Introduction * Physical-chemical properties of the -cyanoacrylate * ABSTRACT Currently, new formulations of -cyanoacrylic tissue adhesives, are being studied for the repair of soft and hard tissue in order to improve properties such as: biodegradability, biocompatibility bone flexibility (in the soft tissue applications) and ease of handling. This paper presents a review of scientific literature related to new formulations of -cyanoacrylic adhesives and medical applications.


An object's translational and rotational motion is associated with linear and angular momenta. When multiple objects interact the exchange of momentum dictates the new system's motion. Since light, despite being massless, carries both linear and angular momentum it too can partake in this momentum exchange and mechanically affect matter in tangible ways. Due to conservation of momentum, any such exchange must be reciprocal, and the light therefore acquires an opposing momentum component. Hence, light and matter are inextricably connected and one can be manipulated to induce interesting effects to the other. Naturally, any such effect is facilitated by having strongly enhanced light-matter interaction, which for visible light is something that is obtained when nanostructured matter supports optical resonances. This thesis explores this reciprocal relationship and how nanostructured matter can be utilised to augment these phenomena. Once focused by a strong lens, light can form optical tweezers which through optical forces and torques can confine and manipulate small particles in space. Metallic nanorods trapped in two dimensions against a cover glass can receive enough angular momentum from circularly polarised light to rotate with frequencies of several tens of kilohertz. In the first paper of this thesis, the photothermal effects associated with such optical rotations are studied to observe elevated thermal environments and morphological changes to the nanorod. Moreover, to elucidate upon the interactions between the trapped particle and the nearby glass surface, in the thesis' second paper a study is conducted to quantify the separation distance between the two under different trapping conditions. The particle is found to be confined ⇠30-90 nm away from the surface. The momentum exchange from a single nanoparticle to a light beam is negligible. However, by tailoring the response of an array of nanoparticles, phase-gradient metasurfaces can be constructed that collectively and controllably alter the incoming light's momentum in a macroscopically significant way, potentially enabling a paradigm shift to flat optical components. In the thesis' third paper, a novel fabrication technique to build such metasurfaces in a patternable polymer resist is investigated. The technique is shown to produce efficient, large-scale, potentially flexible, substrate-independent flat optical devices with reduced fabricational complexity, required time, and cost. At present, optical metasurfaces are commonly viewed as stationary objects that manipulate light just like common optical components, but do not themselves react to the light's changed momentum. In the last paper of this thesis, it is realised that this is an overlooked potential source of optical force and torque. By incorporating a beam-steering metasurface into a microparticle, a new type of nanoscopic robot – a metavehicle – is invented. Its propulsion and steering are based on metasurfaceinduced optical momentum transfer and the metavehicle is shown to be driven in complex shapes even while transporting microscopic cargo.


S trategic and efficient reading comprehension is the uncontesied aim of all reading, whether it occurs silently or orally, and whether the material being read is offline or online. Although we know of the myriad processes that must occur in the mind of a reader to make sense of text while reading silently, we are just now coming to understand the nature of these processes while reading silently online. Because of the influx of new technologies, today's readers navigate a multitude of texts that require the development of new literacies to use them (Coiro, Knobel, Lankshear, &r Leu, 2008). Recent research shows that reading on-line involves a complex set of decision-making and problem-solving skills (Leu, O'Byrne, Zawilinski, McVerry, & Everett-Cacopardo, 2009) and that readers essentially create their own texts as they locate resources, evaluate them critically, synthesize ideas across sites, and communicate about them (Leu et al., 2008). These decisions are made as readers react either strategically or with a trial-and-error response to text as they read silently online. Educators are corning to find that online comprehension strategies, developed through instruction and experience , can lead to effective and efficient comprehension of information accessed through digital formats. Given emerging research thai online reading comprehension requires skills and strategies that are complex, some of which are unique to the online context (Coiro, 2007), a central question is, How do we build into the literacy curriculum opportunities for students to acquire the requisite skills and strategies for online reading comprehension? Further, what classroom reading activities encourage students to read a broad range of texts both online and offline? This chapter discusses how the Internet is shaping the way we read, write, and communicate and how it is transforming the way educators teach literacy in Revisiting .Silent Reading: New Directions for Teachers and Researchers, edited by Elfrieda H. Hie.hert and D. Ray Reutzel.


The present invention is one or more aroma substances, solvents, aqueous medium and, optionally, comprising at least one surface active agent and the solvent is adjacent to a diol, e.g., 1,2-hexane diol, containing no ethanol, the non-fat non-tacky directional aqueous aroma relates to enteric micro-emulsion composition. Perfume composition, adjacent diol, 1,2-hexane diol, ethanol, the non-tacky


Abstract : The demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War have increased the likelihood of instability. These factors have also increased American flexibility in dealing with these instabilities. Instabilities can be classified according to their causes, their effects, and their solutions. Once classified, a model can be developed to aid in devising American responses to a particular instability. This model uses the four elements of national power; economic, political, diplomatic, and military; to develop a coordinated, long term national plan aimed at alleviating the causes of a particular instability.


Quebrada de Humahuaca is set in the central portion of the Jujuy Province (Northwest of Argentinian Republic) and it has been inhabited approximately by 11.000 years. In 2003 this region was declared "Cultural and Natural Patrimony of Mandkind" by The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). From that date the cultural and adventure tourism circuits development increased.


The efficient use of energy is a crucial goal related to the world economy, and efforts are aimed at reducing energy demand for the same quality and quantity of products and services. The drive to improve energy efficiency in the context of technological development, as well as the intensification of industrial and other processes, imposes a constant demand for more efficient heat exchange devices and systems. As devices in which the heat transfer process is crucial, heat exchangers play an essential role in many engineering and other applications. There are several generic techniques for improving the performance of thermal devices, which ultimately manifest through an increase in the heat transfer coefficient as the primary efficiency indicator. These methods include initiating or intensifying the turbulent flow of working fluids, increasing the heat exchange surface by applying specific shapes and additional elements, and using working fluids with improved thermophysical characteristics. This work presents a model for optimising a heat-exchanging surface with cylindrical fins based on the assumption that the material has a constant volume. In doing so, the maximum heat flux at the optimal diameter of the cylindrical fins made of different materials is compared. This research was conducted through a combination of three methods, namely, analytical, numerical (based on the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique), and experimental support, for the verification of the obtained results. The optimisation model is based on the analytical and numerical simulation of the heat flux through the fins to obtain the relevant thermophysical parameters of the investigated fin profiles. The optimisation of cylindrical fin profiles is performed for three different fin materials (steel, aluminium, and copper) based on the constant heat transfer coefficient and for different fin materials based on variable heat flux. The heat flux change along the fin was evaluated using analytical and numerical methods. The analysis showed that, due to the trade-off between the convective heat transfer surface area for each of the fin materials, an optimal fin diameter could be identified. Furthermore, the temperature along the cylindrical fin was evaluated through analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. The numerical simulation of the fin model was performed using CFD simulations, and the practical experimental research was carried out on a physical installation using a TESTO 875-2 thermal camera to obtain a clearer picture of the temperature profile. The results include heat flux through cylindrical fins as a function of the fin diameter, the material used, and the convective heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, a comparison of analytical and numerical solutions for the heat flux of cylindrical fins is presented. The temperature profile as a function of the fin element height x, obtained using three methods, has been used as a possible comparison between the methods. The optimisation of the fins has implications on the heat transfer efficiency, as well as on the material used to build the thermal devices and other heat-exchanging equipment.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease that affects 7%– 8% of the overall adult population of the United States. DM occurs in 18% of persons between the ages of 65 and 75 years and in as many as 40% of persons 180 years old; in addition, 23% of persons aged 65–70 years have impaired glucose tolerance, and nearly 50% of cases in elderly individuals with DM remain undiagnosed.


The Soya Warm Current (SWC), which is the coastal current along the northeastern part of Hokkaido, Japan, has a notable baroclinic jet structure during summer. This thesis addresses the formation mechanism of the baroclinic jet by analyzing a realistic numerical model and conducting its sensitivity experiment. The key process is the interaction between the seasonal thermocline and the bottom Ekman layer on the slope off the northeastern coast of Hokkaido; the bottom Ekman transport causes subduction of the warm seasonal-thermocline water below the cold lower-layer water, so the bottom mixed layer develops with a remarkable cross-isobath density gradient. Consequently, the buoyancy transport vanishes as a result of the thermal-wind balance in the mixed layer. The SWC area is divided into two regions during summer: upstream, the adjustment toward the buoyancy shutdown is in progress; and downstream, the buoyancy shutdown occurs. The buoyancy shutdown theory assesses the bottom-mixed-layer thickness to be 50 m, which is consistent with observations and our numerical results. idealized numerical Analysis eddy energy surface pressure


Word clustering is a conventional and important NLP task, and the literature has suggested two kinds of approaches to this problem. One is based on the distributional similarity and the other relies on the co-occurrence of two words in lexicosyntactic patterns. Although the two methods have been discussed separately, it is promising to combine them since they are complementary with each other. This paper proposes to integrate them using hidden Markov random fields and demonstrates its effectiveness through experiments.


Abstract This paper advances a deflationary interpretation of populism, Donald Trump and the United States Constitution. It accepts that Trump utilizes a populist pose but rejects populism as too reductive for understanding his ascension and constitutional challenge. First, it argues that, although he merits the designation, Trump reveals more about populism than populism does about him. Trump illustrates populism's conceptual elasticity, but employing it as a frame to understand him imposes coherence upon a figure whose monetized politics are chaotic, shallow and unanchored by principle. Second, populism provides a necessary but insufficient condition for critically explaining Trump's ascension, either in terms of electoral populism or populism in power. Third, while democratic deconsolidation under Trump's presidency cannot be discounted, the Constitution remains resilient in most important respects. A dispassionate constitutional sociology counsels a deflationary understanding rather than an uncritical alarmism that too frequently reproduces and reinforces the darker aspects of Trump's populist political logic.


A logic Λ bounds a property P if all proper extensions of Λ have P while Λ itself does not. We construct logics bounding finite axiomatizability and logics bounding finite model property in the lattice of intermediate logics and the lattice of normal extensions of K4.3.


To the Editor: Methotrexate (MTX) is a classical antifolate. IntravenousMTXdoses of 500mg/m2 or higher are defined as high-doseMTX (HD-MTX). HDMTX is a key drug in the treatment of various cancers.1 MTX and its metabolites are poorly soluble in human urine. Thus, they may result in renal damage secondary to tubular obstruction or direct toxicity. Therefore,massive fluid infusion and urine alkalinization are necessary during HD-MTX therapy to ensure properMTX excretion.2 Congenital solitary kidney (CSK) is a condition characterized by anatomical or functional absence of one kidney at birth, and it causes progressive renal dysfunction.3,4 There are no reports on the safety of HD-MTX therapy in patients with CSK. Herein, we report a pediatric case of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with CSK that was safely treated with HD-MTX therapy based on the Berlin– Frankfurt–Münster 95 protocol.5 A 5-year-old male child was referred to our hospital with the complaint of right ankle pain. The patientwas diagnosedwithB-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on bonemarrow aspirate findings. Moreover, CSK was identified on abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography, which revealed the absence of the right kidney and a compensatory enlargement of the left kidney. Ultrasonography revealed no other urinary tract malformations. Renal function was unaffected by the serumcreatinine and cystatinC levels. Thus, the conventional dose was administered based on the protocol. MTX (5 g/m2)was administered on days 8, 22, 36, and 50 as a part of the consolidation therapy. A massive infusion of 3000 ml/m2/day was initiated 1day beforeMTX therapy, and sodiumbicarbonatewasmixed with the infusion. Acetazolamide (250mg) was administered every 6 h, starting 12 h before MTX administration. Calcium folinate (15 mg/m2) was administered every 6 h, starting 42 h after MTX administration. Supportive care (e.g., fluid balance and urine pH adjustment) was continued until the blood levels of MTX dropped below 0.25 μmol/L. The protocol recommends an increased calcium folinate dose for patients with blood levels ofMTXexceeding 150, 1.0, 1.0, and0.25μmol/L at 24, 42, 48, and 66 h after administration, respectively. These criteria were not fulfilled in the present case, andMTXwas excreted adequately. The pretreatment estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 121 ml/min/1.73 m2. The eGFR at the start and end of the consolidation therapy and after completing the protocol was 159, 161, and 117 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. The eGFR was calculated using the GFR estimation equation, which is reportedly applicable for screening renal function in Japanese and Asian children, aged 2–11 years.6 TABLE 1 Blood levels ofMTX (μmol/L) during four cycles of HD-MTX therapy


The train is considered to act as strategic public transport because of its ability to reduce congestion in urban areas. Various modes of transportation are in a race - a race to improve the quality of service that requires rail freight also needs to improve in all areas. Service is the main priority which is used as a benchmark in competitive advantages and facilities are factors that affect the services provided by the transport company. This is the underlying researchers to conduct research on passenger satisfaction ratings on the level of service performance and service facilities Commuter Line KRL Bekasi - Manggarai and to determine the factors affecting passenger satisfaction. Data obtained in the form of a survey by questionnaire online delivery methods. Methods of data analysis software used isms. Excel and SPSS software for statistical testing. The conclusions of the research by the method of Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) obtained a passenger satisfaction index score of 76.11%. It is stated that the passengers very satisfied with the performance of services and facilities service station Commuter Line KRL Bekasi - Manggarai, only for the suitability of the train arrival and departure needs to be improved.


Abstract: Design and synthesis of conjugated organic polymers for electronic and optoelectronic applications, such as electrochromic devices (ECD), organic light emitting diodes (OLED), organic field effective transistors (OFET), lasers, photodiodes and solar cells, have an increasing momentum. Fused thiophenes, i.e. thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes (TT), have been widely accepted as important building blocks for such materials. In this work, 4-thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-3-ylbenzonitrile (TT-CN), having electron withdrawing cyano moiety, was polymerized with anthracene and biphenyl through Suzuki coupling to obtain the polymers. Electronic and optical properties of the resultant polymers were investigated. Effects of different molecular orientations of anthracene and biphenyl blocks in the polymer backbone were compared.


A 66 year old male having Diabetes Mellitus of 25 yrs duration well controlled on oral hypoglycaemic drugs. Since one year uncontrolled and persistent hyper glycaemic status with oral hypo glycaemic drugs. Later he has to switch on to insulin injection daily. One day he reported to clinician that description about tiny 2 m.m. firm equal size nodules on his right thigh deep sub cutaneous tissue nodules 4 in number where at previous injection insulin site. Later week he noticed nodules migrated to superficial epidermis surface. His diabetologist planned investigations. By that time within 48 hours nodules turned yellowish colour on the top surface. Therefore his doctor started prophylactic antibiotics that is ciprofloxacin. The yellowish pustules bursts on his own discharging a drop of yellowish colour of thin liquid. So culture and sensitivity was taken and reported as sterile with secondary infection. Same day CRP was done and was negative. Finally one of the remaining residual nodule was subjected to FNAC and histo pathological report shown as foreign body granuloma (as shown in the image). Next 48 hours all four suppurated nodules coalaece together to form dark red unusual carbuncles.


In this article we prove the existence of Bernstein processes which we associate in a natural way with a class of non-autonomous linear parabolic initialand …nal-boundary value problems de…ned in bounded convex subsets of Euclidean space of arbitrary dimension. Under certain conditions regarding their joint endpoint distributions, we also prove that such processes become reversible Markov di¤usions. Furthermore we show that those di¤usions satisfy two Itô equations for some suitably constructed Wiener processes, and from that analysis derive Feynman-Kac representations for the solutions to the given equations. We then illustrate some of our results by considering the heat equation with Neumann boundary conditions both in a one-dimensional bounded interval and in a two-dimensional disk. 1 Introduction and Outline It is well known that Itô's theory of stochastic di¤erential equations makes it possible to associate a Markov process to essentially any second-order elliptic di¤erential operator, and that the …ne properties of each one of these objects allow one to get precise information about the other. In particular, the knowledge of the behavior of such a di¤usion typically leads to the discovery of new phenomena regarding the solutions to a host of elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations, ranging from Dirichlet and Neumann initial-boundary value problems to equations describing wave front propagation in periodic and random media. This is testi…ed, for instance, by the many results and references in [9] and [12]. By the same token it is also possible to associate Markov processes with the Schrödinger equation of quantum physics in a variety of ways, as in [5] where the author's considerations rest on the principles of stochastic mechanics set forth in [23], and in [34] whose constructions are related to the properties of the stochastic variational calculus introduced in [33].


Objective To investigate the expression of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) in patients with acute cerebral infarction before or after treatment and the correlation between hs-CRP and clinical neurologic impairment score.Methods 96 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 35 healthy were recruited.Of the 96 cases,35 were evaluated as mild situation,36 were moderate and 25 were severe.3 mL of fasting venous blood were taken for every sample.hs-CRP was detected by using latex enhanced immunoturbidimetry.Results hs-CRP in patients with acute cerebral infarction before treatment were significantly higher than that in the normal control group(P0.01).After two weeks treatment,there were no significant difference(P0.05) between patients and the normal control group.There were significant(P0.01) difference among mild,moderate and severe group.hs-CRP in patients was positively correlated with the clinical neurological deficit score.Conclusion hs-CRP as an inflammatory marker plays an important role in the formation and progress of cerebral infarction,and it may reflect the severity of cerebral infarction patients.hs-CRP is critical in the diagnosis,monitoring and prognosis of the acute cerebral infarction.


Ray Stanford Strong's Golden Gate Bridge is the embodiment of depression era chutzpa. Powerful and vibrant, this 1930s painting of San Francisco's nascent technological wonder signals better days ahead. President Franklin D. Roosevelt selected Golden Gate Bridge to hang in the White House as an optimistic example of New Deal art—without a bread line in sight. In the painting's foreground, two concrete pylons sink deep beneath the earth's surface. Th e construction workers standing at the back of the right-hand pylon show us the scale of the structure's enormity. From a bird's-eye view, looking down into the shadowy excavation pit, our gaze shifts in the middle distance to a red brick fortress. Fort Point, a Spanish structure rebuilt to protect San Francisco during the Civil War, is being subsumed by the iron and steel bridge. In the distance, beyond the city, are the Marin County Headlands, an area of open space that was preserved as a national park in the 1970s. For Strong, the landscape beyond the construction site (not man's industrial progress) served as a metaphorical beacon, one that would guide his long career as a painter. Indeed, the theme of the bridge also underscores his achievements as a teacher of painting who, over the decades, would link nineteenth-century landscape traditions and the environmental concerns of nature painters in the twenty-fi rst century. Strong died on July 3, 2006, at the age of 101. He was fortunate. Even in his fi nal years, he never lost his gusto for espousing the populist platform he adopted in the 1930s: a living wage for all workers, support for public schools, preservation of public land, and a national public policy that actively champions peace.1 I fi rst met Ray in 1999, when he agreed to speak to my class on American art at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Rolling onto the stage in his wheelchair, he told the students how he had painted the mountains of Oregon. "I hiked 'em all," he explained, "and eventually my knees just wore out."2 Ray delivered his declaratives on painting and the environment with the passionate gestures of a revival preacher. Paul Karlstrom captured his enthusiasm in a 1993 interview for the Archives of American Art. Strong told Karlstrom, as he did my class, "Look at the land! Get out, live in it! Sleep in it! Paint it!"3 Ray knew that his western landscapes were not part of the artistic "advanced guard" (a term he liked to use jokingly). In the 1960s he was undiminished when abstract painters from the UCSB Art Department revoked his teaching appointment, explaining to the realist painter, "You will undo all our teaching."4 Strong always knew what he wanted to do. "I had my sights set on trying to paint light, form, color, geology—the works—of Appreciation


The reasons for Yuan dynasty in fashion for a time but collapsed suddenly when it was 98 years old may be too many to count,but the leading one should be carried out some improper fiscal policies.Excessively issued money that led to inflation was the induced cause for the collapse of public finance;the disordered fiscal administration was the subjective cause for the collapse of public finance;the policy makers hesitation in choosing a proper fiscal policy was the key cause leading to the collapse of public finance.


This article shows how the Magnetic technique can be improved to obtain more precise information about fault localization, particularly when other techniques cannot be used. We propose a new methodology based on the coupling of Magnetic measurements with Magnetic Simulations, which we validate on a real case device.


Objective To investigate the effect of CD40 signal on lung cancer cells sensitivity to chemotherapy. Methods Lung cancer cell lines A549 and SPC-A-1 were chosen as target cells and CD40 signal was stimulated by soluble CD40 ligand(sCD40L)or agonistic CD40 monoclonal antibody 5C11. MTT assay was used to determine the changes of cell proliferation inhibition effect by cisplatin(DDP) or mitomycin(MMC) after CD40 was stimulated. Immunofluorescence technique and flow cytometry were employed to monitor the effect of cytotoxicity of DDP or MMC on lung cancer cell lines after CD40 stimulation. Results After CD40 stimulation, an increase of inhibition on CD40 positive cell line A549 proliferation and an augment of cytotoxicity of DDP and MMC on CD40 positive cell line A549 were confirmed when DDP or MMC was added. No such changes were observed on CD40 negative cell line SPC-A-1. Conclusion Stimulation of CD40 could upregulate cell sensitivity to chemotherapy on CD40 positive cell line A549, which indicated CD40 might be a potentially useful target in treatment of lung cancer.


A novel betaine surfactant containing ester bond was synthesized through reactions between sodium chloroacetate and the intermediate lauroylethyl dimethyl tertiary amine,which was prepared using lauric acid and N,N-dimethyl ethanolamine as starting materials,p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst.The optimum reaction conditions for the intermediate were obtained via the orthogonal experiments:N,N-dimethyl ethanolamine and lauric acid in a molar ratio of 1.6∶1 reacted at 170 ℃ for 12 h,catalyst amount used 1.5%.The maximum yield is above 85%.The uniform experiment showed that the conversion rate of the second step is above 98%,which was undertaken through the reaction of the intermediate and sodium chloroacetate in a molar ratio 1∶2.2,at 90 ℃ for 21 h,isopropyl alcohol as solvent.The final product was recrystaled with acetone.HPLC showed the purity of the lauroylethyl betaine is beyond 99%.The product was confirmed by FT-IR、ESI-MS and 1HNMR spectrometry.


The signal processing methods of heterodyne interferometer dynamic data collection using FPGA are discussed. In this design,two channel analog to digital signal conversion is started at the same time of latching the position counter result, and the result is write to cache. The dynamic data collection is achieved by this means.


Complex dual hesitant fuzzy set (CDHFS) is an assortment of complex fuzzy set (CFS) and dual hesitant fuzzy set (DHFS). In this manuscript, the notion of the CDHFS is explored and its operational laws are discussed. The new methodology of the complex interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy set (CIvDHFS) and its necessary laws are introduced and are also defensible with the help of examples. Further, the antilogarithmic and with-out exponential-based similarity measures, generalized similarity measures, and their important characteristics are also developed. These similarity measures are applied in the environment of pattern recognition and medical diagnosis to evaluate the proficiency and feasibility of the established measures. We also solved some numerical examples using the established measures to examine the reliability and validity of the proposed measures by comparing these with existing measures. To strengthen the proposed study, the comparative analysis is made and it is conferred that the proposed study is much more superior to the existing studies.


Hemicarcerands are host molecules created to study constrictive binding with guest molecules for insights into the rules of molecular complexation. However, the molecular dynamics simulations that facilitate such studies have been limited because three-dimensional models of hemicarcerands are tedious to build and their atomic charges are complicated to derive. There have been no molecular dynamics simulations of the reported water-soluble hemicarcerand (Octacid4) that explain how it uniquely encapsulates its guests at 298 K and keeps them encapsulated at 298 K in NMR experiments. Herein we report a modular approach to hemicarcerand simulations that simplifies the model building and charge derivation in a manner reminiscent of the approach to protein simulations with truncated amino acids as building blocks. We also report that apo Octacid4 in water adopts two clusters of conformations, one of which has an equatorial portal open thus allowing guests to enter the cavity of Octacid4, in microsecond molecular dynamics simulations performed using the modular approach at 298 K. Under the same simulation conditions, the guest-bound Octacid4 adopts one cluster of conformations with all equatorial portals closed thus keeping the guests incarcerated. These results explain the unique constrictive binding of Octacid4 and suggest that the guest-induced host conformational change that impedes decomplexation is a previously unrecognized conformational characteristic that promotes strong molecular complexation.


The concept of relevant coast is inseparable from the development of the legal system of maritime delimitation. The International Court of Justice defined relevant coast as the coast that could produce overlapping ocean claims. Identifying relevant coast is important to determine the sea in which there are overlapping maritime claims and it is also a prerequisite for the constitution of disproportionate test. Identifying relevant coasts needs to consider two factors,one is overlapping rights,and the second is faithful real geography. Islands and bays constitute the special case for the recognition of relevant coast and to determine whether it can be identified as relevant coast should consider their own situation.


I. EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL BACKGROUND FOR THE CLINICAL USE OF BOWEL ANTIGEN1 Involvements of the intestine of known cause are those due to neoplasms, bacterial and parasitic infections, bacterial toxins associated with food poisoning, vitamin deficiencies and the excretion of poisonous chemicals. A decade ago lymphogranuloma venereum, now generally regarded as due to a virus, was associated with rectal stricture because of the frequent concomitant occurrence of the latter condition with a positive Frei reaction. More recently some authors have assumed that a positive Frei reaction associated with intestinal diseases indistinguishable pathologically and clinically from bowel disorders of diverse or unknown origin is indicative that this virus is the cause. This is true in many instances, but given a specific case it is not possible merely by means of the Frei reaction to establish such a connection. Even the clinical aspects


ION]BACKGROUNDAIM: To analyze the expressions and their sequences of cytochrome P4502D(CYP2D)subfamily gene in rat heptocarcinoma induced by dimethylaminoazobenzene(DAB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The rats were induced by azo dye DAB,the mRNA expression of three isoforms(CYP2D1、CYP2D2and CYP2D4)were detected by quantitative RT-PCR,then PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS: The expression in CYP2D2and CYP2D4mRNA decreased dramatically both in hepatocarcinoma and paracancerous tissues(P0.01),and mRNA of the two isoforms in hepatocarcinoma tissues was lower than in paracancerous tissues(P0.01).Though CYP2D1mRNA had a trend of decrease in hepatocarcinoma and paracancerous tissues,no significant difference was found between them.Sequence analysis of those PCR products showed that only a single-site base mutation happened in CYP2D2from hepatocarcinoma tissues. CONCLUSION: the expression of three isoforms(CYP2D1,CYP2D2and CYP2D4)mRNA were reduced differently by oza dye DAB,DAB could result in CYP2D2gene mutation,these indicate that the variants of CYP2D genes may contribute to the progression of hepatocarcinoma.


A car navigation method includes process for providing guidance information to vehicle driver. Vehicle carried termination issues guidance information through image and sounds, user can ask service center providing speech-sounds service at any moment in running, to real time help user selecting way. Service center sets unified service number, according to user's running position automatically switching user's service requirement user current local service center, service center GIS data base pre-stored detailed and simple guidance information to each information point, and user received guidance information containing current position information aftertime two passage point information.


We studied the pulse electric current sintering behavior of the atomized cast-iron powder of Fe-C system containing hypo-eutectic carbon and the microstructures of sintered bodies. The results were as follows:(1) The porosity control of the atomized cast-iron sintered body, which was very difficult by the vacuum sintering method, could be done by the pulse electric current sintering method with several sintering conditions, that is, the sintering temperature and the sintering pressure.(2) The microstructure of the sintered body was depending on the sintering temperature, and was independent of the sintering pressure.


This paper presents preparation of low fouling PES membranes by non solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) coupled with redox polymerization. The membrane characterization included water permeability, morphology structure (by SEM) and surface chemistry (by FTIR). Water permeability measurements showed thatthe membranes have water permeability within the range 10-50 L/h.m2.bar. Addition of PEG dan PEGMA intopolymer solution increased water permeability, whereas blending redox initiator and crosslinker, MBAA in polymer solution decreased water permeability. Surface morfology of membranes by SEM showed that unmodified PES membrane had smaller pore size than PEG or PEGMA modified PES membranes. Furthermore, PES-PEG or PES-PEGMA membranes modified by blending with redox initiator and MBAA as crosslinker showed smaller pore size than unmodified membrane. FTIR analysis showed that all membranes have typical spectraof PES polymer; however no additional peak was observed forthe membranes prepared with addition of PEG/PEGMA, initiator redox and also crosslinker. The addition of PEG/PEGMA, redox initiator and crosslinker resulted in membranes with high rejection and an acceptable flux as well as more stable due to relatively high fouling resistance.


Contents: Preface 'Araunah the Jebusite' and the throne of David 'Jedidiah' and cognate forms as a title of royal legitimization Cain's wife The hollow crown: ambivalent elements in west Semitic royal ideology Echoes of the King and his Ka: an ideological motif in the story of Solomon's birth When Adam delved: the meaning of Genesis 3:23 'Supposing him to be the gardener' (John 20:15): a study of the paradise motif in John The meaning of El Roi and the mythological dimension of Genesis 16 The theogony motif in Ugarit and the Bible The liturgical context of Psalm 19 and its mythical and ritual origins Ilimilku's ideological programme: Ugaritic royal propaganda, and a biblical postscript Arms and the King: the earliest allusions to the Chaoskampf motif and their implications for the interpretation of the Ugaritic and biblical traditions Degrees of divinity: some mythical and ritual aspects of west Semitic kingship Ilimilku the theologian: the ideological roles of Athtar and Baal in KTU 1.1 and 1.6 Marriage, mayhem and murder: an everyday story of royal folk Bibliography Index.


Abstract Complex Event Processing CEP denotes algorithmic methods for making sense of events by deriving higher-level knowledge, or complex events, from lower-level events in a timely fashion and permanently. Melinda is also an avid martial artist. Shawnas Chase (The Shawna Trilogy Book 2) Forgive, and you will be forgiven; give, and it will be given to you. Pecan Pies and Homicides (A Charmed Pie Shoppe Mystery, Book 3) Pages October December More article options. I would have to complete a physical examination to make an assessment. Captain Steve Savage Issues 7 and 8. Fighting Jets in Action. Golden Age Digital Comics Mostly, because they are Americans who revere freedom, they want the dreadful saga of their wartime mistreatment told so it will never happen . Related books: How I Recovered from Stress, Anxiety, Panic Attacks and Agoraphobia Without Taking a Single Pill, The Alienated War Veteran in Film and Literature, Spills and Spin: The Inside Story of BP, Russell: a tale of the reign of Charles II V3, Taken By a Stranger. Consensio: world cup Casonato, Luca Considerazioni e proposte per una strategia del talento sportivo. And if we recorded the incident, what a viral video. Bindinggoodandtight,withonlymildbumpsatcorners. Oscar Wilde. Ab einundzwanzig dann umgekehrt. America, the movie taking pains to make this clear: one of the longest discussions between Curran and his partner, Gus, takes place in a honkytonk bar, with Gus sporting a cowboy hat and bolo. Vier Frauen haben eine Strafe abzusitzen. AkerWirthbothindiamondminingandenginesfitforfutureemissionsregulationsTheseenginesaresuitableforlong-terminPlease bathe the children. Il ragazzo coglie in questa una svolta per la sua vita, una mano del destino che l'aiuti a ricominciare. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)


Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) have been proposed for a variety of applications where support for real-time multimedia services will be necessary. Due to high mobility of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks, there exist frequent link breakages which lead to frequent path failures and route discoveries. Traditional routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) send periodic messages to realize the changes in topology. Sending periodic messages cause overhead. Broadcasting can cause broadcast storm problem .To discover the route better than broadcasting methodology rebroadcast can done with the help of neighbor knowledge methods. In this paper, we propose reducing routing overhead for multimedia traffic in MANET using rebroadcast probability. In order to effectively exploit the neighbor coverage knowledge, we propose a novel rebroadcast delay to determine the rebroadcast order, and then we can obtain the more accurate additional coverage ratio by sensing neighbor coverage knowledge. We also define a connectivity factor to provide the node density adaptation. This approach can significantly decrease the number of retransmissions so as to reduce the routing overhead and also improve the routing performance. The performance evaluation based on NS simulations shows that reduce the routing overhead for multimedia traffic due to the neighbor coverage knowledge and the probabilistic mechanism. It can also improve the performance of routing in mobile ad hoc networks.


Abstract Processing through the application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) is now an accepted procedure for introducing very significant grain refinement into bulk solids. Typically, experiments show that the materials processed in this way have grain sizes in the submicrometer or even the nanometer range. This exceptional grain refinement provides an opportunity for conducting creep tests at elevated temperatures and examining the occurrence of creep flow through mechanisms where the creep rate varies inversely with the grain size. The present paper describes creep experiments conducted on two different representative materials subjected to SPD processing: high-purity aluminum and an aluminum 7034 alloy. The results demonstrate that the creep behavior depends critically upon the thermal stability of the ultrafine-grain microstructures.


OBJECTIVE: The authors made an in vitro assessment of the degermation power of 2.2% glutaraldehyde for 30 minutes in 3.2 mm diameter shaver blades used in videoarthroscopy. METHODS: 40 3.2 mm blades were used after being subdivided into four groups: Group I - 10 blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were placed in sterile state in a Brain-heart infusion (BHI) culture medium; Group II - ten blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were deliberately contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Mycobacterium fortuitum and later placed in a BHI culture medium; Group III - 10 blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were contaminated by the same bacteria and later immersed in glutaraldehyde for 30 minutes, and after they were cleaned with saline solution, they were placed in the culture medium; Group IV - 10 blades sterilized with ethylene oxide were used in arthroscopic procedures , then washed an immersed in glutaraldehyde, and also placed in the culture medium. In the media were bacterial growth did occur, such growth was seen within 72 hours of incubation, such period being extended to seven days to retrieve mycobacteria. RESULTS: There was no germ growth in the culture media of Groups I, III, and IV, but bacteria grew in all samples of Group II. CONCLUSION: The 2.2% glutaraldehyde solution, within the validity period, used for 30 minutes, showed to be effective "in vitro", in the degermation of 3.2 mm Shaver blades even when they were deliberately contaminated by fast-growing mycobacteria.


Abstract The effect of temperature on phase transformation, metallization rate, carbon residue and agglomeration of metal Fe after the pre-reduction of carbon-containing pellets in high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite (HCVTM) was investigated. The results indicated that titanomagnetite was finally reduced to metal Fe and (Mg, Fe)Ti2O5 without low valence titanium oxide with increasing pre-reduction temperature from 950 to 1,250℃; Vanadium magnetite produces Fe, VO and VC0.88 without V, and chromite magnetite produces Fe, Cr2O3, CrC x and a small amount of Cr. With an increase in the pre-reduction temperature, the metallization rate in the metallized pellets gradually increases, while the content of the residual carbon gradually decreases. Meanwhile, the iron particles precipitated on the surface of ore particles begin to soften into strips and finally agglomerate to form spherical iron particles, which leads to the diameter of iron particles increasing from 8.23 to 182.35 μm. When the pre-reduction temperature is 1,250℃, the maximum metallization rate in the metallized pellets is 92.49 wt% and the minimum content of residual carbon is 10.37 wt%.


Abstract I observed a juvenile male Bare-necked Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus glabricollis) forage on arthropods flushed by a large swarm of the army ant Eciton burchellii in the Caribbean foothills of Costa Rica. Apparently, this is the first report of this species attending an army ant swarm. At least 60 birds of eight different species were foraging at that swarm, the largest assemblage of army ant-following birds reported in the Neotropics.


Temporal data regularity is an important data property that can be used in different applications. Such regularity is explored in the field of periodic pattern mining. In this paper, we raise a problem of periodic sets detection and suggest the method for its solution. The existing algorithms for the periodic event mining are considered in detail and a new approach is proposed in the paper. The comparison of the algorithms and their performance are demonstrated through a series of experiments.


A new display technology based on Fluidic Self Assembly and microscopically‐small IC chips called NanoBlock™ ICs has reduced the cost and power dissipation of portable AMLCDs.


This paper illustrates the challenges of purchasing public services from private markets by analysing the bus tenders in a European city area with a population of approx. 1 million. City bus services have traditionally been organised by public organisations, while recently these are increasingly arranged in a combination of public and private services with a variety of organisational models. The paper analyses the typical challenges connected to public procurement of market-based services, as well as, based on a literature review analyses the case from viewpoints of division of labour, activities and tasks, efficient market structures in bus services, challenges connected to service purchasing, as well as, scale and scope economies in services.


A category is quasi-cotripleable over the category of sets if it has all the properties of cotripleable categories except the right adjoint to the forgetful functor. Problems involving such categories are illustrated by categories of relational structures, and by categories of sets acted on by a monoid with open homomorphisms for maps. A characterization is given in terms of generalized operators and relations.


Due to the effects of global warming and climatic changes as well as the fixation of CO2 in forestry carbon sequestration,forestry carbon sequestration research has got wide support from all countries in the word and developed.In this paper the progress in forestry carbon sequestration research home and abroad was summarized from the aspects of carbon sequestration technologies,market and projects.The paper held that it is of great significance for China to shoulder the great responsibility of developing forestry carbon sequestration.


The adsorption of methyl red by activated carbon produced from five native materials: Ram horn, plantain peels, Sugar cane chaff, Car tyre and Ram hair were studied invivo. Methyl orange was significantly adsorbed by all the activated carbons and the rate increased with time until equilibrium was reached after 24 h. The Freundlich's adsorption parameters were determined to be 1.71 (plantain peel), 1.20 (car tyre), 1.14 (ram hair), 1.02 (sugar cane chaff) and 1.00 (ram horn). In this study, plantain peel has the highest adsorptive capacity while ram horn has the least. The order of adsorptive capacity is plantain peel>car tyre>ram hair>sugar cane chaff>ram horn. The use of these native materials as adsorbents will lead to cost efficiency and reduce operational cost.


In this paper, we investigate a class of Schrödinger–Poisson systems with indefinite nonlinearity which is a combination of a linear term with parameter and a superlinear term with parameter . Here, the Poisson equation is the form , where . A concentration compactness lemma is established to overcome the lack of compactness. In order to insure the Nehari manifold , the parameters and must have some restriction that compares with and the variation range of depends on l. By seeking the local minimizer of the energy functional on the Nehari manifold, we obtain the existence of solution for the system.


Clues to the physical conditions in radio cores of blazars come from measurements of brightness temperatures as well as effects produced by intrinsic opacity. We study the properties of the ultra compact blazar AO 0235+164 with RadioAstron ground-space radio interferometer, multi-frequency VLBA, EVN and single-dish radio observations. We employ visibility modeling and image stacking for deriving structure and kinematics of the source, and use Gaussian process regression to find the relative multi-band time delays of the flares. The multi-frequency core size and time lags support prevailing synchrotron self absorption. The intrinsic brightness temperature of the core derived from ground-based VLBI is close to the equipartition regime value. In the same time, there is evidence for ultra-compact features of the size of less than 10 $\mu$as in the source, which might be responsible for the extreme apparent brightness temperatures of up to $10^{14}$ K as measured by RadioAstron. In 2007--2016 the VLBI components in the source at 43 GHz are found predominantly in two directions, suggesting a bend of the outflow from southern to northern direction. The apparent opening angle of the jet seen in the stacked image at 43 GHz is two times wider than that at 15 GHz, indicating a collimation of the flow within the central 1.5 mas. We estimate the Lorentz factor $\Gamma = 14$, the Doppler factor $\delta=21$, and the viewing angle $\theta = 1.7^\circ$ of the apparent jet base, derive the gradients of magnetic field strength and electron density in the outflow, and the distance between jet apex and the core at each frequency.


Fox and Eddleman "A time comparison study of vegetation on The Island Research Natural Area in Central Oregon." Northwest Science. 2003; 77(3): 246-254


In this paper, we develop some extensions and generalizations of some new nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm type discrete inequalities. These inequalities can be used as handy tools in the study of class of nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm sum-difference equations and its variants to obtain bound on the unknown function and analysis of various properties of solutions.


Renewables are incessantly increasing in the distribution network to supply the power demand and reduce the dependency on fossil fuel power plants. The power output of renewables depends on weather conditions. Variation in voltage due to changing climate is one major issue with renewable energy sources. In such a situation, maintaining the constant voltage poses extra duty on the distribution transformer. The PWM AC choppers are most often employed with on-load tap changers (OLTC) to regulate the voltage of distribution feeders. However, these choppers introduce undesirable harmonics in the network due to their non-optimal firing angles. This paper presents an intelligent technique to operate the AC choppers for harmonic elimination in a hybrid (solar/wind) distribution network. Various optimization algorithms such as PSO, GWO, ALO, and DE are tested on the system with optimal firing angles of the chopper. The network performance is assessed considering various parameters such as output voltage, total harmonic distortion, and voltage/current harmonics in the network. The efficacy of PSO, GWO, ALO, and DE algorithms are presented and discussed. The best-suited algorithm, which gives the noticeable reduction in voltage and current harmonics with an enhanced magnitude of the output voltage, is presented.


We further develop the finite length path generating transforms introduced previously, and use them to obtain constant sign polynomial expressions that reduce, in the limit of infinite path lengths, to parafermion and ABF Virasoro characters. This provides us, in the ABF case, with combinatorial proofs of Melzer's boson-fermion polynomial identities.


Let Y be a Ornstein–Uhlenbeck diffusion governed by a stationary and ergodic process X : dYt = a(Xt )Yt dt + σ(Xt ) dWt ,Y0 = y0 . We establish that under the condition α = Eµ (a(X0 )) with μ the stationary distribution of the regime process X , the diffusion Y is ergodic. We also consider conditions for the existence of moments for the invariant law of Y when X is a Markov jump process having a finite number of states. Using results on random difference equations on one hand and the fact that conditionally to X , Y is Gaussian on the other hand, we give such a condition for the existence of the moment of order s ≥ 0. Actually we recover in this case a result that Basak et al.  [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 202 (1996) 604–622] have established using the theory of stochastic control of linear systems.


The performance of chlorinated polypropylene (CPP) can be improved by grafting polyurethane (PU) onto it. PU grafted CPP (PU-g-CPP) has been synthesised via the inter-chain polymer reactions between maleated CPP (MCPP) and PU prepolymers containing free isocyanate (NCO) group in the presence of xylene as solvent and tertiary amine as catalyst. Various conditions for the reaction and the performance of the graft mixture (PU/MCPP composites) were optimised. The potential crosslinking and gelation were avoided successfully by dropping MCPP and controlling the mole ratio of PU prepolymers to MCPP. Different PU prepolymers and extenders had distinct effects on the solidifying characteristics and the adhesive capacity of PU/MCPP composites. The target graft products were characterised by FT-IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques.


A comparison on an historical basis of the classification of things in New South Wales and in South Africa can begin only in 1788. This is because Roman-Dutch law (the law of Holland) became available to South Africa in 1652, but English law did not become available to New South Wales until 136 years later, when the British established a penal settlement at Sydney Cove.


Consumer access to credit plays an important role in the creation of a healthy environment for enterprise development. Access to credit gives more buying power to consumers and therefore drives demand in the economy. The present study examines the consumer access to credit for the last three decades of the 20th century in the UK.


Objective:To study the feasibility of guided tissue regeneration(GTR) in the treatment of periodontal bone defects following tooth injury.Methods:8 patients(4 male and 4 female),altogether 11 teeth with periodontal defects,received the surgery for repair of the defects by Bio-Oss and Heal-all membrane transplantation.Probing pocket depth(PPD),probing attachment level(PAL) and gingival recession(GR) were measured before treatment,12 weeks and 24 weeks after treatment.Radiographic measurements included the area of the dark space between two adjacent teeth,polygon area(PG),and the length from the root apex to the deepest point of angular bone defect along the tooth root surface(L) were analysed by Image Pro-Plus software.The complications were observed after the surgery.Results:Treatment was completed in all the patients,PPD and PAL values reduced 12 and 24 weeks after treatment(P0.05),while GR value increased(P0.05).PG value reduced 12 and 24 weeks after treatment(P0.05),while L value increased(P0.05).Radiographs showed a high degree of reliability of the stable landmark ICC0.8(α0.4).Conclusion:The application of GTR technique by using Bio-Oss and Heal-all membrane may be promising in the treatment of periodontal defects after traumatic dental injury.


During the evolution of life, there have been several transitions in which individuals began to cooperate, forming higher levels of organization, and sometimes losing their independent reproductive identity (Bonner, 1988; Maynard-Smith and Szathmary, 1995; Wilson, 1971; Buss, 1987; Jablonka, 1994). For example, multicellularity and insect societies evolved independently multiple times. Several factors that confer evolutionary advantages on higher levels of organization have been proposed. Two such factors which may yield advantages are division of labor and increased size (Bonner, 1988; Maynard-Smith and Szathmary, 1995). In this paper we highlight another factor: information sharing. Information sharing is not subject to the intrinsic conservation laws that characterize the sharing of physical resources. A simple model will illustrate how information sharing can result in individuals that both receive more information about their environment and pay less for it. These effects may have played a role in the evolution of higher levels of organization. Accepted by Proc. Roy. Soc. B


Objective To study gaze discrimination in patients with schizophrenia.Method Used specificity,sensitivity,positive bias and total number of correct of gaze discrimination as index to compare the patients with schizophrenia with control befor and after classified into two types(paranoid and non paranoid),and observated the change of pre and post treatment in patients.Results Significant differences emerged between the two groups for gaze discrimination specificity score,total number of correct scores( P 0.001),this differences further enlarged between paranoid type and control after classified,significant difference also emerged for positive bias score and between two type of schizophrenia for sensitivity score.Conclusion There was defect of gaze discrimination in schizophrenia.


To control administrative discretion requires reasonableness of administrative enforcement,which may avoid the differences of punishment for the same illegal behaviors.Reasonable standards in fairness standards of administrative enforcement embody a concentrated reflection of reasonable principle.Compared to traditional enforcement,enforcing the law honorably puts more emphasis on the reasonable principle.Reasonableness of enforcement is stipulated in Article 4 in Law of the People's Republic of China on Administrative Penalty,so administrative enforcement practice shall be imposed in adherence to the principle of reasonableness.


Business and Economic Research (BER) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from December 1, 2021, to March 1, 2022. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether BER publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Publishing appreciates the following reviewers' rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Ahmed ZouhairAlmir A. AlihodžićAzzam HannoonBratu (Simionescu) MihaelaFayez Bassam ShriedehHengky Sumisto HalimMohsen MohagheghNana Osei-BonsuNemer BadwanRoderikus Agus TrihatmokoRomeo Victor IonescuShyamkumar D. KalpandeYu HsingZoran Wittine


Objective To investigate the deficit of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation in the different age of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like animal model and the protective effect of 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside(TSG),which is the main component of Polygonum multiflorum,on ERK activation. Methods A generally accepted animal model of AD-PDAPPV717I transgenic (Tg) mouse was observed from 4 to 16 months old. Tg mice were randomly divided into 3 model groups(4,10 and 16 months old mice)and TSG treated (at doses 120 and 240 μmol/kg/d) groups. TSG was administered to some Tg mice with an age range 4-10 months. In untreated 10 months old Tg mice,the TSG was administrated to those falling in the age range 10-16 months. For the control group we adopted the same age and background C57BL/6J mice. The ERK1/2 expression and phosphorylation were detected by Western blotting.Results In the 4-month-old PDAPPV717I Tg mice,phosphorylation of ERK1/2 decreased significantly in hippocampus and cortex compared with age matched control. In the 10-month-old Tg mice,decrease of ERK1/2 activation was aggravated in cortex but was less in hippocampus. The treatment of TSG at the doses of 120 and 240 μmol/kg for 6 months (from the age of 4 to 10 months) significantly up-regulated ERK1/2 activation in Tg mice. In the 16-month-old Tg mice,over-activation of ERK1/2 occurred in both hippocampus and cortex. The transgenic mice treated by TSG for 6 months (from the age of 10 months to 16 months) showed significant inhibition of over-activation of ERK1/2. Expression of total ERK1/2 showed no difference among control,Tg model and TSG treated groups.Conclusion PDAPPV717I transgenic mice with an age range from 4 to 16 months revealed the time-dependent deficit of ERK1/2 activation. TSG can bring the down or over activation of ERK1/2 into normal. Because ERK1/2 activation plays the crucial role in cellular signal transduction and learning-memory ability,TSG may have beneficial potential to the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.


Using a non-productform queueing network model, two approximations are developed for computing the average response time of transactions in a multi-processor shared-memory database system with optimistic concurrency control. The time and resources needed for the validation of transactions are explicitly taken into account in the queueing model, since they are not always negligible. The performance of the approximations, tested against a simulation of the queueing model, is very good.


In recent years there has been a significant change in the importance given to economic and social role of sport related economic activities since sport has changed to a much broader concept involving sport clubs, associations, organizations and businesses where the implementation of carefully designed marketing strategies became vital for success. This study aims to explore the factors affecting the sport related consumer expenditures. Empirical results were obtained by means of a questionnaire survey in Izmir, the third biggest city in Turkey. The results include demographic and socio-economic analysis of respondents, respondents' practices about sport related activities and expenditures associated with these activities. Six factors were obtained from the factor analysis depending on the respondents' attitudes towards sporting activities were examined for their effects on sport related expenditures of the consumers.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: coating for application to worn surfaces comprising composition including at least one curable polyurethane and at least one chlorinated polyolefine which provides improved adhesion to a worn surface as compared to adhesion of a coating composition including the same at least one curable polyurethane but not including at least one chlorinated polyolefine. The method of refinishing a worn surface comprises application of a curable polyurethane top finishing coating that includes at least one chlorinated polyolefine to the worn surface, and curing the curable polyurethane top finishing coating, wherein, before application of the curable polyurethane top finishing coating, the worn surface is treated with a solvent without any mechanical scraping. EFFECT: improved interlayer adhesion. 37 cl, 3 tblr


The fact that nonlocality implies steering enables one to certify steerability by using a Bell inequal- ity violation. Such a certification is device-independent (DI), i.e., one makes no assumption neither on the underlying state nor on the measurements. However, not all steerable states can violate a Bell inequality. Here, we systematically construct a collection of witnesses for steerable resources, defined by assemblages, in a measurement-device-independent (MDI) scenario. The inputs driving the measurement are replaced by a set of tomographically complete quantum states, and neither the detectors nor the underlying state is characterized. We show that all steerable assemblages can be detected by properly chosen witnesses. Furthermore, we introduce the first measure of steerability in an MDI scenario and show that such a measure is a standard one, i.e., a steering monotone, by proving that it is equivalent to the steering robustness.


The Israeli institutional asset. The Israeli electoral system and the political parties. The role of the Israeli defence forces (IDF).


Edge computing is a promising paradigm that brings servers closer to users, leading to lower latencies and enabling latency-sensitive applications such as cloud gaming, virtual/augmented reality, telepresence, and telecollaboration. Due to the high number of possible edge servers and incoming user requests, the optimum choice of user-server matching has become a difficult challenge, especially in the 5G era where the network can offer very low latencies. In this article, we introduce the problem of fair server selection as not only complying with an application's latency threshold but also reducing the variance of the latency among users in the same session. Due to the dynamic and rapidly evolving nature of such an environment and the capacity limitation of the servers, we propose as solution a reinforcement learning (RL) method in the form of a quadruple Q-Learning model with action suppression, $Q$-value normalization, and a reward function that minimizes the variance of the latency. Our evaluations in the context of a cloud gaming application show that, compared to an existing methods, our proposed method not only better meets the application's latency threshold but is also more fair with a reduction of up to 35% in the standard deviation of the latencies experienced by users.


In 1999, in response to the ongoing controversy surrounding prison health care, the Home Office and the NHS Executive published The Future Organization of Prison Health Care. This article, building on interviews and field notes from research conducted in the health care centres of three local prisons, analyses and critiques the document's premises, and argues that, until the formal and informal networks of penal power are addressed, then the document's hopes for change are unlikely to be realized.


With the popularity of ecological civilization,nature reserves have been rapidly developed in China.A summary of the achievements and experiences as well as the problems in nature reserve eco-tourism research could provide guidance for future researches.On the whole,scientific and technical study of eco-tourism in nature reserves of China from 2000 to 2009 are mainly concerned about the following aspects,i.e.,(1) nature reserve theoretical study of ecotourism;(2) regional level study of nature reserve ecotourism;and(3) the specific nature reserves eco-tourism research.The results of the researches on ecotourism in Chinese nature reserves in the past 10 years can be generalized in four aspects,and the five major problems are to be gradually solved in the future.


Often, more than one nucleotide triplet, or codon, encodes an amino acid.  Codon usage is not uniformly distributed and shows organism specific biases that have a measurable impact on protein production and the organism's fitness. Different bio-chemical processes might link codon choice to the organisms overall fitness: some synonymous codons are translated faster or more accurately than others and may result in a higher replicative capacity in model organisms such as E.coli. Aside from the direct fitness effect of fast translation, modulation of translation speed (by e.g. a 'ramp' of slow codons) is often relevant to ensure accurate folding of proteins. The observed codon bias is assumed to depend on a mixture of selection and mutation. A problem that is still open is the relative importance of factors shaping the bias. We use a quasispecies model to study this mutation/selection process. We include multiple mutation and selection processes in our model. These include mutational biases due to preference of transition (mutation within purines (A,G) or pyrimidines (C,T)  over transversion (mutation between purines or pyrimidines) and selectional pressure  due to  tRNA abundance and related correlates , e.g., translation speed or error rate in elongation. With the quasispecies model we can calculate the optimal codon usage of an evolving population depending on the relative weighting of fitness contributions and mutation effects. Turning this around, we can infer the most likely origin of codon usage bias in a specific organism by formulating the model as an inverse problem. We show that both, a maximum likelihood and Markov Chain Monte Carlo strategy, are successful in solving the inverse problem with an example for E. Coli and HPV.


We present a simplified analytical formulation of the acoustic phonon dominated electron mean free path (MFP) in PbTe quantum wires. We use a second order non‐parabolic electron energy band structure to demonstrate that the MFP can reach at the order of 35 nm at room temperature for a 10 nm wide PbTe quantum wire. Discontinuous behavior due to the quantum size effect has been exhibited in the scattering rate and MFP, when plotted against temperature. The results as presented in this paper find extensive use in determining various thermal transport phenomena in PbTe and related one‐dimensional electron devices.


Abstract Short-term (1–10 day) forecasts are made with climate models to assess the parameterizations of the physical processes. The time period for the integrations is that of the intensive observing period (IOP) of the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). The models used are the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model, version 3.1 (CAM3.1); CAM3.1 with a modified deep convection parameterization; and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Atmospheric Model, version 2 (AM2). The models were initialized using the state variables from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40). The CAM deep convective parameterization fails to demonstrate the sensitivity to the imposed forcing to simulate precipitation patterns associated with the Madden–Julian oscillations (MJOs) present during the period. AM2 and modified CAM3.1 exhibit greater correspondence to the observations at the TOGA COARE site, suggesting that convective pa...


On the upper surface of some specimens of the lichen Lobaria cf. crosa (Eschw.) Nyl. there are shrub‐like growths which have a morphology similar to that of a free‐living fruticose lichen, Polychidium umhausense (Auersw.) Henss., and contain a cyanophyte phycobiont, Nostoc. A few growths also contain scattered colonies of a chlorophyte phycobiont, in which case the lichen tissue locally assumes the foliose form characteristic of the parent Lobaria thallus. The differentiation of dorsiventral lichen cortices and the formation of a lax medulla and distinct algal layer are correlated with the presence of the green phycobiont. The lichen substances atranorin, gyrophoric acid, and 4‐0‐methylgyrophoric acid occur in both, the foliose L. erosa thallus and the fruticose tissue. It is suggested that the fruticose structures are erumpent cephalodia which are derived from the outgrowth of internal, cephalodia and should not be considered, to be epiphytic colonies of the lichen Polychidium.


The purpose of this study is to determine the job satisfaction levels of employees of sports federation and general directorate of sport, and to analyze according to some variables. "Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire" was used to determine the job satisfaction levels of employees. Since the data didn't fulfill the parametric assumptions, nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis and Man-Whitney U tests were used on the analysis according to job satisfaction levels. According to results of analysis, 98.8% of employees' job satisfaction levels are medium and high. It was revealed that there is a statistically significant difference between employees' general job satisfaction, internal and external sub-dimension points according to age groups, marital status, situation of selecting their jobs willingly and educational level. As a result; it was seen in terms of general job satisfaction and internal satisfaction that internal satisfaction levels of employees who are 40 or more in comparison with employees who are between 22-40 age groups, internal satisfaction levels of employees whose marital status are married in comparison with employees whose marital status are single, general satisfaction and internal satisfaction levels of employees who selected their job willingly and general, internal and external satisfaction levels of employees whose education levels are associate degree in comparison with employees whose education levels are bachelor's degree and postgraduate are higher.


There is provided a method of systems and associated for inspecting filter rods (26) which is used to form a cigarette filter elements, each filter rod defines a longitudinal axis extending between the ends, each end, substantially perpendicular to a longitudinally extending axis, and includes a filter material having a strand (50) extending axially disposed therein. Filter rod support device (500) is adapted to receive at least one filter rod such that one end of it is exposed. Analysis unit (600), so as to determine the state of the at least one filter rod and to provide a corresponding signal in response thereto, to interact with one end of at least one filter rod They are arranged with respect to the filter rod support device.


Tartaric acid in phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) at 30o consumed 2,003 ± 0.001 molar proportions of periodic acid in 2.5 hr. The reaction has been shown to be of second order. It is suggested that the oxidation proceeds through the disproportionation of a coordination compound intermediate involving the bitartrate and IO4 or H4IO4 ions, followed by the subsequent slow oxidation of glyoxylic acid to give formic acid.


the angle of the perineal wound. The wound is then closed with a subcuticular continuous running suture of No. 1 or No. 2 catgut. Pressure is, obtained on the area by applying gauze dressings, and an abdominal pad, held in place by a perineal binder. The 36 F. suprapubic Malecot catheter is reinserted in the suprapubic wound, and both it and the urethral catheter are connected to a drainage bottle. 6. Modification of grafting technique.-In the second case, the tube graft was built up on an intratracheal inflation cuff which was pulled on over the Foley bag catheter. By inflating the cuff slightly, it was possible to build this portion of the urethra much larger than the normal calibre, thus allowing in advance for shrinkage as healing and the surrouilding fibrosis became complete. Multiple holes were also cut in the intraurethral. portion of the catheter so that irrigation of the anterior urethra could be carried out, if desired, without disturbing the graft. The preoperative and postoperative cystograms of the first two cases done by this method are shown in Figs. 18 and 19. We have been able to follow all of these cases since operation. Seven and one-half years have elapsed since the first case was done. In our opinion the results are excellent and the operation can be recommended without reservation. Each of the patients voids a perfectly normal stream, without difficulty. A sound is passed on each of these cases once or twice a year to make certain that the calibre of the tube is maintained. In all but the first case a F. No. 26 sound can be passed with ease. In the first case a F. No. 22 sound can be passed with ease. The third patient treated by this method has since married, and has raised 2 normal children.


Knowledge discovery through data mining is the process of automatically extracting actionable information from data, that is, the information or knowledge found within data which provides insight beyond that which may be found by observing the cardinal state of the data itself. This process is human driven; there is always a human at the core. Knowledge discovery is inherently iterative, a human discovers information by posing questions to a data mining system, which in turn provides answers. New questions are developed upon receipt of these answers and these new questions are asked. Clearly these answers need to be provided in as timely a fashion as possible in order for the human at the core to form ideas and solidify hypotheses. Unfortunately many questions take too long to be answered to be useful to the human. Is there anything we can do to speed up the response to these questions if the answer is based in part upon answers previously provided? What we can do is when a query (question) is submitted (asked) to a data mining system, we can store the result (answer) as well as information about the result in a cache and then re-use this information to help respond to the next query in a more timely fashion. If a query partially contains a result which was found in the past, we can combine this information with new information to provide the result much faster than if we were to re-run a query incorporating no prior information.


Network-teaching and learning system is a new type of teaching and learning system.It has changed the methods of traditional teaching and learning.It can improve the teaching efficiency and student's enthusiasm.At present, the two models, that is, client/ server and browser/ server, are widely used in the teaching and learning system.After analyzed both the merits and the shortcomings of the two models, respectively, a Hybrid model was proposed in this article.In addition, the design of multimedia database and the technical realization of the model combined C/S with B/S was introduced and discussed.Based on the analysis, a new method is brought out for designing and implementing network-teaching and learning system using multimedia database technology.Visual Basic6.0 and Informix Web DataBlade are taken as main tools for designing and developing the presented system.During the process of system designing, more attention is pay on considering the characters and demands of the multimedia DataBase, and plenty of drawings, images and animations are used to achieved the friendly human-computer mutual interface and simple manipulative mode.The system also has enhanced searching and interactive functions and achieved very good expansibility to meet the requirement of different teachers and students.Also the system is easy to spread by internet.


WE PRESENT A NEW APPROACH to modeling dynamic ruptures on nonplanar faults. A fundamental challenge for modeling rupture dynamics on complicated fault networks using current techniques is dealing with the computational mesh. Generation of a mesh that is both faithful to the underlying fault structure and suitable for efficient computation is an open problem. Here, we test the possibility of using an extended finite element method, XFEM, for problems of repeated rupture.


This project is about digitalising the boarding process in the future context for KLM. This project has four phases: Research by explore the context and understand the stakeholders, Define the future vision and roadmap, Design a digital interface for the first horizon in the roadmap and lastly evaluation of the digital prototype. In the research phase, multiple research methods were conducted. The research phase has two parts, understanding the process and understanding the user. To get a thorough understanding of the process, internal documents reading, observation and expert interviews were conducted. After these research activities, the first list of problems was made, based on my personal perceiving. Afterwards, to understand how the stakeholders think about current process and tools, and also what is their desired future, more research was done with the three stakeholders: gate agents, managers and passengers. According to the results, the list of problems was revised adding the problems agents perceived. Besides the list of problems, a main problem was redefined for later design phase. In the second phase, a vision in five years were come up with, with three horizons step by step. The vision was designed considering all the different visions from different stakeholders and aiming at solving the main problem from research phase. Based on the vision and trends analysis, a cocreation session was conducted with four students, to generate ideas in this scope. Later, the ideas were mapped and divided into three horizons according to the importance and feasibility. The third phase started from looking deep into the first horizon in the roadmap. A design brief and a list of requirements were designed, under the context of the first horizon. Ideas were generated and finally two concepts were designed. After validating the two concepts with experts (two gate agents and a shiftleader), one concept was chosen for iteration. And iteration was made based on experts' feedback. Later on, a high-fidelity interactive prototype was made to describe the functions and to prepare the final user test. The last phase is user test and evaluation. Five gate agents as well as two service agents were recruited randomly to the test. Due to technical limitation, participants were asked to pretend to work using the prototype and give feedback about the design. Based on the interviews and questionnaires, the data analysis was conducted. The result shows that agents rate a high score for the user experience of the new prototype. The prototype is regarded as supportive, proactive and in control in general. Based on the feedback from the user test, improvements were made to finalize the design. Moreover, the conclusions were drawn for the whole project and recommendations were provided for the company.


The World Wide Web (WWW) has enjoyed phenomenal growth over recent years. It has been widely embraced as a standard infrastructure over which a variety of applications can be deployed. We are witnessing a growing number of professionals relying upon the Internet to perform their work. Collaboration tools enable teams of workers in disparate locations to work together using a variety of approaches. A similar revolution to that of the WWW is taking place within the mobile telecommunications domain, with a burgeoning requirement for wireless Internet access, via the wireless application protocol (WAP). The wireless application protocol (WAP) has been proposed as a way to get Internet (or a sort of Internet) to the small wireless and mobile devices, e.g. mobile phones, while accommodating for the special characteristics of such devices. Originally, WAP was designed with a gateway in the middle, acting as the interpreter between the Internet protocol stack and the wireless application protocol stack. The WAP gateway forwards web content to the mobile phone in a way intended to accommodate the limited bandwidth of the mobile network and the mobile phonepsilas limited processing capability. However, the gateway introduces a security hole, which renders WAP unsuitable for any security-sensitive services. Through a set of standard releases, primarily version 1.2.1 (June 2000) and version 2.0 (July2001), security issues have been addressed. This paper presents a framework that enables two or more mobile users to collaborate and exchange messages using mobile devices. The system is described provides on-line multi-user collaboration service based on the IRC (Internet relay chat) protocol, transmitted via WAP that offers a WML interface and We also discuss the security hole and the gateway-based design that has led to it, including the business and architectural considerations underlying the design. A number of ways to correct the situation are discussed, including application level security, which still hasnpsilat been fixed in the WAP 2.0 standard of the July 2001 release. Finally we observe, that although version 2.0 allows skipping the gateway thereby tightening security, the added cost is not negligible.


ABSTRACT The field of Counselling as a profession and that of Counselling Psychology is a relatively new and developing discipline in Greece. As in other European countries, it is only in recent years that this postgraduate training started to be delivered by a state/national University Institution in Greece. The present study focused on attempting to capture the qualitative experience of the first two cohorts of graduates from the first postgraduate programme in Counselling and Counselling Psychology delivered by the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens in collaboration with the Democritus University of Thrace. This data was collected via two focused group interviews using a thematic analysis approach which facilitated the immersion of the following main themes: motivating factors (for choosing such discipline), reflections on placements, the role of personal development, the evolving professional identity, issues of professional recognition, opportunities for employment, vision for the future. In conclusion, the participants expressed the opinion that the provision of such a postgraduate programme by a Greek University was delivered in a rigorous way with high standards and has equipped them with the reflexivity and critical thinking required to build their professional identity and influence the developments still to come.


In this paper, we give a relation between the Hilbert multiplicity and the irreducible multiplicity. As an application, we characterize Ulrich modules in term of the irreducible multiplicity.


(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is predominantly expressed in the collecting duct and is stimulated by angiotensin II (AngII) via the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 pathway but the function of PRR is unknown. We examined the effect of intramedullary delivery of a novel PRR decoy peptide PRO20 on AngII hypertension via an interstitial catheter chronically placed in the rat medulla. Telemetry showed that 1-wk AngII infusion (100 ng/kg/min) elevated MAP from 108 ± 5.8 to 164.7 ± 6.2 mmHg and this value was lowered to 110.2 ± 4.8 mmHg (p<0.05) by intramedullary PRO20 infusion (IMPRO) at 120μg/kg/d but was only modestly affected by intravenous PRO20 infusion (IVPRO) (day 7: 151.7 ± 4.4 mmHg). The indices of kidney injury including proteinuria (2.7-fold increase in urinary protein), glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis following AngII infusion were completely normalized by IMPRO so were the polyuria and downregulation of renal AQP2 protein expression. AngII infusion elevated urinary renin activity from 0.17 ± 0.013 to 9.3 ± 1.7 AngI ng/24h, which was reduced to 0.09 ± 0.04 AngI ng/24h by IMPRO. A similar pattern of changes in renin activity was observed in the inner medulla, contrasting to opposite changes in renal cortex and plasma. α-ENaC mRNA and protein were elevated 158% and 180%, respectively, in the inner medulla but not in the cortex or plasma, and the elevations were abolished by IMPRO. By chopstick electrodes, amiloride-sensitive sodium transport was increased from 13.06 ± 1.2 to 115.19 ± 7.5 Ieq μA/cm
 2
 by aldosterone, which was abolished by PRO20 (10.5 ± 3.75 Ieq μA/cm
 2
 ). Together, these results suggest that renal medullary PRR determines the hypertension likely via mediating the local renin response and the direct activation of ENaC during AngII infusion.


Results from the large hadron collider (LHC) show that no available Monte Carlo simulation incorporates our pre-LHC knowledge of soft and hard diffraction in a way that could be reliably extrapolated to LHC energies. As a simulation is needed to establish triggers, perform underlying event corrections and calculate acceptances, the lack of a robust simulation affects all measurements at the LHC. Particularly affected are the measurements of processes with large diffractive rapidity gaps, which constitute about one quarter of the inelastic cross section. In this paper, a previously described phenomenological model based on a saturation effect observed in single diffraction dissociation in pre-LHC data, validated by its successful application to several diffractive processes, is used to predict the total and total-inelastic proton-proton cross sections at the LHC. The prediction for the total-inelastic cross section at a center of mass collision energy of 7 TeV is compared with recent results from ATLAS and CMS.


The immune system can eliminate malignant cells or prevent tumor growth by recognizing and destroying malignant cells.Under the strong selective pressure from the host immune system,malignant cells can rapidly acquire new phenotypes through high somatic mutations to evade immune surveillance.The selected tumor cell variants make use of all kinds of immunosuppressive mechanisms to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment to resist and suppress antitumor immune response,allowing the tumors expend and become clinically detectable.The current tumor therapies mainly focus on the direct inhibition of tumor cell proliferation,as well as the killing and elimination of tumor cells.However,the growing evidence suggests that the conventional tumor therapies can elicit specific cellular responses that render tumor-cell death immunogenic,which may activate the innate immune signaling pathways and then induce the intrinsic anti-tumor immune responses.This potential mechanism plays a key role in the therapeutic effects of the conventional anticancer treatments,especially in preventing the recurrence of residual tumor cells.Here,we intend to demonstrate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the anti-tumor immune responses and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in the process of tumor development and the conventional anticancer treatments,especially focusing on their effects on the therapeutic effects of the conventional anticancer treatments.We also attempt to explore the rational therapeutic strategies targeting the components of tumor immune microenvironment,which may shed light on the improvement of the current conventional anticancer therapies and the development of new anticancer treatments.


Abstract : Linear elastic fracture mechanics has gained a substantial acceptance in industry and has become one of the most important design considerations. Many engineering structures such as airplanes, turbines, piping (pressure vessels), bridges, etc. contain pre-existing flaws. As a result of even rather moderate service loads, crack propagation resulting from these flaws can have a dramatic effect on the service life of the component. To account for this reduction in service life, fracture mechanics analysis in conjunction with a fracture control plan is generally implemented. A new crack element has been developed and incorporated into COSMIC/NASTRAN. The element is considered linear, isotropic, and homogeneous. Mode I and II stress intensity factors are automatically calculated. Comparisons to theoretical plane strain solutions for several geometries are presented and demonstrate the accuracy of the developed element. Extensions of the element to three dimensions, anisotropic material, and plastic analysis are discussed. Keywords: Singular Finite Elements.


Functional maintenance of the mammalian main olfactory epithelium (MOE) is challenging because of its direct exposure to a wide spectrum of environmental chemicals. We previously reported that transient receptor potential channel M5-expressing microvillous cells (TRPM5-MCs) in the MOE play an important role in olfactory maintenance. To investigate the underpinning mechanisms, we exposed transcription factor Skn-1a knockout (Skn-1a−/−) mice lacking TRPM5-MCs, and TRPM5-GFP mice to either vehicle (water) or a mixture of odorous chemicals and chitin for two weeks and analyzed the expression of olfactory signaling proteins using immunolabeling and neurotrophin (NT) and NT receptor (NTR) gene transcripts using real-time quantitative PCR. The chemical exposure did not significantly attenuate the immunolabeling of olfactory signaling proteins. Vehicle-exposed Skn-1a−/− and TRPM5-GFP mice expressed similar levels of NT and NTR gene transcripts in the MOE and olfactory bulb. Chemical exposure significantly increased MOE expression of p75NTR in Skn-1a−/− mice, while p75NTR expression was reduced in TRPM5-GFP mice, as compared to vehicle-exposed mice. Additionally, our RNA in situ hybridization analysis and immunolabeling confirmed MOE expression of most NTs and NTRs. Together, these results indicate that TRPM5-MCs and chemical exposure influence expression of some NTs and NTRs in the MOE and olfactory bulb (OB).


Two novel side-chain polymeric metal complexes (PF1 and PF2) containing 8-hydroxyquinoline and fluorene units with Zn(II) and Cd(II) having donor-acceptor π-conjugated structure have been synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, UV-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, elemental analysis and cyclic voltammetry. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on PF1 and PF2 as the dye sensitizers exhibit good device performance with solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency up to 0.32% (Jsc = 0.83 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.62 mV and FF = 0.62) and 0.24% (Jsc = 0.69 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.59 mV and FF = 0.60), respectively, under simulated AM 1.5 G solar irradiation (100 mW cm−2). The data show that these novel polymeric metal complexes are suitable for DSSCs. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry


The tourism industry is in the important state in the national economy, and the hotel industry is the important part of the tourism industry, and the medium and small sized hotels occupy certain market share because of the numerous quantity. Because the service qualities of medium and small sized hotels are different, so the service quality of the hotel is the nuclear content of hotel management. At present, the supply exceeds the demand in the global hotel market, and the competitions among hotels are very intense, and who can supply excellent service for customers, who can obtain predominance in the market and attract more customers and get good benefits, and so the service quality is the life of hotel. In China hotel industry, especially for medium and small sized hotels, their management methods are draggled and there service qualities are relatively low, so many problems exist in this industry. As viewed from customers, this article discusses the satisfactory degree measurement about medium and small sized hotels based on the SERVQUAL method put forward by Parsuraman and the domestic scholars' opinions about hotel service research, and analyzes the service quality problem of medium and small sized hotels and puts forward the project of improvement.


This paper has benefited from helpful conversations with Mark Anderson, Susan Athey, Janet Currie, Joe Doyle, Gautam Gowrisankaran, Ben Handel, Peter Hull, David Molitor, Dan Rees, and Maya Rossin-Slater. Thanks to Joe Doyle and John Graves for sharing their cleaned hospital quality data. We greatly appreciate the wonderful research assistant work of Anna Jaskiewicz and Amira Garewal. We thank participants at the following conferences and seminars for providing useful feedback: Hawaii Applied Micro One-Day Conference (2019), Society of Labor Economists Annual Meeting (2020), American Economic Association Annual Meetings (2021), University of Melbourne (2022), Monash University (2022), University of Virginia (2022), (2022), University of (2022), and University of California-Santa The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. ABSTRACT Over the last few decades, health care services in the United States have become more centralized. We study how the loss of hospital-based obstetric units in over 400 rural counties affect maternal and infant health via a difference-in-differences design. We find that closures lead to significant changes in obstetric practices such as inductions and C-sections. In contrast to concerns voiced in the public discourse, the effects on a range of maternal and infant health outcomes are negligible or slightly beneficial. While women travel farther to receive care, closures induce women to receive higher quality care.


The analysis of wireless network exhibits that network maintenance system is the major problem. In wireless networks computational methods degrade the performance and stability of the network. Architecture of Wireless Control Network (WCN) is an interconnection of nodes where each node maintains its position details and gets frequent updates from other nodes in linear combination of neighbour plant outputs. In previous structural system have less computation overhead and beneficial scheduling with compositionality properties. In our proposed system defines basic characteristics of topological conditions which allow us to stabilize the network. To achieve this by analyse the coupling between plant's and nodes in dynamic changing nature of network structure. Our system stabilizes the control inputs even though vertex connectivity of the network is very larger than the geometric multiplicity of unstable eigen values of the plant. The condition is alternative for typical min-cut condition is required in traditional information distribution problem. To overcome this by topological conditions regulates the network communication through plant's sensors and decentralized controllers at actuators with traditional code employed on