Gentamycin sulfate and blood-serum antibody against E.coli were conjugated by special modified agentia and then were prepared into Targeted Gentamicin Sulfate according to the principles of pharmaceutical pharmacy and befitting chemical methods.Targeted Gentamycin Sulfate was used to determine the antibacterial effect in vitro on E.coli that compared with Gentamycin sulfate.Results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of Targeted Gentamicin Sulfate was 0.02 μg/mL and the minimum inhibitory concentration of Gentamicin sulfate was 0.4 μg/mL,which was more superiorer than Gentamycin sulfate.


The technology developed in defining a facility to be used on the Skylab mission for electromagnetic suspension of small, molten spheres in the weightless space environment is described. The technologies discussed include: four-coil optimization, four-coil versus six-coil configuration comparison, four-coil position servocontrol, four-coil breadboard, position sensing and servosystem, two-color pyrometer, and specimen toration mode analysis.


This review is intended to update the most recent developments in asymmetric hetero-Diels–Alder (HDA) reactions of carbonyl compounds, covering the literature from 2000 to 2008. The reactions of unactivated aldehydes, activated aldehydes, activated ketones and the inverse HDA reactions of α,β-unsaturated ketones and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are successively investigated. This review clearly demonstrates the power of asymmetric HDA reactions of carbonyl compounds for the construction of chiral six-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles, with extensive synthetic applications in natural or unnatural products with a wide range of biological activity.  Figure options Download full-size image Download as PowerPoint slide


Those things that go under community music and people who call themselves community music practitioners and organisations, have got to remember all the community music that is happening anyway. But at this point in time I think that it is incredibly important to develop community music activities, to fuel the fire and create examples of what the possibilities are. The real community music will happen when that is generating spontaneously out of community. (Linsey Pollak, 28 January 1993)


Currently,the problematic rural financing and the fact that farmers find it very hard to get loans from bank have conducted a serious bottleneck to the rural economic development of Baoding.This essay aims to analyze the chief problems standing in the development of the small credit of the rural areas and put forward the sound strategys via probing the developing status quo of the small credit of the rural areas in Baoding.


When the formula of Lagrange basis polynomials (LBPs) and an algebraic identity of fractions are used in combination, a product of two different LBPs is re-expressed as a sum of two functions. When N is the number of basis polynomials for an element of FEM, the discretized matrix of an operator such as potential function may be dense and has O(N) non-zero entries by its original definition, but it can be re-expressed in the combination of entries of reduced matrices which have only O(N) values in total. Therefore, the amount of storage to represent the discretized operator would be reduced.


The invention relates to the field of heating devices container induction culinaire.C'est a heater by induction cooking vessel, comprising at least three concentric inductors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and comprising a step load heating. For a load covering at least three inductors, at least one intermediate inductor covered, determined so as to homogenize the input of heat to the load is not energized during chauffage.L'invention step may in particular be applied in of domestic hotplates.


In this paper,temperature distributions of buried cable were analyzed according to the knowledge of heat transfer,after constructing heat conduction equation and boundary condition,temperature distributions were calculated with the finite element method in which the grids diˉvided into a triangle format.The ampacities of cables are solved with dichotomy.Temperature distribution maps of three single core cables and the relation between ampacities and buried depth are obtained.


The role of voluntary sector service provision in local communities has been largely overlooked, but is increasingly critical to the quality of urban life. This paper provides an exploratory analysis of questions about the distribution of voluntary activity within metropolitan regions and the determinants of voluntary service provision levels. A variety of hypotheses concerning the distribution of voluntary resources in the social welfare and community services (SWCS) sector are tested utilizing data on nonprofit organizations and local jurisdictions within the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Results indicate that cities within this region with relatively abundant SWCS resources tend to be older inner-ring working-class suburbs, in contrast to the significantly reduced scale of SWCS activities found in outlying affluent communities, industrial enclaves, and cities with large minority and service-dependent populations.


The book "The The Qur'an Misinterpreted, Mistranslated, and Misread: the Aramaic Language of the The Qur'an" was published in 2006 by Gabriel Sawma. The author has claimed that the language of the Qur'an is the Syro-Aramaic, and most of its teachings are derived from Jewish-Christian sources. Among his claims, he alleges that Muslims have misunderstood the verse 116 of Surah al-Baqarah: "And they say Allah has taken to Himself a son Glory be to Him..." (Wa Qālūt takhadhal lāhu Waladāan Subĥānahu). He regards the word ' ذَخَّتا' (Has taken) as a distortion of the Syriac « ذحَّتا » (has united) happened by the Qur'anic scribers. According to this recitation, the meaning of the verse is "They said that God is united with the Son". This meaning is in accordance with the New Testament doctrine of the incarnation of God through the Son. In this paper, Gabriel Sawma's viewpoint is reviewed and criticized by two intra-religious aspects including the Qur'an and Arabic literature and extra-religious features including linguistic historical-comparative in some branches of Sami languages and interfaith research. The authors conclude that the textual and linguistic evidence prove contrary to the Sawma's claim.


Simple Summary Metastasis in general represents the progression phenotype whereby cancer cells break from a malignant primary location and travel to and invade other distant organs. Theoretically, tumor cells that exit the primary tumor might be eliminated by immune cells. The immune system has the ability to recognize and eliminate malignant tumor cells; however, failed immune surveillance contributes to cancer development. Disseminated tumor cells persist and reemerge as a clinically symptomatic disease. How do disseminated tumor cells evade immune surveillance? In this context, tumor/immune system interactions play a key role and are the subject of intense scrutiny. After colonization, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments of metastatic lesions promote tumor growth and worsen prognosis. Here, we discuss scientific advances relating to the interaction between disseminated tumor cells and the immune cells in tissue-specific tumor microenvironments. Abstract Most cancer-related deaths are a consequence of metastases, a series of linear events, notably the invasion–metastasis cascade. The current understanding of cancer immune surveillance derives from studies in primary tumors, but disseminated cancer cells acquire mutations and, in some cases, appear to progress independently after spreading from primary sites. An early step in this process is micrometastatic dissemination. As such, the equilibrium between the immune system and disseminated cancer cells controls the fate of the cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exhibit significant clinical activity in patients, but the efficacy of ICIs depends on both the tumor and its microenvironment. Data often suggest that disseminated cancer cells are not adequately targeted by the immune system. In this review, we summarize the main basic findings of immune responses against disseminated tumor cells and their organ-specific characteristics. Such studies may provide new directions for cancer immune therapy.


By sorting out the action and the application of Astragalus in the main works about Chinese herb during the different historical period, the experience that the physician had applied Astragalus could be known, the whole process that Astragalus had been applied from begin has been understood. Based on that study, its beneficial to reasonably apply Astragalus in the clinical application, further to deeply find and succeed the potential and the loosed action and the applied experience of Astragalus. That study provides the theory foundation for further expanding the applied scope of Astragalus, also presents a kind of train of thought for the research and develop of new Chinese herbs.


Many physical problems involve quantities that depend on more than one variable. The temperature within a "large"1 solid body of conducting material varies with both time and location within the material. When such problems are modeled, what results is a differential equation involving partial derivatives, or a partial differential equation..


A potentially dangerous explosion was triggered by the inadvertent mixing, at ambient temperature, of small quantities of nitric acid and an unidentified organic substance. The explosion occurred in a knock-out vessel at a hazardous waste treatment centre. Two operators were injured and the vessel was severely damaged, with the side wall parting from the base. Other tanks, pipe work and connections also suffered serious damage. Based on the documented waste streams present, and the apparent lack of mixing of incompatible streams, the incident was at first difficult to explain. However, laboratory analysis of residues from the knock-out vessel confirmed the presence of traces of an organic nitro compound, providing the final link in the chain of a plausible mechanism for the explosion. The incident underlines the importance of strict separation of nitric acid and organics in the treatment of hazardous wastes.


Abstract The inefficiency of peritoneal dialysis in reducing the serum urea nitrogen concentration in heat stress and exercise-induced acute renal failure is due to an increased rate of urea produc...


In this article, based on the theory of micromagnetism, a microstructural model of the behavior of the Heusler alloy in a magnetic field is constructed. The dynamics of the magnetic process is described by the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. Using the Galerkin procedure, variational equations corresponding to the differential relations of the magnetic problem are written out. For numerical simulation, we consider the problem of magnetization of a Ni2MnGa alloy polytwin crystals, each grain of which is a twinned variant of martensite and has pronounced anisotropic properties. First, we consider the process of magnetization of a single grain, when an external magnetic field is applied at different angles to the anisotropy axes of twinned variants, and then, based on the results obtained, we plot magnetization curves for various (isotropic and texture-oriented) polycrystalline samples. This paper does not consider the process of detwinning, which can occur in such a material during the magnetization at a sufficiently high external field strength.


In medical parlance circumcision refer generally to male circumcision and is not destructive or mutilative. Circumcision is not synonymous with women. Feminists and FGM abolition activists are of the view that the term "female circumcision" is fallacious because it is confusing male circumcision which is non-destructive with female genital surgery which is destructive. 4 As a result feminists coined a term called "female genital mutilation" (FGM). The word "mutilation" captures the violent nature of the act. Cultural anthropologists and practitioners of female circumcision on the other hand are opposed to the term "FGM". To them the word "mutilation" is offensive and judgemental and an attack on the culture of the practitioners. They argued that this amount to stigmatisation and derogation and the correct terminology is "female circumcision". 5 The UNICEF/UNIFEM/UNFPA and other United Nations agencies admitted that the word "mutilation" is problematic and it was Abstract Female circumcision or female genital mutilation (FGM) is a traditional and cultural practice among Africans including some tribes in Nigeria. Its origin dates back to antiquity. FGM is the amputation and mutilation of the sex organ of girls and women for various cultural, medical and traditional reasons. The practice is inimical and dangerous to the health of the victims. It also violates rights of women. This paper discussed how the practice can be eradicated through the legal framework of legislation, education, enlightenment, and human rights norms.


Abstract  We evaluated dementia symptoms to clarify the character of dementia with Alzheimer's disease (AD) observed in the oldest old patients and that of dementia with early‐onset AD. Subjects were consecutive AD inpatients admitted for the first time at age of 90 years and over because of behavioral symptoms (demented nonagenarian group: D90G; n = 18) and those with 24 consecutive inpatients with AD with early‐onset (EOG). The Gottfries, Brane and Steen's scale and the Dementia Behavior Disturbance scale were used to evaluate the symptoms and troublesome behaviors. The scores of these scales in D90G and in EOG were compared with those of 26 sex distribution‐, severity of dementia‐, and disease duration‐matched inpatients with AD with late‐onset (LOG). Compared with LOG, wakefulness was more impaired and waking up at night was more frequent in D90G, while memory, orientation and inappropriate behaviors were more severe in EOG. These results suggest that the clinical features of dementia in EOG were quantitatively different from those of LOG. In contrast, the clinical feature of dementia of D90G were sleep–wake pattern disturbance and were qualitatively different from those of LOG.


Objective:To study the effects of high-concentration distilled water(DW) and cisplatin administered locally in a short time on osteosarcoma(OS) cells.Methods:Cultured osteosarcoma cells,U2-OS,were divided into the DW group,the DW31.25 group,the DW62.5 group,the DW125 group,the DW250 group and the DW500 group according to the corresponding concentrations of cisplatin applied,i.e.31.25 μg/mL,62.5 μg/mL,125 μg/mL,250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL,respectively.Then,osteosarcoma cells were processed for 5 minutes.At 0,24,48,72 and 96h,the inhibition rates of tumor cells were determined by MTT assay.Changes of cells in morphology and quantity were observed under inverted microscopy.Results:Among the groups,there was no significant difference in the inhibition rates at 0 h.Though no differences were observed among the DW62.5 group,the DW125 group,the DW250 group and the DW500 group at 96h,the inhibition rates were significantly higher than those of the DW group and the DW31.25 group.In the former 4 groups,hardly any osteosarcoma cells survived at 96h while massive osteosarcoma cells survived in the DW group.Conclusion:High-concentration distilled water and cisplatin administered in a local and short-time manner produces strong killing effect on osteosarcoma cells.


A survey was performed to elicit details about attendees of the continuing education program given in Denver at the 1968 MLA Annual Meeting. Factors considered included sex, age, geographic distribution, professional mobility, educational background, current jobs, and interest in further continuing education.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and method for raising a firefly is provided to prevent the extinction of fireflies by raising fireflies and raise a large quantity of fireflies. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus comprises: a container(10) for looking inside; a brood growing portion(20) located in the container(10) and having sand(21) and gravels(22) buried in the water; an oxygen supply unit(30) for supplying oxygen to the water of the brood growing portion(20); a soil cavity forming portion(40) arranged so that fireflies in the brood growing portion(20) can move and be positioned by themselves and having wet soil(40) laid thereto; and a hatching portion(50) located at an upper part of the brood growth portion(20), connected to the soil cavity forming portion(40), provided with multiple holes(51) through which hatched firefly broods can pass and arranged to have leaves of grass laid thereto.


During the transformation of Chinese economic system, the government always plays the role of the"primary acting group" in the institution change.But in different periods, the predominant role of the government may have different characteristics.The paper, viewing from the new institutional economics, tries to reveal the transfer of the government role, analyse the problems and reasons during the transformation from the planned economy to the market economy, and discuss how to orientate the government role properly.


The quality of human resources should improve and become more competitive as education levels rise. A high level of education is essential to developing high-caliber labor. In contrast to other nations, Indonesia's participation rate for students who continue their education in tertiary institutions is still low. This research is motivated by the lack of interest of students to continue their education to tertiary institutions. This study aims to determine the effect of parents' socio-economic conditions on students' interest in continuing their education to tertiary education in class XI students of SMK Telkom Pekanbaru. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The population in this study were 206 students. The research sample used a simple random sampling technique of 67 students. This research data collection method using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is simple regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that there was a positive and significant influence on the socio-economic conditions of parents on students' interest in continuing their education to tertiary institutions in class XI students of SMK Telkom Pekanbaru.


Provided is a syringe assembly (10) that comprises an outer cylinder (2) and a seal cap (3) that is mounted to the outer cylinder (2). The seal cap (3) is provided with: a blocked tip section (31); an open base end section (32); a hollow section (30) that is provided with a nozzle accommodation section (35) that accommodates a nozzle (22) and a piercing needle accommodation section (34); a puncturable section (33) that can be punctured by the piercing needle tip (61) of a piercing needle (6); and a protruding section (36) that is formed on the inner surface of the nozzle accommodation section (35). The protruding section (36) comprises a top section (36a) and a tip-side inclined section (36b) that extends toward the tip from the top section (36a). In the syringe assembly body (10), the seal cap (3) is mounted to the nozzle (22) of the outer cylinder (2), the piercing needle tip (61) pierces into the puncturable section (33), the protruding section (36) of the seal cap (3) and an annular recessed section (25) of the nozzle (22) engage, and the tip-side inclined section (36b) is pushed against the outer surface of an annular head section (24) in order to achieve a sealed state.


In this paper, we give some new sufficient conditions for log-balancedness of combinatorial sequences. In particular, we show that the product of two log-convex sequences is log-balanced under a mild condition. Then, we apply this result to a series of special combinatorial sequences. In addition, we show some results by using the definition of log-balancedness directly.


Owing to its automatability, solid phase organic synthesis (SPOS) continues to evolve as a means to create and modify compound libraries via combinatorial chemistry. SPOS is a technology adapted from bio-chemistry and peptide synthesis pioneered by R. B. Merrifield, which later earned him a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1984. The solid-phase synthesis carries many advantages over classical solution-phase synthetic methods which may include purification of products by simple filtration of the polymer matrix, easy handling, low moisture susceptibility, minimum side reaction, polymerization-free due to site-isolation of polymer beads and recyclability of the polymer matrix for repeated use; thereby adding the 'green' credentials of the whole processes. Consequently, polymer-bound reagents have drawn huge attention from industry and academia for their easy handling, separation, and reusability. In addition, as polymeric reagents/catalyst can be recycled and reused they can be used in an excess amount to drive the reaction faster.


In cloud computing, data owners host their data on cloud servers and data consumers can access the data from cloud servers. Due to the data outsourcing, however, this new paradigm of data hosting service also introduces new security challenges, which requires an independent auditing service to check the data integrity in the cloud. However, the existing solutions are not specific to the multimedia data. Moreover copyright protection is not provided. In this paper, we define specially a provable data possession model for multimedia file, and present a framework based on digital watermarking for multimedia data storage audit service, in which we define the security features of audit service for multimedia data outsourcing and the corresponding properties of digital watermarking.


Preface Introduction The Process What Is Handwriting? Moving from the General to the Specific More Fundamentals The Stroke Fear Traits and Ego-Defenses Case Studies Salespeople, Managers, and Company Presidents A Smorgasbord of Jobs Validity Studies and Laws A Review of the Literature Legal Considerations: How to Work with a Graphologist Bibliography Index


The theory of classes based on the concept of identity of objects (offered by B. Russell and A. Whitehead) is considered in this article. The criticism of the given concept is analyzed from the point of views of L. Wittgenstein and F.P. Ramsey. The differences of these points are compared. It is shown that the concept of identity as equalizing of the signs, which used in mathematical expressions (Wittgenstein), contrasts with the concept of the identity, which used as integrative part of specific mathematical tautologies.


A new concept for a field portable spectrometer designed to meet the needs of the remote sensing community is presented. This instrument uses acoustooptic tunable filters (AOTFs) as wavelength sorters, allowing the design of a rugged, compact, light-weight tool that provides broad spectral coverage, great versatility, and ease of utilization. The spectrometer provides continuous spectral coverage from 0.4 to 2.5 microns with two channels defined by detector technology, while a visible channel covering the 0.4 to 1.0 micron spectral range uses silicon PV photodiodes. The short-wavelength IR channel covers the 0.9 to 2.5 micron special range with thermoelectrically cooled lead sulfide PC detectors.


The aims of this study were, i) to determine the biophysical characteristics of the substrate using Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nutrient, heavy metal, Carbon to Nitrogen and Ammonianitrogen content analyses, and ii) to compare the biogas production between goat dung and chicken dung using industrial inoculum and traditional bokashi as catalyst. Bio-Methane Potential (BMP) test was used to measure biogas production in mesophilic condition for time duration of 20 days. The goat's dung produced 2141 mL of biogas, higher than 1885.7 mL that of chicken dung using industrial inoculum . It was found that goat dung and chicken dung can be used as an energy source in a small scale industry as compared to the traditional bokashi where no methane gas was produced from the substrates.


YO-YO intermittent endurance test and YO-YO intermittent recovery tests are the most popular international tests in evaluating football-specific endurance.But there are little researches about these tests in our country.By reviewing literatures about previous research,this paper analyzed the validity sensibility and reproducibility of YO-YO intermittent tests used in evaluating football-specific endurance for football training.The recent results showed that YO-YO intermittent endurance test which are lock of experimental researchs in our country,focused on the capacity to carry out intermittent exercise,whereas the YO-YO intermittent recovery tests could availably evaluate an individual's ability to repeatedly perform intense exercise with good sensibility and reproducibility.


This research selects 281 teachers working in a vocational-technical college as subjects,takes random samples in different levels and gathers the facts by questionnaires.The purpose of this research is to use empirical method to know the professional stress and burnout status of high vocational college teachers;to discuss influential factors and also the influence of demonology on professional stress and professional burnout;to provide some references and suggestions about developing a teacher-oriented concept of modern management,creating a teacher-friendly environment and implementing scientific management.


Carrying out investigations in the framework of the scientific network INTI (International Network of Territorial Intelligence, http://inti.hypotheses.org/), the main idea is here to value the contribution of multiple approaches in territorial information and communication science that can be experienced there. Inspired by the triad of Pestalozzi, these experiences have applied and adapted the territorial engineering approach "Catalyse" in their territories.
From the cooperative structuring of information to concrete initiatives of local change, communication processes make possible iterations between understanding and action, in which the analysis of the effects of systemic action resulting also shows the importance of emotions, will, and prejudice.
These information and communication processes involved in a co-construction of territorial cultures, giving citizens scientific means and simple to be both writers and actors of necessary changes.


Non-linear wave motion on the free water surface in a two-dimensional container subjected to external periodical excitation is considered in this paper. In order to analyse the problem for arbitrary container geometries, a solution scheme using free surface Lagrangean particles is employed. Fluid motion is assumed to be governed by the Laplace equation in terms of the velocity potential with a non-linear pressure equation on the surface. The boundary element method with explicit time marching is used by the fluid region boundary discretization alone at each time increment. Various containers with an inclined side wall are analysed for the horizontal sway motion and compared.


Sleep disturbance is one of the most common health problems in older adults. They often experience more sleep disturbance than young adults. The most commonly diagnosed sleep disorder among the elderly is insomnia [1]. Insomnia is defined as having symptoms related to sleep including difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, nocturnal waking, and waking without feeling rested. Prevalence as well as severity of insomnia is known to increase with age [2]. Insomnia prevalence rate among older adults is similar across the world despite some differences depending on measureThe Associations between Anger Expression and Insomnia among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Korea


A theory of fertility is necessary to assess the justification for family planning and to understand the effectiveness of the programs. 3 possibilities for uses of a theory of fertility are discussed: 1) assessment of population projections, 2) indications of what can be expected from family planning, and 3) assessment of population control projects. Birthrates are high, but fertility rates in developing countries are between 40% and 60% below the maximum possible. Social and cultural elements and economic incentives and constraints play a role in keeping the birthrates high. Economic development is frequently accompanied by a drop in fertility, but economic development implies other simultaneous changes which influence fertility rates. Gary Becker's fertility theory holds that with higher income people would purchase more children, the people behaving as they would in purchasing consumer durables. However, higher income groups frequently have fewer children. Becker says that higher income families want high-quality children who are more expensive. A pure economic theory does not explain all of the fertility variations; it is necessary to take account of the socioeconomic processes that result from economic development. Family planning policies that influence people's motivations should be developed.


The ever-evolving corporate landscape, catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic and rapid advancements in information technologies, has given rise to a new organizational philosophy. As novel sectors emerge and new forms of work and business processes unfold, change becomes a necessity integrated into companies' survival strategies. The dynamic, diverse, and discontinuous nature of the contemporary business environment demands a deeper understanding of organizational changes. Despite the prevalence of change, a significant number of initiated change programs fail, emphasizing the need for effective change management. While numerous change management theories exist, empirical validation and practical testing are often lacking, creating a gap between theory and application. This paper presents a critical exploration of prominent process models of organizational change, aiming to identify a unified diagnostic process model that addresses existing shortcomings and leverages the strengths of these models. The research identifies ten common phases in various process models, leading to the formulation of a 10F process model of organizational change. This model encompasses crucial stages such as problem diagnosis, creating a sense of urgency, establishing leadership roles, vision creation, planning, communication, implementation, short-term results, stabilization, and monitoring. The 10F model offers a comprehensive framework for understanding and managing diverse organizational changes. This research contributes to bridging the gap between theory and practice, providing valuable insights for managers, researchers, and practitioners engaged in organizational change initiatives.


The present study was conducted to explore the potential use of tree pruning waste as replacement material in papermaking. The investigation shows that the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of the fabricated tree pruning waste papers are increased with the elevation of sodium hydroxide concentration, up to 20 % and 15 %, respectively. The morphological analysis confirms the performance improvement of tree pruning waste papers is achieved through the removal of lignin on the fibre surface. The sodium hydroxide concentration must be properly regulated to prevent the tree pruning waste fibres from degradation. The present study confirms the tree pruning waste holds immense potential to be used as the replacement material in papermaking, which, in turns, serve as a guideline to further diversify the use of tree pruning waste.The present study was conducted to explore the potential use of tree pruning waste as replacement material in papermaking. The investigation shows that the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of the fabricated tree pruning waste papers are increased with the elevation of sodium hydroxide concentration, up to 20 % and 15 %, respectively. The morphological analysis confirms the performance improvement of tree pruning waste papers is achieved through the removal of lignin on the fibre surface. The sodium hydroxide concentration must be properly regulated to prevent the tree pruning waste fibres from degradation. The present study confirms the tree pruning waste holds immense potential to be used as the replacement material in papermaking, which, in turns, serve as a guideline to further diversify the use of tree pruning waste.


Silicofluoric acid has strong corrosion, considering of economy, rubber and plastics high_molecular materials are often selected for pump manufacture, rather than Carpenter20, Hastelley alloy and Monel etc. precious metal. Rubber and plastics etc. high_molecular materials are corrosion_resist, have good machinery property, and the price is reasonable. We succeed in replacing overseas pumps by homeland's through comparing and analyzing in this paper.


Traditional high dynamic range (HDR) photography is performed by capturing multiple images of the same scene with different exposure times, which are then digitally combined to produce an image with great detail in both its light and dark areas. However, this method is not viable for moving subjects since the multiple exposures are not captured simultaneously. Recently an alternative method has been developed in which beamsplitters are utilized to simultaneously record the same image on three identical sensors at different illumination levels. This process enables single-shot HDR photography as well as continuous HDR video. This paper describes the design of a 2.5x zoom lens for use in this application. The design satisfies the challenging working distance and ray angle constraints imposed by the placement of two beamsplitters between the lens and the image plane. The particular importance of first-order layout when designing a retrofocus zoom lens is also discussed.


Borohydride as fuel for fuel cell has attracted much attention due to its high theoretical electromotive force and specific energy in recent years.Theoretically,one ion of BH-4 can generate eight electrons,however,the number of electrons generated by per ion of BH-4 oxidized is different due to the different anode electrocatalysts.How to restrain the borohydride hydrolysis and how to obtain eight-electron reaction are the key issues for the direct borohydride fuel cell.In this paper,the anode electrocatalysts used in the direct borohydride fuel cells were reviwed and some problems in further study were discussed.


Purpose
Natural good-quality sources of aggregates are depleting, whereas large amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is produced annually. Safe disposal and use of RAP in the cold in-place recycling (CIR) using foamed bitumen could be sustainable approach where milling and mixing operations are accomplished simultaneously. This will not only help in minimizing contamination (probability) and transportation cost but also reduces the carbon footprints. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the scope of RAP utilization up to 100% and further its effect on the behavior of reclaimed asphalt foamed bituminous mix.

Design/methodology/approach
Reclaimed asphalt foamed bituminous mix (FBM) is still a new technique. The evidence of performance of 100% recycled pavement (CIR) is only anecdotal and lacks in systematic guidelines and literatures. Foam binder coating around the aggregates is also a concern. Therefore, this study is mainly emphasized to investigate the scope of RAP use in the FBM up to 100%. RAP content is varied in each trial, i.e. 70, 85, 100 and 0% (only fresh aggregates), to make the FBM. RAP use and its effect on the behavior of FBM in terms of resilient modulus, variation in resilient modulus with curing, rutting performance and the potential of resistance against the moisture damage are addressed.

Findings
Considering the laboratory studies, it can be accomplished that mechanistic properties and performance of FBM are largely influenced by RAP material and portray less susceptible characteristics against the moisture damage. FBM containing 70% RAP content exhibits maximum resilient modulus. However, use of RAP up to 100% in FBM is satisfying the minimum required specification.

Originality/value
Overall, the study may be helpful to highway professionals and could generate another possible option of 100% RAP replacing fresh aggregates in the flexible pavements.


The flow properties of fluid in the catalyst sealing of an axial-radial flow reactor were studied in a cold experimental plant with 3 m diameter and 7 m height. The two-dimensional flow model was also used to simulate and analyze the flow properties of the fluid in the catalyst sealing. The results show that both the axial and radial flow are coexisted and the axial one is dominate in the catalyst sealing of the axial-radial flow reactor. The effect of the catalyst sealing height on the residence time of the fluid in the catalyst sealing is significant. When the height of the catalyst sealing is 0.5 m, there is 6.5% of outflow flowing through the top of the catalyst sealing, and the smallest residence time of the fluid in the catalyst sealing is half of that in the main catalyst bed. When the catalyst sealing height is 1.6 m, there is 3.1% of outflow flowing through the top of the catalyst sealing, and the longest residence time of the fluid in the catalyst sealing is six times of that in the main catalyst bed. Setting a catalyst limiting zone can finely change the flow field distribution, but does not affect the residence time of fluid in the main catalyst bed. Compared with the situation of without setting limiting zone, when the distributor perforated ratio of the set limiting zone is 25% of that of the main catalyst bed, in the catalyst sealing the smallest residence time increases by 30% and the longest residence time increases only 10%. An appropriate height of the catalyst sealing is the key factor for the application efficiency of the catalyst sealing and the safety of the reactor.


Correspondence: Qi Zhang Department of Cardiology, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing TCM University, 25 Heping North Road, Changzhou 213003, China Tel +86 519 8989 6746 Fax +86 519 8989 6680 Email firstname.lastname@example.com Background and methods: It has been reported that C/T dimorphism at position 1418 of the thrombomodulin gene causes a cytosine (C) transition to thymidine (T), resulting in an alanine (A) to valine (V) substitution at amino acid position 455 (TM455). TM455 had been found not only in African American and American whites, but also in whites in The Netherlands and Sweden. Among these populations, the C/C genotype is predominant, although the distribution of this dimorphism is different. Thrombomodulin is an important anticoagulant protein that is downregulated in endothelial cells overlying atherosclerotic plaques and is also an anti-inflammatory molecule. TM455 is located in the last epidermal growth factor-like repeat of thrombomodulin, which is functionally important for protein C activation and thrombin binding. The distribution of thrombomodulin polymorphism and association between TM455, inflammatory cytokines, and carotid atherosclerosis in the Chinese Han population is unclear. Methods: This thrombomodulin dimorphism was analyzed by allele-specific amplification in 144 patients with carotid atherosclerosis and in 384 healthy controls. TM455 was found in the Chinese Han population, but the genotype frequency and distribution of each genotype in this population differed substantially from that in other ethnic subgroups. The C/T and T/T genotypes were predominant in the Chinese Han population, and the frequency of the T allele in this population (63.8%) was much higher than that in whites in The Netherlands (18%), Sweden (26.1%), and the US (18.4%), and in blacks in the US (7.6%). The frequencies of these single nucleotide polymorphisms complied well with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in healthy individuals. The C allele was significantly more common among patients with carotid atherosclerosis than in controls (P , 0.05). The frequency of the C allele was 45.5% in patients and 36.2% in controls. The thrombomodulin Ala455 genotypes C/C and C/T were significantly more common than the T/T genotype in patients with carotid atherosclerosis in the Chinese Han population. In addition, higher baseline levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (55.45 ± 11.58 pg/mL versus 52.70 ± 10.74 pg/mL; P , 0.05), interleukin-6 (31.53 ± 10.51 pg/mL versus 27.73 ± 8.37 pg/mL; P , 0.01), and C-reactive protein (6.65 ± 2.01 mg/L versus 4.06 ± 1.03 mg/L; P , 0.01) were observed in patients with carotid atherosclerosis than in controls. Interestingly, compared with baseline inflammatory cytokine levels in those with the Val/Val genotype, higher baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels were observed for the Ala/Ala genotype in both patients with carotid atherosclerosis and healthy controls. Conclusion: Our results support a significant association between thrombomodulin Ala455Val dimorphism, inflammatory cytokines, and carotid atherosclerosis in the Chinese Han population.


FORV Sagar Sampada was acquired by the Department of Ocean
Development, Government of India during the end of the VI Five-Year
Plan period for conducting fishery and oceanographic research in the
Exclusive Economic Zone of India and beyond. The vessel was built in
Denmark and arrived India (Bombay) on 27th December 1934 and reached
her home port Cochin on 3Oth December 1984


This keynote speech was presented at the beginning of the 8th Asian Congress on Nutrition in Seoul, Korea (August 27-September 2, 1999).


Objective To analyze the current situation of HIV infection and related high risk behaviors to provide reference for future intervention.Methods Snowball method was used to enroll MSM who lived in Liaoning Province in 2012 to conduct questionnaire survey to collect information about demographic features,HIV/AIDS awareness and the related high risk behaviors.Blood was collected to test HIV.The database was set up by Epidata 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS19.0.Results Totally,2006 copies of the questionnaires were received.The awareness rate of HIV/AIDS related knowledge was 95.8%.The rate of condom use during last anal intercourse and commercial sex activities was 88.4% and 94.1%,respectively.The proportion of person diagnosed with STI(s) was 1.2% during last year and the HIV positive rate was 6.7% in this survey.The risk of HIV infection was 23.29 times higher among those who did not use condom during the last anal intercourse than those who used,122.17 times higher among those who did not use condom during the last commercial sex than those who used,45.43 times higher among those who did not receive peer education service than those who received,and 2.34 times higher among MSM from Dalian than those from Yingkou.Conclusion The percentage of HIV/AIDS knowledge awareness and condom use was high among MSM in Liaoning Province,but the prevalence of HIV was still at a high level. More efforts should be made.


The purpose of this article is to explore the three types of water-based recreationists' (nonmotorized, motorized, and dual participants) perception on recreation conflict as well as their use of coping mechanisms and further understand the influence of specialization level on their choice of coping mechanism. Recreationists were divided into three groups based on the concept of experience use history. Data were collected between June and September 2007 at entry of five intra-site water recreation areas with every five individuals selected. Study findings partly supported the predictive relationships. Among all three groups (motorized, nonmotorized, and dual participants), less conflict was reported for nonmotorized participants than motored participants. Moreover, the data also suggest that coping mechanisms are widely employed in outdoor recreation. Implications for future research and practice were discussed.


To study the mode of inheritance of the speltoid supressor gene Q , in wheat, ten chemically induced homospeltoid mutants of the variety, 'Sonora 63', were crossed among themselves and with the parent. From the pattern of segregation in F2 of different crosses, it is inferred that different strengths of Q , occur in different homospeltoid parents. The homospeltoid phenotype could be expressed either after a deletion or functional alteration of the Q , genes in one homologue. This may be a speciality of the action of EMS on gene repeats. The plants exhibit homospeltoid phenotype upto three doses of Q , including both the homologues of 5A chromosome. Four to five doses of Q , are exhibited as heterospeltoid phenotype and with six doses of Q , the phenotype becomes free threshing. There were evidences from this investigation that spcltoids, after a certain threshold of Q , dosage, tend towards the phenotype of vulgare types.


My topic will look at the issue of unlicensed soccer academies in Africa and how they exploit the families of kids with dreams of traveling to Europe and playing for major soccer clubs like Manchester United and Real Madrid. Before looking at this specific issue, the larger picture of human trafficking must be looked at as to why it happens in the first place. Looking at current laws and looking at their effectiveness of decreasing trafficking. Human trafficking awareness is the underlying goal because if people don't know about the issue, no one will do anything about it. Document Type Undergraduate Project Professor's Name Katharine Burakowski Subject Categories Sports Management This undergraduate project is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/sport_undergrad/60 EXPLOTATION OF AFRICAN YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS 1 The Exploitation and Trafficking of African Youth Soccer Players In Their Pursuit for Soccer Stardom Christopher J. Guido St. John Fisher College EXPLOTATION OF AFRICAN YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS 2


Based on Visual Basic 6.0, a metro traction simulation platform was researched and designed providing computer simulation of metro vehicle, running track, load, control strategy and the function of automatic statements about simulation results. The algorithm of traditional braking criterion was improved, and the algorithm of buffer braking criterion was proposed, which was greatly enhanced the accuracy of braking. The input parameters of the simulation platform was optimized to fit the actual metro for believable.


This paper looks at the need for and criteria used to invest in infrastructure. This term can cover a wide variety of assets. One element of the infrastructure of the UK is its language and its institutions, which are arguably among the most important elements in our continued success and some commentators would like to see us invest more effort into them. However, for the purposes of this paper, I shall concentrate on assets which have a physical dimension.


Introduction With the development of the pure-tone audiometer has come an improved and increasingly more reliable hearing test technique for evaluating the auditory acuity of the hard of hearing adult. At the same time, the inadequateness and unreliability of this means of testing the hearing of infants, children, malingerers, and persons with psychogenic deafness has been acknowledged. 1 The principal weakness of the conventional audiometric technique for young children lies in its dependency upon purely subjective responses and the conscious cooperation of the child. Frequently, he cannot be made to understand or comprehend what he is supposed to do. This is especially true if the child has a language problem. It is apparent, moreover, that to the young child, pure-tone stimuli tend to be meaningless, uninteresting, and easily ignored. His attention span is short. Having him remain still with minimal movement for as long as half an hour is virtually


Cache controller 419, which is formed so as to speculatively invalidate cache lines, instead of waiting for error checking is completed, it is possible to immediately respond to the disable request or instruction. The error check, if an invalid is determined that not to be executed wrong, the cache controller, until the error checking is complete, prevents the speculatively invalidated cache line is changed. Thus, if the invalid is found to be incorrect later speculative invalid can be reverse. Without being detected error at all, if the error check has been completed, the speculative invalid would not be speculative.


High-performance once-through boiling of potassium in single tubes at saturation temperatures of 1500 deg to 1750 deg F - application to design of large power boiler


As the hate content is expressed based on the identity of an individual, it is influencing communal violence in society. The inappropriate content can be detected and analyzed using automated AI systems. The purpose of this paper is to study the role of AI systems in the detection of online hate content and how the cognitive processes affect the behavior of an individual. Therefore, using related keywords in the research domain, the published articles are searched through different search engines. The information from the associated articles and sources is reported in the paper. The literature review revealed that social media platforms could use AI systems to detect and analyze online hate content. It has been observed that the cognitive process affects both the perpetrators and the victims of online hate content. The paper also highlights some of the challenges in controlling online hate content. The paper concludes with a note that the hate content can be reduced by building robust AI systems and healthier cognitive processes of an individual.


We generalize the construction of integrals of motion for quantum superintegrable models and the deformed oscillator algebra approach. This is presented in the context of 1D systems admitting ladder operators satisfying a parabosonic algebra involving reflection operators and more generally c λ ?> extended oscillator algebras with grading. We apply the construction on two-dimensional c λ ?> oscillators. We also introduce two new superintegrable Hamiltonians that are the anisotropic Dunkl and the singular Dunkl oscillators. Integrals are constructed by extending the approach of Daskaloyannis to include grading. An algebraic derivation of the energy spectra of the two models is presented, making use of finite dimensional unitary representations. We show how the spectra divide into sectors, and make comparisons with the physical case.


Purpose – International assignments, which are used as an integral part of global management development, are challenging in terms of one's managerial competencies and self‐concept. However, not much is known about how managers develop during international assignments, or about the process of their identity construction. The purpose of this paper is to show the need for studying international assignments from an identity construction perspective and to build up an interdisciplinary framework for this kind of study.Design/methodology/approach – The paper offers a new and an eclectic approach on expatriation by reviewing and combining current literature on expatriation, identity and career.Findings – As a result of the theoretical discussion the paper notes that more empirical research is needed about the consequences of foreign assignments on individual managers' identity and subjective career and suggests narratives as a promising strategy to capture the fluid process of identity construction during expat...


DAPK-1 is a stress-activated tumor suppressor protein that plays a role in both proapoptotic or antiapoptotic signal transduction pathways. To define mechanisms of DAPK-1 protein regulation, we have determined that DAPK-1 protein has a long half-life, and therefore its activity is primarily regulated at the protein level. Changes in DAPK-1 protein levels occur by a cathepsin B-dependent pathway, prompting us to evaluate whether cathepsin B plays positive or negative role in DAPK-1 function. The transfection of p55-TNFR-1 induced complex formation between DAPK-1 and cathepsin B. Depletion of cathepsin B protein using small interfering RNA stimulated TNFR-1 dependent apoptosis. The minimal binding region on DAPK-1 for cathepsin B was mapped to amino acids 836–947. The transfection of the DAPK-1-(836–947) miniprotein acted in a dominant negative manner inducing endogenous DAPK-1 protein degradation in a TNFR-1-dependent manner. These data suggest that DAPK-1 forms a multiprotein survival complex with cathepsin B countering the rate of TNFR-1-dependent apoptosis and highlights the importance of developing DAPK-1 inhibitors as agents to sensitize cells to stress-induced apoptosis.


Microneedling, also known as skin needling or percutaneous collagen induction (PCI), is considered an effective method of improving scars. Despite being initially described as a technique for "cutaneous depressions," mainly scars and wrinkles, its use has also been expanded to stretch marks, facial


Diagnosing diabetes can be easy in patients with symptoms of diabetes and markedly elevated blood glucose levels. However, defining cut-off points for diagnosing diabetes in asymptomatic individuals can be more difficult. Blood glucose levels tend to exist in a continuum in populations, without clear cut-off points separating normal from abnormal. This article reviews the historical background for diagnosing diabetes as well as the pros and cons of currently available diagnostic strategies.


Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed countries [1]. Several epidemiological studies have linked flavonols with decreased risk of stroke [2] and CVD [3], whilst human intervention studies have shown improvements in several biomarkers of CVD risk after flavonol consumption [4]. However, some heterogeneity in the individual physiological responses to the consumption of these compounds has been identified. For example, age and stage of hypertension seem to be important factors influencing the blood pressure lowering effect of quercetin [5, 6]. This meta-analysis aims to analyse the effect of flavanol intake on blood lipids, one of the major biomarkers of CVD risk, and factors affecting the inter-individual variability.
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and trial registry platforms. Only human randomized controlled trials with measured cardiometabolic outcomes were selected for data extraction of the measured outcomes, individual factors of the participants, characteristics of the study, and study quality. From 671 screened references, 19 studies were selected for data extraction and 16 studies were used for meta-analysis on total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triacylglycerides (TAG). Inter-individual variability was assessed by subgroup analysis on BMI, age, sex, country and health status. Estimated intervention/control standardized mean differences suggested that consumption of flavonols was associated with significant reductions in total cholesterol (-0.180 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.307, -0.053), LDL (-0.219 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.350, -0.088) and TAG (-0.280 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.408, -0.151) and a significant increase in HDL (0.235 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.104, 0.365). Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced effect in Asian countries and in participants with normal baseline lipid levels, compared to borderline and high baseline values. Results suggest that ethnicity and health status may influence the effect of flavonol intake on blood lipid levels.


Socialist core value system education in vocational colleges' is a long-term strategic task,a system for large projects.Carrying out intensive socialist core value system of education,grasping regularity, purposeful,enhanced effectiveness,serving for the young students to grow up,is an important task to make the core value system of the Socialist education work in a more solid and effective State laid in each College political educators.


One of the striking outcomes of the recent financial crisis has been a change in the focus of prudential regulation, from a narrow concern with the resiliency of individual institutions (the "micro-prudential" approach) to a broader preoccupation with the entire financial system (the "macro-prudential" approach). The crisis clearly demonstrated that focusing only on the solvency of individual institutions does not guarantee the resilience of the financial system. Indeed, the new banking regulatory framework, "Basel III", which has been put in place in response to the crisis, includes both macro-prudential and micro-prudential elements. (1)


The research aims at finding out the description of rough motor of a child at 4-5 years of age at a kindergarten at Bangkinang District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. Eight indicators are used here to monitor the description of rough motor of a 4-5 year-old child.The highest from all of the indicators is making use of playing tools outside classroom, whichaccounts for 85.17% includes in the criterion of developing very well. For the lowest indicator,there are two criteria. The first is throwing something accuratelyand making anticipatory movement that accounts for 64.83% includesin the criterion of developing as expected. Overall, rough motor ability of a 4-5 year-old at Bangkinang District kindergarten,Kampar Regency, Riau Province has 72.78% that falls into the criterion of developing as expected.


Many colleges continue to report high attrition rates among distance education students. This study included a survey of students at Coastline Community College to determine why they dropped or failed their distance-learning courses and to identify methods that might improve their success and retention. Questionnaires were sent to a group of randomly selected students who responded to five general topics. Support service options in the survey focused on supplemental tutoring and pre-course orientation sessions. Results were cross tabulated by student performance (i.e., success, drop, failure). Fifty-nine percent of the respondents said they would use free tutoring, either onsite or online. Forty-six percent felt they would benefit by orientations. Online tutoring services and a distance learning student success course were developed and offered at Coastline with mixed results.


Our report examines how the culture of the financial regulators contributed to the financial crisis. It assesses the actions taken by the UK's financial regulators to change their culture. It identifies the progress which has been made and the barriers encountered. To gather information we interviewed current and former staff at the regulators together with stakeholders from large and small financial institutions, consumer and SME groups and regulatory experts. The report includes the reactions from staff at the regulators to the cultural change programmes and the perceptions of external stakeholders.


We demonstrate four-times repetition rate multiplication on 10-Gb/s pulse train generated from the active harmonically mode-locked fiber ring laser, hence, achieving 40-Gb/s pulse train by using fractional temporal Talbot effect. The stability and the transient response of the multiplied pulses are studied using the phase-plane technique of nonlinear control engineering. It has been found that the stability of the Talbot-based multiplied pulse train, based on the phase-plane analysis, is hardly achievable even under the perfect multiplication conditions. Furthermore, uneven pulse amplitude distribution is observed in the multiplied pulse train.


The negative effects of the problem of global warming, which is one of the most important problems of the 21st century, are observed in all areas and the quality of life of people is decreasing day by day. In general, the decreasing life quality reasons can be listed such as depending on global warming, the desertification of arable agricultural land, the scarcity of drinking and service water, the inhalation of polluted air due to heavy industrialization, the loss of functions of the forests, of which the growth takes long years for some species and which are natural lungs for the cleaning of polluted air, and give up in fact their place to the landscape and the urban visual concepts, while the loss of the nature population is another trauma, affected by all these negative factors. In this study, it is emphasized that all the negative factors linked to global warming are threatening human security at the international level. Global warming poses a security problem which is dealt with in the environmental context of people, countries and therefore nation states. However, this apparently seeming as "innocent threat" in the context of the environment concept can also be the trigger for the background of regional and international crises. In this context, this study highlights the importance of the political consequences of socio-economic stagnation, crises and migratory movements caused by global warming. In the study, a review of the literature relating to global warming is carried out and the values projecting the temperature anomaly in certain regions of the world are shown with graphs, tables and maps. Certain regions are excluded from the scope of the study of this work. In the thermal anomaly indicators, the years 2005–2020 are taken as the basis. As a result of the study, it is observed that the temperature anomaly continues, and this creates an international security problem in the near future by disrupting environmental factors. In this case, faced with the problem of global warming threatening the world and human beings, the importance of the geopolitics of the Earth in space must be considered instead of the geopolitics of countries where they are located in the world.


It is well known within the industry that conventional drilling fluids can damage the well's producing zone. Damage mechanisms occur due to leakage of drilling fluid into the formation even after the formation of a filter cake. This filtrate contains entrained particulates that can enter the pore spaces of the rock and restrict flow through the pore throats resulting in reduced permeability during production. Cleaner drill-in fluids with low solids content have been developed for use when drilling through a producing zone in an attempt to mitigate the extent of damage caused by leak-off. These fluids should not only provide excellent fluid loss prevention, but also exhibit the rheological characteristics needed to perform the traditional functions of conventional fluids. Even though these fluids reduce the amount of particulates entering the formation by containing less solids, the filtrate that is still able to flow through the filter cake can be equally as damaging. Reduction of filtrate volumes can be further achieved by introducing nanoparticles to bridge across the nano-sized gaps within the filter cake. This research focuses on the application of polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PECNP) as a fluid loss additive to further enhance the filter cake filtration properties of a general drill-in fluid. A baseline fluid is formulated consisting of a sodium chloride brine, biopolymers for rheology and fluid loss purposes, and calcium carbonate as a density and bridging agent. The ratio and pH of polyelectrolytes were optimized in order to create stable PECNPs for this system. Different dilutions of PECNPs were added and tested in a static fluid loss setup, where filtrate volumes were compared to determine the best system of 1/8th diluted nanoparticles. The chosen system was then taken to be tested in the dynamic fluid loss setup "Quasimodo" where fluid loss volumes were successfully reduced and wall building coefficients lowered. Analysis of cleanup curves after testing revealed that the PECNP drill-in fluid was less damaging to the core permeability than when the baseline fluid was used.


PURPOSE: To improve a syringe by offering a sound to inform of the completion of dosage. CONSTITUTION: The end of dosage indicator is cooperative with the dosage knob 15 of the syringe 1 to set a dosage upon being pulled out toward the pull-out direction and to inject out its amount upon being pushed in. This indicator has a sound generator to sound out, when it is kept depressed till the end of medication by the dosage knob 15, and a means to reset the sound generator, when the depressed pressure is released from the dosage knob 15 at the end of medication. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


Porphyry molybdenum deposits, the most important molybdenum resources in the world, are spatially, temporally and genetically associated with porphyritic intrusions. Based on a summarization of researches on porphyry molybdenum deposits in western Cordillera of North America and China, this paper deals with such aspects of porphyry molybdenum deposits as their classification, co-genetic igneous rocks, mineralization and alteration characteristics, with the emphasis placed on transportation and deposition of molybdenum, characteristics of ore-forming fluids, and sources of magmas and metals of these deposits.


The effects of the rock fraction were investigated through a combination of laboratory dielectric measurements and field observation of emissivity. A series of field measurements were conducted which included soils with (35% by volume) and without rocks. Analysis focused on the use of a 21-cm wavelength, although some field observations at 6 cm were also made. For the rock samples, the average values of the dielectric constant were 4.7 and 0.07 for the real and imaginary parts, respectively. The effects of rock fraction are not significant in estimating the sample soil moisture when 21-cm data are used, for the rock fraction examined. Data collected at 6 cm clearly showed that the presence of rocks will make this and shorter wavelengths useless as soil moisture sensors. >


There is an urgent need to identify cellular/molecular mechanisms responsible for severe COVID-19 progressing to mortality. We initially performed untargeted/targeted lipidomics and focused biochemistry on 127 plasma samples and found elevated metabolites associated with secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) activity and mitochondrial dysfunction in severe COVID-19 patients. Deceased COVID-19 patients had higher levels of circulating, catalytically active sPLA2 Group IIA (sPLA2-IIA), with a median value 9.6-fold higher than mild patients and 5.0-fold higher than severe COVID-19 survivors. Elevated sPLA2-IIA levels paralleled several indices of COVID-19 disease severity (e.g., kidney dysfunction, hypoxia, multiple organ dysfunction). A decision tree generated by machine learning identified sPLA2-IIA levels as a central node in stratifying patients that succumbed to COVID-19. Random forest analysis and LASSO-based regression analysis additionally identified sPLA2-IIA and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as the key variables among 80 clinical indices in predicting COVID-19 mortality. The combined PLA-BUN index performed significantly better than either alone. An independent cohort (n=154) confirmed higher plasma sPLA2-IIA levels in deceased patients vs. severe or mild COVID-19, with the PLA-BUN index-based decision tree satisfactorily stratifying mild, severe, and deceased COVID-19 patients. With clinically tested inhibitors available, this study supports sPLA2-IIA as a therapeutic target to reduce COVID-19 mortality.


The article discusses the problem of the specificity of the information among economic resources, a place of information resources in modern economy, their role in qualitative changes of macroeconomic dynamics and the structure of society, some domestic problems of Russia on the way of information and some directions of the decision of problems.


Physical fitness of adolescences in different regions varies considerably,given the differences in geographical,climatic and other environmental conditions and differences in socio-economic conditions as well as genetic factors.Analyzing the spatial variations and the contributing factors of physical fitness among adolescences can provide references for decision-making of school physical education and health.Using the data of National Physical Fitness Survey in 2005,this paper analyzed the spatial variations of physical fitness among Chinese female college students via principle component score and GIS,and characterized the variability quantitatively using Variogram.Results denoted the existence of spatial variations in physical fitness and the variability was more obvious for rural than urban female college students.The spatial variations were mainly caused by structural factors rather than random factors.These results suggest that regional differentiated model of physical fitness and health promotion should be proposed taking into structural factors such as geographical environment,lifestyle,education levels and socio-economic conditions.


This paper presents a long-term assessment of the worldwide energy system in scenarios ranging from a baseline to a very low greenhouse gas stabilization, using the energy model POLES. Despite improved energy efficiency, the baseline scenario would lead to a doubling in energy consumption by 2050 increasing further thereafter. CO 2 emissions would continue rising, driven by the coal consumed in the power production which roughly follows the GDP growth; the scarcity of oil resources would trigger the development of alternative vehicles. Conversely, a 400 ppm CO 2 eq stabilization case would lead to drastic changes in supply (renewables - biomass), transformation (carbon capture and storage) and demand (low energy technologies). It transpires that the contribution to the reduction effort of low stabilization compared to a baseline scenario would be similar for final consumption (36% efficiency and 10% fuel mix) and for the power sector (25% renewables, 25% CCS, 4% nuclear). In addition this low emission scenario would alleviate the tensions on fossil energy markets.


Abstract Although cashew apple juice has been highly consumed in Brazil and several studies on its nutritional value have been published, no studies on the determination of folate contents in this juice were found in the literature. Several analytic techniques can be employed for the folate determination in foods. In this study, the microbiological assay using Lactobacillus casei was employed. Enzyme treatment and ultrasound waves were tested as pretreatment. The use of standards of folic acid and folate were also evaluated. The results showed that the enzyme treatment cannot be replaced by ultrasound treatment. The consumption of 200 mL of in natura cashew apple juice corresponds to a folate intake of 500 µg, which is higher than the recommended daily intake for adults. Keywords: cashew apple juice; folate; enzyme treatment; ultrasound; Lactobacillus casei. Resumo Embora o suco de caju seja bastante consumido no Brasil e muitos estudos sobre seu valor nutricional tenham sido publicados, a literatura nao reporta estudos sobre a determinacao de folatos nesse suco. Varias tecnicas analiticas podem ser utilizadas visando a deteccao da referida vitamina. Optou-se por utilizar o ensaio microbiologico oficial de determinacao de folatos em alimentos, utilizando-se


Searchable Encryption (SE) enables private queries on encrypted documents. Most existing SE schemes focus on constructing industrial-ready, practical solutions at the expense of information leakages that are considered acceptable. In particular, ShadowCrypt utilizes a cryptographic approach named ''efficiently deployable, efficiently searchable encryption'' (EDESE) that reveals the encrypted dataset and the query tokens among other information. However, recent attacks showed that such leakages can be exploited to (partially) recover the underlying keywords of query tokens under certain assumptions on the attacker's background knowledge. We continue this line of work by presenting LEAP, a new leakage-abuse attack on EDESE schemes that can accurately recover the underlying keywords of query tokens based on partially known documents and the L2 leakage as per defined by Cash et al. (CCS '15). As an auxiliary function, our attack supports document recovery in the similar setting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attack on EDESE schemes that achieves keyword recovery and document recovery without error based on partially known documents and L2 leakage. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our attack by varying levels of attacker's background knowledge.


The aspects of the Migration Legislation Amendment Act (No 6) 2001 (CTH), which amended the 'Migration Act 1958 (Cth) (the Migration Act) by inserting a new Subdivision AL into Part 2, Division 3 are discussed. Certain provisions of the No 6 Act are examined, which are intended to provide legislative guidance in respect of Australia's obligations pursuant to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 as amended by the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees 1967.


In March, Wisconsin controversially became the 25th state to adopt 'right to work' legislation which bans unions from collecting dues from non-unionized workers. Jonathan E. Booth looks at the history and background of right to work laws, which are often framed by those who support them as being pro-job and pro-growth. He argues that the evidence to support these claims is largely spurious, and that politicians, such as Wisconsin's Governor, Scott Walker, have tended to use right to work laws in order to further their own political aspirations by weakening unions' political power.


An intelligent control system for a traffic light comprises a traffic light display module and a central control unit. The control system also comprises a vehicle detection module. The vehicle detection module comprises multistage pressure sensing plates which are arranged on the road surface at regular intervals, a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged under the pressure sensing plate of each stage, and each pressure sensor is connected to the central control unit through a lead. Compared with the prior art, the intelligent control system is simple in structure, reasonable in arrangement and low in cost, can perform statistics on the number of vehicles in each direction at a crossroad, automatically adjusts control parameters of the traffic light based on changes in traffic flow in different directions, greatly improves the passing efficiency of a crossing, realizes unblocked roads, and facilitates people's lives.


There are provided a pixel electrode, an array substrate and a display panel. The pixel electrode comprises: a main pixel electrode that extends in a first direction, and a first widening part. The main pixel electrode comprises a main electrode and a first end portion and a second end portion that are arranged respectively at two ends of the main electrode. The first flared portion extends in a second direction and is connected to the first end portion. The second direction intersecting with the first direction. In addition to the main pixel electrode, the pixel electrode further includes the first expanding portion which is electrically connected to the first end portion of the main pixel electrode. The surface of the pixel electrode is increased by the arrangement of the expanding member. Therefore, an overlapping area of the pixel electrode and a common electrode for an array substrate in which the pixel electrode is applied and a display panel containing the array substrate is increased in the display panel; Consequently, the storage capacity between the pixel electrode and the common electrode is increased in the screen panel, and acoustic crosstalk and occurring in the display device screen, flickering can be reduced, whereby the quality of the displayed images is improved.


Background: Dengue is a virus infection caused by four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-DENV4). Children diagnosed with dengue virus have symptoms ranging from mild fever to dengue haemorrhagic shock. The present research is a retrospective analysis designed to determine the prevalence rate of dengue viral infection in pediatric cases with primarily gastrointestinal symptoms. Study Design: It is a retrospective study. Method: The study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics at the Tertiary care Hospital, Visakhapatnam from June 2018 to October 2018. A maximum of 85 OPD/IPD cases have been registered in the study for a period of five months. The research examined clinical, laboratory, treatment and outcome data for 85 children (6 months to 14 years of age) admitted to hospital with fever and suspected dengue diagnosis. Full medical history of all dengue cases including signs and symptoms, method of diagnosis, management, length of stay and clinical outcomes are collected from patient information. Pan Bio ELISA was performed as a confirmatory test. Results: Among the 85 suspected cases of dengue reported to OPD/IPD 65(76%) were confirmed as dengue positive and 20(24%) were found to be non-dengue cases with ELISA. Gender wise distribution of dengue positive cases, more cases were noticed in males 35(53%). Prevalence was more in the age group 5-11 years 24(37%). Among the 65 positive cases of dengue, more number of cases were supported with fever 65 (100%) followed by GI symptoms like vomiting 31(47%), nausea 26(40%) and diarrhoea with abdominal pain 29(44%). Conclusion: This study will provide a clear insight into the prevalence of dengue in children, the symptoms of the disease and the outcome. The understanding of dengue in children, including its clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnostic tests, management and prevention, is very important in reducing the mortality rate.


Background Cardiac troponins I and T and brain natriuretic peptide are the accepted standards to serologically identify myocardial necrosis and elevated wall stress. In addition, they allow risk stratification in cardiovascular patients. The clinical significance of increases in cardiac markers after strenuous endurance exercise in obviously healthy athletes is unclear. Design We therefore examined the reproducibility and clinical significance of exercise-induced increases in cardiac troponins I and T and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide after two standardized endurance exercise trials in healthy endurance athletes with prior competition-induced elevations of cardiac troponins (I, 0.08–1.93 μg/l; T, 0.01–0.56 μg/l). Methods Twenty male athletes (36 ± 7 years; V O2max : 60 ± 5 ml/min per kg) completed a 1-h and a 3-h exercise study (exercise intensities 100 and 75%, respectively, of the individual anaerobic threshold) on two different days in randomized order to determine cardiac markers before, 30 min and 3h after exercise. In addition to pre- and post-exercise echocardiography including tissue Doppler imaging, delayed enhancement magnetic-resonance-imaging was performed after a 3-h exercise study to detect myocardial necrosis. Results A marginal increase in cardiac troponin I was documented after both exercise trials (from 0.02 to 0.03 μg/l; P>0.001). Cardiac troponin T remained without significant changes. N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide increased by 9 and 30 ng/l after 1-h and 3-h exercise studies, respectively (P>0.001). In contrast to cardiac troponins, increases in N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide after competition correlated with those after 1-h exercise study (ρ = 0.88) and 3-h exercise-study (ρ = 0.82). No pathologies were demonstrated by echocardiography or delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions Due to the missing reproducibilty and evidence of myocardial damage, exercise-induced increases in cardiac troponins may represent a physiologic reaction under special conditions and seem to be without pathological significance in healthy athletes. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 13:388–397 © 2006 The European Society of Cardiology


Finite control set predictive torque control (FCS-PTC) becomes popular for induction motor drives due to its simple structure and flexibility of including additional control parameters into the control law. However, primary concern of this control technique is the selection of suitable weighting factors in the cost-function. Usually, empirical method is used to select the weighting factors, which is time-consuming and heuristic process. In this study, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is introduced in the cost-function optimization to simplify the difficulties involved in the weighting factor selection. This method selects an optimal control action, which is closer to positive ideal control action and far away from negative ideal control action. This ensures the selection of optimal control action in each sampling period based on the priorities given to control parameters in the cost-function. Further, to reduce the computational burden of proposed technique, a predefined set of switching states are used for the cost-function optimization based on previous optimal control action. Both simulation and experimental studies are carried out for a two-level voltage source inverter fed induction motor drive. These results are compared with conventional FCS-PTC technique to highlight the merits of proposed technique.


Most pain of cerebral origin follows one of two patterns: more o r less sustained, dysesthetic "pseudothalamic" pain [ 1-51 or paroxysmal, recurrent, short-lived "epileptic" pain [6111. Most examples of sustained pain following cerebral lesions have occurred after vascular or traumatic injuries to the parietal lobe. Anatomical studies, when available, have described involvement of the second sensory area of the rolandic parietal operculum [12-141 with, in at least some instances, secondary degeneration of the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus [IS]. In the instance of Hamby's patient with pseudothalamic pain accompanying a right parietal lobe infarction [41, surgical extirpation of the affected cortex relieved the discomfort. Paroxysmal pain such as that reported by our patient represents a rare epileptic symptom. What anatomical information is available [9, 101 suggests that the underlying abnormality always lies deep in the parietal lobe and adjacent to the falx. Anatomical details about the degree of degeneration in either the parietal cortex or the thalamus unfortunately are almost entirely lacking in any of the patients. As a result, the precise physiological mechanism of the painful paroxysms remains speculative.


The determination of the conformation of a cyclic heptadecapeptide derived from the second loop of human transforming growth factor‐α, [Ala21]‐hTGF‐α‐(16–32), is described. Two‐dimensional homonuclear Hartmann–Hahn and rotating‐frame cross‐relaxation spectroscopy in H2O were used to obtain the complete proton resonance assignments and the necessary distance constraints between nonbonded hydrogen atoms to derive a conformation without involving any energy minimization. The result is an ellipsoidal‐shaped structure with a turn at Gly19 and a bend formed by residues 26–29, Gln‐Glu‐Asp‐Lys. Comparison is made with the second loop of human epidermal growth factor and the results are discussed in terms of receptor binding and biological activity.


It is shown that low threshold current density compressive and tensile strained lasers with AlGaInAs QWs (quantum wells) can be fabricated with easily controllable QW thicknesses in the range of 7-15 nm. It is also shown that it is possible to adjust the emission wavelength from 1.32 to 1.62 mu m while maintaining the QW thickness and strain. The presence of Al in the QWs does not degrade the laser performance, with a threshold current density as low as 96 A/cm/sup 2/ being obtained for compressively strained 1.32- mu m lasers. Tensile strained 1.36- mu m lasers with a threshold current density as low as 256 A/cm/sup 2/ were achieved for the first time.<<ETX>>


The large scale death of the cultured scallop was due to the cultural amount which had exceeded the carrying capacity of the sea area, the germ plasm that had degenerated; red tide, eutrophication, extreme physical and chemical environment, disease etc. To solve the problem, we propose the following counter-measure: to make a reasonable plan about the cultural area and density; to carry out the technology for healthy cultivation of shellfish and for scallop seed selection and breeding, to enhance marine environmental monitoring and disease prevention.


This paper presents a fast approximate 1-D inversion algorithm for transient electromagnetic (EM) data that can be applied for all measuring configurations and transmitter waveforms and for all field components. The inversion is based on an approximate forward mapping in the adaptive Born approximation. The generality is obtained through a separation of the forward problem into a configuration-independent part, mapping layer conductivities into apparent conductivity, and a configuration-dependent part, the half-space step response. The EM response from any waveform can then be found by a convolution with the time derivative of the waveform. The approach does not involve inherently unstable deconvolution computations or nonunique transformations, and it is about 100 times faster than ordinary nonlinear inversion. Nonlinear model responses of the models obtained through the approximate inversion fit the data typically within 5%.


For the commercial application of the supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), new reactors that are able to withstand the harsh operational conditions of the process must be developed. In this work, a new scaled-up design of the cooled-wall reactor (CWR) is presented, which isolates the temperature and pressure stresses caused by SCWO processes. The new reactor consists of a series of chambers designed as a heat exchanger to maximize the residence time and minimize the temperature gradient inside the reactor, allowing a better thermal protection of the pressure shell. This reactor has been implemented in a demonstration scale plant located in the industrial site of a waste management company. Experimental results obtained in this plant with five prototypes of the reactor are presented, explaining the strong and weak points of the designs and the modifications proposed to overcome the operational problems. Experimental results obtained working with oxygen and air as an oxidant and feeds containing isopropyl alcohol and mixtures of isopropyl alcohol/ ammonia are thoroughly examined and compared. To have a better understanding of the behavior of the reactor a mathematical model specifically developed for the new reactor is presented.


Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma is a rare late complication of radiotherapy to the head and neck. We present a case of fibrosarcoma of the anterior skull base that occurred 17 years after radiotherapy for extensive inverting papilloma of the nasal cavity. Additional distinctive features of this case were vertigo and sensorineural hearing loss caused by lateral extension of the fibrosarcoma from the anterior skull base to the petrous bone and otic capsule, illustrating the potentially aggressive behavior of these lesions.


In this paper we numerically study the propagation of surface waves guided by a metal-backed dielectric slab with biperiodic metallizations on its surface. Such structures are electromagnetic absorbing screens when the dielectric slab is lossy. In this paper, the surface waves are characterized by their longitudinal and transverse wave numbers, which are deduced from the complex pole locations of the reflection coefficient of the screens. The reflection coefficients can be obtained with a moment method. These reflection coefficients are generalized to complex incident wave numbers. The poles are isolated in the complex plane with the help of the argument principle and are calculated with a numerical method based on Müller's algorithm. Then the parametric study of the wave numbers of the surface waves shows that the absorption of an electromagnetic wave by the screens at normal incidence is due to a resonance of the real part of the transverse wave number of the excited surface wave. We also show that there exists a Brewster incidence angle for the absorbing screens with suitable metallization array dimensions. This Brewster angle appears when the pole crosses the branch cut of the two-sheeted Riemann space of the reflection coefficient.


See related article, pages 1155–1163

Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). VSMC proliferation also underlies the failure of many therapies, notable examples being restenosis following coronary angioplasty, vein graft failure in patients with coronary artery bypass grafts, and transplant vasculopathy. Few therapies directly target excess VSMC proliferation, in part, because the underlying pathways have been unknown. Recently, several pathways of VSMC proliferation have been defined, and new therapeutic targets have emerged.

An example of the power of preventing VSMC proliferation in reducing human cardiovascular disease is the rapamycin (sirolimus)-coated coronary stent. After dozens of agents failed to prevent the 30% restenosis rate postangioplasty, this VSMC proliferation inhibitor reduced the number to ≈6%.1 However, rapamycin has toxicities, limiting its systemic use. Moreover, the mechanisms of accelerated VSMC proliferation may vary by disease, and, thus, the efficacy of an antiproliferative drug will likely be contextual (ie, disease dependent). Understanding the pathways controlling proliferation offers hope for identifying drugs that selectively target proliferating cells. The contribution by Gizard et al in this issue of Circulation Research identifies such a pathway and suggests new therapeutic targets.2

Members of this group expand on their previous work showing that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α activation suppresses G1→S cell cycle progression by increasing the expression of the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p16INK4a.3

The present study is built on a solid body of knowledge of the cell cycle. Although growth factors are necessary to initiate proliferation in normal cells, cells become independent of these external stimuli during the G1 phase. This "point of no return" is highly regulated by the interaction among cyclins, CDKs, and CDK inhibitors.4 In nonproliferating cells, the …


Organic donor and acceptor interfaces give rise to a small energy gap between the singlet and triplet exciton levels (ΔEST) of generated exciplexes. We demonstrate that the small ΔEST can lead to efficient electroluminescence.


In this paper, a method of color discrimination based on sample sensitivity to light wavelength is proposed based on the reflection spectra of a large number of samples and the statistical calculation of the measurement data. A laser detection system is designed to realize the color discrimination. For the color discrimination of polycrystalline silicon cells, the most sensitive wavelength, 434 nm, and the least sensitive wavelength, 645 nm, of polycrystalline silicon cells is obtained according to this method. A laser detection system was built to measure the polycrystalline silicon cells. This system consists of two lasers, optical shutters, collimating beam expanding systems, an optical coaxial system, sample platform, collecting lens, and optical power meter or optical sensor. Two laser beams of different wavelengths are beamed coaxially through the optical coaxial system onto a polycrystalline silicon cell and are reflected or scattered. The reflected or scattered lights are collected through a lens with a high number aperture and received separately by the optical power meter. Then the color value of the polycrystalline silicon cell in this system is characterized by the ratio of light intensity data received. The system measured a large number of previous polycrystalline silicon cells to form the different color categories of polycrystalline silicon cells of this system in the computer database. When a new polycrystalline silicon cell is measured, the color discrimination system can automatically classify the new polycrystalline silicon cell to a certain color category in order to achieve color discrimination.


Many high-profile efforts conducted recently have proposed integrating ecosystem service values in the decisions made about land usage; however, there are not many evidences of using such approach in practice. The objective of the present study is to give an overview of the obstacles in the way of using ecosystem service assessment and valuation in managing the environment. In addition, a few solutions to achieve a comprehensive and practical framework are proposed. When it comes to land planning, the results should be comprehensive to facilitate comparison with other alternatives. One approach to this end is to aggregate the results to a manageable set through weighting methods. Here, the way of utilizing weighting method in making decisions about land usage is examined and potential areas of development are proposed. Moreover, the differences in the available patterns of use are examined, the cause and consequences of the differences are discussed, and necessity of the found differences is investigated.


The paper reveals the features of the importance of entrepreneurial activity in the agro-industrial complex and social relations connected with it. The author analyses the problems of agricultural activities. The article raises the question about the possibility of the application of the principles of entrepreneurship in the agricultural activity.


The result of linear target detection is advantageous to the content analysis and interpretation of ASAR imagery and can be regarded as the imagery matching reference as well as the GIS platform input to realize the map automatic update. On the foundation of the previous studies, the method of bridge target detection based on Combined wavelet transformation and mathematical morphology analysis is proposed according to the good local characteristic, multi-resolution and effectiveness of wavelet transformation in this article, and the result is revised by combining the fine characteristics of different methods, which is applied to ASAR data of Zhaoqing and Zhuhai of China for carrying on the bridge detection as well as the comparative experiment with classical methods, such as Sobel and Canny etc detection operators. Results indicate that the combined methods can detect the target bridge perfectly on the direction and size, at the same time can restrain the target missing and false warning.


approved: ^.^^.^^ ^^,^^<^— r Ralph Garren Jr. Excised sCpical stem tips (2-5 mm) of grape cultivars grew well on Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium for tobacco callus. Additions of glycine were not essential but gave a slight stimulus to growth. Naphthalene acetic acid slightly reduced growth rates but reductions were not statistically significant. Ki netin and coconut milk were both significantly detrimental to the growth of the excised tips. Tips that developed callus following treatment with IB A (indolebutyric acid) made more growth (significant at . 01 probability) than tips without a callus mass at the cut end. Indolebutyric acid was necessary to root production in the second sub-culture on agar medium. Elongated stem tips with roots, transferred to a liquid medium on a filter paper bridge, grew vigorously and produced abundant roots. These young plants were later transferred to greenhouse soils and developed td mature, healthy plants typical of the cultivar. Techniques and Media for Excised Tip Culture of Vinifera Cultivars by Thiravira Subhanij A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 1972


BACKGROUND
Seaweed-based biofertilizer for agriculture are developing rapidly through the innovation and improvement of used raw materials, formulations, methods, and processes. This is evident also from the elevation in the number of patent applications filed each year in this area of seaweed-based biofertilizer research and development.

METHODS
Therefore, this study concerns the patentability and patent analysis of seaweed-based biofertilizers between 2000 and 2020. This form of patent analysis englobes information that could be used as a reference by researchers in the fields of agriculture, as well as those interested especially in biofertilizers. During a search, different keywords and related terms were used and patents were searched according to title, abstract, and claims. A detailed analysis is then given regarding publication year, patent classifications, inventors, applicants, owners, and jurisdictions. Finally, a short part of the innovation and improvement of seaweed-based biofertilizers is proposed Results: 1731 patent documents have been found. The analyzed period confirms that, China was ranked first with 1336 patent documents, and 2017 was the year with the maximum number of patent documents (288).

CONCLUSION
The patent classification codes reveal that most inventions intended for soil conditioners, and preparation of fertilizers characterized by biological or biochemical treatment steps, as well as organic fertilizers containing added bacterial cultures.