distance. Keywords: Fallout; Contamination; Low Yield Bursts.


Based on interviews with Nobel laureates, Merton^ observes that eminent scientists get disproportionately great credit for their contributions to science, while relatively unknown scientists tend to get disproportionately little credit for comparable contributions. Merton also proposes and supports the related hypothesis that a scientific contribution will have a greater visibility in the community of scientists when it is introduced by a scientist of high rank than when it is introduced by one who has not yet made his mark. This raises interesting implications as to the beneficial effect of having an established scientist put his or her name on a paper to get better visibility for junior coworkers. One side effect of the acclamation and acceptance given to proven and great scientists is the fact that centers of demonstrated scientific excellence are allocated far larger resources for research than centers that have yet to make their mark.


Most implementations of accumulators, multipliers, or multiplier-accumulator units, operating in a finite integer ring, R(m), are based on ROM's or PLA's. This paper proposes a full adder-based arithmetic unit, called an (FA)-based AU/sub m/, capable of performing both addition and general multiplication at the same time, in R(m). For all moduli, FA-based AU/sub m/'s are shown to execute much faster and have much less hardware complexity and smaller time-complexity products than ROM-based AU/sub m/'s. For large values of m, they are also shown to be less complex and have smaller time-complexity products than ROM-based units, which are capable of performing multiplication only by a constant. Since the proposed units use full adders as the basic building block, they result in easy-to-design, modular, and regular VLSI implementations. >


This study adopted a critical discourse analysis approach to analyze the potential ideological differences between the Iranian President and Deputy Health Minister (DHM) in the representation of issues related to the Coronavirus Pandemic. The analysis was based on the meeting of the national task force against Coronavirus chaired by President Rouhani, held in 2020, and DHM's five press conferences and interviews during the same period. By integrating insights from van Dijk's model (2005), the findings revealed that the President's speech on the Coronavirus Pandemic was highly ideological. However, the DHM had a tendency to use more objective and neutral words in the descriptions of the COVID-19 and express his views in a transparent way. The findings of this study are significant in raising the public's awareness of the manipulative function of the language used by politicians to express political ideologies, even on a public health issue such as the Coronavirus Pandemic.


Key experiments leading to our present understanding of superconductivity are reviewed. Superconductivity is a low temperature metallic state characterized, as the name suggests, by an immeasurably large electrical conductivity. Historically this phenomenon was discovered by Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911 during an investigation of the electrical resistivity of very pure mercury. He noted a precipitous drop in the resistance of his sample in a temperature interval of a few thousandths of a degree Kelvin (see Figure 1). The drop was at least a factor of 105, and, within the accuracy of his experiment, the resistivity went to zero. He further noted that the effect was relatively insensitive to additions of small amounts of impurity, thus rnling out the possibility of its being due to the presence of a perfect lattice. The conclusion was that the metal had transformed into a new "superconducting" state. More sophisticated measurements capable of detecting resistivities 10-12 times the resistivity of very pure copper have failed to show any trace of resistance. The importance of this discovery, both from the fundamental aspect of understanding how electrons can traverse a metal with no energy loss, and from a practical aspect of relieving difficulties which arise from Joule heating, is readily apparent. . In the years following the initial discovery, it was determined that temperature and magnetic field are two important parameters governing the occurrence of superconductivity. The situation may be briefly summarized as follows. In zero magnetic field, certain metals .and alloys enter the superconducting state at the critical temperature, Tc, and l'emain superconducting at lower temperatures. The value of Tc is a characteristic physical property of the substance, ranging in value from 0.14 °K for iridium to 18.0°K for Nb3Sn. At temperatures below Tc, the application of a sufficient magnetic field destroys the superconductivity and the metal reverts to the normal state, having substantiallv the characteristics of the metal above Tc· The field strengtl{ necessary to quench superconductivity, when plotted as a function of temperature (Figure 2) forms a phase boundary entirely analogous to the solid-liquid phase boundary in a subi Contribution No. 1319. Work was perfonned in the Ames Laborato1y of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. i Institute for Atomic Research and Deparhnent of Physics, Iowa State Uniersity, Ames, Iowa.


DBSCAN is a base algorithm for density-based clustering. It can find out the clusters of different shapes and sizes from a large amount of data, which is containing noise and outliers. However, it is fail to handle the local density variation that exists within the cluster. Thus, a good clustering method should allow a significant density variation within the cluster because, if we go for homogeneous clustering, a large number of smaller unimportant clusters may be generated. In this paper, an enhancement of DBSCAN algorithm is proposed, which detects the clusters of different shapes and sizes that differ in local density. Our proposed method VMDBSCAN first finds out the "core" of each cluster—clusters generated after applying DBSCAN. Then, it "vibrates" points toward the cluster that has the maximum influence on these points. Therefore, our proposed method can find the correct number of clusters.


This article focuses on the operation and management of agency labour by employers and observes that there are strong contradictions between the employers' stated reasons for using agency labour and the employment agencies' perceptions of why such labour is utilised. While discussing agency labour generally, the article also takes account of the position of migrant workers within the agency sector, since agencies have represented a significant route into employment for migrant labour. It draws primarily on 22 in-depth interviews with employers and employment agencies mainly in the food processing, cleaning and care sectors. The research revealed that while some employers were using agency staff to cover for specific peaks in production, others had used it as an alternative method of dealing with vacancies that otherwise might have resulted in permanent employment.


Background As a mental health issue, suicide is a growing global concern, with patients who have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being at particularly high risk. This study aimed to investigate whether the link between PTSD and suicidal ideation is mediated by trauma-related guilt. Methods Data were obtained from Wave 1, Time 1 (November 2016), and Time 2 (March 2017) of the National Survey for Stress and Health (NSSH) in Japan. The NSSH is an online longitudinal survey conducted on Japan's national population aged 18 years and older. The cumulative response rate of the survey was 66.7% at Time 2. A total of 1,005 patients with PTSD were included for analyses. The severity of PTSD symptoms was assessed with PTSD DSM-5 Checklist, and the trauma-related guilt were assessed using the two subscales (hindsight-bias/responsibility and global guilt scale) of the trauma-related guilt inventory (TRGI). Suicidal ideation was evaluated using the suicidal ideation attributes scale (SIDAS). Pearson's correlation was used to investigate the associations among PTSD symptoms, TRGI scores, and SIDAS scores. Causal mediation analysis was applied to evaluate the causal relationship between PTSD, trauma-related guilt, and suicidal ideation. Results Pearson's correlation did not show patients' age, gender, and household income significantly associated with SIDAS scores. On the other hand, severities of PTSD symptoms (r = 0.361, p < 0.001) and trauma-related guilt (r = 0.235, p < 0.001) were positively associated with SIDAS scores. After adjusting for age, gender, and household income, the mediation analysis revealed that trauma-related guilt significantly mediates the effects of PTSD symptoms on suicidal ideation. Conclusion Our results implied that trauma-related guilt may represent a critical link between PTSD and suicidal ideation, which may be a noteworthy target for therapeutic intervention.