Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, are a critical problem in human medicine. Even before the "germ theory" was accepted, it was common knowledge that a hospital could be a source of disease. Indeed, throughout much of the medical history, persons with financial means avoided hospitals to have home care at all costs because of the relatively high likelihood of HAI. The cause and reasons for disease might not have been known, but the fact that people often developed a disease when they were admitted to hospital was clearly understood. Although the advancement of medicine has reduced or eliminated many infectious disease burdens, HAIs continue to be a major challenge. Every year, hundreds of thousands of individuals develop a new infection after admission to a human hospital, and tens of thousands die. The economic costs are staggering. A 2009 report for the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated the overall annual direct costs of HAIs in the USA alone to be USA $28·4–45 billion (Scott 2009). This estimate does not include the massive indirect costs (e.g. community care costs, lost wages and productivity by the patient and caregivers) or the difficult-to-quantify impacts of illness and death on patients and their families. As modern medicine advances, the risk of HAIs continues to increase because of the simple fact that many people are alive who would have otherwise died without the advanced healthcare technologies, but living in a state of increased susceptibility to disease. An ageing population with increased healthcare exposure and disease susceptibility, economic challenges thrust upon the facilities by funding bodies and emerging diseases further compound the problem. Fortunately, the practice of infection control can mitigate some of these risks. The potential dramatic impact of simple infection control practices has been known since the time of sentinel observations by clinicians like Ignaz Semmelweis (1818–1865), who linked poor hygiene practices with post-partum infections in women and dramatically decreased mortality with a regimented hand hygiene programme. However, adoption of even basic infection control practices has often been met by ambivalence, resistance or even downright hostility, an astounding fact given the potentially profound impact of basic practices. Just as the economic impact of HAIs is staggering, so is the potential economic benefit of infection control interventions, an estimated USA $5·7 to 31·5 billion in the USA alone (Scott 2009). This number only reflects the direct hospital savings, without considering community cost savings and non-economic benefits, and various studies over the years have demonstrated positive costbenefit outcomes for a range of infection control interventions. Although poorly quantified, it is undeniable that HAIs occur also in veterinary hospitals and the incidence may be on the rise. The risk of HAI is ever-present in veterinary medicine for many of the same reasons as in human medicine. By the nature of veterinary practice, we "invite" a multitude of potential pathogens into facilities on a daily basis, on or in both diseased and clinically healthy animals. Veterinary personnel can harbour and transmit various pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Hanselman and others 2006, Loeffler and others 2010), and the hospital environment can be widely contaminated (Murphy and others 2010, Hoet and others 2011). Veterinary facilities often designed with little regard for infection control can hamper infection control practices. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens that are emerging in human beings can spill over into pets, creating new microbial challenges for veterinary surgeons. Minimizing the impact of these risks, among others, is the goal of infection control. While there are many differences between human and veterinary medicine, we can look to human medicine for guidance, and learn from both their successes and failures. Infection control in human hospitals received limited attention until recent decades. Various waves of interest and effort were accomplished, typically in response to periodic high-profile HAI challenges, but concerted efforts were largely made in response to the epidemic of MDR bacterial infections (most notably MRSA) that developed in the 1980s. The profound impact on the morbidity and mortality of hospitalised patients highlighted the need for improved infection control measures. Infections of healthcare workers from exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) drove changes in contact precautions and sharp-handling practices. In both of these examples, changes in infection control practices were reactionary, following illness and death of large numbers of individuals. Now, infection control is a developed and recognised field in human medicine, with specifically trained personnel, defined training and certification programmes, and a more proactive approach to reduce risks in patients and healthcare workers alike. Large national surveillance programmes provide in-depth evaluation of the epidemiology and microbiology of hospital-associated infections. Groups such as the Association for Professionals in Infection Control (APIC) have developed comprehensive practice guidelines involving a wide range of topics. Journals such as the American Journal of Infection Control, Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology and Journal of Hospital Infection highlight the ongoing advances in principles and practice of the field. In contrast, infection control in veterinary medicine remains very much in its infancy, with few dedicated personnel, formal training opportunities or coordinated surveillance programmes and limited funding opportunities for infection control surveillance or research. Infection control efforts are typically reactive, responding to situations such as outbreaks after they have developed, rather than proactive. However, the widespread and rapid dissemination of MDR pathogens such as MRSA, is driving interest, and the profound impact of MRSA and other MDR pathogens on human medicine should serve as a claxon call to act to avoid the same problems that were encountered in human beings. As veterinary medicine advances, and more patients are undergoing invasive procedures, being immunosuppressed and generally living in states of increased susceptibility to infection, infection control must also advance. Additionally, increasing awareness about zoonotic diseases, from both owner and occupational health standpoints, as well as the potential for veterinary hospitals to act as foci of infection


Excerpt] The unionization of clerical workers on college campuses is steadily increasing and becoming the subject of greater scrutiny. The National Center has long been interested in this facet of unionization and when we learned of the work of Professor Hurd in this area we expressed an interest in publishing his research. This article presents Hurd's and Woodhead's research on college and university clerical unionization.


We consider the problem of efficiently interpolating an "approximate" black-box polynomial p(x) that is sparse when represented in the Chebyshev basis. Our computations will be in a traditional floating-point environment, and their numerical sensitivity will be investigated. We also consider the related problem of interpolating a sparse linear combination of "approximate" trigonometric functions. The costs of all our algorithms will be sensitive to the sparsity of the output.


Abstract The popularity of various types of abbreviations makes it necessary to rediscuss their categorization and possible disambiguation. We rely on categorization types applied in cognitive linguistics, also confronting definitions and forms stemming from both linguistic and software-based approaches. A major distinction is observed between abbreviations resulting from one-word and multi-word sequences, leading to various subtypes with prototypical, less central, and hybrid cases. Although guidelines offer advice on their use, these rules should be re-evaluated in specific settings, such as subtitling and translation. While previous research on the topic focused on journal articles, we have collected a database of nearly 13,000 abbreviations and acronyms from five American TV series with the help of a specially designed algorithm. Our research also highlights the importance of punctuation, exemplifying some of the most frequent ones with alternative versions (with or without period) and discusses the Romanian and Hungarian translations of a well-known American agency. The concluding remarks mention that even if subtitle conventions are not severely regulated, a database of acronyms may significantly improve quality, especially in the case of TV series.


Three different searches for charged Higgs bosons with the A TLAS detector are presented. The first one is a search for a charged Higgs boson in tt̄ decays, where one of the top quarks decays via t → H+b, followed byH+ → cs̄ [1]. 95% confidence level (CL) upper limits on B(t → bH+) varying between 5% and 1% for H+ masses between 90 GeV and 150 GeV, assuming B(H+ → cs̄) = 100% are obtained. The second one is a search for charged Higg s bosons through the violation of lepton universality intt̄ events, where signatures containing leptons ( e/μ) and/or a hadronically decayingτ (τhad) were used [2]. No significant deviation from the Standard Mo del predictions is observed. With the assumption that the branc hing fractionB(H+ → τν) is 100%, upper limits in the range 3.2% to 4.4% on the branching fracti on B(t → bH+) for charged Higgs boson masses in the range 90 − 140 GeV are obtained. Finally, a search for new particles in an extension to the Standard Model that includes a heavy Higg s boson ( H0), an intermediate charged Higgs-boson pair ( H±), and a light Higgs boson ( h0) [3], is presented. The data is found to be consistent with Standard Model predictions, and 95% co nfidence-level upper limits on the product of cross section and branching ratio are obtained. T he limits range from 0.065 to 43 pb as a function ofH0 andH± masses, withmh0 fixed at 125 GeV.


Background: Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders caused by the defect in various steps in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates. Material and methods: 40 patients under clinical suspicions for CDG at the Institute of Mother and Child were examined by isoelectric focusing of transferrin (IEFT) in collaboration with RadboudUMC, Netherlands and U.S.A. The spectrum of clinical presentations of these patients was multisystem damage, predominantly neurological manifestations. Results: Most of the patients (55%) had early neurological manifestations from the birth, such as hypotonia, psychomotor disability, cerebral MRI abnormalities, seizures (25%), cutis laxa (17.5%), total alopecia (2.5%), abnormal fat pads (2.5%), myopia (7.5%), nystagmus (5%), strabismus (2.5%), stroke-like episodes (2.5.%), ataxia (7.5%), abnormal coagulation (10%), hepatomegaly (35%) and liver cirrhosis (2.5%). Serum samples analyzed by IEFT showed the results: 37 normal, 2 questionable and 1 abnormal patterns. Two samples questionable belongs to the patients with Galactosemia and Fructosemia, which give the false-positive results. The last positive sample is performed additionally for glycomics profiling. In some cases, with IEFT negative profile was performed genetic test and were diagnosed other diseases, mimicking CDG, such as: NARP syndrome, late diagnosed PKU, GSD, Manosidoses, Prader-Willi Syndrome and chromosomal aberrations. Conclusions: The CDG is a rare metabolic disease with multisystem impairment and variety of symptoms which determine overlapping of phenotype with other genetic disorders. The process of diagnosis is very complex and can take several years.


By 1850~ Bethlehem was no longer a closed society ofthe Moravian church. For the first time in its history, non-Moravianswere allowed to move into the town proper. Scholars have argued that the loss of the religious focus .of the community ended the uniqueness of Bethlehem. Yet some of the institutions from the closed period of Bethlehem continued to provide support for Moravian women. Also, historians of the cOmnlunity and family argued .that household structure changed as the heads and household members aged according to the "life course paradigm." This study argues that after the dissolution of the closed society the ~oravian community continued to offer aid to single and widowed women. As well, the maleheaded households in Bethlehem did not fit into the "life course paradigm" that scholars found in other nineteenth-century communities. This statistical analysis of the borough of Bethlehem integrated data from the 1850 federal census, tax records, and local histories. This thesis concluded that contrary to the "life course paradigm" offered by scholars of other nineteenth-century United States communities, extended households in Bethlehem were located across all the age cohorts of male household heads due to its status as a "pre-industrial" community. The presence of small workshops created households in which laborers lived with their employers., rC 1 Furthermore, because non-Moravians could not purchase land or propertY in Bethlehem proper until 1844, Bethlehem continuedto be a predominantly Moravian community. As well,. the continued operation of the Widows' House and the Sisters' House provided Moravian women with option~ that . . may not have been available in larger communities. This suggests that the Moravians continued to influence Bethlehem after the community was "opened to outsiders. The "life course paradigm" and the focus of historians on boarders overlook communities that were not industrialized and had histo~es distinct from the "New England" model. This indicates that the "life course paradigm" needs to be re-examined to expand beyond a concentration on age-based stages and industrial economic considerations.


Unique properties of Ultra Wideband (UWB) radio, including very high data rate, low power consumption and low cost, make it a promising technology for fourth generation short-range wireless mobile communications. This paper introduces the reader to the UWB technology, to its main properties, capabilities and applications. Furthermore, the current status of regulatory issues of UWB radio transmission is presented. Index words: UWB, wireless communication, WLAN


This text addresses experiences of Latin American cardboard publishers as collective artistic practices, engaged in the production and circulation of books at affordable prices, in the promotion of visual creation spaces open to the communities in which they develop their practices and to give visibility to creators who otherwise would not have access, not only as consumers but as cultural producers. Cartonera publishers arise in Latin America, the first experience was that of Eloisa Cartonera in Buenos Aires, founded in 2003 by Washington Cucurto and Javier Barilaro, which assumed the format of a cooperative, and spread to other Latin American, European and African countries assuming different formats. This work aims to report on the development and results of an investigation carried out between 2016 and 2017, using as a grounded theory as its methodological framework based on interviews, documentary analysis and recovery of images published on social networks. This research collects the voices of five cardboard publishers, from interviews and the voices of other seven publishers from the study of their manifestos. This made it possible to reveal their forms of organization, the decision‐making process, the place of visual creation and the ways of creating community. The conclusions revealed a series of diverse practices that fell under the name of cartoneras and that were halfway between creation and activism.


Technological disruption has forced higher education institutions to re-adjust their governance model so that organization sustainability can be achieved in facing future challenges. The purpose of the implementation of governance digital transformation is to improve organizational performance, particularly in higher education institutions. Nowadays, almost every organization in the world is modifying their business processes by integrating technology into their operational activities, especially the procurement process as a supply chain support, to achieve established organizational strategic business goals. Through governance and digital transformation, flexibility in meeting market changes can be acquired. The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of procurement's digital transformation in higher education and improve its supply chain performance. The methodology used in this study is a literature review from several sources. As a conclusion, we aim to show that procurement digital transformation has significantly impacted supply chain performance, and supply chain innovation has also significantly impacted higher education institution performance


The authors present a distributed power control algorithm for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) third generation mobile communications systems. In the algorithm, a new exponential type of power update function is defined. By altering the parameter a in the update function, the system can satisfy different performance requirements. The major properties of the algorithm are revealed and the convergence condition is investigated. Simulation results show that the new algorithm has faster convergence speed and better system stability compared to most existing distributed power control algorithms.


Studies of the annealing of GaInNAs quantum wells under argon or hydrogen atmosphere revealed a significant dependency of the annealing behavior on the growth temperature. Structural investigation by means of transmission electron microscopy reveals the formation of vacancy type dislocation loops after argon annealing only for quantum wells grown at low temperature. This was not observed for hydrogen annealing. The formation of these loops leads to enhanced nonradiative recombination reducing the luminescence efficiency. In contrast, samples grown at high temperatures show improved luminescence efficiency upon both annealing atmospheres. This is attributed to the growth-induced formation of different kinds of defects.


This study examines Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth of the Malaysian economy from 1971 to 2007. By using the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), this study estimates the contribution of technological change and technical efficiency change to the TFP growth and further identifies the determinants of TFP. The results from this study show that for the overall periods between the years 1971 and 2007, the contribution of technological change to TFP is higher than the contribution of technical efficiency change. Similar results are found for the periods 1971-1985 and 1999-2007. Only for the period 1986-1998, the contribution of technical efficiency change exceeds that of technological change. The study found that even though TFP growth is a significant contributor to the economic growth, but its contribution is still lower than the capital and labor. In contrast, capital is the most important contributor to the economic growth of Malaysia. Further, the result shows that the manufacturing output growth is the main contributor to the growth of TFP, followed by the percentage of foreign-owned companies. The percentage of workers with tertiary education is not a significant determinant of TFP growth despite having a positive and the highest coefficient.


A non-invasive measurement using near-infrared radiation has been widely used and provides valuable information in the clinical and basic medical research field. Our research group has recently invented a portable non-invasive monitoring device (Astrim) to determine hemoglobin levels by using the principle of near-infrared spectroscopy combined with analyzing optical images of venous blood vessels taken by a charge-coupled device camera. The devise has also been designed to calculate the venous oxygenation index (VOI) based on the ratio of the light absorption of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb). Previous studies have shown that the VOI is a reliable indicator in evaluating peripheral venous oxygen metabolism and skin blood flow under different physiological circumstances. To elucidate the potential clinical use of the index in the gynecological field, we measured the VOI during the menstrual cycle and investigated whether the VOI indicating peripheral circulative function is influenced by the fluctuations of ovarian hormones and/or various physical and emotional symptoms a majority of women of reproductive age experience in the premenstrual phase. Twenty five eumenorrheic healthy young (20.4±0.2 yrs) women not taking any medications participated in the study after giving their informed consent. All subjects were studied during the follicular and the late luteal phase for three consecutive menstrual cycles. All experiments were performed in the morning after the subjects fasted overnight. The subjects rested for 10 minutes at room temperature sitting in a comfortable chair. The left middle finger was then placed on the detection probe of the Astrim, and hemoglobin levels, venous blood vessel width, and the VOI were automatically determined. The VOI was calculated as the following equation: VOI = −h2/h1. h1 and h2 was defined as the degree of light absorption of HbO2 and Hb at the wavelengths of 805 and 660 nm, respectively, in the near-infrared region. It should be noted that HbO2 and Hb absorb light equally at 805 nm, whereas at 660 nm absorption is primarily from HbO2. The skin temperature of the finger was also measured by digital thermometer. All data was taken ten times. The emotional and physical symptoms of each subject accompanying the menstrual cycle were assessed by the daily rating score throughout the entire study period. The oral temperature and urinary ovarian hormones adjusted for creatinine significantly increased in the late luteal phase. The statistical analysis verified the reliability and repeatability of the VOI. While most subjects experienced mild physical and emotional discomforts in the late luteal phase, none suffered to the point of disturbing their daily activity. Concerning the VOI, we found that it decreased more significantly in the late luteal phase than in the follicular phase (−76.0±3.3 vs. −68.2±2.2; P < 0.05). Our data demonstrated that the VOI reflecting peripheral oxygen metabolism is a valuable and practical index to non-invasively evaluate peripheral circulative function under various physiological conditions. Psychological and vasomotor complaints, and peripheral circulation disorder would be more apparent in the climacteric stage. Thus, the present study further supports the clinical use of the VOI in the gynecological field, in addition to the potential applicability to basic medical research and public health promotion projects.


The article examines how multi-ethnic publics negotiate questions of legitimacy. It explains the deep public scepticism surrounding the Iraq war (2003) and subsequent security policy, not just in terms of declining trust in Prime Minister Tony Blair and in the news media, but as a corrosive 'legitimacy deficit' with significant implications for the prospects of participatory democracy and multicultural citizenship. The arguments are grounded in a collaborative ethnography of news audiences across the UK, including multilingual and multi-ethnic ones. Using a Weberian framework, the article analyses the patterning of interviewees' responses to the justifications given for going to war, and it assesses the implications of the 'legitimacy deficit' for notions of security and UK security policy.


Here we introduce the Power Loss Index (PLI) and Power Stability Index (PSI), for placement of D-STATCOM on a bus, to reduce line losses and improve the voltage profile of the system in consideration. In PLI method, by carrying out load flow, the bus parameters are calculated. The PLI uses the reactive power value of all the buses to find out the optimal placement of D-STATCOM. PSI is developed considering stable node voltages. The proposed algorithm has been tested on a standard IEEE 12-bus radial distribution system in MIPOWER software. MATLAB has been using for comparative analysis using various plots.


An approach for assimilating trusted-source data as a potential means of reducing uncertainties in large-eddy simulations is presented in this paper. The approach is based on an interpretation of ensemble Kalman filtering as applied to statistically-stationary flows. The technique leads to a spatially and temporally varying source term that serves to steer a large-eddy simulation in the direction of trusted-source data without significantly affecting resolved-turbulence structural content. The approach has been tested for a reacting 2D hydrogen-air shear layer (with trusted-source data obtained from a concurrent fine-mesh large-eddy simulation) and for a 3D scramjet combustor (with trusted-source data coming from CARS and SPIV measurements). The results show the potential of the new method as a means of constraining a large-eddy simulation so that its statistics evolve more in accord with trusted-source data. Though applied to problems relevant to high-speed propulsion in this paper, the method is generally applicable to large-eddy simulations of statisticallystationary flows.


Hydrogen sulfide (H/sub 2/S) emissions from geothermal operations at The Geysers, California are perceived as a problem. California has adopted an ambient air quality standard of 30 parts per billion. Ambient monitors have recorded levels in excess of this standard. Local air pollution control regulations were enacted to reduce H/sub 2/S levels. H/sub 2/S emission sources at The Geysers include natural fumaroles, wells, steam collection system vents, power plant off-gas vents, cooling towers and steam stacking. The state-of-the-art abatement has improved significantly during the last few years through application of various technologies. The environmental, economic and energy costs have unfortunately been significant. Many new technologies are under development or planned.


We study the mechanism of stochastic resonance for the Landau Ginzburg equation in two space dimensions, perturbed by a white noise. We review how to renormalize the equation in order to avoid ultraviolet divergences. Next, we show that the renormalization amplifies the effect of the small periodic perturbation in the system. We argue that stochastic resonance can be used to highlight the effect of renormalization in a spatially extended system with multiple, stable statistical steady states.


A collection of USPSTF recommendation statements published in AFP is available at http://www. aafp.org/afp/uspstf. Summary of Recommendation and Evidence The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in young children for whom no concerns of ASD have been raised by their parents or a clinician (Table 1). I statement. See the Clinical Considerations for suggestions for practice regarding the I statement.


Calcium phosphate, as the main insoluble component of milk and dairy products, has been always of interest in dairy research. When milk is concentrated by evaporation or reverse osmosis, the calcium phosphate and lactose become supersaturated. The main objective of this work was to be able to experimentally ascertain the effect of lactose on calcium phosphate precipitation, especially at higher concentrations. The experiments were carried out at 23 degreesC with various concentrations of calcium and phosphate solutions without and with 9.5% w/w lactose. pH was a key factor to determine the amount of calcium phosphate precipitation. Zetasizer analysis showed that lactose strongly influenced the calcium phosphate solution by forming nanoparticles with a size of about 1 nm. The role of lactose in enabling the formation of nanoparticles was previously unknown but is likely to be an important property of milk.


The use of nitrogen-fixing diazotrophs bacteria in grasses is a recent alternative that which allows reducing the use of agricultural inputs. In this aspect the  Azospirillum brasilense  has emerged as a viable alternative in reducing nitrogen application in field crops. The objective of this review was to gather information regarding the agronomic performance in the use of  A. brasilense  in wheat crops. Besides the obvious reduction in the need for nitrogen fertilization, is noteworthy that the inoculation allows obtaining agronomic results similar to those obtained with fertilizers, that is, presents efficiency in several important agronomic attributes. Generally it is observed increase in productivity as the crop is inoculated. The best results were obtained with the use of diazotrophic bacteria associated to nitrogen fertilizer, underscoring the fact that the bacterium does not completely replace the fertilization. The increase in productivity is attributed to the improved translocation of biomass to grains and in the increased photosynthetic activity, justified by the increase in green tissues and its root system, occasioned by the plant symbiosis.


This paper focuses mainly on the introverted and extroverted temperaments and how that affects an adolescent's learning in school and their interaction in the world. There are many cultural misconceptions of introversion which are unknowingly perpetuated by school personnel, who are often extroverts. This argument also includes the fact that America praises the extrovert while diminishing the introvert, thusly preventing the introverted students from full academic achievement as well as restricting connection to their community. There is evidence in American history that the extroverted ideal was developed over time and originated from Dr. Carl Jung's research on personality and the theory of introversion and extroversion. Research from modern scientists of psychology, temperaments, and personality are utilized including: Dr. Elaine Aron, Dr. Marti Olsen Laney, and Dr. Laurie Helgoe as well as contemporary authors Jonathan Rauch, Aneli Rufus, Susan Cain, and Sophia Dembling.


The recently released AASHTO Design Guide incorporates a number of models that address the different distresses that occur in asphalt pavements. The model used for low temperature cracking (called the Thermal Cracking or TC model) is based on a modified Paris law approach that is more appropriate for thermal fatigue type of cracking. Based on an empirical statistical analysis the model uses the crack propagation evolution to predict the number of cracks and the crack spacing that can develop during the life of a given pavement. A simple model was recently developed at the University of Minnesota based on the asphalt mixture tensile strength and the balance between the temperature shrinkage and the friction at the interface between the asphalt layer and the aggregate base. The model requires both asphalt mixture properties and aggregate properties and, similar to the TC model, predicts the crack spacing for a given pavement configuration. Unlike the TC model, it does not consider any crack evolution and cracks form instantaneously when the thermal stress in the asphalt layer exceeds the asphalt mixture strength. In this paper the two models are tested against field data from Mn/ROAD cells for which crack spacing information was available and recommendations for an improved crack spacing prediction model are made.


An increasing interest in milk and dairy products from small ruminants reared on farms, mostly in the organic farming system, is observed the last time in the Czech Republic. The quality of these products is related to the medical condition of the animal, which is reflected as the somatic cells count in milk. It is generally known that physical and chemical properties of cows' milk are changed with the somatic cell count in milk. The amount of sodium and potassium is interesting from the perspective of human nutrition, especially for people suffering from high blood pressure, or those undergoing dialysis. While the high sodium intake increases blood pressure, potassium has a positive effect on its decline. In addition, the nutritional importance of chloride content in milk has a diagnostic meaning, because it can be a signal the mastitis disease of the mammary gland. Samples of small ruminant milk of different breeds (Saanen and White Short-haired goat, East Friesian and Lacaune ewe) were sorted into three categories according to the somatic cell count in milk. The somatic cell count was determined by De Laval Cell Counter. Chlorides were analyzed by titration; sodium and potassium by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. For statistical evaluation, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Statistically significant differences were found in the amount of monitored elements in the milk of different breeds of small ruminants. The content of chlorides in milk always increases with the somatic cell count. Despite small discrepancies, the same trend was observed in sodium content in milk, except for Lacaune sheep breed. On the contrary, the potassium content in milk decreases with the somatic cell count. Therefore, the ratio of sodium to potassium was increased which is negative from the point of view human nutrition. The opposite trend was observed for the milk of Lacaune sheep. The influence of somatic cell count on the composition of small ruminant milk was confirmed. Increasing somatic cell count leads to the higher amount of chlorides in milk and influencing the proportion of sodium to potassium as well.


Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of gravid and puerperal women with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods:38 gravid and puerperal women of pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed retrospective during January 1999 to August 2005 in our hospital.Results:The common onset of pulmonary tuberculosis was the first and the second trimester pregnancy,and postpartum,the prevalence was 28.9% and 52.6%,respectively.The systemic toxic symptoms were significant.The positive phlegm germ culture was 55.3%.There were 23.7% cases complicating extrapulmonary tuberculosis.The acute and subacute hematogenous dissemination accounted for 42.1%,and the rate of misdiagnosis was high to 89.5%.Conclusions:It's advised the cancellation of pregnancy in women with the first and the second trimester pregnancy because of pulmonary tuberculosis.If diagnosed in late pregnancy,close investigation is necessary and anti-tuberculosis treatment in timely is needed after labor without breast feeding.We should pay attention to tuberculosis,increase early diagnosis and reduce the rate of misdiagnosis.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection(NI)and its dynamic changes,as well as the epidemiological distributions in our hospital.METHODS From Jan to Dec 2008,hospital-wide prevalence survey was carried out monthly in late.Statistical analysis of epidemiology was made to those 12 survey results.RESULTS The average prevalence rate of NI and case prevalence rate,which were significantly higher than those of retrospective survey(P0.01),were 3.89%(95% Confidence Interval=3.48%-4.30%)and 4.19%(95% Confidence Interval=3.76%-4.62%),respectively.The prevalence rates were continuously in the range of 95% Confidence Interval from May to September,and varied from different seasons.The top five sites of NI were respiratory system,urinary system,oral cavity,blood and surgical incision.The top five departments in sequence were ICU,medical department,surgical department,department of oncology,and pediatrics department.The susceptibility factors of NI for inpatients were male,age ≥60 years,invasive procedures and basic diseases(P0.01).CONCLUSIONS The prevalence survey of NI rate is an easy,rapid and efficient method compared to the traditional monitoring of NI,and can offer the evidence of quality control and target surveillance of NI.It is suitable to perform a prevalence survey in May to September.


Video is playing a more and more important role in future Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) communication. It is a feasible medium for information sharing and entertainment (infotainment) with its high capacity, consistency and influence on human beings. This paper introduces the SVC coding scheme to VANET video streaming. We propose an Optimal Scheduling Algorithm (OSA) for video streaming in highway VANET scenarios using scalable video coding (SVC). We conduct extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of OSA. Simulation results show that OSA outperforms all the competing schemes over variant density and velocity highway VANET.


Leiomyomas are the most common benign gynaecological tumour and contribute to 40-60% of hysterectomies performed all over the world. Despite proven benefits of GnRH analogues in reducing the size of myoma, it is used mostly as a temporary preoperative drug, as it has not shown to be associated with complete mass regression. We present a case of an abnormal uterine bleeding in a perimenopausal woman with history of multiple caesarean sections and incisional hernia repair. The patient was diagnosed with leiomyoma and was severely symptomatic due to anaemia. She responded to GnRH analogues and the mass regressed completely after 6 months. A favourable outcome in this patient establishes the role of medical treatment in symptomatic uterine fibroids in perimenopausal woman with previous abdominal surgeries where the risks of surgical intervention may be higher.


The mean charge of the alpha particles from U/sup 235/ was measured using the Wytzes method. The ionization chamber used was described. The distribution of the residual charge in the ionization chamber was first determined. The relation between the residual charge and the oscillographic results are analyzed. The transposition of the residual charge distribution into a distribution of oscillographic results was made. The calculations are then applied to the case of U/sup 235/ (J.S.R.)


Atherosclerosis can be considered as a chronic inflammation resulting from interactions between modified lipoproteins,monocyte-derived macrophage,lymphocytes,and endothelial cells.The progression of atherosclerosis involves lipid infiltration,inflammatory reactions,oxidative reactions,thrombosis,vascular remodeling,that can lead to acute clinical events such as myocardial infarction and stroke if rupture of plaque and thrombosis occurs.Nitric oxide(NO) is a molecule that has gained recognition as a crucial modulator of vascular disease.NO produced by activation of endothelial NO synthase has a number of antiatherosclerotic effects that lead to vasorelaxation,endothelial regeneration,inhibition of leukocyte chemotaxis,and platelet adhesion,prevention of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration,and blocking thrombosis,thus preventing the occurence and progression of atherosclerosis.


Indian Textile exporters either woven or knitted or both have gained much importance in the global market. The difficulties faced are mainly attributed to higher power and labor costs apart from the government policies. On the contrary manufacturers and exporters are in constant search for new products and procedures to competitively compete in the global market. Wash-down effects on garments find keen importance to bring out the change in fashion. Denim is a kind of garment which suits for this washing off treatments and this paved the way to work with various procedures and processes. These kind of industrial practices will definitely satisfy the customer's needs in all the ways. The main objective of this work is • To collect some of the Industrial procedures to bring out the wash-down effects and soft feel on Denim fabrics. • To analyze the nature of each process, economical status and process efficiency. • To influence the physical properties such as softness, drape, creasing... • To create abrasion and related effects on the garments. • To create trend in fashion with consistent quality & brand image with a range of finishes.


The noise estimator is a very important component of the speech enhancement systems, especially if the algorithm should be capable of handling non-stationary noise. Based on the optimally smoothed power spectral density estimate and the analysis of the statistics of spectral minima an unbiased noise estimator is developed. But the noise jump is tracked with a large delay. So reverse estimator is developed for improving the accuracy of noise estimator. Reverse estimator is used in speech enhancement system with traditional Spectral Subtraction. In practice, estimated noise is the maximum of both noise estimators. The method can improve the intelligibility of speech. So it is a practical method.


A 66 year old man with no previous oesophageal symptoms developed acute dysphagia and vomiting shortly after a large meal. About 16 hours later a large piece of meat was removed from the oesophagus at the 30 cm level under general anaesthesia through a rigid oesophagoscope. The surgeon who performed the endoscopy explored the distal oesophagus for strictures and noticed that the oesophagoscope would not pass beyond 40cm. A few hours later the patient developed moderately intense chest pain and surgical emphysema of the lower neck. He was given penicillin and gentamicin intravenously and transferred to the Regional Cardiothoracic Centre for further management. The patient had a heart rate of 105 beats/min and a


This essay will discuss the different kinds of scales that are frequently used, and what can and cannot be done with them. We will also explore what absolute numbers are and how to work with them to deal with quantitative and qualitative data. From my point of view, this is the starting point for everything else in the AHP/ANP; this knowledge is crucial to understanding why and how AHP was built. Indeed, it gives the key for knowing how to deal with the data that we have to face in real-life problems.https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i3.522


Fackerell–Crossman's solutions to a generalized spheroidal wave equation are extended for the case in which there is no free parameter in that equation. The results, together with Leaver's expansions in series of Coulomb wave functions, are used to find the time dependence of massive scalar test fields in nonflat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker models of universes with dust.


Tulpule, a leading mycologist, has just been appointed head of the National Institute of Nutrition in Hyderabad. The President of the Forestry Research Institute in Dehra Dun is drawing up a series of reafforestation projects for the hills and plains. If the Indians are allowed to get on with their own development they are much more likely to succeed than if they are asked to base their planning on books of this type. —A. Ramsay Tainsh.


Pre‐eclampsia (PE) carries an increased risk for maternal and/or fetal mortality or serious morbidity. PE is associated with ischemia and increased oxidative stress in the placenta, which may lead to modification of plasma albumin to ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA). The aim of this study was to investigate IMA and hematological parameters in mothers and in premature infants in normal and in pre‐eclamptic pregnancies.


There is a long way to go before the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) outbreak comes under control. qRT‐PCR is currently used for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the causative agent of Covid‐19, but it is expensive, time‐consuming, and not as sensitive as it should be. Finding a rapid, easy‐to‐use, and cheap diagnostic method is necessary to help control the current outbreak. Microfluidic systems provide a platform for many diagnostic tests, including RT‐PCR, RT‐LAMP, nested‐PCR, nucleic acid hybridization, ELISA, fluorescence‐Based Assays, rolling circle amplification, aptamers, sample preparation multiplexer (SPM), Porous Silicon Nanowire Forest, silica sol‐gel coating/bonding, and CRISPR. They promise faster, cheaper, and easy‐to‐use methods with higher sensitivity, so microfluidic devices have a high potential to be an alternative method for the detection of viral RNA. These devices have previously been used to detect RNA viruses such as H1N1, Zika, HAV, HIV, and norovirus, with acceptable results. This paper provides an overview of microfluidic systems as diagnostic methods for RNA viruses with a focus on SARS‐CoV‐2.


Plant-parasitic nematodes have the greatest impact on crop productivity when they attack the roots of seedlings immediately after seed germination. Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne sp., are common pathogens that parasitize vegetables and other crops and cause significant yield reductions Worldwide. They disrupt the physiology of the plant and may reduce crop yield and product quality. Therefore, the need to develop alternative methods to control the plant parasitic nematode that are cheap, environmentally friendly and not harmful to humans. The use of botanicals is one of the alternative methods suggested by nematologists for nematode control. Hence, the present investigation has been carried out by the growth characteristics, such as, root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root, fresh and dry weight of shoot, leaf area, water content of the root and shoot and root gall index of Macrotyloma uniflorum infected with M.incognita and treated with fruit extract of Aegle marmelos were studied after 65 days of treatment. These growth characteristics, such as, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, leaf area, root gall index were found to be decreased with increasing inoculum levels of egg masses and increased with increasing concentrations of leaf extract treatment.


Contributors Preface 1. The effect of Scandinavian raiders on the English and Irish churches: a preliminary reassessment Alfred P. Smyth 2. The changing economy of the Irish sea province Benjamin T. Hudson 3. Cults of Irish, Scottish and Welsh saints in twelfth-century England Robert Bartlett 4. Sea-divided Gaels? constructing relationships between Irish and Scots c.800-1169 M...ire Herbert 5. The 1169 as a turning-point in Irish-Welsh relations Se...n Duffy 6. Killing and mutilating political enemies in the British Isles from the late twelfth to the early fourteenth century: a comparative study John Gillingham 7. Anglo-French acculturation and the Irish element in Scottish identity Dauvit Broun 8. John de Courcy, the first Ulster plantation and Irish church men Marie Therese Flanagan 9. Coming in from the margins: the descendants of Somerled and cultural accommodation in the Hebrides 1164-1317 R. Andrew McDonald 10. Nobility and identity in medieval Britain and Ireland: the de Vescy family, c.1120-1314 Keith J. Stringer Bibliography Index.


The present invention discloses a multi-heat source hot water system, the hot water system comprises a hot water production system (100), the air conditioning system (200) and the heating system (300), one end connected to the hot water production system (100) and Water the other end is connected to hot water supply pipes, respectively connected with the hot water production system (100) air-conditioning system heat source for hot water production system (100) (200) and the heating system (300). Multi-source hot water system of the present invention is a by recovering waste heat from air conditioning, air-source heat pump technology and the use of central heating systems, economical, efficient, safe and reliable domestic hot water supply and heating system of complex transitional season.


Aiming at channel errors and motion errors appearing in the tri-channel SAR-GMTI,a method of detection and positioning for the moving ground targets is presented based on the error calibration.The receiving antenna(channel) errors and the radar platform motion errors are analyzed in detail and the corresponding compensation approaches are also proposed.The ground clutter can be suppressed validly and the true azimuth positions and radial velocities of the moving ground targets can be estimated correctly using displaced phase center antenna(DPCA) and interferometric processing techniques.The results obtained from field test show the efficiency of the proposed error calibration method.


ABSTRACT
The development of language and communication is one of the fundamental objectives
of school education at all levels, so new and alternative ones that can help the teachinglearning

process of it must be sought. Hence, this research aims to implement a didactic
strategy for teaching-learning in language and communication through online student
radio, in 8th grade students of basic education. To achieve this objective, a research with a
mixed approach was carried out in which the unit of analysis was the 60 students and the
three professors of said teaching. To assess the feasibility of using the radio, a
questionnaire was made to students and teachers. The proposal allowed the design and
implementation of innovative activities based on the use of radio as a pedagogical
resource.
Keywords: student radio, teaching-learning,
ICT, teaching strategy


The social design of micro-learning space provide a new possibility for solving problems in the micro-teaching.The following factors should be considered in the social design—social condition,social learning and social service.It tries to construct a kind of genius loci and form sense of Social presence in terms of identifiability,accessiability and vitality.Thus students can strengthen their positive experience,improve their real participation in the micro-teaching.


In this paper, we suggest a different methodology to shorten the code optimization development time while getting a unified code with good performance on different targeted devices. In the scope of this study, experiments are illustrated on a Discontinuous Galerkin code applied to Computational Fluid Dynamics. Tests are performed on CPUs, KNL Xeon-Phi and GPUs where performance comparison confirms that the GPU optimization guideline leads to efficient versions on CPU and Xeon-Phi for this kind of scientific applications. Based on these results, we finally suggest a methodology to end-up with an efficient hybridized CPU–GPU implementation.


The invention discloses a method for glass cutting, curved surface forming or grating manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps: A, cleaning the surface of glass; B, drying the cleaned glass; C, coating or sticking a high temperature resistant protective film on the glass on the surface not to be processed; D, heating the glass through a high-temperature oven to 600 to 700 DEG C; E, stamping the glass through a profiling or cutting die of a stamping device; F, cooling the glass through a cooling device; and G, removing the high temperature resistant protective film by adopting a film remover and cleaning the glass. The high temperature resistant protective film is coated or stuck on the main body of the glass on the surface not to be processed, the glass is heated at a high temperature to be melted, and then the glass is stamped through the glass profiling or cutting die to achieve the required style and shape. Therefore, the method has the advantages that the manufacturing cost is low, the accuracy of the processed glass is high, the main body of the glass is not damaged, and the production yield is improved.


Individual frames on a photographic film strip in a projector are automatically positioned by a simple circuit. The circuit uses a photodiode that senses frame registry position and a relay that stops the film-advance motor to suspend the film at point of registry.


4 1. Executive summary 5 1.1 Objectives of the project 5 1.2 Organisation of the project 5 1.3 Research output of the project 5 1.4 Concise summary of scientific contributions 6 1.5 Summary of key policy findings 7 2. Background and objectives of the project 12 2.1 Objectives 12 2.2 Organisation of the project 17 2.3 Overall output of the project 17 3. Description of the project results 18 3.1 Tax/benefit systems and employment in the EU (WP 1) 18 3.1.1 Summary of WP 1 18 3.1.2 Summaries of the deliverables 20 3.2 The tax/benefit systems in the EU under tax competition (WP 2) 32 3.2.1 Summary of WP 2 32 3.2.2 Summaries of the deliverables 33 3.3 Tax/benefit systems and potential growth (productivity) of the EU (WP 3) 40 3.3.1 Summary of WP 3 40 3.3.2 Summaries of the deliverables 44 3.4 Macroeconomics of the EU tax systems under EMU (WP 4) 54 3.4.1 Summary of WP 4 54 3.4.2 Summaries of the deliverables 56 3.5 Abating global warming, emissions trade and the need for European coordination (WP 5) 66 3.5.1 Summary of WP 5 66 3.5.2 Summaries of the deliverables 68 4. Conclusions and policy implications 83 5. Dissemination of the results 88 6. Acknowledgements and references 91 Annex 1. Output of the project 93 Annex 2. Status of the agreed deliverables 95


The global positioning system (GPS) provides accurate positioning and timing information that is useful in various civil and military applications. The adaptive filtering predictor for GPS jamming suppression applications is proposed. This research uses the gLab-G software to substitute for the hardware receiver to record the GPS signal waveform. The normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) and set-membership NLMS (SM-NLMS) filtering methods are employed for continuous wave interference suppression. Simulation results reveal that our proposed methods can provide the better performances when the interference-to-noise ratios (INR) are varied from 20 to 50 dB. The anti-jamming performances are evaluated via extensive simulation by computing mean squared prediction error (MSPE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvements.


Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) is a complex mixture of substances characterized by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) surrounding an elemental carbon core. Diesel engines have a wide range of industrial applications including on-road equipment (most heavy and medium duty trucks and buses use diesel engines) and off-road applications in the mining, rail, construction, distribution, and farming industries and in the military, including the use of diesel-powered heavy equipment, locomotives, forklift trucks, ships, tractors, and generators. In a recent review of the literature , the highest levels of elemental carbon were reported for enclosed underground work sites in mining and construction with intermediate levels for above-ground semi-enclosed work areas for workshop mechanics, dock workers, and fire station workers, and the lowest levels being reported for enclosed areas separated from the source such as drivers, train crew, parking attendants, vehicle testers, and utility service workers ( 1 ). A large body of epidemiological work has shown consistent associations between particulate matter in ambient air and several health outcomes including chronic bronchitis, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and respiratory infections and exacerbation of asthma. The effect of DEE from traffi c on people with preexisting disease has also been shown, for example, in the reduction of lung function resulting from a 2- hour walk by people with mild or moderate asthma down London's busiest shopping street (Oxford Street), where only diesel- powered buses and taxis are permitted access, compared with a similar walk round Hyde Park ( 2 ). The possibility that DEE might cause cancer in humans has been raised since 1955 when it was demonstrated that the particulate fraction of DEE contained PAHs such as benzo(a)pyrene known by then to cause tumors in experimental animals ( 3 ). The gas phase includes carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, but it is the particulate phase of the exhaust that appears to be implicated as a lung carcinogen. An effect of DEE on bladder cancer is also plausible because metabolites of PAH present in DEE are concentrated in the urine and may interact with the urothelium of the bladder ( 4 ). In this issue of the Journal, two related articles ( 5 , 6 ) report results from studies of DEE in miners based on quantitative estimates of respirable elemental carbon (REC) and focusing on lung cancer. In the cohort study ( 5 ) , inclusion of co-exposures such as silica did not change the fi ndings substantially. In the case – control study ( 6 ) , adjustment was carried out for several potential confounders including smoking. A dose – response relationship was found with increasing exposure to REC in both the cohort and case – control studies but is particularly clear in the latter, where an interaction between smoking and DEE was also found. These studies in miners make an important contribution to the body of evidence about DEE and are timely given the forthcoming International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) monograph meeting this year at which the current IARC categorization of DEE as a group 2A (probable human) carcinogen ( 7 ) will be reconsidered. The issue of causality is fundamental when estimating and ranking burden of disease attributable to various exposures. A recent study estimating the burden of occupational cancer in Great Britain chose to include all IARC group 1 (defi nite) and 2A carcinogens ( 8 ). DEE emerged as one of the most important problems. For bladder cancer related to exposure to DEE, the estimated total attributable fraction for bladder cancer was 1.00% (95% confi dence interval [ CI ] = 0.17 to 2.03), with an estimated 47 (95% CI = 8 to 94) deaths in 2005 and 106 (95% CI = 18 to 214) cancer registrations in 2004; for lung cancer, the attributable fraction was 1.84% (95% CI = 0.00% to 3.37%), with 605 (95% CI = 272 to 1107) deaths and 695 (95% CI = 313 to 1269) cancer registrations. DEE was the sixth most important occupational carcinogen, contributing 8.1% of the deaths and 5.9% of the cancer registrations. The majority occurred in land transport as expected but also in the construction industry where nearly 500 000 workers were estimated to have been exposed to DEE over the 40-year risk exposure period before the year of estimation. As the authors point out in the mining studies published in this issue, the levels of exposure they have found are high compared with other studies. The median elemental carbon values in the Oxford Street study were 7.5 μ g/m 3 (range 3.9 – 16) compared with


Significance
 Both are desperately needed, as G20 debt service relief will soon expire, and as the conflict in northern Ethiopia increasingly strains the economy and the government's finances.

 Impacts
 A new IMF programme should provide some relief to chronically low foreign exchange reserves.
 Inflation will continue to rise in the short term but should stabilise somewhat in 2022.
 The birr will continue to depreciate gradually in line with IMF recommendations.


HE five children discussed in this study are a boy and four girls from the same family who lived part of their lives in China, where the four girls were born, and part in the United States, the country of their parents. During their residence in China, they were exposed to two languages in their own home; English from their parents and Chinese from the servants. Their contacts with other children outside their home were mainly with other bilingual children of American or Canadian parentage, although there was a little contact with non-English speaking Chinese children. These bilingual children ordinarily used English as their medium of conversation. The formal education of the three older children who lived long enough in China for their schooling to be begun there was almost entirely in English. It is probably near the truth to estimate that their exposure to English and Chinese while in China was approximately equal until after three years of age when with increasing contact with other English-speaking children and the beginning of their formal education a few years later, English became more and more their preferred language. During their residence in the United States, however, practically no use was made of Chinese by either the children or their parents except for a few handy phrases. One child, Ruth, was really monolingual until almost three years old as she spent the period from fourteen to thirty-four months in America. She thus serves to some extent as a control for the three children who were bilingual at that age. The mother's records of the vocabularies of the four older children at twenty-one and twenty-four months as given in the table show that Ruth, the monoglot, used over twenty per cent more words at each age than did her brother, although, his mental ability as measured on the StanfordBinet test at a later age was greater than hers. Ruth's vocabulary, also was twice as large at twenty-one months and fifty per cent larger at two years than that of her older sister whose I.Q. is the same at a time when the two girls were equally bilingual. Lois, whose I.Q. exceeds Ruth's by ten points at nine years, however, equals her sister in size of vocabulary at two years. The distribution of these vocabularies between English and Chinese words are given in the table. Jane, John and Lois were all exposed to the two languages during their second year. John, although born in


Two analytical methods for the determination of shell lipids contents in cocoa fat as Blue Value (BV) were compared. It has been determined that for the same analysed sample the BV varies depending on the analytical methods used. To compare both the methods, the shell lipids and the pure cocoa fat (without shell lipids) were isolated and mathematical correlations of BV as a function of shell lipids content have been derived. Statistical evaluation of the results was presented too.


Mechanics of composite materials and, in particular mechanics of layered structures, is relatively new trend in solid mechanics, although the idea of the design of such materials is prompted by nature. An important feature of composite materials is their high specific strength, while the strength of composite materials is higher than the strength of each separate component [1]. It should be borne in mind that, along with many technically important advantages, composite materials have a number of significant drawbacks related to the fact that usually the physical and mechanical properties of separate components are poorly agreed with each other, and this sometimes leads to specific types of fracture (delamination, local cracks, breach of adhesion, etc.) [2]. Therefore, accurate calculation of the stressstrain state of layered media with accurate account for a contact interaction between the separate layers is an important problem in modern engineering studies [3]. It should be noted that the mathematical modeling of transient processes in composite materials and, in particular, layered composites is challenging one, since it requires an accurate description of the mechanical interaction between each layer [4, 5]. Among the classical analytic approaches for the solution of dynamic problems of elasticity, the method of integral transforms [6, 7] is widely used in the solution of many practically important problems [4, 5, 8, 9]. However, the problem becomes more complicated, when it is necessary to consider two-dimensional model and apply the Laplace integral transform for a time variable and other integral transform for a spatial variable. In this case, the exact inversion of the dual integral transform usually fails, and the use of numerical inversion methods [10] can lead to significant errors in the final result, especially at the points close to the contact surfaces. Therefore, the present work is focused on the solution of the abovementioned problems and on the development of the approach for the solution of twodimensional transient dynamic problems for a layered medium under a time-dependent loading.


Nowadays The research of electrophysiology signal has attracted much attention in clinical discipline. Original experiment record of electrophysiology is significant for further research, especially for the study of Channelopathy. It is difficult to repeat this experiment because of the special cases or the restrictions of the experimental equipment and the cost of experiment. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the curve graphics to numerical value as a method of processing the original data in the medical signal area. The article based on MATLAB software, take the signal of cardiac electrophysiology and Channelopathy for example, Based on characteristic analysis of cardiac electrophysiology and Channelopathy images, the images were subjected to numerical value, including signal extraction, noise extraction, and error correction. This algorithm was used for various types of heart electrophysiology image to prove its feasibility. Finally, the image of numerical value was compared with the original to check its accuracy. Through compare the original data of the image with the post-treatment data treated by the converted program, showing the conversion results are basically accurate. Using this algorithm, electrophysiology image can be converted to numerical value accurately and stored for further research, which is an important preparation especially for the study of heart diseases


Editorial Update: Several illustrations in this book depict that respective nonphosphorylated STAT species in the cytoplasm are largely in the form of free monomers. This may be misleading in that several investigators at a recent Keystone Symposium ("Jaks and Stats: Development to Disease", April 15-20, 2004, Whistler, B.C., Canada) pointed out that the cytoplasmic pool of various non-phosphorylated STAT species appear to be largely in the form of STAT dimers, and include higherorder oligomers.


This study examined the power of school-aged children's creative thinking and temperament to predict children's coping abilities as observed in the school setting. The study also examined children's typical responses to major and minor stressful life events. A total of 60 children between 9 and 12 years of age completed the verbal and figural portions of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Form A) and the Stress Impact Scale. An observational rating scale of coping behavior was also completed for each child by trained observers after extensive observations of children in the school environment over a period of several months. The Stress Response Scale and Middle Childhood Temperament Questionnaire were completed by mothers of the children. Results showed that age and four Torrance figural indicators of creative thinking (fluency, originality, elaboration, and resistance to premature closure) were associated with children's co: -.1g abilities. Resistance to premature closure was most strongly predictive of coping abilities. While the findings indicated a general lack of relationship between creative thinking and various characteristics of temperament, children's activity level was strongly associated with their level of creative thinking and use of effective coping skills. Dimensions of temperament most predictive of less difficult responses to stress and n lower perceived stress impact were rhythmicity (predictability) of behavior, positive mood, and adaptability to change. (Author/MM) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION Office ot Educational RIMPSICh and Improvement EDUCAPONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) )fg This document has been reproduced as received from the crimson or organization onginating It 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction Quality Pants of view or opinions slated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy CREATIVE THINKING AND TEMPERAMENT AS PREDICTORS OF SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN'S COPING ABILITIES AND RESPONSES TO STRESS David K. Carson, Ph.D., and Mark T. Bittner, M.S. Child and Family Studies Program Department of Home Economics University of Wyoming Laramie, Wyoming 82071 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTEE BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Presented at the 60th Anniversary Meeting of the Society for /1164 Research in Child Development, New Orleans, March 25-28, 1993.


Reader's History Meets Textual Geography: Towards a Syncretistic Theory of Reading Arundhati Banerjee In the last few decades of the twentieth century, literary theory has undergone a marvelous revolution. It has generated a dis- course of contextualization, thus opening up boundaries between disciplines, yoking together questions of history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and opening up new disciplines as cul- and cultural studies. In the process, mainstream a shift from questions of aesthetics and textual monumentality to questions of how, why and wherefore one interrogates a text, and the results such queries bring forth. Most of these schools have taken as their driving principle the question of the reading subject's identity in order to interrogate a text. While this shift is one that has added complexity, imagination and rigor to the ways theorists suggest that we interpret texts, it has also tural criticism theory has made created a sharp divide with the more conservative schools that claim that the text in this discourse becomes merely a pretext for an interrogation that spans extra-literary literary ones. domains more often than Moreover, there is a growing feeling that post- modem criticism has exhausted its fundamental theoretical para- digms and is now doing nothing much more than testing more texts against these already established frameworks. The purpose of this paper is to discuss one way out of this impasse; a possibility of formulating a discourse where one can provide for what identity-based criticism has failed to do: provide a space where one could bring the focus back onto textual architec- ture in order to reconstruct a paradigm of reading where the essential question would still remain why and how a reader way she does. However this paradigm would ask if there is anything in the text that makes a reader read the way she does, while acknowledging the identity-determined expecta- interprets a text the tions of the reader. Posing the above question would generate a reading model where one would provide a language for the process by which a text and a reader collude with each other in order to produce the meaning of the text. Put more simply, this that is symbiotic,


The high demand for professional training reflects the need for knowledge and recurrent learning in organisations today. Universities play an important role in society as a long-term provider of education and professional training. How can institutions of higher education contribute to the increasing need for knowledge and learning in society through supporting sustainable lifelong learning at work?
The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge regarding the conditions of work-related lifelong learning to the field of work-life pedagogy. The results of the study should provide universities with knowledge, useful when designing sustainable educational outreach concepts - meeting real conditions and needs of professionals.
The empirical data was collected using workplace go-alongs and unstructured interviews with six project managers and six representatives from HR-divisions in discretionary workplaces. In total eleven large-scale companies are represented.
The data were analysed using first and second cycle coding methods by Saldana (2016).
The main findings showed that lifelong learning is an individual and situational social practice continuously reconstituted. Lifelong learning is used by project managers to establish agency and control over discretionary work demands. Management's mental models and company culture are critical to organisational learning. Lifelong learning aligned with company's rationale renders resources and acceptance for learning during work hours. Learning not integrated into the company's rationale are excluded and consequently disrupt work-life balance of professionals.
The conclusion is that lifelong learning needs to be recognised in policies and learning strategies as integrative part of discretionary work. Companies need to identify and critically examine influential mental models regarding lifelong learning. Higher education can support lifelong learning through by enforcing critical thinking and academic Employees' conditions for lifelong learning vary and are individual and situational.


BACKGROUND
Laser-activated fluoride (LAF) therapy with 488 nm laser energy has been shown previously to increase the resistance of human enamel and dentine to acid dissolution in laboratory models of dental caries. The aims of this study were to examine whether LAF therapy, conducted using a range of wavelengths in the visible and near infrared regions, can protect human dental enamel from an artificial cariogenic challenge.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted sound, molar and premolar teeth were used to prepare matched pairs of enamel slabs (N=10 per group). After application of neutral sodium fluoride gel (12300 ppm F ion), slab surfaces were lased (energy density 15 J/cm2; spot size 5mm, wavelength 532, 633, 670, 830 or 1064nm), then exposed to an artificial cariogenic challenge for a period of seven days. The Vicker's hardness number (VHN) was recorded before and after laser treatment and again following the cariogenic challenge. Negative controls did not receive laser exposure.

RESULTS
All wavelengths of laser light examined provided an effective LAF effect, compared with the unlased negative control surfaces.

CONCLUSION
Using this in vitro model, we conclude that the action spectrum of the LAF effect extends across the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum.


On the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Acoustical Society of America in June 1954, Dean Vern Knudsen of the University of California at Los Angeles observed that the maximal noise levels of daily living had increased about 1 dB per year over the previous 25 years. He wondered what the future would bring1. Although he was referring to high-decibel noises like those encountered in transportation, construction, and military activities, a similar situation prevails in the modern hospital, where the previously serene milieu is gradually being debased by a sonic assault on the ears and psyche. The hospital . . .


The purpose of this study is to show the practical implication of enabling the decrease of child care teacher's job stress and the increase of their job satisfaction by testing the mediation effect of organizational commitment. Also, the study looks at an effect that produced job stress and job satisfaction and the relationship between both when child care teachers carry out work. To this end, we used a total of 279 copies of survey data for child care teachers who had worked in social welfare corporation child care centers located in Jeollabuk-do since August 1, 2013 until September 23, 2013. According to the results of the testing, it was shown that an effect was produced through organizational commitment with the mediation effect through multiple regression analysis by using SPSS 18.0 in order to accomplish the purpose of the study, with regard to child care teacher's job stress. On the basis of study results like this, we made practical suggestions about the development of organization commitment-related programs that could decrease child care teacher's job stress and could increase their job satisfaction.


This communication reports the synthesis and characterization of the cationic iron complex [((eta5-C5Me5)Fe(CO)2))2Ga]+[BAr(f)4]- [Ar(f) = C6H3(CF3)2-3,5] containing a symmetrically bridging two-coordinate gallium atom and a delocalised Fe-Ga-Fe pi system incorporating partial Fe-Ga multiple bond character.


1.1 INTRODUCTION T he study of social networks is a new but quickly widening multidisciplinary area involving social, mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences (see Burt, Minor, & Associates, 1983, for application in diverse social environments; in the latter sciences, see Wassermann & Faust, 1994, and especially for the field of economics, see Dutta & Jackson, 2003). It has its own parameters and methodological tools. In this book, we intend to show how graph-theoretic and statistical techniques can be used to study some important parameters of global social networks and illustrate their use in social science studies with some examples of real-life survey data. We hope our illustrations will provide ideas to researchers in various other fields as well. The term social network refers to the articulation of a social relationship, ascribed or achieved, among individuals, families, households, villages, communities , regions, and so on. Each of them can play dual roles, acting both as a unit or node of a social network as well as a social actor (cf. Laumann 1  ONE   " BDB-Ch-01 " — 2010/5/10 — 18:42 — page 2 — #2  2 MODELS FOR SOCIAL NETWORKS WITH STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS & Pappi, 1976). Kinship is a very common example of an ascribed relationship , while some common examples of an achieved relationship are those that are established in the course of regular interaction in the processes of daily life and living, cultural activities, and so on, such as one household requesting help, support, or advice from another; ties of friendship or choice of individuals to spend leisure time together; and preferences in marriage. Incidentally, a relationship can also be negative—for instance, hostility or conflict as opposed to friendship or alliance and alienation versus mutuality or integration. In this book, we will focus on positive relationships. Again, much of what we will discuss is based on sociological data, but it can also be used to study demographic and economic processes such as migration from one region to another, value of any type of economic (e.g., postal money order or trade) exchange between regions, volume of flow of goods between countries, flow of traffic between different places, and so on. Thus, the units of a " social network " can be different, no doubt, such as individuals, families, households, and rural or urban areas, according to the relationship under consideration. But there is a common feature—namely, …


We examined the morphological features of luster!ess tomato fruit occurring in southem Hokkaido, Japan and its discrimination method. A light was diffused on the epicarp of lusterless fruit in the dark. While sections of the epicarp surface of normal fruit were smooth when observed under a microscope (x 1 00), those of the luster!ess fruit were rough. Polygonal cells were observed on the surface ofthe normal fruit epicarp by the SUMP method (xlOO). Additionally, cracks were seen on the surface ofthe luster!ess fruit . We believe that the cracks form the rough epicarp, diffusing light when irradiatεd, and cause the loss of luster as w巴1as the rough texture. The water content of the luster!ess ITuit was less than that of normal fruit after harvest, and luster!ess fruit had an inferior shelf life.


Purpose This study examined a rapid isolation method decreasing the time and cost of the clinical application of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). Materials and Methods Aliquots (10 g) of the lipoaspirates were stored at 4℃ without supplying oxygen or nutrients. At the indicated time points, the yield of mononuclear cells was evaluated and the stem cell population was counted by colony forming unit-fibroblast assays. Cell surface markers, stem cell-related transcription factors, and differentiation potentials of ASCs were analyzed. Results When the lipoaspirates were stored at 4℃, the total yield of mononuclear cells decreased, but the stem cell population was enriched. These ASCs expressed CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and HLA-ABC but not CD14, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD117, CD133, and HLA-DR. The number of ASCs increased 1×1014 fold for 120 days. ASCs differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, muscle cells, or neuronal cells. Conclusion ASCs isolated from lipoaspirates and stored for 24 hours at 4℃ have similar properties to ASCs isolated from fresh lipoaspirates. Our results suggest that ASCs can be isolated with high frequency by optimal storage at 4℃ for 24 hours, and those ASCs are highly proliferative and multipotent, similar to ASCs isolated from fresh lipoaspirates. These ASCs can be useful for clinical application because they are time- and cost-efficient, and these cells maintain their stemness for a long time, like ASCs isolated from fresh lipoaspirates.


The present invention discloses a carburizing components that do not cause degradation of the strength caused by the introduction of excess carbon in the edge portions. Carburizing component of the present invention is a content%, C: 0.1-0.3%, Si: 0.5-3.0%, Mn: 0.3-3.0%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.03% or less, Cu: 0.01-1.00%, Ni: 0.01-3.00%, Cr: 0.3-1.0%, Al: made by containing 0.05% or less, and the balance of inevitable impurities and Fe, [Si%] + [Ni%] + [: 0.2% or less and N Cu%] - [Cr%]> forming a surface hardened steel having an alloy composition satisfying the condition of 0.5 part by shape, characterized in that obtained by carburization by vacuum carburizing. Carburizing components, alloy composition, surface hardened steel, impurity


To take sodium silicate and silicon dioxide as main raw materials and take sodium fluorosilicate as addition materials,the phase change cooling storage material was claded by the composite materials paste and a solid-liquid phase change material with fixed shape was prepared.After cladding with different raw and covered materials,component which has the better apparent characteristic was selected to make mechanical test and thermodynamics test.The test results indicate that the best components are made up of the main raw materials including sodium silicate of 10ml and silicon dioxide of 3g,the better cladding materials including sodium silicofluoride of 2g,magnesium oxide of 1g and hydrochloric acid of 1ml.The Vickers-hardness of the cladding phase change material is 573 kg/mm2 and the phase change enthalpy is 114.37 kJ/kg.


This research determined the influence a direct fed microbial (DFM) and/or enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast (EHY) product (Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Princeton, NJ) have on heat stress measures in beef steers administered ractopamine hydrochloride (RH; 300 mg/steer·d-1) the final 28-d on feed, during summer months in the Northern Plains (NP). At weaning, single-sourced steers (n = 256; initial BW = 246 ± 1.7 kg; n = 64 steers/treatment; 8 steers/pen) were blocked by location in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of DFM (Certillus CP B1801 dry; Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum; 28 g/steer·d-1) and EHY (Celmanax; 18 g/steer·d-1). The final diet provided 1.44 Mcal/kg of NEg and 30 g/907kg of monensin sodium. Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated from: 0.81 × ambient temperature + [relative humidity × (ambient temperature - 14.40)] + 46.40. On d 1 and 2 and d 21 and 22 on RH, respiration rate (RR) and panting scores (PS) were determined before and after AM and PM feedings (0700h, 1100h, 1400h, 1700h). RR (n = 3 steers/pen) was calculated from: 600/seconds required for 10 flank movements. PS was determined from: 0 (not distressed) to 4.5 (severely distressed). Two separate heat events occurred and average THI was greater than 75 for 10-d of the 28-d period. A DFM×EHY interaction was noted for the proportion of steers categorized as PS 2.0 at 1100h on d21 (P = 0.03) and RR on d21 at 1400h (P = 0.02). Control steers had a greater proportion of PS 2.0 at 1100h on d21 compared with DFM or EHY steers (P ≤ 0.05), while DFM×EHY steers did not differ from others (P ≥ 0.10). On d21 DFM×EHY steers had greater (P < 0.05) RR compared with DFM steers, control and EHY steers did not differ from others (P ≥ 0.10). DFM and EHY used alone or in combination had minimal effects on heat stress measures in steers fed RH in the NP under minimal heat stress conditions.


The Mediterranean diet is considered an example of sustainable diets and an intangible cultural heritage of the whole humanity. However, attention to the Mediterranean diet changes from a country to another even within the Euro- Mediterranean region. In this context, this paper analyses the state of research on the Mediterranean diet in the Western Balkans (viz. Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia). In particular, it explores whether and how environmental, economic, sociocultural, and nutrition-health aspects related to the sustainability of the Mediterranean diet are addressed. A search performed in June 2021 on the Web of Science returned 68 documents, and 41 of them were included in the systematic review. Most of the selected documents deal with Croatia, especially island regions, and focus on health-nutrition aspects while other sustainability dimensions are generally overlooked. The scholarly literature shows that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced risk of obesity, different noncommunicable diseases (e.g. diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, metabolic syndrome) as well as mental illnesses. However, it also highlights a decrease in the Mediterranean diet adherence even in Mediterranean/Adriatic territories. Interestingly, some recent studies showed a shift towards the Mediterranean diet during the COVID-19 lockdown even among adolescents. The analysis suggests the need to adopt a holistic approach in studies on the Mediterranean diet to better understand the relationships between the sustainability dimensions and operationalize its contribution to the transformation of food systems and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in the Mediterranean region.


Tahitian citations are taken from a corpus of natural authentic text, the rest of the language examples in the paper (49 out of 55, or 90 percent) are "generated by the author." This includes all but one of the critical examples that are used to present the case for mea functioning as a stative aspect marker, and so readers should be informed whether or not this is L1 data. The argument would also be more convincing if another possible analysis could be discounted, namely, that the sequences of [mea + lexeme] are not [STATIVE TENSE-ASPECT MARKER + predicate], but regular [head + modifier] topics in a verbless Topic NP – Comment NP equational clause. Example (63), the only one provided from natural text, is given a free translation that, in fact, supports this: "The language of Tahitian people is my thing of concern" (334). It is also noted that utterances beginning with mea as the proposed stative marker are more emphatic, and can be intensive or assertive, so that an example glossed originally as "Teva likes to eat turtle" is acknowledged as possibly expressing "Teva is really a big consumer of turtle." If a more extended translation is possible—such as "What a big turtle-eater Teva is!"—then it might be useful to recall Moyse-Faurie's paper discussing nominalizations as exclamatives, and this could reinforce the possibility that in the Tahitian examples in question, mea is not a stative marker at all, but retains its former function as a nominal proform. Despite its diverse coverage of topics, this is a nice collection of papers that takes a number of interesting issues in Oceanic language studies to a deeper level of analysis and insight.


The present invention relates to injection devices for injecting a pharmaceutical liquid drug containing a preservative. Injection device includes a housing (1) for supporting the cartridge (20) having an internal chamber (21) for holding a liquid medicament comprising a pharmaceutical preservatives to be injected, the front (11) and rear (12) a needle cannula (10) having a rear (12) is adapted for fluid communication with the internal chamber (21) of the cartridge (20), and a needle cannula (10). Injection device covers a telescopic needle with reservoir (31) distally to hold the liquid containing the same preservative as in liquid drugs, including pharmaceutical preservatives contained within the chamber of the cartridge further comprising a shield (30). Shield covering the telescopic needle (30), between a first position and a second position, is movable telescopically relative to the needle cannula (10) by the first elastic member. In the first position, the tip of the front (11) of the needle cannula (10) (13) is maintained inside the reservoir (31), and in the second position, the front portion of the needle cannula (10) (11) the tip (13) on the outside of the reservoir (31), and positioned distal to the reservoir (31). Tip of the needle cannula (10) (13), therefore, the subsequent to the period other than the injection takes place, is cleaned by the preservative in the reservoir (31). .The


Local culture and history is presented through an interactive virtual environment helps the user to understand the local culture and to connect with a user's imagination and memory. User can learn about the local culture through HumanComputer Interaction that could produce a deep immersive experience based on the user's subjective feelings. It makes a pluralism and continuous effectively transfer and for local culture. In this study, we reconstructed the local cultural characteristics of a region in a virtual environment. Questionnaire survey as a research method, the Partial Least Square (PLS) path coefficient is used to analysis questionnaire. The interactive immersive experience of 34 tourists' was analyzed after using the virtual environment system. The result showed that the achievement emotions and challenge emotions were very high and had a significant impact on immersive experience, inducing all users to experience excitement, anticipation, pleasure and satisfaction after using the virtual environment. This study would serve as an interactive guide to design a local cultural virtual environment system for future reference.


M ANY studies have attempted to determine the prognosis for social adjustment of delinquents and criminals. They have explored the relationship between the personality of an individual and his subsequent behaviour. Burgess in, the U.S.A., Schiedt in Germany and Yoshimasu in Japan have been the pioneers in this kind of study. The most systematic approaches were made by the Gluecks. The first author has also reported such a study, in which 200 delinquents aged 14 to 20 had been followed up and five predicting factors were finally obtained after statistical analysis.~9~ Such studies were not sufficiently refined to be of much value in suggesting treatment procedures, because they


Alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase, E. C. 1. 1. 1. 1.) from Thea sinensis seeds (variety: Zairai) was isolated and purified about 1, 500-fold using preparative disc electrophoresis. The specific activity was about 3.4units/mg protein against ethyl alcohol. Its s020. w value was 6.96S and its molecular weight was approximately 150, 000 using gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The physical, chemical and catalytic properties of the enzyme are described. The oxidoreduction products formed by the enzyme were identified by gas chromatography, and for the unsaturated compounds the conversion of double bond and geometrical isomerization was observed. The substrate specificity of tea enzyme is discussed in comparison with the enzymes from Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and horse and human livers. Paticularly a tendency for reactivity in the oxidoreduction of unsaturated alcohols and aldehydes were discribed by comparing the effects of geometry, the position of the double bond and the length of chain in substrates.


Genetic improvement of pig performance was summarised for 28 Australian pig populations at the previous AGBU pig genetics workshop (Hermesch, 2006). The average genetic trend was $1.06 per pig each year. In comparison, the top 25% of populations had achieved $1.92 per pig each year. During subsequent discussions at the workshop, breeders set a target of an annual genetic gain of $3 per pig. In order to achieve this ambitious target, breeders have to increase genetic gains in the traits of the breeding objective ($Index). This paper outlines factors that affect the economic importance of performance traits and highlights strategies for improved genetic gain in economically important traits.


An obvious warming trend in winter over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the recent decades has been widely discussed, with studies emphasizing the dominant effects of local radiative factors, including those due to black carbon (BC). The Himalayas are one of the largest snowpack- and ice-covered regions in the TP, and an ideal area to investigate local radiative effects on climate change. In this study, the coupled climate feedback response analysis method (CFRAM) is applied to quantify the magnitude of warming over the Himalayas induced by different external forcing factors and climate feedback processes. The results show that snow/ice albedo feedback (SAF) resulted in a warming of approximately 2.6°C and was the primary contributor to enhanced warming over the Himalayas in recent decades. This warming was much greater than the warming induced by dynamic and other radiative factors. In particular, the strong radiative effects of BC on the warming over the Himalayas are identified by comparing control and BC-perturbed experiments of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). As a result of strong BC effects on the Himalayas, evaporation and reduced precipitation were strengthened, accounting for local drying and land degradation, which intensified warming. These results suggest that more investigations on the local radiative effects on the climate and ecosystem are needed, especially in the high-altitude cryosphere.


The present invention, control of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine is facilitated, thereby providing drive control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle that prevents over-rotation of the motor generator. In the drive control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle that drives and controls the vehicle by using the output from the engine and a plurality of motor generators, the target engine operation from the target engine power and overall system efficiency to determine the target engine torque and the target engine rotational speed of the engine the target engine operating point setting unit, and the motor torque command value calculating unit that sets each of the torque command value of the plurality of motor generators, the target engine torque, and the torque command value of said motor generator to set point and a engine torque correction unit that corrects the target engine torque correction value to be set on the basis of the possible output torque of the motor generator.


Near-infrared, JHKL, photometry of η Car is reported covering the period 2000-2004. This includes the 2003 shell event which was the subject of an international multiwavelength campaign. The fading that accompanied this event was similar to, although slightly deeper than, that which accompanied the previous one. The period between these events is 2023 ± 3 d and they are strictly periodic. Their cause, as well as that of the quasi-periodic variations and secular brightening, are discussed. It seems possible that all three types of variability are consequences of the binary nature of the star.


The nearfield of the difference frequency generated by a spherically spreading primary wave can be represented by a triple integral of an oscillating integrand. The computation is facilitiated by a transformation that results in rapid convergence. [Sponsored by Naval Material Command.]


The key technologies for a 1.2 Gb/s HDTV optical digital transmission system for contribution service use are addressed. A wide-dynamic-range optical receiver is described. Attained average received optical power for an error rate of 10/sup -9/ was from -6 dBm to -38 dBm, with an optical dynamic range of 32 dB. This system provides for transmission lengths from a few meters to up to 80 km. It was confirmed that the system developed is available for interconnecting HDTV equipment within a studio and for dispatching HDTV programs from a production site to a postproduction studio. Scrambled-8B1C NRZ line coding was used to keep clock recovery reliable in the receiver. The line-coding circuit satisfies the BSI (bit sequence independent) property and can be easily implemented using commercial high speed ECL devices. >


As low loss dielectric materials play an important role in application for microwave devices. To obtain their dielectric properties, Based on both theoretical analysis and numerical simulation by a 3-D finite element electromagnetic code, HFSS, two reflection-type hemispherical open resonators are designed to excite TEM0030 mode at 94.7GHz and TEM0055 mode at 100.5GHz.In contrast with two ports measurements, the system with only one coupling hole was directly connected to a W-band vector network analyser (VNA) provide a simple method. Calculating through the VNA measured port reflection coefficient (S11) resonant curve can get dielectric properties. The automated measurement system has addressed several key technologies of how to determine precision value of cavity length and how to choose correct solution from a lot of solutions. The certified measurement system after a series of checking is used to measure sapphire. Lots of measurement results show that the standard deviation of measurement error is less than 0.154% in permittivity and 20.42% in loss tangent. Meanwhile, some experimental summaries on the open resonator technique are provided. Software that controls the measurement system is developed and it improves the testing efficiency greatly.


A versatile and modular nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument is described that is particularly suited for the study of moisture transport in porous media such as various building materials in which moisture can give rise to several kinds of damages. Quantitative measurements of one‐dimensional moisture profiles and their time evolution can be performed on cylindrical samples having a diameter up to 20 mm with a spatial resolution better than 1 mm. Water absorption and drying experiments on various building materials demonstrate that the instrument can also be used for materials containing relatively large amounts of magnetic impurities, which until now were hardly accessible by NMR techniques.