Abstract The relationships among life course socioeconomic status (SES) measures with later life cognition and cognitive decline are unclear. We test the hypothesis that life-course SES is associated with late life level of cognition and rate of cognitive decline. The Rush Memory and Aging Project enrolled 1,864 dementia-free people aged ≥65 years between 1994 – 2018. Participants reported early life (parental education, number of siblings, and childhood financial need), mid-life (income at 40 years), and late life (baseline income) SES. Global cognitive function is a composite of 19 neuropsychological tests, administered annually. We utilized marginal structural models to assess the effect of SES (dichotomized at the median) at three life-course stages on late life global cognitive function and decline. We calculated inverse probability weights to adjust for socio-demographic confounders at each life-course stage. A total 1,063 participants had all relevant variables. Average follow-up was 4.4 years, and mean baseline age was 80.4 years. Most respondents were non-Hispanic white (89.7%) and female (74.1%). In the fully adjusted model, high childhood SES (coefficient 0.10; 95% CI 0.01, 0.20) and high late-life SES were associated with higher cognition intercept (coefficient 0.21; 95% CI 0.09, 0.32). High mid-life SES was associated with slower rate of cognitive decline (coefficient 0.02; 95% CI 0.001, 0.05). Childhood and late-life SES measures were not related to cognitive decline. Childhood and adult SES may reflect processes in building cognitive capacity, while midlife SES may reflect cognition maintenance. Interventions relating to SES across the life-course may benefit later life cognition.


must, therefore, not hesitate to adopt energetic measures for its removal, and there is scarcely $ny affection in which the surgeon can afford his patient greater relief than in this." Surgeons in India are accustomed to find diseases generally presented to them in a much more advanced stage than at home, and stricture is no exception to this rule. If it be granted that the commonest cause of urethral stricture is neglected or maltreated gonorrhoea, and long-continued gleet, surely the number of cases for " energetic treat-


The forage intake, botanical composition and nutritive value of diets selected by free-ranging sheep and goats grazing together in south-eastern Kenya were determined. Forage intake was estimated using chromium sesquioxide orally administered daily to the animals. Dietary botanical composition was determined using the microhistological faecal analysis technique, whereas quality of simulated diet samples was determined by chemical analysis for crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, total ash and in vitro dry and organic matter digestibilities. Dry matter intake in g/day was similar (P > 0.05) for sheep and goats within a given season, but in terms of metabolic bodyweight (g/kg W0-75), it was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for goats compared to sheep during the dry season. Dry matter intake averaged 471.3 g/day or 2% of bodyweight and 500.3 g/day or 2.5% of bodyweight for goats and sheep, respectively. The lowest levels of % intake for both species (1.6% for goats and 2.0% for sheep) were recorded during the wet season. Overall, sheep consumed 53.0 g/kg W0-75 while goats had an average intake of 43.6 g/kg W0-75. Goats selected diets that were higher (P < 0.05) in. crude protein than did sheep i.e 16.4% and 13.5%, respectively when averaged across the two seasons. Sheep diets had lower (P < 0.05) levels of lignin during the wet season compared to goats but the lignin contents for both were the same during the dry season. Goats, however, selected diets lower in neutral detergent fibre and


SRI has developed the DECIPHER system, a hidden Markov model (HMM) based continuous speech recognition system typically used in a speaker-independent manner. Initially we review the DECIPHER system, then we show that DECIPHER's speaker-independent performance improved by 20% when the standard 3990-sentence speaker-independent test set was augmented with training data from the 7200-sentence resource management speaker-dependent training sentences. We show a further improvement of over 20% when a version of corrective training was implemented. Finally we show improvement using parallel male- and female-trained models in DECIPHER. The word-error rate when all three improvements were combined was 3.7% on DARPA's February 1989 speaker-independent test set using the standard perplexity 60 wordpair grammar.


This paper reports on the preparation, surface, structural and sorption characterization of as-deposited MoO 3 thin films elaborated by r.f. magnetron sputtering. Characterization of the films was carried out by different techniques. The surface analysis of MoO 3 was performed using X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. X-ray Diffraction was used to study the structure. The refractive index and thickness were determined from ellipsometric measurements. The layers were studied with the objective of developing an NH 3 sensor. The MoO 3 sensitivity to NH 3 was estimated using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) with thin MoO 3 films sputtered on it. Deposition took place at a deposition rate of 20 nm/min. The sorption property of a QCM with a thin MoO 3 layer was defined as of function of the mass-loading, resulting in a frequency change of the QCM Δf after exposure to different NH 3 concentrations. In our experiments, the NH 3 concentrations was changed in the range 50 to 1000 ppm and frequency changes from 96 to 312 Hz were registered. On the basise of the measured Δf for each concentration, the actual sorbed mass was calculated. The obtained results on the MoO 3 sorption properties can be successfully applied in the development of a NH 3 sensor.


Microaggregation is a technique for masking confidential data by aggregation. The aim of this paper is to analyze the extent to which microaggregated data can be used for rigorous empirical research. In doing this, I adopt an empirical perspective. I use data from the Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC) and compare regression results using both original and anonymized data. PITEC is a new firm-level panel data base for innovative activities of Spanish firms based on CIS data. I find that the microaggregation procedure used has a slight effect on the coefficient estimates and their estimated standard errors, especially when estimating linear models.


An improved TOPSIS evaluation method,which aimed at the multi-attribute,multi-index characteristics of benefit evaluation of water-saving reconstruction project in Large-scale irrigation district,was proposed in this paper.In order to avoid the subjectivity of determining the weight coefficient,information entropy was introduced to calculate the weight coefficient of each index and one comprehensive evaluation model based on entropy was established.Moreover,the method was applied to comprehensive evaluation of water-saving reconstruction benefit in YouJiang irrigation district of Baise City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The results indicated that the model calculation was simple and convenient,its result was reasonable.


Mohism,as well as their philosophy,is of important significance as a reference for practice.Research shows that Mohism fails to achieve internationalization though flourishing in China.Thus it makes an important research topic.The problems for Mohism to develop internationally are analyzed with solutions.


The knowledge of the strain/stress field evolution in time is fundamental to the understanding of the dynamic system. Based on the principle that past tectonic stress should have left traces in the rocks, geologists have been trying to determine the paleostress history from evidence found in rocks for decades. Recent development of techniques for automatic extraction of fracture surfaces from digital outcrop models and estimation of historical shear deformation on rock fractures provide an efficient way of quantitatively acquiring large amounts of high‐quality fracture/fault slip data from outcrops. Unlike traditional paleostress inversion methods whose data are manually collected in the field, the new techniques provide much more detailed information about the strain of the outcrop and a good opportunity to develop quantitative methods for deciphering more realistic paleostrains. In this study, instead of fitting the slip data from several fractures to calculate the overall strain tensor, the local strain tensor is calculated for slip on each fracture from the outcrop. Then, the local strain tensors are grouped into populations corresponding to different strain events using a clustering analysis technique. Theoretical advantages of this new method over the traditional ones are discussed. The applications on outcrops in the eastern Tian Shan area give a clear picture of the late Cenozoic paleostrain variation over space and time and also throw light on the cause for the change in the strain regime in time, the fracture development patterns, and the distribution of shear displacements in fracture networks.


The epileptic nature of the Nigerian power supply has adverse consequences on the economy of the nation. The insufficiency of the power supply has heightened the call for the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) into the nation's power supply mix. The development of micro-grid (MG) technology has proven to be reliable and secured in the integration of RESs into the power distribution system over the years. The renewable energy potential of Nigeria is great but the country's power supply is epileptic. About 40% of the country's population especially in rural areas still do not have access to stable power supply. The epileptic power condition is a result of the inefficiency and inadequacy in power generation, transmission and distribution. This work brings to light the benefits of MG integration into the Nigerian power system network. MG is an immediate solution to the recent Nigerian power supply challenges due to benefits such as efficiency, security, reliability, economics and safety. This work provides current overview of the Nigerian power supply system and discusses how MG and the associated technologies can help in addressing the current national power supply challenges.


This paper aims to present Searle's conception of institutional reality as an important contribution to contemporary political philosophy and social theory. Its importance notwithstanding, the two objections will be raised concerning the central notion of collective intentionality. Searle thinks of this notion as crucial for explaining human cooperation and social reality. The first objection is that Searle missed to take into account the rationality assumption in his explanation of cooperation and human interaction. The second objection is related to the previous one. Additionally, Serle missed to investigate the role of autonomous moral agent in the procedure of constructing social reality. Given this shortcoming there is no possibility for addressing the question of justice within Serle's theory of institutional reality.


Objective:To analyze the influenza monitoring results in Miyun county,so as to understand the characteristics of influenza pandemic and provide a scientific basis for influenza prenention and control.Methods: A total of 648 throat swab samples and monitoring etiology data were collected form October 2011 to May 2012 in Miyun county hospital to analyze the influenza virus epidemic characteristics.Results: One hundred and four samples showed influenza virus positive,with an overall positive rate as 16.0%.Among 104 positive samples,13(12.5%),70(67.3%) and 21(20.2%) cases were infected with the strains of H3N2(influenza A),Victoria(influenza B) and Yamagata(influenza B).The influenza virus epidemical months were from January to March in 2012.Positive cases mainly fell in age groups 16-25 and 26-54.Positive rate differences between male and female were statistically significant.Conclusion: The epidemical peak of influenza in Miyun of Beijing was February,2012.The predominant influenza viral strain was Victoria of type B.The susceptible populations were middle-aged youth and female.


Four hundred-forty adolescents (N = 123 adolescents from divorced families) were given a set of scales on relationships (intimacy with parents .and social support, faqily responsibil- ity-taking) and psychological variables (happiness, self-esteem, de- pression and risk-taking) to determine the effects of divorce on these variables. The adolescents from divorced families differed very liltle from those of intact families. As might be expected, they perceived less intimacy with their fathers as well as less social support, and they assumed more family responsibilities.


Power systems around the world require performing v arious tasks at the same time. The necessity to gen erate electricity at low cost, with less or null pollution and the cost increase of petroleum, put power utilities on a lar ge and permanent stress. Renewable energy sources like wind generation is tod ay part of a solution for various utilities problem s. They are in first place concerning low pollution and the combustible has null cost. They have unfortunately a big proble m: they are unpredictable. Especially in the case of wind for s hort periods it is difficult to assure its generati on. Power systems operator cannot take into account wind farms in operational pl nning stage. This paper discusses the conditions for wind energy can take part of the spinning reserve in power system a nd make a proposal to include wind farms in spinnin g reserve with help of energy storage systems.


Abstract The family Characidae, one of the largest and more diversified fish families in the Neotropical region, is certainly not a monophyletic group, which is supported by the cytogenetic data showing its extensive chromosome variability. In this work, two species of the genus Serrapinnus, S. heterodon and S. piaba, from the São Francisco river basin were analyzed. Both species presented the same diploid number, 2n=52 chromosomes, and the same karyotypic formula, 16m+20sm+14st+2a. The heterochromatin distribution, evidenced by C-banding, was also similar between both species. On the other hand, two NORs were evidenced in S. heterodon, while a multiple NOR system was characterized in S. piaba, both confirmed by silver nitrate staining as well as by fluorescent in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA probe. Furthermore, two additional karyotypes (cytotypes) were observed in S. heterodon, with 15m+20sm+14st+3a and 17m+20sm+14st+la chromosomes, respectively, characterizing a structural chromosome polymorphism in the population. The differences between the three S. heterodon, karyotypic forms are probably due to pericentric inversions related to the 8th and 26th chromosome pairs.


The accuracy of variance prediction depends both on the validity of the specification and the accuracy of parameter estimation. Facing the unique challenges of predicting stock return variance in a large and varying universe, this paper proposes a conditional pooling approach that balances the need for reducing estimation errors while also allowing dynamics variation both cross-sectionally and over time. We start by specifying a cross-sectional forecasting relation at each date to better match the large and varying nature of the stock universe. We allow the relation to vary across names through conditionally weighted cross-sectional regressions. We show that the variance dynamics vary across different phases of a company's information cycle and we use the historical variance term structure shape as conditioning variables to capture the phase differences in the information cycles of different names. Furthermore, we use the aggregate market variance term structure shape to capture the market condition and allow the forecasting dynamics to vary with market conditions via conditionally weighted averaging of historical coefficient estimates. The proposed estimation procedure reduces estimation errors via two-dimensional pooling, while also accommodates dynamics variation across both dimensions. A historical analysis of nearly a century worth of the US stock market data highlights the importance of two-dimensional pooling in reducing estimation errors, while also identifies large time-series and cross-sectional variations in the stock return variance dynamics. Our conditional pooling approach captures the benefits of both worlds, and greatly enhances the out-of-sample variance forecasting performance against standard benchmarks. JEL Classification: C13; C21; C51; C52; C53; C55


Delimiting effectively the extent of the major motions in atmospheric, tidal and fluvial turbulent flows is an important task for studies of mixing and particle transport. The most common method for this (quadrant analysis) is closely linked to the turbulent stresses but subdivides active periods in the flow into separate events. A method based on the pointwise Hölder characteristics of the velocity data is introduced in this paper and applied to extract the whole duration of the active periods, within which turbulence intensities and stresses are high for some of the time. The cross‐correlation structure of the Hölder series permits a simple threshold to be adopted. The technique is tested on data from a turbulent wake in a wind tunnel and flow over a forest canopy.


This paper is concerned with the transmissionof noise and vibration in ship structures, and in particular, naval ship structures. The first part of the paper presents a review of different methods for ship noise prediction. It then introduces the method of StatisticalEnergyAnalysis (SEA) for the investigationof ship noise and vibration in the high frequency regions. Previous studies have shown that SEA is a useful tool for the analysis of vibrationtransmission in structureswhichconsistmainlyof plateelements.However,navalship structuresoften involve more complexelements such as shells and beam stiffenedplates. In the secondpart of the paper, two types of structure whichare consideredto be characteristicof navalship constructionsare identified.Theyare: a cylindricalshell coupled to an end plate; and a plate with periodicstiffenerscoupledat rightangles to a uniformplate.The CouplingLoss Factors (CLFs) of these two structures are evaluated, using travelling wave analysis, for SEA studies. Results from an experimentalprogram confirm the validityof the formulationof CLFs.


It is probably fair to say that all known results on special values of L-functions of motives over number fields are proved by identifying the L-function in question, more or less explicitly, with an automorphic L-function, and then applying analytic methods, derived in all but the simplest cases from the theory of automorphic forms. (Here and throughout the paper, the term "motive" is used äs in Deligne's article [D]: i.e., to designate a pure motive for absolute Hodge cycles.) It is unlikely that every motivic Lfunction can be handled in this way. The pupose of this paper is to call attention to a certain class of motivic L-functions that, conjecturally at least, can all be realized äs Lfunctions of cohomological automorphic forms, in most cases on Shimura varieties attached to unitary groups. These motives, which we view initially äs motives over Q, can be characterized by their Hodge types: they are regulär, in the sense that no Hodge type has dimension greater than l over a suitable coefficient field, and polarized in the usual sense. In general only the base change of such a motive M to an imaginary quadratic field Jf can be realized in the cohomology of unitary Shimura varieties; in compensation, one then has the freedom to twist the base change M# by a motivic Hecke character of Jf call the result M# ® without leaving the class of automorphic forms.


Occupational level greatly influences the physical activity which, in turn, significantly affects body composition and overall health. Ninety adult male participants in age group of 40–50 years from three occupational categories i.e. field workers, laboratory workers and office workers were selected from PAU, Ludhiana (India). The study revealed that higher income and education were positively and significantly (p≤0.01) correlated with body weight (r = 0.53; 0.48), BMI (r = 0.4; 70.44), waist circumference (r = 0.65; 0.58) and fat mass (r = 0.37; 0.34), respectively. Of the various activities carried out by participants, cycling and agricultural activities showed a significant but negative relation with body weight (r = -0.41, -0.86), BMI (r = -0.25, -0.38), waist circumference (r = -0.62; -0.37) and fat mass (r = -0.39; -0.27) while positively significant relationship was found with fat free mass (r = 0.31, 0.20). Body fat accumulation was positively and significantly correlated with body weight, BMI, waist circumference and fat mass, however, it was proteins which had significant enhancing effect on fat free mass (r = 0.29). Therefore, it may be concluded that physical activity is a leading factor that influences the anthropometry and body composition.


A number of presidents have aided the auto industry, protected it from external threats, or saved it from collapse, while presidential rhetoric about the industry is positive and consistent across political parties and over time. I conduct rhetorical analyses of the entire history of presidential speech about the industry to explain the evolution of the relationship between these two institutions. I argue that this relationship is an example of the institutionalization of speech; perfunctory campaign praise became habitual and eventually coalesced into a rhetorical legacy that entailed rhetorical and material resources and constraints for the institution of the presidency. In the case of the auto industry, presidents sought political support from the auto industry as a constituency, erased blameworthy aspects of industry history, and created an industry identity that was exceptional, which served as justification for defense of the industry and intervention during periods of economic recession, regulatory stress, foreign competition, and imminent collapse of an automaker. Such cases of institutionalized speech between the presidency and other institutions are special, but not unique; this case provides an instructive example of how speech becomes legacy over time, and of what the consequences of such legacies might include for this case and for possible others. INDEX WORDS: Rhetorical presidency, Presidential rhetoric, Collective identity, Collective memory, Epideictic, Auto industry INSTITUTIONALIZED SPEECH: THE PRESIDENCY AND THE DOMESTIC AUTO INDUSTRY


This paper considers single-machine scheduling problems in group technology with the jobs' processing times being simple linear functions of their start times. The objective functions are the minimizing of makespan and total weighted completion time. Some optimal conditions and algorithms are given and the fact that the problem of total weighted completion times is NP-hard is proved.


Measurements of superelastic scattering of 2 eV electrons from oriented Na(3P) atoms have been carried out over the angular range 10 to 120'. Results are presented in terms of Lperpendicular to , the angular momentum transferred perpendicular to the scattering plane. Comparison is made with previous experiments at small angles, and with close-coupling calculations. Good agreement is seen with the earlier experimental work, but significant disagreement is seen with theory at angles beyond 40'.


Recent JT-60U experimental results toward establishment of advanced tokamak operation are reviewed with emphasis on the further expansion of the operational regime of AT plasmas using improved flexibility of NBIs by the modification of power supply and on the investigation of important issues for the establishment of steady-state AT operation using new diagnostics and improved heating systems. In PS plasma, high βNHH98(y,2) of 2.6 with βN ~ 2.6 and HH98(y,2) ~ 1 is sustained for 25 s significantly longer than the current diffusion time (~14τR) without NTMs. High G-factor (βNHH98(y,2)/q95) of 0.25 and high bootstrap current fraction (fBS) > 0.43 under the ITER-like small toroidal rotation condition is suitable for ITER hybrid operation scenario. In WS plasma, high βN ~ 2.8 exceeding the ideal MHD limit without conducting wall (βN) is sustained for ~5 s with RWM stabilization by a toroidal rotation at q = 2 surface. A combined external current drivers of negative-ion based NB and lower-hybrid waves together with high fBS of 0.5 could sustain whole plasma current of 0.8 MA for 2s (1.5τR). In RS plasma, high βN ~ 2.7 (βp ~ 2.3) exceeding βN with qmin ~ 2.4 (q95 ~ 5.3), HH98(y,2) ~ 1.7 and fBS ~ 0.9 was obtained with wall stabilization. Based on PS plasma for ITER hybrid operation scenario, the high βN of 2.1 with good thermal plasma confinement of HH98(y,2) > 0.85 was sustained for more than 10 s at⎯ne/nGW > 0.7 and frad > 0.77 using stored energy feedback system and radiation feedback system. Physics studies for AT plasmas, H-mode and pedestal physics, and studies on impurity transport, SOL/divertor plasmas and plasma wall interactions are also progressed. The active NTM stabilization system using modulated ECCD, which is synchronized to rotating island, has been developed and the efficiency of modulated ECCD in m/n = 2/1 NTM stabilization was demonstrated. The intrinsic toroidal rotation driven by the ion pressure gradient and the ECH has been confirmed and its direction is counter direction in both cases. The dedicated H-mode and pedestal experiments indicated two scalings, H-factor evaluated for the core plasma as H89core ∝ li and pedestal width scaling of Δped = 0.315aρpolβpol. New fast diagnostics with high spatial and temporal resolutions reveals the different structure of pedestal pressure between coand counter-rotating plasma, resulting different ELM size. The tungsten accumulation becomes more significant with increasing the toroidal rotation in the counter-direction.


The nature of the vacuum state and its fluctuations is one of the most fascinating aspects of modern physics. Despite their non-intuitive character, these vacuum fluctuations play an important role for our understanding of physics. In particular the parametric amplification of such fluctuations is crucial for phenomena ranging from nonlinear optical processes [1], to positronium annihilation [2], and Universe inflation [3].


circularly with fluid, and after carefully arranging that the size of the arteriograpli and its compressibility were such that it was withlin tlle power of the artery to pulse the wlhole conmpressing mass of its walls. Erlanger does not seem to realize that what makes the armlet on the upper arm as " compressible" as his arteriograph is not the beat of the brachlial artery alone, but the simultaneous throb of tlle whole 'mass of tissues below the armiet. Further, the genesis of Korotkoff's sounds owe their fundamental origin to this mnechanism brought into play by the compression of thie surrounding tissues. Erlanger states: "Hill, Flack, and McQuieen maintain, withont offering any experimental evidence for their view, that the compressing armlet converts the compressed area of the arm into a resonating muass; the pulse is not damped down in the labile arteries, but strikes tlle blood, wllich fills to distension, not only tlle main artery, but every patent arteriole throughout the mass, and causes the whole tense mass to vibrate." It is difficult to believe that Erlanger has followed the series of researclhes of Hill, Flack, and McQueen. In their work tlhey slhow how thle veins are compressed and the peripheral resistance rises as compression of the armlet rises; how this rise in pressture stretches the arterial wall and produces the dull sounds; lhow the blood is congested in the mass of tissues under the armllet. Consequently, tllhough this action of tlle armlet on the tissues, botlh under it and beyond it, each pulse strikes the blood, and thle arterial wall experiences an additional strain as the kinetic energy of thle flow of blood meets the obstacle of contained blood in front of it. Erlanger describes this phenomenon as water hammer, but the use of this term brings out iio new idea to tllat already demonstrated by Hill, Flack, and McQueen. We conclude, then, tllat1. To give accurate information on the factors concerned in blood pressure measurement, a schema must permit of compression being applied to an artery in a pulsable and not rigid manner, and a rise of periplheral resistance pari passitw ith increasing comlpression must be arranged for. 2. Wlhen an armlet or bag of Hill's pocket sphygmometer is made to compress an artery where it lies on bone with little tissue round it-for example, temporal, dorsalis pedis, aberrant radial-it deforms the artery and prevents the passage of the pulse at a pressure less tllan diastolic. The finger of the physician acts in tlle same way, and therefore cannot estimate the systolic pressure accurately. 3. Conmpression of the tisstues surrounding the artery so as to block thle venous outlets is essential to accurate blood pressture measturement. This congests the blood beneatlh and beyond tlle armlet or bag. The pulsing of the congested mass of tissues renders armlet or bag capable of delivering a circular compression to tlle artery, and one whichyields to the pulse and prevents deformation of the artery until the systolic pressure is overtopped. 4. S.ifficient area of veins must be blocked if the blood pressture instrument is to be an accurate one, consequently tlle bag or armlet must be broad. The bag, together with the observer's hiand, enclose the forearm, and so makes the bag of Hill's pocket instrument equivalent to the armlet. Failure to make the bag broad accounts for many inconsistencies in tlle literature of blood pressure measurement.


With the help of an explicit finite element analysis, cutting of cold-rolled dual-phase steels for various tool clearances was studied. In the first part of the study, the influence of the element size in the shear zone of the sheet on the predicted cut edge geometry and punch force was assessed and the optimal simulation parameters were identified. In the second part, the fracture description was put into focus of the investigation. It is shown that the used mathematical description of the equivalent plastic strain at fracture as a function of the stress triaxiality does not yield accurate results for FEA-based prediction of the cut edge geometry. A need in a more accurate fracture characterisation and, possibly, a more advanced fracture description of dual-phase sheet steels and the directions of the future research are identified.


During the process of DSP, some random signal, noise or the real variable must be dealt with. The adoption of digital filters with fixed coefficient can not realize the optimizing filter. The self-adapting filter design method with fixed point DSP chip is presented. This method has been validated in DSK of C54 series and has achieved the desired result.


Objective To investigate and find a multiple treatment to reduce the mortality of sepsis patients induced by severe surgical abdominal infection.Methods While treating to severe surgical abdominal infection,inflammatory mediator bacteria,extoxin and endotoxin,immunity,dysfunction of microcirculation,nutrition and metabolism and the function of organs should be paid more attention on and considered as a whole.We also carried out 14 concrete treating measurement.Combined high dosage of anisodaminum and dexamethason were used in sbort-term.Bring forward nourishment support according to different stage of MODS and applying it in clinic could significantly reduce the companion syndrome.Oral administration of"JIE-DU-GU-BEN-TANG"which developed by our division could regulate the imbalance of immunity and inflammatory mediator.Results There were 46 patients died in 368 patients,mortality was 12.50%. Conclusion It was difficult to treat sepsis patients induced by severe abdominal infection and our new multiple treatment could significantly reduce the mortality of severe sepsis.


Between November 1992 and March 1993 our Service conducted a campaign for early detection of prostate disease among the male population of Vigo. The study focused in the relationship of PSA with the age, rectal examination and prostate symptomatology score. In view of the results obtained it has been concluded that PSA levels increase gradually as a function of age, volume and prostate symptomatology score.


The collisional absorption of two laser beams is considered by solving the kinetic equation for the plasma electron. Results show that the simultaneous effects of two laser beams on the heating rate is greater as compared with the individual contribution of each laser beam when the two laser beams have a difference of frequencies equal to the plasma frequency.


Conventionally, factorized scattering in two dimensions is argued to be a consequence of the conservation of local higher charges. However, integrability may well be realized via nonlocal charges, while higher local charges are not known. Here we address the question of whether a nonlocal Yangian symmetry implies factorized scattering of the S-matrix. We explicitly study the constraints on three-particle scattering processes of particles transforming in the fundamental representations of , , and the centrally extended underlying the dynamic scattering and hexagon form factors in AdS/CFT. These considerations shed light on the role of the Yangian as an axiomatic input for the bootstrap program for integrable theories.


Despite extensive studies on the LHC proteins of PSI and PSII (for review, see Jansson, 1994), the detailed polypeptide composition of LHC I and LHC I1 has not been understood until recently. The nature of the Lhcb5 gene product has been one of the major uncertainties, since it has been identified both as the CP26 (or the equivalent complex LHCIIc) polypeptide and one of two CP29 polypeptides (Jansson et al., 1992; Morishige and Thomber, 1992). Lhcb5 genes have previously been characterized from tomato (Pichersky et al., 1991) and barley (Sorensen et al., 1992); here we present the characterization of a Lhcb5 cDNA clone from the gymnosperm Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) (Table I). Using a tomato Lhcb5 cDNA (Pichersky et al., 1991) as probe, we isolated partia1 Lhcb5 cDNAs, which subsequently were used to find a full-length cDNA, encoding a precursor Lhcb5 protein of 302 amino aads. The transit peptide cleavage site is not known for this protein due to N-terminal blockage of the mature polypeptide (Pichersky et al., 1991). A tentative cleavage site after Se?', which would give rise to a mature protein with a molecular mass of 27.1 kD, has recently been suggested (Jansson, 1994). Southem blotting showed that Lhcb5 is a single-copy gene in Scots pine, named Lhcb5.1, according to Jansson et al. (1992). We also investigated the light regulation of the Scots pine Lhca and Lhcb genes by transferring dark-grown Scots pine seedlings to light and measuring the N subsequent light treatment did not result in further induction. We found a general correspondence between Chl synthesis and expression of the Lhca and Lhcb genes, similar to what Canovas et al. (1993) reported for Pinus palustris seedlings. In conifers Chl synthesis, rather than light per se, seems to be a major determinant for LhcalLhcb gene regulation.


This paper sketches a technique for 3D model retrieval built on size functions, a mathematical tool to compare shapes. Size functions are introduced for the first time to discriminate among 3D objects, through the proposal of an innovative method to construct size graphs independently of the underlying triangulation. We demonstrate the potential of our approach in a series of comparative experiments with respect to existing techniques.


'Parental socialism' is the new trend in recent times where individuals invite the government to impose collectivist solutions to provide security from economic and social risks. This trend is not a good sign as people lose their rational thinking and depend on the regulators for taking decisions.


In this study,serum β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)concentration of 1.2mmol/L as the threshold for normal cows and subclinical ketosis cows,ketone powder,reagent,ROSS and test strip method to detect the blood,milk and urine ketones were applied respectively,and the results of qualitative with quantitative detection were compared.The results showed that blood powder test was the most accurate method,the coincidence rate was 88.54%,then urine ketones test with test strip,its rate of 87.50%;urine ketones test with ROSS was the method with the lowest coincidence and positive rates,the result were 79.17% and 13.54% respectively.Blood powder test has the highest sonsitivity(70.37%) and the lowest was urine test with ROSS(37.04%);the specificity of reagent measuring milk ketone,ROSS and test strip method measuring urine ketones all were 95.65%,higher than that of blood powder method(94.20%),the specificity of milk ketones test with ketone powder was lowest,only 88.41%.In consideration of difficulty of operation and cost,ketone powder detect milk is more suitable method on pasture detection of subclinical ketosis.


The new text is: More specifically, the main sources of errors for an accurate determination of the hypocentral parameters are: (a) picking errors, (b) the false identification of the seismic phases, (c) the insufficient number of phases, (d) the deficient azimuthal coverage of the seismographic network and finally (e) the use of non-effective seismic velocity models that are usually oversimplified (often one-dimensional) without adequate information for the velocity structure and the lateral velocity heterogeneities.


Does the European Union ensure an appropriate balance between migration control and the protection of migrants' fundamental rights? The present contribution addresses this question in the context of the EU's efforts to externalise its migration policy and to cooperate with third countries. Its competences, and the measures adopted on their basis, partially integrate fundamental rights' considerations. Recent measures justified by the current situation complement the long-term comprehensive efforts carried out in specific regional frameworks. However, these evolutions do not seem to change the (in)balance in favour of migration control to the detriment of the protection of fundamental rights.


The self-dual Einstein equations on a compact Riemannian 4-manifold can be expressed as a quadratic condition on the curvature of an $SU(2)$ (spin) connection which is a covariant generalization of the self-dual Yang-Mills equations. Local properties of the moduli space of self-dual Einstein connections are described in the context of an elliptic complex which arises in the linearization of the quadratic equations on the $SU(2)$ curvature. In particular, it is shown that the moduli space is discrete when the cosmological constant is positive; when the cosmological constant is negative the moduli space can be a manifold the dimension of which is controlled by the Atiyah-Singer index theorem.


In effect,the critique of science and technology is the whole mutual topic of Frankfurt school.Especially Marcuse and Habermas,they expounded on this issue in their own style.The essay probes into three aspects about their identical and different views,thus,it states the common errors they committed.


Women's position in the society has always been serious concern among the philosophers. Philosophical views on women have been changed from time to time but one thing was common that women have been subordinated because of biological difference. Although the traditional philosophical views subordinated women because of prejudices of the time but it helped on the other hand suggesting women should not be treated as an object and should be provided equal rights as men. The objective of the present research paper is to explore the existential perspective on women to establish individual identity of women.


Spontaneous emission from the shock heated gas (luminosity) in the high enthalpy shock tunnel at condition I (nominally 50 MPa burst pressure with specific enthalpy 21 MJ/kg) has been examined spectrally in order to search for spectral windows where LIF measurements could be corried out. Comparison with NO fluorescence spectra showed, that the fluorescence radiation following D(0)<--X(1)excitation only partially overlaps the lower wavelength regions of the intensity distribution of the luminosity. Two strategies to reduce the influence of this spontaneous emission have been developed: (1) for 1d-spatial resolution, spectral filtering using a spectrometer is appropriate: (2) for planar LIF-imaging narrowband reflection filters had to be developed. In spite of these filtering methods the (P)LIF method has still constraints imposed by the powerful radiation behind strong shocks.


Based on Davenportpsilas theory of internal knowledge market, knowledge market in supply chain is presented for the purpose of facilitating the flow and share of knowledge. And the operation mode of knowledge market in supply chain is built from the aspects of components, trade patterns and trade rules. The components are composed of knowledge demanders, suppliers, broker and trade environment; the trade patterns include spontaneous trade (enterprise to enterprise), core enterprise as an organizer (enterprise to core enterprise) or outsourcing (enterprise to the third party). At last, the problems and the prospect of knowledge market in supply chain are discussed in this paper.


The existence of trapped elastic waves above a circular cylindrical cavity in a half-space is demonstrated. These modes propagate parallel to the cylinder, and their amplitude decays exponentially ...


Carbon materials was prepared by chemical activated method,and its structure was investigated by IR,EA,BET methods,simultaneity the adsorption methyl orange of carbon was studied.The result shows:the high surface era of mesoporous carbon was obtained.The Adsorption methyl orange at 30℃ and Kinetics of methyl orange adsorbed of three kinds of carbon were studied.The methyl orange can be adsorbed using different activated reagent activated carbon materials,and the ZnCl2 is the best activated reagent compared to the NaOH and Fe(NO3)3,the adsorption capability is 154.3mg/g.


The provincial space in prose Zhukova is investigated. Reflecting on the uniqueness of female provincial character, it reveals the origins of its formation in the world of the steppe universe.


Electrically stressed materials can be characterized as electrically aged only if we have evidence that the material changes due to the electrical stress are responsible for material failure, which is not always the case. Often, a large number of breakdown tests is needed to prove that a set of specimens is electrically aged. As an alternative, we can however also combine a smaller number of breakdown tests with some other method for material characterization. The latter approach was followed when studying polycarbonate with TiO/sub 2/ filler, both new specimens and specimens that had been stressed for 860 hours at a DC voltage. Space charge measurements, dielectric spectroscopy tests in the frequency domain and breakdown tests were performed to check whether these methods provide us the same answer concerning the aging of PCTiO/sub 2/.


Friends and colleagues offer words of tribute and good wishes on the August 2011 retirement of Alan Charnes, Executive Director of the Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries.


There is currently a growing interest in PD and CSCW in 'commoning practices': the collective creation, management and sustaining of community resources for collective benefit. While the tensions that commoning processes entail are relatively well reported, the trade-offs that community organisations have to make to enable wider access to such resources is still not as well understood. This is particularly the case when resources or community services are accessed through ICTs. To more closely examine such questions of access, we worked with several types of community organisations engaging in commoning practices in one of the most deprived regions of the United Kingdom during the Covid-19 pandemic. Through semi-structured interviews and a participatory workshop, we uncovered how, during Covid-19, such organisations struggled to configure access to community resources in ways that maintained their participatory and inclusive character, while also protecting them from degradation. Additionally, our findings point to the trade-offs that community organisations had to make in selecting the ICTs to use for remote work during the pandemic. While open-source technologies would have been their preferred option as opposed to software from tech companies, which they perceived as 'unethical', adopting open-source tools presented additional barriers and 'costs', such as the lack of familiarity, the need for training and the lack of staff for configuration, maintenance and support. Such findings prompt us to critically re-examine the processes through which we can scaffold the use of open-source tools in values-driven organisations. This entails both the need to financially support these organisations exploring alternatives to proprietary technologies, and to design technologies that can support an easier transition to open-source adoption.


ABSTRACT The global warming promotes the steel industry to replace part of coke by injecting hydrogen-rich fuel into the blast furnace to reduce CO2 emissions and energy consumption. In this paper, the injected hydrogen-rich fuels and effects of hydrogen-rich smelting on burden reduction and property evolution were introduced, and the hot events related to hydrogen metallurgy were summarized. Increasing hydrogen content changes the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of chemical reactions, changing the reduction behaviour of iron oxides and affecting the burden properties evolution and soft melting behaviour. Correspondingly the coke solution loss alters due to more H2O existence. In addition, the temperature and gas flow distribution are altered, affecting the iron oxide reduction rate and efficiency of blast furnace operation process. At present, some hydrogen metallurgy projects have been launched, making expected progress, which provides reference and thinking for the large-scale industrial application of hydrogen in blast furnace.


In a feature-based representation model, a set of features can be used in both design representation and process planning to integrate design and manufacturing. Process planning activities such as generation of machining tool path, planning of machining operations, sequencing of machining operations, and selection of machining machines can be executed using a feature-based approach. In a typical process planning scheme, the machining operations for producing a product are planned and arranged to be performed in a single manufacturing plant. However, in a multi-plant collaborative manufacturing environment in a global supply chain, a product can be designed and manufactured at different plants at multiple locations. In this research, a feature-based multi-plant process planning model is presented. A feature represents a machined volume that needs to be removed by certain machining operations to produce a portion of the product. A set of sequenced features represents a machining sequence for producing the part. A mathemati cal model is formulated to evaluate all the feasible machining sequences. The objective attempts to find the optimized multi-plant machining sequence with an aim of the minimizing the total manufacturing operation cost. As a result, the multiple machining sequences can be evaluated and the machining operations are assigned to the most suitable plants in a multi-plant collaborative manufacturing system.


Methyl linolenate has been thermally induced in glass ampoules at 225, 250 and 275°C to isomerize into cis, trans isomers of linolenic acid. The isomer mixtures were separated by gas chromatography using a 120 m capillary column. All the 8 isomers of linolenic acid, 9c12c15c, 9c12c15t, 9c12t15c, 9t12t15c, 9t12c15t, 9c12t15t and 9t12t15t of the linolenic acid were observed in the heated mixtures. The formation of isomers followed a distinct pattern in all the heated samples. The trans bond formation at C-9 or C-15 seems to take place first in the molecules leading to the formation of 9t12c15c and 9c12c15t isomers. The formation of 9c12t15c isomer seem to be high energetic compared to 9t12c15c and 9c12c15t formation and appear at a later stage in the thermal induction. This difficulty in the formation of trans configuration also explains the difficulties in the formation of 9t12t15c and 9c12t15t isomers during thermal induction. Their concentrations are smaller than the 9t12c15t isomer in the prolonged heated mixtures.


As per Soil Taxonomy, the soils of Orissa are divided into four orders namely Alfisols, Inceptisols, Entisols and Vertisols. Inceptisols are most extensive occupying 49% area followed by Alfisols(35%),Entisols(10%) and Vertisols (6%) (Sahu and Mishra, 2005) Black soils of Bhawanipatna are derived from basic granulites, pyroxenes and charnokite rocks; soils of Luisinga (Bolangir) are derived from calcic-plasioclases with biotite, gneisses and schists. Red soils of Phulbani are formed over khandolite rocks with gneisses and schists. Semiliguda (Koraput) soils are derived from charnokites and khandolites. Lateritic soils of Khurda and Bhubaneswar are derived from Athgarh sand stones. Alluvial soils of Kendrapada are formed on the sediments transported by the branch rivers of Mahanadi.Saline soils of Kespur are derived from Khandolites and basic igneous rocks over which there is deposition of marine sediments from the Chilika lake. The soils of Motto (Bhadrak) have been formed by the depositions of rivers from Singhbhum granites and iron ore series. The mixed red and black soils of Aska and Nayagarh have been formed from khandolites and charnokite rocks. The soils of Bhawanipatna and Luisinga (Bolangir) are classified under Vertisols (Ustalfic Pallusterts); the soils of Khurda, Bhubaneswar, Phulbani and Aska


Abstract Numerous studies have shown the vulnerability of care transitions in hospital care. This teaching video represents a worst-case communication failure scenario based on a string of common, ...


The use of micro-hydropower (MHP) for energy recovery in water distribution networks is becoming increasingly widespread. The incorporation of this technology, which offers low-cost solutions, allows for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions linked to energy consumption. In this work, the MHP energy recovery potential in Spain from all available wastewater discharges, both municipal and private industrial, was assessed, based on discharge licenses. From a total of 16,778 licenses, less than 1% of the sites presented an MHP potential higher than 2 kW, with a total power potential between 3.31 and 3.54 MW. This total was distributed between industry, fish farms and municipal wastewater treatment plants following the proportion 51–54%, 14–13% and 35–33%, respectively. The total energy production estimated reached 29 GWh∙year−1, from which 80% corresponded to sites with power potential over 15 kW. Energy-related industries, not included in previous investigations, amounted to 45% of the total energy potential for Spain, a finding which could greatly influence MHP potential estimates across the world. The estimated energy production represented a potential CO2 emission savings of around 11 thousand tonnes, with a corresponding reduction between M€ 2.11 and M€ 4.24 in the total energy consumption in the country.


Surveillance pneumonia is a process of regular monitoring against pneumonia and increased risk of pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to determine the input system pneumonia surveillance in Health Office (DHO) Lamongan. Data were obtained from interviews with officers indept holder DHO program pneumonia in Lamongan and reinforced with indept interview to the health center. The pneumonia study conducted by descriptive method and approach that is input surveillance systems that include data sources and types of data, infrastructure, resources and sources of funding. Implementation of a surveillance system in Lamongan district health office is still not well seen from the input that data sources are from the health office health centers, inadequate infrastructure, resources do not meet the needs, and lack of financial resources. Based on the results of research advice given was increased coordination with the health centers, the use of an online system for reporting to the health office, filing budget, quality improvement officer with the holding of training. Keywords: surveillance systems, system input, data sources and types of data, infrastructure, resources, and source of fundszzzz


We describe a new source for dynamical gravitational fields consisting of an acoustically stressed volume of matter. The very-near-zone dynamical gravitational fields are measured as a function of distance and azimuthal angle, using apparatus responsive to the curvature tensor. The high frequency of 1660 cycles per second implies a new regime for gravitational technology.


Devolution provides large scope for Scotland to make its own policy. Primary legislation is one measure of this. Scottish legislation before devolution tended to replicate measures for the rest of the United Kingdom, with differences of style. Scottish legislation in the first four-year term of the Parliament shows a big increase in output. There is an autonomous sphere, in which Scotland has gone its own way without reference to the rest of the UK. In other areas, there is evidence of joint or parallel policy-making, with Scottish legislation meeting the same goals by different means. Finally there is a sphere in which Scottish legislation is essentially the same as that in England and Wales. Sewel motions have not been used to impose policy uniformity on Scotland. There is evidence that devolution has shifted influence both vertically, between the UK and Scottish levels, and horizontally, within a Scottish legislative system that has been opened up.


The right opinions can not be found on the Legal Nature of the foreign party's Recovering its Investment in Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures ahead of Time by now. The advocated doctrines of "preferred recovery","favorable treatment", and "non-loss operating"may only be used to explain the economic aspects of the regime. Although the other two promoted doctrines——the doctrines of "share (investment)-transfer"and "capital-deducting"refer to the legal nature of the regime, they share the same logical problems. It seems that the "special loan"doctrine forwarded by this article will tell the actual characteristic of the regime.


Lampatho: Ile be reveng'd. Quadratus: How pree-thee? In a play? --What You Will At the turn of the seventeenth century, John Marston and Ben Jonson satirized each other's poetics and personalities in a series of revenge comedies that Thomas Dekker called the "Poetomachia" or Poets' War. "He had many quarrells with Marston beat him & took his Pistol from him, wrote his Poetaster on him" Jonson later informed William Drummond, in whom he confided that "the beginning of [y.sup.m] were that Marston represented him in the stage." (1) Since the end of the nineteenth century scholars have speculated that what had initially angered Jonson and, to his mind, justified his intellectual and physical attacks on Marston was that the latter had mimicked him as a character called "Chrisoganus" in Histriomastix. Applying Seneca's injunction in Thyestes that "You cannot say you have avenged a crime /Unless you better it," Jonson, it is assumed, retaliated against Marston by assaulting, robbing, and caricaturing him as Crispinus in Poetaster. Recently, however, this account has been dismissed as a nineteenth-century critical fantasy, based entirely on Jonson's "paranoia," that unduly privileges conflict over cooperation in early modern theater. (2) What is at stake in this issue, then, is not just the historical contextualization of Histriomastix but, more importantly, our sense of the extent to which English dramatists, writing comedies coincident with Hamlet and Antonio's Revenge, secured and defended their literary reputations in the contentious commercial theater through a witty but sometimes cruel form of comic revenge in drama. Indeed, Histriomastix was most popular at the very moment when having a reputation as a professional dramatist first became something worth defending. Still, its intellectual horseplay--testing the status of poets and players--occasionally got out of hand in the complex interface of art and life. It is difficult not to take public criticism personally. As Jonson struggled to redefine his identity at the beginning of his career, no writer would feel his comic revenge more vehemently than Marston, with whom he shared a long and sometimes troubled friendship that blended admiration, cruelty, and affection. The source of their earliest estrangement is still most likely to have been, as Jonson first implied, the topical satire of Histriomastix. I. The Cultural Moment of Histriomastix (1599-1601) HISTRIO-MASTIX./Or,THE PLAYER/whipt./was first printed in quarto, without reference to author, company, or theater, for Thomas Thorpe in 1610. Although it has had its detractors--beginning with Jonson--it has also been described by Philip Edwards as being probably "the most powerful and interesting contemporary document on the place of theatre in England's national life at the end of Elizabeth's reign." (3) At about the same time that John Rainolds was attacking drama in Th' Overthrow of Stage Playes (1599), what would have been more "trendy" than for the leading writer of a new private theater to defend its legitimacy by deriding the excesses of the public theater? (4) A scholarly consensus has long determined that Marston provoked Jonson's revenge in this play by representing him on the stage as the poet-playwright-philosopher Chrisoganus, thereby triggering the Poets'War. Yet this consensus splits into two contending theories that posit different dates of production and venue. Marston is thought to have either (a) revised an older play for production by the Children of Paul's in 1599; or (b) originated it himself, possibly with a collaborator, for performance by revelers at the Middle Temple a year earlier. The principal issue dividing these contradictory theories is that the text of the play as it is printed in Thorpe's quarto requires too many actors to have been produced at Paul's, whereas it is viable, in its complete printed version, as an amateur production. …


During the course of selective assembly of internal-combustion engine linkage of crank-rod, in order to achieve multi-objective that includes mating several pairs of parts in respective assembly precision demands at the same time, making the surplus parts minimum and increasing the mate rate and the assembly quality of the parts within the linkage of crank-rod, an objective function of multi-objective selective assembly is built and restriction conditions are defined. Then considering the speciality of this combinatorial optimization problem, the conventional hybrid algorithm based on genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm is improved, and a method, to take a directional mutation when forming the initial population, is presented to boost the average fitness of the initial population, meanwhile, specific coding operation, specific crossover operator and specific mutation operator are designed, thereby a multi-objective selective assembly method of the linkage of crank-rod is built. Finally the validity of such method is proved by a practical example.


In order to realize the rapid treatment of concealed collapse columns in the 19108 Working Face of Anjialing No.1 Underground Mine in Pingshuo Mining Area and achieve safety mining of the working face, the method of "treatment combining with exploration and design" was used to grout and treat the collapse columns. Based on the analysis exploration data and the borehole verification data after grouting of the collapse columns, and combined with the previous geological data of Pingshuo Mining Area, the basic formation conditions and distribution regularities of the soluble-salt-type collapse columns in Pingshuo Mining Area were studied; and hydrogeological characteristics of the soluble-salt-type collapse column was obtained; and targeted treatment measures were put forward. The results showed as follows: (1) The type of collapse columns developed in the Pingshuo Mining Area is a soluble-salt-type, the basement of collapse column developed in Carboniferous coal measure strata; (2) The concealed collapse columns in the 19108 Working Face are all soluble-salt-type sinking column, which does not pass through the Ordovician limestone karst aquifer; (3) The treatment measures for the collapse columns of the working face were effective.


The CNC hydraulic machine has the typical heavy welding structure. Aiming at the structure characteristic of this product, this paper constructs the CAPP system frame. After investigation of 3D CAD platform SolidWorks and CAPP information integration, the panel arranging module has been developed, which solves the problems of automation function, manual function, CNC code output and raw and processed materials statistic in panel arranging process, realizes the automation and integration of CNC hydraulic machine's manufacture.


In the last decade, worldwide epidemiological studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs, used here as a synonym of pervasive developmental disorders) have consistently yielded estimates of prevalence ranging from 5 to 10/1,000. Catching up with other countries with more established traditions of psychiatric epidemiology, the vigorous efforts pursued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States since 1996 have recently confirmed that at least one child in 150 was impaired with a broadly defined ASD. Autism spectrum disorders have become one of the most common severe childhood disorders, with huge personal, familial, and societal associated burden. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention survey data on a large sample of 8-year old U.S. children born in 1994, the study by Shattuck et al. in this issue of the Journal examines a critical time point in the developmental trajectory of children diagnosed with ASD, that of diagnosis or identification. Although age at diagnosis has no intrinsic biological significance, this time variable often represents a turning point for children with ASD and their parents. As an end point, the confirmation of an ASD diagnosis provides coherence and meaning after several months, and more often years, of atypical developmental patterns that worried parents have been witnessing in their young child. In most studies, the first parental concerns emerge between 15 and 24 months of age, usually because of failure in the development of social and communication skills. Although the parent's experience is highly consistent with the long established diagnostic criterion of evidence of symptoms before age 3 years for the diagnosis of autism, a prolonged delay occurs between parental recognition of first symptoms and the diagnostic confirmation. In many countries, the age at diagnosis has, on average, decreased during the last two decades from age 5 to 6 years to age 3 years or even less. Because access to services is contingent on receipt of a formal diagnosis, a late diagnosis means that precious time is lost for these children and unnecessary stress imposed on their parents. The finding of a median age of 5.7 years in the 1994 U.S. birth cohort points to immediate needs to improve early detection and diagnosis of ASD in the United States. Knowledge of factors that mitigate timing of identification of an ASD condition is important to achieve that goal. There were huge geographical disparities in the United States for the time of identification. The median time of identification was the most delayed for children from Alabama, the state where the lowest prevalence was also reported, which suggests that both global underdetection and later identification co-occur in areas where awareness and services are lagging behind. Other factors such as lower educational level and younger age of the mother, or in some instances, the mother's ethnic background, are associated with further delays in diagnosis timing. In the absence of variation in incidence of ASD for such social indices, the findings by Shattuck et al. point toward potential sources of social differences in the public handling of ASDs. The unspoken story of social inequalities in ASD extends beyond the timing of diagnosis. In many countries, wealthier and more educated parents can provide their toddlers with earlier, privately funded, and more intensive interventions, given that limited availability and long waiting times for appropriate public services can be discouraging. Social factors, including the ability of parents to engage as treatment partners and learn the techniques that matter, have been neglected by a generation of autism professionals that, rightly, wanted to turn away from the hideous unvalidated theories of ''refrigerator mothers.'' With new studies showing the role of parents as critical mediators of treatment response or outcome, autism professionals should look again at the role of family characteristics and of broader social variables that may act as barriers or promoters of treatment access and outcome. However, is it so important to identify ASD at an earlier age? The answer is unequivocally ''yes'' but with nuances. Two decades ago, a formidable change occurred in families' hopes Accepted January 22, 2009. Dr. Fombonne is with the McGill University and the Montreal Children's Hospital. Correspondence to Dr. Eric Fombonne, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, 4018 Ste-Catherine West, Montreal, Quebec, H37 1P2, Canada; e-mail: email@example.com. 0890-8567/09/4805-0463 2009 by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. DOI: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819e40c0 E D I T O R I A L


Introduction
On dermoscopy, the amount and location of melanin pigment can be assessed on the basis of its colors, ranging from black, brown to blue-gray. However, accurately recognizing a variety of melanin colors is sometimes difficult because the color of melanin pigment might change according to the character and intensity of lighting, and small melanin particles of different colors might be intermingled with each other. To resolve this issue, we developed a novel technique involving the use of surgical light illumination and saturation analysis.


An assembly sequence planning (ASP) method that combined the advantages of ant colony system (ACS) and Max-Min ant system (MMAS) is proposed. To identify the best sequence easily, five optimization criterions are automatically quantified, including reorientation, parallelism, continuity, stability and auxiliary stroke, and then integrated into the multi-objective heuristic and fitness functions of ant colony optimization (ACO). To improve the search capability for the global-best sequence, several measures are presented from aspects of determining number of ant, max-min pheromone limits, performance appraisal for initial components allocation and the group method for same components. The ASP algorithm based on Max-Min ant colony system (MMACS) is proposed. An assembly planning system AutoAssem is developed based on Siemens NX platform, and the actual effectiveness of each optimization measure is testified through case study of a valve.


PURPOSE: To provide a method for easily obtaining an extremely exact thread feed value and an apparatus therefor. CONSTITUTION: Pattern data (MD) is inputted as sequence in the method for controlling the thread feed of a warp knitting machine. This data is applied to a recognition routine (ER) and this routine determines what lapping type (LA) is formed and what shogging distance (SW) is instructed for each of respective warp courses (W). A table indicating a thread feed value (FZ) by each of the respective combinations of the lapping type (LA), thread take-off value (WA) and shogging distance (SW) is previously stored. The thread feed of this warp course is read out in accordance with the determined lapping type, the inputted thread take-off value, an inputtable external factor and the determined shogging distance is read out and is utilized for thread feed control. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


The acid‐catalyzed dehydration is one of the most important processes, which transforms 3‐hydroxy steroids into their corresponding unsaturated derivatives. This reaction is of great importance because it can produce molecules that play a key role in the understanding of the natural metabolism of steroids. Sterol dehydration is generally performed with aqueous acidic systems, and the treatment often affords low yields of the desired compounds and/or complex mixtures of by‐products. In this paper, we report the results obtained from the study of the structural and stereochemical effects of the acid‐induced reaction of pregn‐4‐en‐3β,17α,20β‐triol in anhydrous systems. In particular, the treatment of this trihydroxy steroid model with Lewis acids leads to the corresponding Δ3,5‐steradiene as the only product and in very high yields. With Lewis acids, no modifications of the 1,2‐diol function on the D‐ring are observed, even when the reactions are performed at high temperatures. Protic acid catalysis in non‐aqueous organic solvents causes the formation of an epimeric mixture of the corresponding Δ3,5‐steradiene derivatives by a partial stereochemical inversion of the asymmetric C‐17. The reactivity of the 17α,20β‐diolic residue is also evaluated by exposing pregn‐4‐en‐3β,17α,20β‐triol and the corresponding Δ3,5‐steradiene to the prolonged action of anhydrous protic acid systems under thermal conditions.


Published by European Publishing. © 2023 Nugroho H. S. W. et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Dear Editor, We have carefully reviewed an article that discusses antenatal depression. In this case, antenatal depression is significantly influenced by intimate partner violence (any lifetimeIPV, fear, emotional-IPV, physical-IPV and sexual-IPV). Meanwhile, of the eleven individual characteristic variables, six variables affect antenatal depression, namely civil status, family income, pregnancy planned, tobacco, alcohol and alcohol partners; while five variables (age, education level, occupation, mother tongue, and parity) did not affect it1. There are three questions related to this condition: 1) 'Is it true that age, education level, occupation, mother tongue and parity do not affect antenatal depression?'; 2) 'Could the five variables influence antenatal depression indirectly?'; and 3) 'What statistical analysis can be used to analyze this indirect effect?'. In this study, the researchers used regression analysis, so that in the hypothesis it is assumed that all individual characteristic variables simultaneously affect antenatal depression directly. Referring to relevant references, these eleven variables should not all affect antenatal depression directly. There are several variables that influence antenatal depression indirectly through intermediary variables, for example: parity affects pregnancy planned, then pregnancy planned affects antenatal depression. Referring to a similar case2, we present an alternative framework for the relationship between related variables (Figure 1), which should be reviewed and revised before use. In this case, logistic regression analysis cannot be used, and the most appropriate choice is path-analysis3,4. Because the researchers use categorical data, one of the statistical programs that can be used is Smart-PLS3. Furthermore, we suggest that researchers perform further analysis using path-analysis, to obtain more complete information about the effect of these eleven variables on antenatal depression. AFFILIATION 1 Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia 2 Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang, Malang, Indonesia 3 Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang, Malang, Indonesia 4 Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Kupang, Indonesia


The two time slots and three time slots amplify-and-forward protocols Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based protocols have been investigated previously by various researchers. However, the low diversity order reduces the performance of these TDMA based protocols and has several limitations. Therefore, in this work Enhanced Amplify-and-Forward (EAF) three time slots TDMA based protocol with inter-relay communication has been proposed. Moreover, the normalization factor  has been derived, for the 3 rd time slots, to further enhance the performance of the proposed protocol. Due to the improved diversity order and derived normalization factor, the EAF protocol showed low BER and high BER-Gain, as compared to previous proposed AF two time slots and three time slots TDMA based protocols. The proposed protocol is also evaluated by using Global-Percentage-Error-Decrease (GPED) and Local-Percentage-Error (LPED) methods. The proposed protocol showed improvement over previous proposed two time slots protocol, in terms of high GPED in BER of 77.28% at K=1, 46.85% at K=3. From the comparison with PPAF three time slots protocol, the EAF protocol demonstrated GPED in BER of 54.85% at K=1 and 51.26% at K=3. Moreover, the EAF protocol indicated high LPED in BER, as compared to PPAF two time slots and three time slots protocols, with the increase in SNR values.


The most well known remedies have been found in a colonization town, Guadiana Caudillo (Badajoz, Spain) through a descriptive and observational study, and a random sampling where 94 persons were interrogated. The results have been compared with the Spanish Folkmedicine and the Chinese, Indian and North African Tradicional Medicines, as well as wiith the indications from the Commission E (commission of experts from the German Ministry of Health) and ESCOP (European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy). There are parallels and similarities in the various Folkmedicines pointing to the need for increasing the efforts in Etnomedicine from both a multidisciplinary and integrated optics.


ABSTRACT Expectile, first introduced by Newey and Powell in 1987 in the econometrics literature, has recently become increasingly popular in risk management and capital allocation for financial institutions due to its desirable properties such as coherence and elicitability. The current standard tool for expectile regression analysis is the multiple linear expectile regression proposed by Newey and Powell in 1987. The growing applications of expectile regression motivate us to develop a much more flexible nonparametric multiple expectile regression in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The resulting estimator is called KERE, which has multiple advantages over the classical multiple linear expectile regression by incorporating nonlinearity, nonadditivity, and complex interactions in the final estimator. The kernel learning theory of KERE is established. We develop an efficient algorithm inspired by majorization-minimization principle for solving the entire solution path of KERE. It is shown that the algorithm converges at least at a linear rate. Extensive simulations are conducted to show the very competitive finite sample performance of KERE. We further demonstrate the application of KERE by using personal computer price data. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.


In the history of Islam, in the classical era, radicalism has existed, so it is not a new phenomenon in the modern age. Since the time of the Caliph Umar radicalism has emerged, but not yet organized, only in the time of the Caliph Ali bin Abu Talib this movement began to be systemized and organized through a Khawarij theological movement with its radical and uncompromising understanding of various acts of violence to oppose the tahkim or arbitration between the caliphs. Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiyah. Arbitration takes place in the context of the Shiffin war in which the khawarij group considers those who agreed to deviate from Islamic teachings. Later in Cairo an organization that had the same characteristics as the khawarij emerged, who wanted the authenticity of the teachings of Islam in the form of literal interpretation, without compromise, softening or reduction or reinterpretation. In filling out theological studies related to radicalism, this research was made to analyze "The relationship between radical genealogists in the classical period and the contemporary era in interpreting the Qur'an literally" At the end of the analysis will discuss the deconstruction of jihad as an effort to explain the meaning of jihad from various paradigms.


Li2ZrO3 based sorbents were synthesized for CO2 capture at high temperature between 500 and 700 °C. Monoclinic ZrO2, tetragonal Li2ZrO3, Li2CO3, K2CO3 and LiKCO3 phases were detected by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The sorbents showed high stability and moderate capture efficiency. The addition of K resulted in the improvement of capture efficiency from 0.052 g CO2 g mat−1 in materials without K to 0.083 g CO2 g mat−1 in the doped solid. Here, we report an experimental setup of Raman spectroscopy coupled with online mass spectrometry and a demonstration of its capabilities using lithium zirconates as sorbents for high temperature CO2 capture. Operando Raman spectroscopy allowed us to follow up the phase evolution during the capture process for the first time. The results obtained confirmed the presence of molten K and Li carbonates when the K-doped zirconates were exposed to CO2 at 500 °C.


LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Bager et al and LeBlanc & Hart papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16166 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16185


By considering the classical problem of electromagnetic scattering of a circular conducting cylinder, the invariance of the measured equation of invariance (MEI) is examined analytically. Using the asymptotic expansion of the Hankel function of second kind, H/sub n//sup (2)/(k/spl rho/), the case of an electrically large cylinder is studied. It is shown that by truncating all the terms of the expansion with orders higher than 1/(k/spl rho/)/sup 2/, the MEI coefficients are invariant to the field of excitation.


Carbon nano‐onions (CNOs), recognized as multilayered fullerenes, display superior electrical conductivity (comparable with carbon black) and large surface area due to the highly defective sp2 carbon shells, making it a promising member of carbon nanomaterials for energy applications. However, the lack of efficient synthesis of CNOs in large‐scale production (gram quantities) has impeded their range of commercial applications. Herein, for the first time, it is demonstrated that the gram‐scale synthesis of CNOs is developed by simply annealing pitch‐coated petroleum coke for supercapacitors. Significantly, the CNOs with diameters of ≈5–30 nm and abundant micropores deliver outstanding specific capacitance of 312 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and retain 251 F g−1 at 20 A g−1. Moreover, the corresponding synthesis mechanism is proposed to gain a clear insight into the formation of CNOs from heavy‐oil‐based carbon precursors. This work provides a practical pathway to synthesize CNOs on a large scale.


Hierarchical macroporous-mesoporous SBA-15 silicas have been synthesised via dual-templating routes employing liquid crystalline surfactants and polystyrene beads. These offer high surface areas and well-defined, interconnecting macro- and mesopore networks with respective narrow size distributions around 300 nm and 3-5 nm for polystyrene:tetraethoxysilane ratios ≥2:1. Subsequent functionalisation with propylsulfonic acid yields the first organized, macro-mesoporous solid acid catalyst. The enhanced mass transport properties of these new bi-modal solid acid architectures confer significant rate enhancements in the transesterification of bulky glyceryl trioctanoate, and esterification of long chain palmitic acid, over pure mesoporous analogues. This paves the way to the wider application of hierarchical catalysts in biofuel synthesis and biomass conversion.


This paper describes the software design of online measurement of cutting temperature,which is based on LabVIEW.The software realizes the function of real-time displaying for cutting temperature,storing and analysis of the data of cutting parameters,forming cutting test report,and designing cutting orthogonal experiment.


e17547 Background: The Canadian Cancer Clinical Trials Network (3CTN) was created in 2013 in response to the State of Cancer Clinical Trials in Canada Report recommendation for pan-Canadian program to facilitate initiation and conduct of academic cancer clinical trials. Goals are 1) strengthen capability and capacity for multi-centre trials developed by the academic sector; 2) improve patient outcomes. Methods: To establish 3CTN: 1) Sites were surveyed about current trial activities, personnel and resources; 2) the 2011-2013 academic trials portfolio was created from cancer registries; 3) recruitment data was collected . Results: 47 Canadian sites responded to the survey. Atlantic Canada had the fewest numbers of trials, phase 1 trials, biospecimens and novel imaging capacity. Ontario conducted the most academic trials. Most sites did not have clinical trial management systems. Average time from protocol receipt ranged from 85 - 198 days. All sites had SOPs and training programs. The most commonly cited r...


Usage of depth sensors in activity recognition is an emerging technology in human-computer interaction. This study presents an approach to recognise human-to-human interactions by using depth information. Both hand-crafted features and deep features extracted from depth frames are studied. After selecting and ranking strong features with Relieff algorithm, depth frames are assigned to words. Then, interaction sequences are represented as histograms of words and non-linear input mapping is applied over histogram bins to minimise differences among various subjects. Random forest, K-nearest neighbour, and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers are trained using these histograms. The final model is tested on SBU and K3HI datasets and compared with the methods in the literature. In the experiments, joint distances, joint angles and spherical coordinates of the joints were the best performing features. The most successful results are obtained with the composite kernel SVM with Relieff and input mapping methods. While Relieff algorithm helps to select and rank the best features in the feature set, input mapping reduces differences among interactions of various actors.


Distributed graph signal processing algorithms require the network nodes to communicate by exchanging messages in order to achieve a common objective. These messages have a finite precision in realistic networks, which may necessitate to implement message quantization. Quantization, in turn, may generate distortion and performance penalty in the distributed processing tasks. This paper proposes a novel method for distributed graph filtering that minimizes the error due to message quantization without compromising the communication costs. It first bounds the exchanged messages and then allocates a limited bit budget in an optimized way to the different messages and network nodes. In particular, our novel quantization algorithm adapts to both the network topology and the message importance in a distributed processing task. Our results show that the proposed method is effective in minimizing the error due to quantization and that it permits to outperform baseline distributed algorithms when the bit budget is limited. They further show that errors produced in nodes with high eccentricity or in the first steps of the distributed algorithm contribute more to the global error. Also, sparse and irregular graphs require more irregular bit distribution. Our method provides one of the first quantization solutions for distributed graph processing, which is able to adapt to the target task, the graph properties and the communication constraints.


Background Allergic sensitisations of the immune system involve the formation of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies after (initial) contact with certain otherwise harmless sub stances (allergens). Repeated contact with allergens, how ever, sensitises the immune system. On subsequent con tact, the immune system recognises these allergens and this triggers a reaction by its defence mechanisms. Allergic reactions can affect different organs, have different degrees of severity and show various symptoms. Although allergic sensitisations are measurable by analysing the levels of IgE antibodies in the blood, detecting these antibodies does not provide a measurement of disease, rather they are mere ly associated with an increased risk of allergic diseases [1]. There are four different types of allergic reaction. Type I hypersensitivity, also referred to as the immediate type, is the most common form and it is mediated by IgE antibod ies. Some of the best known manifestations of Type I aller gies include hay fever and (allergic) asthma. These condi tions are among the most common chronic diseases in childhood and adolescence, they place significant burdens on health and have strong socioeconomic consequences [2, 3]. An important aspect of epidemiological allergy research is the extent to which sensitisations persist and how they may develop or even decline during the life course. In particular, this applies to sensitisations to important inhalant allergens that play a significant role in the devel opment of hay fever and asthma. Only limited data are available that can be used to calculate transition probabil ities. However, as part of the KiGGS cohort – the largest cohort for children and adolescents in Germany – mea surements were taken of important specific IgE antibodies that are associated with the most commonly occurring allergic diseases. These measurements were made during the KiGGS baseline study (20032006) and KiGGS Wave 2 (20142017). This data can help answer the important ques tion about the extent to which allergic sensitisations per sist, arise or even decline over a period of more than ten years. This article, therefore, uses the longitudinal data from the KiGGS cohort to investigate the transition prob abilities of allergic sensitisations during the transition from childhood to young adulthood.


As GPM watches spring weather from above, we want to see what spring looks like to you! Get out your cameras and show us the signs of spring in your area - from April showers to dew-drops on flowers. Show us how precipitation influences spring in your area. Post your coolest photos of the signs of spring, and we'll choose the best ones to post on


The developmental plaarmacology of endotoxin (Escherichia coli UKT-b) inthe rabbit was studied. When newborn rabbits were kept at a high ambient temperatureat which its basal metabolism was considered minimal, a small but definite febrile responsewas observed to endotoxin administered intravenously (0.5 pg/kg), subcutaneously (l pg/kg)or intracisternally (0.1 ng/kg). At room temperature (25C), such a significant febrileresponse was not observed. The febrile response increased in magnitude with the advancein age. Susceptibilities to the lethal effect of intravenous or intracisternal endotoxin werehigh in rabbits from the lst to 3rd day of life. They decreased over a period from the 7thto 21st day of life. Thereafter, tltey increased with the advance in age. Neither skinreaction nor shock by endotoxin was observed in rabbits under 21 days of age. Theseresults suggested that the receptor-effector mechanisms to endotoxin might be developedfairly in the CNS, but very poorly in the peripheral organs of rabbits in the early postnatal age.


This study includes topics related to social networking and teamwork in the United Arab Emirates organizations. The paper focuses on different concepts including the meaning of teamwork, formal and informal teamwork, and social teamwork challenges. Several key issues to be addressed are evaluating network communication in business, teamwork rewards, and scopes in the UAE business organizations. The research method utilized is a structural interview and focus group that includes 14 Public Relations practitioners in different public and private organizations. The researcher developed specific questions, such as: What are the challenges that face Public Relations practitioners when developing teamwork for social networking? Do leaders respect social network teams? Why? What are the advantages and disadvantages of social network teams? One of the research goals is to investigate PR employees and their adaptation of teamwork in local organizations, collaborations, and virtual and social networking. The study concludes with many behavioral and PR employees' thoughts, such as a preference of informal teamwork as it relates to the organizational environment. Consequently, if the managers offer motivation and job satisfaction, the teamwork will accrue. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61350-168-9.ch050


A series of technological parameters in controlling plasma in deep penetration CO2 laser welding at an arrange of power level from 1 kW to 5 kW were investigated by using a precise declined-blow system by which the gas-assisting pressure and nozzle position can be precisely adjusted for various gas species and laser power levels. The mechanism of plasma-control by assist gas was also clarified on the basis of pressure measurement of assist gas, estimation of metallic vapor pressure in the cavity, and monitoring of plasma brightness by using phototransistors. It was found that the effect of assist gas on penetration depth can be divided three regions with the change of the assist gas pressure. No matter what gas species were used, only is the gas pressure slightly higher than the vapor pressure, plasma can be suppressed by forcing the vapor to flow away from the incidental laser beam along the cavity rear wall, then optimum weld beads can be obtained.


This study aims to explore the place of spirituality in a public education context in Japan by investigating 151 teachers' beliefs and perceptions with regard to spirituality, placing particular focus on assessing their spiritual intelligence. The study also attempts to investigate the teachers' views about different educational ideas, including several types of spirituality education that are advocated by educators. The questionnaire survey includes the Spirituality Sensitivity Scale(SSS) developed by Tirri et al.(2006), as well as an open-ended question on spirituality and fixed questions on types of spirituality education. The SSS was developed as a measurable instrument for assessing the spiritual intelligence of an individual in light of the arguments by Gardner(1999) and Emmons(2000)that human spirituality can be regarded as a form of intelligence. The results indicate that the respondents exhibited elements of spiritual intelligence, such as giving meaning to life and securing one's own space, while their definitions of what constitutes spirituality showed a gap with those provided by researchers and educators in the field. The results also revealed that the idea of nurturing a sense of awe and wonder toward nature found most favor with the teachers, who were least disposed toward ideas of teaching spiritual practices, such as meditation, and teaching various spiritual traditions and their worldviews. 1


The subject innovation is aims to so as to reduce, more specifically, the force to put in place stacked on laying place during cable laying operations relates to a cable feeder apparatus for laying a cable (Cable) and increase productivity. With this devise, to the casing (Casing) forming the main body, and the first roller is possible to install the rotation on the outside of the casing, and drive means for transmitting the driving force to the first roller, the first roller and the line the arrangement is characterized in that it comprises a second roller spacing adjusting means for doedoe rotatably provided on an outside of the casing, the slide operation of moving linearly along the rails installed on said casing is connected. According to the present invention, it is possible when the process of laying the cable to the vessel, as well as to facilitate the work with little time and cost at the same time expect the effect of the staffing of the attraction reduction has the effect of improving productivity.


The work discloses the modern comprehension of the didactic concept of "the project method". An analysis is made of the approaches to study the structure of this technology. The author provides his own comprehension, which is confirmed by teaching practice in higher education institution.


Since the late 1990s, Mexico has undertaken a stabilization program that reduced inflation to rates not seen in more than 30 years. The benefits of this progress have been substantial, including the improvement of living standards and the creation of an environment suitable for economic growth. Nevertheless, monetary policy still faces considerable challenges, among which the most important is reaching price stability, defined by the Bank of Mexico as a permanent annual inflation target of 3 percent. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the achievements of Mexico's current stabilization program and identify its shortcomings in order to recommend measures for improvement. Emphasis is on the crucial role of monetary institutions in the progress attained, in particular, the inflation targeting approach under floating exchange rates and other complementary economic policies. Notwithstanding these achievements, the stagnation of disinflation since 2002 and the subsequent inability of the central bank to meet its inflation targets are identified as a major setback, which has damaged the credibility of monetary policy. Behind the recent lack of development, serious limitations of the monetary strategy emerge, including a protracted tolerance of deviations from targets, particularly a propensity to be more reactive than preemptive in the fight against inflation. I warn of the risk of complacency and propose several basic steps to improve communication and operation of monetary policy to control inflation. Finally, Mexico's failures and successes provide some lessons for China, particularly the need to strengthen its banking system as a prerequisite of any monetary modernization.


### Introduction

1Food intake in humans and other mammals is a complex process, resulting from the integration of homeostatic systems that monitor energy stores with hedonic drive resulting from the behaviorally reinforcing properties of food ([Fig. 1][1]) ([Lutter and Nestler, 2009][2]). Under


This paper develops and extends a dynamic, discrete time, job to worker matching model in which jobs are heterogeneous in equilibrium. The key assumptions of this economic environment are (i) matching is directed and (ii) coordination frictions lead to heterogeneous local labor markets. We de- rive a number of new theoretical results, which are essential for the empirical application of this type of model to matched employer-employee microdata. First, we o¤er a robust equilibrium concept in which there is a continu- ous dispersion of job productivities and wages. Second, we show that our model can be readily solved with continuous exogenous worker heterogene- ity, where high type workers (high outside options and productivity) earn higher wages in high type jobs and are hired at least as frequently to the better job types as low type workers (low outside options and productivity). Third, we demonstrate that the tractability of this framework is enhanced by analyzing and proving the equivalence of "seller auctions" and "buyer posting". We also prove a related result concerning the equivalence of buyer posting and seller posting when buyers di¤er continuously. Finally, we show that all of these results preserve the essential tractability of the baseline model with aggregate shocks. Therefore, we o¤er a parsimonious, general equilibrium framework in which to study the process by which the contin- uous dispersion of wages and productivities varies over the business cycle for a large population of workers with continuous dispersion of unobserved worker types.


Using triethanolamine agent substitute for mercury sodium tetrachloride,an improvement to the measurement method of sulfurous acid salt in the food was investigated according to the national standard (GB5009.34-2003).The results show that at the same conditions,the replacement of mercury sodium tetrachloride by triethanolamine generates the simple operation,environment friendly and effective experimental results.


We review recent results that lead to a very precise understanding of the dynamics of typical unimodal maps from the statistical point of view. We also describe the (generalized) renormalization approach to the study of the statistical properties of typical unimodal maps.


Abstract The chemical composition and yield of winter wheat cultivated on flotation tailings with a humus layer were analyzed. In spite of a high concentration of sulfate sulfur in the soil substitute, no excessive accumulation of total sulfur in wheat grain and straw was detected. A considerable deficiency of P in grain and straw was found. The crude and true protein contents, as well as the yield of crude protein in the grain, were positively correlated with the total sulfur content. The crude protein yield and true protein level were positively correlated with the N/S ratio.