We generalize the domain structure for stationary black hole space-times to include asymptotically de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter space-times. Given a set of commuting Killing vector fields of a space-time the domain structure lives on the submanifold of the orbit space on which at least one of the Killing vector fields has zero norm. In general the domain structure provides topological and geometrical invariants of black hole space-times that in specific cases have proven to be a crucial part of a full characterization leading to uniqueness theorems. In four and five dimensions the domain structure generalizes the rod structure. We examine in detail the domain structure for four, five, six and seven-dimensional black hole space-times including a very general class of spherically symmetric and static black hole space-times as well as the exact solutions for Kerr-(Anti)-de Sitter black holes. While for asymptotically Anti-de Sitter space-times the domain structures resemble that of asymptotically flat space-times, the domain structures of asymptotically de Sitter space-times are shown to be compact. Finally, we find under certain assumptions that the horizon topologies for four- and five-dimensional black holes are restricted by our domain structure analysis.


Objective To explore the effect of residual skeletal muscle on intra-articular healing of tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods After ablation of ACL from bilateral of 30 New Zealand rabbits, the semi-tendon and semi-muscle graft (SSG) as well as the total tendon graft (TTG) prepared with their own achilles tendon were used separately for ACL reconstruction at each side of knee. After animals' sacrifice, specimens of the intra-articular grafts were collected at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after operation, with 10 animals in each time point. Five micron thickness slices at the central part of the graft in longitudinal plane, stained with HE and TB staining methods, were used for histological evaluation and fibroblast count under high power fields in the center of the sample. Results At 2 weeks, in SSG group, skeletal muscle became degenerative and atrophic, accounted for 10%-40% of total area of the SSG sample. In the tendon part of SSG, collagen fibers arranged regularly with few fibroblasts. Similarly, collagen fibers of the tendon in TTG group also organized in order with very few fibroblasts. At 4 weeks, no large sheet of residual skeletal muscle was seen in SSG, dense connective tissue with poor oriented collagen fibers and vigorous proliferation of fibroblast were found in the center of SSG sample. In contrast, the collagen fibers of TTG arranged irregularly with slack proliferation of fibroblast. At 8 weeks, there was still vigorous proliferation of fibroblast in the center of SSG, and alignment of collagen fibers tended to orientation. However, TTG was still dense connective tissue with oriented collagen fibers and slight proliferation of fibroblast in the center. The numbers of fibroblast in the center of the sample were much higher in SSG group than those in TTG group at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t =6.194, 16.738, 9.613, P 0.05). 2 × 3 factorial variance analysis showed that among the different types of grafts, as well as from different observative time points, central compartmental fibroblast counts showed significant difference (F = 277.67, 262.72, P 0.05); between graft treatment methods and observative time points, there existed significant interaction (F = 69.68, P 0.05). Conclusion The residual skeletal muscle in the tendon graft is favorable to the proliferation of tissue cell within the intra-articular grafts, which may improve incorporation, healing and remodeling of the graft.


Forty two patients with functionally incapacitating 2+ or 3+ anterior instability underwent anterior cruciate ligament sub stitution using a meniscus (25 patients) or central third of the patellar tendon (17 patients). Subjective and objective evalua tions were personally performed on all patients with an average followup of 15 months. Seventy-nine percent of the patients were objectively graded successful. Objective results were pri marily based on the surgeon's technical ability to correct completely all components of anterior instability at the time of surgery. Subjective results were multifactorial and were cor related primarily with patient expectations, the presence or absence of continued buckling and the ability to return to recreational activities. The only observed difference between the two types of cru ciate substitutions was the average loss of 6° of flexion in the central third of the patellar tendon group. Both the patellar tendon and meniscus clinically appeared to be successful in traarticular cruciate substitutes which can predictably correct moderate to severe anterior instability of the knee in a high percentage of patients.


The main goal of the bearing-only target motion analysis (BOTMA) is to determine the target's kinematic parameters such as position, course, and speed by only using the bearings reported by an onboard passive sensor (e.g., a sonar or an ESM [electronic support measures] device). This chapter provides a brief description of the BOTMA problem. Next, it discusses the implementation of the Kalman filtering technique to solve the problem. The authors then discuss the variations of the Kalman filtering (i.e., the extended and unscented Kalman filters). They also propose a genetic algorithm metaheuristic that incorporates a novel search space narrowing technique to solve the BOTMA problem and present numerical results for different noise conditions. They finally highlight the future research directions for modeling and solving the BOTMA problem.


Aims: To identify factors that undergraduate pharmacy students valued most highly in a rural clinical placement experience. Methods: Pharmacy students from four universities were invited to participate in a survey and/or focus group. A 42 item questionnaire was used in which students were asked to rate various aspects of their rural placement on a five point Likert scale. During the focus groups students were invited to explore positive and negative aspects of their rural placement and to make suggestions for future placements. Results: About 108 students responded to the questionnaire and 26 participated in the focus groups. Students rated most highly the role of the preceptor in making their rural placement a success. Two themes emerged from the focus groups which highlighted the relationship between preceptorship and learning. Conclusion: Students valued their placements highly when they were in a supportive learning environment, with an organised structure and adequately supported by the universities.


This protocol provides a detailed decription of the experimental procedure, including nanosensor farbication and characterization, in vivo microinjection, and in vivo imaging of acetylcholine release in the submandibular ganglion of mice. DOI dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bmmxk47n PROTOCOL CITATION Junfei Xia, Hongrong Yang, Michelle Mu, Nicholas Micovic, Kira E. Poskanzer, James Monaghan, Heather Clark 2021. In vivo imaging of acetylcholine release in the peripheral nervous system with a fluorescent nanosensor. protocols.io https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bmmxk47n


Whole-body-vibration can be say to that part of vibration which received by a person's body, from the machine. Subsoiling is heavy draft farm operation so to know the effect of subsoiling on vibration, it needs documentation which helps to decide safe exposure limits in sense of duration of safe subsoilling hours. For study, three subsoilers as single tine straight shank subsoiler (S1), double tine straight shank subsoiler (S2), and double tine curved shank subsoiler (S3) at three different depths (20-25, 25-30, and 30-35 cm) performed subsoiling and evaluated the effect of subsoiling on different parameters as vibration, fuel consumption, wheel slip, draft, and soil disturbance area were observed and analyzed. The vibration was increased as operating depth was increased. It was recorded maximum at depth of 30-35 cm (d3) for "X" direction as 0.296 m/s2, for "Y" direction as 0.284 m/s2, for "Z" direction as 0.431 m/s2, and for total acceleration (Ahv) as 0.451 m/s 2. The vibration in "X" direction was increased 5.86 % and 11.64 %, in "Y" direction was increased 6.52 % and 12.42 %, in "Z" direction was increased 3.68 % and 8.11 %, and Ahv was increased 10.23 % and 13.59 %, for d2 and d3 depths compared to d1 depth. On the other hand, the fuel consumption, wheel slip, and draft were found maximum for S2 subsoiler and minimum for S1 subsoiler. Soil disturbance area was observed maximum for S2 subsoiler and minimum for S1 subsoiler. Also same effect as vibration, the increased subsoiling depth resulted increased in these parameters. The safe exposure working hours were calculated as work with S1 subsoiler at the depths of d1, d2, and d3 were 8 h, 6 h, and 4 h respectively. Same as for S2 subsoiler were 4 hours at all depths and for S3 subsoiler it was calculated 4 to 6 hours. In conclusion, single tine subsoiler can be a better option for subsoiling. Only the soil disturbance area and field capacity becomes half as compared to double tine subsoilers. keywords: whole-body-vibration, subsoiling, vibration database, safe exposure period.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common types of arthritis worldwide, especially in the elderly. A wide range of cytokines and inflammatory mediators are expressed in the joints in RA. However, TNF-α is placed at the heart of the inflammatory process in RA. The aim of this work was to compare spontaneous and LPS induced TNF-α production between early and late RA patients which affect the treatment regimen, and to detect the association of TNF-α –308A/G polymorphism in Egyptian patients with RA using PCR-RFLP.Our results shows that LPS induced TNF-α production is high in late RA patients (disease duration > 1 year) not early patients (disease duration < 1 year). Also this study found no association between TNF-α –308A/G polymorphism in Egyptian patients with RA. Key Indexing Terms: Lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, rheumatoid arthritis, 308(a/g) tnf-α polyorphism. INTRODUCTION heumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with 1% prevalence in the industrialized world. It comprises a syndrome of pain, stiffness, and symmetrical synovitis (inflammation of the synovial membrane) of diarthrodial joints (freely moveable joints such as the knee) that leads to articular destruction, functional decline, and substantial comorbidity in the cardiovascular, neurologic, and metabolic systems (Brennan and McInnes, 2008). Disease onset generally occurs between 30 and 55 years of age, and women are affected more often than men (Donahue, et al., 2008). RA is one of the most common types of arthritis worldwide, especially in the elderly. They not only cause pain and physical disability that lead to a substantial consumption of health resources, but also lead to productivity losses and early retirement (Xie, 2008). A wide range of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators are expressed in the inflamed joints in RA. However, TNF-α is placed at the heart of the inflammatory process in RA (Macías et al., 2005). There is considerable evidence implicating TNF-α as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. TNF-α has been shown to have pro-inflammatory properties by stimulating the production of prostaglandin E, collagenase as well as other cytokines such as IL-1 and IL-6. Increased levels of TNF-α expression have been observed in the synovial fluid and in the tissue from rheumatoid arthritis patients (Gao-yun et al., 2010). Rheumatoid arthritis is a heterogeneous disease where both genetic and environmental factors have important roles in pathogenesis.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p ubmed/9236671 A genetic contribution to the development of rheumatoid arthritis is estimated to account for about 30% of the disease risk. Many genes contribute in the development of the disease, genes for cytokines that play a key role in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis are claimed to play an important role in the disease pathogenesis. Among them, IL ‐1 and TNF-α are central mediators of joint inflammation and R _____________________________________________________________________________________ Sadeq R.A. et -52Zagazig Medical Journal Vol. (17), No( 2 ) April,2011 Analysis Of Tumor Necrosis Factor -Alpha (TNF-α )--------destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (Kazkaz et al., 2007). Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the human TNF-α gene promoter. Several TNF-α promoter SNPs had been detected238, -308, -376, -857, -863, -1031 (Waldron-Lynch et al., 2001). The polymorphism at position -308 has been implicated in the regulation of TNF-α transcription. The TNF-α promoter polymorphism at -308 involves a biallelic single-base pair transition from G to A. Generating two different allele TNF1 (G/G) and TNF2 allele which may be heterozygous (G/A) or homozugous (A/A) ((Surianoetal., 2005). Reports regarding the effect of -308 position polymorphism on the susceptibility and severity of RA are contraversal The aim of this study wastoanalyze the capacity of TNF-α production by PBMC stimulated with LPS in patients with early RA (disease duration < 1 yr) and those with long-standing RA (> 1 yr) and to detect the association of -308 TNF-α promoter gene polymorphism and RA. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study was performed in Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, during the period from December 2008 to December 2009. Patients included in the study (table 1): Patients included in the study were diagnosed according to the criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis determined by The American College of Rheumatology(Tehlirian and Bathon, 2008). Patients were classified in to two groups. Patients with early disease activity < 12 months. This group included 1 male and 14 female with age range from 24 to 62 years with the mean age (40.8±12.3).Patients with late disease activity >12 months. This group included 2 males and 13 females with age range from 30 to 59 years with mean age (45.9±9.3).Healthy donors:Blood samples were obtained from 15 healthy donors from the Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department. None of the participants reported any history ofacute or chronic medical problems.This group included 3 males and 12 females with age ranged from 30 to 52 years with mean age (38.53±7.7). Table 1: Subjects included in the study Control group Early RA patients Late RA patients Total number 15 15 15


Multi-motor synchronous transmission is a crucial technology in dyeing control systems. When the current system suffers from sudden unpredictable, uncertain or nonlinear changes, the traditional adaptive control method will fail to fulfill the task of synchronous control. A new fuzzy-extension control strategy, which combines fuzzy theory and the extension concept, is proposed here to solve this problem. With this method, two controllers are employed in the system simultaneously- the fuzzy controller is used to deal with gradual time-variant situations (i.e. quantitative change) while the extension controller is responsible for sudden time-variant situations (i.e. qualitative change). The designed fuzzy-extension controller can switch its mode of control through an intelligent switch. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller has satisfied performance requirements.


The rapid development of the Indonesian economy demands that one industry sector to be more competitive in the face of competition. Industry Kereta Api ( Persero ) Madiun  is the largest industry and is the only company that makes specialized transportation including  trains and in Java and Sumatra. Large industrial companies or automatically have greater financial conditions, this study aims to analyze and evaluate the costs  -  costs that have come out or in use in the production process and the other using the standard  methods of cost and time series. Data used in this study using quantitative data in the form of financial statements. INKA (Persero) Madison during the period of 2010 to 2012. This study on the costs of production that can be controlled with standard costs by calculating the difference in cost. Such differences include the difference in the cost of raw materials, the difference in labor cost and overhead cost difference. Methods of  data collection in this study using the method of documentation by evaluating the financial statements and the cost of production. Data analysis techniques used by calculating the difference in the cost of raw materials, the difference in labor costs and excess overhead costs by using the formula with time series from year to year. The results showed that in 2010 and in 2011 production costs for raw materials, labor and factory overhead standard is still in the  company, it indicates the year the company was  still effective and efficient in managing operating costs, especially in the production. Whereas in 2012 showed that the production costs for raw material costs , labor costs and factory overhead costs have not been sufficient to meet the company's standards, it indicates the year the company is not maximized in Managing production cots. Keywords  :Control Cost,  Production Cost, Standard Cost Method, and PT INKA ( Persero ) Madiun


Joanne finally found contentment and professional fulfillment at NASA, where she supervised the development and launch of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and served as a mentor to many colleagues.


In June 2019 the Risk Coalition published a consultation document of their principles and guidance for board risk committees and risk functions in the UK financial services sector. This draft document entitled "Effective Risk Oversight in a Changing World" was open for public comment until 20th September 2019 and the Risk Coalition plans to issue the final version of the guidance in December 2019. The Risk Coalition aspires to improve risk governance and risk management in the UK financial services sector by providing clear and authoritative principle-based guidance. This guidance sets out to (a) develop a common understanding of the purpose and remit of board risk committees and risk functions, (b) raise expectations and promote good practice of risk oversight in UK financial services, and (c) provide a benchmark against which board risk committees and risk functions can be objectively assessed.

This submission provides comments to address the risk oversight issue from two distinct perspectives:

1. General Observations

This section addresses the following issues in the context of risk oversight: (a) the requirement for holistic risk oversight, and (b) delivering a holistic risk oversight framework

2. Response to Specific Questions

This section provides feedback in relation to the specific consultation questions outlined by the Risk Coalition in the consultation document.

Post-mortem investigations into the causes of ongoing corporate fiascos and financial scandals continue to identify both failures in corporate governance and poor risk management as major contributors. I welcome the initiative to provide clear and authoritative principles-based guidance in the area of risk governance, risk oversight, and risk management. Improved risk oversight can have a very important role to play in helping to better safeguard stakeholder interests going forward. The comments included in this submission are therefore intended to be a constructive attempt to contribute to the further improvement of the consultation document prior to being finalised.


The author, having referred to the value of carefully prepared reports on the ornithology of particular districts, characterised the physical features of that part of Linlithgowshire in which his observations had mainly been made, and showed that it is well fitted for the support of a comparatively large number of species of birds. He stated that the following list had been gradually formed as the result of observations spread over fifteen years. Most of the species named had come under his own notice; for a few he had been indebted to Thomas Durham Weir, Esq. of Boghead, an accurate observer. The classification followed is that which he had found most helpful to his own studies. Species seldom met with are printed in italics.


The present study was conducted to evaluate the acute and subchronic effect of chlorpyrifos on some biochemical parameters in the blood serum of exposed quail. The results illustrated that exposure to sublethal single doses (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 LD50) for 24 hours lead to an elevation of haemoglobin, ammonia and glucose (to some extent), while bilirubin, cholesterol, phospholipids, urea N and uric acid content decreased. In contrast, total protein and creatinine showed an irregular trends. Inorganic P was significantly increased at the highest dose (LD50 value) while triglycerides content increased significantly only in case of administration of the lowest dose (0.1 LD50). Concerning the effect of daily administration of the low sublethal dose (0.1 LD50) for 3 months, it was found that haemoglobin, ammonia, total protein and triglycrides increased, while bilirubin decreased in the treated birds during the whole period of the experiment. On the other hand, cholesterol, phospholipids, creatinine and uric acid did not change significantly. The results indicated also that glucose, inorganic P, urea – N changed irregularly. These changes in the blood constituents may be explained on the basis of liver and / or kidney dysfunction, tissues damage in addition to enhancement or inhibition of the activity of some regulating enzymes.


A building can be considered as having a good thermal performance if it can make the occupant comfortable. Thermal comfort can be seen from the occupant's respond toward the architectural elements and the environment, such as lighting, the room crowding, air temperature, humidity, oxygen level, and occupant's behaviours. The objective of this research is to analyse the thermal performance of four different orientation houses in mountainous area. The research was conducted on the four expose stone houses with four different orientations in the slope of Sindoro Mountain which has relative cool temperature, about 26°C. The measurement of the elements above was done quantitatively and qualitatively for 24 hours. The results are as follows. First, the most comfortable house is west-orientation house. Second, based on the quantitative and qualitative observation, there is no significant difference (±5 %). Third, the occupant's behaviours (caring and genen) also become factors influencing occupant's comfort.


To present a national socioeconomic portrayal of Latino neighborhoods, this study examines 1980 and 1990 census tracts that are at least 50 percent Latino. It investigates the determinants of poverty rates and transitions into and out of poverty concentration. A special focus in this analysis is the relationship between immigration and poverty.


max. 2000 char.): This report describes the work done under EFDA contract 06-1478 (EFDA Ref.: TW6-TPDS-DIASUP10). The main part of the work has been focused on: 1) An outline plan for the full development of the CTS diagnostic for ITER, including specifications for future design tasks on the system and R&D tasks on critical components. 2) An engineering design and test in a blanket mock-up of the frontend quasi-optical High Field Side (HFS) antenna system,. 3) Some considerations on the waveguide mounting. 4) Neutronics and thermo-elastic calculations on nuclear and radiative heating of the first mirror required to provide input to the engineering design. 5) An engineering design of the front-end quasi-optical components for the Low Field Side (LFS) system in the port plug. 6) A discussion on possible calibration methods. ISSN 0106-2840 ISBN 978-87-550-3793-9 Contract no.: EFDA 06-1478 Group's own reg. no.: 1710019-26 Sponsorship: European Commission and EFDA


The article contains a theoretical overview, analytical research and directions for improving the management of the bank's financial resources. The main attention in the work was given to the development of directions for improving the management of financial resources of JSC CB "PrivatBank". The theoretical foundations of the management of the bank and its financial resources are disclosed, in particular, the concept of the financial market and the structure of its participants are disclosed, the essence, meaning and types of the bank's financial resources are investigated, and the theoretical aspects of the management of the bank's financial resources are also determined. An analytical review of the activities of JSC CB "PrivatBank" was carried out, in particular, an analysis of the banking system of Ukraine for the years 2017-2022 was carried out. The role and place of JSC KB "PrivatBank" in the domestic banking system in the pre-war and war periods is defined. A comparative characterization of the sources of formation of financial resources of JSC CB "PrivatBank" was carried out. Directions for improving the management of financial resources of JSC CB "PrivatBank" are proposed. The paper examines ways of improving and developing the financial market in Ukraine. The peculiarities of income formation and management of financial resources of JSC KB "PrivatBank" have been determined. The directions for improving the management of financial resources of JSC CB "PrivatBank" are substantiated. Keywords: financial market, banking system, financial resources, management of bank financial resources.


In this report maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) and negligible concentrations (NCs) are derived for Rare Earth Elements (REEs), which are also known as lanthanides. The REEs selected for derivation of environmental risk limits in this report are Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Gadolinium (Gd), and Dysprosium (Dy). Since REEs are natural compounds, the added risk approach is used to derive MPC values. The total amount of toxicity studies for freshwater and saltwater organisms to base the MPA upon is limited, often an assessment factor of 1000 had to be used. For fresh surface water, the derived MPCs range from 1.8 ug/L for Nd to 22.1 ug/L for Ce. For salt surface water the derived MPCs are much lower, from 0.28 ug/L for Ce to 3.8 ug/L for Dy. MPC values for fresh water sediments are also higher than those for salt water sediments. Dutch water and sediment concentrations do not exceed the MPCs of the different REEs. Occasionally, environmental concentrations of REEs exceed the NC-levels.


The piezoelectric properties of the high-Curie temperature (high-TC) 0.15Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.38PbHfO3-0.47PbTiO3 (0.15PMN-0.38PH-0.47PT) ceramics prepared by three different methods were compared. The 0.15PMN-0.38PH-0.47PT ceramics synthesized by the partial oxalate route exhibit the optimum properties, in which d33* = 845.3 pm/V, d33 = 456.2 pC/N, Kp = 67.2%, and TC = 291 °C. The nanoscale origin of the high piezoelectric response of the 0.15PMN-0.38PH-0.47PT ceramics was investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) using the ceramics synthesized by the partial oxalate route. Large quantities of fine stripe submicron ferroelectric domains are observed, which form large island domains. In order to give further insights into the piezoelectric properties of the 0.15PMN-0.38PH-0.47PT ceramics from a microscopic point of view, the local poling experiments and local switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SS-PFM) were investigated, from which the local converse piezoelectric coefficient d33*(l) is calculated as 220 pm/V.The piezoelectric properties of the high-Curie temperature (high-TC) 0.15Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.38PbHfO3-0.47PbTiO3 (0.15PMN-0.38PH-0.47PT) ceramics prepared by three different methods were compared. The 0.15PMN-0.38PH-0.47PT ceramics synthesized by the partial oxalate route exhibit the optimum properties, in which d33* = 845.3 pm/V, d33 = 456.2 pC/N, Kp = 67.2%, and TC = 291 °C. The nanoscale origin of the high piezoelectric response of the 0.15PMN-0.38PH-0.47PT ceramics was investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) using the ceramics synthesized by the partial oxalate route. Large quantities of fine stripe submicron ferroelectric domains are observed, which form large island domains. In order to give further insights into the piezoelectric properties of the 0.15PMN-0.38PH-0.47PT ceramics from a microscopic point of view, the local poling experiments and local switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SS-PFM) were investigated, from which the local converse piezoelectric coefficient d...


The review paper considers the future of Genetically Modified Plants. GM plants are attracting a large amount of media attention and is a major topic of debate owing to various positive and negative impacts of GM plants on the environment and the health of human beings. This paper discuss about the present scenario, techniques applied, procedure followed and future scenario of GM Mustard in India.


This Master thesis deals with prospective automotive financing in China. It is supposed to give a clear overview of the many confusing fragments existing on car finance in China in innumerable press articles and magazines. The paper thus answers who the competitors in the market are and what their aims are, how the actual market situation looks like, what the legal requirements are for automotive financing companies, which risks the market involves, and where strengths and weaknesses of competitors exist. Futhermore, possible consequences for car financers due to the competition, legal requirements, and risks in the market shall be scrutinised.

Therefore, the entire essay was divided into three major parts. The first described the two core groups of competitors, automobile financing companies and the big four Chinese state-owned banks and their aims. In the second part, market conditions were considered. Moreover, I explained the risks in that emerging market and stressed the importance of a sound risk management to minimise threats. The final SWOT analysis brought up strengths and weaknesses between competitors as well as opportunities and threats. Still, risks dominate the market but as I demonstrated foreign automotive financing companies do everything in their power to reach car financing heaven.


The article raises the question about the principles of peaceful cohabitation in multicultural society. The thesis is that the key of this cohabitation is given by the concept of identity: the way in which human beings perceive themselves, i.e. the type of identity that determines their thinking and mode of living. This might lead either to cultural clashes and civilization shock or to the constructive dialogue and peace. Three concepts of identity that dominate today's world are discussed in this paper: the essentialism, the postmodern concept of identity and the notion of open identity. The author claims that only the latter can resolve difficult problems in the relations between different cultures in our societies.


Abstract: In this chapter, the development of an understanding of the mechanisms that control reactor pressure vessel (RPV) embrittlement is explored. It is shown how these insights were strongly coupled with developments in microstructural techniques and how research in this field has underpinned the development of dose–damage correlations.


Magnetic susceptibility and NMR/NQR measurements were performed on Yl_xCaxSr2Cu2GaO7 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3). The single phase samples annealed at 600°C under oxygen pressure of 30 MPa are superconductors with T¢ = 35 K for x = 0.2 and x = 0.3. In spite of the presence of a small Curie-like term, we show that the spin susceptibility in the normal state increases with Ca doping and reaches the value Xspi, 0.9 cm3/Cu-mole, which is comparable to other superconducting cuprates. From the observation of Cu zero-field resonance (AFNR) and susceptibility data the parent compound is classified as 2D antiferromagnet (T N = 387 K). The transition from antiferromagnetic insulator to superconductor occurs with increasing concentration of carders, but extends over several tens percent of Ca. The superconductivity is significantly suppressed by increasing disorder within limits of solubility for Ca. The Ga NQR spectra are narrow in both antiferromagnetic and su~rconducting regimes, but heavily broadened in the intermediate spin-glass-like domain. From x = 0 to x = 0.3, the 6 Cu quadrupole frequency increases from 24 to 28 MHz due to the charge transfer resulting in superconductivity. Other EFG parameters are not markedly changed from those given in YSr2Cu 2GaO7 by Pieper [Physica C 190(1992)261].


001 OBJECTIVES: Acute coronary or pulmonary thrombosis causes numerous cardiac arrests, and survival after thrombolysis during CPR has been reported. We sought to determine if a rapid infusion of tis- sue plasminogen activator (tPA) would benefit selected pulseless electrical activity (PEA) cardiac arrest patients. METHODS: Prehospital or ED adult cardiac arrest patients with at least one minute of PEA (rate >20/min) who remained pulseless after intuba- tion, 500 cc IV saline, and 1 mg IV epinephrine were eligible. Patients with reversible causes of PEA or contraindications to throm- bolysis were excluded. Subjects were randomized to receive tPA (100 mg IV over 15 minutes) or an equal volume of placebo in a double- blind fashion. Standard resuscitation measures were then continued for a minimum of 15 minutes. RESULTS: From February 1998 to September 1999, 1583 cardiac arrests were treated and 233 patients enrolled (117 tPA, 116 placebo). Baseline characteristics and survival predictors were similar in the two treatment groups. There was one survivor to hospital discharge in the tPA group (0.9%, 95% CI 0.0% to 4.7%) and none in the placebo group (0%, 95% CI 0.0% to 3.1%), p = NS. The survivor had a fully functional recovery. The proportion of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was 21.4% in the tPA group and 23.3% in the placebo group (difference –1.9%, 95% CI –12.6% to +8.8%), p = NS. CONCLUSIONS: This study was designed with 80% power to detect an increase in survival to hospi- tal discharge from a 1% estimated baseline to 10.3% with treatment. We found no evidence for a treatment effect of this magnitude. It remains undetermined whether selected subgroups may benefit from thrombolysis during CPR. OBJECTIVES: To provide a current description of the time compo- nents in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in Canada. METHODS: Data from the FASTRAK™ II observational database was analyzed. The database has documented time intervals in 4,749 patients treated in 111 contributing institutions across Canada in 1998. RESULTS: The mean time from onset of symptoms to admission to hospital was 153 minutes (2.55 hours). Only 8.2% of patients received fibrinolysis in less than one hour after onset of symptoms. Time from arrival at hospital to acquisition of first 12-lead ECG was 14 min. Mean time from diagnostic ECG to decision to treat was 31 min, and time from decision to treat to administration of fibrinolytic therapy was 14 min. The overall average time from arrival at hospital to administration of fibrinolysis was 56 min. Analysis of time intervals showed that 31.6% of patients had therapy in less than 30 min, 16.6% had therapy within 30–40 min, 22.5% of patients had received therapy by 40–60 min and 29.3% of patients did not have therapy for more than 60 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: In Canada in 1998, time from onset of symptoms to hospital presentation precludes early fibrinolyt- ic administration in many cases. Time intervals from arrival in the emergency department to administration of fibrinolytic therapy is longer than published and accepted standards. Strategies to alter health seeking behaviour and to minimize in-hospital delays are needed. OBJECTIVES: Identification of the location of out-of-hospital car- diac arrest is necessary to optimize the placement of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) within the community. This study deter- mined the locations of cardiac arrest, and developed a placement strategy for Public Access Defibrillation (PAD) to maximize future AED accessibility. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included all adult, nontraumatic, out-of-hospital cardiac arrests with- in an advanced life support (ALS) system. The city population was over 750,000 with a land area amongst the largest of any city in North America. Chart review revealed the location of arrest, which was then categorized by location type. RESULTS: From 1992 to 1996, there were 1,410 consecutive cardiac arrests. Of these, 82% occurred in private residences or outside as follows: 58% occurred in private homes, 10% in apartment buildings, and 14% in the street or within a vehicle. There was no apparent tendency for these arrests to cluster in particular locations (e.g., older neighbourhoods) or high population areas. The remaining 18% of cardiac arrests occurred in public venues: 5% in nursing homes, 5% in large (>250 people) public buildings, most often hotels, airport and fitness facilities, and 8% in smaller (<250 people) public buildings, most commonly golf courses, doctor/dentist offices and restaurants or bars. CONCLUSIONS: Although relatively few cardiac arrests occur in public locations, current PAD programs have focussed on these higher density areas as a strategy for providing greater coverage with fewer AED placements. The visible placement of AEDs where people work, shop and recre- ate will likely increase public awareness of the recognition and management of cardiac arrest. However, the vast majority of cardiac arrests occur in private locations and responsible PAD programs must continue to explore other feasible methods of optimizing rapid access to defibrillation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prehospital factors associated with optimal quality of life for survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, within the Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support (OPALS) Study. METHODS: The OPALS Study is a large EMS trial that eval-uates BLS-D and ALS interventions for cardiac arrest, trauma, and respiratory distress in 20 communities. This prospective cohort sub-study included all adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients during the rapid defibrillation or ALS phases of the OPALS Study (1995–99) and who survived to one year. Patients were evaluated for the Health Utilities Index (HUI) Mark 3, which describes health as a utility score on a scale from 0 (dead) to 1.0 (perfect health). Analyses included appropriate univariate tests and stepwise logistic regression to model HUI scores >0.80. RESULTS: The 5,022 consecutive car- diac arrest patients had overall survival rates of 5.1% to hospital discharge and 4.0% to one year. This sub-study included 189 (93.6%) of 1-year survivors: mean age 64.0 (range 16–94), bystander-witnessed 60.0%, EMS-witnessed 24.6%, citizen-initiated CPR 34.4%, initial rhythm VF/VT 89.1%, response with defibrillator <8 minutes 98.9%, and best CPC category 86.9%. The overall median HUI score was 0.88 (IQR 0.74–0.95) which compares well to age adjusted values for the general population (0.85). Logistic regression identified 3 factors independently associated with good quality of life and their odds ratios (95% CIs): male gender 2.3 (1.1–5.2), EMS-witnessed arrest 3.1 (1.4–7.2), and citizen-initiated CPR 2.6 (1.3–5.4) (Hosmer– Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: This represents the largest known study of 1-year survivors and is the first to demonstrate that citizen-initiated CPR is strongly and indepen- dently associated with better quality of life for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. 95% and univariate associa- tions. 905 consecutive age 65.8, 52.7%, NTG prior to EMS arrival 48.1%. Hospital sur- vival 95.2% immediate adverse outcome rate 16.0% (ED 13.7%, lethal arrhythmia 2.6%, ED pulmonary edema 1.7%, ED hypotension 1.5%, EMS- witnessed cardiac arrest 0.3%). 18.6%, angio- plasty 4.8%, CABG 3.9%, pacemaker 1.2%. The overall survival rate was 95.2%; 71.9% rated "good" at discharge on the CPC scale. The ICD-9 based final diagnoses were: chest pain NYD 17.6%, MI 17.1%, unstable angina 14.6%, stable angina 9.5%, G.I. 8.8%, car- diac dysrhythmias 6.0%, respiratory 5.9%, cardiac other 5.2%. For the proposed clinical trial, a sample size of 13,000 would afford 80% power to detect a 1% difference in hospital survival and a 2% difference in the immediate adverse outcome rate. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive in-hospital review provides an in-depth profile of prehospital chest pain patients and was vital for the design and funding of the chest pain component of the OPALS study, which will evaluate the benefits of prehospital ALS. OBJECTIVE: To assess Canadian emergency physicians' (EPs') atti- tudes to a potential early discharge clinical prediction rule for patients with chest discomfort. METHODS: An anonymous, cross-sectional mail survey of a random sample of 300 members of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP). RESULTS: 82% of the eligible CAEP members surveyed (235/288) responded. 193/216 (89%) estimated a mean of >2 hours for those with coro- nary disease ruled out. Only 11/235 (5%) indicated any follow-up assessment of chest pain patients. Estimates of rates of missed AMIs ranged from 0.1%–10%. 70% of the EPs the survey hour) who are safe for discharge, while not increasing the current percentage of missed acute myocardial infarction (estimated ~2%), would be useful. 59% of respondents prefer a clinical prediction rule to convey a suggested course of action, while 30% prefer a rule to convey a probability of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Canadian EPs are generally supportive of an early discharge clinical prediction rule for patients with chest dis-comfort. Most Canadian EPs believe that a clinical prediction rule which could improve efficiency of clinical decision-making for patients with chest discomfort, while maintaining current levels of safety, would be clinically useful. were calculated. RESULTS: 57 of 2,536 CCC Study cases reviewed were considered to have "clinically unimportant" injuries: i) solitary contusion <5 mm in diameter (28 cases), ii) localized subarachnoid blood <1 mm thick (22), iii) smear subdural hematoma <4 mm thick (8), iv) isolated pneumocephaly (3), and v) closed depressed skull fracture not through the inner table (1). Surveys returned by 129 of 164 physicians (79.0%) showed the following % agreement with the proposed criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Most neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists sup- ported the proposed criteria. Emergency phys


Positron Emission Tomography (PET) image reconstruction presents challenges related to the large scale of data to be processed, which affects reconstruction speed, and the need to include regularizers to improve image quality. Among the methods proposed to overcome these challenges, the recently introduced Stochastic Primal Dual Hybrid Gradient (SPDHG) algorithm combines the ability to deal with regularizers like Total Variation and to process large datasets by random subsampling. We present two contributions regarding the step-sizes of SPDHG: i) larger step-sizes facilitated by a new formula, and ii) a numerical method to calibrate, in the context of PET reconstruction, the tradeoff between primal and dual progression, which is common to all primal-dual algorithms. We validate improvements in speed reconstruction on real PET data from the Siemens Biograph mMR.


THE PURPOSE of this paper is to examine what law means for Critical Theory, and to discuss how the treatment of law in Critical Theory connects in with its wider theoretical concerns, especially with questions regarding the nature and function of modern reason and with attempts to propose viable ideas of political humanism. Most importantly, this paper attempts to show how Critical Theory ties questions about law to the most pressing problems of post-Enlightenment philosophy and social theory, and so contributes to a foundational discourse on the role of law and the validity of law in modern society. My aim is not to give a detailed critical account of the legal theories of the main thinkers associated with Critical Theory. Over recent years, a number of works have been published which discuss the legal ideas of Habermas, and it is not my intention to add to this literature. Work on Adorno's legal thought is altogether more sparse and speculative, but it is also not my ambition to offer a full analysis of Adorno's views on law.1 For this reason, consideration of the major views linked to Critical Theory is quite short, and the queries which I raise are not articulated within a narrowly critical-analytical perspective. Instead, the focus of scrutiny is the relation of criticaltheoretical claims about the law to the philosophical tradition against which these claims have evolved, and the wider problems and preconditions which inform and motivate critical-theoretical reflection on law.


A study has been conducted to evaluate the virtual reality technology and online teaching system among medical students of Bogomolets National Medical University, Ukraine during COVID-19 pandemic. The final questionnaire contained the 15 questions with 5 options to comprehensively evaluate the virtual reality technology and online teaching system. The feedback of the survey was analyzed to find effectiveness of virtual reality technology and online teaching in medical education in Ukraine. Data of survey reflected that mostly students adopted and agreed on virtual reality technology and online teaching and admitted that these technologies are best alternatives to physical learning with the 65.79% an agreement with the user-friendly interface for virtual reality and online teaching system, while, 64.03% showed an agreement that virtual reality and online teaching system compensated the suspension of face-to-face medical education during the COVID-19. During online learning, there was ample time for educational activities as depicted from their response of 36.84% as strongly agree, 35.96% as agree, 6.14% as disagree, 4.39% as strongly disagree and 16.67% as neither agree nor disagree. Tutors/teachers also enjoyed virtual reality and online learning through their experience and flexibility in time management. Likewise, the results of all questions showed positive reviews and encouraged virtual reality and online teaching in academic continuity and stability in medical education in Ukraine. It can be concluded that digital learning environments are extremely effective in terms of medical students and staff satisfaction, accomplishment, and technical learning skill growth.


With the large-scale deployment of solar PV installations, managing the efficiency of the generation system became essential. Generally, the power output is heavily influenced by solar irradiance and sky conditions which are consistently changing. Thus, the ability to accurately forecast the solar PV power is critical for optimizing the generation system, estimating revenue, sustaining profits, and ensuring the quality of service. In this paper, the authors propose a solar PV forecasting model using multiple blocks of GRUs and RNN in a cascade model combined with hierarchical clustering to improve the overall prediction accuracy of solar PV forecast. This proposed model is a combination of hierarchical clustering, the Pearson correlation coefficient for feature selection, and the cascade model with GRU layer from k-means clustering and hierarchical clustering. These results, which are evaluated using NRMSE, show that hierarchical clustering is more suitable for solar PV forecast than k-means clustering.


Abstract Existence and uniqueness proofs for a boundary-value problem associated with a magnetohydrodynamic Falkner–Skan equation are presented. Relevant special cases of the problem herein considered include the magnetohydrodynamic rear stagnation point flow, and the non-magnetic 'backward boundary layers' of Goldstein(2).


Studies of improved seed adoption in developing countries are almost always based on household surveys and are premised on the assumption that farmers can accurately self‐report their use of improved seed varieties. However, recent studies suggest that farmers' reports of seed varieties planted, or even whether the seed is local or improved, are sometimes inconsistent with the DNA fingerprinting results of those crops. We use household survey data from Tanzania to test the alignment between farmer‐reported and DNA‐identified maize seed types planted. In the sample, 70% of maize seed observations are correctly reported as local or improved, while 16% are type I errors (falsely reported as improved) and 14% are type II errors (falsely reported as local). Type I errors are more likely to have been sourced from other farmers, rather than formal channels. An analysis of input use, including seed, fertiliser, and labour allocations, reveals that farmers tend to treat improved maize differently, depending on whether they correctly perceive it as improved. This suggests that errors in farmers' seed type awareness may translate into suboptimal management practices. The average yield of seed that is correctly identified as improved is almost 700 kg per hectare greater than that of type I errors. This indicates that investments in farmers' access to information, seed labelling, and seed system oversight are needed to complement investments in seed variety development.


Measurements have been made of the initial stage of breakdown in a short negative point-to-plane gap in argon at pressures of 50-600 Torr. The transient glow discharge formation was found to be preceded by a peaked current signal of conspicuous similarity to the Trichel pulse rise and its initail decay in an electron-attaching gas. The results are compared with Morrow's theory of the stepped Trichel pulse.


Sustainable mobility is a major challenge for society and represents an inescapable issue for the development of Smart Cities. Indeed, transport sector generates negative externalities (1). The intensive use of modes of transportation increases situations of congestion and accident rate and incurs important costs in terms of infrastructure (2). In addition, it contributes to climate change, to air pollution and to noise pollution (3). Furthermore, oil importation weights negatively in the commercial balance and increases energy dependency. In a report of 2015, the OECD raises that Belgium made insufficient progress in the transport sector, with a greenhouse gases emissions augmentation of 20.5% between 1990 and 2012 (4). Without regulatory reform, it is expected that transport negatives externalities will rise further (5).


This paper describes the activities performed to define the user requirements of a system named FAIRWIS (Trade Fairs Web-based Information Services), project which is being promoted by the European Commission under the IST program. Detailed analysis of users involved in the business of trade fairs, the environment in which they operate and the tasks they perform have been carried out. The study has been performed by the various project partners working with users in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.


Somatostatin (SMS) inhibits different hormonal secretions by endocrine or paracrine pathways. Thus, analogues of SMS have been used as a treatment of hormone-secreting tumor, with variable results on the level of the tumoral marker and/or the tumoral mass. An inhibitory effect of SMS on calcitonin (CT) secretion is reported in the pig by Linehan, Cooper, Bolman and Week (1979) and in patients suffering from medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) by Gordin, Lamberg, Pelkonen and Almquist (1978). In a previous study, we found no effects of an acute administration of long-acting SMS analogue (SMS 201-995, Sandostatin®) on basal and pentagastrin stimulated CT plasma levels in MTC (Modigliani, Chayvialle, Cohen, Perret, Guliana, Vassy, Roger, Siame-Mourot, Bennet, Bentata-Pessayre, Baulieu, Charpentier, Rusniewsky, Deidierand Calmettes 1988). However, with higher doses of synthetic somatostatin, a significant decrease of basal and pentagastrin stimulated CT plasma levels in MTC is observed by Pacini, Elisei, Anelli, Basolo, Cola and Pinchera (1989).


The present paper is concerned with the authors' improved method named oxidation ditch process in treating urban wastewater at room temperature.As is known,the oxidation ditch process is a method to treat urban wastewater more efficiently.However,drawbacks are still exist with the method.In order to investigate its efficiency,a model hybrid oxidation ditch with an available volume of 120 L has been used by the present authors to treat the urban wastewater at room temperature about 25 ℃.The result of this paper indicates that the hybrid oxidation ditch helps to remove the pollutants efficiently and steadily with its removing rates of COD,BOD_5 and(NH~+_4-N) within a wide range of organic loading rate.When HRT decreases from 55 hours to 10 hours,the removing rates can be made to reach as high as 86% and 92% for COD and BOD_5 respectively,while the removing rate of NH~+_4-N proves to be about 83%.When the HRT was kept at 20 hours,both the COD,BOD_5 removing rate and the NH~+_4-N removal rate could be made to reach 90% even if their influent concentration were 125.30-492.00 mg/L,56.26-249.44 mg/L and 20.00-32.91 mg/L respectively.Thus,the effluent,with a COD, BOD_5 and NH~+_4-N concentration of 3.74-47.01 mg/L,0.93-11.45 mg/L and 0.28-3.26 mg/L respectively,is up to the state level-1 standard for safe sewage discharge and meet the needs for environment protection.


The invention discloses a sintering method of a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) material. The sintering method comprises the following steps: performing acid and alkali purification treatment on diamond particles, uniformly mixing with a bonder, and performing process sintering treatment in a high-temperature vacuum furnace, wherein the sintering treatment process is carried out under the condition that the pressure (P) is more than 5.7GPa and less than 5.9GPa, the temperature (T) is more than 1,550 DEG C and less than 1,570 DEG C, and the sintering time is more than 3 minutes and less than 5 minutes. According to the sintering method, the polycrystalline diamond material is subjected to high-temperature high-pressure sintering under the specific pressure, temperature and process duration time, a remarkable D-D combined network-shaped framework structure is formed between the bonder and the diamond particles, and bonding phases are uniformly distributed in a star point or catkin shape at the triple grain boundary junction of the diamond particles, which shows that the sintering process is relatively good and the PCD material with uniform overall performance and fine granularity is basically prepared.


At the turn of the 19th century, the theater expressed and often anticipated the tensions that animated contemporary neuropsychiatric research, and at the start of the 20th century the concepts of neurosis, hypnosis and hysteria burst onto theatrical stages in dramaturgic and musical creations. Hugo von Hofmannsthal's Elektra of 1903 (later set to music by Richard Strauss), whose heroine is stigmatized from the very start as "a case of hysteria" is an emblematic example. Key words: Theater - Music - Literature


We introduce the notion of an ACP process algebra. The models of the axiom system ACP are the origin of this notion. ACP process algebras have to do with processes in which no data are involved. We also introduce the notion of a meadow enriched ACP process algebra, which is a simple generalization of the notion of an ACP process algebra to processes in which data are involved. In meadow enriched ACP process algebras, the mathematical structure for data is a meadow.


A widely held theory explaining the physiological factors limiting maximal aerobic power (Vo2max) in humans postulates that the perfusion capacity of skeletal muscle greatly exceeds the capacity of the heart to pump blood into the systemic circulation ([1][1], [2][2], [20][3], [22][4], [27][5]).


3714 Background: Hepatic intraarterial (IA) chemotherapy with agents such as FUDR has been shown to reduce local recurrence rates in patients with liver metastases of colorectal origin. Irinotecan is active in metastatic colorectal cancer. This phase I study was conducted to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of IA irinotecan in patients with inoperable liver metastases.

METHODS
Patients were required to have histologically confirmed disease, adequate hematologic, liver and renal function, no symptomatic CNS metastasis, a Karnofsky performance status of at least 70% and a life expectancy of at least 12 weeks. Patients received HAI irinotecan on days 1, 15, 29 and 43. Starting from an initial dose of 140 mg/m2, irinotecan was escalated in 20-mg/m2 steps up to a maximum dose of 200 mg/m2. Three patients were treated per dose level. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as WHO grade >= 3 myelosuppression or grade >= 3 non-hematologic toxicity. The MTD was reached when 2 of 3 patients experienced DLT during the first cycle. Tumor response was assessed after each cycle by CT and MRI. Clinical response benefit was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30).

RESULTS
So far, 9 patients have been enrolled (5 male, 4 female, median age 65.8 yrs). All patients tolerated the treatment well, and no DLT was observed. Overall, 3 patients (33%) achieved a partial response (PR), 3 patients (33%) stable disease, and 3 (33%) had progressive disease. Patients with PR subsequently received laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT).

CONCLUSIONS
Preliminary results from this ongoing study indicate that HAI irinotecan is well tolerated and can produce encouraging response rates in patients with liver metastases of colorectal origin. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The control performance of a butterfly-shaped linear ultrasonic motor is not good when the target speed is less than 1 mm/s by traditional methods. To improve low-speed controlling characteristics of linear ultrasonic motor, a closed-loop control strategy by using both the step control and the fuzzy PID control was proposed. The controller was constructed with the function of providing a closed-loop control of the speed by adjusting the driving voltage amplitude in stepping driving mode. The corresponding step controlling parameters were determined by experiments. Comprehensive experiments on the developed control strategy were conducted under different target speeds. There was a maximum of 24.5% speed error at the target speed of $10~\mu \text{m}$ /s, meanwhile, the coefficient of variation and the response time were 16.3% and 0.11 s, respectively. With the triangular or sinusoidal waves speed tracking curves at amplitude of 1 mm/s, the maximum speed tracking error were 0.1 mm/s and 0.15 mm/s respectively. Thus, a good speed tracking performance was obtained. These results support the functional ability and potential of the proposed method as a low-speed precision control method for linear ultrasonic motors.


The literacy nowadays represents an important part of educational programs in every primary school, especially those programs, in which children with intellectual disabilities are included. Due to the lowered intellectual capabilities and slower personal development in general, people with intellectual disabilities need different way of learning basic reading and writing skills in comparison to other people of same age. Since disabilities appear on different fields of personal development (lack of oral language and vocabulary skills, weak auditory memory and phonological awareness, problems with remembering and processing information), different methods of learning reading and writing are needed. Many scientific researches show that basic reading and writing capabilities could be learned in easier and more effective way, when using an appropriate method. In addition, those capabilities also reflect in personal development. Basic reading and writing capabilities have an important influence on cognitive development and communication skills of people with intellectual disabilities, which also result in self-independence, better chances of employment and also in improved interaction with other people.
Despite many previously mentioned problems in personal development, it is known that people with intellectual disabilities usually also have some relatively well developed skills. When people with intellectual disabilities have good visual processing, logographic reading method represents an effective way of recognizing and understanding the written word, using picture supports and flash cards. Not only in theory but also in practice we come to the conclusion, that people with intellectual disabilities are able to improve their reading and writing capabilities even when analytically-synthetic methods, used in primary schools, are not effective enough. When using the logographic reading method, people with intellectual disabilities often reach the level, that enables them the usage of written language, which have an important influence on personal development and literacy in general. In some cases, the logographic reading method also serves as the basis for further analytically-synthetic way of acquiring reading and writing capabilities. Some foreign researches that indicate the efficiency of logographic reading method are also included in Graduation thesis. The description of the method gives a reader an insight of important characteristics and represents the usage of method in practice.


During the early 20 Century, children's roles were more discretionary than they are today. th Parents and families were freer to make choices between prolonged educations and gainful employment for their adolescent children. In this paper we examine variation in the propensity for children to pursue primarily educational goals, with a special focus on African Americans and immigrants in the North and West. Specifically, we propose a conceptual model for educational persistence among adolescents 14to-18 years of age which identifies determinants at multiple levels – individual, family, and contextual. We use data from the 1920 Public Use Microdata Sample to conduct logistic regression analysis of the likelihood of attending school. Separate analyses are conducted for male and female adolescents. Six groups defined by race, nativity, and migration status are considered: northern-born native whites, southern-born native whites, northern-born native blacks, southern-born native blacks, Jewish immigrants, non-Jewish immigrants. The results reveal a complex pattern of intergroup variation. Among boys, Jewish immigrants are especially likely to attend school, while non-Jewish immigrants and southern-born blacks exhibit lower levels of attendance. Among girls we find that African Americans, both southernand norther-born, reported the highest levels of school attendance and non-Jewish immigrants the lowest levels. In addition, individual and family characteristics, as well as residential context, have significant effects on educational persistence.


Given a complete probability space (Ω,Σ,μ) and a Banach space X we establish formulas to compute the distance from a function f∈XΩ to the spaces of strongly measurable functions and Bochner integrable functions. We study the relationship between these distances and use them to prove some quantitative counterparts of Pettis' measurability theorem. We also give several examples showing that some of our estimates are sharp.


PEREGRINE is an all-particle, first-principles 3D Monte Carlo dose calculation system designed to serve as a dose calculation engine for clinical radiation therapy treatment planning (RTP) systems. By taking advantage of recent advances in low cost computer commodity hardware, modern symmetric multiprocessor architectures and state-of- the-art Monte Carlo transport algorithms., PEREGRINE performs high resolution, high accuracy, Monte Carlo RTP calculation in times that are reasonable for clinical use. Because of its speed and simple interface with conventional treatment planning systems, PEREGRINE brings Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations to the clinical RTP desktop environment. Although PEREGRINE is designed to calculate doe distributions for photon, electron, fast neutron and proton therapy, this paper focuses on photon teletherapy.


Author(s): Nguyen, Sheila Mai Trang | Advisor(s): Gansky, Stuart | Abstract: Purpose: The purpose is to measure childhood caries experience and explore possibly associated geographic, demographic, socioeconomic, and sociocultural factors at community health centers (CHCs) in Hawai'i. Methods: The study comprises children ages 0-12 attending a CHC on Hawai'i and O'ahu between August 2007 and August 2012. Data extracted from existing paper charts include demographic, clinical, and utilization variables. Results: In 329 patients, 1666 encounters were recorded. Caries was found to be present in 63% of the children. 19.3% of dental appointments were broken, and treatment plans were not completed 35.1% of the time. On Hawai'i and O'ahu, overall visit type was significantly related to broken appointments (p=0.0002 and p=0.0038 respectively). Children were 3.0 times and 2.5 times more likely to miss their treatment appointments than examination appointments on Hawai'i and O'ahu (pl0.0001 and p=0.0009 respectively). Residence within the clinic/van ZIP code (pl0.0001) was significantly related to broken appointments and treatment plan incompletion on Hawai'i. Those residing outside the clinic/van ZIP code were 3.1 times more likely to not complete the treatment plan (p=0.004). The overall race effect (3 df, p=0.0369) was significant for broken appointments on Hawai'i. Pacific Islanders were more likely to break appointments compared to Asians (p=0.0142), Hawaiians (p=0.0385), and all other races (p=0.0082). All races other than Asian, Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander were also 3.2 times more likely to complete treatment plans (p=0.033) on Hawai'i. Discussion: The study provides an updated oral health profile of the low-income and minority pediatric population in Hawai'i and can serve as a database for CHCs to re-evaluate how to improve their clinical operations and for policymakers to make decisions on future strategies to effectively and culturally-appropriately promote dental health and enhance health status and access to care in Hawai'i. Despite CHCs accepting Medicaid and having schedule availability, large percentages of broken appointments and untreated caries still remain. This holds great relevance for the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and provide important insights of what to expect. Data from Hawai'i indicate that ACA-mandated enrollment may remain insufficient to meet pediatric dental treatment needs, especially where geographic barriers may reduce access to care.


A realistic simulation model to obtain harmonic power curves of nonlinear circuits using harmonic radar is proposed in this study. Advanced Design System (ADS) and High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) are used as simulation tools. HFSS is used for modelling free space radiation and ADS is used for circuit modelling. Three different circuits are modelled in ADS which are diode clamper, diode limiter and full wave rectifier. In HFSS part of the simulation, wideband Vivaldi antennas are modelled as radar transmit and receive antennas. To couple radiated power on electronic circuits, a single opportunity dipole antenna tuned to radar transmit frequency is used. Similarly to reradiate the harmonics generated by electronic circuits back to the radar, a log periodic dipole antenna is modelled as an opportunity transmit antenna. Sweeping electromagnetic power level from 0 to 40 dBm on the transmit antenna, nonlinear variation of reflected harmonic powers due to nonlinear components are observed.


Dense networks of high aspect ratio nanowires can provide important functionality to electronic devices through a unique combination of electronic and structural properties including high conductivity, high surface area, and tunable porosity. In this thesis, we explore the virus-enabled synthesis and two/three-dimensional assembly of metallic and semiconducting nanowire networks for future applications including batteries and solar cells. In Chapter 2, we describe the virus-enabled synthesis of titanium oxide nanowires and their incorporation in layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte assemblies for use in dye sensitized solar cells. In Chapter 3, we describe a two-dimensional network of virus-templated cobalt oxide nanowires integrated into ultrathin microbatteries via soft lithography. In Chapter 4, we describe a three-dimensional porous virus-only aerogel network and demonstrate a virus-assembled metal nanowire network for use in batteries. Finally, in Chapter 5, the mechanical properties of various virus assembled threedimensional structures are measured and compared. We hereby expand the virus assembly toolkit and demonstrate the versatility of bioengineered materials templates. Thesis Supervisor: Angela M. Belcher Title: W.M. Keck Professor of Energy in Materials Science & Engineering and Biological Engineering


The interference spectrum between direct and ground‐reflected sound waves is strongly influenced by fluctuations in their phase and amplitude induced by propagation through turbulence. Measurements of the interference spectrum at distances up to 45 m over a flat asphalt surface were shown previously to be in satisfactory agreement with a spherical wave theory that allowed for partial covariance between the phases of the interfering waves. The amount of covariance was claculated from simultaneous measurements of wind and temperature fluctuations in the atmosphere. This theory has now been extended to include propagation over ground of finite acoustic impedance and provides an explanation for measurements of jet noise over grass to a distance of 1100 m. Above 300 Hz the sound levels are up to 10 dB higher than predicted by coherent acoustic theory. The meteorological parameters were used as constants adjusted for best fit and agreement is obtained by assuming standard deviations in phase velocity of about 1...


The increasing demand for higher data rates, better quality of service, fully mobile and connected wireless networks have led the researchers to seek new solutions beyond 4G wireless systems. It is anticipated that 5G wireless networks, which are expected to be introduced around 2020, will achieve ten times higher spectral and energy efficiency than current 4G wireless networks and will support data rates up to 10 Gbps for low mobility users. These ambitious goals set for 5G wireless networks require comprehensive changes in the design of different layers for next generation communications systems. Within this perspective, massive multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) systems, more flexible waveforms such as generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) modulation, advanced relaying technologies, and millimeter-wave communications have been considered as some of the strong candidates for the physical layer design of 5G wireless networks. In this chapter, we investigate the potential and implementation of index modulation (IM) techniques for next generation MIMO and multi-carrier communications systems. In a specific manner, we focus on two promising forms of IM: spatial modulation (SM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with IM (OFDM-IM), which have attracted significant attention from the wireless community in


Preliminaries Abstract. Robust controllability and observability are studied for multiple input multiple output linear time invariant system, with matrices A = A0 + rA1 , B = Bo + rB1 , C = CO + rC1 , where for T = 0 the system is controllable and observable. In this paper we present the limits of the open interval of the real parameter r , in which controllability or observability are preserved ( all proofs are omited).


The invention discloses carbazolyl-containing polyurethane, as well as a preparation method and application thereof, relates to polyurethane, as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and aims to solve the problems of low solubility of conventional polyurethane in an organic solvent, poor processibility and low photoelectrochromism response sensitivity. The structural formula of the carbazolyl-containing polyurethane is shown in the original document, where Ar is shown in the original document, R is shown in the original document, and n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 100, and is an integer. The preparation method comprises the following steps of 1, synthesizing monoamine monomers; 2, synthesizing tertiary aromatic amine monomers; 3, synthesizing isocyanate monomers; 4, synthesizing the carbazolyl-containing polyurethane. The carbazolyl-containing polyurethane can be obtained.


The aim of this study is to know prevalence of distomatosis in
slaughtered cattle at Penggaron Semarang abattoir. This research was held on
December 2015 – February 2016. This research used 100 samples of liver and
feces with post-mortem and fecal examination. The liver samples analyzed with
post-mortem examination showed that there were 17% samples were positively
infected by Fasciola sp. Moreover, the feces sample examined with native and
sedimentation method showed that 12% sample were positively infected by
Fasciola sp. Since there is no correlational relationship between post-mortem and
fecal examination, both of the examinations needs to be investigated to know
Fasciola sp. infection. The combined result of the liver and feces obtained
prevalence rate 27%. This research was analyzed with Chi-Square method which
showed that there is no different prevalence rate on various type of cattle. 12% of
Simental crossbreed cattle were distomatosis positively. 12 % of Limousin
crossbreed cattle distomatosis positively and 3% of Ongole crossbreed
distomatosis positively.


Abstract For the cost-effective biological nitrogen removal (BNR) process whose characteristics of influent have low COD/N ratios, the automatic control system for the addition of external carbon based on oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) data in an anoxic reactor has been developed. In this study, it was carried out with a pilot-scale Bardenpho process which was consisted of anoxic 1, aerobic 1, aerobic 2, anoxic 2, aerobic 3 tank and clarifier. Firstly, the correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of the dosage of external carbon source and ORP value was about 0.97. Consequently, the automatic control system using ORP showed that the dosage of external carbon source was decreased by about 20% compared with a stable dosage of 75 mg/L based on the COD/N ratio of the anoxic influent. Key Words : Biological nitrogen removal, External carbon source, COD/N ratio, Oxidation-reduction potential, PID control 1) 1. 서 론 현재 대부분의 하수종말처리장이 유기물제거를 위한 공정을 위주로 운전되고 있어 에너지 소비형으로 간주 되고 있는 현실에 비추어 에너지 생산형 고도처리공정으로 전환되는 추세에 있다. 고도처리공정 중 탈질을 위해서는 메탄올을 위주로 하는 외부탄소원의 주입을 필요로 하기 때문에 약품비 등의 운영비 상승을 초래할 뿐만 아니라 외부 탄소원의 주입농도 조절


Romanian aquaculture can be economically sustainable and viable if the farm is profitable, the farm's income is secure, and the products are accepted by customers. In many cases, improving environmental sustainability can lead to optimizing economic sustainability. For example, a more efficient use of food and nutrients or reduced water and energy consumption are not only beneficial for the environment, but can also reduce costs. Growth in polyculture system, which represents the growth of several species of fish in the same space (pond, pool, basin, etc.), and diversification of supply can increase consumer confidence and thus economic sustainability. The diet must provide the fish with the nutrients necessary for growth (proteins with a plastic role) and provide the energy necessary for physiological processes. Quality food ensures good development, facilitates reproduction and prevents extremely harmful diseases in an aquaculture system. The paper presents a series of experimental recipes for pelletized feed made using an experimental model of small capacity. Nutrient pellets made for feeding fish from the Cyprinid family were analyzed in terms of gross energy value, ash content, moisture, mechanical durability over time, bulk density etc.


We report on the photoluminescence properties and the hydrogen depth distributions of plasma treated GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structures. Specimens grown by molecular beam epitaxy were exposed to a deuterium plasma under different temperature‐time conditions. Photoluminescence measurements were made at 4.2 K, using low and high excitation powers, on the hydrogenated samples and on untreated partners. A decrease in the linewidth of the free exciton and an increase in the peak intensity were observed in specimens following plasma treatment. In general, each of the hydrogenated MQW specimens displayed an increase in luminescence efficiency and a diminution of impurity‐related peaks after hydrogenation. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements yielded depth distributions for 2H and Al atoms. In samples having the best luminescence, the 2H was nearly constant throughout the MQW region, at about 1018 cm−3.


This paper aims to offer insight into the topic of discrete-time ΣΔ ADCs. More specifically, we investigate the impact of non-ideal analog subcircuit parameters on the performance of a 16-bit, 1 kHz, differential second order, 1-bit quantizer, sigma-delta modulator in a 180 nm technology. The parameters in question are OPAMPs slew rate and gain which fulfill the role of fully differential, discrete-time integrators. SPICE simulations were used to validate the results obtained in Matlab for each given scenarios.


What do frontline social service providers do during client interactions when they lack adequate formal organizational resources to respond to clients' needs? To answer this question, this Element presents two large-scale qualitative studies of Israeli frontline providers of social services. Drawing on interviews of public-sector workers (Study 1, N=214), it introduces a widespread phenomenon, where the vast majority of frontline workers regularly provide a large range of informal personal resources (IFRs) to clients. Study 2 (N=84) then compares IFR provision between workers from the public, nonprofit and private sectors. The comparative analysis demonstrates how workers' rationale for providing personal resources to clients is shaped by particular role perceptions embedded in values, norms and behavioral expectations that vary by employment sector. The Element concludes by presenting ramifications of the phenomenon of IFR provision in terms of citizens' wellbeing, social inequality, gender relations and the future of work in public administration.


The notion of computational resiliency refers to the ability of a distributed application to tolerate intrusion when under information warfare (IW) attack. This technology seeks an active strengthening of a military mission, rather than protecting its network infrastructure using static defensive measures such as network security, intrusion sensors, and firewalls. Computational resiliency involves the dynamic use of replication, guided by mission policy, to achieve intrusion tolerance so that even undetected attacks do not cause mission failure; however, it goes further to dynamically regenerate replication in response to an IW attack, allowing the level of system assurance to be restored and maintained. Replicated structures are protected through several techniques such as camouflage, dispersion, and layered security policy. This paper describes a prototype concurrent programming technology that we have developed to support computational resiliency and describes how the library has been applied in two prototypical applications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The equilibration kinetics of the first hydroxo-bridge cleavage of the triply-bridged complexes tri-µ-hydroxo-bis[triamminecobalt(III)], [(NH3)3Co·µ(OH,OH,OH)·Co(NH3)3]3+, (I), and µ-amido-di-µ-hydroxo-bis[tri-amminecobalt(III)], [(NH3)3Co·µ(NH2,OH,OH)·Co(NH3)3]3+, (II), have been studied, I= 1·0M(LiClO4). Within the range [H+]= 0·01–0·5M first-order rate constants, kobs, for the equilibration of (I) fit the dependence (i)kobs=k1KP[H+]//1 +KP[H+]+k–1(i) where KP, k1, and k–1 are for the reaction sequence (ii) and (iii). [graphic omitted] (ii), [graphic omitted] (iii) At 25 °C KP= 1·51 (±0·18) l mol–1, k1= 1·86 (±0·15)× 10–1 s–1, and k–1= 6·62 (±0·36)× 10–3 s–1. For (II) the dependence of kobs′ on [H+] is of the simpler form (iv), kobs′=k2KP′[H+]+k–2(iv) and at 25 °C KP′ <0·05 l mol–1, k2KP′= 1·01 (±0·02) l mol–1 s–1, and k–2= l·96 (±0·4)× 10–2 s–1. Activation parameters for k1, k–1, k2KP′, and k–2 have been determined. Equilibrium data have also been evaluated from spectrophotometric measurements.


In recent years, reports of cabbage cater pillar resistance to some of the hydrocarbon insecticides have been published from sev eral sections of the United States. The first of these by McEwen and Chapman (3) showed that the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (L.), had developed resistance to DDT in a limited area in Wisconsin. Sub sequent reports by Hervey and Swenson (2) in New York, Wene (4) in Texas, Wheatley (5) in Connecticut, and Bibby (1) in Ari zona, indicated that the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.), and the imported cabbageworm have developed resistance to DDT and toxaphene in many of the cab bage producing areas. Although we have no laboratory data to support the statement that the cabbage looper has developed resistance in Florida to some of the hydrocarbon in secticides, we do have suggestive evidence from experimental field plots and growers7 experiences. The cabbage looper is the more abundant of the several lepidopterous larvae that at tack cabbage in all sections of Florida (6). In Central and Northern Florida, the cabbage webworm, Hellula rogatalis (Hulst), is fre quently found in small numbers in early planted fall cabbage and occasionally the imported cabbageworm becomes abundant enough to cause some injury to late planted spring cabbage. In South Florida, mixed populations of all three of these species may


The invention relates to a cascaded depth neural network-based face attribute recognition method. The method includes the following steps that: 1) a cascaded depth neural network composed of a plurality of independent convolution depth neural networks is constructed; 2) a large number of face image data are adopted to train networks at all levels in the cascaded depth neural network level by level, and the output of networks of previous levels is adopted as the input of networks of posterior levels, such that a coarse-to-fine neural network structure can be obtained; and 3) the coarse-to-fine neural network structure is adopted to recognize the attributes of an inputted face image, and final recognition results can be outputted. According to the cascaded depth neural network-based face attribute recognition method of the invention, a cascade algorithm system is adopted based on depth learning, and therefore, training time can be accelerated; and a cascaded coarse-to-fine processing process is realized, and the performance of a final network can be improved by networks of each level through utilizing information of networks of upper levels, and therefore, the speed and the accuracy of face attribute recognition can be effectively improved.


Design of polymeric membranes for fuel cells application requires suitable selection and modification of polymers. This review accounts the various polymeric membranes available for use in fuel cells, advantages of sulphonation of polymers, various sulphonation methods and the characterization techniques. Presently, SPEEK finds extensive application as polymeric membrane in fuel cells. The advantages of SPEEK include good mechanical properties, thermal stability, and toughness and some conductivity depending on degree of sulphonation.


Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the leading cause of rehospitalization and loss of revenue for home care agencies and hospitals. This article outlines how an agency used telehealth to provide CHF patients quality care and improved outcomes while decreasing the number of skilled home nursing visits and reducing rehospitalization rates to 1.2%.


We describe the group of exact autoequivalences of the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves on a bielliptic surface. We achieve this by studying its action on the numerical Grothendieck group of the surface.


A label assembly comprising a plurality of labels on a carrier sheet wherein the carrier sheet has a bisector line and a perimeter line as follows: (1) the bisector line extends from a first edge of the carrier sheet to the opposing edge of the carrier sheet dividing the carrier sheet into substantially symmetric halves; and (2) a perimeter line that is closed upon itself and intersects the bisector line at two locations, dividing the carrier sheet into a frame portion and an array portion. The bisector line and the perimeter line divide the array portion into two backing segments. Also a method using such label assembly comprising folding the assembly along the bisector line and separating the frame portion of the carrier sheet from the array portion of the carrier sheet along the perimeter line.


Vocational education and training (VET) in Australia is increasingly flexible and increasingly online—Victoria University TAFE's educational provision reflects this trend. As the trend continues, support needs of students using flexible learning options and questions on its effectiveness need to be addressed. Flexible learning is increasingly likely to mean that learners have less contact with teachers and other learners, and there is evidence that without such contact, learners are more likely to withdraw from study or, if they persist, to achieve lower marks. In light of this, the role of learner support systems becomes particularly significant. This study particularly examines learner support needs in flexible learning—in this particular context, 'learner support' is taken to mean all aspects of the learning process that help learners to persist with, and achieve success in, their studies. This includes those things traditionally associated with learner support such as study skills and administrative support, but also incorporates communicative
strategies and materials design.


Artiklen beskriver baggrunden for et speciale1 omhandlende forelaesninger som undervisningsform og brugen af clickers deri pa Det Naturvidenskabelige Fakultet, Syddansk Universitet, og behandler et uddrag af resultaterne derfra. Ud over en generel positiv holdning til clickers er konklusionen at bade de studerende og deres underviser oplever et stort laeringsudbytte ved diskussioner mellem de studerende som faciliteres af clickers, og at aktivitetsniveauet er hojt nar clickers benyttes. Afslutningsvist gives et bud pa hvordan clickers med fordel kan benyttes for optimal udnyttelse af laeringspotentialer. The article describes the background for a thesis about lectures as teaching form and the use of clickers in lectures at The Faculty of Science, University of Southern Denmark and gives an extract of the results from the thesis. Besides a general positive attitude towards clickers the conclusion is that both students and their teacher experiences great learning outcomes from peer discussions facilitated by clickers and that class activity increases when using clickers. In closing, an assessment of optimal future use of clickers is given taking learning potentials into account.


The invention relates to a micromechanical thermopile sensor comprising: a substrate (1), at least one in the substrate (1) formed insulating region, in particular the porous region (4), a thermopile structure (13) of at least two at least substantially vertically extending thermopile legs (6, 8) of electrically conductive materials having different Seebeck coefficients, the thermopile legs (6, 8) by a at the substrate front side (1a) formed front contact (11) are contacted with each other, and at least one vertically extending through the at least one isolation region (4) recess (3) extending from the substrate front side (1a) to the substrate rear side (1b) and (in which one of the vertically extending thermopile leg 8.9 ) is trained.


Traditional knowledge assessments rely on multiple-choice type questions that only report a right or wrong answer. The reliance within the education system on this technique infers that a student who provides a correct answer purely through guesswork possesses knowledge equivalent to a student who actually knows the correct answer. A more complete assessment is needed to eliminate guesswork and offer greater efficiency in managing the remediation process. Confidence-based assessment techniques integrate the selection of multiple-choice answers with the student's self-perceived level of certainty and offer a middle ground between the traditional multiple-choice answer and a lengthy essay response. Research has discovered that confidence-based assessments provide a more comprehensive measure of a person's knowledge, increases the retainability of learned material and identifies topics in which people are misinformed.


We measure stewardship orientation using content analysis and predict that organizations with a stewardship orientation will invest more in corporate social responsibility (CSR). We also predict th...


In order to minimize the adverse impacts on the aquatic environment after treatment process, several attempts have been made to develop biodegradable, easy-to-recover, and environmentally friendly materials. The metal-organic framework material (CoFe-MOF) was developed in the CMC aerogel matrix by solvothermal method and applied in tetracycline antibiotic (TCC) adsorption. The morphological and structural properties of the materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), and  (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)  (BET) to identify the crystals formed relative to the pristine MOF. The effects of various factors of the adsorption process such as time, pH, amount of adsorbent, and initial concentration of antibiotics were investigated. Results have shown that the adsorption capacity was 188.7 mg.g-1 at pH 4, the initial TCC concentration of 80 g.L-1 and equilibration time of 120 min. The experimental data describing the antibiotic adsorption process follows the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal model. The CoFe-MOF aerogel material can recover and reuse all four cycles, thus it can be considered as a promising material for environmental remediation and other applications. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).


BACKGROUND
Most people with schizophrenia have a cyclical pattern of illness characterised by remission and relapses. The illness can reduce the ability of self-care and functioning and can lead to the illness becoming disabling. Life skills programmes, emphasising the needs associated with independent functioning, are often a part of the rehabilitation process. These programmes have been developed to enhance independent living and quality of life for people with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVES
To review the effects of life skills programmes compared with standard care or other comparable therapies for people with chronic mental health problems.

SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (June 2010). We supplemented this process with handsearching and scrutiny of references. We inspected references of all included studies for further trials.

SELECTION CRITERIA
We included all relevant randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials for life skills programmes versus other comparable therapies or standard care involving people with serious mental illnesses.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis, based on a random-effects model. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MD), again based on a random-effects model.

MAIN RESULTS
We included seven randomised controlled trials with a total of 483 participants. These evaluated life skills programmes versus standard care, or support group. We found no significant difference in life skills performance between people given life skills training and standard care (1 RCT, n = 32, MD -1.10; 95% CI -7.82 to 5.62). Life skills training did not improve or worsen study retention (5 RCTs, n = 345, RR 1.16; 95% CI 0.40 to 3.36). We found no significant difference in PANSS positive, negative or total scores between life skills intervention and standard care. We found quality of life scores to be equivocal between participants given life skills training (1 RCT, n = 32, MD -0.02; 95% CI -0.07 to 0.03) and standard care. Life skills compared with support groups also did not reveal any significant differences in PANSS scores, quality of life, or social performance skills (1 RCT, n = 158, MD -0.90; 95% CI -3.39 to 1.59).

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Currently there is no good evidence to suggest life skills programmes are effective for people with chronic mental illnesses. More robust data are needed from studies that are adequately powered to determine whether life skills training is beneficial for people with chronic mental health problems.


Groundnut is used as a food crop for its oil, protein content and other valuable bioactive compounds. Inducedmutagenesis played an important role to generate genetic variability in this crop. Here we report the identificationof a high protein mutant from a mutagenized population of a rust resistant breeding line, TG 66. The mutant, TGM206 revealed a 19.8 per cent increment of seed protein content compared to its parent. Through protein analysis itwas found that the conarachin fraction was selectively increased in this mutant.


The chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang (Diptera: Sciaridae), is a devastating polyphagous soil pest and its host includes more than seven plant families, such as Chinese chives, Garlic, Welsh onion, Cabbage, Radish, Melon and Celery (Mei et al., 2003). Chinese chive, Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel, a global grown vegetable, is the most favorite host for this pest (Mau et al., 2001; Imahori et al., 2004; Yabuki et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2017). Chinese chive is an important crop, which has high economic value and large planting area in China, with the estimated area of more than 300,000 hm (Shi et al., 2016b). B. odoriphaga larvae feed on roots and stems of chives and peak damage usually occurs in both spring and autumn. This pest goes through winter mainly in larval form and up to 10 generations can occur each year (Mei et al., 2003). The loss can be more than 60% yield of this crop unless proper controlling actions are taken (Dang et al., 2002; Li et al., 2015). Many techniques have been developed to control B. odoriphaga in Chinese chive industry. The most known, and probably the most successful, is the application of chemical pesticides. In this review, we summarize the current status of pesticide usage in controlling B. odoriphaga and then discuss their proper application in a comprehensive management manner. Major pesticides used for the control of B. odoriphaga: For the sake of being rapid, efficient and easy to manipulate, pesticide application is a major strategy taken up by most farmers in controlling B. odoriphaga (Ma et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2016c; Shi et al., 2018). There are five insecticides commonly used, including phoxim, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and cypermethrin (Shi et al., 2017). Phoxim belongs to organophosphate. Imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin are neonicotinoids. Cypermethrin is a type of pyrethroid. Recently, chlorfenapyr was tested and proven to be a promising pesticide with a unique mode of action to control the chive maggot (Zhao et al., 2017). These pesticides have different modes of action and rotating them can greatly reduce the resistance. However, B. odoriphaga has still developed appreciable resistance to them. Studies showed that neonicotinoid insecticides are more efficient in controlling this pest than organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides (Peng et al., 2014; Zhao et al., Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 57(2),623-623 ;2020 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/19.844 http://www.pakjas.com.pk


To integrate bibliotheca databases with isomerization taxonomy or even different coding rules is a comprehensive project covering multiple factors, of which the selection of a reasonable data arithmetic is the most significant.This paper analyzes the basic subjects involved in bibliotheca database integration, establishes a mathematical model which enables the integration of bibliotheca databases based on isomerization taxonomy , and discusses the solution. At the end of the paper, other factors that need to be considered in the integration are presented.


A great deal has been said and written in recent years about the use of mathematics in economic calculations. Unfortunately, very little has been done in this respect. The fact is that electronic computers cannot be used effectively in planning unless economically substantiated problems have been worked out for them and a logical sequence and computing program furnished, which necessitates the collection, treatment and preparation for calculation of the initial data in accordance with the requirements of economic science and mathematical laws.