In the process of coal production, with mining working face crossing roadway, in order to ensure production safety in the process of mining working face crossing roadway, working face and spanning roadway safe thickness of rock pillars problem was studied, reasonable safe thickness of rock pillars computing system was constructed. Applying C# language under the net platform compiled the complicated computer system, which formed intuitive input/output interface. By computer rapid implementation results provided reference value and significance for mines under similar situation.


Urban areas have higher temperatures than the surrounding suburban/rural areas, a phenomenon known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI). There is a great interest in creating a healthy and comfortable environment for the growing number of urban dwellers to live in, therefore different methods of combating and diminishing the urban heat island are being studied. One such method is to reduce the energy contribution of buildings to the formation of the urban heat island. In this paper we analyzed the effect of building envelopment, both by seasonal monitoring of surface temperatures using the thermal camera at different time intervals, and by numerical simulations of air temperature at different levels in the atmosphere, using ENVI-met, a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic microclimatic model. The data sets resulting from the monitoring of the surface temperature with the thermal camera showed that the temperature recorded at the surface is lower for the enveloped buildings than for the non-enveloped buildings, during the night but also during the day, less at noon. The numerical simulations were based on two scenarios: i) buildings with non-enveloped walls and ii) the same buildings but with enveloped walls, after running the scenarios for enveloped and non-enveloped buildings. The results showed that following the enveloping process the air temperature in the areas between the buildings is lower for the enveloped buildings, at different heights, both during the night and during the day.


Develop HOTS instruments in animal tissue material in the form of TTMCQ. Stages of development using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Determine, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Baturraden in September-October 2019. The subjects of this study were students of class X1 MIPA who had studied animal tissue material. The data analysis technique uses descriptive percentages. Mapping competencies, making learning objectives oriented to HOTS, agreeing on the material to be tested, making analysis of basic competencies, making learning indicators oriented to HOTS, making grids of HOTS questions, making HOTS questions in animal tissue  materials in the form of TTMCQ, set the rubric of the questions, making feedback to students about question, see the responses of students working on the questions, ask for responses from the teacher related to the questions, see the ability of students to work on questions in the form of TTMCQ, asking for continued development of TTMCQ questions for other biological materials including the excellence and weakness of the questions. Based on the results TTMCQ can calculate the HOTS of students, easy to make assessments, easy to process the results of tests compared by description test. In the other hands, there are problems with TTMCQ that are: difficult to develop questions with double questions, many cost for administering tests for questions, and student's confuse with how to work in TTMCQ although given instructions both oral and written.


OSW-1 is a promising antitumor glycoside present in the Ornithogalum saundersiae plant. Biosynthesis of the p-methoxybenzoyl group on the disaccharide moiety of OSW-1 is known to take place biochemically by phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, but molecular biological characterization of related genes has been insufficient. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC 18.104.22.168), which catalyzes the deamination of L-phenylalanine to yield trans-cinnamic acid, plays a key role in phenylpropanoid metabolism. Thus, the study on the characterization of the genes involved in the OSW-1 biosynthetic pathway, particularly the well-documented genes such as PAL, is essential to further the understanding of the biosynthesis of OSW-1. Here, transcriptomic sequencing of O. saundersiae was performed to speed up the identification of a large number of genes related to OSW-1 biosynthesis. De novo assembly of the transcriptome sequence provided 210 733 contigs, 104, 180 unigenes, and four unigenes showing high similarities with PALs. Two full-length cDNAs encoding PALs (OsaPAL2 and OsaPAL62) from O. saundersiae were cloned using sequence information from these four unigenes. The PAL and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) activities of recombinant OsaPAL proteins were unambiguously determined by HPLC with UV and MS detection as well as by NMR spectroscopy. Subsequently, a series of site-directed mutants were generated with the aim of improving enzyme activity and investigating the importance of particular residues in determining substrate selectivity. The results reveal that the Phe-to-His mutants, i.e., OsaPAL2F134H and OsaPAL62F128H, exhibited higher TAL activity than the corresponding wild types, providing direct evidence that the Phe residue is responsible for substrate specificity. Mutagenesis studies also demonstrated that the Thr-to-Ser mutants, i.e., OsaPAL2T196S and OsaPAL62T194S, showed significantly higher substrate affinity than the wild types. Furthermore, the Gly-to-Ala mutants, i.e., OsaPAL2G209A and OsaPAL62G207A, showed higher PAL and TAL activities. These findings provide further insight into the genes responsible for OSW-1 biosynthesis and will facilitate the future application of OsaPALs in synthetic biology.


Simple Summary The following study examined the behaviors and water vs. land use of an outdoor exhibit by three zoo hippos. Behavioral observations were correlated with water temperatures at the exhibit, and compared to the number of days (0, 1, or 2 days) since the water within the outdoor pool had been dumped and refilled. The water changing of the pools had little effect on either the behaviors or pool use itself by the hippos. Water temperatures affected both the behaviors and pool use by the hippos, with warmer water temperatures being directly correlated with greater activity and overall pool use. The results suggest that temperature, rather than water change, was the more important factor in increasing overall pool use and general activity for the exhibited hippos. Abstract In the wild, hippopotamuses spend much of their daily activity in the water. In zoos, it is less clear the extent to which hippos spend time in the water. We examined how much time Woodland Park Zoo's three hippos spent in their outdoor pool, based on: (a) temperature of the pool water, and (b) when the pool water was changed (approximately three times a week). Several digital temperature data loggers collected water and air temperature readings once every hour for six months. We correlated the water temperature readings with several behaviors the hippos could engage in, where the hippos were on exhibit (pool vs. land), and how many days it had been since a dump (0, 1, or 2 days). The results indicated that water changes had little effect on pool usage, while increasing water temperatures resulted in both increased activity and pool use. The results are discussed in terms of how these findings relate to wild hippo activity, current knowledge of zoo-housed hippo welfare, and future directions for zoo-housed hippo welfare and research.


K. Kerl, B. Koch, W. Fegeler, C. Rossig, K. Ehlert, A.H. Groll. Catheter‐associated aspergillosis of the chest wall following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 182–185. All rights reserved


Comprehensive Practice of Digital Installation and Test is an integrated technology for machinery and electrification and a core course for digital technology specialty.Based on practical experience,the author,by exploring the teaching designing,approaches and environment of the course,has concluded that the course can be designed with digital system as medium and task as main line so as to realize the "student-centered worksite teaching" and the interaction with teacher's demonstration and students' practice in groups,combining teacher's instruction with students' questioning to cultivate innovation and working ability.


Predators play a key role in shaping natural ecosystems, and understanding the factors that influence a predator's kill rate is central to predicting predator-prey dynamics. While prey density has a well-established effect on predation, it is increasingly apparent that predator density also can critically influence predator kill rates. The effects of both prey and predator density on the functional response will, however, be determined in part by their distribution on the landscape. To examine this complex relationship we experimentally manipulated prey density, predator density, and prey distribution using a tadpole (prey)-dragonfly nymph (predator) system. Predation was strongly ratio-dependent irrespective of prey distribution, but the shape of the functional response changed from hyperbolic to sigmoidal when prey were clumped in space. This sigmoidal functional response reflected a relatively strong negative effect of predator interference on kill rates at low prey: predator ratios when prey were clumped. Prey aggregation also appeared to promote stabilizing density-dependent intraguild predation in our system. We conclude that systems with highly antagonistic predators and patchily distributed prey are more likely to experience stable dynamics, and that our understanding of the functional response will be improved by research that examines directly the mechanisms generating interference.


The impact of competing food resources on Subterranean termite consumption of [ 1 4 C]hexaflumuron treated diets was compared in choice and no-choice tests. Consumption was quantified for groups of termites and individualsto determine if consumption by a single termite reflected that of the termite group. In no-choice tests groups of 100 termite workers consumed an average of 3 mg of [ 1 4 C]hexaflumuron bait in 2d, and 11.4 mg in 5d. In the presence of a competing food resource, an [ 3 H]inulin treated diet, consumption of the [ 1 4 C]hexaflumuron diet was significantly reduced (0.2 mg) at 5d. Consumption comparisons of competing food resources in the choice tests were made to determine termite preference for particular food resources. In choice tests comparing [ 1 4 C]hexaflumuron and [ 3 H]inulin diets, consumption of the inulin diet was significantly greater (6.0 mg) than the hexaflumuron (0.2mg) at 5d, indicating a preference for the inulin treated diet. Quantification of radioactive isotopes from individual termites was used to estimate how much a single termite consumed of the [ 1 4 C]hexaflumuron diet in the presence of a competing food source. Individual termite consumption was found to reflect the population consumption results. At 5d, [ 1 4 C]hexaflumuron consumption was significantly reduced from 56.9μg in the no-choice test to only 19.3μg in the presence of a competing control diet. [ 1 4 C]hexaflumuron consumption was further reduced to 2.3μg when competing with the [ 3 H]inulin treated diet. Consumption comparisons of [ 1 4 C]hexaflumuron and [ 3 H]inulin in the choice tests indicated a significant preference for the inulin treated diet.


This paper firstly analyzes the current situation of information technology talents and problems existing in specialized teaching,and then presents some thinking and countermeasures to cultivate information technology talents and reform specialized teaching. These countermeasures are to intensify the training of student's ability active practice, improve the method of classroom instruction and advocate the diversified way to judge student 's ability.The reformation's purpose is to explore a effective way cultivating student's multiple ability and innovation consciousness.


A retina specialist explains why vitrectomy surgery is safer and more efficient using a new ultra-high-speed vitrectomy cutting probe combined with 27+ gauge instrumentation.


The policy centralization forest areas in Indonesia caused structural poverty and land conflict, and the result of about 14,62 million small farmers around the forest. In the forestry decentralization era, Indonesia is targeting 29,14 million ha of forest management rights schemes to establish several forestry management schemes such as Forest Management Unit (KPH), Community Forests (HKM), Village Forests (HD), and Community-based forest plantation (HTR). However, most of them are having stagnation and did not reach the target. This paper discussed the result of devolution policy and type on KPH, HKM, HD, and HTR that had a positive impact on accelerating the development of forest management rights and increasing the livelihood of small farmers. The result illustrates several findings. Firstly, the policy of politic decentralization (de-concentration) from provincial government to the rights stakeholders (KPH, HD, HKM, and HTR) has to ensure the implementation of administrative decentralization (delegation) and functional decentralization (devolution) as well as the implementation of democratic forest management that signed by the distribution and redistribution authority from central bureaucracy to the lowest level that causing high participation of small farmers. Secondly, the policy of administration decentralization (delegation) creates the spatial of forest area management by farmers and ensure the security of tenure rights between land-based social relations in various small farmers group. Thirdly, the policy of functional decentralization (devolution) provides management rights to small farmers to develop an agroforestry pattern that enhances livelihood resilience while maintaining the quality of forest ecosystems.


previewing what was to become a "new Counter-Reformation" (143). Some of these latter novels portrayed the struggle during the rule of Henry VIII, but most focused on the Elizabethan regime as a time of Catholic martyrdom. Beneath these Catholic counternarratives (such as Geraldine by E. C. Agnew in 1839), as well as some by AngloCatholic writers, was an argument for the historical continuity of the Roman tradition. B.'s study ends with a chapter on Dickens's Barnaby Rudge (1841), set during the anti-Catholic Gordon Riots of 1780. In this novel, Dickens avoids arguing the usual Protestant or Catholic histories of the Reformation in order to avoid fragmentation among his Victorian society readership. For Dickens, it was time to forget the legacy of the English Reformation. A similar effort to avoid historical controversies marked George Eliot's Romola (1863), based on the life of Savonarola in preReformation Florence, by revealing the self-contradictions, failures, and ambiguities of this so-called "proto-Protestant Great Man" (215). Overall, B. provides Charles Laporte and other revisionist historians of 19th-century literature with convincing examples that religious debate and practice were alive and well among the Victorians. Along with Pericles Lewis and other revisionizers of religion in the modernist novel, B. bolsters the challenging work of Charles Taylor on the sacred side of A Secular Age (2007).


The utility model discloses a separating draining trash can, which comprises a can body and a can cover, wherein the can body and the can cover are connected through a can cover shaft, a sensor is arranged above the can cover, an opening motor and a power supply are arranged below the can cover shaft, the opening motor, the power supply and the sensor are electrically connected, a dismountable draining slot with a filter layer is arranged below the can body, and collapsible pulleys are arranged on the bottom portion of the draining slot. The separating draining trash can can control the can cover to open and close by sensing, and further can separate solid and liquid trash.


400Background: Limited information is available on the longitudinal impact of CS symptoms and QoL in CS patients (pts) who received SSAs in real-world setting. This study aimed to examine change in...


For the first time very detailed study (centimeter scale) of outcrop was carried out for stratigraphy and environment of the Lower Pleistocene deposits cropped out in the Western flank of the South Caspian depression (Shikhovo exposure). The data obtained demonstrated the high-frequency cyclicity in sedimentation accompanied by rapid lateral and vertical depositional environment change. Most of these system tracts have not yet been studied in detail. The depositional setting during accumulation of this succession has changed within shore face-shelf environment. On the background of these cycles, the depositional series of a higher order containing sediments deposited during very small-scale sea level fall and rise occur. Some information contained in this document is the new data, due to more recent observations and interpretations.


Abstract Today's users want to access their data through fourth-generation languages, or 4GLs, and microcomputers. More flexible data bases are required to satisfy this growing need. These data bases must be based on the data as perceived by users, not as viewed by a system—the normalized approach to data base design provides for this. Data bases can be built that satisfy user needs and establish a logical design done only once regardless of the DBMS or computer system that will subsequently use the data.


The switch is one of the most important elements of the pulsed power system.This paper summarizes the relevant research of surface flashover switch.Then the author respectively introduces the structure of the switch,dielectric,status quo of research,insulation,electrode materials and mechanism of laser-triggered surface flashover switch developed in recent years.Finally,the paper puts forward the prospect of laser-triggered surface flashover switch.


The aim of this paper is to explore both the tensions and possible pedagogical potentials emerging from the meeting (or clash) between institutional technological infrastructures and the emerging landscape of social media, or what is often referred to as web 2.0 'technologies' or social software. The tensions and potentials are explored through relating the web 2.0 technologies and social media with sociological trends adopted from Castells (2001) and Wenger (2005). From this it is argued that web 2.0 technologies and social software can be seen as a material radicalisation of these trends, and that the interplay generates tensions between institutional and web 2.0 views of knowledge practices. From this, it is argued that the interfaces between students, teachers and institutions need to be carefully negotiated as part of the ongoing pedagogical, organisational and technological practices, which form the institutional technological infrastructures.


While the differences between the perspectives of countries disparate in size and power provide fertile ground for the individual misperceptions analyzed by Robert Jervis in his seminal work, the imbalance of vulnerability between the stronger and weaker sides in an asymmetric relationship can also create systemic misperceptions. The structurally based misperceptions of each side have a negative complementarity, that is, they will tend to produce a vicious circle in which the interpretation of the actions of the other side becomes further and further removed from the other side's subjective intentions, and negotiation breaks down. The constraints on asymmetric misperceptions are very different from the 'golden rule' because treating another as oneself is premised on reciprocity. The management of asymmetric relationships is based in part on the neutralization of issue areas by means of inclusive rhetoric and routinization and in part on creating a sleeve of normalcy for transactions through precedent and diplomatic ritual. Structural misperception is illustrated by considering two extreme dyads, that of China and Vietnam in the 1970s and that of Vietnam and Cambodia in the same period. These dyads are particularly interesting because Vietnam is in the weaker position in one and in the stronger position in the other, and it behaved according to its different dyadic positions.


A method for estimating the lifetime of the electronic components when scarce data are available is presented. Based on the "worst case" approach, the method also uses information obtained by failure analysis, as the necessary element for an accurate estimation of the reliability level. The method is useful for highly reliable modern components. In this paper, an example of using this method is given, focused on MEMS accelerometers.


The Horizon 2020 prizes aimed at the development of retrofit and engines that would reduce pollution. The Retrofit prize had a winner, while the Engine prize not. In this paper we present the innovations that were tested at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, and not awarded. One was a "condensation" aftertreatment device, two were devices inserted in the fuel supply system, and one a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx system. The testing of the "condensation" aftertreatment device showed that it could not withstand the high exhaust gas temperatures. The results of the two fuel systems showed that they could not control efficiently the NOx emissions. The reductions of the pollutants were negligible for the levels that the prizes were aiming. The SCR system did not achieve any significant reduction of NOx, probably due to a malfunction of the device.


BACKGROUND: The BC Oil and Gas Commission (Commission) no longer requires the submission of production accounting models with facility or gas plant applications. Facility or gas plant application approvals are no longer conditioned upon an approved production accounting model. This change in submission requirement does not reduce or eliminate industry's responsibility to develop and incorporate a sound production accounting and allocation model that meets all of the requirements of the current regulations, acts and directives. The Commission will continue to ensure that the measurement requirements for the Upstream Oil & Gas Operations Manual is adhered to and will continue to verify meter design, suitability, placement and accuracy in all facility and gas plant applications.


In this paper, we present a high resolution microwave imaging technique using a compact and low cost single channel Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar based on Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar (CSAR) technique. We develop an algorithm to reconstruct the image from the raw data and analyze different aspects of the system analytically. Furthermore, we discuss the differences between the proposed systems in the literature and the one presented in this work. Finally, we apply the proposed approach to the experimental data collected from a single channel FMCW radar operating at 79 G Hz and present the results.


Introduction and Aim: In preeclampsia(PE) due to abnormal trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries leads to decreased uteroplacental circulation. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in regulation offeto-placental vascular permeability and resistance. It also affects maturation, development of the placenta and foetal survival. Maternal serum NO levels are controversial in PEandonly few studies have focused on birth outcomes. Hence, the current study was undertaken to estimate and compare the maternal serum NOlevels in normal pregnant and PE womenandalso see the correlation betweenmaternal serum NO level with severity of PEand to study its association with birth outcome.
Materials and Methods:The study was conductedat a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka, India.Forty singleton primigravida PE patients diagnosed and classified as mild/severePE, as per ACOG guidelines and 40 healthy pregnant were selected for the study. NO was estimated by ELISA method.
Results: NO was high in PE cases than controls but it was not statistically significant. But NO was significantly (p=0.03) higher in mild PE than severe PE patients. The NO level negatively correlated significantly (p=0.031) with case severity. Maternal serum NO did not show any significant correlation with birth weight and APGAR score of the new born baby.
Conclusion:In mild PE rise in maternal serum NO, may be to due compensatory mechanism to normalise persistently elevated blood pressure and decreased level of serum NO in severe PE may be due to down-regulation of the nitric oxide synthase.


Summary form only given. Version of microwave plasmatron in which gas discharge plasma excited in a cylindrical quartz tubes behaves like an extension of truncated inner or outer electrode of coaxial waveguide has been proposed and realized. Theory describing excitation and propagation of such a microwave discharge has been developed. Results of theoretical analysis and preliminary experiments have been used as the basis for construction of powerful microwave gas-discharge (in Ar+Hg mixture) UV-lamps for a systems of cleansing and disinfection of drinking and waste water as well as systems dedicated to the solid samples disinfection. Started from previously performed research of microwave discharge low pressures of working gas are chosen as an optimal ones. Under these pressures strong nonlinear processes of microwave interaction with the nonuniform plasma typical for so called "plasma resonance" and providing high efficiency of microwave radiation transformation into a biologically active UV come into force. Results of experiments demonstrate that elaborated in the GPI 1 kW microwave UV-lamp makes possible to generate 40-130 W of biologically active UV. Such a lamps have extremely high life time, are inexpensive and simple in construction and can successfully used for disinfection of water, gas, different solid surfaces.


Linear maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are unable to achieve the desired performance and efficiency under wide variation in atmospheric conditions (temperature and irradiance) and consequently the maximum power point (MPP). Hence, the design and implementation of a nonlinear MPPT controller is essential to address the problems associated with the variations of the MPP. In this research article, a new nonlinear robust backstepping-based MPPT control technique is proposed for a standalone PV array connected to a dynamic load, and its performance comparison with existing backstepping, integral backstepping and conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) and perturb and observe (P&O) based MPPT techniques is provided. Simulations, performed in Matlab/Simulink platform, verify the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT technique and demonstrate its superior performance to the backstepping, integral backstepping and conventional MPPT techniques under simultaneous variation in irradiance and temperature and certain faults occurring in the system.


Background: Findings of socioeconomic status (SES) effects on adverse pregnancy outcomes varies depending on pregnancy complications, SES indicators, countries, regions, and races. Our aim was to compare three SES indicators (maternal educational level, participant and partner's income and maternal occupation) and to investigate the relationship with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Chongqing, Southwest China. Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, we analyzed data from 1273 women in Chongqing, China, enrolled in the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) trial in which mothers received complex lipid supplementation during pregnancy. Information on SES (maternal educational level, participant and partner's income and maternal occupation) was collected during face-to-face interviews using standard questionnaires. Pregnancy outcomes considered were gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), premature rupture of membrane (PROM), cesarean section (C-section), preterm birth (PTB), macrosomia, low birth weight (LBW), large for gestational age (LGA), and small for gestational age (SGA). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pregnancy outcomes in relation to SES. Supplementation had no effect on pregnancy outcomes, so our analysis did not subdivide our participants on this basis. Results: Women who were managers or professionals were less likely to suffer from macrosomia and LGA. After adjustment for potential confounders, the ORs for macrosomia and LGA were 0.44 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.95) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.89), respectively. Other pregnancy outcomes were not affected by maternal occupation. Moreover, no significant relationships were observed between the other two SES indicators (participant and partner's income and maternal education) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that maternal occupation was a more reliable predictor of pregnancy outcomes than maternal education and participant and partner's income.


Efficient white polymer light-emitting diodes were developed based on exciplex electroluminescence from a single polymer PFTS that consists of an electron-donating side chain and an electron-withdrawing backbone. It is noted that the device performances can be dramatically improved by incorporating a certain amount of high triplet energy level poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) into the emissive layer, which can lead to a more balanced charge carrier and decrease the exciton back transfer from the formed exciplex to the backbone of poly(fluorene-co-dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide). The luminous efficiency can be further improved by utilizing PVK as the hole transport layer, which can achieve greenish white emission with a luminous efficiency of 9.12 cd A−1 and CIE coordinates of (0.25, 0.37). Of particular interest is that the emission of PFTS can be modified by varying the thickness of the emissive layer by virtue of micro-cavity effects, where the optimized device exhibits a remarkable luminous efficiency of 7.37 cd A−1 with CIE coordinates of (0.30, 0.43). These observations demonstrated the great promise of utilizing the single polymer with the exciplex emission for the construction of efficient white polymer light-emitting devices.


Objective The transmission source and route of the first human Streptococcus suis infection patient in Hunan Province were traced and investigated to provide evidences for control and prevention of this disease.Methods Using field epidemiology method,we investigated the patient and his workmates,skimmed his clinical data and examined the related specimens in the laboratory.Results A confirmed patient infected with Streptococcus suis which originated from the sick pigs was reported in Hunan Province in August,2006.The patient was infected through his injured skin.No evidence of person-to-person infection was presented.Conclusions To control the epidemic of pigs,to deal with the sick/dead pigs correctly and to have good personal hygienic protections in the slaughterhouse workers are the effective measures for us to control and prevent this disease.


In the current study, two types of algae Spirulina platensis and Coelastrella terrestris were exposed to two different types of lighting, LED and Halogen with different light intensities, to identify the effect of lighting on the growth of algae and their production of chlorophyll-a, protein, carbohydrates and lipids, as well as investigating anti-properties. Bacterial to these algae extracts. The study showed that there are differences in the growth rates of the algae under study and exposed to the two types of lighting, as the intensity of illumination 2000 LED was the best when it recorded the highest concentration of the chlorophyll tincture for both algae while the lighting intensity was 2500 and 3000 lux for the source of halogen lighting is the best in the production of chlorophyll for algae r, Q, respectively, with respect to proteins, the highest concentration of 0.48 mg/ml was recorded by algae spirulina at the intensity of illumination of the 2000 lux LED and 0.501 mg/ml at the intensity of illumination of 3000 lux halogen. The highest concentration of carbohydrates was 0.288 mg/ml, which was recorded by the alga C. terrestris at the intensity of illumination of 3000 Lux LED, while the type of halogen lighting was the highest concentration of carbohydrates recorded by the same alga and the same intensity of illumination. The highest concentration of lipids was recorded by S. platensis, and it reached 0.196 mg/ml when exposed to the intensity of illumination of 2000 lux type LED. As for exposure to halogen lighting, the same algae gave the highest concentration of lipids and when the intensity of illumination was 3000 lux. In the current study, the inhibitory efficacy of extracts was examined Algae under study on three types of pathogenic bacteria, namely E. coli, Psedumonas aeuruginosa and Staphyllococcus aeureus. The results indicated that treatment with a concentration of 1000 mg/ml of algae extracts gave the highest inhibitory efficacy as the percentage of sensitivity to bacteria E. coli 97% and 36%, respectively.


The development of creative industry does not have long history,but plays an important role in promoting economic development of the world.In the wave of the creative industry,Hengyang lags behind.In this paper,first of all the author expounded on the status quo of the development of creative industry at home and abroad,then analyzed the existing problems in developing the creative industry in Hengyang,finally concluded with some advices on building a creative city to promote economic development in Hengyang.


Mercury is present in many natural gas streams. While mercury levels can vary greatly, even low levels of mercury need to be removed to avoid damage to cryogenic aluminum heat exchangers and other plant equipment. There are two types of mercury removal materials: non-regenerative sorbents and regenerative adsorbents. With non-regenerative types of mercury sorbents, the process fluid flows through the sorbent bed for a number of years, after which the sorbent is replaced. The mercury is removed from the process fluid and stays on the sorbent. The plus side of this approach is its simplicity. The down side is the installation cost, the additional pressure drop, and the disposal cost of the used sorbent. Regenerative mercury removal is usually practiced simultaneously with another regenerative adsorption application such as drying. By replacing some of the drying adsorbent with a dual function water and mercury removal adsorbent, both water and mercury are removed in the dehydrator. The mercury, like the water, is regenerated off the adsorbent leaving with the spent regeneration gas. The plus side of this approach is no additional equipment cost, no additional pressure drop, and the possibility of recovering most of the mercury as a separate mercury stream. However, the mercury is not permanently held on the adsorbent and the spent regeneration gas may require some secondary mercury removal treatment. This paper will evaluate and compare the various mercury removal technologies including the discussion of a case study where multiple technologies are used at one plant.


Resumen en: Several authors have studied the influence of hydration-dehydration (HD) treatments on the germination of various plant species. Certain seeds preserve a...


Device for non-contact high-frequency electric power transmission and / or data in a motor vehicle between a to one or more revolutions rotatable steering spindle (1) of a steering wheel, and a stationary part, connected to a with the rotatable steering spindle (1), a circuit pattern with electronic components and a conductive related planar rotor coil (10) having transmitter or receiver module, connected to a with the stationary part, a second circuit pattern with electronic components and a conductive related planar stator having recipient or transmit module, said rotor coil (10) and stator coil, respectively arranged on a coil carrier (9) and are arranged coaxially opposite one another at a small distance from each other, wherein the rotor coil (10) and / or the stator coil, a punched from a sheet metal, such as ring-like lead frame (18) having a distance between its spiral turns i st, which in an annular disk-shaped coil support surface (13) of a formed of an insulating engineering plastic as an injection molded part of the coil support (9) is injected, wherein the coil support surface (13) on a flange-like member (11) of ...


Sushi is not only a versatile writer,but also an extraordinary gourmet.Su Shi's many creative ideas on delicious food were formed in Huangzhou,Huizhou,Danzhou where he was banished.Su Shi's Dongpo food clear manifested his creative spirit and practive spirit.The innovation is not only on cooking techniques and theory,but also in Su Shi's spirit world.


This paper aims to investigate the distribution of two types of resultative expressions in Hungarian, the verbal particle and the nominal resultative. According to the pertinent literature, these two resultatives normally cannot co-occur in the same clause. On the basis of a corpus study I show that the co-occurrence of the verbal particle and the nominal resultative in the same construction is acceptable under certain circumstances. Finally, I sketch a possible analysis that captures the features of this doubly-marked resultative construction.


This paper outlines the Signal Detection Model of Choice (SDMC) that predicts operators' use of automated diagnostic aids based on system feedback lag characteristics. Specifically, the SDMC predicts that users will prefer an aid having variable rather than fixed feedback lag characteristics when the value of correct decisions (hits and correct rejections) are large relative to the negative consequences of incorrect decisions (misses and false alarms). A preference reversal is predicted by the model when the positive consequences of correct decisions are small relative to the negative consequences of wrong decisions. Furthermore, this pattern of choice is predicted even when aids are not equally reliable. Theoretical explanations of the possible cognitive processes that underlie the model, including temporal and reliability distortion theories are presented. Results from recent laboratory experiments that provide preliminary support for the model's predictions and theoretical assumptions are summarized. The bridge that this new model provides between traditional behavioural models of choice and cognitive models of decision-making are also discussed. The hope is that the SDMC will provide fruitful avenues of inquiry into the relatively unexplored effects that automation feedback lag has on choice and decision making processes.


Glucagon-(1-2])-peptide is an N-terminal fragment of glucagon and can be meas-ured as enteroglucagon by radioimmunoassay. We evaluated the trophic effect of glucagon-(1-21)-peptide on the small intestine and the colon in rats. The trophic effect of glucagon-(1—21)-peptide in normal rats was investigated by continuous subcutaneous administration of the peptide (36 ,ug/day) via implantable osmotic minipumps. After 4 weeks, an increase in ileal wet weight and a significant increase in the villous height were observed. The mean level of enteroglucagon in peripheral plasma of the treated group was three times higher than that of the control group, possibly due to exogenously administered glucagon-(1-(21)-peptide. The effect of glucagon-(1-21)-peptide on the healing of experimental colonic anastomoses was also investigated. Operated rats with administration of glucagon-(1-21)-peptide (180 pg/day) for 5 days tolerated significantly greater intraluminal pressure on pressure-induced bursting at the site of anastomoses than controls. This study demonstrated that not only proliferation but healing process of the intestine was accelerated by this peptide.


Advanced mathematics,as is known to most of us,is a typical abstract discipline.While in this paper,the author,combined with his experience in Advanced Mathematics teaching,analyzed the advantages and existing problems of multimedia assisted teaching used in abstract subject,and he has also done positive exploration to the existing problems.


This chapter explores the dynamics of the relationship between social crises and
the discourse of mass media reportage, particularly, newspaper reports. The
tenet of objectivity traditionally upheld by the mass media probably lends
credence to their perceived credibility among the masses they communicate to.
Hence, the masses in any society most likely consider news reports as valid
accounts of events. For this reason, the mass media have gained reputation as the
mouthpiece of the society. Notwithstanding, news may be influenced by the
respective ideological perspectives of individual journalists, or even the different
media organisations which they represent (Cluluwa, 2011). It is arguably true
that language is one of the major tools employed by the mass media in
information dissemination to various audiences. Discursive choices made in
communication are likely consequential on the perception of message by the
audience. Especially, when the news being reported is about crises or unpleasant
events, it may be likely that holistic objectivity may not be realised, and implicit
stance,taking may be observed in the news discourse produced for mass
consumption by the media. This study therefore examines the discursive forms
and patterns that the mass media employ when reporting socio,political crises
since prevailing social conditions considerably influence properties of discourse,
that is, discourse is able to represent, produce and reproduce social reality
(Fairclough, 1989; Richardson, 2007). Discourse is generally used to refer to any
coherent form of language use. In the context of this study, discourse refers to
news reports.


In the work of original model of alcohol induced hepatic injury at female rats including three stages issubmitted: the first stage is selection of animals inclined to alcoholization; the second stage is accustoming ofanimals to alcohol; the third stage is intensive alcoholization, at this stage the consumed doze of alcohol made14-18 g/kg of weight of a body in days. Use of the given model on female rats results in almost triple increaseof activity ALT and AST in plasma of blood, more than to triple increase of duration hexane sleep, more thanto double increase prothrombin time, almost triple decrease of the contents albumin in plasma of blood, that istypical of alcohol induced hepatic injury. The offered model does not contradict to the principles of bioethicsas excludes the violent introduction of alcohol accompanied with stress.


A machine generates and undergoes dynamic loads during its operation. These dynamic loads are the main source of vibration and noise. If the dynamic loads can be identified exactly, it will become possible to provide the data effective for the reduction of vibration and noise. However, by the method of identification of dynamic loads of the conventional multiple-input systems, noise has a large influence on accuracy. Thus, in this paper, an identification method based on a neural network is proposed for independent multiple-input loads, and the results of the simulation by using the conventional method and the neural network are shown and compared in detail.


Generative models have gained popularity for their potential applications in imaging science, such as image reconstruction, posterior sampling and data sharing. Flow-based generative models are particularly attractive due to their ability to tractably provide exact density estimates along with fast, inexpensive and diverse samples. Training such models, however, requires a large, high quality dataset of objects. In applications such as computed imaging, it is often difficult to acquire such data due to requirements such as long acquisition time or high radiation dose, while acquiring noisy or partially observed measurements of these objects is more feasible. In this work, we propose AmbientFlow, a framework for learning flow-based generative models directly from noisy and incomplete data. Using variational Bayesian methods, a novel framework for establishing flow-based generative models from noisy, incomplete data is proposed. Extensive numerical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of AmbientFlow in correctly learning the object distribution. The utility of AmbientFlow in a downstream inference task of image reconstruction is demonstrated.


In some examples, we describe a method for rebuilding a source provider environment in the target provider service environment. The method may include the use of internal direct dependency service applications and services described element source provider environment identification and services. The method may further comprise accessing dependency meta-described application of the internal direct dependency. The method further comprises establishing a target provider environment in accordance with the internal direct dependency dependency meta-application. The method may further comprise obtaining service mirror. The method may further include a mirror installed on the target service provider environment. The method may further comprise the application service element arranged mirror installed services is dependent on the internal direct dependency.


The Immoral Traffic Prevent Act fails to protect the children against commercial and sexual exploitation them. The present study makes an attempt to look into the shortcoming of the existing laws and their implementations. The study also tries to examine the causes of immoral trafficking and exploitation of the children, especially of girl children. The complexities and challenges of the Indian laws in protecting these evil activities have also been studies in this paper. The study suggest the essential restructuring of official/administrative structure and infrastructure for bringing the desired changes the lives of millions


ISSIDENT Tamil politics in Sri Lanka over the past two and a half deD cades has sought systematic change in the prevailing political structure as a way out of the continuing impasse in Sinhala-Tamil relations and as the only remedy against alleged ethnic discrimination by Sinhala-dominated governments against the Tamil population of Sri Lanka. The Tamil population of Sri Lanka is divisible-into two categories : the Sri Lanka (Ceylon) Tamils, numbering 1,416,000 (11.1 per cent of total population) in the 1971 Census, who are indigenous, of South Indian origin and who have a long history of settlement in the island; and the more recent immigrants, the Indian Tamils, numbering, 1,195,000 (9.4 per cent of total population), who also emigrated from South India in and after the 19th century, mainly as workers in British-owned tea and rubber plantations. Areas of Sinhala settlement divide the main Sri Lanka Tamil Northern and Eastern Provinces from the Central Province, which is. inhabited by Indian Tamils and Sinhalese. Since the mid-fifties, Sri Lanka Tamil leaders have sought the right to speak on behalf of all Tamil-speaking people in the island, including the Tamil-speaking Muslims, numbering about 850,000 (6 .5 per cent of total population), but neither the Indian Tamils nor the Muslims have supported the demand for a separate state.'


BY MICIIAEL SCI lOLL N1~ws Writer Enrollment at the University of Notre Dame has exceeded I 0,000 students for "thn seeond year in a row. according to a report issued by the . Univnrsity's offieP of Institutional Hesearch. A total of I 0,026 studnnts enrolled at Notrr. Dame for the fall 1990 semester, a decline of only 0.1 percent from tlw previous yPar. Thn continued numerical strPngth of Nlrs enrollment has pleasl'd University officials. With demographic studies showing a decline in the I R to 24 year-old population of the U.S .. many American colleges hav1~ had to scramble to get enough students fill their classes. Some schools have bnen accused of lowering their admission standards and engaging in overly aggressive recruiting practiees. Kevin Hooney, director of undergraduate admissions at NO,· says the University has been able to avoid engaging in such practices. He says ND's improving academic reputation has increased the school's poput'arity among prospective students. According to the report, minority students make up 13.1 percent of the undergraduate student body, and 5.7 percent of postbaccalaureate students.


ABSTRACT In the wake of COVID-19, the violence toward Asians has prompted many to reconsider how Asian femininity is rhetorically configured in the US racial landscape. In this article, I argue that the ongoing Othering of Asians as "perpetual foreigners" is sustained through ostensibly positive valuations of Asian feminine aesthetics, particularly related to skin texture and sexual prowess, as supplements for white bodies. The Asian feminine is most legible when enacting stereotypical embodiments that evoke sensory/sensual stimulation. Analysis of prominent discourses related to wellness and beauty products demonstrates how the rhetoric of racial supplementation, the aesthetic fetishization of racialized anatomical features as augmentation for the white consuming body, renders Asianness as most rhetorically legitimate when performing stereotypical embodiments. Beyond the one-dimensional nature of these stereotypes, they normalize the substitution of aesthetic performance for ontological motivation, which constrains the range of available opportunities for Asian and Asian American rhetors.


The invention relates to a compound shown in the formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, wherein R1 and R2 respectively represent hydrogen, R3 represents hydrogen or C1-C7 straight chain, branched chain or annular alkyl, and R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 respectively represent C1-C7 alkyl or halogenated C1-C7 alkyl. The invention also relates to a preparation method of the compound, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and a use of the compound or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt in preparation of a drug for inhibiting HIF prolyl hydroxylase or a drug for promoting endogenous EPO generation.


In this talk I divide dark energy models (precisely speaking, models to explain origin of current cosmic acceleration) existing in literatures in to three classes. The first one is to ascribe the cosmic acceleration to modifications of general relativity at cosmological scales. The second one is due to the backreaction of perturbations, or say, the effect of inhomogeneity of the universe. The third one is some exotic component in the universe, which appears in the right hand side of Einstein's equations. For each class I demonstrate some examples.


Objective To observe the changes in heart function of rabbits after acute renal ischemic reperfusion injury.Methods 14 healthy rabbits were randomly divided into sham control (SC) group and ischemic reperfusion (I/R) group.The variation of heart func- tion was observed continuously by four physiologic recorder at different points-before ischemia,within 1 hour after ischemia and within 1 hour after reperfusion.Results Compared withed with SC group,the maximal change rate of left ventricular pressure(±dp/dtmax),left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate(HR) significantly declined and left ventricular end di- astolic pressure (LVEDP) greatly increased in I/R group.Conclusion Acute renal ischemic reperfusion injury may injure heart function.


PURPOSE: A surge protector of an imaging device is provided to block surge introduced into a video signal line, a control signal line and a power line of the video system. CONSTITUTION: A surge protector of an imaging device includes an imaging device(30) for photographing a motion of an object and inputting a video signal through a video signal line, and an imaging device controller(20) for applying a control signal through a control line to control the position and distance of the imaging device and receiving the video signal. The surge protector further includes a control monitor(10) for supplying power to the imaging device controller and the imaging device through a power line and remotely monitoring and controlling the imaging device through the imaging device controller, and a surge protecting unit(40) for blocking surge introduced into the video signal line, control line and power line.


who need more information to more comprehensive studies. This is not a book that applies sophisticated theories on political parties to France, nor does it report on important new field research. Specialists on French politics will find little new. But the Frears book does do something that we sometimes neglect in American political science by providing a reliable, readable, and thoughtful synthesis of the theoretical and empirical research on a key set of political actors. As such, Parties and Voters in France will serve as a valuable resource for students and scholars.


Subcritical transition of an inhomogeneous plasma where turbulences with different characteristic space-time scales coexist is analyzed with methods of statistical physics of turbulences. We derived the development equations of the probability density function (PDF) of the spectrum amplitudes of the fluctuating electro-static potential. By numerically solving the equations, the steady state PDFs were obtained. Although the subcritical transition is observed when the turbulent fluctuations are ignored, the PDF shows that the transition is smeared out by the turbulent fluctuations. It means that the approximation ignoring the turbulent fluctuations employed by traditional transition theories could overestimate the range where hysteresis is observed and statistical analyses are inevitably needed.


To examine: (1) prevalence of fall risk–increasing drug (FRID) use among older adults with a fall‐related injury, (2) which FRIDs were most frequently prescribed, (3) whether FRID use was reduced following the fall‐related healthcare episode, and (4) which interventions have reduced falls or FRID use in older adults with a history of falls.


A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2007/2008 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt, to evaluate the ability of water and ethanol-alcohol for extracting the nutrients from mature farmyard manure. In addition to assessing the effect of mature (FYM), sediments (separated from extract), and both foliar application of extracts of farmyard manure (as organic farming technique) and mineral fertilizer treatment (as conventional cultivation system) on the quality and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) and soil health (physical, chemical and biological properties) after harvesting stage. Nine treatments were arranged in a complete randomized block design with four replicates, (mineral NPK, mature FYM, watery FYM extract, watery sediment, watery FYM extract with sediment, ethanolic FYM extract, ethanolic sediment, ethanolic FYM extract with sediment, and control treatment). FYM extracts were sprayed on plant foliage, while others were added as soil application. The soil application of mineral fertilizer (as conventional system) has the highest significant values for all vegetative growth parameters, yield, yield components, of potato comparing with other organic treatments. In contrary, the soil application of FYM achieved the highest values for improving soil health after harvesting stage (including soil physical, chemical and biological, properties), also reducing the accumulation of NO3 and NO2 contents in potato tuber. FYM application methods (as organic system) enhanced all studied potato vegetative growth parameters, quality and quantity of the yield and also improve soil health, compared to the untreated treatment. For all potato plant growth parameters, FYM application methods can be arranged in the order: spraying of ethanolic FYM extract with its sediment> spraying of watery FYM extract with its sediment> spraying ethanolic FYM extract> spraying watery FYM extract> mature FYM> watery sediment> ethanolic sediment. While, for improving soil health parameters the soil application of mature FYM gave the highest values followed by spraying of watery FYM extract with its sediment> ethanolic FYM extract with its sediment> watery sediment> ethanolic sediment. Furthermore, it was observed that ethanol as extractor was more effective than water and consequently spraying ethanolic FYM extract with its sediment or alone achieved higher values for all potato growth parameters compared to spraying of watery FYM extract either with or without its sediment.


Jump ability in relation to ball speed during windmill pitching by softball leg and reaction Abstract : The velocity of the center of gravity of the pivot leg and the ground reaction force of the stride leg during windmill pitching are critical for ball speed. The aim of this study is to investigate the jump ability in relation to the velocity of the center of gravity of the pivot leg and the ground reaction force of the stride leg. Seven female softball pitchers performed windmill pitching and various jump tests: countermovement jump, standing long jump (SLJ ) , rebound jump (RJ ) , and one-step approach single-leg vertical jump (AVJ ) . The analysis results were as follows. The se results demonstrated that the velocity of the center of gravity of the pivot leg and the ground reaction force of the stride leg—which, as demonstrated in previous studies, are crucial to determine the ball speed during windmill pitching—were correlated with the jump abilities. Moreover, the relationship between the jump abilities and the velocity of the center of gravity of the pivot leg and that between the jump abilities and the ground reaction force of the stride leg were different.


Twisting a wire pair is often used to reduce the wire's low frequency magnetic flux density impinging upon spatially adjacent circuitry. Typically, predictions of the magnetic flux density due to the twisted-wire pair are based upon mathematical formulations for infinite-length wires. In the present work, expressions for predicting the quasistatic magnetic flux density near a finite-length, current-carrying twisted-wire pair are derived. These equations are numerically integrated, and the results compared with the magnetic flux density from the corresponding straight-wire pair, thereby yielding results useful for electromagnetic compatibility analyses. Additionally, approximate far-zone magnetic flux density equations are developed, and their range of validity established. These equations are useful for magnetic flux density estimations at distances further removed from the twisted-wire pair than the usual ones encountered in a typical enclosure. Also, they show that the large near-zone reduction of the magnetic flux density magnitude obtained by twisting the wire pair, relative to the straight-wire pair, is not available in the far-zone.


Some brick-and-mortar bookstores have gained opportunities for transformation in recent years with the support of policies and funds, and their development has gradually picked up. But overall, they still face challenges. This paper analyzes the plights and challenges faced by physical bookstores, and puts forward that the bookstores should highlight their experience functions as knowledge and information education, entertainment and leisure, escape and immersion, and aesthetic perception given their characteristics and the attributes of consumers from the theoretical perspective of experience economy and with Librairie Avantgrade as a case. This paper also expounds the path of experiential development of physical bookstores from the perspectives of business model innovation, cultural space reconstruction and scene consumption behavior shaping.


The history of the international securities market origin in the XIXth century with the headquarters in London has been considered. The significance of the basic factors of market internationalization – technological innovations, the appearance of new financial instruments, development of stock exchanges and new means of communication.


EB(Eigen-Beamforming) has widely been applied to MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) systems to form beams which maximize the effective signal-to-interference plus noise ratio(SINR) of the receiver using the singular value decomposition(SVD) of the MIMO channel. However, the signal detection performance for the mobile station near the cell boundary is severely degraded and the transmission efficiency decreases due to the influence of the interference signal from the adjacent cells. In this paper, we propose an adaptive interference mitigation method for the EB transmission, and evaluate the reception performance. In particular, a reception strategy which adaptively utilizes optimal combining(OC) and minimum mean-squared error for Intercell spatial demultiplexing(MMSE-lSD) is proposed, and the reception performance is investigated in terms of the effective SINR and system capacity. For the average system capacity, the proposed adaptive reception demonstrates the performance enhancement compared to the conventional EB reception using the receiver beamforming vector, and up to 2 bps/Hz performance gain is achieved for mobile station located at the cell edge.


The reason for failure in engineering component can be attributed to design deficiencies, poor selection of materials, manufacturing defects, exceeding design limits and overloading, and inadequate maintenance. The behaviour of material depends on the chemical, physical, mineralogical, microstructure characteristics and the interaction between them in the concrete. The aim of this research is to investigate some of the properties on the concrete that is containing the lightweight expanded clay aggregates (LECA). Study the microstructure of concrete be able to understand the relationship between structure and behaviour of concrete. Interaction inside the phase of concrete such as dislocations, grain boundaries, phase interfaces, pores and crack can be identified by a microstructure of concrete. Therefore, a microstructure of concrete has been studied under a digital microscope. The properties of LECA were investigated in order to relate the behaviour of aggregate in the concrete. LECA were used in the production of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) with the size 50 mm × 50 mm × 50 mm. The results show that LECA has several improvements when compared with normal crushed aggregate. The density of LECA was 520 kg/m3 and its characteristics were round, rough and porous. Besides that, the LWAC shows an excellent strength development, 29.41 MPa compared than normal weight concrete (NWC), 25.57 MPa. The surface of LWAC was darker than NWC due to LWAC experience more hydration of ferrite compound. In addition, the microstructure investigation of the LWAC shows a good bonding between aggregate and mortar at the interface transition zone (ITZ).


An arts-based supplemental education program was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. It was hypothesized that this classroom program would cause gains in critical thinking skills, as measured through writing ability. The program provided 87 teachers in grades 3 through 12 with a classroom set of "Arts Indiana" magazine and an accompanying study guide. The qualitative study of teacher use of the resources and materials of the program identified teachers who were using the program effectively. About half of the program teachers agreed to participate in the quantitative part of the study, designed to evaluate students' critical thinking and writing skills. This study was completed in the context of a new state high school achievement test of writing. About 2,000 pretests were obtained after summer vacation before students participated in the supplemental program and about 1,700 posttests of student writing were also completed. Classwide losses in critical thinking skills were actually seen from pretest to posttest. Although the supplemental resource did not cause greater gains in critical thinking among its users, its effective use did reduce the classwide losses in students' critical thinking and writing experienced between the pretest and the posttest. Implications for teaching in general and for this program in particular are discussed. (Contains seven graphs.) (SLD) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** EVALUATING SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH MEASUREMENTS OF STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AND WRITING ABILITY A Paper Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting of the Mid-Western Educational Research Association October, 1998


Abstract In this note, a stochastic integration scheme is proposed as an alternative to a deterministic integration scheme, usually employed for the diffusion operator in data assimilation. The stochastic integration scheme is no more than a simple interpolation of the initial condition in lieu of the deterministic integration. Furthermore, this also presents a potential in high performance computing. For the classic preconditioned minimizing problem, the stochastic integration is employed to implement the square root of the background error covariance matrix, while its adjoint is obtained from the adjoint code of the square root code. In a first part, the stochastic integration method and its weak convergence are detailed. Then the practical use of this approach in data assimilation is described. It is illustrated in a 1D test bed, where it is shown to run smoothly for background error covariance modeling, with nearest-neighbor interpolations, and O(100) particles.


Possibly the first biofilm samples ever examined from a microbiological perspective were obtained from the oral cavity: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's tooth scrapings. Since that time, oral microbiologists have made major contributions to microbial taxonomy, physiology, and ecology. The oral cavity distinguishes itself from other environments by having over 700 phylotypes (taxonomic units), nearly half of which have culturable representatives. Aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, and obligately anaerobic physiologies are present. Members of the microbial kingdoms Archaea, Bacteria and Fungi are present. What generates and maintains this diversity? Why are these communities attractive targets for study? How does community analysis using modern molecular methods differ from that using classical bacteriological approaches? We strive to answer these questions in the following contribution and, as far as possible, we rely on knowledge obtained from studies of plaque in situ. The oral cavity as an environment for biofilm growth Sites for biofilm development in the human oral cavity can be segregated into tooth-associated sites and soft-tissue sites. Tooth surfaces are one of the few non-shedding surfaces in the human body and thus present unique opportunities for biofilm development. Each tooth varies somewhat from its neighbors with respect to flow rate of saliva across its surface, and with respect to wear through contact with the tongue or cheek. In contrast to lingual or buccal tooth surfaces, interproximal (between teeth) tooth surfaces are shielded from wear. Teeth thus present colonization sites not only along a gradient of nutrient quantity/quality that develops according to proximity to the different salivary glands and to gingival sulci (the source of gingival crevicular fluid) (Hannig, 1999), but also along a gradient of shear stress that develops according to salivary flow rate and abrasion (Dawes, et al., 1989). Softtissue surfaces likewise present sites along similar gradients, however these surfaces are continuously shed and thus must be constantly recolonized. Turnover time of oral epithelia ranges from roughly 6 days (tongue, cheek) to as much as 12 days (gingiva) (Itoiz and Carranza, 2002). Desquamated epithelial cells have been noted as components of tooth-surface biofilms (Nyvad, 1993) (Figure 10.1). Clearly, colonization of the desquamating epithelial cells is a different process compared to colonization of the non-shedding tooth surface. caister.com/biofilmsbooks Kolenbrander et al. 176 | Although saliva bathes both surfaces, biofilms on these two kinds of surfaces are certainly distinct. Saliva is the fluid that transports nutrients of dietary origin, in the form of partially dissolved carbohydrates and peptides, to oral biofilms. In addition, the same proteins and glycoproteins that make up the salivary secretions themselves can be substrates for bacterial growth (Homer, et al., 1996; Palmer, et al., 2001). The majority of salivary secretions originate from the three different major glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual. Each gland secretes saliva of a different composition: for example, the parotid gland is the source of amylase, whereas the sublingual and submandibular glands secrete the bulk of the mucins (Scannapieco, 1994). Thus, while the secretions of these glands combine within the oral cavity to create the mixture known as whole saliva, proximity of a particular bacterial colonization site to the ducts of the glands influences the composition and flow rate of the saliva across the site. The major component of whole saliva is the group of glycoproteins known as mucins. Mucins are also the major component in other secretions such as cervical mucous and sweat, but saliva differs dramatically from other secretions in the type and amount of other components. For example, amylase is the most prevalent protein component of saliva yet is found in only small amounts in other body secretions. Several minor Figure 10.1 An epithelial cell detected on the enamel surface is colonized with multi-species bacterial biofilm communities in 8-hour supragingival dental plaque. Communities are documented with FISH probes (eubacterial probe EUB338, blue; Streptococcus spp. probe STR405, red) in conjunction with general nucleic acid stain (acridine orange, green). The nucleus of the epithelial cell is stained with acridine orange (green). Streptococcus spp. cells (purple, colocalization of red + blue) are closely associated with non-Streptococcus spp. cells (blue) on the epithelial surface. (Bar 5 m; inset—same region at lower magnification). Reprinted from (Kolenbrander, et al., 2006). See also Plate 10.1. caister.com/biofilmsbooks Human Oral Multi-species Biofilms | 177 salivary components, such as lactoferrin, histatins and lysozyme, have antimicrobial properties thought to hinder invasion of the oral environment by bacteria not specifically adapted to this niche (Scannapieco, 1994). Salivary components such as proline-rich proteins are adsorbed onto tooth surfaces to form the acquired enamel pellicle, a protein film containing molecules specifically recognized by bacterial adhesins during the initial colonization of teeth (Scannapieco, 1994). In fact, because pellicle formation is so rapid (within minutes), oral biofilm bacteria are not in direct contact with the tooth surface. Tooth surfaces in and near the gingival sulci are contacted by a second non-salivary secretion called gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Like saliva, this secretion is a complex mixture, but GCF is closer in composition to serum than to saliva. GCF is roughly 30-fold higher in protein concentration than is saliva, and GCF is the major source of immunoglobulin G in the oral cavity (Cimasoni, 1983). Flow rates of GCF are very low (0.5–2.4 ml per day across the entire oral cavity) compared to saliva (0.5–2.0 ml per minute), and GCF is the primary fluid within the sulcus. Thus, the hard tissue environments of subgingival (bathed in GCF) and supragingival (bathed in saliva) sites are different from each other and their topology, in turn, is different from the soft tissue surface structure. The constant flow of saliva and GCF make it imperative for oral bacteria to adhere to a surface to prevent being swallowed. The differences in molecular composition of the acquired pellicle on the supragingival surface, GCF-bathed subgingival surface, and soft tissue surface mediate specific bacterial adherence preferences called tissue tropism.


ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS MATERIALS (China), Vol 19, No 3, P 41 42 (Jun 2000) In Chinese TiW Au thin film is widely applied to HIC's. The adherence between TiW and Au is dependent on the atmosphere of vacuum chamber. The problem of Au film peeling off is solved by cleaning gas pipe systems and vacuum chamber, adding gas valves to gas pipe systems and adopting gas of higher purity. Atmosphere in the chamber should be checked before sputtering. The cleanness of the chamber can be judged by the leakage rate of the system. (1 ref.)


The fotlowing gibberetlins (GAs) and antheridiogens were identified by their mass spectra and Kovats retention indices from combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometr)' of purified extracts of the prothaltia and sporophytes of Anemia pJij,Mtidis, a Schizaeaceous fern: a trace amount ofGA, (4-week-otd prothallia); GA,, GA,,, GA,,, antheridic acid and 3-epi-GA,, (6-week-old prothaUia); and GA,, GA,, GA,,, GA,,, GA2o, and GA24 [)'oung sporophytes (younger than one year old) andfor old sporophytes (between oneand


Regional spatial variation patterns in igneous emplacement pressures, initial
^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr (Sr_i) values, zircon U/Pb ages, and pluton bulk compositions of the Sierra
Nevada batholith are disrupted by the ~130-km-long proto–Kern Canyon fault, a Late
Cretaceous ductile shear zone in the southern Sierra Nevada batholith. Vertical displacement
and horizontal shortening across the proto–Kern Canyon fault in its early history
are roughly constrained by the disruption of a regional primary batholithic structure
that is recorded in petrologic and geochemical spatial variation patterns. The disruption
of these patterns suggests that the proto–Kern Canyon fault underwent (1) subvertical
west-directed reverse faulting that was instrumental in the exhumation and deep exposure
of the southern part of the Sierra Nevada batholith, and (2) southward-increasing
reverse/thrust displacement. The disruption of otherwise smoothly varying geobarometric
gradients across the central part of the proto–Kern Canyon fault suggests up
to ~10 ± 5 km of east-side-up reverse displacement across the shear zone. Southward
from this area, the proto–Kern Canyon fault truncates, at an oblique angle, the petrologically
distinct axial zone of the Sierra Nevada batholith, which suggests that up to
~25 km of normal shortening occurred across the southern part of the proto–Kern Canyon
fault. Normal shortening is further supported by the coincidence of the Sr_i = 0.706
isopleth with the proto–Kern Canyon fault from the point of initial truncation southward.
Zircon U/Pb ages from plutons emplaced along the shear zone during its activity
indicate that this shortening and vertical displacement had commenced by 95 Ma and
was abruptly overprinted by dominantly dextral displacement with small east-side-up
reverse components by 90 Ma. Conventional structural and shear fabric analyses, in
conjunction with geochronological data, indicate that at least ~15 km of dextral shear
slip occurred along the zone between 90 and 86 Ma, and another 12 ± 1 km of dextral
slip occurred along the northern segment of the zone between 86 and 80 Ma. This later
12 ± 1 km of dextral slip branched southwestward as the ductile-brittle Kern Canyon
fault, abandoning the main trace of the shear zone near its central section. Dextral
shearing in the ductile regime was replaced by brittle overprinting by 80 Ma.
The timing of initiation and the duration of reverse-sense displacement along
the proto–Kern Canyon fault correspond closely with the shallow flat subduction
of the Franciscan-affinity Rand schist along the Rand fault beneath the southernmost Sierra Nevada batholith. In its southern reaches, the proto–Kern Canyon fault flattens
into the Rand fault system, suggesting that it behaved like a lateral ramp. Post–90 Ma
dextral shear along the proto–Kern Canyon fault is suggested to have partitioned at
least part of the Farallon plate's tangential relative displacement component during
an increase in subduction obliquity. Late-stage dextral ductile shear and early phase
brittle overprints on the Kern Canyon fault system are coeval with tectonic denudation
of the southernmost Sierra Nevada batholith. Geometric relations of the system's
terminal ductile and early brittle history with orthogonal extensional structures pose
the possibility that the southern segment of the proto–Kern Canyon fault, along with
the younger Kern Canyon fault, behaved as a transfer system during the extensional
phases of tectonic denudation of the southernmost Sierra Nevada batholith, leading
to exposure of the oblique crustal section we see today.


A delivery skills method of instruction for reducing public speaking anxiety was tested. Results indicated that anxiety level decreased when delivery instruction was provided to high_ pprehensives prior to their first graded speech in a basic public speaking course. Results are interpreted within a task difficulty perspective and additional research directions are offered for testing the effectiveness of the perspective. THE EFFECTS OF DELIVERY SKILLS INSTRUCTION ON SPEECH ANXIETY Educators have long recognized the importance of crcating learning environments conducive to helping students feet less anxious whon developing their public speaking skills in the classroom. Research in communication education has recently examined several instructional methods for coping with speech anxiety in the classroom. For instance, Lake and Adams (1984) report that videotaping of speeches does not elevate anxiety level of students while Ayres and Hopf (1985) have shown that having students visualizing themselves presenting an effective speech does decrease anxiety level. Still other research shows that anxiety is moderated by a combination of cognitive and behavioral techniques, one of which involves small group exercises prior to the presentation of classroom speeches (Connell & Borden, 1987) while another study (Littlefield & Selinow, 1987) found that a "sharedfeelings" speech in which students present a personal experience to the class in the form of a speech is not superior to a researchoriented speech in reducing anxiety early in the semester. The literature of psychology further demonstrates that anxiety reduction of public speaking is effectively moderated by both cognitive modification and systematic desensitization treatment methods. For example, cognitive modification has been found to reduce anxiety better than placebo treatments or control groups receiving no treatment (Weissberg, 1977; Trexler & Karst, 1972; Karst & Trexler, 1970). When compared with other anxiety-reduction treatments, cognitive modification has been found to work as well as although not better than speech skills training (Fremouw & Zitter, 1975) and fixed-role therapy (Karst & Trexler, 1970). On the other hand, one study suggests that cognitive modification is less effective than systematic desensitization in reducing speech anxiety associated with public speaking (Paul & Shannon, 1966) while another study suggests that cognitive modification is effective only in combination with desensitization (Weissberg & Lamb, 1977). At least one study, however, reports that cognitive modification appears to work equally well within both a group insight and a group desensitization setting (Meichenbaum, Gilmore, & Fedoravicius, 1971). While research has tested various methods of reducing public speaking anxiety, little research is available to confirm the effectiveness of speech skills training in moderating anxiety in the classroom. A small body of research, however, has examined the impact of skills training (Fremouw & Zitter, 1978; Wc1.ssberg & Lamb, 1977) and has shown that a combination of organizational and delivery skills training provides effective treatment for public speaking anxiety. On the other hand, one study (Worthington and Others, 1981) shows that skills training is only effective in reducing anxiety when offered in combination with coping skills training. 1 Although research in skills training is sparse, other research shows that delivery skills is a concern to students who are apprehensive about public speaking. Neer and his colleagues (Neer, Hudson, & Warren, 1982; Neer & Kircher, 1984) have shown that students who are highly apprehensive about public speaking recommend several instructional practices to their instructors for reducing their anxiety, including waiting until after the first required speech to discuss delivery and provide -.raining in delivery mechanics. These studies suggest that apprehensive speakers view delivery mechanics as a possible source of their anxiety and that they perceive initial, non-technical experience as a means of gaining confidence in their speaking ability. Research offers a rationale for proceeding from the basic to the more technical or difficult speaking assignment. For instance, Barytes (1976) has shown that apprehensives are often "traumatized" by pubic speaking and some students may leave the course more apprehensive about speaking. McCroskey,Ralph, and Barrick (1970) further report that some apprehensives become so anxious about speaking they drop their required speech course before the first speaking assignment. Apprehensives who do not drop their required public speaking course also seem to do less well on both written examinations (Scott & Wheeless, 1977) and their final speech performance (Gadke, 1981). Given the potential impact of a public speaking course on high apprehensive students, it will come as no surprise that effective classroom instruction in public speaking may be enhanced by creating a comfortable and supportive environment, as Adler (1980) and Kougl (1980) have advocated. Thus, this study attempted to create a less-threatening learning experience by structuring delivery skills instruction both befor, and after the first required speech as a test of the effects of delivery training on speech performance. Two hypotheses were developed to test the effects of delivery skills training. The first hypothesis asserts that apprehensives will focus more attention on delivery when training is provided prior to the first speech and will therefore experience more anxiety and concern about their speaking ability. The second hypothesis suggests that prior instruction, because it does not allow for non-graded practice before having to use delivery skills in a graded speech, will impoct negatively on speech grades that apprehensives receive which, in turn, will make them more anxious. On the other hand, apprehensives receiving delayed instruction are hypothesized to experience less anxiety both prior to and after speaking since delivery will not function as a secondary source of anxiety-arousal. HI. Apprehensives receiving specific prior instruction will: (A) experience greater concern and worry about delivery, (B) rate their performance less favorably, and (C) express more difficulty with executing delivery mechanics than apprehensives receiving delayed instruction. H2. Apprehensives receiving prior instruction will (A) score lower speech grades, and (B) report less anxiety-change than apprehensives receiving delayed instruction.


Frequency-dependent magnetization characteristics potentially promote magnetic nanoparticles as prominent nanotracers for tomographic imaging. Owing to fast Neel dynamics relative to Brownian rotation of colloidal magnetic nanoparticles, we can demonstrate a two-dimensional image reconstruction from the Neel and Brownian relaxation responses modulated by external oscillatory field bursts with two distinctive frequencies. To realize a micrometer-scale resolution, a field-free-point (FFP) is manipulated to move in a dense Lissajous trajectory by low-frequency perpendicular sinusoidal fields across a steep field gradient between two permanent magnets. Instead of directly recording the resulting harmonic responses, we use an orthogonal high-frequency field to probe the time-varying FFP movement coupled with the moment relaxation. The proposed method achieves high spatial resolution, irrespective of the nonlinearity of the magnetization response, making it practical for bioanalytical imaging of cells and small animal models.Frequency-dependent magnetization characteristics potentially promote magnetic nanoparticles as prominent nanotracers for tomographic imaging. Owing to fast Neel dynamics relative to Brownian rotation of colloidal magnetic nanoparticles, we can demonstrate a two-dimensional image reconstruction from the Neel and Brownian relaxation responses modulated by external oscillatory field bursts with two distinctive frequencies. To realize a micrometer-scale resolution, a field-free-point (FFP) is manipulated to move in a dense Lissajous trajectory by low-frequency perpendicular sinusoidal fields across a steep field gradient between two permanent magnets. Instead of directly recording the resulting harmonic responses, we use an orthogonal high-frequency field to probe the time-varying FFP movement coupled with the moment relaxation. The proposed method achieves high spatial resolution, irrespective of the nonlinearity of the magnetization response, making it practical for bioanalytical imaging of cells and small...


This paper revisits the exchange rate-fundamentals debate for the case of the South African Rand; emphasising the role of commodity prices. The exchange rate determination puzzle has been at the heart of exchange rate studies since the Meese-Rogoff (1983) seminal paper. We use floating nominal exchange rate data for South Africa and find evidence in support of a long-run relationship in the commodity-price augmented PPP and monetary models for South Africa. We demonstrate that inclusion of commodity prices improves the in-sample fit of canonical exchange rate model specifications. With respect to out-of-sample short-horizon forecasts, inclusion of commodity prices does improve accuracy although this result is not robust to model and horizon specification. Keywords : Commodity prices; Exchange rates; Structural models.


Summary form only given. The linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) are basic building blocks of many keystream generators in the fields of security communication and cipher, where the initial states of the LFSRs are often considered to be the secret key. An important restoring method is correlation attack based on the convolutional codes. The conventional Viterbi algorithm is designed to decode the convolutional code with a rate of k/n and a small constraint length, where k<n, n/spl les/8 and the constraint length is lesser than 9 usually. However, restoring the initial states of LFSR may be applied to decode the convolutional codes with very low rate (for example 1/5000) and long constraint length (for example 18), so the conventional Viterbi algorithm must be modified here. This paper improved the conventional Viterbi algorithm's storage structure such that it can be used for decoding these kinds of convolutional codes. Furthermore, the new algorithm constructed a Hamming distance table and improved the original Viterbi algorithm's performance.


Objective To explore the awareness and high risk bebavior of HIV/AIDS and the prevalences of human immunodefficiency virus(HIV),syphilis,hepatitis C among sex workers of different nationdlities in frontier trade area in order to provide basis for intervention of the diseases.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out based on the scheme of National HIV Comprehensive Sentinel Site Surveillance.Serum samples were tested for HIV,syphilis,and hepatitis C.Results Totally 262 sex workers took part in the survey and 244 blood samples were collected.Among 177 Chinese sex workers,the average age was 33 years,mainly ranging from 20 to 45 years old,and most of them were married(65.54%) and from other provinces(61.58%).The education level of the sex workers was mainly junior school or lower.For the 85 Vietnamese sex workers,the average age was 25 years old and 64.71% of them were younger than 24 years old and 62.35% of them were single with the education level of junior school or higher.The rate of correct answers to 6 items in the questionnaire was 99.62% and the rate of "mosquito bite could not transmit HIV" was very low.Condom use rates among Chinese sex workers in the last sex a and last month were lower than those of among Vietnamese sex workers with significant differences(χ2=20.24,P0.01;χ2=32.44,P0.01).Of the Chinses sex workers,3.39% used durg.The infection rates of HIV,syphilis,and hepatitis C were 0.41%,1.64%,and 0.82%,respectively.Conclusion The rate of correct answer to"mosquito bite could not transmit HIV" is very low among the sex workers.Condom use rate among Chinese sex worders is low.There were drug users and HIV,syphilis,hepatitis C infections among Chinese sex workers.


Drug injection device attached to the skin (1) detects that the user has tapped the housing (2) of the device, the device controller (16) electrical signals to be able to generate an accelerometer a (26), the device controller recognizes this signal as user requests for information about the delivery of ongoing drug, an accelerometer, a separate portable user device having a display (e.g., movement It said information to the telephone) (e.g., including a transmitter for wirelessly transmitting (30) as a response to the remaining time) expected during injection. Therefore, the user who carries the injection device under clothing may receive unobtrusively feedback about the state of injection.


This paper studies the historical development,present situation and development tendency of the practice of classifying high school students into science and art in Japan,and analyzes the relationship between the college entrance system and the high school education in Japan.


ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B (ARL13B), a regulatory GTPase and guanine exchange factor (GEF) enriches in primary cilia and promotes tumorigenesis in part by regulating Smoothened (SMO), GLI, and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. Gliomas with increased ARL13B, SMO and GLI2 expression are more aggressive but the relationship to cilia is unclear. Previous studies showed increasing ARL13B in glioblastoma cells promoted ciliary SMO accumulation, independent of exogenous SHH addition. Here we show SMO accumulation is due to increased ciliary, but not extraciliary ARL13B. Increasing ARL13B expression promotes the accumulation of both activated SMO and GLI2 in glioma cilia, but not in NIH3T3 fibroblast cilia. ARL13B-driven increases in ciliary SMO and GLI2 are resistant to SMO inhibitors, GDC-0449 and cyclopamine. Finally, temozolomide chemotherapy which increases ARL13B expression in glioma, stimulates SMO and GLI2 into glioma cilia, but not fibroblast cilia. Collectively, our data suggest factors that elevate ARL13B may drive drug-resistant SMO and GLI into cilia. This suggests the ARL13B-associated mechanism that leads to ciliary SMO/GLI recruitment may promote treatment resistance in glioma.


This study aims to describe the implications of socio-economic change caused by tourism development and to explore the relationship between society and tourism from a sociological perspective. By using a qualitative approach with a case study research design, this study analyses data that was obtained through observation, documentation, and interviews. The participants involved were the local community living in Keciput village, the Keciput village staff members, the Tanjung Kelayang Beach tourism manager, and the Belitung Regency tourism office staff members. The study found that the tourism development of Keciput village had caused changes in the social and economic life of the local communities. In terms of social life, the emergence of tourism development had caused interactions to decrease. Previously, when the interactions among the people were still very intense, the economy of the community was also on the rise. However, ever since the tourism development took place, it has changed the people's type of livelihood: where previously they had worked as fishermen, they are now working as transport services fishermen. The economic value of tourist activities is also classified into a higher category because the yield from the marine sources is very dependent on the season.


Cardiovascular diseases pose a great threat to health and life of the population of our planet. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system in the Russian Federation and many economically developed countries. According to the Research Center for Preventive Medicine, coronary heart disease affects about 16 % of the population aged 45–65 years. Aim. To study the effect of anxiety on the quality of life of a patient with coronary heart disease. Results. The analysis of the change in the ratio of the levels of awareness and anxiety during testing at the 1st and 2nd stages of the study shows the correlation of these values. Increasing the patient's awareness leads to a decrease in anxiety. Conclusion. Increasing the level of awareness about one's disease, involvement in cooperation, and awareness of responsibility for one's health helps to reduce the degree of anxiety, adapt to everyday life, and significantly improves the quality of life of patients with coronary heart disease.


The Italian system of Green Certificates to promote the production of electricity from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has a number of peculiar features that differentiates it from those of other countries. This paper briefly presents these characteristics, and attempts to answer two main questions: Is this system likely to encourage the diffusion of RES to the extent envisaged by the Italian and the EU energy policies? Does this system effectively use market forces to obtain this goal?


We outline the main differences in the activity profile of bacterial cultures studied by dynamic laser speckle (or biospeckle) patterns. The activity is detected in two sorts of culture mediums. The optical setup and the experimental procedure are presented. The experimentally obtained images are processed by the temporal difference method and a qualitative assessment is made with the time history of speckle patterns of the sample. The main differences are studied after changing the culture medium composition. We conclude that the EC medium is suitable to detect the E. coli bacterial presence in early hours and that Mueller Hinton agar delays some additional hours to make possible the assessment of bacteria in time.


7588 Background: Stage IV NSCLC p with EGFR mutations treated with erlotinib had a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 14 months (m) and median survival (MS) of 27 m in our experience. However, EGFR mutations can only imperfectly predict outcome. PIK3CA mutations occur in several tumors and have prognostic and therapeutic implications. We examined the presence and potential influence of PIK3CA mutations on outcome to erlotinib in NSCLC p with EGFR mutations.

METHODS
PIK3CA mutation status was assessed in pretreatment paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 118 advanced NSCLC p with EGFR mutations treated with erlotinib. E542K, E545K and H1047R mutations were screened by 5'-nuclease PCR (Taqman) assay and confirmed by standard PCR followed by sequencing.

RESULTS
PIK3CA mutations were detected in 6 of 118 patients (5.1%). 84% of p with PIK3CA mutations had adenocarcinomas vs 50% of p with wild-type (wt) PIK3CA (P=0.01). Response rate was 50% for p with mutations vs 70% for p with wt PIK3CA (P=0.03). There were no other differences between p with and without PIK3CA mutations. 2 of the 6 p with PIK3CA mutations had the uncommon L861Q mutation in exon 21 of EGFR. 1 of the 6 p had complete response; 2 had partial response; 3 had progressive disease. There was a non-significant trend towards shorter PFS for the 6 p with PIK3CA mutations (9 vs 16 m; P=0.59). MS was not reached for the 6 p with PIK3CA mutations, while it was 29 m for p with wt PIK3CA (P=0.09).

CONCLUSIONS
PIK3CA mutations can be present in some EGFR-mutant NSCLC p, with lower response and a trend towards shorter PFS. Treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors plus PIK3CA inhibitors should be tested in this small subset of p with double mutations.


The formation and transformation of non-metallic globular inclusions (Type-D inclusions) in bearing steel production were studied. There were different kinds of Type-D inclusions in the commercial specimens of bearing steel from SEM inspection. Al content had important effect on the inclusion formation in the experiment of an induction furnace. A great amount of MgO·Al2O3 formed with high Al deoxidation in MgO crucible melting. With high content of Ca, the inclusions of MgO·Al2O3 spinel will become calcium-aluminates entirely. The results show that the contents of Ca, Mg and Al in liquid steel have important effect on the formation of D-type inclusions. It is tested in the experiment of bearing steel production that Type-D inclusions can be improved by specific slag modification and composition optimization.


A comparison study was made on the structure,diversity and biomass of plant community in different utilization during recovering of degenerative steppe,the bases of data were from the investigation of fixed sample plot and quadrat of community.The results showed that:The prohibition of grazing had an effect on increasing the importance value of dominant species of steppe plant community.The recovering of dominant species of steppe plant community was better in six-block rotational grazing ways than in limited steppe grazing ways.Similarity index in different utilization indicated that grazing disturbance increased similarity,the disturbance to steppe in six-block rotational grazing ways was less than in limited steppe grazing ways.The diversity in limited steppe grazing ways didn't increase obviously and the diversity in prohibition of grazing ways was higher,but it might mean that the resilience was worse.The resilience of steppe plant community was better in six-block rotational grazing ways.The prohibition of grazing decreased the biomass of the poisonous plant and the effects of decreasing the biomass of the poisonous plant was better in six-block rotational grazing ways than in limited steppe grazing ways,and the six-block rotational grazing was helpful to the resuming of steppe plant community.We should further study the six-block rotational grazing way in the future.