Background: Behavior management techniques are an integral component of pediatrics dental visits. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of child pretreatment conditioning by mothers on the dental behavior of children during dental treatment. Methods: Following a randomized clinical trial design, this study was conducted on 72 child-mother dyads, attending the pediatric dental department of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (southeast of Iran). The children were 3 to 6 years old and required pulpotomy of one asymptomatic carious primary mandibular molar under inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. The dyads were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Data on age and gender of children, mother's age, and parents' education were collected. Mothers in the intervention group received a brochure, containing information on how to prepare the child at home to better cope with the dental procedure. Those in the control group received no intervention. A one-month interval was set between the randomization and treatment. For both groups, an experienced pedodontist performed pulpotomy and stainless steel crown placement in a single session. The dental behavior of children during the operation was scored by a blind instructed and calibrated observer, using the Franckle behavior rating scale. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS version 20 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The child dental behavior in the intervention group was more frequently acceptable than their counterparts, and a significant difference was found between the groups (P = 0.047). The intervention was successful, regardless of the child's gender and age, mother's age, and parents' education (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, dental practitioners can promote child behavior by engaging mothers to prepare their children before dental procedures.


This research considers using center of mass (CoM) height variation as an input for balance control on a humanoid robot. Traditional balance strategies for humanoid robots are taking a step, control of the center of pressure (CoP) location, a result of the 'ankle strategy', and changing the angular momentum about the CoM, for example by a 'hip strategy'. For humanoid robots, a common assumption behind these strategies is that the CoM height is predefined. However, CoM height changes can be used as an input for balance control, as for example can be observed during the landing of an athlete after a long jump. The first contributions of this work are bounds on the initial states for the variable height inverted pendulum (VHIP) from which convergence is possible to a stopped state, also known as capture regions. First, only a unilateral contact constraint is considered; negative CoM acceleration cannot be smaller than gravitational acceleration. Second, CoM height constraints are added to the model, after which a capture region can still be computed in closed-form. Third, vertical force constraints are added, after which capture regions are computed numerically using a bang-bang control law. The last capture region bridges the transition to the applied part of this work. The second contribution is a control law on vertical acceleration, suitable for application on a humanoid robot using a momentum-based control framework. Push recovery is tested on NASA's Valkyrie humanoid robot while the robot is standing. In simulation, an increase in recoverable push of 9% can be observed when comparing to a controller that only uses CoP, when pushing the back of the robot. On hardware, an average increase of 7% can be observed for this push direction using a load sensor. Additionally, tests are conducted on hardware on Boston Dynamics' Atlas using a medicine ball on a rope, but no improvement in recovery is observed. The control method for standing push recovery is also extended for use while the robot is walking. For Valkyrie in simulation, recovery improved the most compared with a predefined height approach for a push applied in the first part of the single support state for rear and frontal push directions. Additionally, a hardware result on Atlas while walking is briefly presented.


To understand differential tissue distribution of retinoids and carotenoids, as it might influence biological processes in humans, we developed and demonstrated a method for measuring them in selected human tissues. The method includes internal standards and a secondary reference standard to eliminate the need for external standard calibration and to minimize sample-handling errors. Tissues were digested (saponified) in ethanolic KOH. Retinol and beta-carotene were extracted with organic solvent containing internal standards. Analytes were separated using isocratic liquid chromatography and quantified at 325 nm for retinol and 450 nm for beta-carotene. Plasma was analyzed in a similar way but without saponification. Retinal-O-ethyloxime and beta-apo-12'-carotenal-O-t-butyloxime served as internal standards. Plasma, breast, and fat from breast surgery patients and colon, liver, muscle, and fat from colon surgery patients were analyzed. Within-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) for plasma were <0.04 for beta-carotene and <0.03 for retinol, between-day RSDs were <0.05 for beta-carotene and <0.04 for retinol. Saponification ensured complete extraction of retinol and beta-carotene and removal of triglycerides that "foul" chromatographic columns. It seems retinol and beta-carotene concentrations in tissues and blood of cancer patients are the same or higher than those in corresponding tissues of patients without these cancers.


Objective To investigate the influence of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on insulin resistance(IR) of HepG2 cells.Methods The IR model was established with high concentration insulin acting on HepG2 cells,and then HepG2 cells were divided into control group,model group,LPS group and combining group.The influence of insulin in different-dose insulin and at different action time on IR of HepG2 cells,and changes of glucose uptake and glycogen level were detected by using cell culture,glucose uptake analysis,anthrone method and PAS staining.Results The IR model was successfully established in HepG2 cells after the action of 5×10-7 mol/L insulin for 24 hours.The analysis of glucose uptake showed that basic unitransport and unitransport of insulin had no statistical difference between LPS group and control group(P0.05).The basic unitransport decreased significantly in combining group than that in control group(P0.01),and insulin unitransport was significantly lower in combining group than that in control group and model group(P0.01).The glycogen level in LPS group had no statistical difference compared with control group(P0.05) and decreased significantly in combining group compared with control group(P0.01).The result of PAS staining showed that glycogenosomes were less in combining group than those in model group.Conclusion A little and frequent LPS stimulation can exacerbate IR in HepG2 cells.It is deduced that intestinal endotoxemia and IR are causal and induce vicious circle in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.


Why do some Europeans feel threatened by immigrants more than others? Some studies have suggested that there is a pattern of negative attitudes toward immigrants which rises according to the size of immigrant population. This follows accounts of electoral behavior; extreme-right parties such as the French FJ tend to do best in areas of high immigrant concentration. Others have suggested that the feeling that there were too many immigrants might be strong even in countries where the proportion of immigrants is relatively high. Although much has been written about "immigration thresholds," how immigrant size translates into immigrant rejection remains unclear and ambiguous. This paper attempts to uncover these contradictions by disentangling the effects of personal concerns from societal consideration and by looking at the different motivations underlying peoples' assessment. It argues that people tend to separate their personal concerns from broader judgments about societal threat when thinking about immigration. It suggests that while immigrant numbers matter, it may only be in contest of other threats (i.e., security, European integration) that they fully make sense.


Back in the day, technical difficulties with cartridge games were resolved by high-tech manoeuvres consisting of blowing into the system, blowing into the cartridge, banging the cartridge on your knee, and flipping between channel 3 and channel 4 on the television. With today's systems, troubleshooting is slightly more complex.


The transformations in communication ways demand the elaboration of discussions over the integration of information technologies in the educational context. Under this perspective, the delineation of investigations about its use in the Biology teaching becomes necessary. Then, this work to report on an experiment of implementation of information tecnology in the biology teaching through development of the a Educational Module about Celular Growth within a computer modelling environment and its presents the results of Evaluation and of investigation activity of implementation this Module through of activities expressive


The present invention is a hot water extract of ginger to the site treated with mamil and Visco load relates to a process for the preparation of the ginger extract, ginger extract for preparing a precipitate of starch are blocked. In another aspect, the present invention is to prepare a ginger extract to precipitate the starch is blocked by the hot-water extract of ginger to the treatment site and mamil Visco load; It relates to a process for preparing a drink consisting of ginger to prepare a drink by adding ginger 0.5~10.0 wt% of the ginger extract based on the total amount of the blend ratio ginger drink. Ginger, hot water extract, foundation mamil, biscotti Jim, sedimentation of starch, ginger drink


INTRODUCTION "The dilemma is that as security considerations become increasingly enmeshed in technological and political complexity, the layman begins to feel that the complications are bewilderingly beyond his competence to evaluate. That is an understandable but dangerous mistake for a citizen to make in any free and open society. The mere complexity of a relevant problem does not relieve one of the responsibility of solving it. The truth is that few problems today are more relevant to the individual citizen of the United States than those of national security."1 -Former U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara National Security has become a hotly debated issue since September 11, 2001. National security has always been of great concern to the government; however former Defense Secretary McNamara's thoughts indicate that national security has now also become an important topic for all individuals to consider.2 The "policy and process" of U.S. national security has evolved significantly throughout this country's history, particularly in the years since September 11. "Most of the American historical experience occurred during the century of unprecedented and prolonged world peace from the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the outbreak of World War I in 1914."3 Following World War I, Americans quickly disregarded all events outside of the Western Hemisphere and focused their energy on domestic issues, especially as they struggled through the Great Depression. Despite a general aversion to war and standing armies during peacetime,4 World War II and the advent of the Cold War, forced the United States to recognize its role and responsibilities as a superpower. As a result, the United States increased its military strength5 and, in the latter half of the twentieth century, participated in the Korean War, Vietnam War, and Desert Storm.6 The dawn of the twenty-first century brought new military struggles for this nation with the horror of the terrorist attacks in 2001. Thus, in recent years, the country has grappled with redefining its approach to national security. During the twentieth century, Americans had "an almost ineradicable tendency to think of [the nation's] security problem as being exclusively a military problem, and to think of the military problem as being exclusively a weapons or manpower problem."7 September 11, however, jolted Americans into facing the realization that national security involves much more than military strength and manpower. The United States had been attacked on its own soil and it took all of the nation's resources to recover from that tragedy.8 The September 11 attacks catapulted the fight against terrorism and related issues to the forefront of national security.9 This year's Special Project issue contains analyses of different developments in America's approach to national security, primarily since the events of September 11. The first Note, entitled "Combatant Status Review Tribunals and the Unique Nature of the War on Terror," addresses the procedure that should determine whether a suspect is an enemy combatant.10 The Note argues that despite America's involvement in a literal war against terror, it is difficult "to apply purely law of war norms to suspected terrorists inside the United States." The baseline law of armed conflict allows adversary combatants to be killed or detained indefinitely. Currently, many al Qaeda detainees have been denied POW status. Instead, the Combatant Status Review Tribunal ("CSRT") has administered their due process rights. After outlining the current procedure and evidentiary standards used by CSRTs, the Note points to serious defects in the current approach. Limitations on the available procedures include the expensive nature of the TOP SECRET clearance required to conduct the CSRTs and the lack of Arabic interpreters. The CSRTs, as currently designed, are also confusingly similar in appearance to an AR 190 hearing. …


Public-private partnerships (PPP) can be employed to provide public rental housing for young graduates, which has been urgent to achieve social sustainability in China. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the financing structure of PPPs, particularly the ratio of private investment, which is important in initiating a PPP project. This study develops a robust model to determine the financing structure through considering the uncertainties in operation. A case study in Hangzhou demonstrates the process of the model. The relevant findings provide private investors and the local government with effective references for negotiating the financing structure of a PPP project.


Heat shock protein HSP90 is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that is involved in modulating a multitude of cellular processes under both physiological and stress conditions. In Arabidopsis, there are seven HSP90 isoforms (HSP90.1 to HSP90.7) that are localized in the cytoplasm/nucleus, mitochondrion, chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where protein folding actively takes place. In this study, we analyzed the sequence of ER‐localized Arabidopsis HSP90.7 and the other ER GRP94 proteins from plants and animals, and identified a short, charged region that is specifically present in the middle domain of plant‐derived GRP94 proteins. To understand the role of this charged region, we analyzed transgenic plants that express a mutant protein HSP90.7Δ22, which has this charged region deleted. We showed that seedlings expressing HSP90.7Δ22 have significantly enhanced sensitivity to ER stress induced by tunicamycin or high concentration of calcium, although its general chaperone activity in preventing model protein from heat‐induced aggregation was not significantly affected. We also analyzed the ATP‐binding and hydrolysis activity of both wild type and mutant HSP90.7 proteins, and found that they have slightly different ATP‐binding affinities. Finally, using yeast two‐hybrid screen, we identified a small set of HSP90.7 interactors and showed that the charged region is not required for the candidate client interaction, although it may affect their binding affinity, thus providing potential targets for further investigation of HSP90.7 functions. This work was supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant (371789‐2009) awarded to RZ.


The domestic acquisition board HY-1232 and bluetooth module are used to design a measurement system with LabVIEW.The hardware composition and software designing of the whole system are introduced in detail.The system can be applied in the complex industry environment.


Despite numerous studies have been conducted to explore the crystalline structures of various metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs), the direct probing of solvated and deformed structures of MOPs is still...


Gambling disorder and problem gambling are characterized by persistent and repetitive problematic gambling behavior. Attentional bias toward gambling-related stimuli such as casino chips, dice, roulette, etc. have been observed in problem gamblers (PGs), but it remains unclear whether stimuli in gambling tasks elicit greater attention and pupillary responses in PGs. To address this issue, we administrated PGs and non-problem gamblers (NPGs) a gambling task accompanied by eye-tracking measurements, in which the participants were required to choose one of the paired pictures to receive monetary rewards and avoid punishments. Concerning attentional allocation, PG showed a greater attentional preference for the right-hand pictures in the decision and feedback phases, and compared to NPGs, PGs' attention was narrower and more focused on the left-hand pictures in the decision phase. Concerning pupillary dynamics indicative of noradrenergic locus coeruleus activity, pupillary dilation in response to rewards and punishments was observed only in PGs. Studies of unilateral spatial neglect have proposed that asymmetric attention is induced by hemispheric imbalance. Accordingly, asymmetrical allocation of attention by PGs may reflect hemispheric imbalance, and pupillary dynamics may reflect sensitivity to wins and losses.


56 Introduction 57 Method 60 Study design 60 Participants 60 Procedure 61 Measuring instruments 62 Demographic and general information questionnaire 62 Mood states 62 Anaerobic session 63 Recovery sessions 63 Passive recovery (PAR) 63 Cold water immersion (CWI) 63 Statistical analysis 64 Results 64 Discussion 69


Using graphene modified polyethylene can make up many shortcomings for polyethylene such as insufficient toughness, poor creep resistance and so on. In our research, graphene oxide was prepared by Hummers method assisted with ultrasonic treatment, then di-n-butylmagnesium was used to react with graphene oxide to generate an intermediate, which was adopted to prepare graphene-supported Ti-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Thereafter, the polyethylene/graphene nanocomposites were synthesized by this catalyst. It was found that heterogeneous nucleation effect of graphene could enhance polyethylene crystallization, increase lamella thickness and crystallinity of nanocomposites as well as crystallization temperature. Graphene can capture the free radicals generated when HDPE decomposed, which increased the thermal stability of composites. At the same time, the dielectric constant and conductivity of composites increased with the increase of graphene content, which reflected the good interfacial polarization effect in materials.


The present paper is a detailed analysis of the cultivation of college English teachers' comprehensive abilities. Language abilities, knowledge and culture-transmitting abilities, morality integration abilities and administrative abilities are analyzed in detail respectively in a bid to come up with ways to enhance these abilities.


This paper is devoted to the theoretical study of the simultaneous effects of temperature, hydrostatic pressure, conduction band non-parabolicity, and polaronic mass on the electronic states and the photoionization cross-section of a shallow donor impurity confined in a GaAs-Al x Ga 1−x As conical quantum dot. The calculations have been made within the effective mass approximation. The shallow donor impurity energy levels have been calculated by employing two methods: the variational approach and the finite element method with finite and infinite confining potential. The obtained results suggest that the effects of conduction band non-parabolicity, temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and variation of the conical quantum dot geometries play a significant role in determining of the electronic states system, as well as in the photoionization cross-section. It is also shown that the donor binding energy is very sensitive to temperature and hydrostatic pressure. Indeed, the temperature decreases the donor binding energy while it is increasing with the applied hydrostatic pressure. Also, the quantum dot effective gap is severely affected by the conduction band non-parabolicity. In the case of polaronic mass effects, the present study suggests that they can be omitted without significantly affecting the study's main conclusions. In this paper, structures with an apical angle ranging from 10° to 150° are approached, allowing simulating quantum dots with a radius of the base much greater than the height and structures with a height much greater than the radius of the base. In the case of hydrostatic pressure and for quantum dots with finite confinement potential, the Γ-X crossover effect has been considered, which is responsible for significant changes in the carriers' confinement potential.


Abstract Trichloroacetamides can act as radical precursors to synthesize nitrogen-containing heterocycles in a variety of processes, mainly involving atom transfer radical cyclizations (ATRC), mediated by Cu(I) or Ru(II) catalysts, and the hydride reductive method, employing either Bu3SnH or (Me3Si)3SiH, or recently NaBH3CN. Additionally, amine-mediated single-electron transfer cyclizations, as well as radical processes promoted by Ni, Fe, Mn, Ti, and Ag, have been developed. 1 Introduction 2 Atom Transfer Radical Cyclizations (ATRC) 2.1 Copper-Mediated Reactions 2.2 Ruthenium(II)-Mediated Reactions 2.3 ATRC Promoted by Other Metals 3 Photocyclization Reactions 4 Reductive Cyclization via Single-Electron Transfer Processes 4.1 Ni/AcOH-Promoted Cyclizations 4.2 Titanocene(III)-Catalyzed Reactions 4.3 Silver Acetate Mediated Reactions 4.4 Amine-Mediated Single-Electron Transfer 5 Cyclization Involving M–H Hydrogen Atom Donors (M = Sn, Si, B) 5.1 Bu3SnH-Mediated Reactions 5.2 (Me3Si)3SiH (TTMSS)-Mediated Reactions 5.3 Borohydride-Mediated Radical Cyclizations 6 Concluding Remarks


The Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) is a macrotheory of human motivation which asserts that individuals are more likely to perform a behavior or task if they are intrinsically motivated as opposed to externally motivated or amotivated. Nutrition education and culinary skills‐building programs based upon the SDT may improve participants' motivation to cook healthy foods. The Adolescent Motivation to Cook Questionnaire (AMCQ) measures the psychosocial constructs identified by the SDT as they relate to food preparation and the learning environment. The purpose of this study was to measure change in high school students' intrinsic motivation (IM) and perceived competence (PC) to prepare healthy foods as a result of completing a 6‐week nutrition‐education and culinary skill‐building program. The program was offered as a school‐based or community‐center summer enrichment program. The curriculum aimed to improve students' motivation and confidence to cook through hands‐on culinary practice and instruction. Forty‐eight participants (60% female) completed the program; the mean age of the participants was 14.9 ± 0.9 years. Of the 46 adolescents who provided racial/ethnic information, 39 (81%) were African Americans, 3 (6%) were Hispanics, and 4 (8%) indicated Other. Students were in the following grades: 25 (52%) 9th grade, 14 (29%) 10th grade, 7 (15%) 11th grade, and 2 12th grade. After participating in the program, the students reported a significant mean change from baseline for IM (p<0.0001), PC (p<0.001) and relatedness among classmates (p < 0.05). An increase in IM was positively associated with changes in PC (p<0.01), autonomy support (p<0.05), and autonomy (p<0.01). The results of this study support the SDT constructs and provide evidence that participation in a nutrition‐education and culinary skill‐building program increases high school students' IM and PC to cook.


This paper describes an approach for interconnecting home and mobile networks to enable the control of consumer electronics devices (TV, VCR, camera, CD speller, radio, etc.), connected in a home network, from a remote mobile device like a mobile telephone or a Web pad. Typical applications are: remote mobile programming of VCR, remote mobile control of heating thermostats, remote mobile monitoring of security cameras, etc. The feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated by a prototype implementation, in which we have selected HAVi and WAP as two of the emerging entertainment and communication network technologies.


The shape memory alloy-shape memory polymer (SMA-SMP) composite actuators are the novel smart actuator designs which capable of large recoverable actuation deformation as well as retaining shape in the actuated state without consuming extra energy. This is particularly doable because of the recent progresses in additive manufacturing technologies. The 4D printed actuators designed in the previous study [7] are fabricated by multi-material inkjet 3D printing and is able to deposit various range of digital materials with different elastic stiffness in micro-scale. In this study, we have developed the numerical simulation of the 4D-printed composite actuator hinges to determine important actuation parameters and develop a design tool for future applications. The three-dimensional finite element models were conducted in ABAQUS and the nonlinear temperature dependence behaviour of shape memory alloy (SMA) and shape memory polymer (SMP) materials are incorporated through the user material subroutines (UMATs). The finite element results then have been compared with the experimental measurements and illustrate the accuracy of our numerical analysis. Therefore, the validated computational framework could be used for further development of actuators that could generate complex deformations.


The present invention discloses a variable stiffness and damping can be fed automobiles active suspension system comprising a variable stiffness suspension mechanism, the suspension mechanism can feed control system and the active suspension; the suspension means comprises a variable stiffness spring Small H , and a large MR damper spring rigidity; the suspension feeding mechanism includes a linear motor capable of bidirectional connection sequence, the feed circuit and the battery can; the active suspension control system comprises a data input controller, the controller vibration measurement process connected with a circuit for controlling the output of the controller are connected to a control input of the MR damper, and linear motor. The suspension system can automatically adjust the damping and stiffness simultaneously achieve good handling stability and ride comfort of vehicle; fast reaction rate control system; significantly reduce energy consumption, to meet the requirements of economy vehicle; simple structure and control algorithm, working stable and reliable, long life, can be easily applied to an existing vehicle suspension, to achieve real-time control.


This article deals with the problem of achieving finite-time max-consensus in a multiagent system that communicates over a fading wireless channel. A key feature of the wireless channel is the superposition (or broadcast) property. In traditional wireless communication systems, the superposition property is usually undesired since it might cause interference that drastically degrades system performance. In contrast, in the multiagent system considered in this article, different agents aim at achieving max-consensus. Therefore, rather than combatting interference due to the superposition property, we design a communication system that exploits this property for a more efficient usage of wireless resources. By simultaneously accessing the wireless channel, each agent obtains a weighted average of the neighboring agents' information states, where weights (namely, channel coefficients) are unknown and fading. Given that each agent has access to this piece of information, we present a switching consensus protocol employing broadcast authorization for agents and show that max-consensus can be achieved under this protocol within a finite number of iterations.


Summary The COVID-19 may become a new opportunity for expanding mass surveillance by states. It is already called a security threat, and states are taking appropriate measures to prevent it, including restricting human rights. Abandoning surveillance technology will not be easy after a pandemic and mass surveillance can become the standard for preventing threats. To prevent such a scenario, the approach of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) may be a turning point in the expansion of mass surveillance. The research examines the current case-law of the ECtHR in order to analyse the attitude of ECtHR to mass surveillance. The research is focused on the question whether it can help to prevent the mass surveil-lance to be the norm for the post-pandemic world. The research reveals an increasing bias in case law of the ECtHR towards legalizing mass surveillance and the lack of updating the new criteria for the legality of mass surveillance. Тhe ECtHR is likely to agree with most of the measures that states have introduced to prevent the COVID-19. Authors note that a due attention should be paid to human rights as potentially an effective tool to prevent widespread legalization of mass surveillance. The issue of using invasive tools to regulate mass surveillance, which are now used to resolve the COVID-19 situation, may become even more significant in the future.


The  study  was  conducted  to  determine  the  effect  of  feeding  fermented  epidermis  of  soybean  sedd with Aspergillus niger as substitution of maize and soybean meal in the ration on carcass weight of broiler . The study was carried out in Laboratory of Feed Science to analyze the nutrient content of feedstuffs and in the Cages under Laboratory of Poulty Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Jambi for feeding trial.  The  experiment  was  designed  to  Completely  Randomized  Design  (CRD)  with  5  treatments  and  4 replications. Feeding trial used 100 DOC starins MB-202 P fed basal ration with different level of fermented epidermis  of  soybean  seed  with Aspergillus  niger as  treatment.  The  treatments  were  R0  (basal  ration without fermented epidermis of soybean seed with Aspergillus niger ), R1 (basal ration containing 10 % of fermented epidermis of soybean seed with Aspergillus niger), R2 (basal ration containing 20 % of fermented epidermis  soybean  seed  with Aspergillus  niger),  R3  (basal  ration  containing  30  %  of fermented  epidermis soybean seed with Aspergillus niger) and R4 (basal ration containing 40 % of fermented epidermis soybean seed with Aspergillus niger). Parameters measured were feed consumption, body weight and carcass weight. Result  of  this  study  showed  that  substitution of maize    and  soybean  meal  with  fermented  epidermis  of soybean seed using Aspergillus niger significantly (P<0,05) influenced feed consumption, body weight and absolute carcass weight but no significantlt (P>0,05) on percentage carcass weight of broiler. It is concluded that fermented epidermis of soybean seed with Aspergillus niger could be mixed in to the ration up to 40 % to substitute maize and soybean meal and it was not negative influenced on carcass weight of broiler.


The swelling-diffusion behavior,mechanical performance,nitrification activity and storability of gel-embedded bio-carriers LQ-1 for nitrifying bacteria are studied in this study.The results show that the interpenetrating holing-through structure(about 5 μm) is formed in the immobilized nitrifying bacteria cubes.When the compression rate is 85%,the compressive stress reaches 0.49 MPa.More than 95% of the diffusion process can be completed in 10 minutes.Immobilized nitrifying bacteria can survive less efficiently in 5℃.Nitrification activity keeps above 90% after 45 days.


The paper is dedicated to the methods and results of the simulation of thermal radiation from heterogeneous combustion products of peat burning in power plants. The source data comprises the chemical composition, optical properties, and dispersivity of ash peat particles. The calculation of the gaseous phase components was made based on the thermal characteristics of the source fuel. The results of the radiation characteristics (the sections and the coefficients of attenuation, scattering and absorption) and emission characteristics (the flux density and the emissivity factor) calculation fitting in the spectral range between 0.4 and 10 μm are given. The dependence of integral emission characteristics on the temperature and the radiating layer thickness is studied. The application of this integrated approach is required for the pyrometric determination of the temperature of combustion products, for the quantitative evaluation of the incomplete peat combustion and therefore for more efficient use of this fuel in power plants.


ABSTRACT Significant abnormalities are observed in the peripheral blood of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients with active disease. In this study, we confirm that there is a significant increase in the relative percentage of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of a group of untreated children with newly diagnosed active JDM compared to healthy children (P < 0.0001). In order to investigate if properties intrinsic to B cells contributed to their relative increase in JDM, the percentage of B cells expressing activation markers (CD23, CD25, CD54, and CD69) was measured and compared to pediatric controls. Compared to healthy children less than 10 years of age (not significantly different from the JDM group), the JDM patients had an increase in the proportion of lymphocytes expressing CD19 (B cells;P = 0.0017) and decreases in the percentage of lymphocytes that were CD3− CD16+ and/or CD56+ (NK cells; P = 0.01) and CD3+ CD8+ (T suppressor/cytotoxic cells;P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in any of the B-cell activation markers assessed. Of note, the percentage of CD54+ non-B lymphocytes (i.e., T cells and NK cells expressing CD54) was significantly lower in the JDM patients (25% ± 5%) than in the "age-related" healthy control group (43% ± 4%;P = 0.013). These results suggest the following for untreated children with active JDM: (i) the increase in the percentage of peripheral blood B cells is not due to intrinsic B-cell activation, and (ii) CD54/ICAM-1+ non-B cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells are being removed from circulation and may be participating in the pathophysiology of the disease.


Beyond the current technical procedures of deposit exploration by means of full or partial cut roadheading machines, blasting is still used for driving roadway in coal and rock. When facing small roadway cross sections, rock subjected to high tectonic stress, simple, straightforward and cost effective equipment, limited personnel resources, and higher gas load, safe blasting agents are the first method of choice. Successful blasting and fast advance essentially depend on the drilling work. The possible advance per round undisputedly also depends on the stability of the surrounding rock and especially on the geometric quality of the drilling within the cut. Simple, understandable cutting procedures, which can be followed by the drilling crew and which correspond to simple and variable templates, are needed. In the presentation the example of a driveage in coal and rock will be used to demonstrate the room for improvement in the application of safe blasting agents in combination with high quality drilling. A wedge cut will be used to exemplify geometric correlations and the basics of blasting and ignition. Another central point is blasting sequence and timing to win the advance in one single stage of blasting.


Cloud computing is becoming a popular approach to software application operation, utilizing on-demand network access to a pool of shared computing resources, and associated with many benefits including low-effort provisioning, rapid elasticity, maintenance cost reduction and pay-as-yougo billing model. However, application deployment in the cloud is not itself a guarantee of high performance, scalability, and related quality attributes, which may come as a surprise to many software engineers who detract from the importance of proper design of a cloud application, expecting that the cloud itself is the solution. In this paper we analyze the issues and challenges associated with the design of a cloud application that has to be in compliance with given performance criteria, such as the throughput and response time. We also analyze the concerns related to other relevant quality criteria, including scalability, elasticity and availability. To support our findings, we demonstrate the identified performance effects of the examined design decisions on two case studies.


. The maximum of the Banach-Mazur distance d MBM ( X,ℓ n ∞ ), where X ranges over the set of all n -dimensional real Banach spaces, is difficult to compute. In fact, it is already not easy to get the maximum of d MBM ( ℓ np ,ℓ n ∞ ) for all p ∈ [1 , ∞ ]. We prove that d MBM ( ℓ 3 p ,ℓ 3 ∞ ) ≤ 9 / 5 , ∀ p ∈ [1 , ∞ ]. As an application, the following result related to Borsuk's partition problem in Banach spaces is obtained: any subset A of ℓ 3 p having diameter 1 is the union of 8 subsets of A whose diameters are at most 0 . 9.


This study was conducted to analyse the serine protease of Fasciola hepatica eggs by specific substrates and inhibitors, and investigation of the effects of pH and temperature on proteases' activity and stability. Adult worms were isolated from infected livers. After homogenisation, their protein levels were measured with the Bradford method. Total proteolytic activity of the Fasciola hepatica extract was evaluated with azocasein substrate at pH values from 2 to 12. N-benzoyl–arginine–pnitroanilide (BApNA) trypsin and N-succinyl-alanine-alanine-prolin-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide (SAAPFpNA) chymotrypsin substrates were used to measure specific protease activities. The effect of protease inhibitors phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), pepsin, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on these enzymes was evaluated. Estimation of optimum temperature and pH was performed in the temperature range of 10–90 °C and pH values from 2–12. The optimum pH activities for trypsin and chymotrypsin were at alkaline pH and for total proteolytic activity at acidic pH. The results using protease inhibitors showed that the eggs had serine protease activity. The optimum temperature activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin was 50 °C. These proteases were stable up to 40 °C. Due to the importance of pH and temperature in life cycle of Fasciola hepatica, these findings can be used for induction of some modifications in pH and preventing the activity of the enzyme for decrement of the efficacy of embryonic development and egg hatching of this zoonotic parasite.


Autopsy Study of fetuses was carried out to study Lanugo and Nails in relation to viability and maturity. Nails reach the tip of finger at about 36 weeks and between 36 and 40 weeks they project beyond the tips of the finger. Lanugo is abundant at 28 weeks and at 36 weeks was present only over shoulder or was absent.


Gold traps are part of standard instrumentation to quantitatively pre-concentrate gaseous elemental mercury, Hg0(g), and are a pre-requisite for atmospheric Hg0(g) analysis. High precision mercury stable isotope ratio analysis by on-line coupling of gold traps to multi collector-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) has up to now been problematic due to the transient nature of the signal. We present a new off-line technique, where amalgamated elemental Hg0 is volatilized from the gold trap in an argon gas stream and temporarily stored in a large volume gas tight syringe. Hg0(g) contained in the syringe is then injected on-line into the MC-ICP-MS interface using a syringe pump at a continuous flow rate and resulting in a steady state Hg signal. Different syringe injection schemes are discussed, as well as matrix effects. The 2SD external precision on an in-house Hg0 vapor standard was found to be 0.24‰ for δ202Hg. The method is illustrated for fumerole Hg0(g) emissions at Vulcano (Italy) with δ202Hg of −1.74‰ relative to NIST SRM 3133.


In this paper we discuss extensions to the conventional relational algebra to support transaction time. We show that these extensions are applicable to historical algebras that support valid time, yielding a temporal algebraic language. Since transaction time concerns the storage of information in the database, the notion of state is central. The extensions are formalized using denotational semantics. The additions preserve the useful properties of the conventional relational algebra.


The development of a membrane feeding system, now marketed as HemotekTM, in which the blood is electrically heated to a pre-set temperature and sustained at a chosen level (Cosgrove et al., 1994), has made possible the routine blood feeding of colonized Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) without animals, the use of which is now strictly regulated in some countries. However, in order to utilize the full reproductive potential of mosquitoes taking blood from the HemotekTM system, it is important that the device is as similar as possible to a live animal host in attractiveness. During a build up of stocks of Anopheles stephensi Liston and Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto for use in genetic experiments, it was observed that the output of eggs was low, and the cause was narrowed down to a reluctance to take full blood meals. De Jong & Knols (1995) investigated preferential biting sites of the highly anthropophilic A. gambiae s.s. and concluded that the strongest olfactory stimuli came from unwashed human feet. Therefore an initial small scale experiment was conducted in the insectaries of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to establish what, if any, influence repeatedlyworn sports socks wrapped around the membrane feeding unit would have on blood feeding. The results indicated that the reproductive performance of membrane-fed, colonized mosquitoes could be markedly increased by using this stimulus (Andreasen, 1997). After the initial findings, expanded trials were carried out at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine which took into account the observation by Mboera et al. (1998) that moisture is an attractant to the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say. An independent set of experiments, using slightly different procedures, was carried out at Manchester University, School of Biological Sciences. The results of the two studies are reported here.


We report a cavity optomechanical system in which a nanomechanical resonator is adiabatically embedded inside an optical ring resonator with ultralow transition loss and nearly uncompromised optical quality factor after release of the beam.


By employing the cone compression and the extension fixed point theorem and some analytical skills,we establish the sufficient conditions for the existence of one and multiple positive solutions for nonlinear boundary-value problems of fourth-order differential equations with integral boundary conditions,our results generalize and improve ZHANG Xue-mei et al's results.


Recent studies showed an intricate arrangement of elastin fibers in the walls of small arteries as well as marked differences in elastin content and distribution of cerebral vessels compared to those of mesentery or cremaster muscle. The present studies extended these observations to examine age‐related changes in elastin mRNA expression. Total RNA was extracted from small cerebral and mesenteric arteries of Sprague‐Dawley rats aged 3, 7, 11, 19 days, 2 mths and 2 yrs. Elastin mRNA expression levels were determined using qPCR. Relative expression levels were quantified using the 2−ΔΔCt method. Elastin mRNA levels for both vessel types increased from day 3 to a peak at 11 days after which levels declined throughout life. Peak levels of elastin mRNA expression were significantly greater in mesenteric compared to cerebral vessels (relative expression 24.23±2.90 and 14.78±1.23) and remained elevated at later time‐points. Differences in mRNA expression between cerebral and mesenteric vessels were consistent with earlier observations showing more elastin protein in the adventitia and media of mesenteric arteries. In addition to the temporal pattern of mRNA expression, the data show heterogeneity in magnitude of elastin expression in resistance artery walls from differing vascular beds. Such differences may impact function through their effects on the mechanical environment of the vessel wall. (Supp NIH HL095486)


Objective To find out the influencing factors of students′ smoking in Beijing.Methods Students from 4 colleges,6 high and 6 primary schools were selected by stratified cluster sampling to conduct questionnaire survey.Results The rate of students who ever smoked was 22.5%.The rate of students who used cigarettes during the last 30 days prior to the survey was 8.5%.And the rate of students who smoked more than one cigarette during the last 30 days(viz.the smoking rate) was 7.2%.The rate was different between male and female and among colleges,high and primary school students,as well as among those with or without smoking friends.If one or both of their parents smoked,the students were more likely smoking in a rate of 25.2%.The smoking rate of male students(12.9%) was higher than that of females(2.0%).The smoking rate of college students(16.4%) was the highest.And the smoking rate of students whose good friends mostly smoked(16.4%) was the highest.Only 17.2% of students under 18 years old were refused to buy cigarettes during the last 30 days prior to the survey.96.8% of smoking students could buy cigarettes,more easily than non-smoking students(78.6%).Some of the smoking students thought that smoking enhanced their attraction to the opposite sex.Conclusion The smoking rate of Beijing students was high.Effective intervention measures must be taken to prevent students to become smokers or to help smoking students give up cigarettes.


The present thermoelectric semiconductor integrated into the commercially available thermoelectric units are not designed elaborately for low temperature difference operation. Those elements available in the room-temperature range are usually applicable for the temperature difference around 60 K with relatively poor coefficient of performance. For air-conditioning purposes, it is expected that the thermoelectric energy conversion will have a high coefficient of performance as well as economical advantage because of the low temperature difference operation.

This paper describes basic and analytical considerations for low temperature-difference operation, and also the new design systems desired from viewpoints of the effective and economical use of environmental energy. An appropriate design allows a drastic economy in the material and also a drastic improvement in the coefficient of performance, and it is possible to put the material, with the presently available figure of merit, in practical use.

The availability of a simple cascade connection is discussed for the operation under some increased temperature difference. The concept of the cooling or heating systems using thermoelectric units driven by a solar-cell array will also be proposed and experimental results will be illustrated.


Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) or kalazar is a fatal neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania , belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. Leishmania donovani complex are the causative agents of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia and its burden is a public health problem where every year health facilities report thousands of cases and hundreds of deaths. Hematological abnormalities are the common presentation for human with Visceral Leishmaniasis , which comprises anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Therefore; this study aimed to assess hematological abnormalities among Visceral Leishmaniasis patients attending Gondar University Hospital using a cross sectional study design. Socio-demographic data on 414 Visceral Leishmaniasis patients having complete records on hematological parameters collected from the laboratory log book and hospital chart by using a structured data collection sheet. Data was entered and analyze by using SPSS version 20. From the total 414 Visceral Leishmaniasis patients, 405(97.8%) were males and 9(2.2%) were females. The overall magnitude of anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and Lymphopenia was 94.4%, 95.4%, 90.1%, 90.1% and 37.9% respectively. There was a significant association between age and prevalence of anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The finding of the study shows with predominant existence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Thus, specific diagnosis and monitoring of hematological abnormalities is required for early treatment of the disease and decreases mortality rate due to these abnormalities.


The invention discloses a degradable magnesium alloy nerve conduit for nerve defect repair and a preparing method of the degradable magnesium alloy nerve conduit. The degradable magnesium alloy nerve conduit is in a circular tube shape, the tube wall of the degradable magnesium alloy nerve conduit is provided with multiple lines of through holes, the through holes in each line are axially arranged along a circular tube at equal distances, and the through holes in adjacent lines are arranged in a staggered way. The invention also relates to the preparing method of the degradable magnesium alloy nerve conduit. The preparing method comprises the following steps of step 1, processing a 45-degree conical surface at one end of a magnesium alloy tube blank, carrying out extrusion, and obtaining a magnesium alloy intermediate tube material; step 2, obtaining a capillary tube after carrying out multi-pass rolling and drawing on the magnesium alloy intermediate tube material; step 3,carrying out stress relief annealing on the capillary tube, carrying out heat preservation, laser cutting and punching, and obtaining a porous conduit; step 4, carrying out acid pickling on the porous conduit in an ultrasound cleaning machine, and then just carrying out electrochemical polishing treatment. According to the preparing method of the degradable magnesium alloy nerve conduit, disclosed by the invention, the technology is simple, and the prepared porous degradable magnesium alloy nerve conduit for the nerve defect repair is uniform in wall thickness and smooth in surface.


Restenosis is a common complication after percutaneous coronary interventions, and is characterized by excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). We have shown that the nuclear receptor Nur77 protects against SMC-rich lesion formation and it has been demonstrated that 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) enhances Nur77 activity. We hypothesized that 6-MP inhibits neointima formation through activation of Nur77. It is demonstrated that 6-MP increases Nur77 activity in cultured SMCs, resulting in reduced [H]thymidine incorporation, whereas Nur77 siRNA-knockdown partially restores DNA synthesis. Furthermore, we studied the effect of 6-MP in a murine model of cuff-induced neointima formation. Nur77 mRNA is upregulated in cuffed arteries, with optimal expression after 6 hours and elevated Nur77 mRNA up to 7 days after vascular injury. Local perivascular delivery of 6-MP, using a drug-eluting cuff, significantly inhibits neointima formation in wild-type mice. Locally applied 6MP does not affect inflammatory responses or apoptosis, but inhibits expression of PCNA and enhances protein levels of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 in the vessel wall. An even stronger inhibition of neointima formation in response to local 6-MP delivery was observed in transgenic mice overexpressing Nur77. In contrast, 6-MP does not alter lesion formation in transgenic mice overexpressing a dominant-negative variant of Nur77 in arterial SMCs, providing evidence for the involvement of Nur77like factors. Enhancing the activity of Nur77 by 6-MP protects against excessive SMC proliferation and SMC-rich neointima formation. We propose that activation of the nuclear receptor Nur77 is a rational approach to treat (in-stent) restenosis.


M oricizine HC1 (USAN; also known as moracizine HC1, INN; or Ethmozine, the proprietary name found in existing literature) is a phenothiazine derivative newly marketed in the United States for the clinical management of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Moricizine pharmacokinetics have not been reported in renal insufficiency; however, several early reviews3 relying solely on the published account of a single arrhythmia patient with diminished renal function,4 report an unusually long elimination t112. In this patient, the t112 for moricizine was 47.5 hours. A recent review5 questioned the validity of this long terminal t112 in this patient in light of the extensive hepatic elimination of moricizine and the fact that enterohepatic recycling does occur with the drug. We have examined the data from the single patient with diminished renal function to reevaluate the reported t,2. Preliminary results are also reported from an on-going study in healthy subjects and subjects who are undergoing hemodialysis. The patient was a 65-year-old black man who weighed 85.9 kg and measured 166.4 cm in height at the start of the study. Although the patient was 41% over the ideal body weight (60.9 kg) and under treatment for hypertension, Parkinson's disease, and adult-onset diabetes, he did not have evidence of cardiac insufficiency or overt signs of renal failure. The creatinine clearance of the patient of 55.7 mL/min was 31% less than the age-adjusted value for a 65year-old healthy man (80.4 mL/min).6 At the time of study, the patient was taking hydrochlorothiazide,


This paper designed a open library digital resources retrieval system based on Internet technologies, systems multi-granularity indexing technology is adopted to establish the index database of digital resources, using reverse maximum matchingalgorithm segmentation, enhance the retrieval ability of the system. Test results show that the system on the precision and recallrate and F- measure obtained good results.


Geology alumni of Illinois State University were surveyed to determine the extent to which they felt field camp contributed to their professional and personal growth. The results emphasize that practicing geoscientists are required to perform tasks and use skills that are typically emphasized at field camp. Seventy percent have been required to do geologic mapping. Approximately 90% have worked with topographic maps, geologic maps made by others, and geologic cross sections. Over 85% have had to identify and describe earth materials and keep field notes and records. Only 11.6% have done plane-table mapping. Ninety-three percent of respondents say that field camp is essential to a geology curriculum. Some geology programs have eliminated, reduced, or are considering de-emphasizing field camp as a part of the required curriculum. This is a grave mistake that short-changes students and leaves them ill-prepared for a professional career. A secondary finding from the survey is that the field-camp experience is...


ABSTRACT For uniform measure δ Gaussian filter, Part I derives the totally analytical aFNS theory closing rigorously space filtered Navier–Stokes (NS) partial differential equation (PDE) system absent a Reynolds number (Re) assumption. aFNS theory state variable is scaled O(1; δ2; δ3) via classic fluid mechanics perturbation theory which also identifies the O(δ2) elliptic PDE system. Filter penetration of domain bounding surfaces requires O(1) PDE system inclusion of boundary commutation error (BCE) integrals. For the O(1; δ2), PDE system to be bounded domain well-posed requires derivation of domain encompassing nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions (DBC). Resolution of BCE and DBC requirements is theorized via O(δ4) approximate deconvolution (AD) Galerkin differential definition weak form algorithms. Amenable to any space-time discretization, detailed is aFNS theory insertion in the optimal Galerkin weak form CFD algorithm, finite element linear tensor product basis implemented. Coupled Galerkin CFD/BCE/DBC code a posteriori data reported herein validate theory resolution algorithms including accuracy/convergence assessments.


The polarity of possible interpretation is well illustrated by two 1967 productions of A Midsummer Night's Dream. In Stratford, Connecticut, Cyril Ritchard directing as well as playing Bottom and Oberon, had the stage aglitter with tinsel and shimmering weeds in a charming fairy tale for the entire family, a contemporary version of the "pretty toy"' style used earlier by Beerbohm Tree and Max Reinhardt.


Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) is becoming prevalent disease in nowadays lifestyle while not being restricted to individuals with uncontrolled alcohol intake. Early diagnosis can prevent advanced irreversible liver disease, liver failure and ultimately can save lives. Computational methods reduce the operator dependability and hence improve diagnostic reliability. Most of these methods are based on automated analysis of Computed Tomography (CT), Ultrasound (US), and Magnetic Resonance (MRI) images. Besides the high costs and harmful radiation involved in the conventional imaging tools, the outcome of the automated imaging strongly depends on the image quality. To address the shortcomings of current tools, we propose an electromagnetic system, including an antenna operating across the band 0.4-1 GHz as a data acquisition device and a supervised Machine Learning (ML) framework to learn an inferring model for FLD directly from collected data. This paper reports the system configuration, ML problem setup and the obtained results, which show an accuracy of more than 97% for the simulated torso model.


This paper constructs the assessment indicator system for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on several fronts such as management and administration systems, the economic, social and environmental performances; the CSR assessment model is therefore established based on the improved matter-element analysis model, by which the performance of corporate CSRs is comprehensively assessed and applied to examine it for theoretical availability and feasibility by a specific study case.


Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are decorated with Pt nanoparticles by a "layer-by-layer" approach using poly (sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly (diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of the samples confirm Pt deposition on surfaces of CNTs. Dispersibility and dispersion stability of MWCNTs in the solvents are enhanced when MWCNTs are coated with Pt nanoparticles. Mg AZ91 composites reinforced with MWCNTs are then produced by a melt stirring process. Compression tests of the composites show that adding 0.05% wt Pt-coated MWCNTs in AZ91 improves the composite's mechanical properties compared to the pure AZ91 and pristine MWCNT/AZ91. Fracture surface analysis of the composite using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows individual pulled out MWCNTs in the case of the Pt-coated MWCNT/AZ91 composites. This finding can be attributed to the uniform dispersion of Pt-coated MWCNTs in Mg due to the improved wettability of Pt-coated MWCNTs in Mg melts. The study of the pull-out behaviour of pristine and Pt-coated CNTs from an Mg matrix using molecular dynamics simulation supports this interpretation.


Increasing employee morale is an important factor so company can achieves their goals. This study aims to describe and analyze the influence of the work environments also work discipline on the morale of employees of the Security Services Division of PT. Cipta Esavira Sejahtera. The data used is primary data, namely data collected through questionnaire distributed to employees of the Security Services Division of PT. Cipta Esavira Sejahtera which consisted of 42 employees and the sample used was 42 respondents. The Likert scale is used as a measurement. The sampling technique using an saturated sampling techniques. Meanwhile, the analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS). The result of this study are: 1.) The work environment affects the morale of employees; 2.) Work discipline affects the morale of employees.


This article reviews the literature on migration and HIV infections in the Mekong Region countries of Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam. The HIV/AIDS situation is profiled in each country. The populations at risk include legal and undocumented cross-border migrants, internal migrants, sex workers, and mobile occupational persons, such as truck drivers, fishermen, seafarers, and cross-border traders. Currently, there is little regional cooperation on the issue of HIV among migrants. Prevalence is high in most of the region. Programs range from being very developed in Thailand to minimal in China. Recently, nongovernmental organizations have created innovative models. AIDSCAP studies have focused on river trade routes along the Thai-Lao border and fishing ports in Thailand and Cambodia. The Asian Research Center for Migration has researched fishermen in 6 countries; Burmese women in Thailand; migrants along the Thai-Myanmar borders; and the impact of transportation routes on the spread of HIV/AIDS along six main inter-country routes. Coordination of Action Research has engaged in research and action projects in 8 southeast Asian countries. The region would benefit from information exchanges about lessons learned and best practices. Field researchers could use better technical support. Regional strategies are useful for providing support from origin to destination.


The possibility that a moderate earthquake may be followed by an equal or larger one (foreshock probability) increases the hazard in its immediate vicinity for a short time by an order of magnitude or more. Thus, foreshock probabilities are of interest for time-dependent seismic hazard forecasts. We calculate the probability of an initial earthquake (a foreshock) being followed by a mainshock in New Zealand, considering the parameters of elapsed time and distance and magnitude differences between foreshock and mainshock. We use nonaftershock events between 1964 and 2007, with magnitude ≥4.0 and shallower than 40 km, separating the catalog into events within and outside the Taupo volcanic zone (TVZ). We provide a model for the probability P ( t , r , δM ) that at time t after a potential foreshock (FS) of magnitude M FS and at distance r , a mainshock with magnitude M FS+ δM will occur: P ( t , r , δM )= P ×10(- BδM )( t + c t )- p t ( r + c r )- p r , where P , B , p t , c t , p r , and c r are constants to be determined.

We find that (1) binning data using fixed intervals of time or space before fitting the parameters returns different values than a more robust approach of fitting directly the entire range, (2) foreshock probabilities decrease with increasing interevent time as described by a modified Omori law with an exponent p t close to 1 (0.9±0.2 [TVZ] and 0.8±0.1 elsewhere—uncertainty estimates are 95% confidence intervals throughout this study), (3) foreshock probabilities decrease with increasing epicentral distance also following a modified Omori type decay with exponent p r of 0.9±0.2 (non-TVZ) and 1.7±0.6 (TVZ), and (4) the mainshock magnitude distribution follows the Gutenberg–Richter relationship ( B =1.0±0.17 [non-TVZ] and 1.5±0.5 [TVZ]). The differences between the TVZ and the rest of New Zealand are consistent with higher attenuation in the region, deduced from previous studies.


This paper address itself to linear analog soft fault diagnosis by means of node voltage increment ratio fault dictionary approach. The fundamental theory of node voltage increment ratio for linear analog soft fault diagnosis is proposed in this paper. How to extend some points of view in geometry to analog fault diagnosis is also proposed. In case of considering component tolerance, four geometric models based on the node voltage increment ratio fault dictionary are designed to improve the accuracy of fault identification. An example verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the theory and the models, and the obtained results manifest the usabilities of them.


Abstract Fatty acids (FAs) are a very important group of raw materials for chemical industry, and the technology of separating or purifying the FAs from the reaction product mixture has always been the hotspot of research. Membrane processes for separation of FAs are being increasingly reported. Compared with conventional FAs separation methods, membrane separation has the advantages of low energy consumption, system compactness, high separation efficiency, easy scale-up, high available surface area per unit volume and low working temperatures, thereby attracting considerable attention of many researchers. In this regards, this paper critically reviewed the developments of methods for FAs separation and purification, and the future prospects of coupling membrane technology with hydrolysis for enhanced production of FAs.


This study examines the relationships of gender and ethnic differences in the experiences of stressful life events, coping-specific responses, and self-reported depression. Seventy high-school aged respondents, 40 boys and 30 girls, responded to a self-reported questionnaire that asked questions on the perceived distress of related life events (i.e., person, family, peer, acculturation events), coping-specific responses, and depression. The findings provide important data on gender and ethnic variations in the ways Southeast Asian-American adolescents deal with life stress and depression. These findings have important implications for social work practice and future research on the psychosocial adjustment with both immigrant and ethnic children and adolescents.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of falling commodity prices on farm debt usage of corn and soybean farms, and how this debt usage differs based on the financial leverage of the farm.,Using panel data on farms surveyed at least twice in the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) from 1996 to 2015, this paper uses a difference-in-differences approach to measure the effect of low commodity price shocks on financially vulnerable farms. To account for the correlation in the error structure between the three dependent variables (real estate debt, non-real estate debt, and interest payments) we use a seemingly unrelated regression approach.,Following a commodity price shock, financially vulnerable farms (debt-to-asset ratio greater than 40 percent) were found to increase their non-real estate debt when compared with non-financially vulnerable farms. Off-farm business income was found to help farms reduce real estate debt and interest payments in the face of these shocks.,Data consist of corn and soybean farms surveyed more than once in the ARMS from 1996 to 2015 and are not representative of all US farms, but have similar characteristics to US commercial farms.,The results indicate that financially vulnerable commercial crop farms respond to lower prices by taking on non-real estate debt, increasing financial stress. Well-targeted federal programs could prevent further financial stress for this group.,This is the first paper to use unbalanced panel data from ARMS to examine how farm debt use responds to commodity prices. This paper can inform policymakers about the financial risks to farms resulting from the current low-price environment.


In a parallel universe, do cartoons watch people for entertainment? We clearly like to have fun over here… On a real note, how do cartoons brand themselves and what is the message they are trying to get across? If brands could choose a cartoon by which to be sponsored, which one would it be? Why?…


| Soft-input/soft-output symbol decoding plays a signiicant role in iterative decoding. We propose a simple optimal soft-input/soft-output symbol decoding algorithm for linear block codes which requires one forward recursion using a trellis. For many codes the decoding complexity is lower than previous methods, such as the algorithm by Bahl et. al. 1], and the decrease is shown at its most when decoding Hamming codes.


We report on the energy band gap and band lineup of $\mathrm{SiGe}∕\mathrm{Si}$ heterostructures either in the case of coherently strained quantum wells or in the case of $\mathrm{SiGe}∕\mathrm{Si}$ self-assembled islands. We take into account the strain field and the quantum confinement effects through an accurate description of the conduction band including the $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ and $L$ bands. The strain field is calculated using a microscopic valence force field theory. The conduction-band diagram and energies are obtained from a 30-band $\mathbf{k}∙\mathbf{p}$ Hamiltonian accounting for the strain through the Bir-Pikus Hamiltonian. The band-edge description is first given for biaxially strained pseudomorphic $\mathrm{SiGe}$ layers. In $\mathrm{SiGe}$ quantum wells grown on relaxed silicon, the band line-up switches from type I to type II depending on the value of the average valence band offset. Applying the 30-band formalism to the case of heterostructures grown on relaxed silicon germanium buffer layers indicates that a better agreement with experimental data is obtained for a valence-band offset value $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{E}_{v}=0.54x$ where $x$ is the Ge composition. For this parameter, a type-II band lineup is thus expected for all compositions of pseudomorphic $\mathrm{SiGe}$/relaxed Si heterostructures. For $\mathrm{GeSi}∕\mathrm{Si}$ islands, we take into account the strain relaxation in the surrounding Si matrix. A type-II band lineup is predicted for all Ge compositions. The near-infrared interband recombination energy of the islands is calculated as a function of their $\mathrm{SiGe}$ composition.


Abstract This article reports on the application of an advanced reduction process (ARP) that combines ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and dithionite to remove selenium from solution. Batch kinetic removal of selenite (Se(IV)) and selenate (Se(VI)) with the dithionite/UV ARP at different pH were evaluated under anaerobic conditions and a removal mechanism was proposed. Resolubilization of selenium was observed for all pH (7, 8, and 9) after 15 to 20 min, which was the time when dithionite was completely consumed. A hypothesis was proposed that selenium first was reduced to elemental Se by radicals formed from photolysis of dithionite. Then, it was resolubilized by reaction with oxidizing radicals formed by photolysis of dithionite degradation products. A kinetic model for dithionite photolysis and a second-order model for precipitation of selenium were developed to describe selenium removal. Experimental data were used in nonlinear regressions to estimate quantum yields and second-order rate constants. Lowest...


The problem of reflection/refraction of elastic waves at the plane interface between orthotropic micropolar elastic half-space and micropolar thermoelastic half-space with voids is investigated. We obtain amplitude and energy ratios of those reflected and refracted waves due to the incident longitudinal wave. It is observed that these ratios are functions of angle of incidence, micropolar, thermal and voids parameters. The effect of micro-inertia on the amplitude and energy ratios are studied numerically and analytically for a particular model. AMS subject classification:


The authors used model results from Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) to test the linearity of the climate response to external forcings. The authors first constructed a climate emulator based on a convolution of impulse response function using results from GeoMIP G1 simulations involving abrupt changes in atmospheric CO2 and solar irradiance. Then the authors used the climate emulator to predict climate consequences of the GeoMIP G2 simulations involving gradual change in atmospheric CO2 and solar irradiance. For climate variables including temperature, precipitation, and annual mean Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent, the emulator does a good job in reproducing climate model simulated temporal evolution and spatial distribution. The use of impulse response function to emulate climate model results is not new. The novelty of this study is that it extends the application of impulse response function to the simulations involving both CO2 and solar forcing. This extension ad-


ABSTRACT Three studies are reported that deal with individual differences among children in the use of consonants during the early period of phonological development. The findings indicated that (1) children differ in their early phonologies, yet these differences do not extend beyond certain limits, (2) the linguistic environment cannot account for a number of these phonological differences, and (3) such differences are due in part to the fact that children's use of sounds varies considerably with the lexical items being produced. Modifications in theories of child phonology are suggested in order to account for these findings.


GemSin ultrathin superlattices have been grown on (001) Si substrates and partly capped with Si. Raman scattering from acoustic phonons in the long‐wavelength region shows unexpectedly intense broad peaks that develop into an increased number of sharper intense peaks on capping. We identify these peaks with resonant phonon modes and use a linear chain model to expose the importance of substrate‐superlattice‐capping layer interactions in these multilayer structures.


Zhang Zai's school of Guanzhong contains a rich doctrine of ecological philosophy.Zhang Zai introduced the proposition of "the world ought to be cared for" in his Western Memorials,which not only succeeded and synthesized the ecological intelligence of the antiquity,but also deeply experienced the problems in current environment.Zhang regarded the world as the object of moral concern,which showed his defense of natural order,his respect for other loving things,and his concern for non-living existences.Zhang's affirmation of the value of the order of nature,his ethical self-consciousness in worshipping the world,and his integrity of the doctrine of "caring for the world" formed the framework of his ecological philosophy.And the implications of his ecological ethics coincide interestingly with modern ecological philosophy.


Although testing starts with individual programs, programs are rarely self-contained in real software environments. They depend on external subsystems like language run time and operating system libraries for various functionalities. These subsystems are developed externally to any given program, with their own test processes. Of course, an uncoordinated change in one of the external subsystems may affect the program's correctness. Test teams therefore add an integration testing step to their process to ensure that programs will continue to operate with different versions of the external subsystems. As full testing may take days or weeks to run, it is useful to understand how to prioritize these tests. We present an integration testing system to understand and quantify the impact of a change, so test teams can focus their testing efforts on the most likely affected parts of the program. Detecting the impact of a change is a hard problem due to the size and complexity of the control and data dependencies involved. Our new approach is based on a binary dependency framework, MaX, that determines control and data dependencies in a system and represents them in a dependency graph. MaX is designed to work on systems consisting of thousands of binaries and millions of procedures. It constructs the graph in multiple steps to allow the analysis of individual binaries to proceed in parallel. MaX provides simple abstractions for defining systems, and provides a simple programming interface to tools for analysis of the graph. The integration testing system also contains two tools that use MaX to advise test teams. MaxCift quantifies the effect of a change to guide how much testing is likely to be needed. MaxScout prioritizes an existing set of tests based on changes made to external subsystems. All of the tools use a binary code based approach that does not require source code for external subsystems, an important requirement for practical use. MaX runs under the Windows environment and is used by Microsoft product teams. Early results show that the system scales to production software and is effective in guiding testing.


This report applies a Job plot analysis to demonstrate that dialkyl Zn reagents mediate chain transfer between Hf-pyridyl amido polymerization catalysts and AlR3 chain-transfer agents. Polyoctene produced in the presence of both ZnEt2 and AlEt3 is lower in molecular weight and has a narrower distribution than polyoctene produced in the presence of ZnEt2 alone. I2 labeling and NMR analysis of polymer chain ends enable quantification of the amount of Zn- and Al-polymeryls produced during polymerization. A Job plot of the number of Zn and Al polymer chains produced versus the mole fraction of ZnEt2 at constant moles of Zn + Al reveals a nonlinear relationship. The nonlinearity of the Job plot indicates cooperative exchange between Zn and Al. The chain-transfer agent, AlEt3, inhibits initiation, but not propagation, of polymerization as catalyzed by the Hf-pyridyl amido complex. This inhibition can be obviated by a two-step polymerization protocol. AliBu3 does not inhibit initiation or propagation and can be ...


Experienced teachers are well aware of the benefits of family involvement in children's education. In the past, parental support was always thought to be a critical component of education, and teachers assumed, whether accurately or not, that parents supported their efforts and expectations for children's learning. Yet in contemporary society issues about parental support and involvement are complicated by diverse family arrangements and vast socio-cultural differences among classroom teachers, children and families. The focus of this study is to analyze how children coming from child headed families who are often marginalized, are affected by poverty, tribalism, language and cultural differences, and the absence of parental socialization influence their performance at school. This research will make use of mixed methodology which involves descriptive surveys, interviews, focus group discussions and ethnographic studies. Data will be collected from children, Heads of schools and policy makers in the Ministry of Education. These respondents provided information on how children in child headed families perform in school setting. Qualitative data will be analyzed using grounded theory. In this article, we attempt to describe the situation of double orphans (having lost both parents) who are heading sibling-headed households in Zvishavane District, Zimbabwe. The term "sibling-headed households" is used because we have included young adult orphans who were under the age of 18 when they started acting as breadwinners after both parents had died. I. Background to the study The child-headed household is a rapidly growing phenomenon in contemporary Africa in general and Zimbabwe in particular mainly due to increased death rates of parents caused by HIV and AIDS and the weakened state of the extended family safety net in taking up care and raising responsibilities for orphaned and vulnerable children. Communities with high rates of HIV/AIDS infection have for many years experienced a rapid increase in the number of children becoming orphaned. Therefore regions and countries with high levels of HIV/AIDS will continue to have an increasingly higher number of double orphans as the pandemic advances. According to the Zvishavane District Local Government, one of the reasons for the increasing number of orphans and other vulnerable children living on their own is the combination of poverty and the increasing intrahousehold dependency. This study focused on the performance of children from child headed families in Zimbabwe. The study identified the challenges of the child-headed household and explored how they influence the academic performance of primary school students from such households in Zvishavane. In traditional African societies the child-headed household was assumed to be non-existent since orphans would be easily and naturally looked after within the households of their extended families (Foster et al, 1997; Naicker and Tsenhase2004). In this set up, the extended family acted as a social security safety net for vulnerable children. The responsibility of caring for orphans has become a major problem due to poverty which is undermining the extended family's capacity to cope with orphans (Foster et al, 1997).The child-headed household has emerged as a context of child development due to the disintegrating extended family as a safety net. In this household, older children are usually forced to take up adult responsibilities of care and support for younger siblings and vulnerable elders with little or no support from the extended family and government when they themselves still need adult support and guidance. It appears as if the socio-economic conditions of this household do not foster cultural experiences which enhance academic performance. The majority of studies on child headed families in sub-Saharan Africa have focused on their physical and socioeconomic factors, such as access to education, food, shelter and clothing, factors which are observable and therefore easier to address. The focus of this study is to evaluate to what extent orphans cope with the responsibility of looking after other siblings and their academic performance in primary schools. II. Statement of the problem A large number of children in sub Saharan Africa especially in Southern Africa are the hardest hit by the effects of Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The number of children becoming orphans is increasing sharply in Zimbabwe. The death of parents is leaving a large number of orphans who remain in child headed families. These children tend to be orphaned by AIDS at a younger age and they then look after Performance in Schools by Students from Child Headed Families in Zimbabwe: Successes Problems.. DOI: 10.9790/7388-0603013741 www.iosrjournals.org 38 | Page themselves. This study seeks to establish to what extent orphans cope with the responsibility of looking after other siblings and their academic performance in primary schools. III. Research questions  What role does socialization from the child who heads the family play in influencing his / her performance at school and the performance of his/ her siblings?  To what extent do the orphans cope with school performance whilst living in child headed families?  What role are teachers and administrators playing in the education and counseling of the children living in child headed families? IV. Research objectives This study seeks to:  Identify the role which socialization from the child who heads the family plays in influencing his / her performance at school and the performance of his/ her siblings  Establish the extent to which the orphans cope with school performance whilst living in child headed


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Wenyang Qiangxin decoction and its effect on RAAS of patiens with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods Sixty case of patients with CHF(Yang deficiency and liquid stagnation syndrome) were selected and randomly divided into treatment group and control group,and treated with Wenyang Qiangxin decoction and enalapril respectively for four weeks.The therapeutic effect on classification of cardiac function,Chinese medical syndromes,heart failure score,Ang Ⅱ and ALD in plasma were observed.Reslults There was no significant difference between the two groups on cardiac function and heart failure score(P 0.05).Wenyang Qiangxin decoction was better than enalapril on Chinese medical syndromes,with significant difference(P0.05).Significant decease of Ang Ⅱ and ALD were found in the two groups(P 0.01),with no significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05).Conclusion Wenyang Qiangxin decoction can improve the heart function and symptoms of CHF patients,decrease Ang Ⅱ and ALD.Its efficacy on Chinese medical syndromes is superior to enalapril.


Studies have shown that a water spray may augment the laser ablation rate of dental hard tissues in addition to reducing heat accumulation. However, the mechanism of augmentation is controversial and poorly understood. The influence of an optically thick applied water layer on the ablation rate was investigated at wavelengths in which water is a primary absorber and the magnitude of absorption varies markedly. Water was manually applied with a pipette and troughs were cut in enamel blocks using a laser scanning system. Q- switched and free running Er:YSGG and Er:YAG, free running Ho:YAG and 9.6 micrometers TEA CO2 laser systems were investigated. The addition of water increased the rate of ablation and produced a more desirable surface morphology during enamel ablation with all the erbium systems. Ablation was markedly more efficient for the Q-switched erbium lasers than for the longer free-running laser systems when a water layer was added. Although, the addition of a thick water layer reduced the rate of ablation during CO2 laser ablation, the addition of the water removed undesirable deposits of non-apatite mineral phases from the crater surface. There was extensive peripheral damage after irradiation with the Ho:YAG laser with and without added water without effective ablation of enamel. The results of this study suggest that water augments the ablation of dental enamel by aiding in the removal of loosely attached deposits of non-apatite mineral phase from the crater surface, thus producing a more desirable crater surface morphology. The non-apatite mineral phase interfere with subsequent laser pulses during erbium laser irradiation reducing the rate of ablation and their removal aids in maintaining efficient ablation during multiple pulses irradiation.


The demi-Irishness of my family had never been a matter of great concern: below the level of conscious thought it appeared to account for certain combative instincts as well as some of the usefully creative perceptions brought to the service of Ž lm-making ... At a more 'documentary' level, I was intrigued by the apparent historical truth of my grandfather's coming to England; and his life and thoughts as an Irish working man before he ended up, a Catholic, below a slate grave-slab in a Church of England graveyard in Staffordshire [1].


During the past two decades, with the emergence of globalization and information economy, knowledge has become a core resource of organization, knowledge management (KM) presents an increasing importance at different levels, but how KM is applied in the public sector has not been sufficiently discussed. Negligence of context, over borrowed theories, concepts and frameworks from enterprise KM turned learning government into an alternative strategic objective of government KM in China. In this paper, the authors discuss the unreality of learning government by analysis of the conflict between organizational learning capability and bureaucracies' constraint; outline the characteristics of core competence to realize knowledge value for Chinese government agencies. By introduction of absorptive capacity framework and comparison with learning capability, this paper points out that as a context-embedded relative competence, the formation and development of absorptive capacity mostly depend on inter-organizational dyadic relation in a social network instead of intra-organizational structure, process and culture changes, it's more appropriate as the strategic orientation of Chinese government KM considering of bureaucracies context. This paper also simply analyzes the main approaches about reinforcement of absorptive capacity. At the same time, this heuristic perspective waits for the comprehensive examinations by further empirical researches.


In our culture, mental health is explained through a sound efficient mind with controlled emotions. A mentally healthy person when threatened with conflicts and frustrations maintains balance by working against stress. Mental health is the ability to adjust satisfactorily in social and emotionally challenging situations. Mental hygiene is a means to sustain and developmental health.
Mental health has got several dimensions. These are preservation, prevention, remedy, and of course developmental dimension. Individual needs to maintain emotional control and manage stress to face the challenges of life. Here comes the preservation of mental health. A preventive measure is designed to develop necessary skills that reduce the chances of occurrence of any mental health problem. The remedial measures are taken when the problem already exists. The developmental dimensions aim at increasing the intentional functioning of the mental mechanisms. This includes techniques of coping with mental health crises in life before they arise.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3873892


A new theory and realization methodology for real-time inverse-systems is developed. This new theory, based on the assumption of a linearized dynamical system and uncertain, waveform-structured input signals s(t), effectively overcomes the long-standing difficulties of realizing inverse-systems for systems that have "more poles than zeros" and/or have "zeros in the right-half plane". The results obtained here are derived also for time-varying linear dynamical systems with vector input signals s(t)=(s/sub 1/(t), ..., s/sub r/(t)) and/or vector output measurements y(t)=(y/sub 1/(t), ..., y/sub m/(t)).<<ETX>>


Based on the panel data of 306 cities in China from 2002 to 2012, this paper investigates China's road transport fuel (i.e., gasoline and diesel) demand system by using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) and the Quadratic AIDS (QUAIDS) models. The results indicate that own-price elasticities for different vehicle categories range from −1.215 to −0.459 (by AIDS) and from −1.399 to −0.369 (by QUAIDS). Then, this study estimates the air pollution emissions (CO, NOx and PM2.5) and public health damages from the road transport sector under different oil price shocks. Compared to the base year 2012, results show that a fuel price rise of 30% can avoid 1,147,270 tonnes of pollution emissions; besides, premature deaths and economic losses decrease by 16,149 cases and 13,817.953 million RMB yuan respectively; while based on the non-linear health effect model, the premature deaths and total economic losses decrease by 15,534 and 13,291.4 million RMB yuan respectively. Our study combines the fuel demand and health evaluation models and is the first attempt to address how oil price changes influence public health through the fuel demand system in China. Given its serious air pollution emission and substantial health damages, this paper provides important insights for policy makers in terms of persistent increasing in fuel consumption and the associated health and economic losses.


It is related that Dr. Everett was once asked by the professor of systematics in another institution what subjects he found it possible to discuss in a non-denominational school of theology. The question was a silly one, for it assumed that in such a school no teacher gives utterance to the particular views which determine his own denominational affiliations, whereas, in Harvard at any rate, each instructor expresses without hesitation or reserve his entire thought, not seeking to present a composite picture but trusting that his instruction will blend with that of his colleagues to impress upon the minds of his students, whatever distinctive features they may finally adopt, the deep common lines of Christian faith. Characteristically, however, Dr. Everett did not point out the false presupposition of the question, but mentioned some of the principal topics considered in his lectures,—the nature of religion, the thought of God as Absolute Spirit, and the like,—to which the inquirer replied in some surprise, Why, we take all those things for granted. Dr. Everett answered mildly, I wish we could. It was a thoroughly characteristic remark not only because of the humor of its gentle rebuke, so gentle that probably the victim did not realize that his head was off, but also on account of its utter fidelity to his own theory and practice. He did not take fundamental things for granted; hence it was that while students in other theological schools were articulating a body of divinity, Dr. Everett's pupils were searching into the deep things of the spirit. For he was, first of all, a philosopher whose religious nature made him a theologian. The twenty-fifth chapter, of the thirty-five which make up the recently published volume upon Theism and the Christian Faith, begins with the words, "It may seem as though we were only now beginning our examination of the content of Christian faith." Doubtless it would have seemed so to most of his contemporaries in theological chairs, but it was precisely in the relation between the Christian faith, as he conceived it, and the profound metaphysics of the preceding chapters, that Dr. Everett found the supreme worth of Christianity and the assurance of its absoluteness. The heart of a worshipper made the mind of a philosopher that of a Christian theologian.


The biosynthesis of nanoparticles has received increasing attention due to the growing need to develop safe, cost-effective and environmentally friendly technologies for nanomaterials synthesis. In the present investigation, we report, biomedical potential of silver nanopaticles synthesized from extract of Rosmarinus officinalis on different pathogenic bacteria, yeast and toxicity against human acute promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell line. 10 mL of extract was mixed with 90 mL of 2 mM or 1mM aqueous AgNO3 and heated at 70 °C for 3min. A change from yellowish to dark brown colour was observed. Characterization using UV-VIS spectrophotometery and X- ray diffraction analysis were performed. Antimicrobial activity against six microorganisms was tested using disc diffusion method and cytoxicity test using MTT was obtained on the human leukemia cell line (HL-60). The synthesized silver nanoparticles efficiently inhibited various pathogenic organisms and reduce viability of the HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It has been demonstrated that the extract of Rosmarinus officinalis are capable of producing silver nanoparticles and these particles are quite stable in solution and further studies are needed to fully characterize the antiproliferative potential to examine whether this would prove to be a novel approach for accelerating anticancer potentials for other cases as well.


From the point of view of National policy,university resources,social needs,subjective wishes of the contemporary university students and their parents,the feasibility of applying the creativity-oriented education in universities and colleges is demonstrated in this paper.


Models are developed to estimate properties of relic cosmic perturbations with "spooky" nonlocal correlations on the inflationary horizon, analogous to those previously posited for information on black hole event horizons. Scalar curvature perturbations are estimated to emerge with a dimensionless power spectral density $\Delta_S^2\approx H t_P$, the inflationary expansion rate $H$ in Planck units, larger than those from standard inflaton fluctuations, but consistent with current measurements of the power spectrum. It is shown that spooky nonlocality creates a unique, directionally antisymmetric signature that may be detectable in CMB anisotropy and large scale galaxy surveys.


Inclusive charged-particle measurements at hadron colliders probe the low-energy non-perturbative region of QCD. The ATLAS collaboration has measured the primary-charged-particle multiplicity and its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity in special data sets with low LHC proton--proton beam currents, recorded at centre-of-mass energies of 8 TeV and 13 TeV. The new precise measurements at 8 TeV cover a wide spectrum of distributions using charged-particle selections with minimum transverse momentum of both 100 MeV and 500 MeV and in various phase-space regions of low and high charged-particle multiplicities. Two measurements at 13 TeV present the first detailed studies with a minimum transverse momentum of 500 MeV and 100 MeV. The measurements are compared with predictions of various MC generators and are found to provide strong constraints on these.


Successfully adapting existing business models or developing new ones significantly influences a firm's ability to generate profits and develop competitive advantages. However, business model innov...


The Slovene-run demining fund has paid a visit to Azerbaijan in a bid to increase its activities in the Transcaucasia and Azerbaijan in particular, as this is one of the world's highly mine-infested countries.


For an elliptic boundary value problem in a threedimensional case,this paper uses the Bramble-Hilbert theory to prove that Lobatto points and Gauss points are the super-convergent points of the three-dimensional interpolation operator of projection type in function and derivative approximations.Then by using the operator and interpolating approximation properties,the paper obtains some super-convergence elementary estimates for the three-dimensional interpolation function of projection type over regular partitions of the domain.Based on the above results,super-convergence of derivatives and function values of finite element approximations is achieved respectively on Gauss points and Lobatto points by way of three-dimensional discrete Green functions and discrete derivative Green functions.