This study examined teachers' preferences for academic and behavioral remediation. Specifically, the impact of service delivery model (traditional or flexible), type of presenting problem (academic or behavioral), and selected consultee characteristics (age, years of experience, grade level taught, years at current school, and level of teacher education) on teacher preferences was investigated. Individuals completed a demographic information sheet and an analog study. The survey consisted of two hypothetical scenarios of two different students found within the classroom. The first scenario described a student who only exhibited behavioral/emotional issues. The second scenario described a student who presented with only academic issues. After reading each scenario, teachers selected a first preference of what they would like to do next to help the student (refer for testing, consult with a school psychologist, continue with current intervention/instruction, and other). Frequency data were recorded for all variables. Independent !-tests were conducted to determine if there was a significant difference in the number ofreferrals reported over the past twelve months and number of times consulting with a psychologist in the past twelve months between the participants in the flexible and traditional service delivery models. Chi Square analyses were conducted on teachers' preference to help students with academic and behavior problems between flexible and traditional service delivery models. In addition, a discriminant function analysis was conducted on all demographic variables, to determine which variable( s) if any predicted remediation preferences. Teachers' Preference for Remediation 5 Results indicated that teachers in the flexible service delivery model consulted with the school psychologist significantly more often than teachers in the traditional model. There was no significant difference in the numbers of referrals to the school psychologist for testing. A significant difference was found for teachers' preference for remediation of students with academic problems between the two service delivery models. This difference in teachers' preferences was apparent in the significantly larger number of teachers in the flexible service delivery system versus the number of teachers in the traditional service delivery model that chose to consult with someone other than a school psychologist for assistance. There was no significant difference in teachers' preferences for remediation of behavior problems among students across both service delivery models. Similarly, none of the demographic variables emerged as predictors of teachers' preference for remediation of academic problems, however the correlation between the two was not significant. None of the demographic variables were predictors of teachers' preference for remediation of behavior problems. Discussion focuses on these results as they relate to past research, implications for the evolving role and function of school psychologists, and directions for future practice and research. Teachers' Preference for Remediation 6 Impact of Service Delivery Model, Presenting Problem, and Consultee Characteristics on Teachers' Preference for Academic and Behavioral Remediation Traditional Service Delivery Service delivery may be defined as the way in which special education services are provided to individuals with special needs. The National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) emphasizes incorporating the use of a problem-solving model for school psychologists to implement into service delivery (Deno, 2002). Problem solving is defined as a logical, methodical process whose approach to intervention focuses not on failure or deviance, but aims to eliminate the difference between the level a child is currently functioning and the level the child should be :functioning (Deno, 2002). Best practice is to incorporate problem solving into school psychology services. Components ofthis problem-solving model include problem definition, assessment/measurement, selecting interventions, monitoring progress, revising interventions as necessary, and evaluating outcomes. Although a problem-solving model is emphasized, traditional psychological service delivery is based on a medical model whereby the primary focus is on assessing, diagnosing, and treating internal pathologies (Sheridan & Gutkin, 2000). With regard to traditional school psychology, the focus has been on psychoeducational assessment and special education classification. In fact, the nature of traditional school psychology practices results in an inordinate amount of time spent in special education classification and placement (Reschly & Ysseldyke, 1994; Smith, 1984; Smith & Mealy, 1988). Specifically, 85% to 90% of the referral population to school psychologists consists of students with mild disabilities (i.e., mental retardation and learning disabilities). It is Teachers' Preference for Remediation 7 apparent that the medical model within school psychology results in a good deal of time spent in assessment and diagnosis of mild disabilities, while neglecting treatment and consultation. The impact of referral rates on assessment demands is related to lack of consultant pre-referral work. Specifically, when pre-referral intervention is initiated in a building, it reduces the amount of referrals generated for testing (Myles, Simpson, & Ormsbee, 1996). When comparing the generic problem-solving model with the traditional medical model of service delivery, some mismatch exists. With traditional service delivery, intervention is implemented only after the referral problem becomes serious enough to warrant an assessment by the school psychologist. This medical model then defines the problem in terms of classification or diagnosis and utilizes normative measures to assign these classifications. Placement decisions are then made based on such normative measures, and follow up only occurs annually at Individual Education Plan (IEP) reviews or tri-annually at re-evaluation time (Sheridan & Gutkin, 2000). Because the traditional medical model emphasizes internal pathology (and is often an assumption of school psychology), it poses numerous problems for school based psychological services. First, practices according to this model do not fully take into consideration the impact external contexts (environmental, social, family, and community) have on presenting problems (Sheridan & Gutkin, 2000). Second, the methods of assessment (norm-referenced standardized assessments) have inherent limitations that have resulted in controversy over the use of these assessment tools in the special education decision-making process (Madelaine & Wheldall, 1999). A third problem the medical model poses to school psychology is related to nonfunctional and Teachers' Preference for Remediation 8 stigmatizing labels or classifications. A fourth concern related to diagnosis and eligibility is the lack of differential prescribed treatment across diagnoses (Reschly & Y sseldyke, 1994). The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or IDEA places the burden on the eligibility determination team for decision making in classification to allow clinical judgment (which is difficult to measure) to compensate for these difficulties associated with the traditional model, but does not eliminate these problems. It is apparent that traditional medical model practice in school psychology has many limitations and may not provide the most efficient and effective service to children. Although the traditional test and place strategy of the medical model has intuitive appeal given the federally mandated classification scheme ofIDEA, it may not mandate the methods of assessing those specific classifications. That is, IDEA does not specify that norm-referenced standardized assessment instruments be used to make such classification decisions. Moreover, IDEA also mandates that prevention and early intervention be considered. Although many school districts in the United States have prevention and intervention services available, the focus of these services are largely based on the traditional medical model which is incongruent with the problem solving model of service delivery because students must meet a full diagnosis prior to receiving special education services. Pre-referral intervention is critical, but is often seen as a something that must be done in order to move through the referral process and is poorly implemented (Wilson, Gutkin, Hagen, & Oats, 1997). When utilized properly, much can be done with pre-referral intervention to assist students without diagnosis. Teachers' Preference for Remediation 9 Alternative Service Delivery In recent years, concerns regarding the traditional practice of school psychology have prompted researchers and practitioners to consider alternatives (Reschly & Ysseldyke, 1994). Flexible service delivery is a specific alternative service delivery model. Flexible service delivery is defined as flexibly utilizing all existing services and staff as intervention resources within a cross-disciplinary service model, targeting students at-risk for academic failure (for learning or behavior difficulties) or who are performing below expected levels, (Swerdlik, 2001). The purpose of this service delivery model is to increase school systems' ability to meet diverse student needs in the regular education setting by sharing intervention resources to improve learning for students not eligible for special education as well as improving service to special education students. Flexible service delivery uses team building, problem solving, collaboration, researchbased interventions, and decision-making tools such as curriculum based assessment/measurement (CBM/ A) and functional behavior assessment (FBA) to achieve this goal Currently Illinois is one of twelve states participating in the National Flexible Service Delivery Consortium (Swerdlik, 2001). Illinois


Time-triggered architectures (TTAs) were a key enabler for time-predictable software execution and, thus, for cyber-physical and embedded systems with real-time requirements. Controlling software-execution by the means of timer-controlled interrupts and a predetermined schedule, TTAs are a common standard to ensure timing in safety-critical systems. Now, with the emerge of the openly available RISC-V architectures and the use of its instruction-set extension allows to easily provide softcore-processors with an application-specific instruction-set configuration. To support the realtime-capability of such RISC-V based, application-specific instruction-set processors (ASIPs), the presented approach provides timing-instructions as a RISC-V instruction-set extension to measure and control the software execution-time at the hardware-level.


Pope is not only a well-known contemporary Western philosopher of science,but also a well-known liberal political philosopher.His political ideology which based on the principle of method and principle of falsifications criticizes the historical determinism,attacks the social reform method of holism,and put forward the political thought of"open society",so he is a strong supporter of western democracy.By right of his rich and unique methodology,Pope made a significant contribution to the development of the Western philosophy of science,political philosophy and other subjects.


The author is an adherent of Braun's method, which gave him good results, especially in hypertrophic processes of the nose—less in rhino-pharyngitis sicca and atrophica. This method of massage differs only a little from those of Braun and Laker.


The recent recognition of cicatricial organising pneumonia (ciOP) indicates that the ciOP may resemble or simulate fibrotic interstitial pneumonia; however, there has been great uncertainty regarding the affected populations, pathogenesis, clinical relevance and characteristics. In this study, we compared the characteristics of fibrotic interstitial pneumonia with and without ciOP.


Facial remodelling comprises all the surgical techniques able to reconstruct the correct proportion between soft and hard tissues of the face. In order to obtain facial harmony maxillo-facial surgeons have at disposal many surgical techniques such as reconstructive, orthognatic, aesthetic surgery and camouflage. In the study of a patient who presents facial asymmetry two base evaluations are necessary: aesthetic analysis and cephalometric analysis. The first is an evaluation of the skeleton in association to the evaluation of the soft tissues according to the harmonic proportions of the face, while the second consists in the evaluation of the skeletal relationships with respect to the basicranium through the identification of specific craniometrical points. It is possible to establish a specific therapeutic plan for the specific facial asymmetry by means of the combination of these analyses and the addition of the radiographies study. There are various pathologies that need facial remodelling: acquired syndromes, congenital syndrome such as the Hemifacial Microsomiae, autoimmune disorder or atrophic disease such as Perry-Romberg Syndrome, traumas, demolitive surgery and infectious pathologies. In these clinical conditions the choice of a therapeutic treatment of camouflage instead of corollary surgery and conventional aesthetics techniques is made when there is a specific request from patients. This decision is also made when there is an increased operative risk and the deficits to fill are not massive. The described surgical treatments present the advantage of being not invasive, easy to position, not much traumatic and with immediate results. The complications can be the following: shifting of the biomaterial , chronic inflammation, quick reabsorption of the used materials, infections and reject. The camoufflage is growing as a surgical technique for the continuos scientific studies, on the new bio-materials. The studied filling bio material are the porous polyethylene and the bio-bone for the hard tissues, the Polyalkylimide and Polyacrylamide for the soft tissues. Some representative clinical cases are presented. During our experience, patients have been treated with the following bio materials: porous polyethylene, bio-bone, polialkylimide, polyacrylamide, and with a combined treatment with polyacrylamide and porous polyethylene. The patients treated with porous polyethylene presented pathologies deriving 50% from traumas, 40% from malformation and a 10% from congenital asymmetries. The patients treated with bio-bone (7% of the total patients) of the total were presented in all cases the bony atrophy of the jaw. Patients suffering from infectious pathologies (HIV) were included among the patients treated with polialkylimide, others with autoimmune pathologies (PRS) and with malformative syndromes were included too. The treatment with polyacrylamide was


Approximated numerical techniques, for the solution of the elastic wave scattering problem over semi-infinite domains are reviewed. The approximations involve the representation of the half-space by a boundary condition described in terms of 2D boundary element discretizations. The classical BEM matrices are initially re-written into the form of a dense dynamic stiffness matrix and later approximated to a banded matrix. The resulting final banded matrix is then used like a standard finite element to solve the wave scattering problem at lower memory requirements. The accuracy of the reviewed methods is benchmarked against the classical problems of a semi-circular and a rectangular canyon. Results are presented in the time and frequency domain, as well as in terms of relative errors in the considered approximations. The main goal of the paper is to give the analyst a method that can be used at the practising level where an approximate solution is enough in order to support engineering decisions.


Although most critical attention on laments for the dead in the Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea has focused on Pleberio's long lament for Melibea in Auto XXI, Elicia's lament for the loss of her lover, Sempronio, his companion, Pármeno, and her protector, Celestina, is highly significant for plot development. Her lament is a decisive event that sets in motion a plan for revenge that will ultimately lead to the deaths of Calisto and Melibea. This article demonstrates how Elicia's personal experience of loss brings about significant changes in her characterization. With the help of Areúsa, Elicia hatches a plan for vengeance on the aristocratic lovers that she despises. Building on Louise Haywood's studies of female laments for the dead, it examines Elicia's curse on Calisto and Melibea and shows how her words have real and tragic consequences. In Rojas's world, a prostitute's expression of grief is a force strong enough to topple the elites of society and fundamentally contribute to the tragedia embedded in his work's hybrid title.


The increase in population every year and the relatively high economic growth in Balikpapan City have had a negative impact on the environment related to the use of water resources. Human activities in the protected forest areas have caused degradation and deforestation of protected forest areas resulting in the three rivers currently unable to meet water needs during the dry season. This study aims to assess the feasibility of river water in the Sungai Wain protected forest in terms of quantity and quality as an effort to provide alternative sources of raw water for the development of urban facilities. Analysis of water samples was carried out at the Regional Health Laboratory, Balikpapan City Health Office. The results showed that the Wain river water discharge was 0.334 m3/s, the Bugis river was 0.258 m3/s, while the Sengkuang river was 0.032 m3/s. The physical quality of water from the three rivers meets the standards of environmental health quality standards. The chemical quality of water indicates the pH and iron parameters do not meet environmental health quality standards. The biological quality of water indicates the total number of coliform in Bugis river is 920; Wain River 350, and Sengkuang River 350. The results of analysis of Escherecia coli bacteria showed that the content of Escherecia coli bacteria exceeded the maximum allowed amount. The results of this research can be taken into consideration for the Balikpapan city government to plan the development of river water utilization in the Sungai Wain protected forest area.


The strong peristaltic contraction of the stomach facilitates mixing and emptying of ingested food, which occurs rhythmically at about 3 cycles per minute (cpm) in humans. Generally, most patients with gastroparesis show gastric electrical dysrhythmia that is a disrupted electrical signals controlling gastric contractions. For treatment of gastric electrical dysrhythmia, in vivo electrical impulses to the stomach via implanted gastric stimulator have known to restore these gastric deformations. Nevertheless, improved sensors to monitor gastric contractions are still needed in current gastric stimulators. Recently, we have developed a new technology converting mechanical motion to electrical energy by using stretch-induced capacitance changes of a coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn. For its potential use as a gastric deformation sensor, the performance of a coiled CNT yarn was evaluated in several biological fluids. For sinusoidal stretch to 30%, the peak-to-peak open-circuit voltage (OCV) was consistently generated at frequencies below 0.1 Hz. This sinusoidal variation in OCV augmented as increasing the strain from 10 to 30%. In an in vitro artificial gastric system, the OCV was approximately linearly proportional to balloon volume, which can monitor periodic deformations of the balloon at 2, 3, and 4 cpm like shown for human gastric deformations. Moreover, stretching coiled yarns generated the peak electrical voltage and power when deformed. The present study shows that self-powered CNT yarn sensor can not only monitor the changes in frequency and amplitude of volumetric change, but also generate electrical power by periodic deformations of the balloon. Therefore, it seems possible to automatically deliver accurate electrical impulses according to real-time evaluation of a patient's gastric deformation, based on information on the frequency, amplitude, rate of the OCV from CNT yarn.


The present invention provides an image processing method. The image processing method comprising: inner circle and a step of extracting from the outer annular image; step the extracted center circle and the outer circle of the respectively determined; and the processing center as a reference when performing polar coordinate conversion sequentially moving between the inner and the outer circle center center, while the step of converting the image into the panoramic expansion. Thus, the image of the annular polar coordinate conversion makes the panorama image is expanded, it is possible to shift the position of the central axis between a full imaging apparatus (10) of the optical axis of the hole (H) (L2) of the deformation can be corrected. Wherein said annular image is a pair of side wall surface of the hole (H) through the full range of shooting imaging means (10) is obtained.


The three-dimensional Heisenberg spin glass model with ±J interactions is studied using an over-relaxed Monte Carlo algorithm. We have measured the correlation length ξ, and using the crossing of ξ∕L for different L find a finite temperature spin glass transition, with TSG=0.220(5). In addition, we have varied the number of Monte Carlo steps used prior to, and during, thermal averaging to control the effects of finite time averaging. We find that the over-relaxation algorithm allows for an accurate measurements using as few as 300 Monte Carlo steps.


The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating constipation. The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following components: by weight, 20 grams to 30 grams of radix astragali, 8 grams to 12 grams of fried fructus aurantii, 18 grams to 22 grams of codonopsis, 8 grams to 12 grams angelica, 7 grams to 8 grams of cimicifuga foetida, 5 grams to 4 grams convolvulus root, 5 grams to 7 grams of sophora japonica branch and 14 grams to 16 grams of fried atractylodes. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has the efficacy of invigorating Qi, lifting Yang and clearing hollow organs, has a good and rapid treating effect on the constipation and has no toxic or side effects.


We present analytically exact results to show that a discrete tight-binding model representing either a random or a quasiperiodic array of bonds, can have the entire energy spectrum or a substantial part of it absolutely continuous, populated by extended eigenfunctions only, when atomic sites are coupled to the lattice locally, or non-locally from one side. The event can be triggered by tuning only the host-adatom coupling in one case, while in two other cases cited here an external magnetic field is necessary in addition to the tuning of the host-adatom tunnel coupling. The delocalization of electronic states for a group of systems presented here is sensitive to a subtle correlation between the numerical values of the Hamiltonian parameters - a fact that is not encountered in the conventional cases of Anderson localization.


In the monsoon season, landslides are major disasters in Nepal, causing loss of life and economic impacts. The landslides triggered in the 2020 monsoon (June – September) in Nepal caused more than 300 fatalities and affected about 800 families. A spatial and temporal database of landslides in this region does not exist, which has hindered an understanding of landslide dynamics and the development of a regional early warning system (EWS). In this study, we prepare a time-stamped (hourly) geo-referenced database of the landslides triggered by the 2020 monsoon in Nepal and investigate their dynamic trends. We track landslides from online news for each day during the monsoon to map their location and time. The database contains 332 mapped landslides, out of which accurate time stamps are available for 126 landslides. The spatial pattern shows a large concentration of landslides in central Nepal (districts of Parbat, Kaski, Myagdi, Baglung, Gulmi, and Syangja). The temporal pattern reveals that landslides in this region occur mostly during late night or early morning. We estimate hourly rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) rainfall product. The database and analysis provide a basis for estimating regional rainfall thresholds for Nepal and the design of an EWS.


Ontology has become the key concept for providing relevant and accurate information to the users for a particular domain or from multiple domains. To extract similar concepts from multiple ontologies, there is a need to develop a concept similarity measure between two independent ontologies. The intention of finding semantic similarity is to enhance the integration and retrieval of resources in a more meaningful and accurate way. Based on the existing hybrid similarity measures an enhanced similarity measure is proposed which brings out a more accurate relationship between the two concepts of different ontologies, the proposed measure is equivalent to human judgments. The proposed method has an improved technique over other methods. The experimental results establish the efficiency of our proposed work and reveals that similarity measure for cross ontology out performs the current hybrid similarity measures by 20% in terms of correlation coefficients.


Potential functions allow the definition of both an implicit surface and its volume. In this representation, two categories can be distinguished: bounded and unbounded representations. Boolean composition operators are standard modelling tools allowing complex objects to be built by the combination of simple volume primitives. Though they are well defined for the second category, there is no clear definition of the properties that such operators should satisfy in order to provide bounded representation with both smooth and sharp transition. In this paper, we focus on bounded implicit representation. We first present fundamental properties to create adequate composition operators. From this theoretical framework, we derive a set of Boolean operators providing union, intersection and difference with or without smooth transition. Our new operators integrate accurate point-by-point control of smooth transitions and they generate G1 continuous potential fields even when sharp transition operators are used.


In an open, prospective, non-comparative study, 37 previously treated (PrTr) (with extracted HGH) and 5 previously untreated (PrUn) GHD children (height (Ht) < 3 percentile or Ht velocity (Vel) < 4 cm/year; max.serum-Gil < 10 ng/ml in at least two standard stimulation tests) were given Bio-HGH (Somatropin-Lilly) s.c.0.06 mg/kg three times a week to a max. of 8 mg per week. Treatment with Bio-HGH began at least 5 months after treatment with extracted HGH had ceased. Height was measured within 2 months after previous treatment was discontinued. Lower leg length (LLL) measurements were started 6 weeks before treatment with Bio-HGll by using a knemometer. Ht Vel (cm/yr) and LLL Vel (mm/yr) are shown in the table (mean±SD).LLL Vel correlated more significantly with Ht Vel during (r=0.75) than before (r=0.47) Bio-HGH treatment. Because LLL was measured only 6 weeks before Bio-HGH was started, the LLL Vel probably reflects more accurately the efficacy of Bio-HGH in PrTr patients.


Little has been written about the role of the peer group in the lives of adolescent mothers. There has been speculation that an adolescent mother's peer relationships change as a result of pregnancy andparenthood. The literature indicates that peers become less able to provide a support system. Little empirical evidence has been provided to support this speculation. This study assessed a sample of 46 adolescent mothers on the amounts and types of supportprovided byfriends as compared to relatives and examined peer support in relation to parenting stress. The Inventory of Social Contacts measured levels of perceived child-rearing, emotional, and material support and interference from family and friends. The Parenting Stress Index assessed self-reported parenting stress arising from child and parent characteristics. Results of repeated-measures ANOVAs and Pearson correlations indicated that, as compared to family, friends provide more emotional support and less interference. Parenting stress is buffered more effectively by the support that is provided by friends.


The invention relates to a computer system architecture approach and discloses a redundant system architecture approach. The redundant system architecture approach comprises the following specific steps: at least two servers which respectively use different network addresses and are mutually connected are used as load clusters for processing user requests; the servers in the load clusters respectively and independently receive the user requests, and when one of the servers fails, the user request received by the failed server is transferred to the other server which is used for processing the user request obtained by transfer. The computer system architecture approach has the advantages that a symmetrical structure without central nodes is adopted, no single point failure defects exists, the storage capacity and the performance can be subjected to linear expansion, the automatic recovery of data is supported, and the degree of automation is high.


Cytokine storm during influenza virus infection is recognized as a predictor of morbidity and mortality. To verify the cellular effects of influenza‐induced cytokines in primary normal lung cells, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) and lung fibroblast cells (MRC‐5 cells) were infected with influenza virus H1N1. H1N1 infection induced the transcription of various genes encoding cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12A, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) in both endothelial cells and lung fibroblasts. Among them, IL‐1β induction by influenza infection increased the inflammation of lung cells; conversely, blockade of IL‐1β signals with an IL‐1β receptor antagonist or a neutralizing antibody alleviated influenza‐driven inflammation. In conclusion, these data suggest that secreted IL‐1β by the endothelial cells contributes to influenza‐induced inflammation, and blockade of IL‐1β signals is a potential treatment or therapeutic target for influenza‐induced inflammation. J. Med. Virol. 87:1104–1112, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The monthly mean precipitation patterns of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) decadal simulations over the US and adjoining oceans are intercompared. A simple harmonic analysis of the 12 month seasonal mean precipitation values and a principal component (PC) analysis of the 120 monthly values were carried out. Emphasis is placed on the basic seasonal variation for three subregions, the Eastern US, Central US and West Coast US.


Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effect of two types of topical NSAIDs, nepafenac and bromfenac, in comparison with a placebo on macular edema after phacoemulsification. Background Cystoid macular edema (CME) is the commonest cause of visual decline after phacoemulsification. Design A prospective comparative randomized Open-label clinical trial was performed. Patients and methods A total of 75 patients with senile cataract were included in the present study. Of them, 19 patients were assigned to receive nepafenac 0.3% eye drops, 19 received bromfenac 0.09% eye drops, and 37 received a placebo. The primary outcome measure included the change in the mean spectral-domain optical coherence tomography central subfield thickness at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 2 and 3 months after surgery. The secondary outcome measures included the total macular volume at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 2, 3 months postoperatively; the percentage of eyes in each group that developed CME; and the corrected visual acuity on 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. Results For all retinal thickness measurements, a significant increase in all three groups had been detected, starting from the first week postoperatively. Compared with the control regimen, add-on bromfenac or nepafenac resulted in statistically significant minimization of the changes in the following parameters: change in the macular volume and the central subfield thickness. Conclusion Topical NSAIDs therapy 2 days before surgery has an additive effect in minimizing the risk of pseudophakic CME. Bromfenac has statistically surpassed nepafenac in minimizing the incidence of CME after uneventful phacoemulsification.


To fully understand ecosystem processes, students must learn information about biodiverse groups of animals (National Research Council, 2011). Students cannot learn information they are not exposed to. Research has shown that United States (US) kindergarten through fourth grade (K-4) preservice elementary teachers have positive attitudes toward mammals and negative attitudes toward reptiles, amphibians and almost all invertebrates (Wagler, 2010). These attitudes affect their beliefs about what specific animal information they plan to include in their future science classroom with the vast majority of preservice elementary teachers planning to include mammal information and not information about reptiles, amphibians and almost all invertebrates (Wagler, 2010). This is problematic because approximately 99% of Earth's species are invertebrates and many ecosystem processes involve reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. Currently, nothing is known about the attitudes and beliefs preservice middle school (i.e., 5 th -8 th


Public concern over cable television's status as a monopoly has generated a movement to allow local franchising authorities to regulate cable service rates. Because the courts have yet to hear a First Amendment challenge to imposing rate regulation on a member of the media, the constitutionality of cable rate regulation is not settled. This Comment argues that the restriction on speech resulting from rate regulation is outweighed by the substantial government interest in preventing unfair monopoly pricing


According to the structural characteristic of the nozzle-loop,a grid calculation model of nozzle-loop was generated by using tetrahedral unstructured grid and thin thick grid meshing method.And,numerical simulation was performed for the 3-D flow field of nozzle-loop,providing in detail the interior flow characteristic of single nozzle and the outflow flux of nozzle-loop.The results lay a firm basis for further research of nozzle-loop's flux distribution trait.


In project construction,central laboratory pays attention to the actual situations of the second-class highway that from Fushu town to Taiping town and applies the items of contract to carrying on the tests and examinations,exerting itself on guidance,supervision and service,and strengthening quality control.Central laboratory has made due effort to ensure engineering quality,speed up the construction process and control engineering investment,which achieved certain results.


The image registration technique based on Fourier-Mellin transform can be used to register images which are misaligned due to rotation,scaling and translation and find its applications in many different fields thanks to its high accuracy,robustness and low computational cost.In this paper,the technique is extended to two new application fields.The first one is panoramic mosaics.Unlike conventional methods,this technique is capable of successfully building a coarse full view of a large scene without either requiring special hardware to control camera motion or knowing camera's focus length,or detecting image features and their correspondences.The other extended application is of curve matching.In the most traditional curve matching methods,the correspondence of curve features,such as corners,extrema of the curvature etc,should be at first established,and then the matching parameters are computed.Here a new approach is proposed,where the curves matched are at first converted into binary images and then the matching of these binary images is carried out by the Fourier-Mellin transform based registration technique.Numerous experiments show that for most of images captured by a hand-held camera,if the projective distortions are not too severe,the registration results are satisfactory.


The city-port of Durban (South Africa), a national key point, has a diversity of economic activities, ecological environments to support livelihoods and extensive port activity. The governance of the Durban city-port is characterised by multiple actors with different values, interests and perspectives. The National Development Plan-Our Future 2030 is a tool used by the presidency to steer economic growth in the country. Transnet port authority and the eThekwini Municipality, amongst others, adhere to contribute to NDP goals by proposing and implementing projects that will benefit civil society, contribute to economic growth, remain within and promote sustainable development. Two projects: Pier 203-205 extension and deepening initiated by port authorities and the Back of Port (BoP) land rezoning and industrial park development initiated by the municipality are case studies showing their attempts. The analysis considers to what extent planning for these projects has taken into consideration social justice, environmental status and human wellbeing. Desk research and interviews were conducted to collect data. Results show that there is conflict between the city and port development objectives. Port development and activities have a negative effect on the estuary the port is located in. Communities are largely affected by the plans of the municipality, claiming that the BoP project continues to promote inequality. Communities have limited power to contribute to plans because they are only consulted once the planning is completed, in EIA stage.


Abstract In this paper a new architecture based on a multi-layer analog/digital control system is introduced and applied to an autonomous hexapod robot. The robot structure that consists of 18 degrees of freedom, is controlled by a network of multiple interconnected modules. The system can be tele-operated by a PC through a wireless communication link but it can also operate autonomously by using the information gathered from the sensory system equipped on board. Therefore various methodologies on bio-robot control can be directly implemented and experimentally validated. A set of experimental tests was carried out to characterize the robot performance when employed to accomplish different tasks. The experimental results acquired during a collision avoidance task are also reported and discussed.


Objective:To explore the biological characteristic Five Flavours categorized of Chinese herbs for treatment over cough based on metabolism MeSH database and provide a method capable for modern research on Chinese herb classification.Method:The Five Flavours categorized Chinese herbs for cough treatment were searched from ancient traditional Chinese books and literatures.Those verified Five Flavours categorized herbs were further searched with MeSH in Pubmed web site.The qualifiernames of metabolism were analyzed with association and factor analysis and compare the differences between different flavour categorized Chinese herbs with Chi square analysis.Results:Sour Chinese herbs are mainly related to Oxidoreductases,Mixed Function Oxygenases,Alcohol Oxidoreductases,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System,Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases,Peptide Hydrolases,Caspases metabolism;Bitter Chinese herbs are mainly related to N-Glycosyl Hydrolases,RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase;Sweet Chinese herbs are mainly related to Ubiquitin,Plant Proteins;Pungent Chinese herbs are mainly related to Xanthine Oxidase,Myosin Heavy Chains,Green Fluorescent Proteins;Salty flavor Chinese herbs are mainly related to Multienzyme Complexes,Polyketide Synthases.Conclusion:The Five flavours categorized Chinese herb classification has its own characteristics in metabolism.


Low-temperature oxidation (LTO) of oil plays an important role in air-injection based oil recovery processes. Systematic investigations on the regularities of LTO reactions, especially those decoupled with the influences of mass transfer, were highly expected to improve field application and even to develop new strategies for heavy oil recovery. In this contribution, both thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimeter and pressure differential scanning calorimeter were employed as microreactors to in situ monitoring the heat release and mass loss performances of the LTO process under different oxygen partial pressures. The total amount of heat resulted from LTO reactions of oil was observed in a linear relationship with oxygen partial pressure. A one-step reaction model was proposed to simulate the low-temperature mass loss behavior. The kinetic parameters were calculated based on the Arrhenius expression and the assumption of distributed activation energy. These results indicated the feasibility of i...


The development of a new observational system called LISDAD (Lightning Imaging Sensor Demonstration and Display) has enabled a study of severe weather in central Florida. The total flash rates for storms verified to be severe are found to exceed 60 flashes/rain, with some values reaching 500 flashes/min. Similar to earlier results for thunderstorm microbursts, the peak flash rate precedes the severe weather at the ground by 5-20 minutes. A distinguishing feature of severe storms is the presence of lightning "jumps"-abrupt increases in flash rate in advance of the maximum rate for the storm. The systematic total lightning precursor to severe weather of all kinds-wind, hail, tornadoes-is interpreted in terms of the updraft that sows the seeds aloft for severe weather at the surface and simultaneously stimulates the ice microphysics that drives the intracloud lightning activity.


The survival of Chinese hamster cells in culture was used as a test system to determine the RBE of neutrons over a wide energy range. The Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF) at Brookhaven National Laboratory was used for experiments involving nine neutron energies between 110 keV and 15 MeV; for all but the lowest energy the beams were essentially monoenergetic. Additional experiments were performed with high energy cyclotron-produced neutrons at the Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C., and at the Texas A&M Variable Energy Cyclotron (TAMVEC). In both cases broad neutron energy spectra were involved. In each experiment, survival curves were obtained for one neutron energy and compared with 250 kVp X rays, using cells from the same suspension and common controls. In this way a detailed study was made of the relation between RBE and neutron absorbed dose for each neutron energy. At any given cell survival level, RBE varies with neutron energy. Neutrons at 350 keV are biologically the ...


. Since 2003, China has been the largest importer of cotton in the world. Generally, China's cotton import has relatively high market centralization at present with the cotton imported from top three trading partners taking up 74.94% of the total import of cotton. This paper constructed an improved gravity model of trade and analyzed the development potential of China's cotton import by utilizing the panel data during 1992-2016 of top forty trading partners. Results of the empirical study show that the cotton imported to China from fourteen countries including Switzerland, Nigeria, Bengal, Indonesia, Turkey and Australia is at the stage of excessive import"; the cotton imported to China from eleven countries including Cameroon, Egypt, Togo, Chad, Mali and India is at the stage of "import saturation", so there is limited space for the import of cotton from those countries; the cotton imported to China from fifteen countries including Cote d'Ivoire, Zambia, Malaysia, Tajikistan and Brazil is at the stage of "insufficient import". Besides, China shall preferentially import cotton from Turkmenistan, Iran and Malaysia which offer relatively lower export price and increase imports from Brazil and Greece these two major cotton producers and exporters.


The principles of Confucianism are founded on humaneness, righteousness, propriety, knowledge, integrity and filial piety. These principles have found their way to the Chinese culture since the days of Confucius. The study reviews the concept of Confucianism and its influence in Chinese context. Also, the relationship between Confucianism and character education is discussed. Character education is based on the transmission of values and within Chinese society and most of these values have been founded on the teachings of Confucius. Filial piety has strongly been conditioned within the principles of Confucianism and the respect of one's elders. Character education has been promoted by teachers and elders who focus on the transmission of values from one generation to the next. Character education is supported by the theories and teachings set out by Confucius, mostly in relation to humaneness and integrity, as well as collectivism. The individualistic trends are discarded within character education, as the welfare of the society and the collective is prioritized.


CROSSING PATHS FOR RAILWAYS SUSPENDED TWO-WAY. A CROSSING PATHS FOR UNDERCARRIAGE, AVAILABLE IN BOX BEAM OF A RAILWAY SUSPENDED TWO-WAY, INCLUDES BOTH SIDES OF SLOT 9 pRACTICED IN BOTTOM cHORD OF BEAM BODY, THE DRIVING SURFACES FOR WHEELS AND CARRIERS 7, ON THE SIDE WALLS OF BOX BEAM, RAIL OPERATORS 6A AND GUIDANCE SURFACES PARALLEL TO THE ROLLERS GUIDE 8. SIDE FOR bRIDGING THE WAY IS USED NOT USED TWO BODIES WITH HOLDERS pivotable 3 SURFACE FOR GUIDING SIDE 10B, 11B AND POSSIBLY DRIVING SURFACES FOR WHEELS CARRIERS 7. AT LEAST THE AN ORGAN-MEDIA 3 WILLING RAIL OPERATORS 6B. BODIES HOLDERS MAY 3 retract RECESSES IN FIXED SIDE WALLS OF BOX BEAM OF ONE OR THE OTHER WAY.


Highly regulated domains such as finance have long favoured the use of machine learning algorithms that are scalable, transparent, robust and yield better performance. One of the most prominent examples of such an algorithm is XGBoost. Meanwhile, there is also a growing interest in building fair and unbiased models in these regulated domains and numerous bias-mitigation algorithms have been proposed to this end. However, most of these bias-mitigation methods are restricted to specific model families such as logistic regression or support vector machine models, thus leaving modelers with a difficult decision of choosing between fairness from the bias-mitigation algorithms and scalability, transparency, performance from algorithms such as XGBoost. We aim to leverage the best of both worlds by proposing a fair variant of XGBoost that enjoys all the advantages of XGBoost, while also matching the levels of fairness from the state-of-the-art bias-mitigation algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed solution requires very little in terms of changes to the original XGBoost library, thus making it easy for adoption. We provide an empirical analysis of our proposed method on standard benchmark datasets used in the fairness community.


Backgraund. Peripheral blood reticulocytes and aging of the activity of these cells are markers of erythropoiesis activity. The purpose of this study was to examine changes of reticulocytes in blood formation of elite athletes in endurance sports during the preparation and the competitive periods. Methods. Reticulocytes and IRF content was examined in blood of 305 elite athletes aged 20-26 years that specialized in swimming, biathlon, cross-country skiing, kayaking and canoeing, rowing and cycling. At various stages of preparation 459 blood tests were performed and processed. Capillary blood was analysed using a haematology analyser SYSMEX XT 2000i. Results. Differences in reticulocytes depending on sport, gender and qualification were not found. Increase in reticulocytes was marked for male athletes in the age aspect, for females, reduction was observed. A tendency of average reticulocytes group data in peripheral blood at various stages of the annual preparation cycle was found: reduction of the amount of reticulocytes in competition period. This pattern was found regardless of gender. Similar evidence was found concerning the dynamics of IRF at the stages of the annual training. Conclusion. The effect of training activity on reticulocyte indices in the annual training cycle is related to the direction, duration and intensity of physical activity in different periods of training. Changes in reticulocytic indices may be due to effects such as hemoconcentration and hemodilution appearing after exercise in the corresponding areas of energy supply.


The E- and Z-forms of iminoacetonitrile, HNCH–CN, are formed by 308 nm photolysis of azidoacetonitrile in an Ar matrix at 11 K and identified by their i.r. spectra and the observed isotopic shifts in the 15N isotopomers; a previous claim of the formation of the corresponding isonitrile, HNCH–NC, is shown to be erroneous.


Methods The Hadassah ultrasound database was cross referenced with the births database for all patients who gave birth within 2 days of the ultrasound examination between 2010-2017. The obtained dataset includes examinations performed by either technicians or obstetricians who are ultrasound experts. Inclusion criteria were: singleton viable pregnancy ; all 4 measurements (AC, BPD, HC, FL) were detailed; performed by a single operator. Duplicate, incomplete and discordant records were excluded from analysis. The estimated fetal weight (EFW) was calculated according to two Hadlock formulas (AC-FL and AC-BPD). The EFW-BW difference (ie the difference between the actual birthweight and EFW) was calculated by the formula (EFW-BW)/BW*100. Then, the distributions of the EFW-BW difference for each formula were compared between technicians and obstetricians.


The invention discloses a multifunctional floating nuclear energy device which comprises a reactor that is mounted in a safe housing. Heat pipeline of the reactor is connected with a steam turbine. The steam turbine drives a power generator to generate electric power. The heat pipeline of the reactor is directly connected with a seawater desalination system, a domestic warming system and a heavy oil exploration system. Furthermore high-temperature hot air discharged from the turbine engine is conveyed to the seawater desalination system, the domestic warming system and the heavy oil exploration system through secondary pipeline. According to the multifunctional floating nuclear energy device, the reactor which is carried by a barge is used as a power source. Power which is generated by the power source is diverted. Besides power generating by the steam turbine, the power generated by the power source is also used for seawater desalination, warming, heavy oil exploration. Multiple treatments are performed on the power of the nuclear reactor, thereby settling a problem that an existing floating nuclear station can only be used for generating power, enriching kind of energies and facilitating composite type energy supplying of specific items of marine operation, etc. Through performing secondary utilization on the energy which drives the steam turbine, utilization rate of the nuclear reactor is greatly improved.


Resource allocation in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is certainly a challenging issue. WSNs are characterized by special features, like energy constraints and limited computing resources. Latest trends define that sensors should be able to provide Quality of Service (QoS) demanding data transmission. A modern approach in bandwidth sharing considers both the packet queue load as well as the traffic priority. A new QoS aware channel sharing approach is introduced, analyzing the effect of queue load in WSN Medium Access Control (MAC). The analysis reveals that the queue load factor has a great impact on QoS provision in bandwidth sharing, while packet priorities are also considered.


In the last 20 years, a significant mortality of Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) has been documented in central and northern European forests. Surprisingly, no beech die off occurred at the southern limit. This fact leads us to hypothesize that European beech populations growing at the southern limit of the distribution might have a significant phenotypic plasticity to better cope with low water availability and rising temperatures. To check this hypothesis, we evaluated the ecophysiological behavior of F. sylvatica growing along an altitudinal transect in Calabria (Italy). We selected three study sites (750 m a.s.l., 976 m a.sl. m a.s.l., 1450 m a.s.l.) showing narrow ranges of temperature, rainfall and air humidity. Trees growing at 976 m a.s.l. showed the highest stomatal conductance values during the entire experimental period. The lowest gas exchange and highest leaf mass area were recorded in plants growing at 750 m a.s.l. In the European beech growing at 1450 m a.s.l., higher vessel density, lower mean vessel diameter and higher vessel grouping index values were recorded. Overall, our results highlighted that the measured populations show a considerable phenotypic plasticity leading them to adjust anatomical and physiological traits in response to narrow ranges of environmental parameters. Despite that, the distribution of F. sylvatica seems to be limited to areas with a growing season rainfall of at least 400 mm and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) values < 3 kPa, which may represent the main environmental thresholds which strongly limit the beech growth and, therefore, influence the ability of this species to cope with future environmental conditions.


The shortest path problem is the core model that lies at the heart of network optimization.It assumes that the weight of the arcs in traditional networks is static and a determinate number,which is not true in many fields such as intelligent transportation systems and computer network and communication fields.The TDSP(Time-Dependent Shortest Path) problem is one of the problems derived from SP(Shortest Path).Comparing with the traditional SP,TDSP is of more practical meaning in the fields of communication networks and traffic and transportation networks.In some limited conditions,such as the FIFO network and no-FIFO network,there can be some instances of polynomial time algorithms for TDSP.However,it has been proved that there is not any polynomial time algorithm when the cost of the network arc is general functions.More universally,in the cases of not limiting characters of arc cost functions,the optimal model of TDSP is formulated,and the two-level optimal intelligent algorithm based on node priority encoding is presented in this paper.Finally,a numerical instance is given.


Context. The study of star formation is extremely challenging, due to the lack of complete and clean samples of young nearby clusters and star-forming regions. The recent Gaia DR2 catalogue complemented with the deep ground-based COSMIC DANCe catalogue o ff ers a new database of unprecedented accuracy to revisit the membership of clusters and star-forming regions. The 30Myr open cluster IC 4665 is one of the few well-known clusters of this age and it is an excellent target where evolutionary models can be tested and planetary formation studied. Aims. We provide a comprehensive membership analysis of IC 4665 and study the following properties: empirical isochrones, dis- tance, magnitude distribution, present-day system mass function, and spatial distribution. Methods. We used the Gaia DR2 catalogue together with the DANCe catalogue to look for members via a probabilistic model of the distribution of the observable quantities in both the cluster and background populations. Results. We obtained a final list of 819 candidate members that cover a 12.4 magnitude range (7 < J < 19 . 4). We find that 50% are new candidates, and we estimate a conservative contamination rate of 20%. This unique sample of members allows us to obtain a present-day system mass function in the range of 0.02–6 M (cid:12) , which reveals a number of details not seen in previous studies. In addition, we find that a spherically symmetric spatial distribution is favoured by our final list of members for this young open cluster. Conclusions. Our membership analysis represents a significant increase in the quantity and quality (low contamination) with respect to previous studies. It o ff ers an excellent opportunity to revisit other fundamental parameters such as age.


This study was to examine the image of Martial-art in order to provide basic data for effective management of private Martial-arts club such as Kumdo, Taekwondo, Hapkido, and Judo. To achieve this purpose, survey method was used and 452 subjects were collected. The questionnaire obtained reliability through 'Cronbach's ? as .660~.842 and validity was acquired by using 'factor analysis'. For analysing data, SPSS V12.0 was used and 'frequency analysis', 'descriptive statistic', 'independent t-test', 'one-way ANOVA' were adopted. The following results were derived. First, Kumdo, Taekwondo, Hapkido, and Judo were high in order in preference of martial-art image. Second, in product among marketing mix factors, Kumdo was the highest in suitability of women training, getting rid of stress, age restriction, and concentrating attention and Taekwondo was higher than Hapkido and Judo in developing physical strength. Third, in place, Kumdo was the highest in safety facility, scale, and subsidiary facility. In addition Taekwondo was the highest in martial-art's location. Forth, in price(registration fee and equipment), Kumdo was the highest. Fifth, in promotion(international image, game rule, and training way), Taekwondo was the highest, sixth, Judo(concentration), Hapki-do, Taekwondo(safety facility) and Kumdo(registration fee and equipment) were not similar to other martial-arts at similarity of marketing mix image in each martial-art. On the other hand, Hapkido and Kum-do as well as Judo and taekwondo were similar in game rule and training way.


This paper proposes a reusable method of requirement modeling. In domain requirement modeling, build a feature tree to describe features and a feature dependency model to manage relationships among features; define a series of rules to ensure the accuracy and consistency in tailoring and get the application feature model; finally extend UML to merge feature and object and build the application model.


Having gained an MA in Shakespeare and Cultural History at The Shakespeare Institute, Kath Bradley undertook an Mphil, examining the performance history of the collaborative play, Sir Thomas More. This led to a doctorate from Nottingham Trent University, investigating how contemporary theatre directors have presented two further collaborative plays, Edward III and Arden of Faversham, in order to address specific political issues.


The necessary and sufficient conditions have been obtained for extendability of a Banach representation of a generating Lie semigroup S to a local representation of the Lie group G generated by S when the tangent wedge of S is a Lie semialgebra. The most convenient conditions we obtain correspond to the case of unitary representations. In this case, we give a criterion of global extendability if G is exponential and solvable.


In the present study, the endemic Sideritis argyrea, S. congesta and S. erythrantha var. cedretorum methanol extracts from the dried aerial parts were evaluated for their antioxidant potential and total phenolic content. Also, one of the major constituents, chlorogenic acid was quantified using a previously validated HPLC method. The highest total phenolic content was determined in S. erythrantha var. cedretorum as 190.78±2.46 mg GAE/g; whereas, the highest antioxidant activity results were obtained for S. erythrantha var. cedretorum by using both DPPH and ABTS assays. Chlorogenic acid contents of the S. argyrea, S. congesta, and S. erythrantha var. cedretorum were determined as 0.196±0.01 g/100g dw, 0.289±0.007 g/100g dw, and 0.282±0.01 g/100g dw, respectively. Sideritis taxa with particular high total phenolic content and antioxidant potential can be addressed as a chlorogenic acid source.


Geophysical surveys using electroresistivity methods and hydrochemical analyses were applied aiming the characterization of geoelectrical signatures in hydrocarbon contaminated sites located in the Polo Industrial de Cubatão – SP. There have been accomplished nineteen vertical electric soundings (VESs), four 2D and three 3D electrical imaging, which identified 12, 21 and 9 geophysical anomalies respectively. It was verified that the presence of conductive anomalies within the non-saturated zone coincided with the occurrence of free phase on the monitoring wells. Ammonium (NH+ 4 ) identification, underlying the free phase occurrence, reinforced the activity of denitrifying process. Additionally, low concentration values of sulfate (SO2− 4 ) and ferrous (Fe2+) ions indicated that they were, respectively, biologically reduced to sulfide (S2−) and precipitated as iron sulfide (FeS). Based on those results, it was concluded that the conductive anomalies detected inside the non-saturated zone were directly associated with the presence of hydrocarbon residual phase, with was undergoing a biodegradation process. Therefore, the geophysical methods applied in this study allowed the identification of sites under petroleum hydrocarbons influence.


A suite of quartz- and corundum-bearing metapelitic granulites, intruded by layered gabbronorite-pyroxenite-anorthosite at Kondapalle, Eastern Ghats Belt, preserves a multitude of reaction textures involving oxide and silicate minerals that attest to several prograde and retrograde reactions. In the quartz-bearing associations, the reactions are: (a) biotite + sillimanite + quartz →garnet + liquid; (b) garnet + sillimanite →spinel (+ magnetite) + quartz; (c) Fe2TiO4 + O2 →ferrian ilmenite + magnetite; (d) reversal of reaction (b); (e) Fe2O3-rich ilmenite + plagioclase + quartz →Fe2O3-poor ilmenite + garnet + O2. Reactions in the corundum-bearing associations are: (f) spinel + biotite + sillimanite →garnet + liquid; (g) biotite + sillimanite →garnet + Ti-rich spinel + corundum + liquid; (h) biotite + sillimanite →garnet + corundum + liquid; (i) Fe2TiO4 + FeAl2O4 + O2 →ferrian ilmenite + Fe3O4 + Al2O3 (in ilmenite); (j) garnet + corundum →spinel + sillimanite. To examine the paragenetic evolution of the metapelitic granulites, a petrogenetic grid for the KFMASH system at high temperatures and pressures, involving quartz and corundum, was constructed. The sequence of inferred reactions documents an anticlockwise heating-cooling path. Reintegrated compositions of spinel (with >10 mol % Fe2TiO4) and feldspars indicate ultra-high temperature (UHT) of metamorphism (>1000°C), comparable with the liquidus temperature of the enclosing magmatic rocks. Crystallization pressures inferred for the magmatic rocks and the pressure constraints imposed by the petrogenetic grid on the metapelite assemblages indicate that the emplacement of the igneous suite and the accompanying UHT metamorphism occurred in the lower crust (>8 kbar). Reported U-Pb cooling ages of monazite and allanite from a late pegmatite suggest the UHT metamorphism to be older than 1600 Ma. The deduced P-T history and the absence of Grenvillian high-grade metamorphism in the study area provide important constraints on the configuration of East Gondwana, in particular on the continuation of the Napier-Rayner terrane boundary into the Eastern Ghats Belt.


— Electromagnetic flow meter by measuring the varying of magnetic flux, which is related to the velocity of conductive flow, can measure the rate of fluids very carefully and precisely. Electromagnetic flow meter operation is based on famous Faraday's second Law. In these equipments, the constant magnetostatic field is produced by electromagnet (winding around the tube) outside of pipe and inducting voltage that is due to conductive liquid flow is measured by electrodes located on two end side of the pipe wall. In this research, we consider to 2-dimensional mathematical model that can be solved by numerical finite difference (FD) solution approach to calculate induction potential between electrodes. The fundamental concept to design the electromagnetic flow meter, exciting winding and simulations are come out by using MATLAB and PDE-Tool software. In the last stage, simulations results will be shown for improvement and accuracy of technical provision.


A growing body of research documents the role that organizational learning plays in improving firm performance over time. To date, however, this literature has given limited attention to the effect that the internal structure of the firm can have on generating differences in these learning rates. This paper focuses on the degree to which interdependence--and in particular one structural characteristic that generates interdependence, vertical integration--affects organizational learning. Firms face a trade-off. In stable environments, vertically integrating severely limits the organization's ability to learn by doing because boundedly rational managers find the optimization of operations difficult when making highly interdependent choices. As the volatility of the environment increases though, integration can facilitate learning-by-doing by buffering activities within the firm from instability in the external environment. Thus, firms with a high degree of interdependence suffer less in these environments. Tests of these hypotheses on the growth and exit rates of computer workstation manufacturers support this thesis.


As the size and the complexity of today's HW designs increase significantly, the debugging process becomes a real bottleneck in the function verification life cycle. A huge amount of debugging data is generated during HW design simulation, emulation and prototyping sessions. So any attempt to automate the diagnosis of the resulted data can be of great help to reduce the debugging time and increase the diagnosis accuracy. This paper proposes the utilization of machine learning techniques to automate the diagnosis of design trace history. k-means clustering technique is used to group the trace segments that own huge similarity and identify the ones that occur rarely during the design execution time. We demonstrate the application of the proposed framework in guiding the functional verification debugging effort using a group of industrial HW designs.


A recently developed two-dimensional optical technique has been applied for measuring two-dimensional maps of soot volume fractions, particle number densities and mean particle radii in a turbulent acetylene-air diffusion flame. The technique is based on the simultaneous detection of Rayleigh-Scattering and Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) in combination with the detection of the extinction from one single laser pulse (RAYLIX-technique). Single shot experiments in the investigated flame exhibit small particles in zones of high particle number densities and vice versa. Mean values and standard deviations are obtained by averaging 1000 single laser shots. The results reveal large relative fluctuations of soot volume fractions, number densities and particle radius in the outer region of the flame due to its turbulent structure. Two-dimensional probability density functions (PDFS) of number density and particle radius are obtained, which provide a useful data basis for future modeling of turbulent flames by means of PDF-models. Finally turbulent length scales are determined from autocorrelation functions. This information is important for engineering and also modeling purposes.


The purpose of this research is to analyze the information system quality of Korea Tourism Organization (KTO)'s website in foreign language versions that target foreigners and to evaluate the web compatibility of the KTO website with various web browsers. To examine the differences in the information system quality of the KTO website for specific countries, data were collected by distributing 89 copies of a questionnaire in English, 93 in Chinese, and 91 in Japanese. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted with SPSS 23.0. Results of the analysis show that the three groups significantly differed on all information system quality components except "usage convenience." As for the information system quality, the Japanese website group ranked it as first, followed by the Chinese website group and the English website group. To look into the compatibility of the KTO website in foreign language versions, a website analyzing tool called Sort Site was used. The result shows that the English website and the Japanese website of KTO have 3 types of minor issues on page 8 and there were one major issue and 3 minor issues on page 10 in the Chinese website. The result of this research can strengthen the competitiveness of Korean tourism.


INTRODUCTION persons. In Americans older than 65 years of age, the 4 Due to an excellent work done on health of elderly people trauma is the seventh leading case of death . Road traffic by recent medical research, there is prolonging of life in accidents frequently result in major disability and elderly elderly peoples. They are enjoying good health. It has persons suffer from more grievous injuries following made them capable of living longer period of life in action trauma. They are more likely to develop co-morbid 1 and earning status .The population of older people is ailments, and severe complications, especially in those 5 increasing at a rate of 2.6 Percent per year globally, over 80 years of age . The healthcare professionals are considerably faster than population as a whole which is facing great challenges due to increasing numbers of 2 growing at a rate of 1.1 percent per annum . The elderly elderly people admitted in orthopedic units. In elderly population in Pakistan was 7.3 million (5.6 percent of person not only the physiology is altered but they are also total population) in 1998 which will become to be 26.84 on multiple drugs suffering from several systematic and million (11 percent of total population) by 2025. These metabolic disorders. For the treatment of elderly one has 6 aging trends led the health of elderly population as an to observe ethical considerations . important issue internationally. The health of elderly people is given special attention in developed countries A field survey about the living conditions and health since long but it has also became an important issue in status of elderly people in Punjab, province of Pakistan 3 recent years in developing countries . Twenty five was conducted. This survey revealed that overall percent of all trauma related injuries occur in elderly conditions of the elderly were worst in Southern Punjab. ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES AMONG ELDERLY PERSONS; FREQUENCY AND ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK FACTORS


One of the leading publishers of flash fiction, Rose Metal Press (RMP), recently released They Could No Longer Contain Themselves, a collection of five chapbooks of flash fiction edited by RMP founders Kathleen Rooney and Abigail Beckel. The first four chapbooks in the anthology are finalists in the fourth annual RMP chapbook competition (won by Mary Hamilton's We Know What We Are [2010]). The last is the winner of the third competition whose limited-edition letterpress chapbook is completely sold out, and is now reprinted here for posterity. John Jodzio's "Do Not Touch Me Not Now Not Ever" is the first chapbook in the anthology, and focuses on the differences between reality and appearance; how not everything is always as it seems. For instance, in "Dojo," an obsessed young man steals his yoga teacher's wallet, using her money to buy flowers and become the sympathetic shoulder she cries on. In "My First Wife," Jodzio brilliantly uses the constant noise of a rock polisher as a metaphor purpose and motivation, unlike people whose motivations are internal and private. Last but not least is Sean Lovelace's "How Some People Like Their Eggs," the sold-out winner of the third annual RMP chapbook competition. Lovelace's fictions experiment with form extensively, utilizing the short form to its maximum expressiveness. "Charlie Brown's Diary: Excerpts," for instance, uses six short diary entries between 1958 and 2000 to explore the psyche of the titular comic character as he goes through the repetitions of his life, persevering, but always falling short of his goals. In "A Sigh Is Just a Sigh," Lovelace uses Casablanca (1942) as a frame around which a dissatisfied man builds some meaning and vitality back into his marriage, at least for a time. Cryptic, and thought-provoking, this is perhaps the most traditional (if such a word can be used) of the flash fictions in this anthology because each story feels truly incomplete upon the first read, demanding another perusal only after some serious thought. Brevity is one of the ultimate appeals of flash fiction. Reading flash can be squeezed into small snippets, enjoyed between the obligations of today's fast-paced, media-saturated world. Despite the length, the best flash is more than a quick literary fix; it resonates and blooms in memory, the gnomonic nature of the fiction spurring more thought, interpretation, and meaning well after the text is put down. Each of the five authors represented in this anthology offer chapbooks of stories that are a complex interplay of themes, characters, and literary form. A perfect mix of short and rewarding fictions, They Could No Longer Contain Themselves can be consumed voraciously, ripping through the works at a pace that can't be done with more traditional literary forms. Alternately, it can be digested slowly, one bite-sized story at a time. Either way, the stories in They Could No Longer Contain Themselves succeed in offering a wide range of literary and emotional rewards for readers who want a text that can be read quickly, but is anything but simplistic.


Researchers commence on the destruction of earthquake,discuss the anti-seismic performance and strengthening measures of masonry structure,concrete structure and steel structure,and compare and analyze the anti-seismic performance of all kinds of structure,thus optimizing the anti-seismic performance further.


Bradykinin potentiating peptides obtained from Bothrops jararaca venom have been isolated, characterized, and synthesized. They inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, inhibit kininases, and potentiate the activity of bradykinin in vitro as well as in vivo. BPP5a (PCA-Lys-Trp-Ala-Pro) has a short duration of action in vivo when compared with the nonapeptide BPP9a (PCA-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro). BPP5a produced hypotension in renal hypertensive rats where independent evidence exists for the participation of the renin-angiotensin system. It is suggested that these peptides be used as a screening test to detect overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system.


Despite adherence to lifestyle modifications and drug therapy, many patients' lipid profiles remain inadequately controlled. In the Lipid Treatment Assessment Project, only 38% of patients achieved target cholesterol levels.1 Pharmacologic interventions frequently consist of therapy with a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor. These agents, to varying degrees, effectively lower total cholesterol (TC), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels and raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Most often, clinicians use HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors to lower LDL-C levels to achieve goals established by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel.2 The Veterans Afffairs (VA) national formulary requires that lovastatin or simvastatin (Zocor—Merck) be used as initial therapy if an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is indicated. Clinicians in the VA Boston Healthcare System frequently make nonformulary requests for atorvastatin (Lipitor—Pfizer). These requests are often denied because they do not meet the criteria for use established by the Veterans Health Administration Pharmacy Benefits Management-Medical Advisory Panel.3 The guidelines state that atorvastatin should be reserved for patients who have not attained cholesterol goals with other lipid-modifying agents. Due to differing drug potencies among the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors,4 many patients are started on lovastatin, switched to simvastatin, and finally changed to atorvastatin. Within the VA Boston Healthcare System, it has been presumed that the change from simvastatin to atorvastatin has been efficacious and well tolerated.


Life-style term is examined in the context of discussion on necessity of class theory improvement,
namely, because of life-style diversification trend. In the article Hans-Peter Muller 's life-style approach
to the social stratification studying is presented.


This thesis seeks to explore the development of a building material with regards to its durability and production. It does so in the examination of the advances in material understanding and technique with regards to a unique twentieth century material – precast exposed aggregate concrete. Tested, refined and later patented by craftsman John J. Earley, the precise process of creating exposed aggregate concrete cladding (today known as the MoSai technique) holds unique implications for its preservation. Analyzing what Earley and those who helped refine the MoSai process over the years understood with regards to the material's properties will determine whether the material's evolved production has preservation implications inherent to the process. The way in which Earley approached perfecting precast exposed aggregate concrete paneling will also assert his place in architectural history beyond the development of a durable, permanent material; his Earley Process has had lasting influences on today's standards and production – separating today's materials from their traditional predecessors and thus, potentially affecting how preservationists view all modern materials as they ready themselves for the future of their work. Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments A thesis in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science in Historic Preservation 2008. Advisor: Michael C. Henry This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/97 THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRECAST EXPOSED AGGREGATE CONCRETE CLADDING: THE LEGACY OF JOHN J. EARLEY AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRESERVATION PHILOSOPHY


A on Hester Prynne's breast both demands and defies interpretation. That scarlet , . . had the effect a spell, taking her the relations with humanity, her in a sphere by herself."


Via the studies on three times economy - hot issues and reasons, the paper considers that China's agriculture development is not to exceed the scope of agriculture of policy, if the improvement of the economy, the agriculture cast away, however, if economy tight, the agriculture strengthened firstly, is existence at present. So, the transferring from agriculture of policy to a-griculture of market is taken to achieve the establishment of agriculture development.


The paper introduces the application of the orthotropic steel bridge deck pavement and the steel bridge deck pavement technique in China and their development,illustrates the research results and characteristics of the steel bridge deck pavement technique at abroad,and sums up the advantages and disadvantages of the grouting asphalt concrete pavement layer and the pavement layer for the epoxy asphalt concrete,so as to direct the construction of the steel bridge deck pavement.


Flash droughts are noted by their unusually rapid rate of onset or intensification, which makes it difficult to anticipate and prepare for them, thus resulting in severe impacts. Although the development of flash drought can be associated with certain atmospheric conditions, vegetation also plays a role in propagating flash drought. This study examines the climatology of warm season (March–September) flash drought occurrence in the United States between 1979 and 2014, and quantifies the possible impacts of vegetation on flash drought based on a set of sensitivity experiments using the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2). With atmospheric nudging, CESM2 well captures historical flash drought. Compared with NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), and National Climate Assessment–Land Data Assimilation System (NCA-LDAS), CESM2 shows agreement on the high flash drought frequency in the Great Plains and southeastern United States, but overestimates flash drought occurrence in the Midwest. The vegetation sensitivity experiments suggest that vegetation greening can significantly increase the flash drought frequency in the Great Plains and the western United States during the warm seasons through enhanced evapotranspiration. However, flash drought occurrence is not significantly affected by vegetation phenology in the eastern United States and Midwest due to weak land–atmosphere coupling. In response to vegetation greening, the extent of flash drought also increases, but the duration of flash drought is not sensitive to greening. This study highlights the importance of vegetation in flash drought development, and provides insights for improving flash drought monitoring and early warning.


In this paper, we investigated the possibility of determining the internal resistance of the battery by pulsed method with followed Fourier transformation in transition characteristics. The changes of internal resistance of lithium sulfur cells were studied in dependence on the discharge and charge depths during continuous cycling by proposed method. It was shown that the internal resistance of lithium sulfur cell was maximal at the point corresponding to the transition between high-voltage and low-voltage plateaus both at the charge curves and at the discharge curves. The most significant increase in the internal resistance of lithium sulfur cells occurs at the initial stages of cycling. It was found that the internal resistance of lithium sulphur cell is governed by the way the state of charge is achieved. This is due to the difference in densities of products, generated in positive electrodes by electrochemical reactions at charge (d(S)=2.07 g/cm3) and discharge (d(Li2S)=1.63 g/cm3).


Contributing to the call for improving secondary instruction, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM, 2000) emphasized that students should gain quantitative reasoning abilities that lead to work with quantitative information and be able to use formulas and graphs to represent how quantities in real-life phenomena are related to one another and change together. Ellis (2007) suggested that one way to support students' quantitative reasoning is by engaging them in problemsolving activities that require (a) exploring how changing initial quantities will affect the emergent quantities, (b) determining how to adjust the initial quantities while keeping the emergent quantities constant, and (c) determining how to adjust the emergent quantities with the initial quantities (p. 475). In that sense, mathematical modeling problems naturally provide an environment for fostering and nurturing quantitative reasoning skills (Carlson, Larsen, & Lesh, 2003; Thompson, 2011). In this poster presentation, a partial report of a larger study, we examined two tenth-graders'— Carlos and Ahmad (pseudonyms)—quantitative reasoning patterns and quantification processes while they solved mathematical modeling problems. Each student was interviewed one-on-one and given four modeling problems. Each interview was approximately 60 minutes long, and the students were encouraged to explain their reasoning processes (Ericsson & Simon, 1998). In the data analysis, we adopted the quantitative reasoning in context (QRC) framework (Mayes, Peterson, & Bonilla, 2013), which has four elements: (a) the quantification act (QA), the ability to identify the mathematical objects and their unit measures; (b) quantitative literacy (QL), the ability to identify, compare, manipulate, and draw conclusions from variables; (c) quantitative interpretation (QI), the ability to discover patterns and trends; and (d) quantitative modeling (QM), the ability to create representations to explain the problem and to revise them based on their fit into reality (p. 130). The initial findings indicate that both the students were comfortable when identifying variables and their unit measures. Both recognized that they had assigned numbers as assumptions. Two distinct patterns emerged when comparing and manipulating the unit measures throughout the four modeling problems: (a) when Carlos assigned numbers, he primarily used the smallest unit as a measure and made calculations from the part to the whole (inductive thinking approach) (Simon,1996), whereas Ahmad always simplified the whole unit to reach the smallest unit at the end and made calculations from the whole to the part (deductive thinking approach) (Simon, 1996), (b) those thinking approaches impacted their quantitative interpretations on the mathematical models they had created (i.e., tables and graphs). For example, while Carlos explained the patterns on his graphs in a descriptive modeling way (Maaß, 2010) as explaining or forecasting the real-life situation, Ahmad's explanations were solely focused on the generalized mathematical results and mathematical accuracy in a normative modeling way (Maaß, 2010). In the presentation, the excerpts will be shared under each reasoning pattern, and possible instructional implications will be discussed.


There is a need in the field of international entrepreneurship for ideas and theory developed from within the SME field and less reliance on that developed in the field of international business and large firms. This paper seeks to address this gap but examining the two groups of international entrepreneurs from China and India: the Wenzhou people and the Chettiars. These two groups began internationalising in the past before globalisation became a norm in the colonial days and before when ships sailed along trade winds. It seeks to draw lessons from these two groups: their collectivistic norms and practices.


-Knowledge is socially constructed, yet humans succeed in knowing a great deal about their environments. Recent debates over the nature of "science" involve extreme positions, from claims that allscience is arbitrary to claims that science is somehow a privileged body of truth. Something may be learned by considering the biological know ledge of a very different culture with a long record of high civilization. Yucatec Maya cthnobiology agrees with contemporary international biological science in many respects, almost all of them highly specific, pragmatic and observational. It differs in many other respects, most of them highly inferential and cosmological. One may tentatively conclude that common observation of everyday matters is more directly affected by interaction with the nonhuman environment than is abstract deductive reasoning. but that social factors operate at all levels.


The influence of community and regional social structure on agricultural productivity and on the welfare of farm families is increasingly acknowledged. Agricultural growth is more than a matter of good soil and technology. These factors, important as they are, can be productive only in the context of an organizational infrastructure that coordinates the many components of progressive agriculture and links the region to the outside world. One specification of the relationship between social organization and agriculture is the so-called urban-industrial impact hypothesis. Simply stated, it claims that farm incomes and productivity are highest near centers of urban-industrial development. This hypothesis has been tested a number of times and in different ways on the counties of the United States [Bachmura 1956; Sinclair 1957; Tang 1958; Sisler 1959; Nicholls 1961;1 Hathaway 1964; Bryant 1966; Bryant and O'Connor 1968] as well as on the municipalities of Sdo Paulo in Brazil [Nicholls 1969] .2 With some important exceptions, which will be discussed below, the empirical studies support the hypothesis, and it has been refined in a number of ways. It is still useful, however, to test it again, particularly in a European setting. Thus, while the principal purpose of this paper is to replicate the urban-industrial hypothesis on a sample of Finnish communes, it will contribute new material in two areas: the effect of regional centers and of national policy on agricultural incomes and productivity.


This paper completes a three-part study of non-breeding individuals in the nesting population of the Ad6lie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) at Cape Crozier, Ross Island, Antarctica, where many banded, known-age individuals are present. LeResche and Sladen (1970) and LeResche (1971), who also worked with these birds, found that they first visit the breeding rookery as two-year-olds and first breed when three (female) or four (male). Moreover, many do not breed until five to seven years old. These findings suggest that the rates and processes of physiological, morphological, and behavioral maturation related to reproduction may account for non-breeding individuals. Initially, I compared degree of maturity of the reproductive systems of penguins of various ages. I found that males and most females less than four years old are physiologically or morphologically incapable of breeding (Ainley 1974a). This discovery made it even more intriguing that so many fourand five-yearolds, particularly males, failed to breed. I therefore turned my attention to these birds. A preliminary analysis showed their reproductive behavior to be immature in several re-


The diffusion-controlled dissolution of z i rconium in molten uranium was studied for the case in which the t e m pe ra tu r e inc reased monotonically with t ime . A physical model for diffusion-controlled dissolution was postulated, and the equations solved for the specific cases in which the t empera tu re inc reased l inear ly , exponentially and pa rabo l i cal lywith t ime . In o rder to solve these equations it was found useful to t r ans fo rm t ime as an independent var iable to a pa r a m e t e r T which takes into account the var ia t ion with t ime of the t empera tu re and diffusion coefficient. F o r the range of p a r a m e t e r s cons idered to be of exper imenta l in te res t , the r eces s ion of the sol id-l iquid in te r face as a function of T was approximately given by the same express ion for all th ree cases of t e m p e r a t u r e var ia t ion: A L il) i 2 b + a r Here AL is the interface recess ion , and a and b a re constants de termined from the conditions of the specific case being studied. The dissolut ion equations developed in this study may well be applied to the investigation of the diffusion-controlled dissolution of ce r ta in other meta l s in molten uran ium. NOMENCLATURE t = t ime, sec c(x,t) concentra t ion of z i rconium in molten uran ium at point x at t ime t, gm/cm^ T(t) = average sys tem t e m p e r a t u r e at t ime t, °K T(j = da tum t e m p e r a t u r e , t a k e n to be 298°K To = n a t u r a l u r a n i u m m e l t i n g po in t , 1406°K I^[T{t)] = diffusion coef f ic ien t a s funct ion of t e m p e r a t u r e , c m y s e c Do = a m p l i t u d e t e r m in e q u a t i o n for diffusion coef f ic ien t ( see Equa t i on II. 1) cra^/sec E = a c t i v a t i o n e n e r g y for diffusion p r o c e s s , c a l / m o l e R = gas c o n s t a n t , 1-987 c a l / m o l e °K e = E / R , °K n(t) = a v e r a g e n e u t r o n d e n s i t y in s y s t e m a s funct ion of t i m e , n e u t r o n / c m K = c o n v e r s i o n f a c t o r , 6.318 x 10"^^ c a l o r i e a b s o r b e d in u r a n i u m / f i s s i o n S f = m a c r o s c o p i c c r o s s s e c t i o n for t h e r m a l f i s s i o n of n a t u r a l u r a n i u m , 0.1788 cm"^ V = a v e r a g e t h e r m a l n e u t r o n ve loc i t y , 2.20 x 10 c m / s e c P 2 r = d e n s i t y of z i r c o n i u m , a s s u m e d c o n s t a n t a t 6.49 g m / c m PU = d e n s i t y of u r a n i u m , g m / c m S u = spec i f i c h e a t of u r a n i u m c a l / g m ° K k[T( t ) ] = r a t i o of e q u i l i b r i u m c o n c e n t r a t i o n of z i r c o n i u m in m o l t e n u r a n i u m at t e m p e r a t u r e T to d e n s i t y of so l id z i r c o n i u m at the s a m e t e m p e r a t u r e , ( g m / c m ^ ) / ( g m / c m ' ) L = d i s t a n c e f r o m c e n t e r of s y s t e m to s o l i d l i q u i d i n t e r f a c e , c m T v a r i a b l e def ined by E q u a t i o n (11.14), cm^ a,b = p a r a m e t e r s def ined by E q u a t i o n (11.19) / C^ x' er f X = (Z/.JTX) I e~ dX, e r r o r funct ion, d i m e n s i o n l e s s e r f c X = (2/.y7T) I e~ dX, c o m p l i m e n t a r y e r r o r funct ion, d i m e n s i o n l e s s o ' X W(T) = nnass of z i r c o n i u m in so lu t ion at T, g m / c m ^ n o r m a l to d i r e c t i o n of diffusion X = 1 / 0 , w h e r e 6 i s the r e a c t o r p e r i o d , a s s u m e d c o n s t a n t


Anthropometry is the measurements of human frame which gives scientific techniques and strategies for taking various measurements and observations. The phrase Anthropos means human and Metry way size. it is the technology that defines physical measures of a persons length, shape and purposeful capacities. Ayurvedic literature relating Sharir Rachana furnishes certain description on measurements of body and its factors. In our classics PramanSharir is the term given to this subdivision which depicts the importance of measurements or Anthropometry. Praman, the other way defines the idea of measurements of diverse organic entities.It bears an ample significance in medical carried out technology. earlier than beginning with the Chikitsathats dont forget as work inside the field of medication, the wise doctor must carry out the Pareeksha of Karyadesha i.e. AaturSharira. Acharya Charaka explained DashveedhaPareekshavidhi and PramanPareeksha is one among them. The simple goal in the back of Pareeksha is to get understanding regarding the Bala of Rogi, in which Acharya Sushruta considered it as the principle device to get the records concerning Ayu together with that of Bala.TheSharirPraman is only tool for figuring out the Ayu of an person. The Ayurvedic classical literatures are documented along with many hypothetical ideas. within the classics Anguli (finger breadth) Pramana of different parts of the body is categorically cited Rogi Pariksha may be appreciated through the descriptions of the size of the exceptional body part given with the aid of the our Acharyas. The unit of dimension use for this is the difficulty SwaAnguliPramana (finger breadth) underneath the present scheme of Anthropometry the same old unit of Angula has no longer been utilized as the unit measurement if the very own finger breadth use for this reason this get up the query regarding the exact anatomical points where the Anguli ought to be measured to find out the unit of measurement in every individual,. So its miles vital to explore the concept of Anthropometry practiced in ancient technology as PramanaSharir and its utility in scientific, Para clinical and surgical fields.


II. Aetna considers ECP medically necessary in the treatment of acute cardiac allograft rejection that is refractory to standard immunosuppressive drug treatment (resistant or dependent to high-dose steroids plus refractory to 2 or more of the following, unless contraindicated: azathioprine, cyclosporine, methotrexate, and/or polyclonal and monoclonal antilymphocyte agents (e.g., anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG)).


This study examines psychological resources for service employees and their customers, which enhance the service experiences of both parties during service conversations. We investigate whether customer behaviour (customer-initiated support) positively impacts on employees' affect. We also examine the crossover of employees' affect on customers' affect. State positive affect (PA) was assessed in 82 employees of car dealerships and 421 customers on 2 occasions (before and after the conversation). Multi-level analyses showed the hypothesized positive impact of customer behaviour on employees' PA and in turn of employees' PA on customers' PA. Results are integrated in an overall process model whereby customers' PA leads to customer-initiated support, which increases employees' PA and in turn enhances customers' PA. Results suggest direct and indirect crossover effects. This study extends research on customer behaviour offering a positive slant on customer behaviour and suggests to actively involve customers in the service process in order to promote their positive behaviour towards employees.


We study the entanglement dynamics of the system composed of two two-level atoms resonantly interacting with two coupled cavities. The evolutions of atom-atom entanglement, cavity-cavity entanglement and atom-cavity entanglement are investigated. The influence of coupling constant between cavities on entanglement property is discussed. The numerical results show that atom-atom entanglement property is strengthened while atom-cavity entanglement property and cavity-cavity entanglement property are weakened with the increasing of the coupling constant between cavities.


ABSTRACT Addressing a long-standing debate in international relations scholarship, this study shows that international governmental organizations (IGOs) with high economic leverage over their member states, such as some development banks, substantially lower the risk that political disputes experience the use of military force. Empirical tests covering cases of disputatious claims and international crises since 1946 make use of a new classification of IGOs that have economic leverage and use it toward increasing states' cost of using force in disputes. When pairs of states are subject to the economic leverage of IGOs, they are substantially less likely to use force. For the understanding and practice of interstate dispute resolution and international conflict more generally, the study suggests a specific linkage between institutionalized economic interdependence and conflict escalation.