Over recent decades our knowledge about the psychological impact of disasters has increased exponentially. Hand in hand with this increase in understanding has been a dramatic growth in claims of effective intervention techniques and approaches which purport to mitigate the effects of exposure to traumatic events upon mental health. Furthermore, modern media reporting has made the general public all too aware of the frequency of disasters. Indeed, it is a rare day when we do not hear about a disaster, manmade or natural, somewhere in the world. As such the public frequently expect the authorities or another responsible organization to "do something" to alleviate the distress, and the less frequent cases of mental ill health, which disasters inevitably cause. So what should be done? As a general principle, we repeat what sadly continues to require frequent repetition. Just as we find it difficult to accept that the idea of a panic prone public is just a myth, we also find it difficult to accept that, in general, people are rather more resilient than people like us – experts – think they are. Be it psychiatrists, politicians or planners, there is a long history of overestimating vulnerability and underestimating resilience stretching back many generations. Towards the end of the last century, it became a commonly held belief that people who had been exposed to disasters or other traumatic events should be provided with psychological debriefing or immediate "trauma counseling". Critical incident stress debriefing, which was the first of these techniques to be developed in the late 1980s in the US, was a seven stage structured therapeutic intervention originally designed to be used with emergency responders. However, this technique was frequently used with those directly exposed to traumatic events as well. The original intent of this intervention, and indeed other forms of psychological debriefing, was to prevent the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However laudable the objective, it became clear that debriefing was a flawed process. Indeed, available evidence seems to strongly suggest that individuals provided with psychological debriefing approaches actually have poorer long-term mental health than those who are not debriefed at all. Such is the evidence against the use of debriefing that, outside of overly enthusiastic and non-evidence based guideline documents, it is now accepted that such techniques should not be routinely used. Instead, as the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommend in its PTSD management guidelines, watchful waiting for the first month after exposure to a traumatic event is current best practice. Another approach which is often used by organizations which routinely deploy staff to high threat environments (e.g., the military, emergency services) is to screen them after they return from such duties. Such screening aims to identify the presence of the early symptoms and signs of post-traumatic mental health difficulties in order to advise, or even mandate, that individuals who exhibit these signs seek professional help. Screening programs such as these are routinely used by the US, Canadian and Australian military with the intent of protecting the mental health of troops returning from operational deployments. Such screening programs are not easy or cheap to administer and there is some evidence from other health screening that they may cause considerable distress if people are incorrectly labelled as having a health problem when in fact they do not. In spite of their widespread use, until recently there was a distinct lack of evidence of their effectiveness. The first randomized controlled trial of post-deployment screening, carried out in the UK military, examined the potential benefits of screening in around 10,000 troops returning back from intense operations in Afghanistan. The results of the trial were that, some 15 months or so after returning from deployment, there was no apparent beneficial impact of screening in terms of either mental health status or help seeking. Whilst no evidence of harm was found in this study, its results call into question the usefulness of establishing such screening programs within organizations where staff members are likely to fear being stigmatized or having limitations placed on their career if they answer questions honestly. Given that many people recover spontaneously, and others do not become unwell for what might be a considerable period of time, the benefits of screening are always going to be much less than in disorders with a well-established trajectory, such as cervical cancer. Whilst population screening and that within organizational settings has not been found to be effective, selected screening programs for those at high risk has shown promise. In the aftermath of the London bombing of 2005, a "screen and treat program" was set up for those directly affected in the trains and bus that were attacked. This is a very different situation from, for example, well-trained professionals with established social ties returning from deployment where the expected prevalence of disorder is low. Evaluation of this program suggested that it was able to attract many people who had not otherwise sought care, and many of those who were found to need treatment recovered with the care they received. Although the results of screening programs are mixed and the use of debriefing is to be avoided, recent decades have provided some positive findings in respect of improving mental health after disasters. There is good evidence that social support both within communities and organizations can be highly protective of mental health. For instance, within the military, camaraderie has been shown to be protective of troop's mental health both whilst deployed and when in safer environments.


Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has traditionally been considered a serious respiratory pathogen only in infants or severely immunocompromised adults. This study indicates that the virus may cause pneumonia in other populations as well.

As part of a large, population-based study of pneumonia in …


Technology enhanced learning is used in the Ocean and Mechanical Engineering Department at Florida Atlantic University to optimize and enhance students learning. Florida Engineering Education Delivery System (FEEDS) is used for delivering graduate and undergraduate courses to student over the internet. The lectures can be viewed by students any where and at any time through the streaming videos posted in blackboard. Web-based simulation and visualization or interactive modules are used to complement student learning achieved through physical laboratories and conventional class room. Citrix System, blackboard and digital writing pad are used for delivering information technology (IT) solutions that enhance and expand the educational experience for engineering students. The integration of education and information technology into academic environment will be discussed in this paper.


This delivery, halfway through the project, proves that six test sites are established with the intermediate GiraffPlus system installed and running. Hence, the project has succeeded in taking the ...


This book provides an introduction to the development and content of Samuel Palmer's life and art. Written primarily for general readers, it also contains much of interest to art historians and to students at all levels. It is illustrated by more colour plates than any previous book on Palmer. An introduction, outlining the artist's life and background, is followed by commentaries on seventy-five of his works including, in addition to paintings, drawings important to the development of his work, and three etchings closely related to his painting. Palmer's intensely poetic vision, his debts to other artists, including Blake and Claude, his sources in literature, especially in the Bible, Milton, Virgil and Bunyan, are all discussed. His techniques are also described and related to individual works.


Keys and illustrations are presented for the identification of the adults of the three subfamilies, five genera, and 16 species of Micropezidae known to occur in Canada and Alaska. Four new species are described: Cnodacophora immaculata, C. subarctica, Compsobata columbiana, and Micropeza chillcotti. Distribution maps are provided for each species.


A topic that has not been sufficiently analyzed is that the global warming is already affecting, and that it will have worst consequences in those regions with transitional climates, which have more sensibility to changes. This is the case of the Yucatan Peninsula which is semi-arid in their northern portion, and toward the south is subhumid, with a tendency to be more rainy toward the south. To have an estimation of what could happen in the future, the Intergovernmental Panel of Climatic Change (IPCC) has promoted the use of General Circulation Models (GCM), as well as the construction of possible emission scenarios that integrate different global and regional socioeconomic and demographic conditions, which project then a possible increase of emissions of greenhouse gases. These conditions are recognized as the decisive forces that will determine the variations of temperature and of precipitation. These projections are useful for the analysis of climatic change, and in particular for the assessments of the possible impacts and of the initiatives of adaptation and of mitigation that should be implemented in every country or region. In Mexico, most of those evaluations of climate change have been carried out generally at country level. For that reason, it is necessary to direct the research at regional level.


An estimated 42% of Americans use complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) and some 50% of cancer patients routinely combine them with conventional care, despite lack of evidence on safety and efficacy. Herbal products are one of the most frequently used approaches as reflected by the 70% increase in market sales to $3.24 billion in 1997. As cancer incidence and survival time increase, the population seeking herbal therapy approaches is expected to increase also. Thus, scientific evaluation of herbals is critical. This position paper provides a rationale for such evaluations. The perspectives from manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and clinicians are presented, as well as the need for a multidisciplinary collaboration. We present guidelines for developing Investigational New Drug (IND) applications for heterogeneous botanicals and address challenges inherent in the process.


The utility model relates to a height adjusting device of a hand-propelled quadricycle for the disabled, comprising a pin pipe assembly and a vehicle frame support pipe which is connected with the hand-propelled quadricycle frame and supports the vehicle frame; the pin pipe assembly comprises wheels and wheels support pipes which are connected with the wheels; the wheels support pipes are detachably connected with the vehicle frame support pipe; and the wheels support pipes retractably slide relative to the vehicle frame support pipe. The height adjusting device of the healing vehicle also comprises a lock element for locking and fixing the wheels support pipes and the vehicle frame support pipe when the vehicle frame support pipe is connected with the wheels support pipes. The height adjusting device of the hand-propelled quadricycle for the disabled can adjust the height of the hand-propelled quadricycle for the disabled, having the advantages of convenient package and transport and the like. The utility model also relates to a hand-propelled quadricycle for the disabled adopting the height adjusting device of the hand-propelled quadricycle for the disabled.


Currently, the digital economy contributes decisively to an increase in competitiveness, especially as a digital transformation involves migrating to new technological models where digital marketing is a key part of growth and user loyalty strategies. Internet and Digital Marketing have become important factors in campaigns, which attract and retain Internet users. This study aims to identify the main ways in which users can be gained and retained by using Digital Marketing. The Delphi method with in-depth interviews was the methodology used in this study. The results of the research show the most important actions for achieving user recruitment and loyalty with Digital Marketing from the opinions of consulted experts. The limitations of this study are those related to the number of experts included in the study, and the number of research papers consulted in the literature review. The literature review and the results of this research are used to propose new solid research with a consolidated critical methodology. This research deals with a new approach that will optimize web technologies for the evolution of user trends, and therefore, will be of academic and professional use for marketing managers and web solution developers. The conclusions of the investigation show the key factors, discarding others that do not affect the optimization of conversions in B2C businesses such as the duration of the session and the rebound percentage. Likewise, the results of the research identify the specific actions that must be carried out to attract and retain users in B2C companies that use the Digital Marketing ecosystem on the Internet. The requirements for companies that wish to implement a model to optimize conversions using the current digital economy are also shown.


The poet and dramatist, Federico García Lorca, has had an extraordinary
 popularity since his death in 1936. His poems have been translated into
 numerous languages and his plays acted in many countries. In the United
 States his popularity has been much greater among amateur theatrical groups
 than on the professional stage, where, it must be admitted, his success has
 been very mediocre. But among the amateurs, and especially here in
 Minnesota, his works have been performed repeatedly. Every one of his
 principal plays has been acted in this state, and a number of them on more
 than one occasion.


Objective:Cantharidin(CA)is recently used as anti-tumor natural medicine in many cancers including bladder carcinoma,but the mechanisms are poorly understood.This study is aimed to explore the inhibit effects of CA and its derivative-norcantharidin(NCTD)on bladder squamous cell carcinoma(BSCC)in vitro.Method:Cultured BSCCs were treated with CA or NCTD at different concentrations for 12h,24h,36h,48h and 60h,then cell viability was measured by MTT assay.After treated by CA and NCTD at optimized concentrations,BSCC cellular morphological changes were also investigated by using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope(LSCM)and Electron Microscope.Result:Both CA and NCTD were able to decrease BSCC viability in time dependent and dose dependent manners;the maximum effect dose was 60μmol/L.When cells were treated with CA or NCTD at 60μmol/L for 24hor 36h,apoptosis was induced in BSCC,more apoptotic bodies were founded in CA group.Conclusion:Our findings provide new details concerning the toxicity of CA and NCTD towards BSCC.Both CA and NCTD induced apoptosis in BSCC,CA showed more cytotoxic effect than to NCTD.CA will be helpful to medicine therapy of BSCC.This knowledge provides a basis for chemotherapeutic development of bladder carcinoma.


Updated solvent usage data for the year 2002 has been developed for the EPA's Emission Inventory Group for eleven (11) nonpoint source categories that are common to many volatile organic compound (VOC) emission inventories. These categories are: Architectural Surface Coating, Automobile Refinishing, Consumer and Commercial Products, Dry Cleaning, Graphic Arts, Industrial Adhesive and Sealants, Industrial Coating Operations, Pesticide Application, Process Solvents (and other operations), Surface Cleaning (degreasing), and Traffic Paints. The methodology for developing the estimates uses a material mass balance approach that begins with national solvent production and consumption estimates for a category derived from sales and other market data, and accounts for point source contributions using facility estimates submitted to the EPA. National solvent utilization is allocated to states and counties using population and business activity data, as appropriate for the category. This approach to estimating solvent consumption and emissions will be used in the National Emission Inventory (NEI) as the new EPA "Solvent Mass Balance" method for estimating VOC emissions from these sources. The resulting nonpoint source VOC estimates for the 11 categories represent improved emission estimates for a sizeable portion of the overall VOC inventory. This paper describes the new material "Solvent Mass Balance" methodology and compares the new EPA estimates to existing 1999 NEI estimates and 2002 State-submitted estimates for the nonpoint solvent source categories.


Indicator assembly having a first and second light sources to be positioned is disclosed with respect to the surface. Overlap region, depending on the relative intensities of the two light sources are formed between the second light source and the first light source, visual for and / or other instruments that transmits information to a user used to provide an indicator.


Results of the dielectric oxide films deposited at 300 °C using tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane/oxygen chemistry in a reactor with electron cyclotron resonance microwave discharge are presented. We have found that quality oxide is deposited with an O2/tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane flow‐rate ratio of greater than 3. The properties of the deposited films are characterized by prism coupler, infrared spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and triangular voltage sweep measurements. The deposition rate using tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane is found to be about four times higher than tetraethylorthosilicate under similar processing conditions. We have obtained oxide films with superior quality (both material and electrical properties) at a deposition rate of 5000 A/min. The step coverage of oxide is found to be excellent when rf bias is applied on the substrate during the deposition. We have demonstrated that trenches with aspect ratios ≥1.50 can be filled without voids. D...


Music emotion is a crucial component in the field of multimedia database retrieval and computational musicology. Nowadays, the large online musical datasets are major challenges for searching, retrieving, and organizing the music content. Therefore, there is a need for robust automatic music emotion classifier system for organizing various music pieces into different classes according to the specific viable information. Two fundamental components are to be considered for music emotion classification: audio feature extraction and classifier design. In this paper, we propose diverse audio features to precisely characterize the music content. The feature sets belong to four groups: dynamic, rhythmic, spectral, and harmonic. From the features, five statistical parameters are considered as representatives, including the fourth-order central moments of each feature as well as covariance components. The large number of insignificant parameters is controlled by minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR) algorithm and principal component analysis (PCA). Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier to classify the music mood.


Using the whale course situation as a work organization the author was able to teach an introductory management course in which the students experienced key organizational processes: leadership, decision making, problem solving, communication, conflict, cooperation and competition. This experience approximates the organizational reality better than a conventional course. Two classes (110, 40) of business seniors in a midwestern university participated in the experiment. This paper reports the rationale, methodology and caveats of this experiment.


Objective To determine the clinical value of intraoperative cholangiography via cystic duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Clinical data of 126 patients with gallstone undertaken cholangiography via cystic duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Results In patients with relative common bile duct (CBD) exploration indications, negative rate of stone was 91% with intraoperative cholangiography via cystic duct, residual stone rate and lesions of CBD rate were postoperatively zero in patients receiving intraoperative cholangiography. Conclusion Via cystic duct cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is beneficial to reducing negative rate of CBD exploration and avoiding unnecessary CBD exploration. Meanwhile, it is a good measure for reducing residual stone rate and biliary duct injury after operation.


We solve the inhomogeneous Chebyshev's differential equation and apply this result to obtain a partial solution to the Hyers-Ulam stability problem for the Chebyshev's differential equation.


Dear Editor, Cigarette smoking has destructive effect on periodontal tissue. The rates of loss of periodontal attachment and recession of gingival are higher in smokers than non-smokers (1-2). Previous studies on the inflammatory immune responses in smokers' periodontitis have mainly focused on the role of neutrophils. Tumor necrosis factor–α, prostaglandin E2 and matrix metalloproteinase-8 have been shown to rise in smokers with periodontitis (3-4). Different functions of mast cells and eosinophils in inflammatory immune responses make them distinctive cells in disease pathogenesis (5-6). In an investigation, our team examined the effect of smoking on mast cells density in chronic periodontitis. The study showed that the mean number of mast cells in smokers was significantly lower compared to the non-smokers. Based on the literature, no research was found regarding the effect of cigarette smoking on eosinophil cells in human periodontitis. Eosinophils and mast cells regulate the hypersensitivity reactions by affecting each other function (5). Thus, in the next study, we examined this issue on the same samples. The results revealed that the number of eosinophil count in smokers was significantly lower than non-smokers. Considering the findings of both studies on decreased number of mast cells and eosinophils in the same samples, it seems that cigarette smoke had an apoptotic function on extra-vascular immune inflammatory related cells in human periodontitis. According to our opinion, with the death of mast cells and eosinophils, a cascade of different events occurs in the microenvironment of gingiva which causes more tissue damage in the smokers. The apoptotic effect of cigarette smoke on gingival connective tissue must be studied in the enzymatic level.The Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/Carbon Monoxide (CO) system demand to explain the pathogenesis of diseases by using the basic metabolism and enzymatic activities. HO-1 has a regulatory action on inflammatory signaling programs. CO is an end-product of HO-1. CO affects the apoptosis and cellular inflammation by modulating the inflammatory related cytokines. Modulating the HO-1 and application of CO-releasing molecules are new therapeutic strategies in inflammatory diseases (7). Based on our previous findings, we suggest that further study on HO-1/CO can probably determine the effect of cigarette smoke on inflammatory immune cells in human chronic periodontitis. The system can be potentially considered as a therapeutic target in inflammatory disease of periodontium in cigarette smokers. Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.


Over the last years the energy market has shown major diversification in terms of generation sources, trading and contracting mechanisms. Market agents are exposed to regulatory, physical and financial risks due to certain aspects of this change, with impacts in the decision-making process and business, especially those related to investments in the sector. On the other hand, a common feature of electricity markets is the existence of a central authority managing the system, or at least monitoring it. On that basis, the diversification process reveals the need for major decentralization of energy markets.


The aim of this study was to determine urea concentration in blood and milk in a group of dairy goats and the relationship between both parameters. Protein and energy content of the ration were also studied. Three dairy herds were selected and 60 goats randomly selected in each. Goats were separated finto three groups (of 20 animals each) according to their stage of lactaton: 3 to 6 weeks, 4 months and 8 months of lactation. Blood and milk samples were obtained during the first milking of the day. Urea concentrations (mmol/l) were determined by colorimetric methods. To establish protein (g/day) and energy (ME, Mcal/day) of the ration fed to each group, a proximal chemical analysis was performed. High and signifzcant correlations (p and second stage of lactation, showing that milk urea could be used as an indicator of urea concentration in blood, being a milk sample easier to obtain. In every herd, imbalances were found between protein and energy contents of the ration supplied and animals requirements, reflected through high urea concentrations in blood and milk.


Starting from a text-to-speech conversion program (Carlson & Granstrom, 1975), a note-to-tone conversion program has been developed (!Xmdberg & ~rydh, 1985). It works with a set of ordered ...


Parental, F1, F2, BC1, BC2, BC11, BC12, BC21, BC22, BC1 self-pollinated and BC2 self-pollinated generations of three crosses involving six cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) were studied for flag leaf length under normal and late sown environments to analyse the nature of gene effects. For most crosses the 10-parameter model was the best descriptor of the data to account for the variability in generation means of this trait but in cross HI 8062×JNK-4W-128 the 6-parameter model was the best (normal sown) while in cross Raj 911×DWL 5002 the 3-parameter model was the best (late sown). Of the epistatic interactions, dominance×dominance (l) and dominance×dominance×dominance (z) played significantly greater roles in controlling the inheritance of this trait. Absolute totals of non-fixable gene effects were much higher than the fixable gene effects in all the crosses in both the environments, indicating the greater roles of non-additive effects in controlling the inheritance of flag leaf length in durum wheat cultivars. Significant partial dominance was observed frequently in most of the crosses. Significant heterosis was attributed to combined effects of dominance×dominance (l), additive×additive×dominance (x) and dominance×dominance×dominance (z) epistatic interactions in the cross Cocorit 71×A-9-30-1 under late sown environment. Biparental mating and/or diallel selective mating, which exploit both fixable and non-fixable components, have been suggested for the improvement of this trait in durum wheat cultivars.


The rapid development of information and communication technologies, their escalation in all spheres of our life led to the formation of a new economic era the digital economy, which is the key driver of acceleration of economic growth. This fact is generally acknowledged both in the scientific community and at all levels of government in the Russian Federation. Proof of this is the state program "Digital economy of the Russian Federation", which was approved by Government Order of July 28, 2017 No. 1632-r. The purpose of the program is to create favorable conditions in Russia for the development of digital economy institutions within the framework of the participation of the state, business community and citizens, and to ensure, on the basis of this, sustainable growth rates of the national economy. One of the main tasks, contributing to the achievement of this purpose, is the creation of new approaches to the organization of the service sector, production and trading sectors, that take into account the achievements of the digital economy and are effective in the development of a global digital ecosystem. In the context of specified objective, the study of these approaches in the field of financial management of Russian trading companies seems relevant. It should be noted, that the trading sector has a special place in the digital economy, as it is developing at the fastest rate due to the growth of electronic trade, the emergence and development of marketplaces and various digital marketing tools. Moreover, most Russian trading companies are characterized by a very conservative approach to financial management. The transition to the digital economy involves a change in the methods and tools of financial management, focused on making timely decisions in order to ensure financial stability and prevent bankruptcy. The subject of this study is the methodological tools for predicting bankruptcy of a company. The purpose of the study: to improve the methodological tools for assessing the probability of bankruptcy of a trading company through the development of the author's three-factor model. The methodological basis of the study was the logical structural analysis and synthesis, methods of correlation and regression analysis, matrix method. Main results: 1. The analysis of the effectiveness of applying 15 models for assessing the probability of bankruptcy is carried out on the example of 200 Russian trading companies. A number of shortcomings was identified, that limit the effectiveness of their practical application. 2. A three-factor model of predicting the probability of bankruptcy of a trading company is developed by authors, taking into account the most important financial and economic aspects of its activity: economic stability, financial independence and profitability.


With China's reform and opening-up,the socialist market economy has been gradually established and developed.Accordingly,shortcomings of the traditional pension insurance system that adapts to the planned economy are increasingly exposed as an obstacle to the economic development.Therefore,it is imperative to reform the existing pension insurance system and establish a new system with Chinese characteristics.This paper attempts to analyze the necessity and feasibility of reforming the present pension insurance system by studying the reality of the current situation.Then,several suggestions will be put forward so as to develop and improve our pension insurance system.


Premature lysis of subarachnoid blood clots by thrombolytic substances such as urokinase and plasmin has been shown to be efficacious in preventing cerebral vasospasm in clinical and experimental investigations. Recently, tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) derived from recombinant deoxyribonucleic


This thesis analyzes dynamics of Public-Private Partnership contractual arrangements and focuses on uncovering reasons of the disintegration (renegotiation and/or cancellation) of such contracts. It looks in detail at a specific case of a contractual arrangement of concessioning of the Tanzania Railway Corporation (TRC), a backbone of the corridor that links the landlocked Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda, as well as the eastern DRC and the hinterland of Tanzania, to the port of Dar es Salaam. This research first concludes that such widely acknowledged causes as information incompleteness and asymmetry (contract-related explanations) and opportunistic behavior and strategic alliance-making (non-contractual explanations) cannot fully explain disintegration of a particular contractual arrangement. It then builds upon a case study to extend existing explanations of contract failure and renegotiation by drawing on organizational and alliance theories and explains which characteristics of the institutional context make the detrimental effects of particular causes possible.


Male rats lacking the ETB receptor (ETB def) exhibit salt‐sensitive hypertension due to impaired renal sodium handling. Given that females generally have a reduced incidence of salt‐sensitive hypertension compared to males, we hypothesized that female ETB def rats are better able to excrete a salt load compared to males. ETB def and genetic control rats of both sexes were implanted with telemetry transmitters to monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP) and given at least a week to recover. Following several days of baseline urine collection in 12 hr light/dark increments, rats were given a single 900µEq Na salt load (NaCl) by oral gavage at the beginning of their active (7pm‐7am, dark) or inactive (7am‐7pm, light) period. Urine was again collected in 12 hr intervals for several more days. We previously showed that ETB def males excrete significantly less salt during the initial 12 hr following an acute salt load whether given at the beginning of the active or inactive period compared to genetic controls, an effect that was more pronounced when the salt load was given prior to the inactive period. ETB def females excreted significantly more salt vs. ETB def males following the acute salt load given during the beginning of the active period (673 ± 111 vs. 320 ± 98µEq Na/12hr, P<0.05) and again showed an improved natriuresis vs. ETB def males following a salt load given at the start of the inactive period (183 ± 60 vs. 50 ± 91µEq Na/12hr). There was no significant effect of the salt loading on MAP in any group, although both male and female ETB def rats had significantly elevated MAP compared to controls. These data show that despite the loss of the ETB receptor, females excrete an acute salt load more efficiently than males.


SUMMARY Methods for generalized linear models are extended to provide estimates of location and variance parameters for mixed models fitted to binomial data formed by classifying samples from an underlying normal distribution. The method estimates the parameters directly on the underlying scale. For a balanced one-way random effects model, the variance estimator simplifies to the usual analysis of variance one. The estimation of variances and the prediction of random effects for binomial traits is required by animal breeders. The predictors given are analogous to best linear unbiased predictors (Henderson, 1973) but differ from those presented by Harville & Mee (1984).


A new generalized pair of space-correlation and wave-number spectrum functions, which has properties indicated by fluid dynamics and by intuition, is proposed. In contrast with previously used combinations, both are analytic functions and smooth and cover the complete range of their arguments. For example, the spectrum form can apply to all wave numbers rather than to any limited portion, such as the inertial range. Whenever convolution is necessary, it becomes a routine computer calculation. Furthermore, the correlation function has a zero first derivative and a negative second derivative at the origin, giving both an integral scale and a microscale for the turbulence. The spectrum function can have an inertial region with some power-law decay for intermediate wave numbers and has an exponential decay for very large wave numbers. There are three adjustable parameters, determined by experiment, namely, the spectral power-law decay index, the turnover point where this power law starts, and the turnover poi...


There are several methods and technologies for comparing the statements, comments, strings, identifiers, and other visible elements of source code in order to efficiently identify similarity. In a prior paper we found that comparing the whitespace patterns was not precise enough to identify copying by itself. However, several possible methods for improving the precision of a whitespace pattern comparison were presented, the most promising of which was an examination of the sequences of lines with matching whitespace patterns. This paper demonstrates a method of evaluating the sequences of matching whitespace patterns and a detailed study of the method's reliability.


China's leisure diving tourism has made gratifying achievements in the past years. It is necessary to evaluate the leisure diving tourism's development level, and then the disadvantages of the leisure diving tourism can be found and the effective measures can be taken to develop the leisure diving tourism in China. A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the bat algorithm is proposed to solve the shortcomings of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, which lacks a theoretical basis and completely depends on experience. Firstly, the basic conception of leisure diving tourism is discussed. Also, the main affecting factors of leisure diving tourism are analyzed. The evaluation model of leisure diving tourism developing level is constructed based on the fuzzy comprehensive method. The weight of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is optimized by the bat algorithm to realize the optimal selection of weight. The fuzzy evaluation matrix is used to construct the judgment matrix to determine the weight of each evaluation index, and the bat algorithm is used to adaptively select the weight of the judgment matrix. Finally, three diving clubs are used as research objects to carry out evaluation analysis The results show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can effectively obtain the developing level of leisure diving tourism.


Abstract There is a consensus that family involvement is key to academic achievement. However, it is often difficult to keep parents involved, particularly when they lack the time or academic knowledge. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact on achievement in mathematics among adolescent children when involving parents from low-income communities in the learning process. This involvement is achieved through activities that do not include any formal curricular content. A randomly selected group of parents was nudged, via text message (SMS), to complete short and simple weekly activities with their children. The teacher then connected these activities to the curricular content in class. The results reveal that, on average, the intervention increased the students' math grade point average (GPA) by 0.488 standard deviations (p < .05) more than students whose parents only received administrative text messages. This effect remains over time, extending into the following school year. These findings highlight the power of behavioral nudges that encourage positive parent–student exchanges.


The hydro turbine harnesses kinetic energy in the form of flowing water and converts it to electrical energy by means of a turbine and generator. Compared to solar energy, hydroelectric power has significantly larger energy density. Our visions with the hydro turbine was to take the concept of this energy converting mechanism and size it down to a portable, compact device that can be carried by hand, stored in a backpack, and easily transported for charging anything from a cell phone to a laptop, anywhere. In remote places due to frequent power cuts the alternate source of energy for house hold power requirements is very essential. Also, it is necessary that this source should be portable and easily operated by common man. . The goal of this project is to design and build a micro-hydro electric power system for use in rural parts of India which do not currently have power, but do have access to streams and small waterfalls. This paper focuses on the design, integration, and construction of a system that harnesses energy from flowing water. . The generator could not output the specified power. Details of the design along with ideas for further improvement are presented in this report. keywordPortable, Rotating Blade, 3D printing, hydropower, energy conversion. INTRODUCTION Hydroelectric power is produced when water turns a turbine connected to a generator. This water is stored behind a dam at elevation. Gravity causes water to drop toward a turbine propeller. The falling water turns the turbine which produces power through the connected generator. Hydroelectric power, or hydroelectricity, is basically electrical energy that has been generated using natural forces such as gravity or flowing water. It's usually produced by dams, because dams can store and direct large volumes of water. But it is too costly. The purpose of this project is to design and fabricate low head water turbine which should be economical. Micro-hydro refers to projects that generate between 0.5 kW and 100 kW of power, which is the amount of power typically required by a single family home or a small business. Small hydrokinetic systems fall within this micro-hydro category and offer portability.The design of the portable hydro turbine takes into consideration many specifications and constraints that are ideal for a great product. The hydro turbine harnesses kinetic energy in the form of flowing water and converts it to electrical energy by means of a turbine and generator. Compared to solar energy, hydroelectric power has significantly larger energy density. Our vision with the hydro turbine was to take the concept of this energy converting mechanism and size it down to a portable, compact device that can be carried by hand, stored in a backpack, and easily transported for charging anything from a cell phone to a laptop, anywhere. LITERATURE SURVEY Damodhar R,Mruthyunjaya K N,Naveen, K Pavan Prabhakar, Rakhesh H S [1]In this paper a water turbine is designed and fabricated based on the ideals of Tesla's turbine. The main aim of this turbine is to utilize the kinetic energy and potential energy of conventional water supply.Tesla's turbine is a bladeless turbine which uses series of rotating discs to covert fluid flow energy into mechanical energy .The reason for selecting this turbine is its simplicity in the design and concept. The purpose of this project is to design and fabricate low head water turbine based on Tesla's turbine design. Based on Tesla's model modifications are planned to the design to improve the efficiency. The modifications planned so that the turbine is made suitable for low head applications.The turbine can be used in remote locations where there is shortage or no supply of electricity. Since it is portable it can be carried easily and used where a source of water is available to generate power. W.C. Schleicher, J.D. Riglin, A. Oztekin[2]In this paper various blade designs are characterized and compared in terms of torque and thrust over a range of operating conditions.Micro-hydro refers to projects that generate between 0.5 kW and 100 kW of power, which is the amount of power typically required by a single family home or a small business. Small hydrokinetic systems fall within this micro-hydro category and offer portability.Various blade designs are characterized and compared in terms of torque and thrust over a range of operating conditions.The portable hydrokinetic turbines, designed and characterized here, do not require large civil structures, making this technology an attractive alternative to conventional hydropower. Avtar S. Khalsa[3]The main aim of this research paper is to build a micro-hydro electric power system for use in rural parts of India which do not have access to streams and small waterfalls. According to the most recent Indian census, there are 593,732 total villages in India, of which 488,173 have power. This means a whopping 17.8% of villages in India do not have power. When one further considers that more than two thirds of India's enormous population lives in these small villages, it becomes clear that this is a problem that affects millions of people. The need for an inexpensive source of power in India is very significant © 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIRBB06042 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 198 CONCEPTUAL DESIGN Below is a concept of what we expect our portable hydro turbine to look like and we have also started some conceptual sketches of how the mechanism will function. Figure:Conceptual deaign 1. Housing for generator 2. Moving turbine blade 3. Shaft support (bearings) 4. DC generator 5. Shaft DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS  Portability o Maximum envelope of 15x15x20 cm3 o Lightweight  Economical o More affordable than current solar technology (under $100)  Waterproof o Water-tight enclosures housing electronic components  High Power Output o 30-40 Watts  Robust o Durable and wear-resistant materials and construction o Blades capable of withstanding maximum expected loads  User-Friendly o Quick and easy to set up CALCULATIONS Theoretical power that can be generated by a hydroturbine can be calculated as below:


This paper presents a tire–road friction coefficient estimation method based on the six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DoF) vehicle body acceleration. The key principle of the proposed method is to estimate the tire–road friction coefficient from the accelerations at the tire. A vehicle model is applied to the 6-DoF vehicle body acceleration to derive longitudinal, lateral, and normal accelerations at each tire. Then, the recursive least squares (RLS) method is applied to the accelerations thus derived to estimate the tire–road friction coefficient. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it can be implemented with a 6-DoF accelerometer, which may be available in today's passenger vehicles equipped with accelerometers and gyroscopes. The method was validated with experiments in a passenger sedan, which demonstrates that the method is able to estimate tire–road friction coefficients accurately in real time during longitudinal emergency braking.


Reproduction is the key to livestock production especially in goats that have high reproduction potential. Estrus synchronization is useful for rhythmic coordinated variation in reproductive hormones along with level of serum metabolites. Present study was conducted to evaluate variations of important blood biochemical metabolites in Surti goats under different estrus synchronization protocols. 18 Surti goats were divided equally (n=6) in 3 groups, viz., G1, G2 and G3 (control). G1 and G2 groups were injected i/m with GnRH analogue, Buserelin acetate 4.2 μg, on day 0 and 11 and PGF2α analogue, Dinoprost tromethamine 10 mg, on day 9. Progestogen sponge was also kept intravaginal in G1 group on day 0 and removed on day 11 before Buserelin injection. G3 group acted as control and received placebo of 2 ml normal saline simultaneous to treatment groups. Blood was collected on day 0, 5th, 11th, on the day of estrus and on day 30th post-estrus/mating for analysis of serum glucose, total protein and cholesterol. Levels of glucose, total protein and cholesterol varied non-significantly between groups, but within the group total cholesterol levels increased significantly (p < 0.01) at 11th day of treatment and on the day of estrus with a drop on day 30th post-estrus, highlighting its role in estrus and pregnancy. On the day of estrus, coefficient of variation was minimum for cholesterol in both G1 and G2. Thus, it was concluded that synchronization protocols of GPG with intravaginal progestagen and GPG alone did not significantly alter serum glucose, total protein and cholesterol but effectively minimized variation of total cholesterol on the day of estrus.


Representations of culture on the card plane are by no means a recent practice. However, the current technologies of card design in Magic: The Gathering [1] have codified cultural representation into a discrete set of processes and tools that are both agile and expansive. This paper argues that the use of resonance as a conceptual tool has led to the development of representational design practices that allow for the wide-scale codification of culture into game mechanics. Further, resonance is theorized as both a design orientation and tool which is inherently skewed towards reproducing cultural stereotypes and perpetuating practices of colonial representation. The concept of resonance is then explored through the vantage point of Magic design in Amonkhet, the game's version of ancient Egypt, along with its resulting core design architecture. The purpose of this paper is to reposition resonance at the center of card design analysis as a critique.


The vibration response of a structural member changes due to the presence of crack because crack introduced local flexibility in it. Depending upon the vibration amplitude the crack may be of open or close type. Crack gives catastrophic failure to the structure hence it is very crucial to understand the dynamic of the structure. In the inverse problem, vibrating properties like natural frequency, resonance amplitude can be used as a basic criterion in crack detection or in design of structures. Previously, a mathematical model was developed by W. M. Ostachowicz and M. Krawczuk for the cantilever beam which has two open double-sided v-shape cracks. This model is used to find the natural frequency and characteristics roots in bending mode. The aim of this study is to prove whether the developed mathematical model can be used for rectangular shape cracks because in various applications existence of v shape and rectangular shape cracks are very general. For this reason, results of v-shape cracked cases are used as a reference model. Modal analysis is done by using ANSYS software to get the pure bending natural frequencies of the various cracked cases. Then the same mathematical model is used for rectangular shape cracked cases to calculate the characteristics roots. The value of characteristics roots obtained for a v-shape crack by W. M. Ostachowicz and M. Krawczuk and a rectangular shape crack cases studied are in good agreement. Hence it proves the flexibility of the model developed with v-shape cracks. In addition to this, the effect of two double-sided cracks on the characteristics roots is studied for all the cracked cases given in the reference model. It is found that as crack depth increases at any unique location then natural frequency decreases. At last location even though crack depth increases value of natural frequency almost remains constant.


The results of an LCAO—MO calculation for the boron hydrides and hydride ions B2H6, B4H10, B5H9, B5H11, B6H10, B9H15, B10H14, B10H16, BH4—, B3H8—, B9H14—, B10H10—2, B10H14—2, B12H12—2 are reported. Charge distributions and overlap populations are calculated from the wavefunctions for real distances and for idealized molecules with all distances equal. The three‐center bond theory is extended to incorporate unsymmetric equivalent structures with concomitant improvement in charge distributions. These are compared with the presumably better LCAO—MO charges. The valence structure of a new boron hydride, B18H22, is discussed.


Aeromonas hydrophila recently has received increased attention because it is opportunistic and a primary human pathogen. A. hydrophila biofilm formation and its control are a major concern for food safety because biofilms are related to virulence. Therefore, we investigated biofilm formation, motility inhibition, quorum sensing, and exoprotease production of this opportunistic pathogen in response to various glucose concentrations from 0.05 to 2.5% (wt/vol). More than 0.05% glucose significantly impaired (P , 0.05) quorum sensing, biofilm formation, protease production, and swarming and swimming motility, whereas bacteria treated with 0.05% glucose had activity similar to that of the control (0% glucose). A stage shift biofilm assay revealed that the addition of glucose (2.5%) inhibited initial biofilm formation but not later stages. However, addition of quorum sensing molecules N-3-butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone and N-3-hexanoyl homoserine lactone partially restored protease production, indicating that quorum sensing is controlled by glucose concentrations. Thus, glucose present in food or added as a preservative could regulate acyl-homoserine lactone quorum sensing molecules, which mediate biofilm formation and virulence in A. hydrophila. Aeromonas hydrophila is opportunistic and a primary pathogen of amphibians, reptiles, fish, and humans (1). A. hydrophila causes various human infections such as gastrointestinal tract syndromes, wound and soft tissue infections, and bloodborne dyscrasias (29). A. hydrophila recently has been categorized as an emerging foodborne pathogen (17), with food and/or water as possible sources of human infection (14). Biofilms are architecturally complex assemblies of microorganisms that form on biotic or abiotic surfaces or at interfaces. Biofilms are characterized by interactions between microorganisms embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances created by the microbial populations and exhibit altered phenotypes with respect to growth rate and gene transcription (7). Like many other microorganisms, A. hydrophila can form biofilms in laboratory settings on stainless steel (23), glass (40), and vegetables (8). A. hydrophila possesses two distinct types of flagella, polar and lateral, for swimming and swarming, respectively. Both flagellar systems play vital roles in pathogenesis (34) and optimal biofilm formation (18). A. hydrophila secretes metalloprotease, zinc protease, and serine protease, which play a vital role in invasiveness and generation of infection (5). Bacterial genes and their respective phenotypes are regulated in a population-dependent manner with the aid of small diffusible signal molecules through a phenomenon referred to as quorum sensing (QS) (36). Gram-negative bacteria produce acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) QS systems to regulate a variety of physiological processes, including virulence. A. hydrophila produces N-3-butanoylDL-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) synthase, encoded by ahyI, and N-3-hexanoyl homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) synthase, encoded by ahyR, at a ratio of 70:1 (35). Modulation of virulence, exoprotease production, T3SS and T6SS protein expression, and biofilm development by QS has been previously reported (15, 23, 36). Khajanchi et al. (14) also reported that AHLs and cytotoxic activity levels were higher in clinical strains than in strains isolated from water, establishing the importance of QS in human infection. Because biofilms are directly related to virulence (31) and sessile cells are resistant to antibiotics and various disinfectants (24), a better approach is to inhibit biofilm formation rather than attempt to kill bacteria already in established biofilms (32). Blockage of QS is a new phenomenon, and many antibacterial agents have been identified recently to combat disease in this manner (2). Furukawa et al. (10) reported that sugar fatty acid esters inhibited biofilm formation by foodborne pathogens. Similarly, EDTA (3), bacteriocins, and competition for nutrients (31) inhibited biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes. * Author for correspondence. Tel: 82-031-670-4831; Fax: 82-031-675-4853; E-mail: email@example.com. 239 Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 76, No. 2, 2013, Pages 239–247 doi:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-321 Copyright G, International Association for Food Protection D ow naded rom hp://m eridianenpress.com /jfp/article-pdf/76/2689/0362-028x_jfp-12-321.pdf by gest on 21 June 2020 Glucose also has been reported as having antibiofilm effects on Escherichia coli (13) and Bacillus cereus (33). Chestnut honey (38) and vanillin (30) also have been reported as having antibiofilm and anti-QS effects on A. hydrophila. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of various glucose concentrations on biofilm formation, motility, exoprotease production, and QS in A. hydrophila. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains, culture media, and growth conditions. The strains used for the study were A. hydrophila strains KCTC 2358 (isolated from a can of milk with a fishy odor), KCTC 11533 (isolated from surface water), and KCCM 32586 (a clinical isolate). The bioreporter strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 (Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Seoul, Korea) also was included. A 20% (wt/vol) glucose (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) solution was prepared by filter sterilization with 0.22-mm-pore-size filters (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA). Nutrient broth (NB; Difco, BD, Sparks, MD) was used for all the experiments except the violacein assay, for which we used Luria-Bertani (LB) medium (Difco, BD). Before each experiment, the cultures were activated by transferring from the 280uC freezer on nutrient agar plates to 30uC for overnight incubation. A single colony from the plate was inoculated in 5 ml of NB and incubated overnight at 30uC for 48 h without shaking and then diluted 1:50 in NB or LB containing 0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5% (wt/vol) glucose. Bacteria were grown at 30uC unless otherwise indicated. Quantitative biofilm formation assay. The quantitative biofilm assay was performed according to the procedure described by O'Toole (28) with minor modifications. The cultures were grown in NB for 48 h without shaking and then diluted (1:50) in NB containing various concentrations of glucose, and 100-ml aliquots were placed in each well of a 96-well polystyrene microtiter plate (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ). The microtiter plate was incubated at 30uC for 72 h without shaking. After incubation, the absorbance was determined as an indicator of cell growth at 600 nm with a microplate reader (Spectra Max 190, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). The plate was washed in a small tub of water after the bacterial cultures were discarded, air dried overnight, stained with 125 ml of 0.1% (wt/vol) crystal violet (CV) by incubating for 30 min at room temperature, and dried again overnight. The CV was solubilized with 125 ml of 95% (vol/vol) ethanol at room temperature for 10 min, and the absorbance was read at 595 nm with a microplate reader. Biofilm formation was determined using equation 1, normalized to planktonic growth according to Teh et al. (37):


Internal pressure, excess internal pressure, energy of vaporization, excess energy of vaporization and solubility parameter of Pb-Sn molten binary liquid mixture were calculated over a wide range of temperature and composition. A quantitative treatment has been carried out for these thermodynamic properties with the help of Hildebrand equation. Also, interaction study has been made in the light of excess thermodynamic functions.


We present a novel reasoning calculus for the Description Logic SHIQ. In order to reduce the nondeterminism due to general inclusion axioms, we base our calculus on hypertableau and hyperresolution calculi, which we extend with a blocking condition to ensure termination. To prevent the calculus from generating large models, we introduce "anywhere" pairwise blocking. Our preliminary implementation shows significant performance improvements on several well-known ontologies. To the best of our knowledge, our reasoner is currently the only one that can classify the original version of the GALEN terminology.


Transliteration is the mapping of a word or text written in one writing system into another writing system. Transliteration maps the letters of the source language to the letters in the target language for a specific pair of source and target language. Transliteration must preserve sound. Transliteration can be used for encryption also. Here the source language is English and the target language is Malayalam. In some cases the letters in the source script may not match exactly with the target language. Transliteration usually defines some conventions for dealing with that. The source string is segmented in to transliteration units and related with the target language units. Thus transliteration problem can be viewed as a sequence labeling problem. Here the classification is done using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and WEKA. In WEKA each class is tested using different classifiers and compared.


In the three-dimensional bin packing problem the task is to orthogonally pack a given set of rectangular items into a minimum number of three-dimensional rectangular bins. We give a characterization of the algorithm proposed by Martello, Pisinger and Vigo (2000) for the exact solution of the problem, showing that not all orthogonal packings can be generated by the proposed algorithm. The packings however have the property of being robot packings, which is of great relevance to the industry. A new (and correct) algorithm for solving the general orthogonal packing problem is presented based on constraint programming. Extensive computational experiments compare the algorithm for the three-dimensional bin packing when solving general orthogonal packings and when restricted to robot packings.


The insurance sector plays a vital role in the economic development of India. It acts as a mobilization of savings, financial intermediary, investment activities, risk manager and stabilizer of financial markets. The insurance sector in India has come a full circle from being an open competitive market to nationalization and back to a liberalized market. The Insurance sector reforms were started with the incorporation of IRDA again in 2000. IRDA opened up the market with the application for registration. Foreign companies were allowed ownership of upto 26%. There is a proposal to increase the limit upto 49%. The key objective of the IRDA includes promotion of competition and to enhance the customer satisfaction through increased consumer choice and lower premium, while ensuring the financial security of the insurance sector. Though as at end of September 2013, there were fifty two insurance companies operating in (forty four in private sector and 8 in public sector). Life insurance industry recorded a premium income of Rs. 287202.49 crores in 2012-13 as against Rs. 287072.11 crores in 2011-12 registering a growth of 0.05 per cent. The life insurance industry reported a net profit of Rs. 6948 crores during the year 2012-13 as against of Rs. 5974 crores net profit during the year 2011-12. The public sector companies reported a net profit of Rs. 2603 crores where as private sector insurance reported a net profit of Rs. 679 crores during the year 2012-13.


In this paper the realization question for infinite dimensional linear systems is examined for both bounded and unbounded operators. In addition to obtaining realizability criteria covering the basic cases, we discuss the relationship between canonical realizations of the same system. What one finds is that the set of transfer functions which are realizable by triples (A,b,c) with A bounded is related in a close way, to the space of complex functions analytic and square integrable on the disk |s| < 1 and that the set of transfer functions which are realizable by triples (A,b,c) with A unbounded but generating a strongly continuous semigroup is related in a close way to functions analytic and square Integrable on a half-plane.


In this paper, a multi-core double D like PCF based plasmonic biosensor is proposed and analyzed. The sensor performance is investigated by applying a mode solver based numerical method, FEM. Both sensible and gold coatings are deposited on the external surface for comfortable and more practical realization. This biosensor exhibits the maximum wavelength sensitivity of 8000 nm per RIU and amplitude sensitivity of 522 per RIU with resolution 1.25×10−5 RIU and 1.92×10−5 RIU respectively in the detection range between 1.45 and 1.48. This can also show good linearity with 170 FOM. Owing to the simple design and highly sensitive nature, the proposed biosensor can be precisely applicable for biomolecular analytes detection.


The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a baked flour products. Bread surface of the cut blank, capable of filling in the baked visible state, can solve the conventional fried products due to breakage resulting in bread dough leaking into the oil filling in the shape of the bread thereby constraining problem, on the one hand pressing can be designed like the shape of the product, while avoiding the frying operation, the bread blank so that only the surface of the absorbent composition of the present invention such fat simple method can produce fried products having a taste similar to conventional baked flour product. The grease composition of the invention is applied on the surface of the bread blank, like baked into the oven, so that no operation can be obtained after frying and fried foods with texture and taste similar baked flour products. Further, the front surface of the cut blank bread baking, so as to form an opening, the inner filling can be seen, the shape of which can produce a conventional fried food product is difficult to achieve in the baking process.


ACRL, see Association of College and Reference Libraries. ALA, see American Library Association. Acquisitions procedures, simplification, 76; in special libraries, 195-196. Administrative assistants, 23. "Administrative control," LeFevre, 286297. Adult education, 429, 437-453. "Adult education and the public library," Stone, 437-453. American Association for Adult Education, 439, 441-443, 450. American Association of School Librarians, 377. American Documentation Institute, 192193. American Library Association, 484; Board on Resources of American Libraries, 59-61; Joint Committee of the NEA and the ALA, 274-275, 277, 300; Committee on Post-War Planning, 430; Commission on the Library and Adult Education, 439-440; Board on the Library and Adult Education, 440-441; Adult Education Board, 441, 449. American Standards Association, Committee 239, 85. Anderson, Hazelle M., "Service at the elementary level," 298-310. Annual reports, in college and university libraries, 126127. Architecture and building, 45, 90-91, 136155, 324-327, 416-417, 514-521. Asheim, Lester, "Research on the reading of adults," 454-461. AsIib, 233, 235, 237-238. Association of College and Reference Libraries, University Libraries Section, 44. Association of Research Libraries, 65. Audio-visual aids, in higher education, 14-15; in the library, 40-41, 4647, 130-133, 305, 315, 328, 393, 433-434, 447.


Zuo Zhuan contains a passage of " Zi Yue"(quotation of Confucius) giving moral evaluation on the event of " Xie Ye's death-incurring admonishment", which seems contradictory with Confucius' usual ethical claims and is thought by some scholars as not Confucius' genuine idea. However, based on detailed analyses, especially comparison with " Zi Yue" passages in The Analects, it is our opinion that the passage is not contradictory with Confucius' s thoughts and rather it is a reflection of Confucius' prudence in commentary on political ethics and in the complexity of the comment itself. Centering on this theme, this essay analyzes some other passages of " ZiYue" in Zuo Zhuan for further proof of their mutual complement with those in The Analects and indicates their values for better understanding of Confucius' political-ethical thoughts.


Red rose consisting of anthocyanin pigment has been used as an antibacterial agent. However, there is no study on the anthocyanin pigment extract from red rose as the antibacterial agent. The effectiveness of the antibacterial agent can be affected by the solvent extraction and the flower shelf life. Here, we report the effects of solvent extraction and red rose ( Rosa sp .) shelf life on the antibacterial activity. Red rose concentrated extraction and randomized complete block design factorial was carefully used with factors of long display and solvent extraction. The extraction solvent (P) comprised of water, ethanol, and mixture of water-ethanol (1 : 1), while the red rose shelf life (M) consisted of 0, 2, 4 and 6 days. Moreover, pH, antioxidant activity and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) with four variations of concentrated concentration (100%, 50%, 25% and 12.5%) on Escherichia coli , Salmonella thypi , and Pseudomonas sp. were analyzed. After two days of shelf life using water as the solvent for extraction, the antioxidant activity achieved 79% at pH of 2.5. It was also demonstrated that it was able to kill all the investigated bacterias, which were Escherichia coli , Salmonella thypi, and Pseudomonas sp . with concentrated concentrations of 100%, 50% and 25%. When the concentrated concentration was 12.5%, the MBC value was constantly found to be 1.39 × 10 8 cfu/g for Escherichia coli and 9.53 × 10 7 cfu/g for Salmonella thypi .


A permeable reactive barrier, consisting of a mixture of compost and calcite gravel, was built in Aznalcóllar (SW Spain) to treat acidic groundwater containing zinc, aluminium and copper. Monitoring results show that practically no dissolved sulphate is reduced as water flows through the barrier, which has a residence time of about 1 to 2 days. Despite this lack of bacterial activity significant metal removal is achieved, making it clear that most of the metal retention can not be attributed to bacterially mediated sulphate reduction but to other mechanisms. In a laboratory study, a packed column was operated to evaluate the potential of municipal compost and calcite to promote sulphidogenesis in the remediation of a synthetic mine water at high flows (>0.5 m/d, 0.47 days average residence time). Results showed that acidity was neutralised and that metals were significantly removed. Rather than precipitation as metallic sulphides, metal removal was found mainly to be due to the combined result of precipitation as metal-oxyhydroxides, co-precipitation with these secondary phases, and sorption onto compost surfaces. The two latter mechanisms are especially significant for Zn: it can be roughly estimated that before saturation of compost sorption sites, 60% of the influent Zn was removed by coprecipitation with Feand Al-oxyhydroxides and 40% by sorption onto 2 Oriol Gibert1, Tobias Rötting2, Joan de Pablo1, José Luis Cortina1, José Bolzicco2,3, Jesús Carrera2 and Carlos Ayora3 compost. Sorption onto compost is only expected for the first months of the field barrier operation.


material, particularly in light of the author's avowed purpose of "enriching the ethical debate in this age." I am also pleased to find that the author has based his work mainly on the primary documents themselves and not just summarized a mass of secondary research and opinion. While praising Forell's principles, however, I am disappointed in his realization of them. Some of my objections rest on historical grounds; in particular, the treatment of New Testament ethics is not at all adequate and might better have been omitted. Even allowing that surveys must homogenize, we might still expect some recognition of the diversity of New Testament religion and morality; it is scarcely to be found here. Other objections center on a certain lack of structure. Forell has made a laudable effort to include information on polity, social world, and theology along with ethics; but he frequently fails to relate the various kinds of materials to one another. Similarly, when he takes up the thought of a single author such as Chrysostom, he moves from one text to another in such a way that the same topic may recur several times in his discussion, but without explicit lines of connection being drawn. The impression is that the material has scarcely been digested, and the reader with no prior preparation will probably come away from it with no clear notion of what it is about. On the positive side, the greatest single advantage of the book is the large number of extended quotations in it, giving the reader some access to the flavor of the patristic writings themselves. The chapters on Clement of Alexandria and Augustine are clear, brief, and coherent treatments of complex authors. In matters of detail, careful proofreading by a student of early Christianity might have saved the book from such mistakes as "Freund" (for Frend, p. 48 and elsewhere), "Septimus" (for Septimius, p. 76), "Maximus" (for Maximin, p. 110), and "Gregory of Nazianzen" (p. 115 and elsewhere).


A kind of disease whose main characteristic was typical diarrhoea and green thin excrement broke out among a group of young pigeon in a certain pigeon house. Based on the clinical symptoms,pathological dissection and salmonellae isolated from pigeon's essential internal organs,the disease was diagnosed as salmonellosis.


We now turn from supervised learning to reinforcement learning tasks, most of which involve sequential decision making. In these tasks, each decision made by the computer affects subsequent decisions. For example, consider a computer-controlled robot attempting to navigate from a hospital kitchen to a patient's room. At each point in time, the computer must decide whether to move the robot forward , left, right, or backward. Each decision changes the location of the robot, so that the next decision will depend on previous decisions. After each decision, the environment provides a real-value reward. For example, the robot may receive a positive reward for delivering a meal to the correct patient and a negative reward for bumping into walls. The goal of the robot is to choose sequences of actions to maximize its long-term reward. This is very different from the standard supervised learning task, where each classification decision is completely independent of other decisions. The final learning task we will discuss is unsupervised learning, where the computer is given a collection of objects and is asked to construct a model to explain the observed properties of these objects. No teacher provides desired outputs or rewards. For example, given a collection of astronomical objects, the learning system should group the objects into stars, planets, and galaxies and describe each group by its electromagnetic spectrum, distance from earth, and so on. Although often called " cluster analysis " (Everitt 1993), unsupervised learning arises in a much wider range of tasks. Indeed, there is no single agreed-upon definition of unsu-pervised learning, but one useful formulation views unsu-pervised learning as density estimation. Define a probability distribution P(X) to be the probability that an object X will be observed. The goal of unsupervised learning is to find this probability distribution, given a sample of the Xs. This is typically accomplished by defining a family of possible stochastic models and choosing the model that best accounts for the data. For example, one might model each group of astronomical objects as having a spectrum that is a multivariate normal distribution (centered at a " typical " spectrum). The probability distribution P(X) describing the whole collection of astronomical objects could then be modeled as a mixture of normal distributions—one distribution for each group of objects. The learning process determines the number of groups and the mean and covariance matrix of each multivariate distribution. The Autoclass program discovered a …


In this paper, the Box-Jenkins methodology has been applied and used to forecast the ratio of Iraq's rural population from 1960 to 2019. A sample size of (60) observations of the annually rural population of Iraq has been taken. A combination of some adequate time series models has been prepared and obtained and some statistical criteria have been used for comparison and model selection. Results of the study concluded that the ARIMA (0,2,1) is an adequate and best model to be used for forecasting the annual ratio of rural population data in Iraq. During the period 2020 to 2030, the ratio of the rural population will keep decreasing gradually, and the percentage of the rural population of Iraq in 2030 will be (27.732).


This study determines the perinatal mortality rate (PMR) among births recorded at the Women's Patna Medical College Hospital (PMCH) in India, and from other centers in the Patna district community, where the ICDS program was not implemented. Births include all infants over 28 weeks of gestational development and who weighed over 1000 g at birth. Infants were grouped by birth weights as follows: 1001-1500 g, 1501-2000 g, 2001-2500 g, 2501-3000 g, 3001-3500 g, and 3500 g. Newborns were observed for 1 week after birth, and mothers were encouraged to breast feed. Mothers of normal infants were discharged in 2-3 days and advised to attend the Well Baby Clinic in 1 week, or earlier in the case of illness. The perinatal mortality among 1000 infants included 29 stillbirths at PMCH and 39 stillbirths in the community, and 21 neonatal deaths at PMCH and 26 neonatal deaths in the community. The PMR was 50/1000 at PMCH and 65/1000 in the community. The PMR in blocks that had implemented ICDS was 35-41/1000. The lowest PMR was among infants weighing 2501-3000 g; the highest PMR was among infants weighing 1001-1500 g. The lower PMR at PMCH was attributed to better prenatal care. The leading causes of perinatal death in both groups were trauma and stress of labor. The most common illnesses were diarrhea (51.2% of cases) and conjunctivitis (51.5%). 24.4% of infants born in the community suffered from various diseases, including diarrhea (7.7%), hyperbilirubinemia (1.1%), and umbilical sepsis, respiratory distress, and hypoglycemia (0.5%). Both the Medical College Hospital and other community health centers must improve health services in order to meet the target of 30-35/1000 PMR by the year 2000.


Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease associated with increased mortality and morbidity. High levels of glucose can damage organs, such as the kidneys, eyes and nerves. Oxytocin (OXT) can regulate feeding behavior, energy balance, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. The OXT Receptor (OXTR) mediates the action of OXT on cells. The role of OXTR polymorphism in carbohydrate metabolism disorders, especially in T2D, is not clear. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the possible associations between OXTR polymorphism and the risk of developing T2D. Patients and Methods: To study genetic polymorphisms, 120 patients with T2D and 120 controls were selected. Genotyping of the OXTR rs53576 and rs2254298 variants was performed using allele-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) PCR, respectively. Data were analyzed using Chi-square analysis and logistic regression. Results: The logistic regression analysis suggested no significant associations of OXTR Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) rs22542987 in genotypes (OR = 1.054, 95% CI: 0.557 - 1.995, P = 0.871) and alleles of patients with T2D in the study population (OR = 1.004, 95% CI: 0.547 1.845, P = 1). The rs53576 polymorphism showed the TT genotype (OR = 0.466, %95CI: 0.22 - 0.94, P = 0.035), as well as T allele (OR = 0.66, %95 CI: (0.46 - 0.95), P = 0.03) in the patients and control group with a significant difference suggesting the protective role this polymorphism plays in T2D. Conclusions: Our findings showed that the genotype TT rs53576 OXTR, as well as T allele had significant differences in our population and play a protective role. Therefore, it is suggested to place more interest on these OXTR in large populations and different ethnic groups.


Purpose – This paper tests whether financial planning in Australia remains an industry or can be considered a profession Design/Method/Approach A set of attributes of professionalism were derived from the literature—public/societal responsibility, a systematic body of theory, professional authority and ethical responsibility—a sample of 78 financial planners were asked to provide attitude statements relating to professionalism as well as demographic information of their business. Findings Evidence from the attitude statements provide by the respondents to the attributes of professionalism failed to achieve a satisfactory level of professionalism for any attribute. Research limitations The financial services operators surveyed represented a fraction of the sector. The geographical area surveyed is in the middle to upper socioeconomic strata and may not represent a fair cross-section of the financial planning sector. No attempt was made to weight the professional attributes tested. These factors could also influence the generalization of the research findings to other groups. Practical limitations – Public concern with recent collapses of financial planners has made the question of the professionalism of financial planning the subject of debate. Results of this study may assist with changing the practices of the financial planning sector.


Drug causing asthmatic and radioimmunoassay were used in the determination of the contents of cAMP and cGMP of blood plasma in young mice.The results showed that ZhiChuanFuTieLing had obviously prolonged the latent period of asthmatic caused by both acetylcholine and histamine,decreased the percentage of asthmatic animals,improved the rate of cAMP/cGMP of blood plasma in young mice.It suggested that ZhiChuanFuTieLing exerted apparently suppressive effect on asthmatic.


Introduction. Early in vitro studies anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects of arginine-containing glyprolins on plasma in rats were revealed.
Aim: to study the effects of arginine-containing glyprolines His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Pro-Gly-Pro (HFRWPGP), Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (TKPRPGP), Arg-Glu-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro (RERPGP) on rat's hemostasis in vivo in normal conditions and to compare the effects of test peptides with glyproline (PGP).
Materials and methods. The following peptides were used: HFRWPGP (ACTH(6–9) PGP), TKPRPGP (Selank), RERPGP and PGP. In experiments, 20 white rats have intranasally injected with 0.02 ml of each peptide solution in a dose of 1 μg/kg body weight (3 experimental groups) or 0.85% NaCl solution (control group) every 24 hours for 7 days (168 hours). The effects of peptides on hemostatic parameters were investigated by thromboelastographic method, by activated partial thromboplastin time and platelet aggregation, also fibrinolytic blood activity on non-stabilized fibrin was determined.
Results. All tested peptides showed anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, antiplatelet activity. Anticoagulant effects manifested 20 hours after the last injection and persisted for 168 hours. Arginine-containing — Arg-Glu-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro and Selank showed the greatest effect.
Conclusion. Arginine as a part of arginine-containing glyprolines intensified the activation of anticoagulation system.

REFERENCES
1. Pharmaceutical technology. Solid dosage forms: a textbook. [Farmacevticheskaya tekhnologiya. Tverdye lekarstvennye formy: uchebnoe posobie (Pod red. S.A. Kedika)]. Moskva: Institut farma- cevticheskih tekhnologij, 2011. 661 s (in Russ.).
2. Khavinson V. Kh., Kvetnaya Т.V. Regulatory peptides and homeo- stasis. [Regulyatornye peptidy i gomeostaz]. Rossijskij himicheskij zhurnal. 2005;49(1):112–7 (in Russ.).
3. Lebedko O.A., Timoshin S.S. The effect of regulatory peptides on the processes of DNA synthesis in different cell populations: the- oretical and applied aspects. [Vliyanie regulyatornyh peptidov na processy sinteza DNK v razlichnyh kletochnyh populyaciyah: teoreticheskie i prikladnye aspekty]. Dal'nevostochnyj medicinskij zhurnal. 2011;(2):6–11 (in Russ.).
4. Craik D.J., Fairlie D.P., Liras S., Price D. The future of peptide- based drugs. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2013;81(1):136–47.
5. Kamensky A.A., Sergeev I. Yu. Regulatory peptides: drugs are cre- ated, but less than expected. [Regulyatornye peptidy: lekarstva sozdayutsya, no men'she, chem ozhidalos']. Priroda. 2015;(4):29– 35 (in Russ.).
6. Ashmarin I.P., Kamensky A.A., Lyapina L.A. et al. Gliprolins as independent regulators and stabilizers of other peptides. [Glipro- liny kak samostoyatel'nye regulyatory i stabilizatory drugih pep- tidov]. Voprosy biologicheskoj, medicinskoj i farmacevticheskoj hi- mii. 2002;1:24–7 (in Russ.).
7. Lyapina L.A., Pastorova V.E., Samonina G.E., Ashmarin I.P. The effect of prolil-glycil-proline (PGP) peptide and PGP-rich sub- stances on haemostatic parameters of rat blood. Blood Coagul Fi- brinolysis. 2000;11(5):409–14.
8. Cherkasova K.A., Lyapina L.A., Ashmarin I.P. Comparative study of modulatory effects of Semax and primary proline-con- taining peptides on hemostatic reactions. [Sravnitel'noe issledo- vanie dejstviya preparata semaks i prostejshih prolinsoderzhash- chih peptidov v modulyacii gemostaticheskih reakcij]. Byulleten' eksperimental'noj biologii i mediciny. 2001;132(1):625–6 (in Russ.).
9. Ashmarin I.P., Lyapina L.A., Andreeva L.A. et al. Therapeutic effect of Pro-Gly and Pro-Gly-Pro glyiprolines in the development of experi- mental insulin-dependent diabetes. [Lechebnyj effekt gliprolinov Pro- Gly i Pro-Gly-Pro pri razvitii eksperimental'nogo insulinozavisimogo diabeta]. Tromboz, gemostaz i reologiya. 2008;(2):38–43 (in Russ.).
10. Zakutskiy A.N., Chalisova N.I., Subbotina T.F. Functional arginine- containing sequences in peptides and proteins. [Funkcional'nye argininsoderzhashchie posledovatel'nosti v peptidah i belkah]. Bioorganicheskaya himiya. 2008;34(2):149–59 (in Russ.).

11. Yang W., Chan V.C., Kirkpatrick A. et al. Gly-Pro-Arg confers sta- bility similar to Gly-Pro-Hyp in the collagen triple-helix of host-
guest peptides. J Biol Chem. 1999;272(46):28837–40. 12. Brunini T.M.C., Mendes-Ribeiro A.C., Ellory J.C., Mann G.E. Plate- let nitric oxide synthesis in uremia and malnutrition: a role for L-arginine supplementation in vascular protection? Cardiovasc Res. 2007;73:359–67.
13. Napoli C.C., Stanley W.C., Ignarro L.J. Nutrition and cardiovascular disease: Putting a pathogenetic framework into focus. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;73:253–6.
14. Barkagan Z.S., Momot A.P. Diagnosis and controlled therapy of hemostasis disorders. [Diagnostika i kontroliruemaya terapiya narushenij gemostaza]. Moskva: N'yudiamed, 2001. 296 s (in Russ.). 15. McConell G.K. Effects of L-arginine supplementation on exercise metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2007;10(1):46–51. 16. Mendez J.D., Balderas F.L. Inhibition by l-arginine and spermi- dine of hemoglobin glycation and lipid peroxidation in rats with induced diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother. 2006;60(1):26–31.
17. Rogozinskaya E. Ya., Lyapina M.G. Anticoagulant effects of arginine-containing peptides of glyiproline series (His-Phe-Arg- Trp-Pro-Gly-Pro, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) according to the thromboelastographic study. [Protivosvertyvayushchie effekty argi- ninsoderzhashchih peptidov gliprolinovogo ryada (His-Phe-Arg- Trp-Pro-Gly-Pro, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) po dannym trom- boelastograficheskogo issledovaniya]. Byulleten' eksperimental'noj biologii i mediciny. 2017;164(8):197–200 (in Russ.).
18. Lyapina L.A., Grigorieva M.E., Obergan T. Yu., Shubina T.A. The- oretical and practical questions of studying of functional state of blood anticoagulant system. [Teoreticheskie i prakticheskie voprosy izucheniya funkcional'nogo sostoyaniya protivosvertyvayushchej sistemy krovi]. Moskva: Advansed Solyushnz, 2012. 160 s (in Russ.). 19. Vasilijevic A., Buzadzic B., Korac A. et al. Benefical effects of L-arginine-nitric oxide — producing pathway in rats treated with alloxan. J Physiol. 2007;584(3):921–33.


ABSTRACT In 1825, France recognized its former colony Haiti's independence, ending an over twenty-year struggle for the black republic to obtain legal recognition as a sovereign state but saddling it with a financial indemnity that crippled its economy. This article argues that France's formal recognition of the republic gave Haiti an important advantage to defend its sovereignty as a legitimate nation, as well as its political union with Santo Domingo in 1822. In doing so, the study brings together two bodies of literature that rarely speak to one another: nineteenth-century Haitian diplomatic history and works treating Dominicans' experience under Haitian rule. This article will focus on the aftermath of French recognition of Haitian independence that affected British commercial negotiations with Haiti. Finally, it will examine how Haiti's recognized independence forced the Spanish to enter diplomatic talks with the Haitians over sovereignty and rule in Santo Domingo.


A computer's operating system, applications and data are typically installed and stored in the 'traditional' computing environment. In a cloud computing environment, individuals and businesses work with applications and data stored and/or maintained on shared machines in a web-based environment rather than physically located in the home of a user or a corporate environment. Lew Tucker, Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Cloud Computing at Sun Microsystems, explained that cloud computing is 'the movement of application services onto the Internet and the increased use of the Internet to access a wide variety of services traditionally originating from within a company's data center' (Creeger 2009: 52). For example, web-based applications such as Google's GmailTM can be accessed in real time from an Internet-connected machine anywhere in the world.


BACKGROUND
This study aimed to compare the nutritional and bone health status between young men with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability and those without intellectual disability and to determine predictors for their bone health status.

METHOD
A total of 95 men (47 men with intellectual disability; 48 men without intellectual disability), aged 20-39 years, participated in this study. Anthropometric profile, dietary intake, physical activity level and calcaneal speed of sound (SOS) were collected.

RESULTS
The men with intellectual disability had moderate diet quality whilst the men without intellectual disability had poor diet quality. More participants with intellectual disability (97.9%) were inactive compared with their counterparts (10.4%). The SOS value was similar between groups and was lower than the reference. Increasing age and low physical activity level were negative predictors for bone health status.

CONCLUSION
Both young men with and without intellectual disability have suboptimal nutritional and bone health status. Strategies to improve their nutritional and bone health status are warranted.


A numerical analysis is conducted to understand the flowfield inside a launch pad affected by the layouts of clustered rocket engines for the first stage. The Japanese H3 launch vehicle with typica...


The tissue culture technique of Emmenopterys henryi was studied by taking the embryo as explants.The results showed that adding low concentration of IBA could help the germination of mature embryos,high levels of 6-BA on the germination of mature embryos had some inhibitory effects;KT had an significant influence on induction of adventitious buds of Emmenopterys henryi;1/2MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L had better effect on rooting,rooting rate was 75%.Meanwhile,internal and external factors that leading to Emmenopterys henryi endangered were discussed and protective measures were proposed.


The role of mixoplanktonic algae is increasingly recognised as an important link between primary production and microbial loop processes, particularly in dystrophic systems where staining can both limit light and nutrient availability and increase bacterial productivity. We hypothesised that these three factors would affect the relative abundance of mixotrophs (RAmixotrophs), with increased light and nutrient availability decreasing RAmixotrophs and increased bacterial availability increasing RAmixotrophs. We employed a fully factorial design within near-shore mesocosms in a highly stained lake, with light intensity, bacterial abundance, and phosphorus concentration as treatment variables. Over the initial 3 days of the experiment, when changes were greatest, we found no significant three-way interaction effect among light, phosphorus and nutrients on the RAmixotrophs. We did find significant two-way interactions between phosphorus and light, and phosphorus and bacteria. RAmixotrophs was decreased by the addition of phosphorus whether light was added or not, but light only significantly deceased RAmixotrophs when phosphorus was not added. Phosphorus concentration was also found to decrease RAmixotrophs whether bacterial food was supplemented or not, but bacteria increased RAmixotrophs only in mesocosms without phosphorus additions. Collectively, our results indicated that phosphorus concentrations may be the primary driver of mixoplanktonic phytoplankton dynamics in dystrophic systems.


A hanging glacier at the east face of Weisshorn broke off in 2005. We were able to monitor and measure surface motion and icequake activity for 21 days up to three days prior to the break-off. Results are presented from the analysis of seismic waves generated by the glacier during the rupture maturation process. Three types of precursory signals of the imminent catastrophic rupture were identified: (i) an increasing seismic activity within the glacier, (ii) a change in the size-frequency distribution of icequake energy, and (iii) a log-periodic oscillating behavior superimposed on power law acceleration of the inverse of waiting time between two icequakes. The analysis of the seismic activity gave indications of the rupture process and led to the identification of two regimes: a stable one where events are isolated and non correlated which is characteristic of diffuse damage, and an unstable and dangerous one in which events become synchronized and large icequakes are triggered.


Verbal aggressiveness is a behavior that has a purpose to hurt other people's feeling by saying harsh words, insulting, mocking, and threatening someone. Factor that underlie the emergence of verbal aggressiveness in street children, one of them is emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is ability to control oneself, have endurance when faced with a problem,self motivated, able to set the meed, ability to empathize and build relationships with others. The research mainly happen to understand relation between emotional intelligence and verbal aggressiveness in street children. This research method using quantitative approach. Subjects are picked by Incidental sampling techniques and involving 40 street children. Emotional intelligence scale is picked as collecting tool and also verbal aggressiveness scale. Data analysis uses Shpearman's Rho technique. The result on Shpearman's Rho correlation technique shows correlation (r) = -0,721 at a significant level (p) = 0,000 (p<0,05). The conclusion is there is a negative and significant correlation of the relationship between emotional intelligence with verbal aggressiveness in street children. So, if someone has low emotional intelligence, then verbal aggressiveness will be high.


The calculation of temperature rise in self-cooled transformers is one of the most important calculations to determine longevity of a transformer. It is also one of the toughest concepts for many transformer Engineers to understand. The elusiveness of the concept originates because transformer designers are predominantly Electrical Engineers and most of the skills needed to evaluate temperature rise are mechanical in nature. This paper will discuss the major modes of thermal transfer in self-cooled coils. Models will be developed and procedures explained to apply these techniques to numerous core and coil geometries. The models in this paper can be applied to a broad size range of units from small PC board mount all the way in excess of 5000 KVA. The author has used these methods to predict temperature rise in units as small as a 1/2" cube, as large in diameter as 84" and as long as 48"


Results: A 65-year-old lady presented with a recently enlarging, pulsatile right sided neck mass that had been asymptomatic for 15 years. Contrast CT revealed a circumscribed non-enhancing heterogenous 4 x 4 x 7 cm mass splaying the right internal jugular vein and common carotid artery. A neurogenic tumour was considered, and the mass was excised from the vagus nerve with preservation of adjacent structures. Final histopathologic reading was schwannoma. However, the patient succumbed to complications following a second surgery for expanding hematoma.


We set out in this study to examine the impact of news sentiment and press freedom on cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) around earnings announcement periods; our focus is on the stock markets of Greater China, comprising of the Shanghai, Shenzhen and Taiwan stock markets. The news sentiment ratio is calculated using content analysis under the semantic orientation approach, with our empirical results revealing that news reports released prior to the earnings announcements made by firms have significant negative impacts on the CARs of the stocks of such firms following their announcements. We also find that press freedom may reduce the explanatory power of news reports on positive abnormal returns. The greater (lesser) the level of press freedom in a particular market, then the weaker (stronger) the level of information asymmetry, which can lead to a reduction (increase) in the risk premium, ultimately resulting in lower (higher) CARs.


An exploratory study of two grammar schools in the South East of England is used to justify and demonstrate a self-assessed approach that investigates trait emotional intelligence (EI) among school leaders. First, the theoretical underpinnings of ability and trait EI approaches are critically compared based on recent relevant literature. Then the results from TEIQue-SF, a self-evaluation questionnaire, are presented and discussed. Finally, notwithstanding limitations of the study and the approach taken, we suggest that with further empirical research, a refined and usable self-assessed approach could be a useful way for practitioners to evaluate trait EI among school leaders in the future.


Pd–P@Pt–Ni core–shell nanoparticles, which consisted of a Pd–P alloy as a core and Pt–Ni thin layer as a shell, were explored as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation reaction. The crystallographic information and the electronic properties were fully investigated by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the methanol electrooxidation reaction, the particles showed high catalytic activity and strong resistance to the poisoning carbonaceous species in comparison with those of commercial Pt/C and the as-prepared Pt/C catalysts. The excellent durability was demonstrated by electrochemically active surface area loss and chronoamperometric measurements. These results would be due to the enhanced catalytic properties of Pt by the double synergistic effects from the core part and the nickel species in the shell part.