A quasi-experimental study with static-group comparison was done between (insert the interval of study) to identify the effect of back rolling massage with green coconut oil extract towards breastmilk production on postpartum mothers. The intervention group was the mothers that were given back rolling massage with virgin coconut oil (VCO). The control group was postpartum mothers that were given back rolling massage without green coconut oil extract. The 24 samples that were used for this study consisted of 2 sample groups; 12 samples in the intervention group and 12 samples in the control group. The average breastmilk production of the group with VCO extract in day 4 is 46.9 mL while the group without VCO extract is 42.9 mL until it shows no significant difference towards breastmilk production on day 4 with p-value = 0.794. On day 7 shows that the VCO extract group has breastmilk production 87.3 mL compared to the group without VCO only 49.2 mL until there is a significant difference with p-value = 0.046. The antioxidant analysis shows that VCO extract contained alkaloids and saponin. Back rolling massage with green coconut oil extract is effective in increasing breastmilk production at day 7.
HIGHLIGHTS

Alkaloid and Saponim in VCO can give benefits if applied as topical oil for therapy of back rolling massage
Breast milk production increased significantly in respondents who were massaged using VCO compared to non-VCO
Back rolling massage with green coconut oil extract is effective in increasing breastmilk production at day 7


Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) effectively mitigates intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by the delay spread of wireless channels. Therefore, it has been used in many wireless systems and adopted by various standards. The frequency-selective fading MIMO channel can be transformed into a set of flat-fading MIMO channels by using OFDM. MIMO-OFDM systems are one of the systems which have become the basis of many communication researches nowadays. A system is with several high speed inputs and outputs in sending information or suitable diversity between transmitter and receiver; however the estimation of the channel in this connection is complex. On the other hand, lack of source and target and outbreak of delay by the channel decreases the function of this system. In other words, this kind of system has a high sensitivity toward time and frequency delays. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on OFDM for wireless communications. We address basic OFDM and related modulations, as well as techniques to improve the performance of OFDM for wireless communications, including channel estimation and signal detection, time- and frequency-offset estimation and multiple-input– multiple-output (MIMO) techniques.


The present invention provides an X-ray generator and an X-ray fluoroscopic imaging system of the apparatus, the X-ray generation apparatus comprising: an electron accelerator comprising an electron acceleration unit mounted on one end of the electron-emitting unit electron acceleration unit mounted in the other end of the target electron acceleration unit; collimating shielding means includes a shielding structure, and a collimator disposed within the shield structure, the shield structure surrounding the target from the electron emission unit and electron beam bombardment of the target generating X-rays after the electron acceleration means acceleration, the collimator is provided with beam current bombarding the target constituting 30 degrees to 150 degrees and a direction through the target.


In the title dinuclear ionic complex, [Cd2(C4H4N2)(H2O)8][Cd2(CH3CO2)8(C4H4N2)], the cation and anion are disordered equally over a site with symmetry mmm. The CdII ions and the N atoms of the bridging pyrazine ligand lie on the intersection of two crystallographic mirror planes. The C atoms of the bridging pyrazine ligand lie on one of these mirror planes, and the acetate groups and water molecules lie across the intersecting mirror planes. Each CdII atom in the cation is five-coordinated by four O atoms from four water molecules and one N atom from the bridging pyrazine ligand, whereas each CdII in the anion is nine-coordinated by four pairs of O atoms from the bidentate acetate ligands and one N atom from the bridging pyrazine ligand. In the crystal structure, each anion is surrounded by eight nearest-neighbour cations and vice versa. The crystal structure is stabilized by ionic interactions as well as by C—H⋯O interactions.


An Improved NLMS algorithm(VS MNLMS) for both FIR filter and feedback RBF Network based nonlinear adaptive filter is presented in this paper,the proposed filter and algorithm are applied to the inverse model in both linear and nonlinear adaptive inverse control(AIC) system.This algorithm is simple,easy to implement and without local minimums.Practical simulation results show that this algorithm can achieve quicker speed of convergence,lower misadjustment error and better robustness than other four variable step-size LMS algorithms do,and make the AIC system to exhibit excellent dynamic and static performances.So it is verified that the proposed algorithm and RBFNN based nonlinear filter are efficient to adaptive inverse control.


The Automated Desk is an online, spatial interface to a time-shared computer utility. It supports a user in organizing, locating, and handling computerized information and tools. Naive computer users benefit from the ability to use the power of an operating system without knowing operating system commands. Experienced programmers benefit from the ability to "browse" a large number of "virtual terminals," each running instances of various software programs. All users benefit from the ability to access computer-resident information while retaining the familiar visual orientation of the office desk.
 The user sees his "desk top" through an intelligent display terminal that is connected to a host computer. The desk top is a large flat surface about 100 times the size of an ordinary desk top. On it, the user can place objects in groupings that are meaningful to him. Processes can be associated with these objects to perform any online information handling function.
 The Automated Desk is a derivative of the Spatial Data Management System (SDMS) implemented by Computer Corporation of America. In the Automated Desk, the essential SDMS concepts of spatial organization and pictorial identification are implemented in simple ways on equipment of modest cost. The objective of the Automated Desk is to put key SDMS-like capabilities into an inexpensive product that runs on widely-available equipment. It is intended for widespread use in practical applications.


Multidrug-resistant bacteria have contributed to a rise in morbidity and death
from microbial infections, making it more difficult to treat illnesses caused by resistant pathogenic bacteria. There is a growing interest in using nanoparticles as
biomaterials around the globe. Nanoparticles might become a crucial, feasible
therapeutic alternative for treating infections resistant to several drugs. Currently,
they are recognized as feasible alternatives or additions to conventional antimicrobials. Nanotechnology focuses on developing eco-friendly methods for producing nanoparticles. The current work aims to generate a quick, ecologically
friendly approach for synthesizing silver nanoparticles utilizing aqueous and alcohol sumac plant extracts. These silver nanoparticles appear synthesized and
capped by sumac extract bioactive components. FTIR, XRD, SEM, AAS, EDX,
AFM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to determine the nanoparticle structure, shape, and optical properties. Within 15 minutes, the AgNPs had formed.
The aqueous and alcoholic sumac extracts resulted in silver nanoparticles with an
average particle size of 43.82 nm and 39.55 nm, respectively. Against the multi-drug-resistant clinical isolates, silver nanoparticles from both extracts had good
antibacterial activity (Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Also, these nanoparticles had an
inhibitory effect on the productivity of the biofilm virulence factor. For this study
with highly significant differences (P≤0.01).
Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Rhus coriaria L., Sumac, antibacterial activity, antibiofilm activity; multidrug-resistant bacteria.


As a special consumer group and influenced by family, school and social consumption trend, freshmen's consumption is dissimilated by blind consumption, flaunty consumption and irrational consumption. Based on the analysis of the causes behind, this article aims to foster college students' correct outlook on values and consumption with the joint efforts of individual, family, school, and society. The article also offers some constructive suggestions to enhance freshmen's consumption consciousness to a rational and scientific level.


The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a medical classification that provides a systematized code of diseases. ICD is widely used for statistical comparisons and patient billing; however, manual ICD coding is time-consuming and prone to errors. In this study, we work on an automatic ICD10-CM and ICD10-PCS coding to Spanish clinical cases at CLEF eHealth 2020 Task 1. We tackle the ICD10-CM and ICD10-PCS coding as a multi-label classification problem and our method has three main aspects: ( i ) N-gram encoder : learning N-gram embeddings by encoding an input document; (ii) Code-filtering strategy : reducing the label space by limiting the number of target code; (iii)Weighted binary cross-entropy (BCE): extending the BCE to alleviate the data imbalance problem. We evaluated our method based on the mean average precision, achieving final scores of 0.299 for ICD10-CM and 0.199 for ICD10-PCS.


In the Kama region two types of early pottery exist which played an important role in the development and dispersal of ceramic technology among the Eastern European hunter-gatherers. The first one is ornamented with comb stamp and belongs to the Kama Culture; the second one encompasses ceramics with pricked decoration and is associated with the Volga-Kama Culture. It is still the subject of debates which group appeared earlier. The aim of the work is to analyze information concerning those earliest pottery traditions of the region, including new dates, technological aspects and integration of recent results to the archaeological context. Summarizing the results, the following preliminary conclusions can be drawn. The similarities between the Kama and the Volga-Kama cultures concerning the location of sites, technological aspects of some of the ceramics, and the lithic inventory might be connected with the chronological synchronicity of two cultural groups of sites. It could also be connected to the similarity of people's household activities and to the contacts and reciprocal influence. The differences in pottery making and in the ways of flint's secondary treatment might have a culturally determined character and indicate that those cultures were not kindred and did not emerge out of each other. Technological analysis of the comb pottery suggests that its origin might not be connected with early pottery of the steppe and forest-steppe zones but must be sought for in the forest zone. The tradition of making vessels out of clay with a considerable admixture chamotte is not fixed in the steppe and forest-steppe zone bit is the characteristic of the forest zone. Its centre of origin is not yet clear and more research is needed. On the other hand, the analysis of the pricked ceramics indicates a more diverse technological range and points to a connection with the forest steppes of the Middle Volga region. The pottery which is very similar to comparable shapes and ornamentation appears in large parts of the Volga region forest zone at that time (for example, Upper Volga culture, early ceramics of the Mari-El region). Thus the appearance of ceramics in the forest zone may be explained by two factors: 1 external influence (such as the Volga-Kama culture), 2 – internal development (for example, the Kama culture).


Nowadays almost all countries are making the use of helmets mandatory and cracking down strictly on drunken driving. But still in many places, the rules are being violated. In order to overcome this problem, a system named "Intelligent Helmet" is proposed in this paper. A smart helmet is a special idea which makes motorcycle driving safer. The proposed system describes the interaction between modules mounted on the vehicle and helmet to ensure the vehicle can be started only when the user is wearing a helmet and is not under the influence of alcohol. Another feature of the proposed system is the ability to detect an accident and send the corresponding geographical coordinates of the accident spot to predefined numbers using a GPS and GSM system respectively. After giving an overview of the system, the paper describes the system architecture, specific components used, logic flow employed and benefits of the system. This proposed system aims at making safety the norm and not a choice. Keywords— Intelligent helmet, alcohol sensor, safety.


This study is on the makeup of old female characters performed by female students, lack of female understanding of wrinkle making techniques and proper selection of cosmetics in makeup of old female characters, this study aims to analyze the makeup of old female characters using body painting cosmetics and eyebrow pencil, and to find out the differences in the makeup of old female characters between the use of cosmetic body painting and eyebrow pencil. This type of research is a quasi experiment with a non equivalent control group design. The sampling technique is done by purposive sampling technique. The results of the analysis showed that in the experimental group 1 the use of cosmetic body painting (X1) with an average value of 3.5778 with a very good category. Furthermore, in the experimental group 2 using eyebrow pencil (X2) with an average value of 2.2444 with an unfavorable category.


As the title would indicate, Jeremy C. Young's Age of Charisma argues that the period between 1870 and 1940 in the United States was marked by a distinctive style of leadership—one relying on a charismatic emotional bond between leaders and followers. Drawing on a variety of sources—guides to oratory, local and national periodicals, works of political and social thought, and manuscript collections of noted political and religious leaders—Young aims to reconstruct a world in which political and religious leadership was exemplified by the power of magnetic personality, and followers found meaning and purpose in their emotional attraction to those leaders. This is not so much a study of particular charismatic movements or subcultures, but a study of the emotional character of a national culture during an era bookended by the emergence of a corporate industrial economy on one end, and the rise of mass media on the other. His argument rests largely on portraits of particular leaders and their followers in the context of values and methods articulated in the larger discourse that surrounded them. His cast of characters are nationally known and very familiar religious and political leaders: Henry Ward Beecher, Billy Sunday, Aimee Semple McPherson, William Jennings Bryan, Eugene Debs, James G. Blaine, Theodore Roosevelt, Marcus Garvey, Woodrow Wilson, Booker T. Washington, and Frances Willard, among them. These figures are analyzed in terms of the history of ideas of intellectuals such as William James, Gustave Le Bon, H.L. Mencken, Elbert Hubbard, and Herbert Croly, as well as more generalized and diffuse discourses around methods of elocution and public speaking, psychological ideas, evangelical conversion, and progressive ideology. Spheres such as business, higher education, athletics, and the arts are mostly absent in Young's analysis, which concentrates on religion, politics, and labor movements as the sites of charismatic leadership. Histories of emotion and emotional style are notorious for their potential conceptual fuzziness. Young's approach tends to synthesize the model of emotional history associated with Peter Stearns, with the focus on the history of political style that one finds at work in Michael McGerr's Decline of Popular Politics—not surprisingly as McGerr was one of his mentors. The conceptual problems, which are not specific to Young's book but are shared widely in the


This study aims to analyze the influence of wages on productivity and inflation in the manufacturing industry sector in the city of Palembang. The data used in this research is labor industry wage data manufacturing, productivity data in the form of sectoral GDP of constant prices per number of workers and data Inflation Rate of Palembang in 2012-2016. The data analysis model uses two-stage ordinary least quare (OLS) The result shows that the significant value of inflation to productivity is 0.194 which means that wage does not have a significant effect on the productivity of industrial sector in Palembang City, while the value of wage significance to inflation in Palembang is 0.907. This means that wages have no significant effect on the inflation of the industrial sector in Palembang. Keywords—wage, productivity, inflation


This article draws on the experiences of two groups of people: namely a group of people who have defined, or still define themselves as 'infertile' and/or 'involuntarily childless', and second, a group of people with cancer who have a terminal prognosis, who may be perceived as dying 'prematurely'. We start by arguing that 'infertility' and/or 'involuntary childlessness' and terminal illness have a disruptive effect on daily lives and future expectations, and we are concerned throughout with how this disruption is managed. In particular, we explore how individuals who have experienced such a disruption to their lives manage both their sense of self and the self in relation to others. Within this we are concerned specifically with the emotion work which individuals engage in, and we explore the link between emotion work and lifecourse disruption.


Abstract|Counters 4 PEOPLE ON ELECTION cham- ber USING PIR SENSOR Fajar Undergraduate Program, 2011 Gunadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id Key Words: sensors, detectors, timers ABSTRACT : This tool is used to detect and count the people who use any of the four chambers ELECTION dierent booths. Each booth is equipped with a sensor ELECTION PIR (Passive Infra Red) to detect people who use the booths and an LED indicator that serves as a hint that in these chambers there are people or not. Output (output) sensors connected to a counter (counter) to quantify how many people have used every booth. LED indicator lights when no one in the chamber. When a person is out of the chamber, the LED indicator will die and seven segment display illumi- nates, indicating that the chamber is empty or no one is using the booth. In addition seven segment displays made ??up of three digits are added to indicate the number of people who have used every booth. From the results of ex- perimental tools, calculation errors arise which will display the number 000 on seven segment displays summing when voters numbered 1,000. Penamaan File: 10401522


Genes encoding non‐self proteins may be injected into skeletal muscles in vivo to obtain induction of cellular and humoral immune responses against the encoded antigens (DNA vaccination). Bone marrow derived professional antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) play a key role in the induction of immunity by DNA vaccination. In the present work we have investigated whether the APCs are transfected by DNA injection into muscle.


Copyright© 2018, ASP Ins. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms. [1] Military-related post-traumatic stress disorder ... [2] Correlation of social support with social ... [3] Comparitive study of some mental ... [4] The relationship between depression and how ... [5] Executive function and neuropsychological ... [6] The effect of cognitive rehabilitation ... [7] Neural evidence for dissociable components ... [8] The psychological (emotional and cognitive) ... [9] The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment ... [10] Acceptance and commitment therapy ... [11] Acceptance and commitment therapy ... [12] Does experientialavoidance mediate the effects of maladaptive coping styles ... [13] Is it the sound or your relationship ... [14] The investigate the relationship between ... [15] Role of character strengths and stress in psychological ... [16] Positive psychology progress: Empirical ... [17] Strengths of character, orientations to ... [18] The psychological and acmeological approach in an educational ... [19] Strengths of character and ... [20] The role of locus of control and coping style in predicting loungitudinal ... [21] Hope and the meaningful ... [22] The influence of hope on appraisals ... [23] The influence of between and within ... [24] The effectiveness of cognitive behavior ... [25] The effect of cognitive hope enhancing training ... [26] The effect of cognitive hope enhancing ... [27] Theoretical and practical research in the ... [28] Investigating the factor structure of students ... [29] Cognitive abilities questionnaire: Development ... [30] Hope theory, measurements, and ... [31] Hope, but not optimism predicts academic ... [32] Rumination and suicidal ideation: The moderating ... [33] An integrative review of adolescent ... [34] Hopein the context of lung cancer: Relationships of hope to symptoms and ... [35] Great expectations: A meta-analytic examination ... [36] Embracing your demons: An overview ... [37] Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience ... [38] The role of mindfulness and psychological flexibility in somatization, depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress in a nonclinical college ... Aims It seems that the cognitive and characteristic aspects of some of the veterans' wives have been influenced by the consequences of war on their lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hope promotion cognitive training on characteristic abilities, psychological flexibility, and cognitive functions reconstruction of veterans' wives. Materials & Methods In this semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group, 50 veterans' wives from Kazeroon, Iran in 2017 were selected by available sampling method; they were randomly divided to two experimental (n=25) and control (n=25) groups. To collect the data, Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Values in Action Inventory were used. The experimental group received cognitive hope promotion training for 6 weeks. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 23 software, using multivariate analysis of covariance analysis. Findings By controlling the effects of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of overall score of characteristic abilities, psychological flexibility, and cognitive functions reconstruction (p=0.0001). Also, after the intervention, the mean scores of characteristic abilities and cognitive functions reconstruction increased significantly in the experimental group (p<0.05); these increases were not significant only in inhibitory control and selective attention as well as social cognition (p>0.05). Conclusion Hope promotion cognitive training has an effect on the characteristic abilities, psychological flexibility, and cognitive functions reconstruction of veterans' wives, but it does not affect the inhibitory control and selective attention as well as social cognition. A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O


Objective To explore the anti-endotoxin fuctions and its mechanisms by observing the effects of Sophoridine pretreating on the expression of c-Jun in macrophage RAW264.7 induced by LPS. Methods Cultured RAW264.7 cells, using LPS (E. coli O55:B5) at final concentration of 100μg•L^(-1) to stimulate cell after Sophoridine pretreating cells for 24 hours, and collecting cells at 5min, 30min, 60min, 120min after stimulating; then using Sophoridine (31. 25, 15.63, 7.81mg•L^(-1)) preatreating cells again, and collecting cells at 60 min after LPS stimulating. The expression of c-Jun in macrophage RAW264.7 was detected by Immunocytochemistry. Results Single Sophoridine had no effect on the expression of c-Jun. The positive cells of c-Jun of LPS model group at each time spot were significantly higher than those of macrophage control group (P<0.01), and the positive cells ascended along with time, reached summit at 120 min. Compared with LPS model group, the positive cells of c-Jun in Sophoridine pretreating group had significantly decreased after LPS stimulating at 30min, 60min, 120min (all P<0.01), but the number of the positive cells of c-Jun of Sophoridine pretreating groups had no obvious change at each time spot. Different concentration (31.25, 15.63, 7.81 mg•L^(-1)) Sophoridine pretreating cells had significantly inhibitory action (all P<0.01), and the action of 31.25 mg•L^(-1) had the advantage over other concentration (15.63, 7.81 mg•L^(-1)) (all P<0.05).conclusion Sophoridine pretreating macrophage RAW264.7 can inhibit the expression of c-Jun protein induced by LPS, and its action show the dose dependent.


The evolution of wireless devices along with the increase in user mobility have created new challenges such as network partitioning and intermittent connectivity. These new challenges have become apparent in many situations where the transmission of critical data is of high priority. Disaster rescue groups, for example, are equipped with numerous devices which constantly gather and transmit various forms of data. The challenge of establishing communication between groups of this type has led to an evolutionary form of networks which we consider in this paper, namely, delay tolerant mobile networks (DTMNs). Nodes in DTMNs usually form clusters that we define as regions. Nodes within each region have end-to-end paths between them. Both regions, as well as nodes within a region, can be either stationary or mobile. For such environments, we propose using a dedicated set of messengers that relay message bundles between these regions. Our goal is to understand how messenger scheduling can be used to improve network performance and connectedness. We develop several classes of messenger scheduling algorithms which can be used to achieve inter-regional communication in such environments. We use simulation to better understand the performance and tradeoffs between these algorithms


Textiles are washed with a liquid washing agent, softened water and salts of at least one polycarboxylic acid. The polycarboxylic acids are present in part as sodium salt and in part as calcium or magnesium salt.


Objective To study and research the correlation of serum Npt and VEGF levels before and after treatment in occurrence and severity of posriasis.Methods Serum Npt and VEGF levels in 37 psoriasis patients were measured.Results Serum Npt and VEGF levels were significantly elevated in the psoriasis group compared with that of the control group,Serum Npt and VEGF levels were elevated in psoriatic patients active stage compared with that of regressive stage before treatment,serum Npt and VEGF were significantly reduced after treatment.There was a correlation between pretreatment or posttreatment serum Npt levels and psoriasis PASI scores,also between serum VEGF levels and psoriasis PASI scores.There was a correlation between pretreatment or posttreatment serum Npt levels and VEGF levels.Conclusion Serum Npt and VEGF play a important role in pathogenesis of psoriatic disease.


The Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and one of its complications, the diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), are a great problem of public health that affects millions of people around the world. Due to its complexity, DFUs treatment and handling are expensive and complex. In addition, amputations of lower limbs and death are relatively frequent because conventional treatment cannot avoid them. In other hand, the use of growth factors, 3D scaffolds and mesenchymal stem cells, called regenerative medicine (RM), have created new perspectives about the treatment of this kind of injuries. The RM has demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes not only in the case of DFUs, so that, this new medicine area promises to become an important tool that supports or substitutes to conventional treatment in cases of tissue or organic damage caused by the different chronic and traumatic diseases.


As a crucial part of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing, the R-peak detection algorithm is important for the calculation and analysis of cardiac-specific parameters in heart health monitoring and heart disease diagnosis. To achieve high-quality R-peak detection, this paper proposes a novel algorithm consisting of four parts. The digital filtering is used to remove noise interference. The Shannon energy envelope is adopted to achieve QRS complexes enhancement and noise reduction simultaneously. The curve length transformation based on window division is used to suppress pseudo R-peaks. The Hilbert transform achieves no threshold settings and no prior knowledge of detected R-peaks. The algorithm is evaluated by using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and achieves average detection accuracy of 99.86%, precision of 99.97%, recall of 99.89%.


Based on models of family resiliency, this study explored whether deployed and at-home parents' reports of family communication patterns were associated with reported child difficulties and prosocial behavior during a military parent's deployment. Participants were National Guard families attending yellow-ribbon reintegration events. Parents completed the Revised Family Communication Patterns short-form measure as well as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire about their oldest child. For deployed parents, conversation orientation was associated with fewer reported child behavioral problems and more prosocial child behavior during the reunion period, suggesting that conversation orientation serves as a protective factor as service members reintegrate into the family. At-home parents' reports of conversation orientation were not significantly associated with their reports of child difficulties or prosocial behavior. Future research needs to clarify how the communicative behaviors of deployed and at-home parents might function differently in promoting children's resiliency during a military parent's deployment and return.


The equilibrium constants for the ionization of nine stable simple enols and of eight ketones were determined by the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) method in the gas phase. From these pKa values, seven ketone–enol equilibrium constants KEnol were calculated. The most acidic enol in the series Mes2CC(OH)R (3) is when R = p-CF3C6H4 (ΔG°acid = 323.4 kcal mol−1) and the least acidic one is when R = t-Bu (ΔG°acid = 334.7 kcal mol−1). There is a good correlation between the ΔG°acid values for the ketones and the enols. For 4 α-aryl-substituted enols (R = Ar) and their keto isomers, there is a rough correlation with Hammett's σ values. The ΔG°acid's for the enols where R = Ar correlate linearly with their ΔG°acid's in hexane, but other enols deviate from the relationship. The pKa's and pKEnol values were calculated by RHF/3-21G* and some values were calculated by B3LYP/3-21+G*. The observed ΔG°acid's for the enols give an approximately linear correlation with the calculated ΔE°acid values. However, the ΔG
°eq values for the keto–enol equilibrium in the gas phase or in hexane do not correlate linearly with ΔEeq for all the enols. The calculated Ar–CC dihedral angles in the enols 3 change only slightly to modestly on ionization, presumably due to a relatively rigid geometry caused by steric hindrance. The substituent effects on the acidities and the KEnol values are discussed.


When units of a resource pass through a sequence of condition changes over time, and when some consumers specialize on resource in each condition, consumer dynamics may be coupled through their effects on the resource even though they cannot directly compete. Consumers may also influence the rate at which resource is transformed between conditions (e.g. shredders processing leaf detritus in streams). I call such a system a processing chain. Although examples in which consumers influence one another through resource processing have been recognized (if poorly documented), a general treatment of processing chain dynamics has not been available. I use simple compartment models to examine the population behaviour and interspecific interactions of consumers in two-species processing chains


Recent world events have underscored the need for a satellite based persistent global surveillance capability. To be useful, the satellite must be able to continuously monitor objects the size of a person anywhere on the globe and do so at a low cost. One way to satisfy these requirements involves a constellation of satellites in low earth orbit capable of resolving a spot on the order of 20 cm. To reduce cost of deployment, such a system must be dramatically lighter than a traditional satellite surveillance system with a high spatial resolution. The key to meeting this requirement is a lightweight optics system with a deformable primary and secondary mirrors and an adaptive optic subsystem correction of wavefront distortion. This proposal is concerned with development of MEMS micromirrors for correction of aberrations in the primary mirror and improvement of image quality, thus reducing the optical requirements on the deployable mirrors. To meet this challenge, MEMS micromirrors must meet stringent criteria on their performance in terms of flatness, roughness and resolution of position. Using Sandia's SUMMIT foundry which provides the world's most sophisticated surface MEMS technology as well as novel designs optimized by finite element analysis will meet severe requirements on mirror travel range and accuracy.


In this study, the disinflationary effects of central bank independence of the Central Bank of Turkey (CBT) on inflation is examined within the framework of the co-integration analysis and Vector Error Correction (VECM) for the time period 1990: Q1 - 2012: Q4. According to the findings of the econometric model estimated, an increment in the independence of the central bank pulls down average inflation 18-21 %. However, according to the findings of the study in the short-term central bank independence is not a determinant of inflation.


In this paper we further investigate the notion of iterative ompilation, in whi h the problem of determining the optimal program transformation is approa hed by generating many versions of the sour e program and by sear hing for the best by a tually exe uting these versions on the target hardware to measure their exe ution time. In previous work we have shown that this approa h an obtain high levels of optimization, outperforming existing stati te hniques signi antly. In this paper we address how to in orporate stati models in the sear h pro edure in order to redu e the number of program exe utions. We fo us on a he models sin e exploitation of the memory hierar hy is very important in obtaining exe ution speed. First, we show that by using


The growth in Industry 4.0 marks a change in some ways that products will be created as well as the ways in which professions like industrial design will continue to grow. Advances in technology, data, and analytics will increasingly give designers the ability to develop customized or bespoke products for a range of end users. Specifically, the intersection of 3D surface scanning, generative design and digital fabrication could trigger this growth. This paper examines how the intersection of these technologies is currently being leveraged by designers for bespoke solutions and identifies growing opportunities and attributes that make the design of customized repetitive use products a strong candidate for adoption of these digital tools.


tbr more than a quarter of a century, both human service agenciesliand religious organizations have provided for the needs of the eldly. In order to study the relationship,between these groups, clergy from mainline Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish churches and synagogues (1=34) and social service agency admini'stratori in a midw6Otern suburb were interviewed. Examination of the data gathered inkthe interviews indicated that services provided by churches and synagogues fall into four basic groups: (1) religious programs, which include worship services, holiday food basket distribution, transportation to church for the elderly, and assistance for the elderly in climbing stairs; (2) pastoral care services, which include hospitgl visitations to seniors, nursing home visitations, telephone reassurance, home deli'vered meals, general transportation, free clothing, senior clubs, and educational discussion groups; (3) the Church as host, whic)r includes use of the church or synagogue as a nutrition site and home companion service wherein outside social service agencies borrow the building and provide staff and programming; and (4) the Church as service provider, in which the Chureh has actually created its own social . service agepcy, in this case a home companion service. The results suggest that churches and synagogues have moved from providing a majority of the services for the elderly to providing support,for the social service agendies, which currently proVide most of the needed 'services. In this particular midwestern community, the church functions mainly as a helping neighbor in an area rich in formal soci-al service resources. (AG) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that cln be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************


The paper presents the results of an experiment conducted at Forest Research Instltute, Debra Dun to see the effect of shade and mulcb on the germination of Toona ciliata . The results after analysis of the data indicate that seed sown under shade gives quick and higher germination.


The luminescence of LiLa1−xMxP4O12 (M = Ce3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Bi3+) is measured. Only for the Ce3+ ion pronounced concentration quenching is observed. The spectra of pairs of activators differ slightly from those of isolated activators. The Bi3+ emission is strongly Stokes shifted and is ascribed to AX emission. The Sb3+ ion shows a very efficient luminescence in this host lattice with an unusually small Stokes shift.

Nous avons etudie la luminescence des systemes LiLa1−xMxP4O12 (M = Ce3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Bi3+). Seulement la luminescence du cerium presente une abaissement prononcee avec la concentration. Les spectres des couples des ions luminescents sont faiblement differents des spectres des ions luminescents isoles. La luminescence du bismuth montre une decalage de Stokes tres grand. Cet emission est attribuee a une transition du type AX. La composition LiLaP4O12:Sb3+ presente une emission tres intense avec un decalage de Stokes, qui est tres limite.


This article reconsiders a critique of Jean-Luc Nancy's and Giorgio Agamben's political philosophies as passive and unpractical. The article argues that in both cases, the political philosophy is motivated by the concept of "withdrawal of law," as outlined in the texts Abandoned Being and Homo Sacer, respectively. This withdrawal is shown to situate the political philosophies within a broader "phenomenological receptivity," whose indebtedness to Heidegger's philosophy of the event is elucidated. As a consequence, the term receptivity turns out to possibly be the better candidate for describing both philosophers' political outlook, as opposed to passivity. Thus, instead of reproaching Nancy's and Agamben's theories for not providing the means for practical political interventions, the implicit phenomenological perspective they offer is restituted.


Cross-lingual named-entity lexica are an important resource to multilingual NLP tasks such as machine translation and cross-lingual wikification. While knowledge bases contain a large number of entities in high-resource languages such as English and French, corresponding entities for lower-resource languages are often missing. To address this, we propose Lexical-Semantic-Phonetic Align (LSP-Align), a technique to automatically mine cross-lingual entity lexica from mined web data. We demonstrate LSP-Align outperforms baselines at extracting cross-lingual entity pairs and mine 164 million entity pairs from 120 different languages aligned with English. We release these cross-lingual entity pairs along with the massively multilingual tagged named entity corpus as a resource to the NLP community.


The New South Wales fine system has a significant and disproportionate effect on people who experience homelessness. People experiencing homelessness are vulnerable to incurring fines for activities that would not otherwise attract attention had they been done in a private home. Behaviour that would ordinarily be routine in the home can suddenly become unlawful when conducted in the public space. For example, sleeping, swearing and consuming alcohol can attract a penalty notice when in public.


The demand of English as a global language has become the most popular issue in ESL world. It results to the growing demand of English coursebook to assist student accelerating their competence. It is therefore the presence of a coursebook in teaching and learning process is fundamentally important. As well as the massive number of coursebooks, the analysis towards its contents is believed to be an urgent conduct among educators. However this analysis has rarely been practised today. Most importantly to the external factor sourrounding the process of coursebook design in which the coursebook is made such as religion, gender and culture. It is due to the fact that the process of coursebook writing is always be adjusted to the local culture or religion where the coursebook is used. Hence, this research will further assess the religion bias as appeared in student's english coursebook. The researcher has analyzed five english coursebooks issued by the Indonesian government in which the researcher performs literature study and observation to attain the result. After collecting the data, researcher uses critical discourse analysis to further process the data. The research suggests that there is a huge tendency of bias in every coursebook that tends to expose the practice of certain religion group in Indonesia. This research will be a good reference where coursebook writers or designers could create a coursebook that is free from any bias. Further, it could maintain fairness in education without any bias to certain community or group only. Keywords: English Coursebook, Religion Bias, Critical Discourse Analysis


Taking dormitories culture as a research object,it selects Shaanxi Normal University as example,investigates the current situation of college dormitory culture in-depth from four aspects i.e.the material culture,institutional culture,behavior culture and spirit culture,by the means questionnaire,interview,observation,and survey.It summarizes its current situation,analyzes the existing problems,and seeks causes of the problem,then discuses how to strengthen and improve the construction of college dormitory culture,and puts forward feasible suggestions,on the basis of survey results.


The debate between internalism and externalism dominates Angloamerican epistemology. Some authors consider Aquinas'epistemology as a kind of internalist foundationalism; by contrast, others frame his theory of knowledge inside the externalism as a theistic reliabilism. This paper offers a critical analysis about these views on Aquinas thought.


At present, the city is supplied with water from the Danube River by S.C. SECOM S.A.. The potable water distributor is obliged to assure a water supply meeting the water quantity and quality standards. Sometimes, the underground waters do not meet these standards, containing certain dissolved constituents coming either from natural sources, or from certain anthropic activities. In Drobeta Turnu Severin city, all the citizens benefit from water that falls within the potable limits, as required by law; they are connected to the centralized drinking water supply. The water treatment station is new and modern, operating since 2010. In the area of Drobeta – Turnu Severin city, there are 24 wells, situated in the riverside area and on the Danubian terrace. Some of these wells meet the standards of potable water quality, while others are situated at the potable/non-potable limit, depending on the season, the precipitations regime and on other conditions influencing the underground waters. These public city wells represent an alternative water source to the centralized water supply system providing water from the Danube River.


Objective:To analyze the relations between serum levels of TF and TAOP in patients with cancer, and investigate the function of TF and TAOP levels during the tumor progress. Methods: We measured the serum TF and TAOP concentrations in 102 patients with cancer and 86 healthy persons, respectiverly. Results: The concentration of TF in cancer group (3.79±0.63) was significantly higher than the control( 3.39 ±0.59), while TAOP in cancers (4.34±0.83) was lower obviously than the healthy group (5.87±0.98). Conclusion: A positive correlation between TF and TAOP indivates that efficient conjugation of ferrum may perform a strong antioxidation ability.


In light of the paramount need and ability of corporate entities to address global inequalities stemming from the institutionalization of capitalism, we draw attention to the FairShares Model. This inclusive, participatory multi-stakeholder ownership model has the potential to challenge hegemonic systems by providing a democratic structure to generate transformative social innovation. The current business-as-usual throughout the world has not perpetuated an inclusive solidarity economy, trapping many in a vicious cycle of systemic slavery which has been experienced by many for far too long. This and the many challenges faced by the world today, such as rising inequality and climate change, force us to look for alternatives to the status quo. The FairShares Model offers a solution to spread power and wealth and provide a model for business practices by means of democratic ownership for members in such enterprises. In this paper, we take a critical look at the mechanisms working within the FairShares Model, as they pertain to democratic ownership and how they contribute to a broader democratic movement. We utilize the 13 Principles of Transformative Social Innovation in order to measure how the FairShares Model aligns with TRANSIT's transformative agenda. Finally we draw on a range of literature on democratic theory in order to explore the relationship between the FairShares Model and democracy and what emancipatory prospects the model may hold. As it stands, our main contribution to the academic field is our approach to our analysis, utilizing newly developed analytical tools, one of our own rendition. Lastly, to our knowledge we are the first to address the FairShares Model from a critical and academic starting point. We determine that even though the FairShares Model embeds democratic ownership through a broad level of participation and enfranchisement, there are some limitations. Therefore, given the right circumstances, the FairShares Model has the potential to be a significant leverage point for transformative social


INTRODUCTIONInnovation and quick new product development is crucial for gaining competitive advantage in todays' rapidly evolving markets. Creating new product ideas that are consistent with organizational strategy and moving these ideas quickly through the stages of design, development, and market introduction quickly has been the hallmark of successful world class organizations (Jacobs & Chase, 2014; Ferioli et al., 2010; Roulet et al., 2010; Towner, 1994; Beauregard et al., 2014; Kerga et al., 2014). Introducing new products to the market early has several strategic and tactical advantages, such as premium prices, better name recognition, having a large market share, and higher profits. Better competitive positioning in the market also makes it difficult for competition to enter the market (Blackburn, 1991; Cooper & Kleinschmidt, 1994; Lofstrand, 2010; Zahra & Ellor, 1993).For large numbers of manufacturing organizations, innovation, design, and successful management of new product development (NPD) have often been a major challenge. Long development time, prohibitive development and manufacturing costs, and poor quality have been the common results for many of these organizations. The primary factor contributing to such unsuccessful results is perhaps the use of traditional sequential new product development (SNPD) by these organizations (Blackburn, 1991; Morgan & Liker, 2006). Conversly, the manufacturing literature for the past three decades clearly shows that through their lean manufacturing practices, world class organizations, such as Toyota, have dominated competition not only in the area of manufacturing but also in the area of innovation, design, development, and quick commercialization of new technologies (Marisa et al., 2008; Blackburn, 1991; Clark & Fujimoto, 1991; Ulrich & Eppinger, 2004; Michael, 2008; Unger & Eppinger, 2009). Instead of traditional SNPD, a successful strategy employed by world class organizations is the integrated new product development (INPD) method. The focus of this article is to understand the contrast between the two types of organizations. The question of interest in this article is: Are there relationships between conventional manufacturing (CM) and SNPD, as well as between lean manufacturing (LM) and INPD?LITERATURE REVIEWSequential and Integrated Methods of NPDNPD process is a sequence of inter-connected activities in which information regarding customer needs is translated into final product design. In a traditional NPD method, also known as a sequential or "over-the-wall" approach, the NPD process typically involves phases such as idea generation and validation, preliminary design, final design and prototyping, and pilot production and ramp-up (Wheelwright & Clark, 1992; Russell & Taylor, 1998). Traditionally, this design process has been managed sequentially by personnel from various functions of the organization. A major drawback of the sequential approach to NPD is that the output from one design stage is passed to the next stage with little or no communication. Lack of communication and feedback among sequential stages causes the process to require too many design changes, which causes the process to require longer development time, which in turn causes the process to be too slow, too costly, and often of poor quality. The two elements of long delay and design changes during the delay create a never-ending cycle where time delay causes design change and to accommodate design change time is needed. The final result is that the designs are often rejected because the designs are either outdated due to long development time or it is unfeasible in terms of manufacturing capability (Blackburn, 1991; Ulrich & Eppinger, 2000).Unlike the traditional "over-the-wall" approach to NPD where functional units work sequentially and downstream functions are not involved until late in the process, INPD requires early involvement of cross functional teams. …


An investigation of the major sorts of theoretical models employed by sociologists, especially the functionalist models of the social anthropologists and theories of social action.


The driver behavior identification is key to efforts to reduce driver injury and fatality risk. The paper aims to valorize and prioritize the most significant driver behavior criteria related to road safety in Budapest city. The study intended to identify similarities and differences in driver behavior criteria between two groups called as young drivers and senior drivers. Also, the study determined that how self-reported aberrant driving behaviors change across the examined group of drivers. As a methodology, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was implemented by using real data where two different stakeholder groups involved. Driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ) was designed by considering the main driver behavior categories (violations, errors and lapses), subcategories and related individual behaviors. The integrated fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method ensures a salutary analysis to endeavor vagueness in comparison within and between criteria. The proposed method findings could be convenient to promote safe driving behaviors and highlight the information-based road safety solutions with a focus on the diverse characteristics of each examined group.


The extension activities aim at meeting a specific social demand, revitalizing and improving the teaching and consequently stimulating the research and the extension itself, contributing later to the transformation of the social reality. Since 1964, through an agreement with the City Hall of Aracatuba, the Aracatuba Dental School - UNESP (FOA) develops the Extramural Dental Service (SEMO). With the purpose of evaluating the importance of SEMO in the professional formation, it was verified the perception of former FOA graduation students, graduated in 1999, about this service, through a question annexed to the discipline's evaluation, sent them by mail. In this study, the results obtained as answer and analyzed through the technique of social research denominated content analysis are presented. In the answers, quotations referring to the professional formation, to the work in public health services, to the social character of the service, to the clinical activities and the positive and negative aspects of SEMO can be found. The results confirm that the extramural activities developed in FOA - UNESP contributed to the professional formation of the former academics, qualifying professionals committed to the collective oral health.


The system has come to light through the way of inspiration to develop a compact system, based on the fundamental ideas of safety, security and control. Once this system is installed to operation specifying temperature and smoke threshold, in case of any emergency situation due to increasing temperature and/or smoke at place surpassing the threshold, the system immediately sends automatic alert-notifications to the users, concerned with the situations. The user gets total control over the system through mobile SMS, even from the distant location, that to change the threshold, turn on/off the feature of sending 'alert notification' and also to reset the system after the emergency situation is overcome. Before executing any command (through SMS) from the user, the system asks for the preset password to verify an authorized user. The security issues have been considered with utter attention in this system to ensure its applicability in industries and business organizations, where security is an important concern. Hence, the fundamental ideas of safety, security and control have been entirely ensured through the system, which have definitely worked as the gear moving factor to look for a new dimension of an 'Intelligent Fire Alert System'.


Material was obtained from 21 cadavers 16 males, ageing range 80-92, mean 84, 5 females aging range 80-81, mean 81 for the histochemical study. Materials of females, ageing range 63-71, mean 67 were utilized for three morphometric dimensional reconstruction, and those of males, aging range 68-75, mean 71 for enzymic stained study (Avidin-Biotin Peroxidase complex method). The whole of the thyropharyngeus muscle and cricopharyngeus muscle was removed from each cadaver. In addition, the configurational analysis of the larynx and hypopharynx during dry swallowing in young adult subjects was assessed using a small caliber fiberoptics and CCD-fiberoptics.Results were compared with values from samples of hypopharyngeal histopathology and configuration in young adult cadavers and subjects. Degeneration due to ageing of the muscle fiber was clarified by means of measuring the diameter of each muscle fiber. The diameter of the thyropharyngeus muscle fiber (Tp) and cricopharyngeus muscle fiber (Cp) was influenced by ageing from (mean) 16.07μm to 13.14μm and (mean) 16.18μm to 13.96μm individually. The type I fiber of both muscles was refractory to the aged degeneration compared with the type II fiber. The mitochondria near I-band was degenerated and contained the lipofuscin granules which was assured by an electron microscopic study.


Objective To explore the clinical application effect of small incision artificial total hip replacement.Methods 110 cases of femoral neck fracture patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,55 cases for each group.Traditional hip replacement was applied in control group,and small incision artificial total hip replacement was performed in observation group.Results The intraoperative bleeding,postoperative 48 h lead flow,blood transfusion rate,incision length,length of hospital stay and incidence of complications were lower than those in control group(P0.05).There were no significant differences of operation time and postoperative Harris hip score between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Small incision total hip replacement might be with small trauma and sure effect,worthy for clinical application.


Observations of birds on cays in the Swain Reefs were made during July 1983 and 1984. Fifteen species of birds were observed of which eight were breeding. Species that were breeding have also been recorded breeding on the cays in summer. Four species were found breeding outside of their recognized nesting season.


New York State Regulation Part 2151 prohibits burning household trash or leaf piles at all times statewide. In addition, all residential brush burning is prohibited annually during the state's historically high fire-risk period from March 16 through May 14. Residents of towns with a population less than 20,000 may burn downed limbs and branches less than 8 feet in length and 6 inches in diameter on their own property, beginning May 15 to the following March 15. However, some towns, primarily in and around the Adirondack and Catskill Parks, are designated as "fire towns" where open burning is prohibited at all times without a permit from NYSDEC.


Based on a professionally administered medical questionnaire, 50% of 95, rock drillers using hand-held pneumatic drills from two large British Columbia underground mines reported symptoms of Vibration White Finger Disease (VWFD). Prevalence of this disease was 45% among a subgroup of 58 drillers without a medical or occupational history of possible predisposing factors other than drill vibration. Symptoms appeared to be dose-related with blanching attacks reported among 25% of subgroup drillers exposed for 1 −5 years, and in 80% of those exposed for 16 years or more. 9% of subgroup drillers had severe stage 3 symptoms (Taylor-Pelmear Classification). The median latent period for onset of blanching symptoms was 7.5 years. Prevalence of VWFD among 58 control miners from the two sites without a history of intense prolonged hand-arm vibration or other pre-disposing factors was 4%. There was objective evidence of vascular abnormality (based on delayed finger rewarming after combined digital cooling and ischemia) in 76% of subgroup drillers with blanching symptoms and in 18% of controls without symptoms. Comparison is made between the latent period for onset of blanching symptoms among drillers in this study and the predicted latent period based on suggested International Standards Organization guidelines for vibration exposure.


ABSTRACT This study consists of two parts. The first discussesthe development of a single production forming machine which was reported in earlier papers. The second outlines the development of a multi-production forming machine, which consists primarily of a film feeding unit, an unwinding unit, and a heating block unit. The heating block unit of the multi-production forming machine has 30 members per die. An analysis of the stress deformation and temperature deviation of this machine is carried out using ANSYS Workbench and CFX-11 under the design conditions. According to this analysis, the maximum deflection in the Z-direction is 0.05104㎛ and the maximum temperature deviation is 0.7℃ when the temperature of the heating block unit is 175℃. It was also found that these values are structurally safe. The advantage of the developed multi-production forming machine is demonstrated to be in its offering of a proper voice test. Key Words : Single production forming machine(단수생산 성형기), Multi-production forming machine (다량생산 성형기), Die(금형), Heating block unit(가열 판 장치)


The TRIP (TouRism International Panel) Forecasting Models (1), the first regarding international tourist departures from each country of origin, the second international tourist flows to Italy and the third international departures from Italy, represent, through an appropriate mathematical and econometric analysis, the fixed effect approach of the panel data analysis, the economic process behind the foreign tourist's decision to holiday in Italy and the Italian tourist's decision to holiday abroad.


Purpose
This paper has examined the effectiveness of foreign aid on Ghanaian economy under different political regimes.

Design/methodology/approach
Using vector error correction and co-integration models on the annual data set over a period of 35 years, the authors demonstrate that foreign aid has had varied impacts on economic growth depending on the political ideology of the government in power.

Findings
With capitalist political philosophy, foreign aid improves private sector growth through infrastructural development. On the other hand, a government with socialist philosophy applies most of its foreign aid in direct social interventions with the view of improving human capital. Thus, each political party is likely to seek foreign aid/grant that will support its political agenda. Overall, the results show that foreign aid has a positive impact on the growth of the Ghanaian economy when there is good macroeconomic environment.

Practical implications
This implies that the country experiences economic growth when there are sound economic policies to apply foreign aid.

Originality/value
The practical implication of the findings of this paper is that donor countries and agencies should consider the philosophy of the government in power while granting aid to recipient countries, especially in Africa. The results are robust to different proxies and models.


This present study analyses the career patterns of a sample of 2916 individuals drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) by characterizing their careers as consisting of job ro...


Objective: Identification of subsegmental pulmonary vessels is the basis for identifying subsegmental embolism. In the past studies have been performed to evaluate the depiction rate of spiral CT scanners. In this study the detection rate of subsegmental vessels using 64 MDCT (Sensation 64, Siemens, Germany) has been analyzed.Materials and Methods: Study population consisted of 55 consecutive patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Standard acquisition parameters were applied using 1.2 mm collimation. An overall of 3127 segmental and subsegmental vessels was counted.Results: An overall depiction rate of 98% for the subsegmental vessels could be demonstrated.Conclusion: In times of increasing slice numbers and faster acquisition techniques, recent technical equipment allows better depiction of subsegmental pulmonary vessels. Anatomic regions of the subsegmental pulmonary vasculary that proved to be difficult to depict in the past can now be visualized more exactly.


It can be the appropriate gamma correction is performed for each of the red, green and blue colors without causing a decrease in the number of gray levels in the output image and the liquid crystal display device and its driving method capable of preventing the deterioration of image quality is provided. The liquid crystal display device, a pixel electrode for the red line, each line of the pixel electrode is the scanning line for the pixel electrode row, and blue for green are arranged in sequence repeatedly to the scanning line to each row of the pixel electrode corresponding connected so as to a liquid crystal panel and the scanning line driver circuit for scanning each scanning period, the voltage of each of the colors - RGB (red, green, and blue) for generating a reference voltage corresponding to the transmittance characteristics switching the reference gray-scale voltage generation circuit, and the signal voltage the generated and a signal line drive circuit to be supplied to each signal line. LCD, gamma correction, tone number decreases, the reference gray-scale voltage, and selection control


Our recent studies of the diastereo- and enantioselective formation of strained alkylidenecycloalkanes drove us to more-thoroughly investigate the formation of four-membered rings for which only few efficient methods are described. We first developed a strategy to diversify the saturated part of the four-membered ring and applied it to a highly diastereoselective synthesis of more-elaborate alkylidenecyclobutanes, which completed our precedent studies. In parallel, cyclobutene structures were built employing simple organometallic methods and further functionalized to give a diverse range of new substitution patterns, which consequently enriched the pool of cyclobutene-based building blocks.


As the use of digital image is increasing day by day, and the amount of data required for an acceptable quality image is high, there begins a high necessity for image compression. Vector quantisation (VQ) is a novel technique for image compression. VQ is a lossy compression scheme, used to compress image both in spatial domain & frequency domain. One of the major disadvantages is high encoding time & complexity. In spite of these disadvantages it is highly preferred due to its advantages like high reconstruction quality at low coding rates and rapid decoding. Thus in order to reduce the high encoding time we go for the use of neural network. There are various types of neural networks are available. The proposed algorithm uses the most effective and simple methods like self organizing maps and linear vector quantization together with the discrete wavelet transform in order to reduce the loss of information during compression and their results are compared.


inland transportation of goods. The artificial fairway channel provides entrance to the port of Paramaribo and Paranam. The motivation for this thesis project is the intention of lowering the fairway channel to increase the navigable depth, to create a cost-effective fairway for the bauxite and alumina transport activities. To obtain the navigable depth, the fairway has to be dredged at the shallow locations in the fairway channel. For the investing companies and the contracting companies it is important to know in advance what the amount of sedimentation rate will be in the lowered fairway after capital dredging. The sedimentation rate of the lowered fairway channel will define the feasibility of the whole dredging project on the long term. This study focussed on the mud dynamics in the Suriname River and the effect of lowering the fairway to increase the navigability. This study will focus only on a particular section of the Suriname River Estuary, between Nieuw Amsterdam (km 42) and Paranam (km 87). To achieve the goal of this thesis project, the available measurement data is used to describe the physical elements of the Suriname River Estuary, which are considered important for the sediment transport. To classify which processes influence the mud concentrations and which processes dominate the mud transport in a numerically way, first measurement data of the tidal movements, velocity measurements and salt concentrations are analysed. Analyzing the data resulted in recognizing several hydrodynamic processes, which are potentially dominant for the mud transport in the Suriname River Estuary. The computer tool Delft3D is used for further analysis of the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes, plus the estimation of the morphological development of the present situation and the effect of lowering the fairway. According to the Delft3D model results it is clear that the effect of the sediment and salt density on the fluid mixture in the Suriname River Estuary is important for the cumulative sediment transport. The four most important processes that influence the cumulative sediment transport are: tidal asymmetry, gravitational circulation, damped turbulence and the residual river discharge. These processes are included in the simulation within the model, resulting in a balance in sediment transport during one spring-neap cycle of 15 days. Extreme conditions such as extraordinary high tidal amplitude (extreme spring condition), very low river discharges or extreme supply of muddy sediments from the Ocean side could be a reason for an occasional import of sediment in the study area. Lowering the fairway channel hardly influences the balance of the sediment transport processes. The change of the cross section is too small to impact the sediment transport balance on the long term. The width of the fairway channel compared to the width of the entire river is negligible small. The consolidation of the settled sediments was not able to be simulated with the Delft3D-FLOW module. The settling and consolidation strongly influences the erodibility of the sediment bed. Implementing the consolidation process should significantly improve the erosion and sedimentation pattern of the muddy river estuary simulation. Implementing the consolidation process should also include the presence of fluid mud at the bed of the river estuary. Possible density cross current of fluid mud could be an explanation for the dispersion of mud over the entire cross section in stead of deposits at the shallow sections at the river banks.


A wave reduction gear 5 is disposed in an apparatus housing 2 of a rotating table apparatus. 1 Lubricating oil is sprayed by an oil supply passage 22 formed in the apparatus body 2, toward an oil supply port 21 which is formed in a cup-shaped flexible external gear 12th A wave bearing 19 which is disposed in the interior is lubricated by the oil supply port 21st Lubricating oil which has entered into the flexible external gear 12, is drawn with force by an oil-recovery passage 23 formed in the apparatus body 2, to the outside. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent that oil is due to the negative pressure state inside the flexible external gear, which occurs in high-speed rotation, drawn, and the regions of the wave bearing 19 can be lubricated reliably.


The commercialization of I.T. sector and opportunity of new technologies, in web based system undergo frequent and rapid changes. The classical way of testing web application was based on protocol level, in which the tester created an HTTP request and then send it to the web site which was under test, further response was analyzed. So to do manually testing in most of the cases was time consuming, expensive as well as hectic job. To save time, money and also for the better business purpose an auto testing is required. But sometime there may be a problem arising to do automation testing due to improper use of testing framework. So a proper testing framework is to be chosen for a better result. In this paper we will discuss about selenium. Selenium is an open source automation testing tool and is a type of software testing framework for web application. It is one of the best tools for automation testing and provides testers with different framework for different test cases. It also uses different platform and framework according to the programming language used by the developers


A tube carbon membrane support was prepared by carbonization of apricot shell with additive. The pore size distributions of support were characterized by bubble point method. Carbon particles were gained by heat-treatment of apricot shell and comminution. The carbon particles were molded to form tube green support. After drying and pyrolysis crack free carbon membrane supports were gained. The results showed that the more adhesive was used, the smaller mean pore size of carbon membrane support became, and the smaller pure water flux was. The mean pore size of carbon membrane support and pure water flux decreased with particle size. The mean pore size and pure water flux can be adjusted by particle size and adhesive content.


material in these chapters assists the reader in identifying and understanding the important concepts of digital filtering. The revised edition is significantly larger than the first edition, and much of the expansion arises from the inclusion of several topics which may be considered as optional in a formal digital filters course. However, the revised edition includes many more illustrations, and there is a significant change in the presentation of the concept of windows in digital filter design. This is a very good introductory book on digital filters, and it presents a wealth of up-to-date knowledge. It can be highly recommended to the newcomer to the field, and even to those well versed in the subject. Undoubtedly the book is an excellent work of reference on digital filters. Unfortunately the cost (£26.05)may be a serious obstacle for many students. T. J. TERRELL, Systems and Instrumentation Division. Preston Polytechnic


1. We consider, from the general problem of homeomorphy, the problem of finding an algorithm that determines whether two given polyhedra are homeomorphic. In this case, polyhedra are combinatorially given through their triangulation and we must understand the term "algorithm" in the precise sense what the it offers i.e., e.g., as a "classifying algorithm". In addition to the general problem of the Homeomorphy, there are, of course, different subproblems which themselves refer to polyhedra or the those resulting classes. One may, for example, set up the problem of homeomorphy for polyhedra of degree no higher than n, a fixed natural number. One may, in exactly the same way, set up the problem of homeomorphy for the n-manifolds, if one could clearly decide what a "manifold" is. Another natural restriction that can be made to the polyhedra to be matched is fixing one of them. In this case, the problem of the homeomorphy of a given polyhedron A consists of finding an algorithm which, for any polyhedron, determines whether it is homeomorphic to the polyhedron A. One of these problems has been solved for a long time, i.e. the problem of homeomorphy for 2-manifolds or the problem of the homeomorphy of a given 2-manifold. However, we have found the following results:


Ultrasonic phased array total focusing method (TFM) has been widely used in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT) as an advances post-processing imaging algorithm. It shows great potential in defect detection and characterization. However, due to the small number of excitation elements and large amount of collecting data, its temporal resolution and imaging efficiency need to be improved. To overcome these disadvantages, an ultrasonic phased array total focusing method based on sparse deconvolution has been proposed in this paper. Based on the actual situation of ultrasonic testing, a regularized sparse deconvolution model has been established. The Bayesian theory is used to add low-probability prior information to the deconvolution model. At the same time, the sparse deconvolution optimization algorithm proposed in this paper is used to solve the sparse deconvolution model. Compared with ordinary phased array total focusing method, this algorithm reduced the calculation amount and improved the temporal resolution. The performance of the proposed method is proved by simulation and experimental comparison. The results verify that the proposed method has higher resolution and imaging efficiency.Ultrasonic phased array total focusing method (TFM) has been widely used in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT) as an advances post-processing imaging algorithm. It shows great potential in defect detection and characterization. However, due to the small number of excitation elements and large amount of collecting data, its temporal resolution and imaging efficiency need to be improved. To overcome these disadvantages, an ultrasonic phased array total focusing method based on sparse deconvolution has been proposed in this paper. Based on the actual situation of ultrasonic testing, a regularized sparse deconvolution model has been established. The Bayesian theory is used to add low-probability prior information to the deconvolution model. At the same time, the sparse deconvolution optimization algorithm proposed in this paper is used to solve the sparse deconvolution model. Compared with ordinary phased array total focusing method, this algorithm reduced the calculation amount and improved the tempo...


Today the effectiveness of the travel time is very important in life, especially for transport users. in the case of delivery of food packages at Rumah Makan Pondok Kaya Rasa, new employees experienced many obstacles in determining the shortest route to the customer. In this study, the shortest route search application built using the PHP programming language with the methods used Dijkstra. Dijkstra's algorithm is one of the shortest route search method that is frequently used, Dijkstra's algorithm calculates the smallest weighting of each node trajectory, in order to obtain the shortest route from point of origin to point of destination. Results from this study is a program that was built to be able to help determine the shortest route shipments of food, especially for new employees eating houses, thus increasing revenue Eating and reduce operating costs such as fuel usage and vehicle spare parts.


In recent years there has been a growing interest in the study of sparse representation of signals. Using an overcomplete dictionary that contains prototype signal-atoms, signals are described as linear combinations of a few of these atoms. Applications that use sparse representation are many and include compression, regularization in inverse problems, feature extraction, and more. Roughly speaking, the activity in this field concentrates around two main problems: (i) algorithms for performing sparse decomposition and their performance analysis, and (ii) dictionary composition methods. The 'sparse decomposition' activity deals with the pursuit problem given a signal and an overcomplete dictionary, the goal is to find the smallest set of atoms from the dictionary to represent it. As this problem is known to be NP-hard, several approximation algorithms have been suggested, such as the matching pursuit, the basis pursuit, FOCUSS, and their variants. Recent work has been also directed at the study of these algorithms' performance and prospects of success. The construction of appropriate dictionaries that lead to the existence of sparse representations for a family of signals in mind is the second challenge addressed in recent years in this field. Among the various contributions on this problem, dictionary learning from examples is especially appealing as it can tune the found dictionary to specific and narrow families of signals. In this work we concentrate on this dictionary learning process. Starting with a wide literature survey of pursuit techniques and existing dictionary learning


The problem of finding the temperature and velocity distribution inside the boundary layer of a compressible flow over a flat plate is a well-known problem which has been discussed by many distinguished investigators in the past five decades. Excellent reviews of the work done on this classical hydrodynamic problem are available, for example, in the monographs of Schlichting, Loitsyanskii and Stewartson.


A space‐charge‐limited‐current (SCLI) diode model for trap controlled rectification in the dark is extended to a continuous trap distribution for p‐i‐n a‐Si:H solar cells in the light. Light degradation, thermal annealing recovery, and 10 percent efficient device data are quantitatively fit with i layer, conduction electron concentrations between 1.95 (1011) and 1.90 (1012) cm−3 and band gap trap concentration densities between 7.66 (1014) and 1.14 (1015) cm−3eV−1 for 0.2 to 0.5 eV below the conduction band edge (Ec). Light exposure increased the trap density at 0.4 eV below Ec by a factor of 7. Annealing decreased the distance of the peak trap density from Ec by 0.2 eV. These results agree with trap distributions measured with field effect, DLTS, and ICTS and with theoretical models based on dangling bonds or on defect rearrangements. The model indicates that a minimum peak amplitude of 1017 cm−3eV−1 of trapping states is required at about 0.5 eV below Ec for high fill factors (FF) and open circuit volta...


We have carried a structural study across Kodiak accretionary complex in Alaska, USA, in order to describe its thermal structure and decipher the processes of exhumation. The accretionary complex consists of a stack of tectonic mélanges and coherent units. Mélanges are characterized by simple shear deformation with a pervasive network of top‐to‐the‐trench shear zones, whereas coherent units are affected principally by horizontal shortening, except for spatially limited outcrops in Kodiak Central Belt. Peak temperatures estimated using Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material range from 220 to 400°C through most of the complex. These temperatures coincide with estimates from metamorphic parageneses and are interpreted as temperatures of deformation achieved under a high gradient due to contemporaneous ridge subduction. The highest temperatures are recorded in the central part of the complex, pointing to a dome‐like structure. Lower temperatures (∼120°C) are recorded along the southeastern border of the complex, in slope sediments unconformably overlying accreted units. Based on the combination of structural and thermal data, we conclude that the rocks constituting the Kodiak complex experienced at least two stages of burial and then exhumation, with vertical motions reaching up to ∼13 km from the Paleocene to the present. Given the pervasive horizontal shortening within the wedge, exhumation resulted from prism thickening contemporaneous with surficial erosion. Recorded subsidence episodes may be local phenomena associated with thrusting or large‐scale processes associated with basal erosion. The rates of vertical motion range from 0.2 to 1.3 mm/yr, comparable with estimates in modern margins.


In order to provide the theoretical basis to prevention and consequence assessment of natural gas leakage and explosion accident,the unsteady flow field of natural gas leakage and diffusion in an enclosed space was numerically simulated by computational fluid dynamics technology.The distribution characteristics of hazardous zone of natural gas leakage and explosion versus time and space were emphatically studied.The study results showed that the hazardous zone is located above the leakage source in initial leakage stage.Along with the continual development of the leakage and diffusion,the hazardous zone shifts down wholly and finally moves near ground.The area of the hazardous zone versus time is from small to large,and then from large to small.Duration time of the hazardous zone on the lower part of the room is obviously longer than that on the middle and upper parts of the room.


In order to improve the existent coal mine industrial TV monitoring system,this paper analyses the autocorrelation function of mine industrial television image signal according to the current state of the mine industrial TV monitoring system,and gives a advise of using the technology of multi image-processing in mine industrial TV monitoring system.By computing the autocorrelation function of mine industrial television image signal,we can be alarmed if somebody invades the area of the head of the strap which is used to carry the coal.It has been testified that by using multi image-processing technology synthetically in the mine industrial TV monitoring system,we can get the alarm when the man invades the supervised area according to the magnitude of the autocorrelation function of mine in-dustrial television image signal.And this can make up the lack of mine industrial TV monitoring system now.


The progresses of heat and mass transfer characteristics of air and water by direct contact at home and abroad are reviewed in this paper,including mathematical and physical models and experimental study,the research trend in the future has been discussed.


Objective of this study was to analyze Plasmodium berghei mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (PbMAPK1) using in silico and in vivo approaches. In silico data indicated the conservation of functional domain and motifs required for typical MAP kinase in PbMAPK1, which was predicted to be nuclear-localized. However, PbMAPK1 did not contain any nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES). From BLASTp analysis, PbMAPK1 was found to share the highest protein sequence similarity (93%) with MAPK1 from Plasmodium yoelli. Meanwhile, in vivo study revealed intraerythrocytic parasitemia development of P. berghei strain PZZ1/00 in male mice. The malaria parasites from the infected mice blood were successfully isolated and purified using 8% Percoll solution and spectrophotometric measurement showed that the parasite genomic DNA was of high purity with A260/A280 ratio greater than 1.8. By using a specific primer pair namely PbMAPK1-F (5'-TATGTGGTCGCTTGGGTG-3') and PbMAPK1-R (5'-GAATCTTGGGATGCTTTA3'), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method successfully amplified a single band of ~250 bp corresponding to PbMAPK1 gene thereby validating some in silico data.


A novel measuring method based on Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy was studied to achieve accurate measurement of the lubrication oil pressure of auto engines. A magnetoelastic inductance pressure sensor was designed. Its operating principle, structure, output characteristics, and major parameters were discussed. The static characteristics of the sensor as well as its temperature, excitation circuit intensity, and influence on output frequency were analyzed through an experiment. Results show that the sensor is stable and reliable at high temperatures, and it has a simple structure. It can efficiently measure the lubrication oil pressure of auto engines.


A worktable (1) is used in combination with an industrial robot (2) having a working area (7). The table (2) comprises a frame (12) carrying two working tables (13) and (14), each placed at one end, which can be rotated perpendicularly with respect to their work surface and which can pivot around a horizontal axis. Only a work table can be in the region (7) at one time. An actuator (20) is provided to rotate the frame (12) about a vertical axis so as to exchange the positions of the tables.


E-commerce websites implements recommendation systems for recommending products to the customer and improve their sales. This can be effectively implemented if the website has new brand products, since new brand products have standardized pricing all over the e-commerce platform. But, there are also some e-commerce website which only sell resale products, the products sold on these websites are coming from sellers who have already used that product. So the pricing on these products are not standardized as prices of these products is decided by the seller of those resale products. Since only resale products are sold on these websites, such websites do not have all the products and therefore there is no recommendation system on these websites. The aim of this paper is to predict the prices of the product by considering the characteristics of the product and make the price standardized for all the products. After standardizing all the prices on the e-commerce website, a market basket based recommendation system is built for such e-commerce website. The algorithms used for predicting the prices are Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), Ridge Regression and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). CNN outperformed LGBM and ridge regression for predicting the price, the root mean squared logarithmic error value (rmsle) of CNN was 0.44, while LGBM was at 0.53 and ridge regression was at 0.47. Apriori algorithm is used for recommendation system as association rules are implemented for market basket analysis. For generating the association rules the support value used is 0.001, while the value of confidence is 0.90.


Over the last several decades student affairs and assessment scholars who study college impact have utilized a number of different research design and statistical procedures in an attempt to control for the characteristics and propensities that lead students to self-select themselves into a particular intervention or experience. This is particularly important because such characteristics and propensities may seriously confound any estimate of the effect of the intervention or experience itself. By far the most common method used in the college impact literature to date has been covariate adjustment, based on different multiple regression approaches (Pascarella & Terenzini, 2005). This approach relies on statistical control to remove or partial out the confounding effects of student self-selection. Recently, however, there has been considerable criticism of covariate adjustment based on the argument that its estimate of the effect of an intervention or experience can be biased. Rather than relying on regression-based covariate adjustment techniques, a number of scholars have suggested the use of propensity score matching as a more effective analytical approach for controlling the effects of demographic, attitudinal, or other factors that might increase or decrease students' likelihood of selfselecting into a given treatment of interest and, thereby, isolating the effect of the treatment itself (e.g., Reynolds & DesJardins, 2009; Schneider, Carnoy, Kilpatrick, Schmidt, & Shavelson, 2007). In this study we employ both covariate adjustment and propensity score matching to estimate the causal influence of an example intervention—the first year of attendance at a liberal arts college (as opposed to another type of 4-year institution). Specifically we estimated the effect of liberal arts college attendance on three cognitive outcomes. We examined the estimates yielded by these two analytical approaches under different research design assumptions—with and without a precollege measure of each outcome. Our purposes were to determine the comparability of causal estimates using covariate adjustment and propensity score matching, and to examine how these estimates might be affected when different research designs are employed to study college impact. The focus of the study was not specifically on understanding the effects of liberal arts colleges, rather, estimating of the effects of liberal arts colleges versus other 4-year institutions is used only as an example. The approaches we explored could have relevance to estimating of the effects of a broad range of between-college and withincollege interventions or experiences.


Luciano Floridi's philosophy of information and information ethics c oncern about some special concepts, in which "external and semantical"view about information, "the object-oriented programming methodology"(OOP)and "construct ionist ethics" imply not only author's standpoint for Ontology,but also the fun damental ethic issue in today's information society. With classic transzendent a l methodology this paper tries to identify these separate concepts and to reveal the essence of intersubjectivity from these concepts.


DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2010.34.5348 During my career as a thoracic oncologist, certain patients have left a lasting impression. Mrs R was one such patient: a woman in her early 50s who appeared younger than her age. When we first met, she greeted me with a smile that belied her underlying sense of anxiety. Mrs R had already been treated for lung cancer for more than 2 years before she was referred to my clinic. She had endured many chemotherapy regimens, including combinations with and without bevacizumab, and had also been treated with erlotinib twice without much benefit. Review of her records and scans revealed that her lungs were now filled with many metastases, some quite large, and that there was also disease in her liver and bones. After evaluating her, I was surprised by her continued good performance status. I even considered leaving the room to confirm that the scans I had just reviewed were actually hers. In the examination room, Mrs R was surrounded by numerous loving family members, including her husband and mother. She was a never-smoker, and before her lung cancer diagnosis, she had led a fulfilling life. She was one of those patients who make you wonder why such a calamity should befall such a warm person. I discussed with Mrs R and her family the available clinical trials at our center, with an assurance that probably conveyed a greater sense of optimism than her clinical condition warranted. In the lung cancer world, there is currently a great deal of buzz about patients with tumors that have alterations in the ALK gene and the exciting clinical benefit some such patients enrolled onto early-phase clinical trials have derived from therapy with an ALK inhibitor. I felt strongly that Mrs R's tumor should be assessed for the presence of an ALK translocation. She was young and had never smoked, and her cancer had not responded well to erlotinib, making it unlikely that her tumor harbored an EGFR mutation. In such patients, available data suggest that there is approximately a 30% probability that their tumor will be positive for an ALK gene alteration, and among those with an ALK mutation, there is a 60% chance of response to ALK inhibition. Although I am sure that I quoted Mrs R and her family the correct probabilities, I later wondered whether my enthusiastic attitude in the consultation room had conveyed a much higher, and less realistic, likelihood that one of our trials could provide her with a lasting and meaningful clinical benefit. I myself experienced a sense of satisfaction that I had given hope to a patient who did not have many therapeutic options. We sent her diagnostic tumor tissue for ALK mutation testing. Unfortunately, after 2 weeks, the reference laboratory informed me that the available tumor material was not sufficient for ALK analysis. I decided that a computed tomography–guided biopsy of one of the many lung metastases would be appropriate. Although the incidence of complications after such a biopsy at our institution is quite low, she developed a pneumothorax that required hospitalization. She was clearly on an emotional rollercoaster, beginning with the optimism she had felt after her initial visit with me followed by the disappointment of learning that her available biopsy material was inadequate for testing and then the complication of the biopsy procedure. I am fairly certain that when she agreed to undergo the biopsy, she fully believed that her tumor would have an ALK mutation. Two weeks later, I obtained the results: the laboratory had not detected an ALK gene rearrangement. I felt a strong sense of failure, both for Mrs R and for myself. As promised, I called her as soon as I received the report. It was challenging for me to inform her of the negative results, but her immediate response was simply to ask what the next step would be. With a sigh of relief, I quickly moved on to discuss another clinical trial that might be appropriate for her. I scheduled her to come and see me again to discuss the other trial in person. During this visit, I noticed some whitish changes in her gums that did not seem consistent with oral candidiasis. I sent her to an oral surgeon who diagnosed osteonecrosis of the jaw. She had been on bisphosphonate therapy for more than 1 year for her bone metastases. The oral surgeon debrided her gums and prescribed a course of oral antibiotics, with plans for reevaluation in 3 weeks. I discussed her situation with the sponsor of the clinical trial I was considering for her and requested her inclusion in the trial. The JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY T H E A R T O F O N C O L O G Y VOLUME 29 NUMBER 16 JUNE 1 2011


Computations suggest that in contrast with small models the active site geometry of reduced dimethyl sulfoxide reductase might prefer a triplet over a singlet electronic state.