This paper compares the performance of the orthogonal-variable-spreading-factor (OVSF) code assignment schemes based on UMTS/IMT-2000 proposed so far, i.e., the conventional code assignment scheme (CONV), the dynamic code assignment scheme (DCA), and region division assignment scheme (RDA). It was shown that RDA gives better performance than DCA and CONV in terms of the packet dropping probability under heavy traffic conditions. In this paper, we make extensive performance comparisons among the three proposed OVSF code assignment schemes. We focus on two performance measures, i.e., the number of simultaneous voice conversations and the calculation time. The simulation results show that the calculation time of RDA is significantly lower than that of DCA. RDA can simultaneously handle much more voice sources than DCA.


It is well known that, for fast rotating fluids with the axis of rotation being perpendicular to the boundary, the boundary layer is of Ekman-type, described by a linear ODE system. In this paper we consider fast rotating fluids, with the axis of rotation being parallel to the boundary. We show that the corresponding boundary layer is describe by a nonlinear, degenerated PDE system which is similar to the 2-D Prandtl system. Finally, we prove the well-posedness of the governing system of the boundary layer in the space of analytic functions with respect to tangential variable.


The aim of this research is to clarify the experiences of newly graduated nurses early resignation and re-employment. Interviews were conducted with 5 nurses, who graduated from a college of nursing and retired less than 1year after employment. Interviews focused on "the change in their feelings about the continuation of work up until they decided to retire their work" and "the feelings of work after being retired". As a result of the interviews, 7 categories and 22 subcategories were extracted from the subjects' experiences of early resignation and re-employment. The seven categories are "uncertain occupational consciousness", "difficulty of being a nurse", "fragility within themselves", "search for a comfortable place where one can feel a sense of belonging", "fluctuating feelings between wanting to retire and wanting to continue work", "pulling themselves together", "restarting work as nurse". From these results, the experiences indicate a process of modification from an uncertain occupational consciousness toward a realistic image of nursing work. We suggest that we need continuous support from basic nursing education to postgraduate education in order to cultivate a sense of identity in nursing. 【要旨】本研究の目的は,新卒看護師の早期離職と再就職にむけての体験を明らかにすること である。看護系大学を卒業し,就職後 1年未満で退職した看護師5人に対して,「離職に至るま での職業継続についての気持ちの変化」「離職後の職業に対する思い」についての半構成的面接 を行った。 結果,新卒看護師の早期離職と再就職にむけての体験には,7のカテゴリー【不確かな職業 意識】【看護することの難しさ】【自分の脆さ】【安心できる居場所さがし】【離職と職業継続をめ ぐるゆらぎ】【自分を取り戻すこと】【看護師としてやり直したい】と,22のサブカテゴリーが抽 出された。結果から,新卒看護師の早期離職と再就職にむけての体験は,不確かな職業意識が現 実的な看護の職業につく自分へと変化する過程であった。職業的アイデンティティを育成するた めには,看護基礎教育から卒後教育までの継続的な支援が必要であることが示唆された。 島根大学医学部臨床看護学講座 Department of Clinical Nursing,Shimane University Faculty of Medicine 島根大学医学部基礎看護学講座 Department of Fundamental Nursing,Shimane University Faculty of Medicine 島根大学医学部地域看護学講座 Department of Community Health Nursing,Shimane University Faculty of Medicine (新卒看護師/離職/職業意識) 新卒看護師の早期離職と再就職にむけての体験


In this study, Functionalized chitosan with amine groups was synthesized and coated on the surface of carbon black. The hybrid amino functionalized chitosan-carbon support was employed as an efficient, environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification reaction of canola oil and methanol. It was observed that this hybrid was more active than parent polymer at the reaction condition. Furthermore, the reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature, molar ratio, amount of the catalyst and reaction time were studied. It was shown that the conversion of canola oil to methyl esters could reach to 95 % during 3.5 h when the reaction was performed with the molar ratio of methanol to canola oil of 12, a catalyst amount of 5 Wt.%, at the reaction temperature of 60 C. These results can be explained by the inherent basicity of amines groups of amino functionalized chitosan on the surface of carbon support. This novel heterogeneous catalyst offers several attractive advantages such as high catalyst activity, easy recovery and reusability of the catalyst.


New research reveals that tiny single-celled organisms in the Arctic Ocean are growing more numerous as climate change thins the ice.


Abstract Preservice early childhood education majors at the University of Georgia are involved in a field experience in conjunction with their first mathematics methods course. The field experience involves one-on-one work with a child for 45 minutes each week for seven weeks. The intent of the field experience is to give the preservice teachers an opportunity to attend to children's mathematical thinking in a setting in which classroom management and curriculum management concerns are minimal. The design of the field experience is described and the outcomes for preservice teachers, children, and teacher educators are documented.


The increasing demand for structural materials with superior mechanical properties has provided a strong impetus to the discovery of novel materials, and innovations in processing techniques to improve the properties of existing materials. Methods like severe plastic deformation (SPD) and surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) have led to significant enhancement in the strength of traditional structural materials like Al and Fe based alloys via microstructural refinement. However, the nanostructured materials produced using these techniques exhibit poor ductility due to the lack of effective strain hardening mechanisms, and as a result the well-known strength-ductility trade-off persists. To overcome this trade-off, researchers have proposed the concept of heterostructured materials (HMs), which are composed of domains ranging in size from a few nanometers to several micrometers. Over the last two decades, there has been intense research on the development of new methods to synthesize HMs, including thermomechanical treatment of cold worked metals, SPD and sintering of powders, SMAT and electrodeposition. However, none of these methods is capable of providing precise control over key microstructural parameters such as average grain size, grain morphology, and volume fraction and connectivity of coarse and fine grains. Due to the lack of microstructural control, the relationship between these parameters and the deformation behavior of HMs cannot be investigated systematically and hence designing HMs with optimized properties is currently infeasible. This work aims to address this scientific and technological challenge and is composed of two distinct but interrelated parts. The first part concerns the development of a broadly applicable synthesis method to produce heterostructured metallic films with precisely defined architectures. This method uses well established microfabrication processes like photolithography and etching, and exploits two forms of film growth (epitaxial and Volmer-Weber) to generate heterostructured metallic films. The second part investigates the effect of different microstructural parameters on the deformation behavior of heterostructured metallic films with the aim of elucidating their structure-property relationships. Towards this end, freestanding heterostructured Fe films with different architectures were fabricated and uniaxially deformed using MEMS stages. The results from these experiments are presented and their implications for the mechanical properties of HMs is discussed. Mechanical Engineering Doctoral Defense Synthesis and characterization of heterostructured metallic films with precisely controlled architectures Rohit Berlia Advisor: Jagannathan Rajagopalan March 5, 2021; 10 AM; Zoom Link: https://asu.zoom.us/j/86062933032 School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy


The Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0νββ) allows to determine the absolute scale of the neutrino masses. For this one must assume, that the light Majorana neutrino exchange is the leading mechanism for 0νββ and that the matrix element of this transition can ba calculated reliably. The different methods: Quasi-particle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA), Shell Model (SM), Projected Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (PHFB) and Interacting Boson Model (IBM2) to calculate these matrix elements are reviewed. The question, how one can determine the leading mechanism or mechanisms from the data of the 0νββ decay in different nuclei is studied in the later part of this article. Possible interference terms allow to test CP (Charge and Parity conjugation) violation.


Objective To investigate the effect of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 on the apoptosis of osteoblast in the bone of ovariectomized rats.Methods Thirty-six female rats at age of 6 month were allocated into 4 groups with 9 rats per group; ovariectomized(OVX) group,sham-operated group,OVX followed by l,25(OH)_2D_3(0.05μg/kg) and nilestriol (0.1mg/kg) for 12 weeks respectively.Bone mineral density(BMD) of whole body of rats was determined by DXA. The levels of osteocalcin and estradiol in serum were measured by radio immunologic method.All rats were then sacrificed, Apoptotic cells were examined using terminal dexynudeotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and apoptotic cells were observed by electron microscope.Results The level of serum E_2 and BMD of whole body in the OVX group were lower than those in sham-operated group significantly after 12 weeks(P0.05).Compared with the OVX group,the BMD and the level of BGP in the 1,25(OH)_2D_3 group were increased(P0.05),but the level of serum E_2 was not increased(P0.05 ).Positive expression rate of apoptotic osteoblasts and osteocytes in the OVX group was higher than that in sham-operated group significantly after 12 weeks(P0.01).Positive expression rate of apoptotic osteoblasts and osteocytes in l,25(OH)_2D_3 group was significantly lower than that in OVX group(P0.05). Conclusion 1,25(OH)_2D_3 had antiosteoporotic effects on ovariectomized rats.1,25(OH)_2D_3 could inhibit the apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes of OVX rats,which might contribute to its antiosteoporotic effect.


Background & Objective: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be prevalent among patients with type 2 DM, particularly in those with DPN. This study aimed to look at the association of serum vitamin D level with peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 DM.
Methods: This was a comparative cross- sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Fifty diabetic patients with DPN and fifty diabetic patients without DPN were recruited. Serum vitamin D level was determined by measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level. The patients were clinically assessed and screened with Diabetic Neuropathy Symptoms score. Nerve conduction study was performed for patients with DPN.
Results: The serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in patients with DPN (11.81 [9.09-18.06] vs 18.63 [11.25-22.63] ng/ml; p=0.006). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that DPN was significantly associated with higher BMI, longer duration of DM, insulin usage and serum 25(OH)D level. The usage of fibrates had negative association with DPN. Subgroup analysis of the DPN group showed that patients with painful DPN had significant lower serum 25(OH)D level (p<0.001) and the clinical severity of DPN negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D level (p=0.015).
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with DPN in patients with type 2 DM. In addition, patients with painful DPN tend to have significantly lower serum 25(OH)D level.


This paper presents a spectral survey of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in the NIR range, from 0.9 to 2.5 micron. The observations were designed to detect new DIBs, confirm previously proposed NIR DIBs, and characterise their behaviour with respect to known line-of-sight properties (including the optical DIBs present in our spectra). X-shooter at the VLT was used to obtained medium-resolution spectra of eight known DIB targets and one telluric reference star. In addition to the known 9577, 9632, 10780, 11797, and 13175 Angstroms NIR DIBs, we confirm 9 out of the 13 NIR DIBs that were presented by Geballe and co-workers in 2011. Furthermore, we report 12 new NIR DIB candidates. The strengths of the strongest NIR DIBs show a general correlation with reddening, E(B-V), but with a large scatter. Several NIR DIBs are more strongly correlated with the 5780 Angstroms DIB strength than with E(B-V); this is especially the case for the 15268 Angstroms DIB. The NIR DIBs are strong: the summed equivalent widths of the five strongest NIR DIBs represent a few percent of the total equivalent width of the entire average DIB spectrum (per unit reddening). The NIR DIBs towards the translucent cloud HD 147889 are all weak with respect to the general trend. No direct match was found between observed NIR DIBs and laboratory matrix-isolation spectroscopic data of PAHs. The strong correlation between the 5780-15268 DIB pair implies that (Nf)_5780 / (Nf)_15268 = 14. However, the reduced strength of the 15268 Angstroms DIB in HD 147889 rules out a common carrier for these two DIBs. Since the ionisation fraction for small PAHs in this translucent cloud is known to be low compared to diffuse clouds, the weakness of the 15268 Angstrom DIB suggests that an ionised species could be the carrier of this NIR DIB. (abridged).


In This paper,the evaporators model in the producing process of Alumina is analyzed and a fuzzy logic control with predictive model is applied in evaporators liquor density control,which is difficult by traditional control methods.Computer simulation results demonstrate that this method can achieve satisfactory dynamical characteristic,static characteristic and good robusticity.It is applicable to the objects with large inertness,none-linear nad time delay,and to those whose exact model is difficult to achieve.


The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between earthquake exposure and the incidence of PTSD. A stratification random sample survey was conducted to collect data in the Longmenshan thrust fault after Lushan earthquake three years. We used the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) and the Earthquake Experience Scale. Subjects in this study included 3944 school student survivors in local eleven schools. The prevalence of probable PTSD is relatively higher, when the people was trapped in the earthquake, was injured in the earthquake or have relatives who died in the earthquake. It concluded that researchers need to pay more attention to the children and adolescents. The government should pay more attention to these people and provide more economic support.


Clinical muscular pain such as stiff neck and lumbago is often treated with massage, stretch, and vibration; however, the effectiveness of these procedures and their action mechanisms remain unclear. We consider it important to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of these procedures using experimentally induced muscular pain. Exercise-induced pain has been used as a model of muscular pain. In the present experiment, we used this model to evaluate the effect of vibration, which is used in physical therapy. Muscle soreness was induced by exercise of the upper arm using a weight belt, and changes in the muscle were evaluated using limb circumference, joint angle, strength of muscle soreness, dimensions of muscle and blood flow before and after exercise and vibration. The present exercise protocol induced delayed onset muscle soreness 1 day after exercise. Vibration given immediately and 2 days after exercise widened the limited range of motion, decreased muscle soreness in full flexion and extension positions, increased blood flow in the deep tissues involving muscle and another connective tissues, increased the thickness of subcutaneous tissues, and tended to decrease the thickness of flexors. However, in contrast to our clinical experience, these effects did not last long after vibration. The reason for this might be that the kind of pain was different.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of voriconazole in the treatment of patients with lung fungal infection after extracorporeal circulation operation.METHODS Fourteen patients with lung fungal infection were given voriconazole tablet therapy after ineffective fluconazole treatment.RESULTS Eleven patients were effective,and the total effective rate was 76.5%.Adverse reaction were found and became better after relevant treatment.CONCLUSION Voriconazole is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with lung fungal infection after extracorporeal circulation operation.


Ion beam synthesis of nanocrystals is explored using a recently developed kinetic Monte Carlo model for the process. The model suggests that temperature can be used to engineer nanocrystal size distributions. Specifically, by initiating implants at low temperature and then ramping the temperature upward, one can both tune the average size of the nanocrystals and restrict size distribution widths to less than 20% of the average size.


The behaviour of an adult Stump-tailed Macaque (Macaca arctoides) while in three different experimental situations, is compared. The experimental situations were the following: (I) the female is alone, (II) the female is in the presence of a male while allogrooming is prevented by a plexiglas partition, or (III) the male is present and allogrooming is allowed through a slit in the partition. Comparison of the situations (I) and (II) shows the presence of male induces in the female a tendency to stay close to the male, a slight reduction of locomotion and an increase in the duration of autogrooming. When the female has the opportunity to allogroom, comparing II and III, she prefers to allogroom over walking away from the male as well as over autogrooming.


5-(N-p)-Toluenesulfonyl)iminothianthrenes, whose sulfur atoms are oxidized to a sulfoxide or sulfone at the 10-position, were hydrolysed readily in high yield to N-unsubstituted-sulfilimines by using concentrated H2SO4. During hydrolysis, 10-monoxy-5-N-unsubstituted-sulfilimines were obtained as a separable mixture of the cis and trans isomers. The stereochemical interconversion of these compounds was studied under both hydrolytic and thermal conditions and their structures were elucidated by using X-ray crystallography.


Correction for 'The kinetics of uncatalyzed and catalyzed urethane forming reactions of aliphatic diisocyanates with butan-1-ol' by Anett Juhász et al., New J. Chem., 2023, 47, 16096–16107, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NJ02747C.


BACKGROUND
Women with vertically acquired HIV (VHIV) may have a greater risk of adverse birth outcomes than women with horizontally acquired HIV (HHIV).

METHODS
The Tsepamo study performed birth outcomes surveillance at 8 government delivery sites in Botswana from July 2014 through March 2019. Pregnant women diagnosed with HIV before their 11th birthday received VHIV status, and other women had HHIV. Small for gestational age (SGA), preterm delivery (PTD), stillbirth, and neonatal death were compared using χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. Log-binomial regression models determined risk ratios (RRs).

RESULTS
VHIV women (n = 402) aged 15-27 years were identified over 4 years of surveillance and compared with HHIV women (n = 8465) of the same age. VHIV women were more likely to use nevirapine (NVP)-based antiretroviral treatment (ART) in pregnancy and to have SGA and very SGA infants, but less likely to have very PTD infants. In unadjusted analyses, VHIV women had a higher risk of any adverse birth outcome combined (RR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.36). After adjusting for potential confounders, particularly use of NVP-based regimens, the risk of adverse birth outcomes among VHIV and HHIV women was similar.

CONCLUSIONS
NVP-based ART is a primary and modifiable risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. Updating ART regimens could improve birth outcomes for women with HIV.


aSchool of biomedical engineering and informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China bPhysics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States cDepartment of Biological Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA dSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430081, China eBiomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami FL 33199, United States fJiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China


Thank you very much for downloading development of large scale structure in the universe. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this development of large scale structure in the universe, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their laptop.


ABSTRACTPharmacy practice faculty and students from Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences participated in a community diabetes screening, referral, and education project funded by the Wellmark Foundation. The purpose of the project was to improve diabetes health in an urban community in the 50317 zip code area, which has a high prevalence of diabetes within Des Moines, Iowa. Visiting Nurse Services (VNS) coordinated and organized the screenings. Pharmacy students participated in the screenings as part of a service learning assignment for their Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience (IPPE). Pharmacy faculty participated in the planning task force, developed the data collection tool, coordinated student participation in the screenings, and analyzed the data (entered by a pharmacy student). The VNS tested approximately 5,000 people at approximately 100 screenings from October 1999 to June 2000. One hundred twenty-two pharmacy students participated in the screenings and had many positive...


Energy ratio analysis of various methods and technology of biodiesel production is needed to get an idea of the effectiveness of the method or technology used. This study aims to analyze the energy ratio in the biodiesel production process with a continuous static mixing reactor. RE2 values for biodiesel production using a continuous static mixing reactor with catalysts 0.3% (w/w) and 0.5% (w/w), respectively are 0.94 and 1.03. The addition of the number of modules to achieve the conversion rate required in accordance with SNI-7182 (2018) can increase the energy ratio to 1.10 in the use of catalysts 0.3% (w/w), and 1.09 with the use of a 0.5% catalyst (w/w). The energy ratio value with the addition of the module is about 10% higher than the ratio value for the bacth method using a 1% catalyst and the SMV method without catalyst.


Typically in longitudinal quantitative research, classifications are tracked over time. However, most classifications change in absolute terms in that some die whilst others are created, and in their meaning. There is a need, therefore, to re-think how longitudinal quantitative research might explore both the qualitative changes to classification systems as well as the quantitative changes within each classification. By drawing on the changing classifications of local food retail outlets in the city of York (UK) since the 1950s as an illustrative example, an alternative way of graphing longitudinal quantitative data is presented which ultimately provides a description of both types of change over time. In so doing, this article argues for the increased use of 'dirty data' in longitudinal quantitative analysis, a step which allows for the exploration of both qualitative and quantitative changes to, and within, classification systems. This ultimately challenges existing assumptions relating to the quality and type of data used in quantitative research and how change in the social world is measured in general.


ABSTRACT This article argues that previous public administration and political science research might have missed important class-based inequalities by primarily focusing on ethnic discrimination among public officials and ignoring discrimination based on socioeconomic status (SES). A large-scale field experiment on the presence of SES discrimination among local Swedish public officials is presented. A total of 3430 Swedish elementary school principals were randomly contacted by parents with low- or high-SES professions and with Arabic- or Swedish-sounding names. The fictional parents were considering moving to the municipality and were interested in placing their children at the school. The results show clear signs of SES discrimination, particularly in regard to the more qualitative aspects of the replies. The findings also show interactions between SES and ethnicity, in which primarily the more formal aspects of the replies suggested that SES discrimination could be more prevalent against ethnic minority aliases than against other aliases.


To the Editor, Mollusk allergy is commonly thought of as clinical crossreactivity after primary sensitization to shrimps, other crustaceans, or mites.1,2 Tropomyosin is the major allergen, with primary IgE sensitization in 70% of all shellfish allergies.3 A high frequency of IgE and basophil reactivity to several mollusk allergens is seen in crustacean and mitesensitized patients.45 It is still unclear, however, whether mollusks are capable of producing primary allergic sensitization, or whether IgE reactivity is based solely on crossreactive crustaceanspecific antibodies. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that mollusk tropomyosin can independently elicit a strong primary Thelper Type 2 (Th2)mediated IgE response in a IPsensitized mouse model (BALB/c) of food allergy, which was primarily due to tropomyosin, without any prior sensitization to crustacean allergens. Heated protein extracts were prepared from Jade tiger abalone (hAbal; Haliotis laevigata x Haliotis rubra) and Black tiger shrimp (hBTS; Penaeus monodon). The respective tropomyosins were produced recombinantly (rHal l1 and rPen m1) (Appendix S1). Both proteins share 63% amino acid sequence identity (Figure 1A). Hal l 1 is closely related to oyster and octopus tropomyosin (Figure 1C). In vitro IgE binding was observed to native tropomyosin in hAbal extract (58%) and hBTS extract (75%) as well as for both recombinant tropomyosins, rHal l 1 (62%), and rPen m 1 (75%) as shown by immunoblotting using sera from 12 clinically confirmed shellfish allergic patients (Figure 1B, Tables S1 and S2). Although monosensitization to abalone extract or tropomyosin was not observed, subjects 6 and 7 elicited stronger IgE binding to abalone extract and Hal l 1 than to shrimp extracts, implying primary sensitization to abalone. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and patient anonymity was preserved. Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committees of James Cook University (H4313), the Alfred Hospital (192/07), and the Monash University (MUHREC CF08/0225). We established two independent mouse models: (i) shrimp allergen model; intraperitonealsensitized either with hBTS or rPen m1, and orally challenged with hBTS (Figure 1D); and (ii) abalone allergen model; sensitized either with hAbal extract or rHal l1, and challenged with hAbal. Mouse IgG antibodies produced against abalone tropomyosin sensitization model elicited crossbinding to tropomyosin in the shrimp extract. Likewise, IgE antibodies produced in shrimpsensitized models showed binding to tropomyosin in the abalone extract (Figure 1E), demonstrating the crossreactive nature of Hal l 1 and Pen m 1. A strong IgE response to hBTS was elicited (total and shrimpspecific) with a significant release of mast cell protease (mMCP1) as compared to the naïve group (Figure 2A,B). A similar response was observed with abalone, however, demonstrating relatively stronger IgE and mMCP1 responses in ELISA. Mice sensitized to Pen m1 or Hal l1 elicited a much stronger IgG1 antibody response than whole extractsensitized animals, indicating a more efficient Th2 priming potential with purified allergens (Figure 2B). No significant IFNγ responses confirmed that no Th1 priming occurred (Figure 2C). Antigenspecific in vitro restimulation of splenocytes revealed a robust IL5 and IL13 response, but not IFNγ, indicating a systemic Th2polarized immune response (Figure 2D). A significant increase in the frequency of bloodand spleenbased IgE+ basophils was observed for abaloneand Hal l1sensitized mice, similar to shrimpsensitized mice (Figure 2E). This study demonstrates that abalone tropomyosin is the major sensitizer in the heated extract. Antibodies generated against abalone tropomyosin is capable of binding to shrimp tropomyosin. We recently showed that Tcell crossreactivity among tropomyosins is not dependent on amino acid sequence similarity, but instead as a function of structural stability.6 This supports our findings that tropomyosins from different invertebrate sources may produce crossreactive antibodies, even when sharing low amino acid sequence similarity7 Our findings suggest that primary sensitization to tropomyosin from mollusk is possible, and inverse clinical crossreactivity may occur to crustaceans in molluskallergic individuals.


Abstract:Hollywood's war mobilization efforts in support of the Liberty Loan Bond Drives (1917–1918) were critical to shifting government officials' perceptions of the value of commercial cinema as a tool of propaganda and cultural policy during wartime. By tracing the industry's efforts in the bond drives, and the narrative production and distribution of the Liberty Loan propaganda films in particular, this article shows how the patriotic film star testimonial became an expedient ideological mechanism. The propaganda films reinforced perceptions held by some political elites of commercial film as lowbrow as they also signaled a new manner of effectively linking popular culture with state power to promote unified national identity during crisis.


The present article is devoted to the determination of the role of the newest interactive distance technologies in the formation of foreign language sociocultural competence of the part-time technical students. At the beginning of the article the quantitative indexes of time intended for the individual work in the form of tutorial via the Internet, classroom tutorial and on-line conferences are presented. The article introduces the detailed review of interactive methods of learning which can be applied during distant teacher-student cooperation at the intersession period. The analysis of means of teacher-student communication through the Internet is also carried out, in frames of which two kinds of communication (on-line and off-line) are considered. To the first category communication by means of the electronic correspondence, exchange of personal points of view at forums, blogging, communication via teacher's Web page (site) are referred. The latter includes correspondence with the help of ICQ, Quip, Skype and communication through the Webinar system, the notion of which is assiduously studied in our research. The practical part encompasses the results of the experiment conducted with the students of Welding faculty, Faculties of Physical Engineering and Chemical Technology on the platform of Mikogo on the topic "World Famous Inventors and Inventions". At the final part of the article we made the general conclusion that the Webinar is really an effective tool to form the foreign language sociocultural competence of part-time students in higher technical institutions. As the prospect of our further investigation the following is defined: carrying out the experiments with greater quantity of participants and more detailed revision of possibilities of Webinar platforms employment while foreign language learning.


We carried out a field breeding ecological research of alien species,Trachmys scripta elegans,from October 2011 to September 2012 at Shazhou Island of Wanquan River(Hainan).A total of 54 samples were obtained by trap.The number and size of follicles of the samples were detected by ultrasonic technique.The results showed that the average size of follicles was bigger than 9.0 mm(6.0 ~ 33.7 mm,n = 426) in each month.Follicles began to growth in September and reached a maximum size in June(16.6 mm ± 3.9 mm,n = 39) and maximum number in March(45 ± 4,n = 4).Thus,we speculated that the breeding rate of T.scripta elegans is 2.48 clutches per year.


This study investigates to what extent long term effectiveness of weight reduc- tion program in obese adolescents depends on the body composition before therapy and its changes during therapy. Studies were conducted on 78 obese adolescents aged 12-16 years, who participated in a 4-week weight reduction program, which consisted of low energy diet (5.47 MJ per day, 18% protein, 26% fat, 56% carbohydrate) and physical ex- ercises. Body weight (BW) and body composition (fat mass - FM, lean body mass - LBM) were measured using bioimpedance method before and during therapy as well as six months later. After 4-week BW, FM, LBM decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Six months after termination of therapy the mean BW increased, but mainly due to LBM. Mean changes FM (0.29 kg ±3.93) were not significant however in 50% of population FM increased. Correlation between loss of LBM during therapy and FM gain after six months was statistically significant. FM after six months correlated with BW and FM before ther- apy and changes BW during therapy. Effectiveness of the program could be well pre- dicted by BC before therapy and its changes during therapy. Results permitted to formu- late detailed recommendations for weight reduction program for obese adolescents regard- ing the individual degree of obesity and BC.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of corrosion products on the microleakage of composite placed adjacent to nondiscolored dentin after amalgam removal.

METHOD AND MATERIALS
Sixty Class 2 cavities were prepared on extracted premolars, which were divided into four equal groups according to the manner in which they were restored: group 1, light-cured packable composite (Elite LS) to establish a microleakage baseline; group 2, a high-copper amalgam (World Work) previously stored in 37°C normal saline for 6 months to create amalgam corrosion products; group 3, identical to group 2, but the amalgam was later replaced with composite, leaving the cavity walls intact; and group 4, identical to group 3 except the cavity walls were extended 0.5 mm after amalgam removal prior to insertion of the composite. Groups 1, 3, and 4 were kept in a 37°C normal saline for 1 week. Ten specimens from each of these three groups were randomly selected for dye-extraction testing, while dentin elemental microanalysis of five specimens from all four experimental groups was also conducted. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey tests (α = .05).

RESULTS
Corrosion products were not detected in group 4, and no statistically significant difference (P > .05) in microleakage was found between this group and group 1. The highest dye absorbance was associated with group 3 (P < .05).

CONCLUSION
After amalgam removal, a 0.5-mm extension of the cavity walls could improve the dentinal marginal seal to replicate that of an initial composite restoration.


The use of photoselective polyethylene films with thermic properties used as greenhouse cover materials at cultivation of Eruca sativa Mill., Korsika resulted in change of vegetative growth and plants development. The thermic films have IR-reflecting properties (700-1400 nm) due to low-emission coatings with copper compounds (film TF1) and compounds of silver and copper (film TF2) on the surface of polyethylene films. The use of thermic films was conducive to decrease in wide fluctuations in day and night temperatures in greenhouses, because of increase in night temperatures up to 2 °C compared to unmodified polyethylene film. The change of light and temperature growth conditions of E. sativa by thermic film (TF-2) resulted in increase the yield (leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight). Increase in productivity up to 60 % was followed by the rise in ascorbic acid level in plant leaves. Thermic film TF-1 did not contribute to change of plant growth, development and productivity of Eruca sativa compared to unmodified polyethylene film.


INTRODUCTIONEnteric fever is an endemic in India with high perforation rate and associated with high morbidity and mortality (1). Small intestinal perforation and gastrointestinal haemorrhage are the most common and dreadful complication of enteric fever (2). The incidence of enteric fever in Asia in around 274/100,000 persons per year (3). India has highest incidence worldwide (4). Poor nutrition, low immunity and unhealthy sanitary habits with unhygienic living conditions make a person more prone to this infection, as this disease is transmitted by faeco-oral route. Enteric perforation occurs usually at terminal ileum second to necrosis of Peyer's patches (5). Various operative procedures like, simple repair of perforation primary ileostomy, simple repair with omental patch and repair with ileotransverse Colostomy have been advocated by different authors. In the present study we did a comparative study of primary repair of enteric perforation with loop exteriorization is a satisfactory method to reduce the mortality in enteric perforation.


Abstract In this paper, control of hyperchaotic Chen system is investigated under the existence of norm-bounded parameter uncertainties. A Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model is employed to represent the hyperchaotic Chen system and the parallel distributed compensation technique is applied to design the time-delayed fuzzy state feedback controller. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a sufficient delay-dependent or delay-independent stability criterion is given in term of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system. The two sets of feedback gain matrices can be simultaneously obtained by solving a group of LMIs. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Network Security Consist of the provisions and policies adopted by a network administrator to prevent and monitor unauthorized access. E-mail is the main communication link now a day everyone uses/have mail access all officials company sent on by a mail communication. In this mail communication we will have a spam mails. Spam Emails/many E-mails consists URL's to a websites or WebPages leads to virus or hacking. So we already have a method of detecting the spam mails but it won't detect the entire spam mails. Spamming is the use of Electronic messages to send/receive unsolicited bulk messages especially advertising indiscriminately. Where as in this method we are going to detect the entire spam by email scanning before it read by the users, blocking the domain irrespective of the users E-mail ID, keyword based blocking by monitoring the subjects, manipulating the difference between public and private domain before blocking, password security by bio-metric, Facial Recognition, Fractal detection (face scanning) and recognition is an unique method to identify every human being. We use brute force string match algorithm. It shows the candidate images of face scanning recognition system could be recognized efficiently using inter dependence of pixels arising from facial codes of images. KeywordsSecurity evaluation, face recognition, spam filter, facial-authentication.


Cannabis sativa was collected from a wildgrowing population in Biratnagar, Nepal. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. A total of 107 constituents were identified in the oil accounting for 94.2% of the composition. This Nepalese chemotype is characterized by a predominance of sesquiterpenoids (68.1%) dominated by (E)-caryophyllene (20.4%), αhumulene (7.0%), and α-bisabolol (5.8%), but a paucity of monoterpene hydrocarbons (0.9%). In particular, neither myrcene nor terpinolene were detected. The oil in the Nepalese Cannabis plants did contain small amounts of cannabidiol (1.6%), cannabichromene (0.2%) and Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (0.4%). The essential oil from Nepalese Cannabis sativa was screened for antimicrobial, cytotoxic, larvicidal, and insecticidal activity, and it appears as though C. sativa is relatively non-toxic. INTRODUCTION Cannabis sativa L. is one of the three species of genus Cannabis that includes C. sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis (Guy et al., 2004). C. sativa, commonly known as "hemp" or "marijuana" in English and "bhang" or "ganja" in Nepali language, is an annual herbaceous, dioceous plant (Kriese et al., 2004). The origin of wild Cannabis is not known with certainty, but the plant, which appears to have been cultivated in northern China since 4000 BC (Mabberley, 2008), is widely distributed and cultivated throughout the world (Nigam et al., 1965). Some confusion and controversy regarding the taxonomy of Cannabis does exist. Small and Cronquist (1976) had proposed a monotypic genus, C. sativa with two subspecies, sativa and indica, while several others have recognized three different species, C. sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis (Schultes et al., 1974; Anderson, 1974, 1980; Emboden, 1974). Recent, genetic, morphological, and biochemical investigations have helped to delineate the three species of Cannabis (Hillig and Mahlberg, 2004; Hillig, 2004, 2005). C. sativa generally has lower levels of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) than cannabidiol (CBD), while C. indica has less CBD than THC (Hillig and Mahlgerg, 2004). Wide-leaf varieties of C. indica have shown relatively high ratio of guaiol, γ-eudesmol, and βeudesmol, while the narrow-leaf varieties of C. indica have a relatively high ratio of (E)-β-farnesene (Hillig, 2004). The essential oil of Cannabis has demonstrated antimicrobial activity (Novak et al., 2001; Nissen et al., 2010) and mosquito larvicidal activities (Pavela, 2009). In the current study, the composition, chemotype, and bioactivities of the essential oil from a wild-growing Cannabis plant, tentatively identified as C. sativa, from Biratnagar, Nepal, were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material. Flowering Cannabis plants collected from city of Biratnagar (26°28′ N, 87°16′ E, Satyal and Setzer: Chemotyping and Determination of Antimicrobial, Insecticidal, and


The mobile ad hoc network is deployed in the environment where traditional wired network cannot be established due to its required features and their limitation. Use of directional antenna is one of the most promising techniques for the high speed wireless network such as 802.11ac, IEEE 802.11ad and IEEE 802.15.3c. Directional antenna offer remarkable possibilities for improving the performance of the adhoc network. In this paper proposed a new directional MAC mechanism to improve the spatial reuse of MANET. And compare proposed DMAC scheme with the recently proposed directional MAC scheme and result show that proposed scheme outperforms these scheme in several scenarios.


Recent Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations of the relativistic jet in the M87 radio galaxy at 43 GHz show gradual relativistic acceleration of the plasma and suggest a linear dependence of Lorentz factor on jet radius at scales up to 8 marcsec (0.65 pc) from the core (2.5 marcsec in projection). General analysis of integrals of motion being unaltered along the jet and reflecting fundamental conservation laws shows that the above dependence implies a polytropic equation of state with index 4/3. The inferred value of the polytropic index appears independent of the exact nature of forces sustaining the transverse balance of the jet and indicates exact conservation of the longitudinal electric current and hence the existence of a stable internal electromagnetic structure at the scales under consideration. At this index the flow is hot and corresponds to relativistic thermodynamic motion of particles. Considerable weakening of the acceleration efficiency after 8 marcsec with the jet form being unchanged can be related to the plasma cooling, when the polytropic index becomes 5/3. Such a sharp change in the index without intermediate delay at 1.44 during cooling favours the existence of an electron–positron plasma and requires at least partial participation of the Blandford–Znajek mechanism in the launching of the M87 jet.


Comparisons of the oxygen-handling properties of calcined CeO2, CeO2–Al2O3, RhOx–CeO2, RhOx–CeO2/Al2O3 and La2O3–CeO2 materials are made on the basis of their experimentally observed abilities to bring about R0-type homophase oxygen isotope equilibration of an equimolar (16O2+18O2) mixture at room temperature, and/or to induce low onsettemperatures (ca. 550 K) for pairwise heterophase oxygen isotope-exchange between gas-phase 18O2 and oxygen-16 species from the oxide. Those oxygen equilibration/exchange processes were enhanced over precalcined RhOx–CeO2 materials prepared from chloride-free precursors, but not over La2O3–CeO2. That difference contrasted with expectations for similar concentrations of dopant-related, anion vacancy creation in each material, based upon XRD observations of the incorporation of each dopant into a slightly expanded CeO2(fluorite) lattice. Consideration is given not only to conventional contribution to oxygen equilibration/exchange by residual RhOX species at the RhOX–CeO2 surfaces, but also to ways in which bulk-incorporated, variable-valency rhodium ions can indirectly facilitate those processes.


Identifying which patients have the highest risk of hospitalization for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can inform personalized recommendations about exposure risk, proactive screening and treatments at the health system level, and vaccine distribution across a population. Previously developed COVID-19 risk tools estimate mortality of those admitted to the hospital (1). We developed and implementedareal-timeCOVID-19risk score (CRS)predicting30-day nonelective hospitalization to inform elective surgery workflows (2), which we subsequently updated to incorporate newer data. Similar health system scores, including the Veterans Health Administration COVID-19 (VACO) index, have been developed to predict 30-day mortality across a population (3). Here, we report performance of CRS for predicting both 30-day nonelective hospitalization andmortality and compare the performance of CRS with the VACO index for these outcomes. These analyses were uniquely feasible given our position in an integrated health system (Kaiser Permanente Northern California [KPNC]) with population-level data.


ing level and the difficulty of the mate rial that the student is to read. Readability formulas can be of assist ance, but there is the danger of grant ing them more precision than they merit. Although readability formulas often report values in terms of tenths and even hundredths, as measurement devices they are nowhere near that pre cise. Most reading educators would grant them no more discriminating power than one grade level. Remember that the vast majority of formulas consider only two variables: word difficulty and sentence length. The vast majority do not consider, at least directly, what Carver calls "the


Places of residence have multiple, yet largely unintegrated, cultural characteristics. Here I make a distinction between human environments that offer demanding winters or summers together with collective poverty (threatening ecologies), undemanding temperate climates irrespective of income per head (comforting ecologies), and demanding winters or summers together with collective wealth (challenging ecologies). After reviewing prior research into cultural characteristics under these environmental conditions, I am reporting a climato-economic study of we/they discrimination across 95 nations. Together, these investigations show that threatening ecologies are prone to mental ill-being, bureaucratic organizing, press repression, autocratic politics, survival goals, societal collectivism and relatively strong we/they discrimination. By contrast, challenging ecologies are prone to mental well-being, organic organizing, press freedom, democratic politics, self-expression goals, societal individualism and relatively weak we/they discrimination. In between these extremes, comforting ecologies are prone to intermediate cultural realities.


Fatty acid composition and their correlation with other quality traits in a germplasm collection of 94 species in 58 genuses of Brassicaceae were analyzed by the gas chromatography.The results showed that there were 13 kinds of main fatty acid components in seed oil.Their average contents were ranked from high to low as linolenic,erucic,linoleic,and oleic acids.There existed 10 pairs with extremely significant positive correlation between palmitics acid,and stearic acid,11 pairs with extremely significant negative correlation between linolenic acid and erucic acid,6 pairs with significant positive correlation between palmitic acid and linoleic acid,4 pairs with,significant negative correlation between oleic acid and linolenic acid.As correlation coefficients reflecting the degree of relationship between some fatty acid pairs were relatively low,in these fatty acid pairs,only part or very few species were consistent with the corresponding relationship,or even none showed consistency with the relationship among 19 species with the highest or lowest fatty acid content.Some excellent germplasms were found with good development potentiality and application prospect,comprehensively as high oleic acid(L.fendleri(A.Gray) S.Watson,etc.),high linoleic acid(O.violaceus L.O.E.Schulz,etc.),zero erucic acid(M.africana(Linnaeus) R.Brown,etc.),low linolenic acid(L.annua L.,etc.),high oleic acid and low linolenic acid(C.hispanica L.,etc.).High oleic acid and low erucic acid(O.violaceus L.O.E.Schulz,etc.) germplasms meeting the standard of edible oil and high erucic acid(B.rapa L.,etc.),and high linolenic acid(S.eurycarpa(Maxim.) Botsch.var.brevistipes Y.C.Lan et T.Y.Cheo,etc.) germplasms had important industrial uses.This study also laid a theoretical foundation for further exploration.


The first wall of a fusion reactor will be subjected to a flux of high energy neutrons which will result in the formation of atomic displacements and their associated phenomena, coupled with the formation of helium via (n,..cap alpha..) reactions. The purpose of the experiments described here is to determine the irradiation creep properties of several austenitic stainless steels under irradiation conditions that simulate fusion reactor conditions in terms of both damage rate and helium generation rate (He:dpa ratio).


In this paper, we generalize the notion of weighted centers to semideenite programming. Our analysis ts in the v-space framework, which is purely based on the symmetric primal-dual transformation and does not make use of barriers. Existence and scale invariance properties are proven for the weighted centers. Relations with other primal-dual maps are discussed.


Despite its benign nature, a ganglion can be problematic. We successfully treated a patient with large painful ganglion in his ankle by OK-432 (lyophilized incubation mixture of group A Streptococcus pyogenes of human origin) injection. OK-432 injection seems to be a safe, convenient, and effective alternative to surgical treatment for either symptomatic or recurrent ganglia.


Purpose: According to the statistics announced by the Ministry of Unification, the number of North Korean refugees living in South Korea has increased by 200 on average monthly in 2010. The number of refugees increased only by 300 annually until 2000. The total number of refugees as of February 2012 was 20,956. This study aims to investigate the psychobiology of the North Korean refugees who consulted psychiatric clinics among those living daily life in South Korea. Methods: The subjects of this study were 85 North Korean refugees that consulted psychiatric clinics from January 1, 2005 to July 2011. This study obtained demographic and psychiatric information in a retrospective approach. Results: Among the 85 North Korean refugees, 75 (88.2%) were females and their average age was 48 years of age. A total of 16 (18.8%) were admitted to a clinic and among the inpatients, 4 were admitted twice and two were admitted three times. As for the claimed symptoms of outpatients, insomnia was shown in 47 (55.3%) patients, headaches in 37 (43.5%), anxiety in 20 (23.5%), depression in 19 (22.4%), etc. The major symptoms represented by inpatients were insomnia in 14 (87.5%) patients, depression in 12 (75%), and headaches in 8 (50%), etc. Conclusion: The most frequent psychiatric symptoms of North Korean refugees living in South Korea were insomnia and headaches. It suggests that when performing psychiatric diagnosis and treatment of North Korean refugees, we have to take into consideration the fact that they claimed the physical symptoms more than the emotional ones. Also, from the aspect that most symptoms of North Korean refugees were insomnia, more profound research on sleep is required in the future.


Urban transformation refers to the overall transformation of the basic elements of urban areas,including urban social structure,economic structure,cultural structure,political structure,social values,momentum for urban development,and institutional mechanism.At present,urbanization rate in Jiangsu has exceeded 60%.The difference within the Province's northern,middle and southern regions in terms of level of urbanization,especially the "structural void" in urban development in northern Jiangsu,has directly affected the overall balanced and coordinated development in Jiangsu as a regional entity.For cities in northern Jiangsu facing major development opportunities,their functional transformation requires long-term value and targeting.In the near future,key central cities must be given priority for development to foster regional economic growth pole.Based on characteristic industries and new-comer's advantages,the government can promote leap-forward development of urban industries in northern Jiangsu.The government should also bridge the geographical gap between southern and northern regions to build the provincial commonwealth of urban development by integrating north and south.Household registration reform can lead the process of accelerated urbanization of rural residents.


Yale University chemists have come up with a method for screening libraries of catalysts that promises to be simpler and less expensive than the high-tech methods previously demonstrated (CE July 27, page 49). The new method, developed by chemistry professor Robert H. Crabtree and coworkers, uses reactive dyes that change color when they undergo a catalytic reaction. The most active catalyst candidates should cause the most rapid color change, which can be detected visually. The idea, says Crabtree, comes from enzyme reactions, which have long been monitored by observing the formation of colored products. In their preliminary report on this approach, Crabtree and coworkers Alan C. Cooper, Lenore H. McAlexander, Dong-Heon Lee, and Matthew T. Torres have focused on dyes that undergo catalytic hydrosilation at room temperature [ J. Am. Chem. Soc. , published Sept. 11 ASAP, http://pubs.acs.org/journals/jacsat/]. They prepared dyes consisting of an electron-donating group linked to an ele...


6 7 Jonas Spaak, George Tomlinson, Cheri McGowan, George J. Soleas, 8 9 Beverley L. Morris, Peter Picton, Catherine F. Notarius, and John S. Floras 10 11 12 University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital Division of Cardiology, Department of 13 Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 14 15 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, 16 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 17 18 Quality Assurance Laboratory, Liquor Control Board of Ontario, Canada 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 For: AJP – Heart and Circulatory Physiology – Research Article 27 28 Running Head: Red wine, ethanol and heart rate variability 29 30 Word Count: 5610 (total) 31 32 Correspondence: Dr. Jonas Spaak 33 Department of Cardiology 34 Danderyd University Hospital 35 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden 36 37 Email: email@example.com (may be published) 38 Fax: +46 8 6226810 39 Phone: +46 8 6557685 40 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol (April 23, 2010). doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00700.2009


This paper presents test results on a new model of pulsed EIK amplifier operating at 263 GHz targeting applications in advanced weather radar, DNP enhancement of NMR systems and visual imaging for homeland security. This EIK delivered an output power greater than 70 watts, gain of over 30dB and a -3dB bandwidth greater than 1000 MHz.


The purpose of the study was to search for a means of diminishing the plight of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and to test the hypothesis that central to the pathogenesis of CFS is a cholinergic defect. Forty-nine patients who fulfilled consensus criteria for CFS were treated with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, galanthamine hydrobromide. Thirty-nine patients finished the study according to the protocol with 43% reporting 50% improvement in fatigue, myalgia and sleep and 70% reporting 30% improvement whereas patients in the placebo group reported only 10% improvement in the same parameters of CFS. The improvement of patients on galanthamine was in most cases gradual and reached significance for the group only after four to eight weeks. The improvement was stable, and no patients who reported over 50% improvement on galanthamine relapsed to a pretrial level of any symptom. One of the most surprising effects was the dramatic improvement of sleep disturbances that occurred in most patients ...


Abstract The distorted Born approximation is used to calculate the bistatic scattering coefficients from a layer of sparsely distributed discrete dielectric scatterers over a random interface. After specializing to the backscatter case, the scattering coefficient is determined as a sum of direct, direct reflected and interface scatter contributions. The direct reflected term contains contributions from the average interface and the interface fluctuations. These direct reflected terms include both incoherent and coherent or enhancement terms. The results are applied to backscattering from a mature hemlock forest over a roughened ground. The model results show that the direct reflected surface fluctuation terms give the dominant contribution to backscatter at P band and are equal in magnitude to the volume scatter at L band. Use of these new results brings the model predictions and experimental results into agreement.


The current study examines whether the recidivism trajectories post-prison release for post-sex offender registration and community notification (SORN) sex offenders are similar to or different from the recidivism trajectories post-prison release for post-SORN non-sex offenders who are released from prison via parole. Furthermore, this study also focuses on whether or not a series of collateral consequences are experienced similarly or differently among these post-SORN sex and post-SORN non-sex offender parolees. Using random samples of 247 post-SORN sex offenders and 250 post-SORN non-sex offenders released from prison in New Jersey via parole, the results indicate that sex offender and non-sex offender trajectories are similar with the exception being that there is a higher prevalence of non-sex offenders who exhibit a high-risk trajectory. Additional results demonstrate that, although sex offenders and non-sex offenders share the experience of collateral consequences, several collateral consequences including not living with friends, living in group facilities, and residential relocation appear to differentially impact sex offenders post-prison release. Study limitations and policy implications are also discussed.


"Desertification"is a catastrophic phonomena companying with the avalanche,landslide and de-bris flow in the southern mountainous valleies in China.Its geographic landscape is very similar to thegobi and desert in the northern China.The authors take the Xiaojiang River Basin in Yunnan Provinceas an example,by the field investigation and research from the combination of theory and practice,toanalyze the formative process,type and characteristics as well as contermeasures,so as to arouse thepeople's attention to this kind of catastrophic phonomena.


Background:
 Identifying circulating proteins associated with healthy dietary patterns may offer novel insights into the key biological processes underlying diet-related chronic disease. As a first step toward achieving this goal, we examined the relations between a proteomic score of healthy dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

 Methods:
 We evaluated up to 1713 Framingham Offspring Study participants (1991-1995, mean age 54yr, 55% women) who had plasma proteins assayed using the SomaLogic platform and diet assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We regressed three healthy dietary pattern indices (Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension [DASH], and Mediterranean-style diet) on 103 diet-related proteins using elastic net regression (separate model for each diet index) with a 10-fold cross-validation (CV). Protein selection was based on the minimum mean CV error. A proteomic score was created by summing (concentration*β coefficient) of selected proteins, and validated in 862 Framingham Third Generation Cohort participants (2008-2011, mean age 46yr, 56% women). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to relate the proteomic score and dietary pattern indices (separate models) to CVD in participants free of CVD (n=2459). All models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and lipid medication use. Additional models adjusted for 1) both the proteomic score and dietary pattern indices and 2) body mass index, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

 Results:
 Across three dietary patterns, 11 proteins characterized the proteomic score. Partial correlations of the proteomic score with the healthy dietary patterns ranged from r=0.33-0.36 (adjusted for age, sex, and total energy) in the validation sample, with the strongest correlation for the DASH index. Over a mean follow-up of 20 years, 510 participants developed CVD. Adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and lipid medication, a 1-SD unit increase in the proteomic score was associated with a 22% lower risk of CVD (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.78 [0.72, 0.84]) and a 1-SD unit increase in the DASH index was associated with a 15% lower risk of CVD (hazard ratio 0.85 [0.77, 0.93). In mutually-adjusted models, relations of the proteomic score with CVD (0.80 [0.73, 0.87]), and of the DASH index with CVD were maintained (0.89 [0.82, 0.97]). Upon further adjustment for metabolic risk factors, relations of the proteomic score and CVD were attenuated (0.96 [0.87, 1.05]), but relations of the DASH index with CVD were unchanged (0.89 [0.80, 0.98]).

 Conclusion:
 We characterized a distinct proteomic score of healthy dietary patterns in a community-based cohort of adults. A healthy diet proteomic score may represent variation in the proteome that influences CVD risk.


In 1992, voters in Oregon defeated a referendum that would have banned triple trailer operations in the state, suggesting that voters perceived benefits from triple trailer operation. This study uses a contingent valuation methodology to obtain an estimate of those perceived benefits. Results indicate annual benefits from triple trailer operation of approximately $130 million per year in Oregon.


Extant research regarding humor appreciation in individuals with autism spectrum disorder has been equivocal. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the severity of autism spectrum disorder characteristics and humor appreciation in typically developing individuals. We hypothesized that the severity of autistic traits would have a U-shaped linear relationship with humor appreciation. Eighty typically developing undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 22 years (Mage = 20.20; SDage = 1.08) were recruited for this study. They were asked to answer 24 statements, devised to measure humor appreciation, in response to a joke stimulus comprising 12 typically funny daily life occurrences (two statements per episode). The participants also responded to the Japanese version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. A significant U-shaped relationship was observed between the severity of autistic traits and appreciation of humor. A similar significant U-shaped relationship was seen between humor appreciation and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient subscales of attention switching, communication, and imagination. Humor appreciation showed no significant U-shaped relationship with the Autism-Spectrum Quotient subscales of social skills and local details. This study identified ways that autistic traits may influence how people appreciate humor. These findings are discussed in relation to cognitive processes underlying humor appreciation.


In federal courts, Federal Rule of Evidence 501 governs all privileges, including the psychotherapist-patient privilege. Unlike many state statutes that explicitly recognize the psychotherapist-patient privilege and define its scope through exceptions, Rule 501 merely directs courts to use their reason and experience to interpret common law principles. Under this vague standard, the federal circuits lack uniformity in their treatment of the psychotherapist-patient privilege. This Comment suggests that Congress should explicitly recognize the privilege and define its scope through exceptions. To support this conclusion, this Comment discusses the justifications for recognizing a psychotherapist-patient privilege, uses the paradigm of formal versus nonformal decisionmaking to examine the difficulties of applying Rule 501 to the privilege, and takes advantage of the specific factual context of state cases to support the establishment of certain exceptions. Evidence rules serve multiple functions. A primary function is to facilitate the search for truth, which is served by a general principle that permits courts to hold witnesses in contempt if they withhold evidence that is relevant to a litigated dispute.2 Yet conflicting functions justify many exceptions to this general principle. The psychotherapiste-patient privilege is one such exception. The privilege conflicts with the truth1. Jack B. Weinstein, Some Diffculties in Devising Rules for Determining Truth in Judicial Trials, 66 Colum. L. Rev. 223, 241-243 (1966). For example, evidence rules encourage people to take subsequent remedial measures, to compromise disputed claims, to obtain liability insurance, and through evidentiary privileges, to establish certain confidential relationships. Robert H. Aronson, The Federal Rules of Evidence: A Model for Improved Evidentiary Decisionmaking in Washington, 54 Wash. L. Rev. 31, 36 (1978). 2. See In re Lifschutz, 467 P.2d 557, 559 (Cal. 1970) (denying the writ of habeas corpus for an imprisoned psychiatrist whom the lower court adjudged in contempt of court for his refusal to provide information on a former patient). 3. This Comment uses the term "psychotherapist" broadly to include all occupations that treat emotional and mental illnesses. Some state statutes include occupations other than psychotherapists, psychiatrists, and psychologists under the "psychotherapist-patient privilege.' Social workers; psychiatric nurses; counselors of rape victims; battered women; and drug and alcohol abusers; as well as school guidance counselors and marital and family counselors arguably perform the same functions as psychotherapists. See Catharina J.H. Dubbelday, Comment, The Psychotherapist-Client Testimonial Privilege: Defining the Professional Involved, 34 Emory L.L 777 (1985). Whether or not a state extends a privilege to a particular profession commonly depends on whether the state has strict licensing requirements for that profession. See, e.g., Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 33.18237 (West 1993) ("A psychologist licensed or allowed to use the title under this part ... shall not be compelled to disclose confidential information.. . ."); Md. Cts. & Jud. Proc. Code Ann. § 9-109 (1993) (extending the psychiatrist-patient privilege to psychiatric nurses who are certified in psychiatric and mental health nursing by the American Nurses' Association). Washington Law Review Vol. 7,:153, 1995 finding process, but does so in order to promote two goals. One goal is to foster relationships between psychotherapists and their patients, thus promoting the effective treatment of mental and emotional conditions A second goal is to protect privacy. During litigation, the psychotherapist-patient privilege protects witnesses from the public disclosure of deeply personal thoughts and feelings communicated to psychotherapists for the purpose of treatment. Patients who assert the privilege may refuse to testify about communications made within the course of treatment, and they may prohibit their psychotherapists from testifying about the communications.6 As the patient's agent, the psychotherapist may claim the privilege on the patient's behalf.7 In many jurisdictions the psychotherapist is ethically bound to do so.' As enacted, Rule 501 reads in part: Except as otherwise required by the Constitution of the United States or provided by Act of Congress or in rules prescribed by the Supreme Court pursuant to statutory authority, the privilege of a witness, person, government, State, or political subdivision thereof shall be governed by the principles of the common law as they may be interpreted by the courts of the United States in ihe light of reason and experience. 9 4. Consistent with current methods of treatment, the definition for "rental or emotional condition" in some statutes includes addiction to drugs or alcohol. See, e.g., Proposed Rule of Evidence 504 (Advisory Committee's Note) (including drug abuse in order to be consistent with the definition of "drug dependent person" in 42 U.S.C. § 201(q)). 5. Harvard Law Review Association, Developments in the Law: Privileged Communications, 98 Harv. L. Rev. 1450, 1547 (1985). 6. See 8 John H. Wigmore, Wigmore on Evidence § 2381 (McNaughton rev. 1961) (stating that the objective behind the attorney-client, husband-wife, and physician-patient privileges is to forbid compulsory disclosure by the person to whom the confidential communication was made). 7. Id. § 2321 (explaining common law principles on privileges in the context of the attorney-client privilege). 8. See, e.g., Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 2263 (peering 1992); Calif. Evid. Code Ann. § 1014 (West 1994); see also Wash. Rev. Code § 18.83.121 (1994). 9. Fed. R. Evid. 501 (emphasis added). The remainder of Rule 501 addlresses choice of law problems between state and federal courts: "However, in civil actions and proceedings, with respect to an element of a claim or defense as to which State law supplies the rule of decision, the privilege of a witness, person, government, State, or political subdivision thereof shall be determined in accordance with State law." For an explanation of how Congress addressed ,hoice of law issues in Rule 501, see generally 2 Jack B. Weinstein & Margaret A. Berger, Weinstei, 's Evidence at 501-2501-30 (1977). Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege Congress adopted a flexible, nonformal standard for Rule 501, and thus avoided the difficult choices between promoting the search for truth and granting privileges to select occupational groups. 0 In contrast with state rules explicitly recognizing the psychotherapistpatient privilege,1 Rule 501 fails to recognize any privilege explicitly, does not establish exceptions, and thus provides little guidance for the federal courts. Some circuits interpret Rule 501 as prohibiting them from recognizing any privilege not recognized in the common law during, or prior to, the time that Congress enacted the Federal Rules of Evidence. Rule 501, however, provides that privileges are to be governed by common law principles as they "may" be interpreted by the federal courts, rather than as they "have been" or "were" interpreted in the past. Therefore, other circuits interpret Rule 501 as empowering them to recognize new privileges, including the relatively recent psychotherapistpatient privilege. This Comment discusses the federal circuits' inconsistent application of Rule 501 to the psychotherapist-patient privilege, and uses the paradigm of formal versus nonformal decisionmaking to conclude that Congress should enact a specific federal rule to encourage uniformity among the federal circuits. The provisions of a new federal rule should be based on the justifications for the privilege. These justifications support not only recognition of the privilege, but also the establishment of exceptions in certain circumstances. I. JUSTIFICATIONS FOR THE PSYCHOTHERAPIST-PATIENT PRIVILEGE Two main theories justify the psychotherapist-patient privilege-the traditional theory formulated by an authority on evidence law, the late Professor John H. Wigmore, and the modem privacy theory. 2 Although some modem courts do not adhere strictly to Wigmore's justification for 10. See William L. Hungate, An Introduction to the Proposed Rules of Evidence, 32 Fed. Bar J. 225,229 (1975). 11. See, e.g., Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 32-2085 (1993); Ark. Code § 17-96-105 (Michie 1987); Calif. Evid. Code Ann. § 1014 (West 1994); Md. Code Ann., Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 9-109 (1993); Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 4732.19 (Anderson 1993); 42 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5944 (1994); S.C. Code Ann. § 40-75-160 (Law. Co-op. 1991); Wilson v. Bonner, 303 S.E.2d 134, 142 (Ga. App. 1983); Carson v. Jackson, 466 So. 2d 1188, 1190 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1985); Matter of Atkins, 316 N.W.2d 477, 483-484 (Mich. Ct. App. 1982); Usen v. Usen, 269 N.E.2d 442, 444 (Mass. 1971). 12. See generally Harvard Law Review Association, supra note 5, at 1472-1486 (critiquing Wigmore's theory and discussing alternative modes of analysis). Washington Law Review privileges, his influence remains. 13 Professor Wigmore fornulated a test to determine whether a privilege should be adopted. The: test is made up of four conditions that focus on societal, in addition to individual, interests.' 4 According to Wigmore's test, a relationship must meet all four conditions before the parties to the relationship should be permitted to withhold relevant evidence:1 5 (1) The communications must originate in a confidence that they will not be disclosed. (2) This element of confidentiality must be essential to the full and satisfactory maintenance oF the relation between the parties. (3) The relation must be one which in the opinion of the community ought to be sedulouslyfostzred. (4) The injury that would inure to the relation by the disclosure of the communications must be greater than the benefit thereby gained for the correct disposal of litigation. 6 In most situations, the relationship between psych


Mass concentrations of birds, or lack of such, is a phenomenon of great ecological and domestic significance. Apart from being and indicator for e.g. food availability, ecological change and population size, it is also a source of conflict between humans and birds. Moreover, massive gatherings or colonies of birds also get the attention of the public -- either as a spectacular phenomenon or as an unwelcome pest -- thereby forming the public perception of birds and their abundance. In the context of the mass concentration of bramblings (Fringilla montifringilla) in Sweden the winter 2019-2020, this work reviews the literature on this striking phenomenon. Winter roosts are found to amount to on the order of one million birds per hectare of roost area, but the spread between reports is significant. Support for roosts of up to around 15 million birds was found, but much larger numbers are frequently recited in the literature. It is argued that these larger numbers are the result of overestimation or, in some cases, even completely unfounded (potentially typos). While the difficulties related to the count of large numbers of birds can explain this state, it is unfortunate that "high numbers" sometimes displace proper numbers. Since incorrect data, and its persistence, may result in that incorrect conclusions are drawn from new observations, this matter deserves attention. As the Brambling is a well-studied species, the matter also raises concerns regarding numbers for mass concentrations of other species. It is recommended that very large numbers of birds should be recited and used with care: underlying data and methods of the original sources should be scrutinized. Analogously, reporters of large numbers of birds are advised to describe and document counting methods. In particular, number estimates based on flock volume and bird density should be avoided.


A Foucauldian feminist theoretical perspective was selected to examine female flashing behavior and male audience response within the microenvironment of a college homecoming celebration. Data were collected using ethnographic fieldwork techniques in the midst of sometimes near-riot conditions in a blocked-off street in the bar district adjoining the campus. Additional qualitative research methods included participant observation, interviews with male and female participants and observers, analysis of police videotapes, and interviews with police officers. Interpretive results supported the expanding of Kennedy's definition of provocative dress to include body-revealing behaviors when practiced within social contexts. Analysis further indicated that flashing within this microenvironment served to reinforce patterns of hegemonic male sexuality focused on sexual objectification of women rather than serving to challenge male-centered sexuality through an expression of female sexual agency.


(-)-Cannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabinoid, which has unique pharmacological and biological activities.The aim of this study was to determine the CBD, cannabidiolic (CBDA), and canabigerolic acids (CBGA) content in parts of industrial hemp that are possible waste material in the production of hemp fiber, and could be used for CBD extraction. Two hemp varieties were sampled at the full-flowering stage, and at the ripening stage. The lyophilised material (leaves, roots, stems, and inflorescences/seeds) was extracted with ethylacetate and analyzed by HPLC. Hemp inflorescences and leaves are the most important source of CBD. CBDA and CBGA are the dominant compounds in these plant parts. They are the precursors of CBD. The CBD level is dependent on the variety and the environmental conditions. Dry cool weather with lower solar intensity increased the CBD level in 'Bialobrzeskie' - a monoecious variety potentially suitable as a material for CBD extraction with heat decarboxylation due to the high CBDA, CBGA, and CBD levels in the leaves and inflorescences.


In 2002, the third generation of the EU's support programme for the European film industry, the MEDIA Plus Programme, was launched. Despite 12 years of integrated efforts, European cinema still does not seem to be able to compete with its American peers. This led us to question the effectiveness and strategy of MEDIA Plus. As we point out in our analysis, the present approach addresses the film industry's symptoms rather than its problems. We draw the conclusion that the lines of action taken by MEDIA Plus may well have counterproductive outcomes as they are not designed to overcome the structural fragmentation that holds back the industry. Possible corrections to MEDIA's strategy are then outlined.


e19064 Background: Advances in systemic treatment have substantially improved the overall survival of advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients, and risk of brain metastases(BM) is higher. The survival of patients with symptomatic BM is poor. The identification of NSCLC patients with a high risk of developing BM would enable pre-emptive intervention to improve the outcome. Methods: A total of 53 biopsies of primary lung tumor adenocarcinoma stage IV treatment-naive were analyzed for gene expression profiling using Affymetrix HuGene 1.0 ST and were processed in R using Bioconductor libraries. All patients were evaluated with brain MRI at diagnosis with a 3-month follow-up for BM development. Patients were classified into two groups: early-BM( 6 months). A second independent cohort of 55 patients was analyzed to validate the gene expression signature (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00862173). Results: Samples were classified as early-BM(17) and late-BM(6), the remainder 30 never developed BM....


An experiment on the biology of guava bark eating caterpillar (Indarbela tetraonis Moore) was conducted during 2012-13 at College of Horticulture, Bidar. Eggs were 0.67 to 0.73 mm long and 0.42 to 0.46 mm wide and they hatched in 7 to 11 days. Full grown larvae were 37 to 43 mm long and 6 to 8 mm wide. Larval duration was 274 to 298 days. Pupae were 11 to 15 mm long and 4 to 6 mm wide and the pupal period was 21 to 26 days. Male adult had wing span of 11 to 13 mm length and width of 20 to 24 mm. Female adult had wing span of 12 to 14 mm and width of 25 to 27 mm, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC registered 100 percent control of the pest and highest yield of 24.85 t/ha and 25.00 t/ha during 2013 and 2014, respectively


The HRGB method is an alternative to Fourier and back projection techniques for image reconstruction from k-space or I&Q SAR datasets. The method is highly parallelizable, and does not rely on interpolation. The resulting images can thus be computed quickly, with accuracy exceeding back projection techniques. The HRGB method has been shown to be particularly suitable to trapezoidal/keystone SAR grids. The present paper discusses the HRGB method as applied to polar-grid SAR image reconstruction, such as for spotlight SAR and ViSAR. The discussion includes steps for 3D wavefront curvature compensation.


How do academic staff, including innovators in teaching and learning, perceive the reality of a 'culture' in their organisation? The concept of 'organisational culture', commonly used from the 1980s, is discussed in the context of evidence from a research project and other sources, suggesting that the concept has failed to reflect the dual position of academics in their disciplinary and institutional contexts, the former of which is generally the determining factor in most academics' conception of their identities. Although 'culture' and 'subcultures' can be used with disciplines and departments acting as their proxies, 'organisational culture'--that is 'culture' applied to higher education institutions as such--has no basis in the day-to-day operation of most academic staff in most institutions.


The French state-owned chemical and explosives firm SNPE is denying a recent report that it is involved in the illegal sale of 99% unsymmetric dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), a missile fuel, and ammonium perchlorate, an oxidizer for solid propellant missiles, to Iraq. The denial comes in response to accusations in an editorial by syndicated columnist William Safire in the March 13 New York Times. Safire did not re veal the source of his information, writing that he has been "poking around for only about a week, starting with data originating from an Arab source. "Bernard Roussel, SNPE's vice president of communications, provided C&EN with details to support the firm's claim. Roussel says SNPE formerly manufactured UDMH for the European civilian rocket,Ariane 4, and as a raw material for daminozide, an agricultural chemical. However, production was halted two years ago when the Ariane U program was terminated.The Ariane 5 uses no UDMH, he says. Ammonium perchlorate is ...


The invention discloses a display mechanism for power reserve. The display mechanism for power reserve includes a strip axle, a first power storage gear, a second power storage gear part, a first power indication pointer gear, a second power indication pointer gear part, a first power indication gear, a first rocker panel, a second power indication gear part, hour gear parts, a display disk and a base plate part, wherein the first power storage gear sleeves the strip axle, and engages with the second power storage gear part; a power indication marking disk is arranged on the first power indication pointer gear; the first power indication pointer gear is arranged on an axle sleeve of the second power indication pointer gear part; the second power storage gear part engages with the first power indication pointer gear; a double hour gear part engages with the second power indication gear part; the second power indication gear part engages with the first power indication gear; and the first power indication gear engages with the second power indication pointer gear part. The display mechanism for power reserve has the advantages of being simple in structure and effectively reducing the cost of assembling and maintenance in the later period, as the display mechanism for power reserve uses the ordinary gear train transmission to realize power reserve display.


Author(s): Preisendorfer, Rudolph W | Abstract: Report No. 5-1. Contract NObs-72039. The observable reflectance function, sometimes called the "up-down ratio," for natural light in the sea is nearly independent of depth within any uniform water-mass or stratum. Even small changes, however, may affect the range at which a downward looking observer can sight an object of very low contrast. This report presents a theoretical s tudy of the variation with depth of the observable reflectance function for natural light in the sea.


In this paper, we propose a recursive algorithm and a parallel algorithm for constructing independent spanning trees in ANn. The main ideas of the recursive algorithm are to construct large trees from small trees, use triangle breadth-first search (TBFS) to build a frame of an IST, and use breadth-first search (BFS) to link the rest of the nodes. The main ideas of the parallel algorithm are to build frames through TBFS in parallel, and to use the specific rules to link the rest of the nodes in parallel. We prove the correctness of both algorithms for constructing ISTs in AN n . Both algorithms are accurate; furthermore, the parallel algorithm is more ecient than the recursive algorithm. (An extended abstract of this paper appeared in: Jie-Fu Huang and Sun-Yuan Hsieh 'Two methods for constructing independent spanning trees in alternating group networks' Proceedings of International Conference on Creative Lifestyle Computing (ICCLC), 2020.)


Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) is implicated in numerous pathologies, including multiple sclerosis and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the exact mechanism by which IL‐1 is involved in the generation of pathogenic T cells and in disease development remains largely unknown. We found that following EAE induction, pertussis toxin administration leads to IL‐1 receptor type 1 (IL‐1R1)‐dependent IL‐1β expression by myeloid cells in the draining lymph nodes. This myeloid‐derived IL‐1β did not vitally contribute to the generation and plasticity of Th17 cells, but rather promoted the expansion of a GM‐CSF+ Th17 cell subset, thereby enhancing its encephalitogenic potential. Lack of expansion of GM‐CSF‐producing Th17 cells led to ameliorated disease in mice deficient for IL‐1R1 specifically in T cells. Importantly, pathogenicity of IL‐1R1‐deficient T cells was fully restored by IL‐23 polarization and expansion in vitro. Therefore, our data demonstrate that IL‐1 functions as a mitogenic mediator of encephalitogenic Th17 cells rather than qualitative inducer of their generation.


After 24 months of continuous measurement operation, this report analyses the measurement results that have been recorded across five solar measurement stations in Vietnam. Measurement stations of type tier 1 and 2 measure solar irradiance based on thermopile pyranometer and rotating shadowband irradiometer. The solar measurement report covers the data recorded by the measurement station from 24 September 2017 through 30 November 2019. The solar measurement results are analyzed regarding their relevance to photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) power output. Solar measurement analysis comprises: quality checks (QC) results; seasonal and diurnal characteristics of global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI); soiling measurement analysis; temperature, humidity, and (if available) precipitation; wind measurements; and measurement statistics. The report will conclude with a comparison of monthly irradiance for all five sites.


To enhance the ability of electronic warfare equipment to recognize signals,resemblance coefficient method was proposed to extract features from radar emitter signals,and support vector machine(SVM) was introduced to identify different signals automatically.Resemblance coefficient features have good stability and discriminability.SVM has good characteristics of simple structure,global optimum and strong generalization ability.Experimental results show that the introduced approach for recognizing radar emitter signals using resemblance coefficient and SVM is superior to the conventional ones.It works effectively in a large range of noise to signal ratio(5 to 20 dB) with the recognition error rate being as low as 2.68%.


The timescape cosmology has been proposed as a viable alternative to homogeneous cosmologies with dark energy. It realises cosmic acceleration as an apparent effect that arises in calibrating average cosmological parameters in the presence of spatial curvature and gravitational energy gradients that grow large with the growth of inhomogeneities at late epochs. Recently Kwan, Francis and Lewis have claimed that the timescape model provides a relatively poor fit to the Union and Constitution super


Heliotropium indicum Linn., commonly known as 'Indian heliotrope' is very common in India with a long antiquity of traditional medicinal uses in many countries in the world. It is herb with pale violet flowers belonging to the family Boraginaceae. . It is distributed in the tropical and temperate regions of the world and found throughout India .In folk medicine history, the plants of genus Heliotropium include treatments of inflammations, gout, rheumatism, skin diseases, menstrual disorder, and poisonous bites. Now the plant is reported to possess antibacterial, antitumor, uterine stimulant effect, antifertility, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and diuretic activities. . A large number of extracts and bioactive constituents of different species of genus Heliotropium revealed significant biological activities .A few number of chemical investigations have been performed on this plant, as for example, pyrrolizidine alkaloids and other chemical compounds like Indicine-N-Oxide, Tannins, Saponins and Heliotrine were also isolated from this plant


ThispaperassessesthepotentialeconomicimpactsofIntegratedAgriculturalResearchforDevelopment(IAR4D) conceived to address observed low productivity, prevailing poverty level, slow growth and general underperformance of the agricultural sector associated with the traditional agricultural and rural development (ARD) approach. The economic surplus analysissuggestedthatIAR4Dresearchandextension,withrespecttomaizeproduction,couldachievereturnsrangingfrom30to 38 per cent and a maximum adoption of 25 to 50 per cent for the conservative and baseline scenario, respectively. Similarly, with the same range of maximum adoption, the approach could yield returns ranging from 22 to 29 per cent for the conservative and baseline scenario, respectively in millet production. However, the same range of adoption could result in 29 to 37 per cent for the conservativeandbaselinescenario,respectivelyinsorghumproduction.Theestimatedbenefitsaresensitivetoexpectedadoption rates but much less so to changes in research and extension costs. However, the estimates indicate that the production of all the crops was socially profitable under the IAR4D option. Our results were consistent with earlier economic analyses which showed that IAR4D was more productive, profitable and acceptable to farmers than the conventional Research for Development (R&D) approach.


A lateral flight control design for a flexible aircraft is presented. It is based on a standard two-input two-output problem formalism and H2 synthesis. The proposed approach consists of two steps. The first step deals with the synthesis of a dynamic output feedback satisfying modal specifications on the rigid modes, stability requirements on the structure and performance robustness with respect to
the various loading cases. The originality in the synthesis setup we propose lies in the fact that it combines eigenstructure assignment,H2 frequency domain synthesis and parametric robustness design. The second step uses a recent theoretical result to transform a given compensator into an linear quadratic gaussian (LQG) compensator involving a judiciously selected on-board model. The two degree of freedom compensator thus obtained allows time domain specifications in response to the pilot's commands to be met satisfactorily.We provide a detailed discussion of the approach together with the aircraft models used and corresponding closed-loop analysis.


Massive gas hydrates have been observed around the gas chimney structures, excess gas accumulation is responsible for the rapid formation of gas hydrates near the seafloor. Although the dissociation of gas hydrates results in the dilution of pore water due to the release of fresh water from the hydrate crystals, rapid formation of gas hydrates can enclose saline pore waters excluded from the crystals. The in situ pore water geochemistry in the subseafloor environments in the gas hydrate area reflects the dynamic history of formation/dissociation of gas hydrates. We have conducted geochemical analyses of pore waters collected from the shallow gas hydrate occurrences along the eastern margin of the Japan Sea during the PS15 expedition in order to show the geochemical models of shallow gas hydrate formation system. Although concentrations of chloride dissolved in pore waters are close to the seawater of ~560 mM at the sites where no or small amount of gas hydrates accumulates, those at the dense massive gas hydrate sites are often increased; reaching >1400 mM in the highly gas hydrate accumulated intervals. These high chloride intervals locate in shallower depths at the higher methane flux sites. Our results indicate that the pore water geochemistry is often modified in response to the formation dynamics of massive gas hydrates near the seafloor. This study was conducted as a part of the shallow methane hydrate exploration project of METI.


Introduced several separation methods on lignin in wheat straw material,residual lignin in the pulp,dissolved lignin in the liquid;detailed discussed the application of the UV、IR、NMR spectroscopy in the study of lignin structure.


This article discusses the legal and constitutional feasibility of granting military forces judicial police powers in exceptional circumstances, limited and transitory, solely in support of the Attorney General's Office to perform this function in places whose geography is analyzed, weather and public order conditions, preclude the entry of Technical Investigation.


One of the crucial activities of today's world electricity research groups is the investigation of the modeling possibility of the international grids on the concepts of the Supergrids and the Globalgrid. The European Supergrid Concept is one of the concepts in this respect. The solar power is one of the important renewable energy resource in the European Supergrid Concept. The concentrated solar power technology is one of the solar power technologies amongst the solar power technologies. The engineering, procuring, constructing and operating of the very large concentrated solar power plants in the European Supergrid Concept shall be one of the ways to escape from the consumption of fossil fuels. This paper performs an experimental one node Mamdani type fuzzy rule base evaluation approach or application for the go/no-go decisions to the geospatial investigation studies of the regions of the very large concentrated solar power plants in the European Supergrid Concept.


Thin films of aluminum oxide were deposited on silicon wafers at low temperature by remote microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using an oxygen plasma and a mixture of trimethylaluminum and argon injected in the afterglow. Although the pressure and the total flow rate were low (respectively 2 Pa and 178 sccm), the deposition rate was high (250 nm.min -1 ) and the films contained only hydrogen as impurity. The most influential parameter on the quality of the film was the temperature which had to reach 550°C to obtain good quality films. A lower pressure made possible a better desorption of the by-products which induced a higher deposition rate and a lower etch rate in a 2%wt hydrofluoric acid solution. In the standard conditions, in presence of a large excess of oxygen (oxygen/trimethylaluminum>18), the trimethylaluminum precursor was fully transformed. The quality of the coatings was almost independent on the microwave power.


The operation of a complex accelerator system such as LEP or the future LHC at CERN demands automatic and standard controls to make it easy to use and reliable in all circumstances. A class of beam manipulations is the steering in the various machines and transfer channels. An algorithm has been devised to satisfy the required condition of genericity. It is based on a least squares method and yields a correction system which is not necessarily well conditioned in a usual operational environment where correctors and monitors may be either missing or redundant. The algorithm has been coded in Mathematica and implemented in the CERN PS control system. It is called through the MathLink protocol by an application program linked to standard beam position measurement software. With this technique, the development of the algorithm and its linkage to the control system are fully de-coupled. The application will become generic as soon as the magnetic and optical parameters will be loaded in data bases.


Essay writing activity is not so difficult a task to do as students think. On the contrary, it is so interesting to work that improves