Several mechanisms are involved in shaping species' distributions, such as abiotic parameters of climate and substrate; biotic interactions with competitors, predators, and mutualists; and geographic considerations that constrain dispersal. Janzen, in 1967, proposed that mountain passes are effectively higher in the Tropics than in temperate areas in terms of their effectiveness in limiting dispersal, creating greater opportunity for isolation of populations, and differentiation into new species. Here, I analyze quantitatively predictions derived from Janzen's theory via 1000 virtual species across South America covering all major environments on the continent, taking into account effects of environmental contiguity and connectivity, effects of seasonality, and presence of known biogeographic barriers (rivers, principally). Virtual species' distributions were obtained by calculating Euclidean distances in ecological space to 1000 seed points, and applying different thresholds of ecological similarity within which the species is allowed to disperse into adjacent pixels. Distributional areas were measured taking into account only mean environmental similarity across the year, and considering the effects of seasonality and known geographic barriers. The results illuminate the situation: distributional areas are smaller in temperate areas when only mean similarity is considered (contra Janzen), 6 but the pattern reverses when seasonality and barriers are considered, confirming and clarifying Janzen's ideas regarding generation of greater biological diversity in tropical areas as compared with temperate areas.


bullets? Were his contradictions dictated by Victorian modesty in this most personal matter, or were they the unfortunate cerebral result of a post-traumatic subclavian steal? Despite many authorized medical contributions'<t, the problem remains unsolved, although I am personally attracted by the ingenious two-wounds one-bullet theory of Wagley8. More moving is the mysterious letter published in November, 1890, in The Lancet under the pseudonym Irene, seeking help and advice in the difficult task of caring for a cocaine addict". The pseudonym is transparent: according to Baring-Gould", the encounter of Watson and Irene Adler took place in May 1887 (A Scandal in Bohemia) and by September 1888 Holmes was seeking comfort in the dreadful cocaine-bottle (The Sian if Four) 1, not an uncommon practice at that time!", Criticism was directed toward the medical skills of Watson: he had his limitations, certainly, but he was honest enough to seek authoritative opinion, as demonstrated in The Adventure if the Dyina Detective (November 1887) or in this letter to The Lancet. Dr Watson was a physician of his time, and, for one trained in the Army Medical Department, a reasonably sound one I!, 12.


"Mathematical Analysis" is a fundamental course among courses of mathematics for undergraduate students,which most content is the core components of "Higher Mathematics",and plays a decisive role among the teaching of mathematical courses of science and engineering;it contains the contents which is the tools of other course,students' understanding about this course will directly affect the situation to learn all other mathematics courses.During daily teaching,we should reform continuously teaching methods in order to create open classroom and practical instruction.It is significant in term of training students' consciousness to analyze and solve problem and imporove the ability of sustainable research questions.


BACKGROUND
Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for hemodialysis frequently fail to mature because of inadequate dilation or early stenosis. The pathogenesis of AVF nonmaturation may be related to pre-existing vascular pathologic states: medial fibrosis or microcalcification may limit arterial dilation, and intimal hyperplasia may cause stenosis.

STUDY DESIGN
Observational study.

SETTING & PARTICIPANTS
Patients with chronic kidney disease (N = 50) undergoing AVF placement.

PREDICTORS
Medial fibrosis, microcalcification, and intimal hyperplasia in arteries and veins obtained during AVF creation.

OUTCOME & MEASUREMENTS
AVF nonmaturation.

RESULTS
AVF nonmaturation occurred in 38% of patients despite attempted salvage procedures. Preoperative arterial diameter was associated with upper-arm AVF maturation (P = 0.007). Medial fibrosis was similar in patients with nonmaturing and mature AVFs (60% ± 14% vs 66% ± 13%; P = 0.2). AVF nonmaturation was not associated with patient age or diabetes, although both variables were associated significantly with severe medial fibrosis. Conversely, AVF nonmaturation was higher in women than men despite similar medial fibrosis in both sexes. Arterial microcalcification (assessed semiquantitatively) tended to be associated with AVF nonmaturation (1.3 ± 0.8 vs 0.9 ± 0.8; P = 0.08). None of the arteries or veins obtained at AVF creation had intimal hyperplasia. However, repeated venous samples obtained in 6 patients during surgical revision of an immature AVF showed venous neointimal hyperplasia.

LIMITATIONS
Single-center study.

CONCLUSION
Medial fibrosis and microcalcification are frequent in arteries used to create AVFs, but do not explain AVF nonmaturation. Unlike previous studies, intimal hyperplasia was not present at baseline, but developed de novo in nonmaturing AVFs.


A kinds of porous glass microsphere,FXBL,were prepared by the phase separation. The microsphere was used as the carrier for immobilizing α-amylase by the aborption,the convalent binding and the diazotization-coupling methods.And meanwhile,the three methods were compared through the effect of immobilization. So one of them,the convalent binding method,was picked out. After then,the effect of making porous glass process on immobilized α-amylase was studied .The main conclusion is followed as: Phase separation at 580℃ get the grab on 560℃,after 36h,the time of phase separation has little effectiveness on activity of immobilized α-amylase. Hole reamed by 0.3 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution is the most effective. Hole eroded by 0.3 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution,the activity of immobilized α-amylase is the maximum.


This study reports on the photodegradation of biodiesel in contact with water using the photo-Fenton reaction. After 360 h of photodegradation, we observed a reduction of 73% in the amount of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) initially quantified by gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). During the photodegradation, peaks for ketones and epoxy groups in carbon chains were recorded by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and typical aldehyde and short-chain fatty acid shifts in hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) were observed. Ecotoxicity assays with Artemia salina revealed the presence of toxic components in the aqueous phase in increasing amounts up to 168 h of photodegradation and decreasing thereafter.


Pointreau et al. (1) clearly showed that docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) is better than PF for larynx preservation in their important phase III study. Unfortunately, we are only given results for larynx preservation as an indicator of a successful laryngeal outcome. It is important to address the issue of laryngectomy-free survival, too, because that endpoint has broader implications. Laryngectomy-free survival accounts for those patients who survived with an intact and functional larynx instead of only focusing on those with a preserved larynx. Two endpoints that are considered by many to be important in larynx preservation trials are not presented in the study. These are prolonged trache-otomy and permanent percutaneous endo-scopic gastrostomy dependency (2 , 3). Interpretation and implication of the results of the trial will be strengthened by these data. It is also not clear why a total larynge-ctomy was chosen as the operation of choice for these patients instead of a partial laryngectomy in which a portion of the larynx was preserved. Finally, five patients


The main objective of this review is to investigate the effects of temperature of fermentation environment, chopped length of the forages and fermentation period on the quality of silage. The problem in this agricultural research industry is that there is a lack of interest in doing the investigation by cross-relating other available knowledge in this field. Fermentation process of silage can also apply the concept of chemical processing by investigating the parameters related to the process, like those mentioned above. From this review, it was found that temperature and chopped length do not significantly affect the quality of silage produced but the fermentation period must be considered as a crucial parameter. Recommendation is that further investigation on fermentation period by different type of forage must be considered and the effect of additive on the completion of fermentation process must also be investigated in order to save time, cost and to optimize nutrient content in silage. © 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society


Time-periodic shear flows can give rise to Para- metric Instability (PI), as in the case of the Mathieu equa- tion (Stoker, 1950; Nayfeh and Mook, 1995). This mech- anism results from a resonance between the oscillatory ba- sic state and waves that are superimposed on it. Farrell and Ioannou (1996a, b) explain that PI occurs because the snap- shots of the velocity profile are subject to transient growth. If the flows were purely steady the transient growth would subside and not have any long lasting effect. However, the coupling between transient growth and the time variation of the basic state create PI. Mathematically, transient growth, and therefore PI, are due to the nonorthogonal eigenspace in the linearized system. Poulin et al. (2003) studied a time-periodic barotropic shear flow that exhibited PI, and thereby produced mixing at the interface between Potential Vorticity (PV) fronts. The in- stability led to the formation of vortices that were stretched. A later study of an oscillatory current in the Cape Cod Bay illustrated that PI can occur in realistic shear flows (Poulin and Flierl, 2005) 1 . These studies assumed that the basic state was periodic with a constant frequency and amplitude. In this work we study a shear flow similar to that found in Poulin et al. (2003), but now where the magnitude of vorticity is a stochastic variable. We determine that in the case of stochas- tic shear flows the transient growth of perturbations of the snapshots of the basic state still generate PI.


The eradication of yaws, a childhood disease caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, is constrained by the lack of rapid, accurate diagnosis. We sought to develop a molecular point-of-care test for the diagnosis of yaws.

 A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay with primers targeting the conserved gene, tp0967, with visual detection by lateral flow test strip was developed. The assay was optimized by varying the concentrations of reagents as well as the temperature and time of the reaction. The limit of detection and selectivity of the assay were evaluated. Subsequently, 63 clinical samples from yaws-infected lesions were used to determine the sensitivity of the assay from both unextracted and DNA extracted swab samples as compared to the current molecular testing protocol (CDC PCR assay) as the gold standard. A further five clinical samples from lesions containing PCR-confirmed syphilis pathogen (Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum) were tested to ensure specificity of the assay for yaws alone.

 The developed LAMP assay was found to be optimal when run at 65oC for 30 minutes. The limit of detection was 2.7*104 copies DNA per mL. Out of the 63 yaws samples tested, the CDC assay, extracted DNA LAMP assay, and unextracted DNA using the LAMP assay resulted in 12, 14, and 8 positive results, respectively. None of the syphilis samples tested positive in any of the assays.

 We show the development of a fast and sensitive LAMP assay for Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue detected by lateral flow test strip. Using extracted DNA, the assay sensitivity is on par with gold standard detection. Further, the assay can be adapted to minimal sample processing required for in-field detection without DNA extraction.


religiousness. She sees its value in both the variety of disciplines on which it draws, and a fresh reflection upon the subject in history. She interprets the value of the approach to be the widening of the perspective of the historian, and the honoring of the actual beliefs of the historical subjects. While Loetz's work demands engagement, it presents also particularly thorny problems for evaluation. Perhaps a number of practitioners of the sub-disciplines that Loetz finds inadequate to the task of understanding religiousness could cavil at her work; I will only consider the history of doctrine. While Loetz makes an important point about how church historians can concentrate only on theological ideas, that point by no means encompasses the whole of the field at present—there has been a burgeoning movement in the past decades to understand the complex relationship between religious authorities and religious communities. Further, her own lack in this field shows up at various points, I will consider two. First, for the Reformed, blasphemy was inherently tied to idolatry. But this well-known facet of doctrinal history is wholly missing from her analysis, even Carlos Eire's masterwork (War Against the Idols: The Reformation of Worship from Erasmus to Calvin [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989]) does not appear in the bibliography. Second, this lack contributes to Loetz's superficial understanding of the kind of believers and church that the Zurich reformers were attempting to form. Instead of seeing Lucerne's docile and ignorant believers as morally superior and safer, Zwingli and Bullinger would most likely have been horrified at their dependence on implicit faith, and would have feared for their souls. This is an important book, with enormous implications for the study of religious communities and ideas. But at times, its reach exceeds its grasp.


In white light of 33.2-mu-mol . m-2 . s-1 oxygen evolution of Chlorella kessleri is about 30 % higher after growth in blue light than after growth in red light of the same quantum fluence rate. When determined by the light-induced absorbance change at lambda-820 nm, blue light-adapted cells possess about 60 % more reaction centres per total chlorophyll in photosystem II. Correspondingly, the cells exhibit about 30 % more Hill activity of PS II. Conversely, red light-adapted cells contain relatively more reaction centres and higher electron flow capacities of photosystem I. The distribution of total chlorophyll among the pigment-protein complexes, CPI, CPIa, CPa, and LHC II, corresponds to these data. There is more chlorophyll associated with the light-harvesting complex of PS II, LHC II, in cells under blue light conditions, but more chlorophyll bound to both complexes of PS I, CPI and CPIa, in cells under red light conditions. The respective ratios of chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b of all complexes are identical for blue and red light-adapted cells. This results in a higher relative amount of chlorophyll b in blue light-adapted cells. Total carotenoids per total chlorophyll are increased by 20 % in red light-adapted cells. Their distribution among the pigment-protein complexes is unknown, however the ratios of lutein, neoxanthin and violaxanthin extractable from LHC II are different in blue (32.1: 35.9: 32.0) and in red (51.4: 26.7: 21.9) light-adapted cells.


Shi Zhi is a pioneer of misty poetry.His poems are not only full of strong modernity which was initiated by him and had great aspiration on later generations,but also full of classical feelings.Shi Zhi was under the influences of classical poetry at early childhood and was later mediated by political lyrics of the times,so that his poems display very rare quality——classical feelings which are embodied in three levels:lyric tradition, illustration of artistic concept and classical style.It is worthwhile to inherit and carry out his classical poetry tradition which can help alert the boisterous and disordered poetry world.


Based on Black-Scholes model,firstly,presents two kinds of finite difference scheme of pricing for American put options.The finite difference includes exponential fitted finite difference scheme and extrapolated exponential fitted finite difference scheme.Secondly,a numerical example is given and the validity of the two kinds of algorithm is checked by a series of experiments.Finally,The advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of numerical method are discussed.In addition,The speed and accuracy of the procedure are compared against existing methods as well.And some useful results are obtained for its application in the option markets.


Flexible flapping wings have garnered a large amount of attention within the micro aerial vehicle (MAV) community: a critical component of MAV flight is the coupling of aerodynamics and structural dynamics. This paper presents a computational framework for simulating shell-like wing structures flapping in incompressible flow at low Reynolds numbers in both hover and forward flight. The framework is developed by coupling an in-house co-rotational finite element structural dynamics solver suitable for small strain and large rotations, to an in-house pressure-based Navier-Stokes solver. The development of the computational structural dynamics (CSD) solver and its coupling with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver is discussed in detail. Validation studies are presented for both the CSD and the aeroelastic solvers using different wing configurations. Structural dynamics solutions are presented for rectangular wings with either a prescribed plunge or a single degree-of-freedom flapping motion. The aeroelastic response is computed for two different wing configurations: 1) a thin-plate rectangular aluminum wing (aspect ratio 6) undergoing a single-axis large amplitude flapping motion and 2) a rectangular wing of NACA0012 cross-section (aspect ratio 6) under a pure plunge motion. Results are validated against available experimental data and those obtained from a different aeroelasticity framework previously developed by the authors.


We present a study of the effect of an electric field on the binding energy of a shallow hydrogenic impurity in GaAs/Ga_{1-x}Al_{x}As quantum well wires. The wire is considered to be of length L and radius R and the electric field F is applied along the z-axis, the axis of the wire.


The invention discloses a high-efficiency bactericidal composition containing fenamidone and triazole. The bactericidal composition contains an active ingredient A and an active ingredient B, wherein the active ingredient A is selected from fenamidone; the active ingredient B is a triazole bactericide; the triazole bactericide is selected from any one of the following compounds: tetraconazole, penconazole, flusilazole and prothioconazole; and the weight ratio of the active ingredient A to the active ingredient B is 1:60-80:1. The composition has high activity to various diseases of various crops, and has an obvious synergistic effect, and the bactericidal spectrum is expanded. The bactericidal composition also has the obvious characteristics of small dosage, rain wash resistance and obvious synergistic effect.


Aflatoxin contamination of maize, is of major concern in Malawi, and levels are much higher than the tolerance limits for aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins . Maize is a staple for Malawians and the forms prepared for consumption are presumed to have carryover toxins.  Likuni phala ; a porridge flour formulated from maize and soybean in the ratio of 4:1(w/w), was developed as a supplementary food to alleviate Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), which is highly prevalent  in under five year old children. It is assumed that the product is contaminated with carryover aflatoxin. Nixtamalization or alkali cooking has been found to reduce aflatoxin contents among other effects. The aim of this study was to establish the levels of total aflatoxin in the Likuni phala , determine their reduction in porridge preparation by addition of alkali, assess the exposure to aflatoxin in small children and also test for its sensory acceptability. Samples were collected from three factories, two cottage and one large, all located in districts of the Southern Region of Malawi. Three samples were collected from each factory at two week intervals. The samples were analysed for total aflatoxin, then cooked into porridge with addition of lime at levels between 0.1% – 0.8%. The porridges were analysed for aflatoxin and subjected to sensory evaluation. Exposure to aflatoxin on the children was also calculated.  Results showed that aflatoxin was absent in the samples from the cottage industries, but all the three samples from the large factory contained levels above the tolerance levels (10µg kg -1 for total and 5µg kg -1 for Aflatoxin B1). Cooking with alkali reduced the levels of aflatoxin to below the tolerance levels even at the lowest level of alkali addition. Sensory evaluation showed that the porridges were acceptable only up to 0.4% lime addition. The potential aflatoxin exposure to children was substantially reduced. The study concluded that acceptable Likuni phala porridge with aflatoxin levels below the tolerance levels, and substantially reduced exposure in children can be prepared by cooking with alkali addition. Keywords : Aflatoxin, Supplemental maize porridge, Nixtamalization, acceptability, Under 5 children


The drilling fluid vibratory screen is one of essential units in the drilling. For the long -double electrical machinery self-synchronizing ellipse shaker adopted the long tube electric machine which depended on mainly import,the cost is high.In order to reduce the cost of double shaft self-synchronizing ellipse shaker, using short-tube electric machine made in China replace long tube electric machine. Based on the selfsynchronizing theory of double shaft translation elliptic vibrating screen and the centre of force theory of double shaft self-synchronizing ellipse shaker, the design of domestic short-double electric machine was improved to reduce the production cost.


The present study deals with the current labour law questions of balancing work and private life. The topicality of the study is supported by Directive (EU) 2019/1158 which, built on the existing legislative basis, brings several novelties in this regulative area refreshing the key elements of the criteria of equal employment referring to the employees raising children. The researched regulation fits into the high level, socially motivated; worker-protection Directive designated by the European Pillar of Social Rights, consequently, this aspect also plays a role in elaboration. In my analysis, I concentrate on the regulative background, subject of the new Directive, as well as its connection to fundamental social rights and the new norms describing the potentially strengthening legal protection of workers. I draw conclusions based on their synthesis about the predictable future effects of the new regulation.


Background and purpose:The expression of tumor control gene PTEN and proxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) play a very important significance in human breast cancer.PPARγ is a nucleus receptor transcription factor,can raise the expression of PTEN.The purpose of the study was to investigate the expression of PTEN and PPARγ in human breast cancer,and give a basic data for the characteristics of these two gene proteins in tumor cells and correlation between their expression and ER,PR,HER-2. Methods :The 66 HBC cases were collected randomly,streptavin peroxidse immunohistochemistry was used.The relationship between expression of PTEN and PPARγ and the clinical stage were analyzed,Pathology typing,metastasis rate of lymph node,the expression of HER-2,ER,PR were done. Results :The positive rate of expression PTEN and PPARγ in later stage of HBC were 68.2% and 63.6%.For PTEN,nuclear expression was 72.86% and normal expression was 27.14%.The normal expression of PPAR-γ was 87.3%.With the development of clinical stage the expression rate of PTEN and PPARγ were down(P 0.05).Correlation analyzing showed that there was no relationship between PTEN and PPARγ、ER、PR、HER-2(P 0.05),and the same between PPARγ and ER、PR、HER-2(P 0.05). Conclusions :With the development of the clinical stage,the positive rate of expression of PTEN and PPARγ are coming down.The cytoplasm expression of PTEN became nuclear expression.The nuclear membrane expression of PPARγ became cytoplasm expression.


The paper introduces the fix of the mixing ratio for the C60 concrete,points out the requirements on the raw materials,explores the forming of the concrete test and its protection and gives some relative suggestions for the C60 concrete mixing construction.


Based on TM images(path 127,row 036) acquired on August 1988,October 1998 and May,2003 respectively,six types of land use were classified using Maximum Likelihood Method with the support of Remote Sensing and GIS.Using the theory of landscape ecology analysis and Markov model,we made quantitative analysis of the quantity and spatial feature changes of land use in Xi'an region during the period of 1988 to 2003,and a series of ecology environmental effects. Land use change/cover in Xi'an region can be listed as follows: urban construction land,orchard and uncultivated land increased sharply,while water-body, arable land and forestland decreased apparently;arable land and water-body are more fragmentary and interspersed than ever before;the increase of the area of urban construction land was at the cost of encroaching a wealth of arable land. In general,the landscape features were retrieved using the software of Fragstats: the number of patches increased a lot and it was more than twice the number of what it was in 1988.The landscape become more and more fragmentized and the shape of the landscape become more complex.The predominance index decreased,too.The Shannon diversity index increased from 1.0789 to 1.2425,while the Shannon evenness index increased from 0.6021 to 0.6935.It indicates that the landscape is getting more and more diversified and balanced,but poor to withstand the interference.It also indicates that human activities might disturb the landscape more and more seriously. In order to make up the deficiency of traditional explanations on land use changes through use of land area change of its kind,we analyzed the land use change and its theoretical development in Xi'an region on the basis of Markov model.The results suggest that the trend that all the other land types translated into the construction land appears much more dominantly than any others in the studying region.In the meantime,the result also shows that the Xi'an city is in a fast developing stage of urbanization to a certain extent. Land use/land cover change is a complex system,which is affected by many comprehensive factors,including socio-economic and natural and environmental factors.Using the Markov model as a basic tool to predicate land use/land cover may not well indicate the real facts and it still needs other methodology to improve the model in order to make it more approach the fact.


In this paper we address the task of infrared and visible image registration in complex scenes. Due to the difference of infrared and visible images, it is neither easy to reliably find features nor suitable for directly training in deep learning architecture. Thus, we propose a two-stage adversarial network, which first conducts a multi-spectral image transfer to obtain a mapped image. And then the proposed network incorporate a transformer module into the conditional adversarial network architecture to get the refined warped image. Our method can back propagate the multi-spectral registration loss and achieve end-to-end training. Experiments on our multi -spectral dataset demonstrate that this approach is effective and robust, which outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.


Domain-specific languages aim to present software in the notations of domain experts and allow a straightforward mapping of application concepts to software solutions. In this paper, we present a domain-specific language for programming reactive control programs. The language differs from other approaches mainly by its hierarchical component approach, in which lower-level components provide elementary operations and upper components rely on the operations of their subordinates to implement higher control tasks. Moreover, the hierarchical component approach is leveraged in a hierarchical verification technique in which component implementations are verified against dynamic contracts of their subcomponents. We present the principles of the verification technique and discuss how it can be applied in a multi-stage development process.


We experimentally investigate dispersion from a heated line source placed in the central region of a turbulence mixing layer. Recently described by Veeravalli & Warhaft (1989) the mixing layer has no mean shear and consists of gradients in the velocity variance and scale; it is formed from a composite grid of constant solidity from which two distinct velocity scales are formed, one on either side of the stream. Mixing is effected by intermittent turbulent penetration and diffusion. The dispersion measurements were carried out in the convective regime where both plume flapping and fine-scale turbulent mixing play a role, the latter becoming more dominant as the plume evolves. The mean and variance temperature profiles are strongly skewed (with larger tails on the low turbulence side of the flow) in the earlier stages of the plume development. Here, in the convective range, the median and peak of the mean plume are deflected toward the large-scale region. As the flow evolves the profiles become more symmetrical but as the plume enters the turbulent diffusive stage there is evidence that the profiles again became asymmetric but now with longer tails in the high turbulence side of the flow (owing to the higher diffusivity). The temperature variance and heat flux budgets are highly asymmetric but tend to exhibit many of the characteristics of the budget of a line source in decaying homogeneous grid turbulence which is also presented here. However, a distinct region of negative production (counter-gradient heat flux) is found in the temperature variance budget and this is shown to be a consequence of the asymmetry of the transverse velocity probability density function in the mixing layer. Temperature spectra, both of the time series and of the intermittency function, across the plume are described. They are shown to peak at high wavenumbers in the centre and edge of the plume and at lower wavenumbers in the intermediate region. Their form is shown to change as the plume develops fine-scale structure and flapping becomes less important.


Abstract : This report describes a theoretical model for the radar scattering by a turbulent, re-entry induced ionized wake. The equations used, their derivations, and the fortran listing of the computer code are given and explained in detail. The output from a sample run of the program is given and explained. Comparisons are made between the results of this model and published data from laboratory experiments on microwave scattering from turbulent plasma. The results of some parametric calculations are given also. This theoretical model assumes that the Electrical properties of the wake plasma are known in terms of certain statistical and spatial distributions. The technique used by the model is a distorted wave born approximation in which the propagation in the background medium is calculated rigorously for a layered cylinder of mean wake plasma. The model provides predictions of the backscattering amplitude and the first and second moments of the doppler spectrum, both at each input wake axial station and as a function of apparent axial station in the backscattered pulse. Direct and cross polarized scattering are included for both linear and circular polarization radars.


Dried natto is a kind of soybean fermentation product treated by drying processing,it contains a variety of functional active components,and the research shows that it has significantly effects of antithrombus,lowering blood pressure,bacteriostasis,etc..Traditional natto products have been recognized at home and abroad,and its functionality has been attached importance,but because of the heavier ammonia smell,its popularization and promotion are limited,drying processing is a necessary craft process,the deep processing of dried natto needs to be studied further.Analyze and compare the influence of different drying methods on natto functional ingredients,the development and application status of natto are concluded,and the development orientation of natto deep-processed products is prospected.


The sensitivity of photographic plates to mass rays bears practically no relation whatever to their sensitivity to light. A short account is given of tests on the relative merits of different brands of plates since the first experiments on positive ray analysis. The process of improving the qualities of plates by schumannising is discusseci and details are given of the process found likely to give the best results. Success cannot be guaranteed even with the most careful manipulation, but if achieved yields plates of outstanding value for use in such methods of analysis as the mass-spectrograph.


Late Quaternary Glacial and Periglacial Environments, Snake Range, Nevada by John G. Van Hoesen Dr. Richard L. Orndorff, Examining Committee Chair Assistant Professor of Geology Eastern Washington University Limited research has been conducted on the paleoclimatic significance of glacial and periglacial features in the Great Basin. Glacial features in the range were first recognized and described by early explorers (Gilbert, 1875; Simpson; 1876 and Russell, 1884) and subsequent authors have continued to substantiate and elaborate on earlier reports (Heald, 1956; Kramer, 1962; Currey, 1969; Peigat, 1980; Osborn and Bevis, 2001). Since this early reconnaissance work, few studies have focused on the Late Quaternary evolution and paleoclimatic implications of glacial and periglacial landforms in the Great Basin (Wayne, 1983; Osborn, 1989; Bevis, 1995; and Osborn and Bevis, 2001). Wayne (1984) describes relict rock glaciers, sorted circles, debris islands, solifluction lobes and sorted stripes in the Ruby, Schell Creek, and Snake ranges. While Cuixey (1969) and Osborn and Bevis, (2001) discuss the distribution of rock glaciers in numerous ranges throughout the Great Basin, including the Snake Range, and the surrounding regions.


This study aims to describe the learning medium of economic education at senior High School in Banjarmasin with media based on local wisdom. This research uses qualitative method as developed by Miles & Huberman, starting from data collection, data reduction data display, and then made conclusion. Data were collected in the order of Basic Competence (KD) of Economics lesson, from Class X, XI, and XII. The data are grouped into media that are (a) audio, (b) visual, and (c) audio & visual. Respondents are economic teachers, MGMP Economics, the school, especially the principal in question. From this research, it is known that the use of learning media based on local wisdom in high school in Banjarmasin City has been done mostly using audio, visual or audio & visual media, in every Basic Competence (KD) of economic learning. Already there are inserted with the media based on local wisdom, but has not been explored to the fullest.


To overcome global situation problem tradition genetic algorithm has very strong robustness in finding the solution, but crossover probability and mutation probability is fixed and invariable, it caused premature convergence and running inefficient to the solution on complicated problem at later evolution process of tradition genetic algorithm. To this problem the paper proposed a new algorithm with varying population size based on lifetimes of the chromosomes to realize population size adjust adaptively and crossover probability adjust adaptively and mutation probability adjust adaptively, which called fuzzy genetic algorithm. Compare to tradition genetic algorithm, experiment results show that the approach proposed is effective in the capability of global optimization and significantly improves the convergence rate.


Graphene is a potential material to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine tin oxide (FTO) as a transparent conductive films (TCF) due to its high conductivity and transparency. In this study, fabrication of graphene-based TCF was carried out by means of the drop-casting method, with graphite oxide as the raw material. The graphene oxide (GO) was diluted by adding 1, 3, 5, and 7 ml of distilled (DI) water. The sample was also heat treated to ensure complete reduction process. The deposited films were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and I-V to investigate their optical and electrical properties. Based on the measurement results, sample with 3 ml DI water addition gives transparency and sheet resistance (Rs) of 41.01 % and 9.43 kΩ/sq, respectively. This material has a great potential to be applied as the optoelectronics material.


Simple Summary In southeastern USA, the most common method of preserving forages for the winter months is employing dry hay, but spring rains can make it difficult to dry high-moisture forages without there being large dry matter losses. Baleage is a high-moisture feed that is similar to silage that can offer more flexibility for forage producers. However, little is known about the forage quality of different cool-season annual forage mixtures when they are harvested and stored as baleage. A study was conducted to determine the nutritive value and ruminal digestion of cool-season annual mixtures that are ensiled as baleage with and without silage inoculants. Baleage was sampled at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, 60, and 120 d and it was analyzed for nutritive value and fermentation parameters. Wheat + brassica ensiled at the lowest pH, while the annual ryegrass + oats + crimson clover did not reach a pH that was below 5.0. The DM disappearance of all of the mixtures was greatest in the first 12 h. The effectiveness of the silage inoculant used was inconsistent across the forage treatments. There is no advantage from the use of silage inoculant in these cool-season annual mixtures; however, all of the mixtures had a sufficient nutritive value to meet the nutrition requirements of growing beef cattle. Abstract In southeastern USA, the use of baleage has increased as an alternative technology to hay production, thereby allowing for a timelier harvest of the conserved forage. A series of studies were conducted to determine the nutritive value, fermentation parameters, and in situ disappearance of the cool-season annual forage mixtures that were ensiled with or without silage inoculant for up to 120 d. The forage mixtures were wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) + brassica hybrid (Brassica rapa L. × napus L.) (WB), wheat + crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) (WC), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) + oat (Avena sativa L.) + crimson clover (ROC). The inoculant strategy affected the CP concentration (p < 0.05), with it increasing in WB and decreasing in ROC. Among the mixtures, the DM concentration decreased by up to 5%, and the NDF and ADF concentrations decreased by up to 10% during the ensiling period. The pH averaged 5.0, 5.0, and 5.5 for the WC, WB, and ROC mixtures, respectively. Based on our results, the baleage of the cool-season annual forage mixtures may provide a viable high-quality option to sustain animal growth and performance.


Pannaria hookeri (Borrer ex Sm.) Nyl. is reported as a bipolar cyanolichen that occurs in more than twenty countries in both Hemispheres. In the Northern Hemisphere, a minor variation is attributed to the species, whereas larger morphological and chemical variations have been reported in specimens from the Southern Hemisphere. Six P. hookeri DNA sequences are available in GenBank, and only one (from Australia) is associated with a published morphological description. In this study, we performed a preliminary phylogenetic analysis including seven nuITS and mtSSU sequences from eight specimens collected in south Argentina. In addition, we provide an update of the taxon circumscription based on 50 specimens from 13 countries. Here, the molecular analyses revealed a well-supported monophyletic group formed by the P. hookeri sequences from Argentina, Australia, Norway and USA (Alaska). Regarding the morphological and anatomical characteristics, the Southern Hemisphere specimens did not present the historical reported variations, resulting in the proposition of a concise species description that accomplishes most of P. hookeri known geographical distribution.


State-of-the-art atomic clocks are based on the precise detection of the energy difference between two atomic levels, measured as a quantum phase accumulated in a given time interval. Optical-lattice clocks (OLCs) now operate at or near the standard quantum limit (SQL) that arises from the quantum noise associated with discrete measurement outcomes. While performance beyond the SQL has been achieved in microwave clocks and other atomic sensors by engineering quantum correlations (entanglement) between the atoms, the generation of entanglement on an optical-clock transition and operation of such a clock beyond the SQL represent major goals in quantum metrology that have never been demonstrated. Here we report creation of a many-atom entangled state on an optical transition, and demonstrate an OLC with an Allan deviation below the SQL. We report a metrological gain of $4.4^{+0.6}_{-0.4}$ dB over the SQL using an ensemble consisting of a few hundred 171Yb atoms, allowing us to reach a given stability $2.8{\pm}0.3$ times faster than the same clock operated at the SQL. Our results should be readily applicable to other systems, thus enabling further advances in timekeeping precision and accuracy. Entanglement-enhanced OLCs will have many scientific and technological applications, including precision tests of the fundamental laws of physics, geodesy, or gravitational wave detection.


Nanostructured titania dioxide and composite anti-bacteria powder loaded with silicon dioxide, sliver, copper and zinc are prepared by Sol-gel process from tetrabutyl titanate as raw materials.The ultimate result is characterized in terms of EDS, TEM and UV techniques.The result shows that attached silicon dioxide can reduce the product size obviously,and improve the character of surface.The powder loaded with silver and other metal ion shows great anti-bacteria performance,and this method makes the nanometer TiO_2 not only response more broader in ultraviolet area but also absorb invisible light.


Afifuddin Muhajir's background concerning the Ideal State cannot be separated from the strengthening of the demands of some Indonesian Muslims who are members of the 212 movements to uphold NKRI Bersyariah. Starting from their success in tackling the political career of Basuki Cahaya Purnama (Ahok) in the 2017 DKI Pilkada. This movement strengthened in the 2019 Presidential election. They supported the Prabowo subianto-Sandiaga Uno pair who were considered more Islamic and capable of realizing their political ideals. Afifuddin Muhajir considered the Political Identity movement in the name of religion to be a very dilemma in Indonesian society which is multi-ethnic, ethnic, cultural, and religious. Politics as a product of Jurisprudence and Muamalah has space for ijtihad and has becomes a common consensus to build the life of the nation and state. This research is a Research Library, that examines Afifuddin Muhajir in his speech conferring the Honorary Doctorate at the Walisongo Islamic State University, Semarang, Central Java. This study focuses on the concept of the Ideal State according to Afifuddin Muhajir with sub-discussions, namely: Political Islam, Pancasila, NKRI, and the State Constitution. This discussion sub-section will answer the concept of an ideal state according to Afifuddin Muhajir from the point of view of Jurisprudence and Ushul Fiqh who are experts in their expertise. This research is certainly interested in answering extremist Islamic groups who want a state form at the level of sharia or Islamic law.


Adhesive bend and shear tests of micro-sized bonded component have been performed to clarify the relationship between effects of heat-treatment on the adhesive strength and the bonded specimen shape using Weibull analysis. Multiple micro-sized SU-8 columns with four different diameters were fabricated on a Si substrate under the same fabrication condition. Heat-treatment can improve both of the adhesive bend and shear strength. The improvement rate of the adhesive shear strength is much larger than that of the adhesive bend strength, because the residual stress, which must change by heat-treatment, should effect more strongly on the shear loading. In case of bend type test, the adhesive bend strength in the smaller diameters (50 and 75 ㎛) widely vary, because the critical size of the natural defect (micro-crack) should vary more widely in the smaller diameters. In contrast, in case of shear type test, the adhesive shear strengths in each diameter of the columns little vary. This suggests that the size of the natural defects may not strongly influence on the adhesive shear strength. All the result suggests that both of the adhesive bend and shear strengths should be complicatedly affected by heat-treatment and the bonded columnar diameter.


A pair of general primer(ITS1-ITS4)was used to test in the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region of the chromosomal DNA of fruit body of Tricholoma matsutake of Lijiang and its isolates.The results analyzed by Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the primers of ITS1 and ITS4 amplified about 700bp fragments for all samples.The ITS fragments of T.matsutake fruit body and its corresponding isolates were sequenced and aligned.Their sequences of SR176H and SR176B showed a 100% homogeneity,the same result also appeared between SR172H and SR172B.Based on these facts,SR176H and SR172H were confirmed to be pure cultures of T.matsutake.


Technological innovations are enabling machines to further replace human labor. In this context, we estimate – based on the Frey and Osborne (2017) study, which uses data from the United States of America (USA) – how many Brazilian jobs may be eliminated in one or two decades due to currently existing technologies. Our results indicate that 58.1% of Brazilian jobs may disappear in the next 10 to 20 years due to automation.


The bursting strength, abrasion and pilling resistances of the single jersey and 1x1rib knitted fabrics are studied. The study was done as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D3786-01, D4966-98 and D4970) under controlled condition as per ASTM D1776- Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing. Three different twist levels such as 900turns/m, 1050turns/m and 1200turns/m with respective twist multipliers for each level such as 3.6, 4.2 and 4.8 are used in this study. 100% cotton fiber imported from India is used to produce carded ring spun yarn. In this study except twist multipliers (TM) the other yarn properties and knitting variables are controlled constantly as shown in the methodology of this research. The knitted fabrics such as single jersey produced from 900turns/m, 1050/m and 1200turns/m are named Sj1, Sj2 and Sj3 and rib1x1 produced from 900turns/m, 1050turns/m and 1200turns/m are named R1, R2 and R3 respectively.


China has a vast territory, and the energy and load are reversely distributed, which determines that HVDC transmission technology has broad application prospects. At present, the number of HVDC transmission projects under construction and planning has gradually become comparable to AC transmission projects. The DC projects already in operation account for more than 20% of the world's DC transmission capacity. China has become a DC power transmission country. In the "West-to-East Power Transmission" project, the main purpose is to transmit electricity, and HVDC transmission plays an important role in China's large-grid interconnection and long-distance transmission because of its large transmission capacity and mature technology. According to national planning, by 2020, China will build more than 20 HVDC transmission lines, with long DC transmission lines and high failure rates. The performance of relay protection technology is related to the safety of DC transmission systems and the speed of fault recovery. Therefore, how to improve the operation of DC lines Security and reliability have become an urgent problem to be solved.China has a vast territory, and the energy and load are reversely distributed, which determines that HVDC transmission technology has broad application prospects. At present, the number of HVDC transmission projects under construction and planning has gradually become comparable to AC transmission projects. The DC projects already in operation account for more than 20% of the world's DC transmission capacity. China has become a DC power transmission country. In the "West-to-East Power Transmission" project, the main purpose is to transmit electricity, and HVDC transmission plays an important role in China's large-grid interconnection and long-distance transmission because of its large transmission capacity and mature technology. According to national planning, by 2020, China will build more than 20 HVDC transmission lines, with long DC transmission lines and high failure rates. The performance of relay protection technology is related to the safety of DC transmission systems and the speed of fault recover...


The SAMMY code system is mainly used in nuclear data evaluations for incident neutrons in the resolved resonance region (RRR), however, built-in capabilities also allow the code to describe the resonance structure produced by other incident particles, including charged particles. (α,n) data provide fundamental information that underpins nuclear modeling and simulation software, such as ORIGEN and SOURCES4C, used for the analysis of neutron emission and definition of source emission processes. The goal of this work is to carry out evaluations of charged-particle-induced reaction cross sections in the RRR. The SAMMY code was recently used in this regard to generate a Reich-Moore parameterization of the available 17,18 O(α,n) experimental cross sections in order to estimate the uncertainty in the neutron generation rates for uranium oxide fuel types. This paper provides a brief description of the SAMMY evaluation procedure for the treatment of 17,18 O(α,n) reaction cross sections. The results are used to generate neutron source rates for a plutonium oxide matrix.


The lower computer,with PLC powerful features is widely used in the field of control in distributed control system,the upper computer,with MCGS configuration software platform,shows the status of the crew of real-time monitoring purposes.This paper takes the liquid mixture specific control system design process for example and further details the configuration software MCGS in the PLC control system and its specific application in the design process.Finally,experimental results show that the programme has effectiveness and accuracy,and good practical value.


The method of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) synthesis in a melt mixture of choline chloride and diethylene glycol at 230 oC is proposed. Powders with lamellar morphology consisting of LiFePO 4 crystals (size ~30 nm) with olivine structure were synthesized. The size of crystals increased to ~60 nm during the annealing process carried out to obtain a carbon coating on the grain surface of LiFePO 4 . The charge-discharge curves of the electrode prepared from these powders have a horizontal portion at the potential of 3.4 and 3.5 V, corresponding to the intercalation/deintercalation of lithium in the structure of olivine. The specific discharge capacity of the LiFePO 4 /C is 133 mA h g -1 for a discharge current of 0.1 C. Dependence of the anodic (cathodic) voltammetric current peaks, I p , on the potential scan rate indicates the diffusion nature of the lithiating step of the electrode process. For the anodic and cathodic processes the averaged diffusion coefficient values are 1.3∙10 -1 0 cm 2 s -1 and 1.5∙10 -1 0 cm 2 s -1 ,respectively.


The objective of this study was to identify the risk factor and protection factor related to suicide ideation in each life course based on an ecological-system perspective. A questionnaire was carried out for 393 adolescents, 473 adults and 376 aged men living nationwide. The results are as follows....


The mathematical models of power system elements in MATLAB SimPowerSystems and ETAP PowerStation are compared and analyzed,and MATLAB and ETAP are used to calculate the power flow,short circuit and transient stability of a single-machine infinite-bus system.The calculation results obtained from the two power system analysis programs are close to each other.A brief comment is given on MATLAB and ETAP,as a reference for choosing simulation software.


Differential Equations Thursday, September 24, 2015, 4:00pm-5:00pm 4088 East Hall Zhiwu Lin (Georgia Tech) Instability index, exponential trichotomy and invariant manifolds for Hamiltonian PDEs Consider a general linear Hamiltonian system u_t = JLu in a Hilbert space X, called the energy space. We assume that L induces a bounded and symmetric bi-linear form <L.,.> on X, and the energy functional <Lu,u> has only finitely many negative dimensions n(L). There is no restriction on the anti-selfadjoint operator J, which can be unbounded and even with an infinite dimensional kernel space. Our first result is an index theorem on the linear instability of the evolution group e^tJL. More specifically, we get some relationship between n(L) and the dimensions of generalized eigenspaces of eigenvalues of JL, some of which may be embedded in the continuous spectrum. Our second result is the linear exponential trichotomy of the evolution group e^tJL. In particular, we prove the nonexistence of exponential growth in the finite co-dimensional center subspace and the optimal bounds on the algebraic growth rate there. This is applied to construct the local invariant manifolds for nonlinear Hamiltonian PDEs near the orbit of a coherent state (standing wave, steady state, traveling waves etc.). For some cases, we can prove orbital stability and local uniqueness of center manifolds. We will discuss applications to examples including dispersive long wave models such as BBM and Boussinesq equations, 2D Euler equation for ideal fluids, Vlasov-Maxwell systems for collisionless plasmas etc. This is a joint work with Chongchun Zeng. http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/seminars_events/ Page 3/9 Seminar & Events Bulletin: Differential Equations 07-01-2015 to 06-30-2016 Differential Equations Thursday, October 01, 2015, 4:00pm-5:00pm 4088 East Hall Jing-Rebecca Li (INRIA Saclay/Ecole Polytechnique) Numerical Simulation and Macroscopic Model Formulation for Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Brain Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is an imaging modality that gives a measure of water diffusion in biological tissue. As water diffusion is strongly affected by the cellular environment, dMRI has become a widely used research and clinical tool for detecting and quantifying physiological and pathological conditions in-vivo, in particular in the brain. In-vivo brain dMRI measures water diffusion (Brownian motion) during a diffusion time that is usually limited to between 10-40ms, and the dMRI signal is the average water proton magnetization over a voxel that is on the order of 8mm^3. Inside the voxel, there are many neurons, glial cells, and the extra-cellular space. Neurons have a solid cell body with attached axons and branching dendrites, while the extra-cellular space is very thin and geometrically complex. In addition, the cells are permeable to water, so water can move between the cells and the extra-cellular space. Due to such complex structure, the inverse problem of obtaining geometrical information on the brain tissue from the dMRI signal is a challenging and unsolved problem. I will discuss two aspects of the modeling and simulation problem for brain dMRI. The first is the direct simulation of the dMRI signal from a prescribed cellular-level geometrical configuration defined in a voxel. The second is the formulation of macroscopic (voxel-level) models of the dMRI signal for the purpose of inverting for model parameters from the experimental signal. I will review the main existing approaches and describe current progress as well as future challenges. In particular, for direct simulation I will cover 1) the random walkers/Monte Carlo approach, and 2) the numerical solution of Bloch-Torrey partial differential equation (PDE). For the macroscopic modeling I will describe 1) the more heuristic approach that models cell components of the brain tissue by cylinders and spheres, and 2) the more mathematical approach that applies homogenization techniques to the Bloch-Torrey PDE. http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/seminars_events/ Page 4/9 Seminar & Events Bulletin: Differential Equations 07-01-2015 to 06-30-2016 Differential Equations Thursday, October 08, 2015, 4:00pm-5:00pm 4088 East Hall Greg Galloway (University of Miami) On the geometry and topology of initial data sets in General Relativity An initial data set in spacetime (M,g) consists of a spacelike hypersurface V, together with its induced (Riemannian) metric h and second fundamental form K. A solution to the Einstein equations for physically relevant sources influences the geometry of V via the Gauss-Codazzi equations. In this talk we present some results concerning the geometry and topology of asymptotocally flat initial data sets in spacetime. In particular, we will consider the topology of black holes in higher dimensional gravity, inspired by certain developments in string theory and issues related to black hole uniqueness. We will also discuss recent work on the geometry and topology of the region of space exterior to all black holes, which is closely connected to the notion of topological censorship. The results to be discussed rely on the recently developed theory of marginally outer trapped surfaces, which are natural spacetime analogues of minimal surfaces in Riemannian geometry. This talk is based on works with a number of collaborators: Lars Andersson, Mattias Dahl, Michael Eichmair, Dan Pollack and Rick Schoen. Differential Equations Thursday, October 15, 2015, 4:00pm-5:00pm 4088 East Hall Shuang Miao (Umich) On the motion of the free boundary of a self-gravitating incompressible fluid The motion of the free boundary of an incompressible fluid body subject to its self gravitational force can be described by a free boundary problem of the Euler-Poisson system. This problem differs from the water wave problem in that the constant gravity in water waves is replaced by the nonlinear self-gravity. In this talk, we present some recent results on the well-posedness of this problem and give a lower bound on the lifespan of smooth solutions. In particular, we show that the Taylor sign condition always holds; we prove that for smooth data of size $\epsilon$, a unique solution exists and remains smooth for time greater than or equal to $O(1/{\epsilon^2})$. This is achieved by constructing an appropriate quantity and a coordinate change, so that the new quantity in the new coordinate system satisfies an equation without quadratic nonlinearity. This is a joint work with L.Bieri, S.Shahshahani, and S.Wu. http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/seminars_events/ Page 5/9 Seminar & Events Bulletin: Differential Equations 07-01-2015 to 06-30-2016 Differential Equations Thursday, October 29, 2015, 4:00pm-5:00pm 4088 East Hall Chunjing Xie (Shanghai Jiaotong Univ./CMSA, Harvard) Steady Euler flows past a wall or through a nozzle In this talk, we discuss the well-posedness theory for the steady Euler flows past a wall or through a nozzle. The steady Euler system is reduced to a single second order equation when the streamline of the flows have simple topological structure. Our focus is on the subsonic flows with large vorticity. Differential Equations Thursday, November 05, 2015, 4:00pm-5:00pm 4088 East Hall Zaher Hani (Georgia Tech/MSRI) Out-of-equilibrium dynamics and statistics of dispersive waves. Out-of-equilibrium behavior is the characteristic feature of the long-time dynamics of nonlinear dispersive equations on compact domain. This means that solutions typically do not exhibit any form of long-time stability near equilibrium solutions or configurations. We shall survey several aspects of this behavior both from a dynamical systems and statistical mechanics point of view. Differential Equations Thursday, November 12, 2015, 4:00pm-5:00pm 4088 East Hall Sijue Wu (Umich) On two-dimensional gravity water waves with angled crests We consider the two-dimensional water wave problem in the case where the free interface of the fluid meets a vertical wall at a possibly non-right angle; our problem also covers interfaces with angled crests. We assume that the fluid is inviscid, incompressible, and irrotational, with no surface tension and with air density zero. We construct a low-regularity energy and prove a closed energy estimate for this problem, and we show that the two-dimensional water wave problem is solvable locally in time in this framework. Our work differs from earlier work in that, in our case, only a degenerate Taylor stability criterion holds, with $-\frac{\partial P}{\partial \bold{n}} \ge 0$, instead of the strong Taylor stability criterion $-\frac{\partial P}{\partial \bold{n}} \ge c > 0$. This work is partially joint with Rafe Kinsey. http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/seminars_events/ Page 6/9 Seminar & Events Bulletin: Differential Equations 07-01-2015 to 06-30-2016 Differential Equations Thursday, November 19, 2015, 4:00pm-5:00pm 4088 East Hall Zhouping Xin (Chinese University, Hongkong/CMSA, Harvard) Entropies and Uniqueness of Weak Solutions to Multi-Dimensional Compressible Euler Systems For the ideal compressible Euler systems, which are fundamental in compressible fluid-dynamics and pro-type examples of nonlinear hyperbolic systems, one of the main features is that the characteristic speeds of a wave propagation depend on the wave itself which leads to the finite-time formation of shocks in general. Thus one has to work with weak solutions globally. Yet the uniqueness of the "physical" solutions becomes a challenging issue. In the one-dimensinal case, various admissible criterion have been introduced to rule out the non-physical solutions. In particular, the physical entropy can guarantee the uniqueness of weak solutions at least in the case of small variations. However, in higher space dimensions, for some given initial data, there are infinitely many highly oscillatory solutions (wild solutions) which are bounded, measurable and satisfying the physical entropy condition. In t


Ventilator according to the present invention provides a mounting bracket combination of a first bracket, a second bracket and bracket parts, said first U-shaped bracket disposed groove, a first end of the support leg folded in an L-shape; said the second bracket is provided a U-shaped groove provided at one end of the second support leg folded in an L-shaped, with grooves on both sides of the root portion of the second support leg; the second bracket fitted in the first bracket and adjusting the length of the stent can be slid in the U-shaped channel in combination of the first U-shaped bracket trench; said bracket member having a C-shaped groove; a first bracket fitted in the said C-shaped grooves, and slidable in said C-shaped groove; by C-shaped bracket member with a first groove engaging with the bracket, the first bracket together with a second bracket fixed to the ventilation fans on the body. Advantage of the invention is that the high stability, easy to operate, easy to install and can be installed to meet the needs of the user.


Associations between anthropometric, body composition, and dietary intake and measures of bone mineral density (BMD) in young-adult females were explored. Positive associations were found between body weight and TB (p < .05), lumbar spine (LS) (L2-L4, p < .01), and total proximal femur (TPF) BMD (p < .0001); body mass index and LS (p < .05), TPF (p < .0001), and total forearm BMD (p < .01); FFST mass and TB (p < .001), LS (p < .01), and TPF BMD (p <.0001), and fat mass and LS (p < .05) and TPF BMD (p < .01). LS BMD had negative associations with protein, magnesium, and iron intake (all p < .05). Average vitamin D intake had a positive association with ultradistal forearm BMD (p < .01). Findings support the positive influence of body weight and soft-tissue mass on BMD in young adult females.


Since the 1990s, public policy-makers in the US have renewed support for mixed-income housing development as a means towards inner-city neighbourhood revitalisation and poverty amelioration. Yet, research to date finds that, while these mixed-income developments have promoted neighbourhood revitalisation, they have accomplished less for people in these areas who live in poverty. This paper theorises about the conditions that may in principle lead to these alternative outcomes. The approach emphasises the continuity in goal sets and capacities among four sets of urban actors—investors, local government, non-profits and community residents. To examine extant theory and an alternative model, case study evidence is offered from two comparable cities with different mixed-income initiatives and different configurations of goals and capacities among the four stakeholder groups. It is found that place-based outcomes (i.e. neighbourhood revitalisation) from mixed-income efforts hinge on the continuity of goals and effective capacities of investors, government and non-profits, but not community residents. It is also found that, with or without goal consonance and capacity, existing residents are relatively underserved by mixed-income initiatives while other stakeholders realise a variety of benefits.


There is a growing consensus on the Locator/Identifier separation scheme to address the scalability of the Internet. Its feasibility depends largely upon the performance of the Locator/Identifier mapping system. This paper presents a special study of the characteristics of the realistic campus network traffic and analyses its impacts on the the mapping scheme in Locator/Identifier separation networks. The basis of our study is a 24-hour trace over 13,233 IPv4 addresses, accounting for about 1/3 of the total IPv4 address space of our campus. From the view of the campus network egress, we give out the statistical charateristics of the trace data, for example, the space distribution of the traffic, the average of coresspoding nodes for per local node, the distribution of the packet arrival intervals accoding to their source and destination addresses, respectively. All the analysis results are of great significance to the design and deployment of the the mapping scheme.


on primary process thinking, it was believed by many mental health professionals that psychoses were not appropriately treated by psychotherapeutic means. Some 25 years ago, especially after World War II, the therapy of the psychoses began to include group psychotherapy as a specific modality (Frank, 1952; Klapman, 1951 ). With the later advent of psychotropic drugs, this trend increased, and more and more severely disorganized persons


publication 10 Jan. 2001. This research was supported by the Florida Agricultural Expt. Station, and approved for publication as Journal Series R-07963. We thank Nancy West and Gail Bowman for their excellent technical support. The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulations, this paper therefore must be hereby marked advertisement solely to indicate this fact. HORTSCIENCE 36(5):988–989. 2001.


The role of volunteers within Australian organisations is undergoing significant change. The 'professional volunteer' has changed the nature and responsibilities of volunteers, creating new opportunities for programs to expand into previously unexplored territories. The Cancer Council NSW has experienced a dramatic shift in the culture of the organisation through its development and appreciation of complex volunteer roles. This paper describes the development and management of the Call Back Service, a volunteer-based initiative of the Cancer Council NSW. This service is an example of how professional volunteers can be integrated into a team of health-care professionals in a non-profit setting to enhance existing cancer support services. The Call Back Service is now an integral part of service delivery within the Cancer Council NSW. The volunteers in the Call Back Squad are a dynamic part of the eclectic team who deliver these support services.


The neuroendocrine tumors most commonly originate in the lung, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. They can be graded into a three-tiered system depending on their proliferation index. These tumors frequently metastasize to the regional lymph nodes. Neuroendocrine tumors of the brain are very rare. Most of them are metastatic and a handful of cases are primary. Hereby, we present a case of brain neuroendocrine carcinoma, which was solitary with no evidence of the primary tumor in the body at the time of neurosurgery. However, treating physicians vigilantly kept him on regular follow-up and investigated further. The patient was diagnosed to have a lesion in the lung 3 months after surgery. Thus, it was considered primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the brain; however, regular follow-up and further positron emission tomography scan showed a small mass in the lung and adrenal gland. Based on this, a final diagnosis of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma of the brain was made.


Rehabilitation professionals may unknowingly rely on stereotypes and specious beliefs when dealing with people with disabilities. One such belief is that an individual's adjustment to disability proceeds through well-defined stages or phases. Literally hundreds of publications based primarily on clinical observations promote various stage or phase theories of psychosocial adjustment to chronic illness and disability despite contradictory empirical findings. Developments in mathematics, physics, biology, economics, and psychology over the last four decades, however, have led to the formulation of theories that suggest new models of the adjustment process. Specifically, we believe Catastrophe, Chaos, and Complexity Theories hold considerable promise in this regard, and yet these theories have received relatively little attention in the rehabilitation research literature. The purpose of this article is to review these theories and suggest applications in adjustment to chronic illness and disability.


In recent years, in the region around the cities of Beijing and Tianjin, work of seismic deep sounding has been carried out. The purpose is principally for studying the structure of the crust and upper mantle which involves the earthquake source regions of this seismically active portion of the North China Plain. By observing wide angle reflected waves, the reflection PM from the Mohorovicic Discontinuity and PM from the intermediate layer within the crust are recorded. Eefracted waves from the Mohorovicic Discontinuity have been observed. Assuming a horizontally homogeneous layered structural model, computations of the velocity structure by the damped least square method of inversion were done. Eesults show that apparently, in this entire region velocity varies with depth, as a layered earth. On the other hand, horizontal inhomogenuity actually exists.


At the end of XX century philosophy in Russia was dealt a serious blow, largely abandoning the scientific theory of Marxism. Gradually losing structure and meaning embodied in the search for truth and comprehensive picture of the world, Russian philosophy is rapidly transforming into a way of life for a small group of philosophizing individuals whereas standalone ruminations and reflections, vaguely reminiscent of the scientific inquiry, are increasingly fragmented. A considerable part of Russian philosophers, left without scientific foundation and methodology, have habitually turned their gaze to the West, itself in a long and increasingly hopeless battle against similar chronic problems. It seems likely that the main reason for the widespread methodological clouding of philosophical consciousness lies in the escalating disconnection between the humanities and modern natural sciences. Left unattended this rift threatens to deem philosophy and other humanities less and less relevant. However, there are many internal resources in the humanities, including philosophy to state and strengthen their scientific foundation. The author searches for them in connection with theology, dogmatics, discoursogy and activizm.


The invention discloses a Physalis pubescens and Chinese wolfberry can and belongs to a canned fruit food in daily life. The Physalis pubescens and Chinese wolfberry can is manufactured by matching Physalis pubescens (commonly called foreign girl) and Chinese wolfberry. The traditional canned fruit production process comprises the following steps of: cleaning, preboiling, rinsing, canning, adding syrup, sterilizing, vacuumizing, cooling and warehousing. The can is characterized in that: the Physalis pubescens is rich in vitamin C, and the Chinese wolfberry has sweet taste and neutral nature and has the effects of tonifying kidney, nourishing yin, nourishing liver, improving eyesight, tonifying qi and the like. The can is applicable to diseases such as emission with renal asthenia, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, dizziness, dim eyes and the like. The modern scientific research proves the statement, and believes that the Chinese wolfberry can reduce cholesterol, excite cranial nerves, strengthen the immunologic function, prevent and treat cancer and resist senility, has a beautifying effect and achieves the effect of extremely benefiting the human health. Fruits of the Physalis pubescens are golden yellow and the Chinese wolfberry is fresh red in appearance, and the yellow and red collocation is very elegant. The Physalis pubescens and Chinese wolfberry can has good using and popularization values.


By JOHN H. MORGAN, M.A.OXON., F.R.C.S., Surgeon to Charing Cross Hospital and to the Hospital for Sick Children. GENTLEMEN,-It has been very wisely ordered that the presidents of Sections at this meeting shall refrain from giving introductory addresses, as has been the custom at some former meetings. But whilst this ordinance relieves me of what would have been a very difficult task, and allows you to spend the time which you might have been kind enough to devote to listening to an address on some subject connected with the diseases of children in the far more profitable occupation of taking part in the interesting series of discussions which have been selected for this Section, yet I cannot refrain from alluding to the work that has been done in this department in former years. The first time that the diseases of children were considered to deserve a Section to themselves was in 1883, when it was presided over by Dr. Gee, and discussions were held upon summer diarrhcea, upon epiphysial necrosis and its consequences, and upon rheumatism and its allies in childhood. For the following five years there was no meeting of this Section, but in 1888, at Glasgow, Dr. Cheadle presided over discussions upon diphtheria and rickets. Again there was an interval of two years, but since 1890 this branch of study has regularly found a Section devoted to it at each annual meeting, and the subjects of empyema, infant feeding, the treatment of severe clubfoot, acute croupous pneumonia, whooping-cough, the tuberculous diseases of joints, abdominal tuberculosis, the treatment of enlarged cervical glands, and heart disease in children have all been considered, many of them in their surgical as well as their medical aspects. No one can read the reports of these discussions and the papers on which they were founded without feeling that our knowledge of each and all of the subjects has been greatly added to by the comparison of the various teachings and views which are to be found in the different schools of this empire, and my only object in giving this short retr-ospect is to show you that although many subjects have already been considered and elucidated, yet that there still remain many problems and phases of the diseases peculiar to children upon which more light must needs be thrown before they can be adequately dealt with or understood, and to ask you by your efforts on the present occasion to assist me in my earnest endeavour to make the meeting of this Section memorable in the annals of the British. Medical Association, and so to establish its value and utility that the, Section over which I have the honour to preside on this occasion may never again be absent from the programme of the meetings of the Association, and may not cease to contribute in the future, as it has done in the past, to the acquirement and concentration of knowledge on the many difficult and intricate problems which are every day brought before those who study the diseases of the young.


An electrocardiogram (ECG) plays an important role in the diagnosis process and providing information regarding heart diseases, monitoring ECG signal has high clinical significance. Out of 125 babies, 1 baby born with some form of congenital heart defect every year. So analysis and synthesis of fetal electrocardiograms (FECG) for disease detection is very important. The FECG is always contaminated by mother's ECG (MECG) so, extracting the clean FECG signal is very necessary for fetal health monitoring. In this study, FastICA algorithm with kurtosis and Negentropy as a measures of non-Gaussianity is discussed. Further the algorithm is proposed based on FastICA with maternal R-peak suppression approach which gives 90.35% extraction of fetal R-peaks when validated by directly taken scalp fetal ECG. The performance of proposed algorithm is evaluated on abdominal and direct fetal ECG database from PhysioNet site.


It is a common practice in rheological modeling to take the extrapolated compressive flow strengths of quartzite and plagioclase rock as the bulk flow strengths of the upper and lower continental crusts, respectively. Such a practice implies that the bulk flow strength of polyphase rocks is identical to that of the pure weak phase. To test this assumption, we performed deformation experiments on synthetic layered and particulate quartz-anorthite (50∶50) composites and aggregates of the end-members in a Paterson gas-medium apparatus at a confining pressure of 300 MPa, a constant strain rate of 10−5 s−1 and temperatures from 1273 to 1473 K. Under these conditions, anorthite deforms by recrystallization-accommodated dislocation creep, while quartz is semibrittle. Electron backscatter diffraction measurements show a strong lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of anorthite developed in deformed specimens, and the LPO pattern is interpreted as a result of dislocation slip on the (010)[100] system. Our experimental results show that the bulk flow strength of layered composites increases with decreasing thickness of the layers. Thinlayered composites are significantly stronger than pure anorthite aggregates and a homogeneous quartz-anorthite mixture (i.e., particulate composites) with the same modal composition but weaker than pure quartz aggregates. Our experimental results together with the theoretical overview presented previously in the materials science literature demonstrate that (1) compressive flow strength of a polyphase rock cannot be represented by that of the weak phase and (2) thin-layered rocks compressed normal to the layering are rheologically stronger than homogeneous, isotropic mixtures under the same deformation conditions. Thus weak-phase-based rheology will lead to an underestimation of the bulk flow strength of the continental crust in which polyphase rocks dominate.


Color is an integral component of architecture. It is an expressive element which deals with lighting distribution and many other aspects. It has a preponderant role in defining and personalizing the character of space and its ambiances. In this study, we will focus on women in labor and how users perceive colors in such specific spaces through the sensitive experience carried out in birth institutions, how color can be integrated in the birth space, how it takes part of a special event, and how it modifies women perception. Our research is at the crossroads of several disciplines. It focuses on analysis of stress levels for women in labor in different obstetric spaces, using Electrodermal Activity (EDA) tracking that evaluates the arousal via skin conductance measurements. This quantitative study will be correlated to a qualitative one which is based on a descriptive approach that consists in the analysis of the role of color in birth ambiances by using photos of different birth spaces and information collected in different surveys. Thus, the goal of this paper is to identify ways of choosing colors in the obstetric space and search for appropriate ambiances to improve a well-being experience of giving birth without stress and anxiety.


The goal of this paper is to give a survey for the theory of quasicomformal mappings from one dimensional case to infinite dimensional case,including its concepts,general characters,special properties,various applications and some results.


Acupuncture has been in clinical practice in China for thousands of years and its analgesia effect is worldwide accepted. However, the mechanism of acupuncture effect is not well understood. The study focus on signaling pathways induced by acupuncture, analyzes the cooperative action of the acupoints' structure and the associated chemical mediators during acupuncture, establishes a mathematical model clarifying the roadmap of electroneurographic signal startup and transmission mechanism induced by acupuncture, quantitatively analyzing the response in acupoints to acupuncture. These work contribute to reveal the activation and transmission mechanism of neural signals induced by acupuncture from systems biology perspective, lay the foundation for the integration of acupuncture theory and modern science and further guide the clinical treatment and experimental research of acupuncture.


Dependence of the GH shifts on the grating period and grating depth is investigated for different incident beam widths. High sensitivity of the GH shift on the incident angle of a light beam near the SPR is demonstrated.


It is shown that when Ni-film transducers are used to generate transverse microwave phonons in an acoustically birefringent medium, extra echoes appear in the pulse-echo pattern which arise from ultrasonic mode conversion on reflection from the Ni-film-sample interface. This mode conversion is caused by changes in the effective acoustic impedance of the Ni-film close to ferromagnetic resonance. When the medium is not acoustically birefringent, minute errors inevitably introduced in the sample preparation can cause strong phase cancellation effects in the pulse-echo pattern.


The invention provides a billing method and device based on network convergence, and relates to the technical field of communication. The billing method and device based on network convergence solve the problem that the process that different devices are used for billing executed services belonging to different networks respectively after network convergence is complex. The billing method specifically comprises the following steps: a wireless network controller receives a network access request; network access identification information of a terminal to be connected is configured according to a network access technology; the network access identification information is sent to a core network device so that the core network device can conduct billing on the terminal to be connected according to the network access identification information and corresponding billing rules, and then the core network device stores all the billing rules corresponding to the network access identification information; a corresponding communication channel used for transmitting data of the terminal to be transmitted is established between the wireless network controller and the core network device according to the network access technology. The billing method and device can be applied to billing based on network convergence.


Intercalation compounds are an opened-pore structure class where atomic specimens or molecules could be retained in a reversible manner without loss of structural integrity [1], such as conventional zeolitic systems, mesoporous structures as MCM-41, layered structures as aluminosilicates (cationic clays) and many others. Considering all the host structures and the possible guest specimens that could be matched, the intercalation chemistry offers a really versatile pathway in terms of strategy for synthesis when obtaining well-organized nanoscale structures is desirable [2]. The currently expansion of this field of research is mainly due to the changes made over electronic, magnetic, thermal, catalytical and chemical properties when nanoscale interaction between host and guest is achieved. Simple organic molecules or polymers can be intercalated between the inorganic host layers. Over the last years the development of new materials, especially biodegradablebased nanocomposite, has been increased due to environmental concerns arise from nonbiodegradable petroleum-based plastics [3]. On this route, this work proposes the combination of starch obtained from Manihot esculenta (Cassava) and Laponite RD, synthetic cationic clay, in order to improve the biopolymer properties. Cassava starch is mainly constituted of two kinds of polysaccharides, amylose and amylopectin. The first one is a linear macromolecule formed by D-glucose units, while the second one is a branched macromolecule constituted also by D-glucose units [4]. Laponite clay belongs to the group of smectites, trioctahedral group with formula Na0.7[Mg5.5Li1.4Si8O20(OH)4]. This clay is well-known by its great capacity of swelling and exfoliation. It has a low layer charge density and the ionic interactions between sodium ions and the clay platelets are not strong enough to hold a stacking structure in the presence of water. The prepared starchclay nanocomposites in the film form were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal analysis (TGA-MS), vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).


Over the past two decades Asialink has helped to plunge 450 Australian artists into the proverbial deep end of arts practice, the overseas residency. Out of their comfort zones, far from friends and familiar comforts, these artists have dared to test their artwork and themselves in new cultural contexts. Some have found their work methods adaptable to new environments; others have had their practices extended beyond initial expectations. Almost without exception though, the experience of living and working in another country has continued to shape the work of these artists well beyond the residency period.


This review reports on a study conducted in Australia in 2005 with the University of Melbourne and St Vincent's hospital, Melbourne whereby world leading brain imaging technology helped advance psychosurgical and neuropsychological research into Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). Establishing an early diagnosis of TLE improves treatment outcome and can involve assessing for subtle changes to a patient's mood, anxiety – cerebral atrophy integrity. Assessing for this integrity is often complicated by discrepancies in neuroanatomical differentiation. Quantitative volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to measure the volume of the parahippocampal gyrus in 20 controls and 37 patients with TLE, (16 with right medial temporal sclerosis and 21 with left medial temporal sclerosis) in order to investigate protocol that improves the early diagnosis of TLE. Patients underwent neuropsychological, neurological and interictal scalp EEG investigation for known seizure disorder, as well as volumetric MRI analysis of hippocampal and parahippocampal morphology. Patient volumetric measures were compared to the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores with the intention of determining the relationship between mental status and brain volume. Volumetric analysis revealed that atrophy of the right parahippocampal gyrus in patients was found to correlate to higher mood scale scores. This research demonstrated the complexities involved with defining neuroanatomical limits of cerebral regions in order to better understand mood, anxiety cerebral atrophy relationships in patients with TLE.


This research investigates the spurious inductor loss encountered in electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation of high switching power electronic devices such as a voltage sourced converter (VSC) with high voltage direct current (HVDC). This spurious loss due to numerical integration substitution of the EMT modeling of passive elements, especially an inductor. It occurs when the applied voltage across the inductor is not sinusoidal. This research thus unveils the mechanism of the spurious inductor loss associated with converter parameters such as inductance, DC voltage, modulation index, and switching frequency, and simulation parameters such as the solution time step. Therefore, care must be taken of the spurious inductor loss contribution on top of conventional switching and conduction loss when EMT simulation including a converter is conducted. In addition, the converter parameters usually cannot be changed because it is designed parameters. However, the simulation parameter can be changed and directly affects the spurious inductor loss. The spurious inductor loss increases the possibility of misleading the simulation results. Therefore, the smaller solution time step is recommended to reduce the spurious inductor loss, but it increases computational burden, which leads to extremely slow run in EMT simulation. In this paper, we discuss the tradeoff relationship between the simulation run time and the spurious inductor loss.


Background: As an alternative to back surgeries, endoscopic spinal operations is the most effective and safe procedure that does not impose the fear reaction to the patients. Objective: In this study the results, complications, and outcomes of 60 patients complaining from prolapsed lumbar inter-vertebral discs who experienced prolapsed endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) were reported. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in three sentinel hospitals over a period of 3 years (2013-2015) in Erbil city of Iraq. Clinical findings in addition to pre-operative MRI were the main diagnostic methods used for including patients who were suffering from lumbar disc herniation at different levels. Clinical appraisal was done utilizing the modified Macnab criteria. The Storz lens spinoscope was utilized to perform PELD. Results: Sixty patients (37 males and 23 females) with lumbar disc herniation were included in the study. The mean operative time was 50 minutes. Patients were discharged during 1st 24 hours post-operatively. After surgery, patients were followed up for two months to three years with a mean of 18 months. Seven (11.7%) patients developed complications including one (1.7%) instance of shallow nerve injury, three (5%) with dural tears, two (3.3%) instances of intermittent delayed disc prolapse and one patient (1.7%) had post-operative discitis. Modified Macnab criteria (excluding patients with long dural tear) showed excellence results for 36 patients, while good results were observed for 17 patients, reasonable results for 3 patients and poor results for 2 patients. The achievement rate was 91.4% . Conclusion: Although of lumbar disc prolapse, and although its final outcome is reasonable it is not devoid from complications.


202/906-8023 • FAX: 202/842-2885 • E-mail: email@example.com • www.prrac.org Recycled Paper Memphis 50 Years Since King .................................... 1 David Ciscel & Michael Honey. The city's employment stuctures evolve, but still undercut the dream. Double Disadvantage .................................................3 Ann Owens. In schools and neighborhoods, childhood income segregation gets worse. Love & Solidarity ....................................................... 6 Tyler Barbarin. A documentary film review. Regional School Desegregation .................................7 Genevieve Siegel-Hawley. Out-thinking the limitations of Milliken v. Bradley. PRRAC Update......................................................... 15 Resources ................................................................ 15 CONTENTS: July-September 2016 Volume 25: Number 3


In this paper we improve an efficient implicit surface reconstruction method based on the surface following method for the radial basis functions interpolant. The method balances the reconstruction efficiency and the evaluation efficiency in the process of surface following. The growing strategy of the surface following method combines both the evaluation and reconstruction processes. Based on the analysis of the black-box fast multipole method (FMM) operations, we improve the FMM procedures for single point evaluation. The goal is to ensure that one point evaluation of the method obtains an optimum efficiency, so that it can be efficiently applied to the voxel growing method. Combined with the single point FMM, we improve the voxel growing method without manually specifying the seed points, and the leaf growing method is developed to avoid a mass of redundant computation. It ensures a smaller number of evaluation points and a higher evaluation efficiency in surface following. The numerical results of several data sets showed the reliability and performance of the efficient implicit surface reconstruction method. Compared with the existing methods, the improved method performs a better time and space efficiency.


Dry and steam laser cleaning, DLC and SLC, of nano-and micro-contaminant particles from UV/vis opaque and transparent critical substrates has been studied in front-side laser illumination geometry with the help of time-resolved optical techniques and broadband photoacoustic spectroscopy using a nanosecond 10.6-μm TEA CO2-laser and different absorbing energy transfer media (ETM) fluids. Corresponding basic DLC and SLC mechanisms for removal of nano- and micro-particles from opaque and transparent critical substrates as well as parameters of explosive removal of ETM fluids have been determined and discussed.


Abstract Brotizolam and Midazolam, psychotropic drugs belonging to thienotriazolodiazepine and imidazobenzodiazepine families, have been determined by flow injection analysis with photometric detection. At pH 7, signals showed to be rectilinear from 1.27 × 10−6M to 1.07 × 10−4 M for brotizolam and from 1.53 × 10−6 M to 1.07 × 10−4M for midazolam. Methods developed were applied to the determination of both drugs in their formulations (Lendormin and Dormicum).


My first thoughts in writing this lecture are about the young women and young men who are beginning their lives in science: students and those beginning scientific research. I have been in experimental scientific research for 45 years; I have done some good experiments of which the best was the discovery of the tau lepton; I have followed research directions that turned out to be uninteresting; I have worked on experiments that failed. And so while recounting the discovery of the tau for which I have received this great honor, I will try to pass on what I have learned about doing experimental science. I begin my reflections by going back in time before the tau, before even my interest in leptons. I was trained as an engineer at Polytechnic University (then the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn) and I always begin the design of an experiment with engineering drawings, with engineering calculations on how the apparatus is to be built and how it should work. My strong interest in engineering and in a mechanical view of nature carried over into my career in physics. My doctoral thesis research (Pert, Rabi, and Senitzky 1955) was carried out at Columbia University in the early 1950's under Professor Isidor Rabi. The research used the atomic beam resonance method invented by Rabi, for which he received a Nobel Prize in 1944. My experimental apparatus, Fig. 1, was boldly mechanical with a brass vacuum chamber, a physical beam of sodium atoms, submarine storage batteries to power the magnets and in the beginning of the experiment, a wall galvanometer to measure the beam current. I developed much of my style in experimental science in the course of this thesis experiment. When designing the experiment and when thinking about the physics, the mechanical view is always dominant in my mind. More important, my thinking about elementary particles is physical and mechanical. In the basic production process for tau leptons