Related research materials indicates that only 12% of the normal college graduates are willing to promise to teach throughout their lives. Oppressed of teaching moral integrity for avoiding teacher status and ethics orientation of "non-professionalization tendency" exist among many normal college graduates nowadays. This kind of professional belief crisis of normal college graduates has close relations with random and scattered ethics education in current normal colleges, according to the writer. Then, how do we establish correct belief in the teaching profession for graduates of normal colleges?芽 The writer tries to carry out serious discussions on this issue from several aspects including the cultivating of teacher's professional feeling of "Love to Educate", the founding of education belief in "Love", reforming course content and teaching procedures of education in normal colleges, and constructing good campus culture.


Photovoltaic modules are on pitched roofs to roof structures (31) of rafters (4) and roof battens (5) to the roof skin (3) penetrating fastening devices (1) fixed as a rigid roof hook. For this purpose, the roof tiles (6) must be reworked, thereby extinguished warranty claims, and the roofing (3) is jeopardized by pressure forces of wind and snow loads. the rigid roof hook by flexible retaining elements (24), z are in the inventive solution for avoiding these drawbacks. B. ropes (10) or flat strips (22) are replaced. They are also fixed to the roof structure (31), but led out between the roof tiles (6) and the photovoltaic modules (2) directly attached to its frame or track systems it. Advantages over the roof hook solution are faster and easier completion of the fastening device (1) and the elimination of the post-processing of the tiles (6) and thus the elimination of possible personal danger. The roof skin (3) remains undisturbed and the warranty remains. The forces occurring act parallel to the roof skin (3), so that its damage due to compressive forces that occur when wind and snow loads is avoided. In applications of flexible retaining elements (24) with a changed force introduction, the fastening device (1) can be carried out to save material and cost.


The invention discloses a detection method, a detection device and a detection system of ios (iphone operation system) device user permission. The detection method of the ios device user permission comprises the steps of detecting a local file of an ios device; judging whether a file identical with the local file exists in a preset document library or not, wherein a file representing open ios device user permission is stored in the preset document library; determining the open user permission of the ios device under the condition of judging the fact that the file identical with the local file exists in the preset document library. By using the detection method, the detection device and the detection system of the ios device user permission, the problems that the detection mode of the ios device user permission is more complicated and the accuracy is lower in the prior art are solved, and the effects of simplifying detection steps and improving detection efficiency and accuracy are thus achieved.


1.1 Comparing SP Graphs with HOI Graphs While our definition of SP graphs are inspired by the notion of HOI graphs, we discuss two major differences in this section. First, in the HOI detection task, an image shows how people physically interact with objects from a third-person view. In an HOI graph, depending on the number of detected objects, there could be multiple human nodes and object nodes; and edges could be densely generated such that the whole graph is a complete graph. In contrast, in an SP graph, a panoramic image corresponds to the first-person view of an observer who does not explicitly show up in the image. Instead of modeling physical human-object contacts, we model the observer's visual interaction with objects by perceiving his surroundings, which fits with our notion of scene perception. Therefore, edges are only generated for human-object pairs. Second, HOI graphs relies on visual features (e.g., visual representations of human gestures and object shapes) extracted from RGB images using convolutional neural networks to classify the types of interactive activities between people and objects. While visual features could capture low-level visual details, in SP graphs, we propose to use high-level semantic features, which allow our method to work in more general cases. In our implementation, we use the category features and depth features for general and robust representations of SP graphs.


In underground (UG) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), transmit beamforming is used to focus energy in the desired direction. There are three different paths in the underground soil medium through which the waves propagate to reach the receiver. When the UG receiver receives a desired data stream only from the desired path, then the UG MIMO channel becomes a three-path (lateral, direct, and reflected) interference channel. Accordingly, the capacity region of the UG MIMO three-path interference channel, and the degrees of freedom (multiplexing gain of this MIMO channel) requires careful modeling. Therefore, expressions are required for the degrees of freedom of the UG MIMO interference channel. The underground receiver needs to perfectly cancel the interference from the three different components of the EM waves propagating in the soil medium. This concept is based upon reducing the interference of the undesired components to a minimum level at the UG receiver using the receive beamforming. In this paper, underground environment-aware MIMO using transmit and receive beamforming has been developed. The optimal transmit and receive beamforming, combining vectors under minimal intercomponent interference constraints, are derived. It is shown that UG MIMO performs best when all three components of the wireless UG channel are leveraged for beamforming. The environment-aware UG MIMO technique leads to three-fold performance improvements and paves the way for design and development of next-generation sensor-guided irrigation systems in the field of digital agriculture. Based on the analysis of underground radio-wave propagation in subsurface radio channels, a phased-array antenna design is presented that uses water content information and beam-steering mechanisms to improve efficiency and communication range of wireless underground communications. It is shown that the subsurface beamforming using phased-array antennas improves wireless underground communications by using the array element optimization and soil–air interface refraction adjustment schemes. This design is useful for subsurface communication system where sophisticated sensors and software systems are used as data collection tools that measure, record, and manage spatial and temporal data in the field of digital agriculture.


A multivariate projection of ocean surface data onto subsurface fields is presented. The method is applied to the projection of sea surface height and sea surface temperature anomalies onto the three dimensional temperature field. The results are compared to the conventional univariate regression between sea surface height and the underlying temperature structure.


The Malaysian oil palm industry is a major sector that plays an important role in supporting Malaysia's economy. This industry faced huge challenges to increase oil palm yields due to the limited land area for oil palm cultivation and the basal stem rot (BSR) disease that attacks oil palm. Chemical fertilizers and chemical fungicides have been used to overcome these problems, but the results have not been satisfactory. Thus, biological approaches using beneficial microorganism such as arbuscular mycorrhiza and Trichoderma harzianum, could be another alternative to complement the role of conventional fertilizers and fungicides. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and T. harzianum have been well known as plant growth enhancer and protector against diseases in various plant species. Therefore, both of these fungi were used in the present study to determine their effects on oil palm. The objectives of this study were: i) to compare the effects of AM and T. harzianum (isolate FA 1132) as single and mixed inoculums on oil palm growth in nursery trial, ii) to compare the effects of AM and T. harzianum (isolate FA 1132) as single and mixed inoculums on growth of oil palms in the field, and iii) to compare the effects of AM and T. harzianum (isolate FA 1132) as single and mixed inoculums to suppress basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm seedlings. Three different studies were conducted
to fulfill these objectives. Experiment 1 was conducted in a nursery trial with seven treatments, which were single AM species (SAM), multiple AM species (MAM), Trichoderma harzianum (isolate FA 1132) infused-compost (TC), mixture of SAM with TC (SAM+TC), mixture of MAM with TC (MAM+TC), chemical fertilizers (F)and the control (C). Oil palm vegetative parameters were observed six times over 24
weeks. Leaf and soil samples were analyzed for chemical nutrients. Experiment 2 was conducted under field conditions at Mungka plantation, Segamat, Johore. There were five treatments, which were MAM, TC, MAM+TC, F and C. Vegetative growth parameters were observed every six weeks until week 30. Leaf and soil samples were also analyzed for chemical nutrients. Experiment 3, the disease resistance study, was conducted in a glasshouse with oil palms artificially infected with Ganoderma boninense. Seven treatments as in Experiment 1 were given after the artificial infection. Trichoderma harzianum (isolate FA 1132) infused-compost (TC) oil palms showed the best overall growth performance in Experiment 1. Oil palms receiving TC had the highest mean shoot dry weight (15.74 g), leaf area (1181.65 cm2) and potassium (K) content (2.68 %). Oil palms receiving TC, SAM+TC and MAM+TC also had higher stem girth and frond numbers compared to other treatments. Higher chlorophyll a (2.51 mg g-1), chlorophyll b (0.84 mg g-1) and total chlorophyll (3.35 mg g-1) were also recorded in TC treated oil palms. Application of TC also increased the mean pinnae number (15.30) better than in F and control oil palms. Oil palms treated with TC had higher nitrogen, N (3.79 %) and phosphorus, P (0.14 %) contents. Overall, the performance of the treatments in decreasing order of growth performance in the nursery trial was TC > SAM+TC > MAM+TC > MAM > SAM > F > C. The results of the field trial (Experiment 2) were similar to Experiment 1, and TC treatments gave the best overall growth performance. Oil palms receiving the TC treatment had the best stem girth (80.2 cm), frond length (193.50 cm), pinnae number (112.3) and fruit bunch number (1.90). Higher frond numbers (20.3), chlorophyll a (3.70 mg g-1), chlorophyll b (1.72 mg g-1) and total chlorophyll (5.42 mg g-1) contents were recorded in TC treated oil palms. The contents of N (3.12 %), P (0.26 %), K (2.39 %) and calcium, Ca (0.65 %) recorded were also higher in TC treated oil palms. Overall, the performance of the treatments in decreasing order of growth performance in the field trial was TC > MAM+TC > MAM > F > C. Results of Experiment 3 showed that BSR disease was reduced by 100.00 % in TC treated oil palms, while the reduction was 91.17 % in
 SAM+TC and MAM+TC oil palms. However, oil palms treated with MAM (50.00%) and SAM (43.75 %) had higher percentage of disease severity compared to the oil palms treated with chemical fertilizers (33.30 %). Application of TC and the mixture of AM and TC showed satisfactory results in suppressing BSR disease in oil palms compared to AM inoculum alone. In conclusion, oil palms treated with Trichoderma harzianum (isolate FA 1132) showed the best growth performance both in the nursery and field trials. Trichoderma harzianum (isolate FA 1132) was also an
effective antagonist against Ganoderma boninense that causes BSR disease in oil palm seedlings.


Strategy instruction (SI) has played an essential role in English as a foreign language (EFL). Its usage looks to provide potential benefits for improving learners' strategic competence for lifelong education. However, the current state of research on SI in EFL is fragmented and does not sufficiently elaborate upon the optimal conditions for effectively implementing SI. The present study aims to address this gap by synthesizing existing studies on SI in EFL and employing a systematic literature review using Petticrew and Roberts' (2008) framework. The related 25 articles were selected from databases of Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Scopus, and Google Scholar from 2010 to 2022. The findings indicated that Strategy-based Learning (SBL) is one of the most effective approaches for implementing SI. The factors impacting the effectiveness are also revealed. Finally, this study recommends that future studies should integrate self-regulation into SI research and that the collaborative approach should be conducted by scholars and educators to enhance the efficiency of IS.


The concept of local isotropy in a chemically reacting turbulent wall-jet flow is addressed using direct numerical simulation (DNS) data. Different DNS databases with isothermal and exothermic reactions are examined. The chemical reaction and heat release effects on the turbulent velocity, passive scalar and reactive species fields are studied using their probability density functions (PDF) and higher order moments for velocities and scalar fields, as well as their gradients. With the aid of the anisotropy invariant maps for the Reynolds stress tensor the heat release effects on the anisotropy level at different wall-normal locations are evaluated and found to be most accentuated in the near-wall region. It is observed that the small-scale anisotropies are persistent both in the near-wall region and inside the jet flame. Two exothermic cases with different Damkohler number are examined and the comparison revealed that the Damkohler number effects are most dominant in the near-wall region, where the wall cooling effects are influential. In addition, with the aid of PDFs conditioned on the mixture fraction, the significance of the reactive scalar characteristics in the reaction zone is illustrated. We argue that the combined effects of strong intermittency and strong persistency of anisotropy at the small scales in the entire domain can affect mixing and ultimately the combustion characteristics of the reacting flow.


At this time it has been a lot of research on natural fibers were used as material for textiles. Therefore, the researchers wanted to generate natural material-based medical textile. The objectives and targets will be achieved from this research, is utilizing waste stem of banana post harvest into something more valuable as well as making modeling results done. The research results from this banana trunk fiber as material for the manufacture of baby diapers are environmentally friendly and have a high absorbent against water. This research was conducted with the experimental method to generate optimal achievement, namely by doing the processing post harvest banana stems. The first stage is looking for post harvest banana stems which are usually discarded. The next step is extracting stem of banana leaf into tow fiber, tow fiber processing became the staple through the process of relaxing, washing, cutting and opening. And the end result will be either web (non woven fiber) which will be in the laboratory test on humidity, power and fiber dimensions. Then make the modeling of laboratory test results. From the results of the experiment, the value will be in the predictions is the numeric data. This is usually made as a reference or basis for making the modeling that can predict. The prediction are more focus on the identification of trend of the distribution on the test data generated


The invention discloses a circulating cooling water temperature-control construction method for mass concrete in large temperature difference environments of Qinghai-Tibet plateau areas. The method comprises the following construction processes: selection of raw materials; determination of a working mix proportion; a concrete pouring method; temperature measurement and control techniques of concrete of bearing platforms. According to the circulating cooling water temperature-control construction method for the mass concrete in the large temperature difference environments of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau areas, by virtue of superior structural construction, the cost for repairing fissures is avoided, and finally, relatively good quality effect and economic benefit are achieved; by virtue of the procedure, the procedure crossovers of the procedure are few, the sustainable balanced construction is achieved, and the working period is shortened; by virtue of the construction method, a successful practical experience is provided for the control of fissures in the construction of thick and high-strength mass concrete, and the construction method has obvious social benefit.


Anhydrous ammonia, the most widely used nitrogen (N) fertilizer in production agriculture, can be subject to extensive losses by volatilization if it is not carefully applied. A laboratory exercise was developed for a senior-level soil nutrient management class to help students learn the impact of rate, application depth,andsoiltextureonammonia(NH3)volatilizationfromanhydrous ammonia. Sand and loam soil textures were evaluated at 5-, 10-, and 15-cm application depths and 112 and 224 kg N ha -1 rates of NH3, simulated by reacting ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Soil-retained ammonium (NH4) was measured in a potassium chloride (KCl) extraction of the soil 1 wk after treatment. Students developed a table and graphs that showed trends in NH3 loss with respect to applicationdepth,soiltexture,andfertilizerrate.Lossesranged from 85% for the high N rate applied at 5 cm in sandy soil to 1.0% for the low rate applied at 15 cm in loam soil. The exercise helped students identify causes of NH3 loss associated with anhydrous ammonia application. ANHYDROUS AMMONIA is the most widely used nitrogen (N) fertilizerinproductionagriculturetodaywithmorethan15billionkgproducedannuallyforagriculturaluseintheUSA(The Fertilizer Inst., 2000). Its high N percentage (82%) and relatively low cost make it an important N fertilizer source. A common concern associated with the application of anhydrous ammonia is the loss of N by volatilization. Several factors such as soil pH, soil moisture, soil texture, and depth of application play a large role in the amount of N lost by


(57) Abstract: high sensitivity of multi-stage (MS) mass spectrometer is disclosed. The mass spectrometer, thereby reducing loss of ions during the isolation step. The ions of interest, without reducing the ions of other m / z values, (m / z values only) were isolated, thereby making it possible to dissociate the selected ions, and the remaining the ion collection, subsequent isolation of the fragment ions, can be made available during the dissociation and analysis. One suitable instrument includes a pulsed ion source combined with a linear array of mass selective ion trap device. At least one trap is coupled to an external ion detector. Each ion trap configured with storage cells for distributed ion trap between a pair of protective cells. All of the above pair of protective cells are alignment along the z axis.


Transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG)-defined as the gradient of the contrast agent attenuation drop along the vessel-is an imaging biomarker that indicates stenosis in the coronary arteries. Coupling TAG (or contrast dispersion along the vessel) with fluid dynamics, TAFE (transluminal attenuation flow encoding) equation is a theoretical platform that quantifies blood flow in each coronary artery based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging. However, this theoretical concept has never been validated experimentally. The aim of this proof-of-principle phantom study is to validate TAFE based on CTA imaging. Dynamic CTA images were acquired every 0.5 seconds. The average TAFE estimated flowrates were compared against four predefined pump values in a straight ( 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ml/min) and a tapered phantom (25, 35, 45 and 55 ml/min). Using TAFE formulation with no correction, the flowrates were underestimated by 33% and 81% in the straight and tapered phantoms, respectively. The TAFE formulation was corrected for imaging artifacts focusing on partial volume averaging and radial variation of contrast enhancement. After corrections, the flowrates estimated in the straight and tapered phantoms had an excellent Pearson correlation of r=0.99 and 0.87 (p<0.001), respectively with only a 0.6%?0.2 ml/min difference in estimation of the flowrate. In this proof-of-concept phantom study we corrected the TAFE formulation and showed a good agreement with the actual pump values. Future clinical validations are needed for feasibility of TAFE in clinical use.


The asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-reveromycin A is described which utilizes a Lewis acid catalyzed inverse electron demand hetero-Diels-Alder reaction followed by hydroboration/ oxidation to afford the labile [6,6]-spiroketal core in a highly stereoselective manner. An asymmetric syn-aldol reaction installed the stereochemistry at C4-C5 whilst a Stille cross coupling was utilized to form the C21-C22 bond. The C18 hemisuccinate was formed by high pressure acylation reaction and a final Wittig extension followed by global deprotection with tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave (-)-reveromycin A.


The purpose of this review
is to apply geometric frameworks in identification problems. In contrast to the
qualitative theory of dynamical systems (DSQT), the chaos and catastrophes,
researches on the application of geometric frameworks have not been performed in
identification problems. The direct transfer of DSQT ideas is inefficient through
the peculiarities of identification systems. In this paper, the attempt is made based on the
latest researches in this field. A methodology for the synthesis of geometric
frameworks (GF) is proposed, which reflects
features of nonlinear systems. Methods based on GF analysis are developed for the
decision-making on properties and structure of nonlinear systems. The problem
solution of structural identifiability is obtained for nonlinear systems under uncertainty.


Formulas are given for those two‐center one‐electron integrals, over Slater basis functions, of the type 〈χA|1/rAirB j|χB〉, 〈χB|1/rAirB j|χB〉, and one‐center two‐electron integrals 〈χχ′|1/r122|χ″χ″′〉, which arise in the application of the generalized variational method.


Comment: "I wonder if you'd get better correlations with the measured CCN at the polluted sites, close to source regions, if you eliminated data with very high aerosol loading or number concentration or scaled the data wrt CN number concentration. Does your correlation drop off with CN conc. The DMT CCN manual (page 77) notes that the measured CCN drops off at high aerosol loading (CN>6000/cc) at the low %SS


In the 1820s, Chicago bankers traveled downstate to Shawneetown, on the Ohio River, to ask for a loan from the First Bank of Illinois. The Shawneetown bankers turned them down, though, explaining that they believed Chicago would never amount to anything because it was so far from a river. Apocryphal though this story may be, it encapsulates the grand dreams that prompted the settlement of Gallatin County in the early part of the nineteenth century. The contrast between those dreams and the reality of Gallatin County a hundred years later makes the story of Gallatin County the story of much of rural America in microcosm. Gallatin County was formed from Randolph County in 1812 and originally covered most of the southeastern section of Illinois.1 Shawneetown, its seat, was the first English settlement in Illinois. Known as the "Gateway to the West," it was the port of entry for practically all immigrants into the state, as well as for those traveling overland to St. Louis and beyond. Shawneetown was also the site of the state's second land office, the distributing point for the county's lucrative salt industry, and a great wholesaling center. Other Gallatin County towns at the end of the century included Equality, the center of salt-making activity in the county; New Haven, on the Wabash River and the third oldest town in Illinois; Pond Settlement, pioneered primarily by Irish and German Catholics; Cottonwood, established in the early 1830s around a stagecoach stop; Ridgway and Omaha, laid out along the Springfield and Ohio Railroad in the early 1870s; and Junction City, established around a sawmill in the 1880s.(2) Few reminiscences, journals, and letters have survived to tell us about the residents of nineteenth-century Gallatin County, but two county histories do exist to tell us about some of them: Goodspeed's History of Gallatin, Saline, Hamilton, Franklin and Williamson Counties, Illinois contains biographies of 80 men living in Gallatin County in 1887.(3) Memoirs of the Lower Ohio Valley: Personal and Genealogical with Portraits contains biographies of 97 men living in the county in 1905.(4) Although the men profiled in the two histories represent only a small proportion of all the men in the county, they tend to be the descendants of the earliest settlers in the county and its leading citizens.5 Goodspeed's history also contains a general history of the county., Neither history has a preface explaining the process used in the data collection and writing. However, most county histories were commercial enterprises finding their basis, as Solon Justus Buck put it, "in human vanity, in the desire of the average middle-class American to see his name in print and to be able to read in a book glowing accounts of himself, his family, and his neighbors, their virtues, and their achievements."7 Like most other histories of this type, no author is given on the title page, but publishers typically used prominent local residents to sell subscriptions to their histories and to compile or write major portions of the manuscripts.8 The authors of the Gallatin County histories tell us nothing about their experience in gathering information, but Andrew W. Young's experience in gathering information for the History of Wayne County, Indiana, in 1872, was perhaps typical. Young complained of having to walk hundreds of miles, traversing the county three times over. "And even in the hottest days, I have walked 8, 10, and 12 miles a day-the sweat streaming from my face. And then I have in addition, in the longest days, set up, writing for weeks at a time, every night until 11 and 12 o'clock. And to add to my grief, my subscriptions will hardly be sufficient to pay me half of what I have earned."9 Most histories must have been highly profitable, however, given the many county histories published after the Centennial and during the first part of the twentieth century. The compilers of the biographies used the equivalent of standardized questionnaires to interview subjects. …


Modern development of arrhythmology explains the process of incidence and sustentation of arrhythmia, its pathophysiological and electrophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, the problem of atrial fibrillation treatment is still unsolvable. The influence of industry and intrusion us stereotypes nowadays are so that in fact patient with arrhythmia receives complete information neither about his disease nor about available methods of its treatment. Meanwhile, in the area of high-tech cardiac surgery there have been presented new types of operations focused not only on the electrical substrate of arrhythmia isolation, but also on the anatomical substrate elimination. Perception of this fact with more and more physicians allows feeling hopeful for the possibility of this problem solving on a new level.


IN THIS PROGRAMMER, SAME SET THREE BLADES SWITCH IS USED FOR SERVICE INTERRUPTION OF THE LINE AND FUNCTION SWITCH CONTROLLED BY CAM TRACK. BLADE BLADE PASSIVE AND ACTIVE 42 44 FORM IS LINE SWITCH MAINTAINED BY A SLIDE OPEN 38. ADDITIONAL SWITCH IS FORMED BY A SECOND ACTIVE BLADE 52 SOLIDARITY THAT IS A CROSS-CAM 50. AS THE COUNTER -CAME 50 SLIDING ON cAM TRACK LARGE DIAMETER 54 SWITCH ADDITIONAL OPEN. OF THE CAME BACK 50 FALLS ON A PORTION OF SMALLER DIAMETER BLADE ON 52 CONTACT WITH THE BLADE underlying 44 AND SWITCH IS CLOSED.


Objective To investigate the prophylactic antibacterial used in patients with type I incision operation,to evaluate the proper usage and strengthen the management of prophylactic antibacterial application.Methods Patients with type I incision operation were sampled from July to Dec.2010 in a hospital.The general data and drug application of the patients were analyzed statistically by questionnaire.Results Among all the 444 cases,444 cases used antibacterial for prophylaxis,the use rate was 100%.The utilizations of antibacterial were 12 cases、122 cases、63 cases respectively at 0.5~2h、2~24h and more than 24h before surgery,247 cases were given antibacterial after surgery in the initial delivery time.374 cases of patients were treated by antibacterial beyond 3d.There were 82.43% for one drug use、17.12% for two antibacterial use and 0.45% for three drug use.Conclusion There are some problems in the prophylactic antibacterial use for patients with type I incision operation in this hospital,such as the irrational indications of drug use,the high selection of prophylactic drug use,improper time of drug use,and the prolonged continuous drug use,which require strengthening the standardized management for prophylactic antibacterial use.


K3Li2Nb5O15 (KLN) thin films were prepared using an rf-magnetron sputtering technique with a sintered ceramic target containing 60 mol% and 30 mol% excess K and Li, compared with stoichiometric KLN, respectively. In this experiment the optimum sputtering conditions were an rf power of 100 W, a working pressure of 150 mTorr, and a substrate temperature of 600°C. When KLN was grown on a Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrate at a temperature of 600°C with 150 mTorr, the thin film KLN was (001)-oriented with diffraction peaks from the (311) plane. The re-vaporization of the volatile element on the substrate was successfully suppressed by increasing the sputtering pressure. In this work 4-fold grains of KLN thin film and the growth mechanism of 4-fold symmetric grains were both observed for the first time.


Beethoven had the sense of anti-feudal;at the same time,he maintained close relations with aristocrats in Vienna.One of the reasons is the enlightened authoritarian regimes valued and respected arts,making music as a bond between Beethoven and the aristocrats.The second reason is that the majority of aristocrats that Beethoven contacted with had sympathy or support for the new social thinking changes;and the third reason is that,with the Sturm und Drang movement,there existed such a phenomenon that the society as a whole admired hero and genius.With all these atmospheres,Beethoven became a hero in the hearts of aristocrats.However,from Beethoven's view,he always considered himself equal to the aristocrats.Although he benefited from the sponsor of the aristocrats,it did not hide the independence of Beethoven's personality.It is this independence that constitutes the heroic quality of Beethoven's music.


Objective: To construct the chimeric protein mRICA/mABRA consisting mutant ricin(RIC) A chain and abrin(ABR) A chain,express it in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli M15,and evaluate its antigenicity.Methods: The chimeric gene mRICA/mABRA was produced by connecting the genes of mutant ricin A chain(mRICAD75AV76MY80A) and mutant abrin A chain(mABRAE164AR167L) via linker.The recombinant expression vector pQE80L-mRICA/mABRA was transformed into E.coli M15 for expression under induction of IPTG at 18℃.The product was purified using chelating nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid(Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography,and then its antigenicity was determined by ELISA and Western blot.Results: Both PCR and sequencing analysis proved that recombinant plasmid pQE80L-mRICA/mABRA was produced correctly,the sequence of chimeric gene mRICA/mABRA had a 100% homology with the sequence of designed gene,with an open reading frame of 1572 bp,which could encode the chimeric protein mRICA/mABRA with 524 amino acid residues.The Mr of soluble expressed protein mRICA/mABRA was approximately 62×103.The protein reached a purity of about 99% after purification,and showed specific affinity with both polyclonal antibodies against native ricin and abrin.Conclusion: This study describes the generation of a substantial amount of chimeric protein mRICA/mABRA from E.coli and the potential application of mRICA/mABRA as an effective chimeric vaccine candidate that can protect against ricin and abrin simultaneously.


We use a multi-sector dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model—calibrated to the Ghanaian economy—to analyse the short-term impact of oil windfalls in low-income countries (LICs) and the role of various fiscal and monetary policy responses. The model includes limited access to international capital markets, limited participation by residents in the domestic financial system and limited labour mobility across sectors, features that are pervasive in these countries. Relative to developed countries, oil windfalls are likely to have larger aggregate demand pressures. A policy of fiscal smoothing—associated with a sovereign wealth fund—can help achieve macroeconomic stability and improve welfare. On the other hand, accumulation of reserves in response to the windfall—without fiscal backing—can crowd out the private sector and reduce welfare. These findings highlight the importance of policy coordination for the macroeconomic effects of oil proceeds in LICs. Copyright 2012 , Oxford University Press.


The goal of the search is to state the essential requirements of economic reform policies in Iraq. Also, the research aims to identify the specific objective picture of the reality (unemployment, health, poverty) in Iraq through the analysis of some indicators, and the impact of economic reform policies on these indicators. The findings show that the most important was the impact of economic reform policies on the reality of human development in the Iraqi economy. This may indicate through the decline in social development services, where the social protection programs, but it did not meet the demands of the affected citizens and not enough as well as came late. One of the most important recommendations is commitment and careful with the gradual application of economic reform policies.The recommendations were taken for the gradual implementation of economic reform policies and the creation of appropriate conditions for the introduction of those reforms by laying down laws and practical foundations for economic reform programs in order to reduce the burdens afflicting the poor classes in society and work to reduce the unemployment rate by attracting capital, stimulating investment and keeping pace with the progress made in the experiences of Reformation in the world.


Objective:To explore the characteristics of the new method used in fixation of cervical spine with the design principle of reticular tatinium implant.Method:The method of anterior discectomy or vertebral body resection or corpectomy was used to treat cervical disc herniation in 12 patients.Compression to spinal cord was reduced completely,and then iliac strut graft fusion and anterior internal fixation by reticular implant were used to stabilize the cervical spine.The method was used to make the cervical spine achieved stress balance in moderate extension.Results:The favorable immediate stable fixation was found in all the patients during operation.Following up of 6 to 18 months showed excellent and good results in 91.7%,height of cervical spine recovered well.There were no complications and relapes postoperatively.Conclusion:The design of reticular implant is in reason.The usage of implant is easy.The height and physical bending of cervical spine can be resumed by the operation.Complications can be prevented.The design is accorded with biomechanical principle,and the operation has extensive indication.


This paper presents a versatile methodology to calculate parameters that characterise the demand of a DMA. This parameters are used for the leak modelling so that a predictive model is built and trained with historical data and used to detect on-line new leaks so that the repair time can be reduced applying proper leak localisation techniques. This methodology has been programmed using R where the modelling packages available provide assortment of predictive models easily to implement. It has been integrated in a Data analysis tool in order to utilise the great amount of information coming continuously from the WDN. Once the methodology and the tool are described the results applied to a real DMA are presented. This work has been carried out by the fundacio CTM Centre Tecnologic (CTM) collaborating with Research Center for Supervision, Safety and Automatic Control (CS2AC) within a research project of Aigues de Manresa.


Abstract Background Ra-223 radioisotope has been reported to increase median survival in bone metastatic prostate carcinoma. The addition of Ra-223 to abiraterone was associated with an increased risk of bone fractures. There is no comprehensive data for using Ra-223 in veteran population. Methods We present a retrospective study of patients (pts) with bone metastatic CRPC who received standard doses of Ra-223 and other sequential therapies at VAPHS from 2014 to 2018. Pts were divided into agent orange exposure (AO) and no exposure (Non-AO). Time to study was calculated from the initiation of Ra-223. Time to skeletal related events (SRE), progression of PSA, bone metastasis and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were calculated in months (mos) using unpaired T-test with two-tailed p value. Median survival was calculated by Kaplan Meier R log rank test. Results There were 34 pts with bone metastatic CRPC. 17 pts (50%) were AO, 17 pts (50%) Non-AO. The mean age of diagnosis of AO was 62 y/o and Non-AO was 69 y/o (p 0.005). The mean Gleason score for AO was 8.12 and Non-AO was 8.00 (p 0.7048). The median number of Ra-223 cycles was 6 (60%). 10 pts received Ra-223 as first line (29%) and 24 pts received Ra-223 later (71%). There were 12 SRE with median survival of 15 mos. There was no difference in mean time to SRE between AO (8 pts, 10.63 mos) and Non-AO (4 pts, 10.25 mos) with p 0.9306. The mean time to PSA progression for AO was 5.40 mos and Non-AO was 6.79 mos (p 0.2808). Mean time to bone progression for AO was 7.56 mos and Non-AO was 10.14 mos (p 0.1574). Mean time to ALP progression for AO and Non-AO was 6.25 mos and 8.71 mos respectively (p 0.0512). 20 patients (58%) had died. Median survival for Ra-223 first was 32 mos and for Ra-223 later was 15 mos with p 0.14 and HR 0.48 (95% CI, 0.17 to 1.3). Median survival between AO and Non-AO was 12 mos and 18 mos respectively with p 0.15 and HR 2.0 (95% CI, 0.77 to 5). Conclusions There is no statistical difference between AO and Non-AO in terms of time to SRE, PSA, bone and ALP progression even though there is a trend of shorter duration in AO veterans. There is no median survival difference between Ra-223 first versus Ra-223 later as well as between AO and Non-AO but there is a trend of worse survival in AO veterans. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


We report the observation by scanning near-field optical microscopy of the evanescent electric field on the surface of a quantum cascade laser. The devices have been designed in order to let a consistent portion of its optical mode to leak out of the top surface. The laser wavelength in vacuum is ¿ 7.7 ¿m


The thermal wake would be formed owing to the cooling water or exhaust heat discharged by ship, and the cold wake could be formed by the cool water in the lower part of sea stirred up by the ship propeller or vortexes. Owing to the difference of surface temperature and emissivity between the ship wake and the surrounding ocean the ship wake will be easily detected by the infrared detecting system. The wave of wake also could be detected by the difference of reflected radiance between the background and the Kelvin wake of ship. In this paper the simulating models of infrared imaging of ship wake are developed based on the selfradiation of wake, the reflected radiance of the sky and sun and the transmitted radiance of atmosphere, and the infrared imaging signatures of ship wake are investigated. The results show that the infrared imaging signatures of ship wake can be really simulated by the models proposed in this paper. The effects of the detecting height, the angle of view, the NETD of detector and the temperature of wake on the infrared imaging signatures of ship wake are studied. The temperature difference between the ship wake and surrounding ocean is a main fact which effects on the detecting distance. The infrared imaging signatures of ship wake in 8-14μm wave band is stronger than that in 2-5μm wave band whenever the temperature of ship wake is warmer or cooler than the surrounding ocean. Further, the infrared imaging of thermal wake is investigated in the homogenous water and temperature stratified water at different speed of a ship and different flow rate and depth of the discharged water in a water tank. The spreading and decaying laws of infrared signature of ship wake are obtained experimentally. The results obtained in this paper have an important application in the infrared remote sensing of ship wake.


DOI: 10.1002/admi.201600450 using slurry/tape casting methods have been argued to provide a mechanism for blocking passage of LiPS to the anode, while providing a mechanism for electrochemical utilization and adsorption of the LiPS during the cycle.[20–29] A persistent challenge has been how to implement these changes in a practical Li–S cell, where the mass of inactive material required for stable operation is already a serious concern. This article reports on the fabrication of membranes by coating carbon, polymers, and inorganic particles on polyolefin separators. The conventional Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique has been applied in a number of fields of science and technology to form molecular-thick films with amphiphilic molecules, carbon, and inorganic particles for potential applications for thin film electronic devices.[32–35] We have developed a new coating technique, a binder-free coating method, termed Langmuir–Blodgett–Scooping (LBS), to rapidly create multifunctional coatings. The coating process is faster than conventional LB deposition, doctor-blade coating, tape casting, and vacuum filtration methods and as such make the method promising for large-scale applications. We use the approach to create coatings of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), polyaniline (PANI), titania nanoparticles (titania NPs), and combinations of these materials on commercial Celgard polypropylene separators with single-particle thickness resolution.[36] PANI is an electron conducting polymer that contains amine/imine groups able to interact strongly and specifically with LiPS via electrostatic interactions. Membranes based on this material are therefore able to bind to and thereby hinder transport of LiPS between the cathode and anode of Li–S cells, and at the same time allow the adsorbed LiPS to remain electrochemically accessible during cycling.[37] PANI was previously used in Li–S cathodes to encapsulate sulfur in yolk–shell,[38] nanotubes,[37] nanorods[39] structures, and coat thin layer of PANI on S/C composites.[40] In this work, PANI is applied directly to the separator without any additional treatment and under ambient conditions. There are a variety of coating methods suitable for materials of specific geometries with most methods requiring use of a binder material for cohesion. The coating method developed in the present work takes advantage of Marangoni stresses and self-assembly at the air/water interface to create highly organized monoparticle layers on non-reactive substrates. Application of these approaches for fabricating MWCNT, PANI, and titania NPs in a layer-by-layer, laminated format provides strategies for creating membranes with low material content and in a porous 3D network morphology able to suppress loss of LiPS, while simultaneously maintaining electrochemical access to the material.[41] The laminated PANI structure used in the study is comprised of ≈80 nm thick MWCNT adhesion layer for PANI, followed by ≈6 μm thick PANI, ≈900 nm thick titania NP, and ≈3 μm thick PANI (overall thickness of ≈10 μm) with total Electrochemical energy storage systems that are cost-effective, safe, environmentally friendly, and possess long cycle/shelf-life are needed in multiple fields of technology, including transportation, portable devices, robotics, and power generation from intermittent sources. Currently, Li-ion (150 Wh kg−1) and Li-ion-polymer (180 Wh kg−1) batteries[1] are the most promising storage platforms for many applications. It is understood however that the intercalation-based cathodes used in these technologies provide limited opportunities for the sort of advancement in specific energy required to keep pace with growing demand.[2–4] Replacing cathodes with conversion materials such as sulfur, oxygen, or carbon dioxide, removes these limitations, but introduces new challenges associated with dissolution, transport, and parasitic reactions between battery anodes and redox products in cathodes.[2,5] Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is the most studied and arguably the most promising candidate for commercial use for at least three reasons: (i) The Li–S battery offers tenfold higher energy storage capacity (specific capacity 1675 mAh g−1 and theoretical energy density 2600 Wh kg−1) than any of the commercial Li-ion batteries; (ii) sulfur is earth abundant and inexpensive ($0.02 g sulfur−1), leading to low-cost high-energy batteries;[6,7] and (iii) sulfur is environmentally benign, reacts spontaneously and reversibly with lithium.[5,8,9] Despite these benefit, Li–S cells suffer from poor cycling efficiency and short lifetimes stemming from the complex solution chemistry of lithium sulfide and lithium polysulfide (LiPS) products from the cathode.[10–13] The most successful efforts have been devoted to cathode configurations/ materials to provide physical confinement[11,14,15] and chemical adsorption[16–18] for LiPS to prevent its dissolution and uncontrolled redox reaction with lithium metal. Membranes able to regulate diffusion of cathode products, without compromising ion transport between anode and cathode provide a means for controlling LiPS loss from the cathode and for preventing shuttling in the Li–S cells.[19–31] For instance, carbon and ceramic coatings on the porous separator


This text provides a key to understanding the economic, political and social situation of the five main Central Asian states. Divided into sections on each of the states, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kirghizstan, the handbook draws on empirical data and research to provide information and analysis on: geo-political factors; socio-economic and domestic political life since 1990; the ethnic/religious/linguistic make-up of the states; and historical background. In-depth analysis is also given to issues of longer-term impact - the geographic significance of oil-pipelines, the impact of instability in Afghanistan, and the consequences of ecological devastation and the drying up of the Aral Sea.


Based on biohormone BY-I,the selection and measurement of pesticide wetting agent were discussed. The optimum ingredient ratio of wetting agent was n(sulfonate)∶n(ethylene polyethenoxy ether)∶n(imidazoline)=1∶1∶1. The suitable concentration of the surfactant employed for pesticide wetting was its critical micelle concentration.


In the study of graph ,to use the mathematics inductive method proof the property of graph ,we need to know the relation of the n order graph and the n+1 order graph .The operation of lose the side and the constringency do play a important role in the discussion of tree .The against of the operation is called "enlarged ".Text adopt the different "contracted "and "enlarged "on the polygon and the maxinal plane graph ,proof the maximal plane graph is 4-apply color.


Limb injuries - Fractures - Dislocations - Shoulder and upper arm injuries - Elbow and forearm injuries - Wrist injuries - Hand injuries - Finger injuries - Nail injuries - Pelvic and hip injuries - Knee injuries - Lower leg injuries - Achilles tendon disorders - Ankle injuries - Foot fractures and dislocations - Spinal injury - Low back pain - Physiotherapy


Recent clinical studies have suggested that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). However the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is unclear, because of the several factors as the autonomic effect contributing initiation of AF. Potential mechanism may be related to epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) containing the ganlionic cluster, influence of the intrinsic autonomic nerve system. The aim of this study was to determine whether the amount of EAT is associated to AF in severe OSA pts. 9 pts (8 male, 56±8 years, BMI 26.1±1.9) with severe OSA (apnea hypopnea index: AHI 41.6±6.9) were measured by multi-slice computed tomography. Total volume of EAT (EAT-total) and EAT volume around the LA (EAT-LA) were identified by threshold setting of −200 to −30 Hounsfield units. The distribution of EAT was discribed as EAT-LA/EAT-total index (EATI: %), compared between 4 pts with evidence of AF (AF-OSA) and 5 pts without AF (Control-OSA). Age, BMI, and AHI had no significant difference in both groups. AF-OSA had a significantly higher EATI than Control-OSA (3.3±0.8 vs 1.3±0.3%, p<0.01), and EAT-total, EAT-LA were slightly increased (84.8±45.2 vs 78.9±27.4 cm3, p=0.12, 3.2±1.6 vs 1.3±0.3 cm3, p=0.11) in AF-OSA. In conclusion, EAT distribution has substantial contribution to the incidence of AF in patients with OSA.


We demonstrate self-bending of elastic waves along convex trajectories by means of geometric and phased arrays. Potential applications include ultrasonic imaging and manipulation, wave focusing, and wireless power transfer around obstacles. The basic concept is illustrated through a geometric array, which is designed to implement a phase delay profile among the array elements that leads to self-bending along a specified circular trajectory. Experimental validation is conducted for the lowest asymmetric Lamb wave mode in a thin plate over a range of frequencies to investigate the bandwidth of the approach. Experiments also illustrate the functionality of the array as a transmitter to deliver elastic wave energy to a receiver/harvester located behind a large obstacle for electrical power extraction. It is shown that the trajectory is not distorted by the presence of the obstacle and circumventing is achieved. A linear phased array counterpart of the geometric array is then constructed to illustrate the conc...


Isotopically labelled forms of the urinary lignans (±)-trans-2,3-bis-(3-hydroxybenzyl)butan-4-olide (enterolactone) and (±)-2,3-bis-(3-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol (enterodiol) have been synthesized from [4,4-2H2]butenolide, obtained from the furan-maleic anhydride adduct by reduction (NaBD4) and pyrolysis.


Massive MIMO enabled heterogeneous cellular networks (HetNets) have a wide application prospect in improving end-to-end performance. To increase the performance of energy efficiency (EE), we formulate the joint optimization problem of power control and user association in this paper. Unfortunately, the problem is a fractional and mixed integer nonlinear programming problem (FMINLP). Nevertheless, an energy efficient joint power control and user association optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. Firstly, based on the Dinkelbach's theorem, we transform the objective function of the problem into an integral expression and propose the optimal EE iterative algorithm. Then, with the help of the approximately iterative method and Lagrange's decomposition dual method, the problem can be transformed into a convex optimization problem and the joint optimization algorithm is proposed correspondingly. In the simulation, the performance of EE and its influence factors are analyzed and some interesting points are discussed.


Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 This article focuses the role of science in support of fertilizers industry within Romanian socio-economic background. Since 1990 the Romanian fertilizers industry was in almost continuous decline determined by several factors, as continuous rising of gas prices and expenses with environmental protection. To these realities, a big gap between the import and export of mineral fertilizers may be mentioned. In 1990 Romania's exports were worth 85,371 thousands $, while in 2011 Romanian export value of mineral nitrogen fertilizers achieved the maximum value of 752,658 thousands $, respectively. These developments may also be explained by both pecuniary difficulties and farmers' lack of information on specific technologies for the efficient use of mineral fertilizers. The main way in which research can contribute to increasing the influence of fertilizer industry in Romania, in terms of national agricultural policies, is to identify solutions that align domestic industry to the worldwide performances in terms of quality and incomes, within environmental friendly conditions. Instead conclusion we can state that important task lies in the field of scientific research that through innovation and the promotion of innovative clusters can lead to the revival of the sector simultaneously with increasing its competitive potential.
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BORECKÝ, Vladimir: Loan Delinquency of Enterprises in the Slovak republic. [Bachelors thesis], Banking Institute College Prague a fereign university in Banska Bystrica department of Financie and Banking. Thesis Supervisor: doc.Ing. Rajmund Mirdala, PhD. Year of defanse: 2014. Number od pages: 47. The topic of this bachelor thesis is the credit deliquency of slovak households, in other words – failure of solvency in terms of loans and borrowings. Its primary goal in the theoretical part is to explain reasons, which cause incapability of repaying people´s debts. The goal, based on an analysis of developing credit deliquency of citizens of the Slovak republic, is to clarify causes of failures of paying debts by households in the Slovak republic and find possible solutions. I analyze factors from data of three slovak banks, and then propose a possible solution from the situation in the Slovak republic after year 2008 before the recession, during the recession and after a partial reaction on the recession.


Abstract In supporting their students' learning in the classroom, noticing is an important professional skill for teachers, encompassing perceiving and interpreting relevant incidents, as well as ad hoc decision-making. While noticing is an established research topic in other domains, it remains largely neglected in relation to the geography teacher. The paper compares the noticing skills of geography teachers at three different stages of their professional development. Qualitative content analysis of teachers' think-aloud responses to video vignettes of geography teaching revealed that the three groups differed in terms of number of incidents perceived, interpretive stance, and decision-making.


This study examines whether religiosity at the county level will influence the firms take over decision. I find robust evidence that firms headquartered in counties with higher levels of religiosity exhibit lower risky take over decisions. This finding is consistent with the view that religion, as a set of social norms, helps to curb risky activities by managers.


Horticultural Sciences Department duced proteins in plants. Dominant mutations in the IAA University of Florida domain that confer insensitivity to auxin also strongly Gainesville, Florida 32611 inhibit turnover of IAA proteins (Worley et al., 2000). †The Howard Hughes Medical Institute Protein–protein interactions mediated by the IAA doThe Salk Institute for Biological Studies mains are proposed to modify activity of the ARF (auxin La Jolla, California 92037 response factor) transcription factors bound to auxin response elements (AXRE) of auxin induced genes (Ulmasov et al., 1999). Phytochrome, the photoreceptor for red and far-red Introduction light responses, exists in two photo-interconvertible As nature's second grand experiment in complex develforms (Figure 1 and below). Phytochrome is a red-lightopment, vascular plants have strategic importance to activated serine/threonine kinase (Yeh and Lagarias, our understanding of the mechanisms and evolution of 1998; Fankhauser et al., 1999). Five isoforms of phytosignal transduction pathways. At least a billion years chrome (A, B, C, D, and E) that have different physiologihave passed since plants, animals, and fungi diverged at cal functions have been identified in Arabidopsis. Upon the base of the eukaryotic crown (Doolittle et al., 1996). stimulation with red light, phytochrome moves from the While it is unclear whether multicellularity evolved indecytosol to the nucleus. The different isoforms of phytopendently in plant and animal lineages, these phyla have chrome are translocated to the nucleus with different at the very least undergone major independent changes kinetics. One identified substrate of the PHYA kinase, in structure and organization. The emergence of comPKS1, is localized in the cytosol, where it acts as a plete genome sequences from strategic eukaryotic negative regulator of phytochrome signaling (Fankmodels and recent advances in the molecular analysis hauser et al., 1999). Nuclear-localized PHYB interacts of plant signaling pathways allow comparative analysis specifically with PIF3 (PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING of the signal transduction pathways in plants and aniFACTOR), a helix-loop-helix transcription factor that mals. The results offer new insight into the nature and binds a light response element upstream of one class complexity of signaling pathways that were present in of light regulated genes (Martinez-Garcia, 2000). Thus, a common ancestor. Moreover, we can begin to discern phytochrome signaling involves both nuclear and cytothe sources of novelty and innovation that differentiate solic interactions. the plant and animal lineages particularly with respect Key components of the ethylene signal transducto development. In this review, we pay particular attention pathway (reviewed by Johnson and Ecker, 1998) tion to origins of novelty in the evolution of signaling include ETR1 (ETHYLENE TRIPLE RESPONSE-1), the pathways in plants. ethylene receptor; CTR1 (CONSTITUTIVE ETHYLENE REThe three important signal transduction pathways deSPONSE-1), a raf-like protein kinase; EIN2 (ETHYLENE picted in Figure 1 illustrate an intermingling of conserved INSENSITIVE-2), a membrane protein related to mamand novel mechanisms that is typical of plant signal malian NRAMP proteins; and EIN3 (ETHYLENE INSENSItransduction pathways. Auxin (indole acetic acid) signalTIVE-3), a novel transcription factor. In the absence of ing, a central pathway of plant development, is mediated ethylene, ETR1 and related receptors actively inhibit the by a highly conserved ubiquitin ligase complex (del Pozo ethylene response (Hua and Meyerowitz, 1998). The inet al., 1998; Gray et al., 1999). The pathway is defined hibitory action of ETR1 requires the CTR1 kinase. Hence, by the AXR (AUXIN RESISTANT) and TIR (AUXIN ethylene binding to ETR1 is proposed to cause inactivaTRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESISTANT) mutants of A. tion of CTR. Inactivation of CTR1 potentiates signaling thaliana. AXR1 and a partner protein, ECR1, comprise mediated by the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of EIN2 a RUB (related to ubiquitin)-activating enzyme analo(Alonso et al., 1999). EIN2 signaling leads to activation gous to E1 of the ubiquitin pathway (del Pozo et al., of the EIN3 transcription factor in the nucleus. EIN3 is 1998). These proteins together with a RUB-conjugating a direct activator of the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR enzyme, RCE1, RUB-modify AtCUL, a cullin homolog (ERF) genes. ERF transcription factors in turn bind to (del Pozo and Estelle, 1999). AtCUL is a component of ethylene response elements of downstream ethylene an SCF (SKP-cullin-F-box) ubiquitin ligase complex that induced genes. includes TIR1, the F-box protein, and ASK1, a homolog In order to understand the forces that have shaped of yeast SKP1 (Gray et al., 1999). Mutations in TIR1 and the evolution of these and other signaling pathways, it ASK1 inhibit the auxin response, suggesting that the is useful to place them in the broader context of plant SCFTIR1 complex regulates turnover of a repressor. biology. Plant evolution clearly has taken a very different Possible downstream targets of the SCFTIR1 complex course under a very different set of constraints than include IAA domain proteins such as those defined by animal evolution. Among the more obvious features are photoautotrophic growth, absence of mobility, and the presence of a semirigid cell wall. The capture and assim‡ To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail: drm@


In 2008, Congress created the Teacher Quality Partnership Grant Program to fund alternative training programs that draw highly qualified teachers to high-need schools. Funded under this grant, teaching residency programs (TRPs) are designed to attract new teachers to the profession. The programs offer coursework toward a master's degree along with a one-year supervised residency under the guidance of a full-time teacher.


This paper presents a theoretical approach for the quantitative depth evaluation of linear opened surface cracks by using lock-in infrared thermography. In order to simulate heat flow near a crack, a three-dimensional simulation model has been developed by using finite element simulation. We show that, under a periodic local thermal excitation in the vicinity of the crack, the second spatial derivative of the amplitude image can provide information on this depth. The influence of the simulation parameters are discussed for the optimal characterization of defects.


This paper calculates the fluctuations of eigenvalues of polynomials on large Haar unitaries cut by finite rank deterministic matrices. When the eigenvalues are all simple, we can give a complete algorithm for computing the fluctuations. When multiple eigenvalues are involved, we present several examples suggesting that a general algorithm would be much more complex.


Modified with permission from: Singh AD, Shields CL, Shields JA. Von Hippel-Lindau disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2001; 46: 117-142.

The cover photograph is a drawing of fundus appearance of Otto Mayer, a patient of Eugen von Hippel reported by him to have "angiomatosis retinae" in 1904.1 The earliest observations on the retinal hemangioma date back …


Prosthesis prescription and training for the upper limb is based on the experience of the prosthetist and user feedback. As a result, many users may receive a less than optimal prosthetic device. Even though the need for a prosthesis does not change, failure of the prosthetic device to meet expectations can cause users to abandon their prosthesis. Further optimization of a prosthesis is often completed using trial and error. Currently, there is no universally accepted way to quantify the fitting and performance of the prosthesis. In order to address that issue a simulation algorithm is being developed at the University of South Florida (USF) in an effort to quantify and evaluate the performance of both the user and the prosthesis. The algorithm uses motion capture data to generate a statistical prediction of the expected performance of the user. Currently, the algorithm can be used for able-bodied subjects and is being optimized for left side transradial amputees. In this paper an update on the state of the algorithm is presented.


OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to describe the neurologic and clinical features of affected males from families with X-linked patterns of severe mental retardation, hypotonia, recurrent respiratory infection, and microduplication of Xq28 that consistently includes the MECP2 (methyl-CpG binding protein 2) gene. STUDY DESIGN. To identify duplications, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of the MECP2 gene was performed on male probands from families with X-linked mental retardation. The males either had linkage to Xq28 or had a phenotype consistent with previous reports involving Xq28 functional disomy. After detection of a duplication of MECP2, additional family members were tested to confirm the MECP2 duplication segregated with the affected phenotype, and X-inactivation studies were performed on carrier females. RESULTS. Six families with multiple affected males having MECP2 duplications were identified by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and the carrier mothers were subsequently shown to have highly skewed X inactivation. In 5 of 6 families, the microduplication extended proximally to include the L1 cell adhesion molecule gene. The primary clinical features associated with this microduplication are infantile hypotonia, recurrent respiratory infection, severe mental retardation, absence of speech development, seizures, and spasticity. CONCLUSIONS. Although many of the phenotypic features of our patients are rather nonspecific in cohorts of individuals with syndromic and nonsyndromic mental retardation, the proneness to infection is quite striking because the patients had normal growth and were not physically debilitated. Although the etiology of the infections is not understood, we recommend considering MECP2 dosage studies and a genetics referral in individuals with severe developmental delay and neurologic findings, especially when a history of recurrent respiratory ailments has been documented.


The present invention provides a belt conveyor belt meandering preventing device, comprising a cylinder, a rack, a groove is provided in the middle of the drum in the circumferential direction, provided with a groove corresponding to the projection on the belt drum, assembled after the boss may be embedded in a groove, the belt constrained axially on the drum. Meanwhile, a flange at each end of the drum, a belt disposed between the ends of the flanges may be better to limit axial movement of the belt on the drum, the purpose of preventing meandering. He said groove on the drum to one or more, according to the actual load, a different number of grooves designed to increase the effect of preventing the deviation. Compared with the prior art, the present invention is advantageous in that: the structure is simple, well restrict axial movement of the belt on the drum, the belt meandering preventing.


Effects of male‐biased dispersal on inbreeding avoidance were investigated in a semi‐natural population of Myodes (formerly Clethrionomys) rufocanus using a large outdoor enclosure (3 ha). Parentage of 918 voles weaned from 215 litters and relatedness of mates were analysed using microsatellite loci, and dispersal distances were obtained from mark–recapture live‐trapping data. Natal and breeding male‐biased dispersal was observed. There remained, however, chances that incestuous mating could occur, because not all males dispersed from their natal site, and 51 matings occurred between relatives (relatedness r > 0). The number of weaned juveniles from inbred litters was significantly smaller than that from non‐inbred litters. Fourteen incestuous matings occurred between close relatives (r ≥ 0.25), most of which were those between non‐littermate maternal half siblings (four cases) and those between paternal half siblings (seven cases). When comparing the observed frequencies to the expected ones generated by combining every oestrous female with a male randomly chosen from her surroundings, the observed values for inbreeding of r ≥ 0.25 were significantly smaller than the expectations, while no difference was observed for inbreeding of 0 < r < 0.25. These results suggest that male‐biased dispersal is partly effective to avoid incestuous mating, but it does not provide complete separation of male and female close relatives. Additional mechanisms such as kin discrimination based on familiarity may work in inbreeding avoidance of the vole.


The article reviews the book "Spiral Jetta: A Road Trip through the Land Art of the American West" by Erin Hogan.


Using a descriptive-correlation research design, this study aimed to determine the effective electorates of deserving political candidates of San Sebastian, Samar. This study used a questionnaire as the primary tool for data gathering. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics tools were utilized in order to compute, analyze and interpret the data of this study. The objectives were to identify the profile of the electorate-respondents in terms of age; sex; marital status; annual income; highest educational attainment; and type of residency; to determine the voting behavior of the electorate-respondents in terms of civic attitude; group consciousness; partisanship; and political ideology. After the analysis and interpretation of the data, this study revealed that there is high positive civic attitude for the voting behavior of selected electorates; there is a moderate group consciousness for the voting behavior of selected electorates of San Sebastian, Samar; there is moderate partisanship for the voting behavior of selected electorates and there is high political ideology for the voting behavior of selected electorates of San Sebastian, Samar. Based on the findings of the study it was, it was recommended that voter's education should not only teach how to vote but also impress ideals on electorates especially on why and whom to vote for.


r rHE period when Bisinarok created the German Empire and when Austria-Hungary, after passing through many > , critical stages, was reorganized as the Dual Monarchy has been described by many historians from many different angles. But the question of German-Czech relations during this period has received less attention, and the attempt of Count Hohenwart in 1871 to create a federalist government in Austria has remained without adequate study. This is largely due to the deliberate effort on the part of the men formulating this plan to conceal the proceedings. Only in the twentieth century and especially after the first World War, have memoirs and documents been published which make possible a clear analysis of this episode.1 The most important publications were two ar-


In the current paper, we examine the role of vertical individualism in determining revenge behavior following an injustice. Drawing on existing theory and research, we hypothesized that victims who are more vertically individualistic will be more likely than those who are less vertically individualistic to engage in revenge following the experience of injustice as a means of restoring self-esteem. The results from three studies—employing different methodologies and operationalizations of revenge—support our reasoning. Moreover, two of the studies provide support for the proposed self-esteem maintenance mechanism underlying the relation between vertical individualism and revenge. Although much research in psychology and organizational justice has demonstrated that the experience of injustice can threaten one's identity, our data are the first to demonstrate that responding to injustice can restore people's self-esteem to homeostasis. The present studies thus demonstrate that in some instances revenge may have an intrapsychic benefit for the victim, which helps to explain why some people engage in revenge despite possible negative interpersonal consequences. We discuss implications of our findings for social and organizational justice theory and for potentially mitigating revenge reactions to injustice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective To investigate the effective method of pulmonary embolism according to the evidence-based nursing,in order to decrease complication,mortality and increase the patients' quality of life.Methods according to clinical assessment to deter-mine nurseing diagnosis,consult literature to select the best nurseing evidence and formulate nursing measures,perform holistic nurseing.Results Among 11 patients,7 were cured except 4.Conclusions Evidence-based nursing can improve the knowledge renew and general quality of nursing personnel;it can also implement and complete deficiency of the present nursing system,promote its development.

Key words:
Evidence-based nursing:Pulmonary embolism:Application


This paper explores the impact of the geomagnetic field on the relativistic runaway electron avalanche length, λe− . Coleman and Dwyer (2006) developed an analytical fit to Monte Carlo simulations using the Runaway Electron Avalanche Model. In this work, we repeat this process but with the addition of the geomagnetic field in the range of [100,900]/n μT, where n is the ratio of the density of air at altitude to the sea level density. As the ambient electric field approaches the runaway threshold field (Eth≈284 kV/m sea level equivalent), it is shown that the magnetic field has an impact on the orientation of the resulting electron beam. The runaway electrons initially follow the vertically oriented electric field but then are deflected in the v × B direction, and as such, the electrons experience more dynamic friction due to the increase in path length. This will be shown to result in a difference in the avalanche length from the case where B = 0. It will also be shown that the average energy of the runaway electrons will decrease while the required electric field to produce runaway electrons increases. This study is also important in understanding the physics of terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs). Not only will this work impact relativistic feedback rates determined from simulations, it may also be useful in studying spectroscopy of TGFs observed from balloon and aircraft measurements. These models may also be used in determining beaming properties of TGFs originating in the tropical regions seen from orbiting spacecraft.


High resolution (temporal and spatial), two-dimensional images of electron temperature fluctuations during sawtooth oscillations were employed to study driven reconnection processes in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas. The combination of kink and local pressure driven instabilities leads to an "X-point" reconnection process that is localized in the toroidal and poloidal planes. The reconnection is not always confined to the magnetic surfaces with minimum energy. The heat transport process from the core is demonstrated to be highly collective rather than stochastic.


March 11, 1969 Negligence — Res ipsa loquitur — Onus — Steelworker — Oxygen hose catching fire — Loud explosion — Ensuing panic — Injury to workman.


Analysis was made on the 35 pieces of flow records of Chongzuo Hydrological Station dating from March 2 to July 4 of 2007,based on which the author put forward the idea of utilizing water head to find out the level-flow relation influenced by impoundment of power station,calculate relevant curves and regression equation.The results of examination demonstrate this method renders no significant systematic error,and the calculated flow meets pre diction requirements,which may be reference for simplification of flow supervision of middle and meets rivers.


Background: The patient environment is increasingly considered a major source of transmission of nosocomial bacteria to patients. In May 2019, a cluster of 3 patients with multiresistant Enterobacter cloacae was discovered in the hematology-oncology department of the Maastricht University Medical Center (built in 1991). The strains had an identical antibiogram: ESBL-positive, ciprofloxacin R, cotrimoxazole R, meropenem S, and colistin S. One neutropenic patient had a positive blood culture for this strain, resistant to the empiric treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam, but the patient recovered after switching the antibiotic regimen to meropenem. All strains were determined to be identical by amplified-fragment length polymorphism and whole-genome multi-locus sequencing typing (genotype A). New cases occurred, despite the introduction of contact isolation of positive and contact patients. Therefore, weekly point-prevalence screening was introduced, in which more newly colonized patients were identified in the subsequent weeks. Attention to hand hygiene was enforced, and the hypothesis of contamination from "wet" environmental locations was tested by performing cultures of sinks and shower drains. In June and July, 47 of 241 environmental cultures (19.5%) were positive for E. cloacae with an identical antibiogram, among which some were typed as genotype A. To diminish the environmental contamination, all siphons of sinks were replaced, and disinfection of sinks and shower drains was intensified using chlorine and soda on a daily basis. Replacement of shower drains was not possible. After this intervention, the incidence of newly colonized patients declined gradually. A change in the regimen of selective gut decontamination in hematology patients was considered as an alternative intervention, but with the decrease in new patient cases, this was not implemented. A final round of environmental cultures at the end of August revealed 8 positive cultures, of which 5 were positive for genotype A. In retrospect, this finding could be explained by the fact that the cleaning team did not follow the intensified instructions for disinfection. From week 29, genotype A E. cloacae was no longer cultured in weekly patient screenings. Based on this observation, it is important that in (re)building plans for hospitals, a master plan for the prevention of nosocomial transmission from environment to patients is incorporated. Funding: None Disclosures: None


The features of reservoirs with extra - low - permeability in deep - buried zones of Anpeng Oilfield,southwestern of Henan province is described in the paper. The reservoirs are composed of fan - delta deposits. Thecomposition and texture maturity of reservoir rocks are lower. Research on coring and FMI logging indicates that themain fracture occurrence in reservoirs is greatly angular or is vertical. Advanced technique - oriented coring is adoptedto get the fracture azimuth. In light of the reservoir features of extra - low porosity permeability and less naturalproduction, through reservoir fracture identification and distribution study, corresponding development technique issuggested in the paper.Stimulation treatment such as fracturing, high - pressure to stimulate injection are adopted so asto ensure the development effect of Oilfield with extra - low - permeability .


A jitter model and signal processing techniques for data recovery in pulse-width modulation (PWM) optical recording are discussed. In PWM, information is stored through modulating sizes of sequential marks alternating in magnetic polarization or in material structure. Jitter, defined as the deviation from the original mark size in the time domain, will result in error detection if it is excessively large. A new approach is taken for data recovery by first using a high speed counter clock to convert time-marks to amplitude-marks, and signal processing techniques are used to minimize jitter according to the jitter model. The signal processing techniques include motor speed and intersymbol interference equalization, differential and additive detection, and differential and additive modulation.<<ETX>>


Business-to-business companies within the professional services sector tend to encounter fierce competition when aiming to win over the most distinguished customers. To avoid unprofitability, these companies need to put much consideration into prioritizing the right type of customers. However, there is not much academic literature published on customer prioritization, i.e. key account (KA) selection. The aim of the study is to measure the relationship between KA selection and customer account profitability when taking to account other KA selection criteria in a professional services organization. The study uses internal and external customer data that is obtained from a professional services organization. Several quantitative tests such as ANOVA and binary logistic regression were utilized in the study. Furthermore, AIC, BIC and likelihood ratio tests are used in order to make valid comparisons between models. The results show that there is a relationship between profitability and KA selection when profitability is measured in monetary terms. However, no relationship could be found when profitability is measured as a percentage. Further tests even indicate that profitability has not been used as a KA selection criterion, but instead is a by-product of the fact that KAs have bigger contracts and therefore provide higher account revenues. Furthermore, customer size, higher account revenue and a higher number of sales opportunities increase the odds of being selected as a KA, whereas a long business relationship does not.


Archives of Disease in Childhood, 49, 186. Hepatic phosphorylase deficiency: its differentiation from other hepatic glycogenoses. Two brothers with glycogen storage disease of the liver are reported. The clinical symptoms were hepatomegaly and a slight muscle hypotonia; hypoglycaemic symptoms seldom occurred. There was deficient activity of phosphorylase and normal phosphorylase b kinase activity in the leucocytes and in the liver. Three aspects of carbohydrate metabolism were investigated. A described to diagnose tentatively a phosphorylase deficiency on the of


Sphingolipids and sphingosine-type compounds are widely distributed in nature; they convey a diverse set of signal transduction and stress response pathways and have profound physiological impacts.[1] Despite their recognized importance fully characterized examples of structure-activity relations are still rare. Recently, we became interested in the rosette-inducing sulfonosphingolipids, named RIFs, which induce cell differentiation in the predatory eukaryote choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta.[2] We became particularly intrigued by the 6-hydroxy-(4E)-sphingenine-containing sulfonolipid named RIF-2 and its inhibitor IOR-1, both produced by the same prey bacterium. To generate the different possible stereoisomers of the (2S,3S)-6 hydroxy(4E)-sphingenine-containing lipids and to determine the absolute configuration and further analyze the structure-activity relationship of these highly bioactive molecules,[3] we make use of a hydrozirconation addition reaction to Garner's aldehyde and derivatives. Here, we report about the synthesis of several unnatural (2S,3S)-6-hydroxy(4E)-sphingenine-containing lipids including a fluorescence-labelled derivative for future biological studies.


ABSTRACT Process-tracing (PT) as a distinct case-study methodology involves tracing causal mechanisms that link causes (X) with their effects (i.e. outcomes) (Y). We trace causal mechanisms whereby a cause (or set of causes) produces an outcome to both: (1) make stronger evidence-based inferences about causal relationships because the analysis produces within-case evidence of each step of the causal process (or absence thereof) in between a cause and outcome, and (2) because tracing mechanisms gives us a better understanding of how a cause produces an outcome. Yet, when we look at the methodological literature on PT, there is considerable ambiguity and discord about what causal mechanisms actually are. The result of this ambiguity and discord about what mechanisms are clearly maps onto existing applications of PT, with most PT case studies completely ignoring the underlying theoretical causal processes. In the few PT applications where mechanisms are unpacked, they are typically only developed in a very cursory fashion, with the result that there is considerable ambiguity about what theoretical process the ensuing case study actually is tracing. If we want to claim we are tracing causal mechanisms, the causal processes in between X and Y need to be unpacked theoretically. How can we claim we are tracing a causal 'process' when we are not told what the process (i.e. mechanism) actually is? To alleviate this problem, the article attempts to develop a clearer definition of causal mechanisms to provide scholars with a framework for theorising mechanisms in a fashion that is amenable to in-depth empirical analysis using PT.


paper we set out research being undertaken to develop measures of learner engagement. Engagement is defined by variables of involvement, wellbeing and thinking. The measures are designed to be sensitive to the effect of alternative pedagogy on students from pre-school to final years of secondary and to be usable across a wide range of learning environments from formal schooling to less formal community based contexts. The paper begins with a discussion of suitable theoretical models and establishes linkages to relevant existing work. The current stage of development of a set of instruments is discussed and the application illustrated in three different measurement contexts. Initial findings for each of these contexts are outlined. While development is continuing, the initial results show that it feasible to measure engagement using both observation and learner self-report and that engagement is an indicator of quality of the learning environment and predicts important learning outcomes.


In this work, a new high efficiency and low core loss thin film transformer based on magnetic Bi2O3–Fe2O3–SiOx thin film alloy has been developed by means of thermal evaporation. The effective permeability and the coercive force of the magnetic samples were measured. An investigation of the structure and composition was performed using an X-ray diffraction method (X RD). The ratio of the rate of evaporation to partial pressure during deposition had a significant role on the value of the coercive force and hence the softness of the magnetic material. The total core loss of the planar transformer per cycle up to 10 MHz was measured. From these measurements, the hysteresis loss per cycle was calculated using the least squares method. This transformer exhibited a coupling factor and efficiency of 90% at 1 MHz respectively.


In this communication, we propose a method for obtaining isolated excited states within the Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo framework. This method allows for stable sampling with respect to collapse to lower energy states and requires no uncontrolled approxima-tions. In contrast with most previous methods to extract excited state information from Quantum Monte Carlo methods, this results from a modification to the underlying propagator, and does not require explicit orthogonalization, analytic continuation, transient estimators or restriction of the Hilbert space via a trial wavefunction. Furthermore, we show that the propagator can directly yield frequency-domain correlation functions and spectral functions such as the density of states which are difficult to obtain within a traditional Quantum Monte Carlo framework. We demonstrate this approach with pilot applications to the neon atom and beryllium dimer. Almost all of the many variants of projector Quantum


Appropriate orthopedic force led to bone remodeling of mandibular condyle, while overloaded orthopedic force (OOF) induced condylar bone absorption. Bone absorption is ascribed to the imbalanced activities between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, mechanism of which remains unclear. This study aimed to observe the condylar changes induced by overloaded orthopedic force by mandible advancement appliance and to further investigate the role of mTOR and RANKL/OPG in osteoclastic differentiation of stem cells in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, the results of micro-CT analysis indicated that condylar bone resorption was induced by OOF through mandibular advancement appliance since 2 weeks and worsened time-dependently. Morphologically, cartilage thickness was reduced, subchondral cortical bone line appeared uncontinuous, subchondral bone exhibited irregular-shaped and owned uneven surface. The bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) decreased accomplished with the increased Trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) determined by micro-CT. Additionally, based on immunofluorescent labeling, OOF activated both osteoclasts and osteoblasts, but osteoclastogenesis prevailed over osteogenesis. The mTOR activation and ratio of RANKL/OPG in osteoblasts (OBs) were elevated by OOF. In vitro, the results of Western blot and PCR consistently suggested that the mTOR and RANKL/OPG ratio were upregulated by overloaded mechanical stretch. Pretreatment with mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, could attenuate the activation of mTOR and the secretion of RANKL in OBs. Interestingly, based on the Trap staining, the supernatant of OBs exposed to OOF could promote osteoclastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), while its role was weakened by inhibition of mTOR in OBs. Collectively, OOF induced condylar bone absorption, in the process, osteoclastogenesis was prominent than osteogenesis. The activation of mTOR and secretion of RANKL/OPG was enhanced by OOF and involved in promoting MSCs differentiating into osteoclasts.


A model of fading in a buoyant antenna array satellite link is suggested. A random number of active elements is modelled by changes in the Nakagami factor m in a system of randomly switched stochastic differential equations. Analytical solutions are given for the case of slow and fast changes.


Autoethnography is a method of qualitative inquiry that reveals the personal experiences of an individual in relation to social phenomena as a source of knowledge. Despite criticism of its subjectivities, many disciplines have widely used this approach but it is still rarely employed in Islamic Family Law (IFL). As a guide that regulates the relations of family members in the most important social institution, family law is very close to the lives of both sexes, male and female. Unfortunately, IFL is seen as suffering from gender inequality due to imbalanced gender authorities or male-centered characteristics. This article explores the works of three Indonesian female ulama – Musdah Mulia, Badriyah Fayumi, and Nina Nurmila – which are relevant to issues surrounding IFL to provide answers to the following questions: How are IFL issues – particularly in public and private spheres, ideal husband-wife relations, and women's domestication – represented in female ulama's works? Why should the autoethnography approach be incorporated into their works? After reviewing the female ulama's publications, this article maps different approaches and methods they have used in discussing the above IFL issues. It argues that an autoethnographic approach must still be present or visible from their extensive works. This approach allows for a better understanding of the deeper aspects of family life, which is private and intimate. This article, therefore, proposes that autoethnography should be a significant part of female ulama's future works and that utilizing this approach to reformulate IFL based on the ulama's personal, reflexive, and analytical accounts of family issues will contribute to more transformative and emancipatory Islamic Family Laws.


The aim of present study was to assess the wound healing activity of Formulation, Evaluation, Wound Healing Studies of Benzene-95 % Absolute Ethanol Extract of Leaves of Momordica charantia leaves. of Momordica Charantia fruit was examined for wound healing potential in the form of 10 %w/v solution in the excision wound created on the dorsal side of experimental animals, the 15% w/v extract should considerable difference in wound models and the result were compatable to that of the standard drug betadine (10% w/w) in terms of wound contracting ability and wound closure time. Antibacterial activity of methanol extract of the plant was also carried out as a supporting evidence for its wound healing potential. The mean percentage wound closure was calculated on the 8 , 12 , and 12 , wounding days. The extract treated animals showed tastes epithelisation of wound (27.10 ± 0.19) then the control. The period of epithelisation 25.11±0.01 in case of standard drug 15% betadine ointment.


Stochastic groundwater flow modeling by means of a second-order uncertainty analysis technique is discussed. This technique is based on a Taylor series expansion of the state variables of interest (hydraulic heads and Darcian velocities) about the expected values of the model parameters. The method has been incorporated into the computer code PORSTAT, which solves the two-dimensional stochastic groundwater flow equation coupled with the deterministic heat transfer and mass transport equation using integrated finite differences coupled to a direct-equation solver. Uncertain variables that can be considered in the application of PORSTAT are (1) hydraulic conductivities (x- and y-direction), (2) specific storage, (3) boundary conditions, and (4) initial conditions. The output from PORSTAT consists of the expected values, variances, and covariances of hydraulic heads and Darcian velocities. The application of PORSTAT to a sample problem is also presented. This problem was also solved by means of a Monte Carlo groundwater flow program (PORMC) to assess the accuracy of the second-order method. It was observed that as the coefficient of variation of the input parameters increases, the difference between the standard deviations predicted by PORSTAT and those prediced by Monte Carlo codes increases. For coefficients of variation of hydraulic conductivity in these testmore » cases of less than about one, the agreement between the results of PORSTAT and Monte Carlo codes appear to be reasonably close. However, it is not possible to generalize this conclusion since results are, in general, problem dependent. 16 refs., 16 figs.« less


A optimised speed controller for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is investigated in this paper, in which genetic algorithm (GA), direct torque control (DTC) concept, and neural networks space vector modulation (NNSVM) are integrated to achieve high performance. A GA is integrated to optimize the proportional integral (PI) controller. While NNSVM is contributed to reduce more the ripples of mechanical speed and torque of PMSM, like that combination elements of artificial intelligence, proposed control reacts as, ensemble of intelligent human is gathered to solve a mathematical or physical problem in a little time than one of them. Simulation results show that the proposed controller provides high-performance dynamic characteristics and is robust with regard to plant parameter variations. Furthermore, comparing with the other controller, the harmonic ripples is much reduced by the proposed controller.


The invention discloses a method for refreshing label switch paths and a label switch router. The method of the invention comprises: a reset router receives the label allotted before the resetting of the reset router and sent by an upstream router; the reset router establishes label binding relationship on a control surface and establishes a forwarding table entry on a forwarding surface according to the forwarding equivalence class (FEC) corresponding to the label; the reset router transmits label mapping messages carrying the label binding relationship to the upstream router. The technical scheme provided by the invention causes the reset router to be independent of the forwarding information stored on the forwarding surface to extract the required label and can effectively solve the problem of reestablishment of LSP caused by being unable to extract the label from the forwarding information.


Lymphatic filariasis (LF) has been targeted for global elimination (Anon. 1996) based on a two-part strategy of transmission control (using annual mass treatments with anti-filarial drugs) and morbidity management (Seim et al. 1999). The annual mass drug administrations which are primarily aimed at pre-patent and patent infections are gaining momentum and being expanded. The management of LF-attributable morbidity to provide relief to the chronic cases is however still in its formative stage. Lymphoedema of the lower and upper limbs is an overt and often grotesque clinical manifestation of LF. It is particularly common in India where there are an estimated 7.4 million cases (Ramaiah et al. 2000). Simple and feasible methods for the management of lymphoedema - based on foot hygiene limb elevation prevention of secondary infection and exercise - have recently been developed (Dreyer et al. 2002). It remains unclear however which if any of these methods - or alternative methods of lymphoedema management - are being practised in communities where LF is endemic. The information that is available (Babu and Nayak 2003) indicates that many lymphoedema cases may need to be oriented away from their current practices and towards the new more effective methods of morbidity management. (excerpt)


The paper contains a detailed computation about the algebra of canonical commutation relation, the representation of the Weyl unitaries, the quasi-free states and their von Neumann entropy. The Markov triplet is defined by constant entropy increase. The Markov property of a quasi-free state is described by the representing block matrix. The proof is based on results on the statistical sufficiency in the non-commutative case. The relation to classical Gaussian Markov triplets is also described.