UNLABELLED
TWO PREREQUISITES: In order to avoid the emergence of bacterial resistance, the treatment of nosocomial infections must avoid unnecessary multiplication of antibiotics. Treatment must also be given early for these life-threatening infections. The presence of resistant and/or multiresistant strains is a common cause of antibiotic failure.

EPIDEMIOLOGY
The frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains involved in nosocomial pneumonia remains relatively moderate. It would appear logical to anticipate the presence of MRSA strains in patients given prior antibiotic therapy.

EFFICACY OF LINEZOLIDE
Three clinical trials in patients with nosocomial pneumonia assessed the efficacy of linezolid. All three demonstrated an equivalent efficacy for linezolide and vancomycin.

OTHER ADVANTAGES OF LINEZOLID
Besides its efficacy, linezolid has a good tolerance profile, particularly interesting for intensive care patients with multiple organ insufficiency. It can be given orally and can help reduce hospital stay, an important contribution to cost savings.


• There is no clear consensus regarding the optimal drug and timing of the anticoagulation therapy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). • Upstream anticoagulation therapy would appear to have advantages for patients, both from the ischemic standpoint and from the bleeding one. • Future trials are needed to compare different possible strategies with anticoagulation therapies, regarding both the timing and the optimal drug for ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients.


Wireless sensor network has revolutionized the networking field due to their capabilities to provide data anytime, anywhere and anyhow. This ability of wireless revolution has also opened the other arenas, such as MANET, VANET and wireless sensor networks. The wireless sensor network (WSN) has proved to be useful in the different filed of the applications, where the traditional network have failed. It is their characteristics like limited power consumption, ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions, ability to cope with the node failures, Mobility of nodes, Dynamic network topology, heterogeneity of nodes, large scale of deployment, handling unattended operations which provide them the ability to solve the complex problems such as temperature control, humidity control, vehicular movement, lightening conditions, pressure, soil make up, noise levels, the presence or absence of certain kinds of objects, mechanical stress levels on attached objects, the current characteristics such as speed, direction, and size of an object. As wireless sensor network has changed the definition of the networking field by providing data anywhere, anytime and anyhow but there are some factors that influences the working of WSN and one of them in the power consumption and battery life of the sensor nodes. In this work a power aware protocol has been proposed. The major factor that is affecting the routing is considered as the battery life of the sensor nodes working within the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Further the battery life of the sensor nodes being the major concern in WSN, so this work proposed a routing approach that can efficiently increase the battery life of the sensor nodes.


Multilayer microencapsulation of fish oil was evaluated by using fish gelatin (treated with or without microbial transglutaminase [MTGase]), chitosan, and maltodextrin for its ability to control lipid oxidation. This study showed that a mixture containing gelatin and maltodextrin obtained the highest percentage of core release. The oxidative stability of the formulated mixtures and the bulk oils was investigated during a period of 60 days. The peroxide value (PV) was assessed as a parameter for primary oxidation products, and p-anisidine (p-AV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive sub-stances (TBARS) was used to analyze secondary oxidation compounds. Observation of oxidation products showed that combinations of gelatin and maltodextrin made by adding MTGase and a mixture of gelatin and chitosan were able to increase the oxidative stability, and increases in PV and p-AV and TBARS were found for all oils.


The invention relates to a gel, ESPECIALLY FOR USE IN EYES, characterized in that a viscosity of 10000 to 50000 MPAS, which is achieved by means of a composition containing 1) a polyacrylate in an amount of 0.05 A 3%, and 2) a polymer soluble in water, physiologically tolerable, or mixture of polymers, namely polyvinyl alcohol and / or dextran, at a ratio of 0.1 to 10%, and 3) AUXILIARY SUBSTANCES IN COMMON GELS OF USE EYE, AND 4) optionally ONE OR MORE ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, THE GROUP OF kNOWN IN oPHTHALMOLOGY.


The Large Magellanic Cloud has been observed in the 0.15--10 keV band with two collimated proportional counters, one having a 10' x 4 /sup 0/ (FWHM) field of view, and other a circular field of view of radius 1 /sup 0/.5 (FWHM). A number of soft X-ray (0.5--2 keV) sources were found in the bar of the LMC, having luminosities between 10/sup 37/ and 10/sup 38/ ergs s/sup -1/. One is identified tentatively with the supernova remnant N132D. Emission in the 0.15--0.28 keV band from LMC X-3 detected, and possibly also from the bar region.


This paper presents the indirect field vector control of induction motor (IM) which is controlled by an adaptive Proportional-Integral (PI) speed controller. The proposed solution can overcome the rotor resistance variation, which degrades the performance of speed control. To solve this drawback, an adaptive PI controller is designed with gains adaptation based on fuzzy logic in order to improve the performances of IM with respect to parameters variations, particularly the rotor resistance (Rr). The proposed control algorithm is validated by simulation tests. The obtained results show the robustness towards the load torque disturbances and rotor resistance variation of the adaptive Proportional-Integral fuzzy logic control with respect to classical PI control, and adaptive control based on rotor resistance observer.


The interaction of mu /sup -/ mesons at 150 Mev with U/sup 238/ was investigated using nuclear emulsions. The experimental set-up and the development of the emulsion are described. Some 26,975 cases of the stopping of the mesons in the emulsion were investigated, and 59 cases of fission were observed. The fission probability was considered on the basis of the Fermi- Teller principle and of its independence from Z. The results are compared with previous results. (J.S.R.)


We study slow-roll inflation and the generation of primordial fluctuations in F (T ) gravity's rainbow. We obtain the second order action for scalar and tensor perturbations and then calculate the primordial power spectrum for them. Thus, after calculating the inflationary observables up to first order in slow-roll approximation, namely the scalar spectral index ns and the tensor-to scalar ratio r, we confront the predictions of the model with the current PLANCK and BICEP/Keck data.


We investigated whether men's faces contain embedded cues that signal differences in individual fitness. Data on shoulder-to-hip ratios (SHR), grip strength, sexual history, and facial photographs were collected from male college students. Female college students rated the photographs for attractiveness We found a striking relationship between ratings of facial attractiveness and body morphology. Males with attractive faces had significantly more masculine, wedge-shaped SHRs. Ratings of facial attractiveness accounted for over 25% of the variance in this sexually dimorphic dimension of male body configuration. Male students with attractive faces also had higher grip strength scores, and more sexual partners. These findings are consistent with a growing body of evidence showing that facial features contain important cues to fitness and hormonal status.


This study investigated how different fertilizer regimes with a long-term repeated N application experiment affected on the soil Greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in a Gray Luvisolic from central Alberta, Canada. The results showed fertilizer regimes significantly influenced on GHGs emissions. The higher emissions of N2O and CH4 induced by NPKS soils were due to the superior utilization rate of mineral N and organic N. The CO2 emission rates indicated that soil organic carbon (SOC) was upper after Manure application than that after NPKS and Lime applications. The lowest Global Warming Potential (GWP) and highest pH of Lime soils suggested that liming application cause a significant decrease of GHGs by changing soil properties, such as pH. As for CH4 emissions during the incubation period, NPKS soil acted as sources, whereas the Lime and Manure soils acted as CH4 sinks. In addition, the fertilization history with higher SOC stocks in the Manure soils did not affect higher N2O emissions. In conclusion, this research showed liming application could be a better policy for improving soil properties in the acid Gray Luvisol from central Alberta, but liming may result in lower emissions of N2O and CO2 than the treatment of mineral fertilizer or farmyard manure.


The effect of ethyl acetate extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma were investigated in rat to evaluate the analgesic activity. Acetic acid induced writhing model and hot plate methods were employed to test analgesic activity. The results indicate that the ethyl acetate extract produced significant analgesic activity with respect to control.


Editor's Note—This analysis of the antitrust developments in professional football was originally framed in mid-October, approximately one month after the McNeil decision. At that time, Paul Staudohar ventured some educated guesses about what would eventually happen because of the case. In the midst of this issuegoing to press, it became increasingly likely that the NFL owners and players would reach some agreement. That agreement came on January 6, 1993. The next day, Staudohar updated the manuscript with a "Post-Agreement Comment." The original manuscript was edited to reflect an awareness that the agreement had been reached, but the original manuscript was left largely intact to give readers a flavor of Staudohar's initial thinking as well as a deeper appreciation of the events leading to the agreement. The editor takes full responsibility for any clumsiness that has resulted from updating the manuscript in this way.


The present invention concerns a diblock copolymer, a process for preparing the copolymer and methods of using the nano-pattern forming copolymer, the diblock copolymer may contribute to the formation of nano-pattern finer, and may be used manufacture of electronic devices and the like, or biosensors comprising nano-pattern. The diblock copolymer comprises: a hard segment comprising at least one repeating unit of the particular acrylamide; and a soft segment, comprising at least one (meth) acrylate repeating units.


Objective To assess a three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetric method for area delimitation and evaluation of the dental arches of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Obtained data were also used to assess the 3D changes occurring in the maxillary arch with the use of orthopedic therapy prior to rhinocheiloplasty and before the first year of life. Design Within the collaboration between the Università degli Studi di Milano (Italy) and the University CES of Medellin (Colombia), 96 palatal cast models obtained from neonatal patients with UCLP were analyzed using a 3D stereophotogrammetric imaging system. Main Outcome Measures The area of the minor and greater cleft segments on the digital dental cast surface were delineated by the visualization tool of the stereophotogrammetric software and then examined. "Trueness" of the measurements, as well as systematic and random errors between operators' tracings ("precision") were calculated. Results The method gave area measurements close to true values (errors lower than 2%), without systematic measurement errors for tracings by both interoperators and intraoperators (P > .05). Statistically significant differences (P < .05) were noted for alveolar segment and time. Conclusions Maxillary segments have the potential for growth during presurgical orthopedic treatment in the early neonatal period. The cleft segment delimitation on digital dental casts and area measurements by the 3D stereophotogrammetric system revealed an accurate (true and precise) method for evaluating the stone casts of newborn patients with UCLP.


In recent years, the use of conformal transformation techniques has become widespread in the literature on gravitational theories alternative to general relativity, on cosmology, and on nonminimally coupled scalar fields. Typically, the transformation to the Einstein frame is generated by a fundamental scalar field already present in the theory. In this context, the problem of which conformal frame is the physical one has to be dealt with and, in the general case, it has been clarified only recently; the formulation of a theory in the ``new'' conformal frame leads to departures from canonical Einstein gravity. In this article, we review the literature on conformal transformations in classical gravitational theories and in cosmology, seen both as purely mathematical tools and as maps with physically relevant aspects. It appears particularly urgent to refer the analysis of experimental tests of Brans-Dicke and scalar-tensor theories of gravity, as well as the predictions of cosmological inflationary scenarios, to the physical conformal frame, in order to have a meaningful comparison with the observations.


A thesis submitted to The Department of Mathematics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science And Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree Of Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematical Statistics, 2015


Kiswahili is the medium of instruction in Tanzania for 7 years of primary education and thereafter, English takes over at secondary and tertiary levels. However, there has been a debate about the efficacy of English in Tanzania's education system with some researchers recommending a switch to Kiswahili as a way to ameliorate the situation. By contrast, this paper examines the problems presented by the unharmonised and unstandardised scientific terminology used by different textbook writers in Tanzania. The paper concludes by offering some solutions to the problems. More importantly, since Kiswahili is a cross-border language, it is also concluded that Kiswahili harmonisation and standardisation, as well as language planning, should better be conceived as status and corpus planning of Kiswahili across borders.


Teaching music is an awesome task, made more difficult in a large urban setting. Lack of adequate instruction time, shortage of equipment, inadequate facilities, administrative apathy, no operating budget, and poor scheduling are among the most crucial problems. These problems, if allowed to continue, eventually lead to the demise of the total music program. Most large urban school systems are structured around a cluster of elementary schools feeding into secondary schools according to attendance boundaries. Each cluster or region is organized into constellations that include paired high schools, their feeder junior highs, and the elementary schools feeding the junior highs. A typical high school constellation could consist of one high school, two to three junior high schools, and six to ten elementary schools. Within the constellation and throughout it, the success of the total music curriculum depends on quality instruction at each level.


PURPOSE: To provide a tennis racket frame and its manufacturing method, by designing it not to produce any porous portion at its bridging part and thereby not to caused any break at this portion. CONSTITUTION: This is a tennis racket frame which is constituted of a wall surface material reinforced by a composite yarn of thermoplastic resin fibers and carbon fibers and has a hollow circular cylinder of a bow type with an edge part arranged so as to constitute a grip. This racket frame has a characteristic that a bridging part 3 between both legs 2 of the grip 1 has a hollow circular cylinder of a composite yarn of thermoplastic resin fibers and carbon fibers filled up with a foaming material of a synthetic thermoplastic resin having a density of 20 to 400g/l. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Anxiety attaches to intellectuals engaged in social movement work because who they are and what they do set off alarms. Yet the scholarly critiques of neoliberal dogma and the injunctions to reconsider cultural strategies, which Jamie Morgan, Nam-hee Lee, and Andrea Louie raised in positions 11:3, force the question of who, supposedly, is to do these tasks and how they ought to do them. How do activist intellectuals work? Are academic researchers responsible for hands-on political work? Does the internationalist work of an engaged intellectual address our immediate crisis? What relationship is there between preemptive war and struggles to build alternative social institutions under conditions of market-inspired poverty? What is the timetable? Why struggle for democratic popular counterinstitutions even as the Bush administration's illegal war against Iraq rages on? Wang Hui's lavish critique of the 1989 social movement's origins, strategies, andblindspots carriesover into this issueourprior focusonretrospective


Global patterns of organisms have long been investigated by calculating the (dis)similarity among geographical units followed by multivariate analysis. Beta-diversity-related structural characteristics of world-scale data, such as nestedness or species replacement may also be considered as an additional tool in revealing distributional patterns more accurately. To achieve this objective, our study combines cluster analysis and ordination based on Jaccard and Simpson dissimilarity with the decomposition of beta diversity into meaningful fractions. As a model group, the oribatid mite fauna of the seven biogeographic realms was analysed at three taxonomic levels, i.e. species, genus and family. The highest overall similarity was obtained between the Palaearctic and Nearctic realms and the lowest richness resulted for the Antarctic realm. The classifications and ordinations usually differed with the two dissimilarity indices. Beta diversity decomposition showed that these discrepancies were caused by different patterns of nestedness and taxon richness. Our study is the first to demonstrate that such a complex approach may disclose several features of biogeographic data not apparent otherwise and therefore may improve our understanding of inter-regional relationships.


interstitial space is called extravasation. Necrosis of cutaneous tissue, subcutaneous soft tissue and deeper seated anatomic structures after extravasation is a common problem which usually requires surgical intervention.1 Large series in the literature demostrates that the incidence of necrosis owing to extravasation has been reported to occur between 0.5%6%. In pediatric patients, this rate was even higher and increased up to 11%.1,2


Every industry has problems in training and developing enough managers capable of keeping pace with changing needs and increasing pressures but few can have had to meet changes so sudden and radical as those which have faced the food distribution industry in the past decade.


The mechanism of the development of acute occlusion of the coronary arteries is subject to considerable discussion. Intramural hemorrhage has been suggested as a cause of acute occlusion by the hematomatous enlargement of atheromata without associated thrombosis. By a systematic study of coronary arteries with a special technic of injection and clearing of the vessels the frequency of this mechanism was determined.


The Islamic law is a clear path for human life, and a guide to his behavior and decisions making in all aspects of his life: like design and planning of the buildings and urban communities., in the past decades many studies revealed the deterioration in the buildings facades that appears in neglecting the Islamic values and principles, which call for lowering the gaze and respecting the neighbors privacy. Currently the design facades do not provide enough privacy for the buildings users and their neighbors; despite the availability of the Islamic legislation, scientific studies, and the solutions and architectural techniques which help the architects to achieve the privacy. This study aims to explain, analyze and discuss the obstacles which prevent the architects in Egypt to achieve the external privacy in the residential buildings facades. Through a questionnaire about the opinions of a number of bachelor architecture students and academic experienced architects; This study revealed that legislate a building law based on the Islamic law and scientific studies for planning and constructing the existing and new urban communities will help the architects to develop their creative abilities to achieve buildings that provide all kinds and levels of the privacy which suited to Islamic communities, and also regulating the formation of the buildings facades such as openings places, shapes and materials will help such openings to do its various functions taking advantage of the scientific and technological development in materials, construction techniques and systems.


The utility model discloses a three-coordinate rapid measurement device for an aircraft engine blade. The device comprises an inductive measuring tool, a three-coordinate measurement control system of a part and a three-coordinate alignment control system of the inductive measuring tool, wherein the inductive measuring tool is used for clamping the part to be measured, monitoring the state of a positioning point in the inductive measuring tool and guaranteeing correct contact of a reference point of the part to be measured and the positioning point of the inductive measuring tool; the three-coordinate alignment control system of the inductive measuring tool is used for aligning the inductive measuring tool and the positioning point on the inductive measuring tool so as to establish a measurement coordinate system of the part to be measured; and according to the measurement coordinate system of the part to be measured, which is established by the three-coordinate alignment control system of the inductive measuring tool, the three-coordinate measurement control system of the part is used for measuring the part to be measured and arranged on the inductive measuring tool. Through the measurement device, the detection efficiency is increased to the greatest extent while the measurement accuracy is guaranteed, and the repeatability and the reproducibility for measurement are high.


On the basis of 47 item of juvenile codes, four dimensions of legal climate are identified to group the 50 states and D.C. and to study the intpact of legal climate on policy output in term of differential adjudication and disposition patterns of juvenile delinquents. Despite extensive controls, no relationship is found between legal climate and patterns of adjudication and disposition. The study questions the effectiveness of juvenile legislation to bring about more desirable policy results and suggests that juvenile codes tend to summarize rather than guide actual practice in juvenile justice.


TOXICITY STUDIES of stilbestrol are of importance because of the many divergent reports in the current medical literature from both clinical and experimental investigators. In a previous report by the present authors (i) stilbestrol was given orallyto rats and histological study of the organs and tissues was performed. This mode of administration is questionable because of variable absorption of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract and because of the rapidity of detoxification in the liver following the absorption of the drug into the portal circulation. In the toxicity studies of stilbestrol we have given the drug in sesame oil subcutaneously, intramuscularly and intraperitoneally to other groups of rats. This mode of administration was not considered satisfactory for chronic toxicity studies because oil cysts were formed at the site of injection in many of the animals. These cysts persisted for longperiods and on removal were found by assay to contain varying proportions of the originally injected s...


A new genus, Alyculus, with the type species A. kurbatovi, new species, is described from Java. The new taxon does not approach any existing genus due to the peculiarities of the morphology of the pronotum, elytra, wing venation, etc., being the first known brachypterous male lycid at the same time.


This paper reports a study of road safety plans, which was commissioned by the Department of Transport (DTp). The consultants were required to examine all available plans, analyse and comment on their content, and identify good practice in the content, style and production of the plans. The study considered: (1) any separate document specifically intended as an authority's road safety plan; (2) any annex to an authority's TPP submission dealing with road safety issues; and (3) any chapter or section within a TPP concerned with road safety issues. To obtain a comprehensive picture of all aspects of road safety plan production, a self-completion questionnaire was sent to all local highway authorities in England and Wales and all local roads authorities in Scotland. The plans were divided into four groups according to geographical location, and an assessment framework was designed to assess and record the salient features of the plans. The paper makes recommendations about good practice in relation to: (1) type of plan; (2) quality and style of production; (3) general content; (4) data; (5) engineering; (6) education, training and publicity; (7) enforcement; (8) coordination; (9) encouragement; (10) monitoring; (11) road safety code of good practice; and (12) other documents. For the covering abstract see IRRD 869053.


This article discusses the visions and possibilities of the application and implementation of unified communi-cation networks platform in the hospitals, and analyses the experiences of the project in Zhongshan Xiaolan hospital. The now generation hospital network system will not only fulfill the function of stable data transporting, routing and exchanging, but also show the advantage in voice, video, storage, security, wireless and etc. The unified communication networks have integrated the data and voice, and would add more application value on medicine.


16. ABSTRACT The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) uses a performance measure for the Capital Outlay Support (COS) program, the ratio between COS and capital outlay costs. Caltrans was looking for an independent study of this ratio. The results of the research showed that the productivity could be equated to the hours of labor that were inputted for capital outlay projects. Productivity could also be measured from the conception stage when projects are nested within programs within Caltrans districts, which would provide accountability for project development. Meaures of quality should be developed for both labor inputs and outputs. For inputs, quality should be reflected on the workforce labor composition and the outputs should measure the project complexity.


Collectins, collagen-containing Ca2+ dependent C-type lectins and a class of secretory proteins including SP-A, SP-D and MBL, are integral to immunomodulation and innate immune defense. In the present study, we aimed to investigate their placental transcript synthesis, labor associated differential expression and localization at feto-maternal interface, and their functional implication in spontaneous labor. The study involved using feto-maternal interface (placental/decidual tissues) from two groups of healthy pregnant women at term (≥37 weeks of gestation), undergoing either elective C-section with no labor ('NLc' group, n = 5), or normal vaginal delivery with spontaneous labor ('SLv' group, n = 5). The immune function of SP-D, on term placental explants, was analyzed for cytokine profile using multiplexed cytokine array. SP-A, SP-D and MBL transcripts were observed in the term placenta. The 'SLv' group showed significant up-regulation of SP-D (p = 0.001), and down-regulation of SP-A (p = 0.005), transcripts and protein compared to the 'NLc' group. Significant increase in 43 kDa and 50 kDa SP-D forms in placental and decidual tissues was associated with the spontaneous labor (p<0.05). In addition, the MMP-9-cleaved form of SP-D (25 kDa) was significantly higher in the placentae of 'SLv' group compared to the 'NLc' group (p = 0.002). Labor associated cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and MCP-1 showed significant increase (p<0.05) in a dose dependent manner in the placental explants treated with nSP-D and rhSP-D. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that SP-A and SP-D proteins associate with the spontaneous labor and SP-D plausibly contributes to the pro-inflammatory immune milieu of feto-maternal tissues.


We proposed that operations which need a constant pressing force can be performed by a general-purpose robot using a force-controlled end effector. The robot on the whole dose not need to be force-controlled, therefore a position/orientation controlled robot can be used. Drawing a line with a ball-point pen and grinding metal surface using an experimental end effector gave good results. This method can also solve the problem of collision between the object and tool at the beginning of the operation. Control characteristic will be improved if the update period of data transmitted to the programmable controller of AC servomotor is reduced.


Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy that affects the normal production of neutrophils, red blood cells, and platelets. AML blasts and leukemic stem cells, but not normal hematopoietic progenitor cells, show elevated expression of CD123 (IL-3Rα) (Jordon et al Leukemia 2000), providing a potential therapeutic target for AML. CSL362 is an anti-CD123 monoclonal antibody engineered to have high affinity CD16 binding leading to enhanced, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) (Busfield et al Leukemia 2014) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) of CD123-positive AML cells through the activation of natural killer cells and macrophages. A CSL362 variant, JNJ-56022473, was generated from a new cell line and shows comparable biological activity to CSL362. In this study, we evaluated CD123 receptor expression in various AML cell lines and assessed CSL362 and JNJ-56022473-mediated cytotoxicity in AML cells. CD123 receptor expression was determined in 14 AML cell lines by fluorescence activated cell sorting utilizing three clones of anti-CD123 antibody (7G3, 6H6, and 9F5). CD123 receptors were detected in all cell lines examined, and expression ranged from ~80 to ~16,000 receptors/cell. Using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effector cells and CSL362 (10µg/ml) in an ADCC assay, we found that cell lines with high (~16,000 receptors/cell) to intermediate (~2,500 receptors/cell) CD123 expression were susceptible to CSL362-mediated ADCC (68.5%-32.8% lysis). In the assay conditions used here, the threshold for ADCC activity was ~1,800-2,500 CD123 receptors/cell where 32.8% lysis was observed at threshold compared to 0.9% lysis with control (no CSL362 antibody). The level of CD123 expression correlated with CSL362-mediated ADCC activity. CSL362 also induced ADCP of MV4-11 cells at 0.1 and 1.0µg/ml compared to PBS control (3.8 and 2.6 fold, respectively). JNJ-56022473 induced ADCP of MV4-11 (3.0 and 2.2 fold, respectively) and KG-1 (1.8 and 1.7 fold, respectively) cells when tested at 0.1 and 1.0µg/ml, but not at 10µg/ml compared to PBS control. In TF-1 cells, no ADCP activity was observed with either CSL362 or JNJ-56022473. The greater ADCP activity observed in MV4-1 (~9,700 receptors/cell) and KG-1 (~4,800 receptors/cells) cells correlated with higher levels of CD123 expression compared to TF-1 cells (~2,500 receptors/cell). To determine if CSL362 and JNJ-56022473 could elicit complement-mediated lysis, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assays were performed in three AML cell lines. CSL362 and JNJ-56022473 (0.1-10µg/ml) failed to mediate CDC in OCl-AML5 (~16,000 receptors/cell), MV4-11 (~9,700 receptors/cell), and KG-1 (~4,800 receptors/cell) cells. In summary, CD123 receptors were expressed in all 14 AML cells lines examined, with expression levels ranging from ~80 to ~16,000 receptors/cell. The level of CD123 expression correlated with CSL362-induced ADCC activity; higher expression levels exhibited greater ADCC activity. Both CSL362 and JNJ-56022473-mediated ADCP were significantly enhanced at 0.1 and 1.0µg/ml compared to control. Both antibodies failed to elicit a CDC response. Disclosures Syed:Janssen Research & Development at Johnson & Johnson: Employment. Pietsch:Janssen Research & Development at Johnson & Johnson: Employment. Axel:Janssen: Employment. Forslund:Janssen Research & Development at Johnson & Johnson: Employment. Sasser:Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Salvati:Janssen Research & Development at Johnson & Johnson: Employment.


The basic laws of the macroscopic localization of plastic deformation in metals and alloys tension are considered. It is shown that the macrolocalization effect is common to all metals and alloys as in the monoas polycrystalline states and is appeared at all stages of plastic flow, regardless of the crystal lattice and the deformation mechanism (dislocation slipping, twinning). The wave nature of strain localization is satisfied. Characteristics of the waves of localized deformation such as propagation speed, wavelength and dispersion are discussed.


We aim to discuss in this paper the possible interrelationship between the social practice of literary reading and its didactic reception in Portuguese language classes for speakers of other languages. Based on Bakhtin's theoretical postulates (2003), as regards verbal interaction, and Krashen (1982), as regards the acquisition and learning of a foreign language, including its affective component, our objective is to present the reflections involving the concept of dialogism, present in literary reading, and its cognitive potential in the development of reading and writing for exchange students at Sao Paulo University. For this purpose, students' favorite genres and their prior knowledge of Brazilian literary works and authors were examined in order to discuss the contributions of literary texts in the acquisition-learning of Portuguese as Foreign Language (PFOL).


In this paper, we propose a new method to tackle of two famous boundary layer equations in fluid mechanics, namely, the Falkner-Skan and the Blasius equations. We can employ this method to find unknown initial conditions. The pivotal point is based on the erection of a one-step Lie group element G(T ) and the formation of a generalized mid-point Lie group element G(r). Then, by imposing G(T ) = G(r) we can seek the missing initial conditions through a minimum discrepancy from the target in terms of a weighting factor r ∈ (0,1). Numerical examples are worked out to persuade that this novel approach has good efficiency and accuracy with a fast convergence speed by searching r with the minimum norm to fit two targets. Keyword: One-step group preserving scheme, Falkner-Skan equation, Blasius equation, Boundary value problem, Liegroup shooting method, Estimation of missing initial condition.


This article examines the relationship between fair value accounting and ambivalences of the modern finance. The subprime crisis has opened the debate. Much empirical work at the micro level has developed to study the financial and economic impacts of this tool. The accelerator and amplificatory effect of this tool and its role and the cyclical transmission of contagion, remain ambiguous. In this regard, two points of view have proved controversial. We identify its shortcomings by a macro dynamic model for the purpose of stimulating financial stability. The interest rate is set by banks according to a weighting that varies with capacity utilization and capital accumulation. System stability is studied according to the Minsky's regime which recognizes the role of interest rates as a source of crisis.


The DOP Leadership Development Programme 2013/2014 cohort was divided into two groups, each tasked with delivering on a project. This short article details one of those projects, the construction of an interactive and current DOP volunteer induction manual. The project lasted for the duration of the LDP and was commissioned by the DOP Executive.


One of the most enduringly difficult aspects for courts has been dealing with potentially dangerous individuals who are seeking to safeguard their civil liberties. When speaking about dangerous individuals, we also include those who are likely to be a danger to themselves. At what point is someone deemed dangerous enough to others or him/herself to warrant some form of civil commitment in order to protect society? Those favouring civil liberties will find themselves opposed to the curtailing of individuals' rights, even before a court of law, when those individuals have ostensibly committed a criminal act of considerable severity. Those who would seek to protect others, i.e. society, from dangerous individuals are likely to be somewhat opposed to civil liberties for such individuals. They will, on the whole, favour society. In the USA, it was found that, politically, Liberals and Democrats were far more tolerant towards the individual than their Conservative or Republican counterparts (Guth & Green, 1991). In contrast Duckitt & Farre (1994) found that the right-wing authoritarians in South Africa tended to be more punitive and intolerant towards individuals who threatened the White government, which they regarded as equal to society as a whole. Those favouring civil liberties for an individual will, on the whole, be opposed to the arrest and 'preventive detention' type of approach. One might say, they err on the side of liberty and freedom for the individual, and possibly at the expense of society or the safeguarding of other individuals. On the other hand, the police, who are primarily responsible for putting forward the need for 'preventive detention', for example, now increasingly err on the side of protecting society, i.e. other individuals, from the possible danger posed by another person (Meyer et al., 1988). They often consider mental illness as a case for favouring involuntary commitment (Lafond & Durham, 1992). The legal professions, and certainly psychological experts, are frequently involved in assessing clients for the courts. Psychologists are often requested to judge whether the individual is compos mentis and capable of pleading in a court of law. It is also important to ascertain whether rights under civil liberties have been upheld or not.


Based on extensive empirical fieldworks conducted in Belgian and French family justice courtrooms in order to explain how culture and ethnicity are processed and understood in the daily reasoning and assumptions of legal professionals, this chapter analyzes different forms in which culture and ethnicity are framed in family law cases. Understanding how and along which dimensions these elements do vary in judicial reasoning constitutes the preliminary but necessary step before assessing the need of cultural expertise as such. In this attempt, we shed light on a scope of variations between complex and non-deterministic models of culture – consistent with contemporary anthropology literature – and more simplistic ones, in which culture and identity are conceived as fixed realities. Throughout this path between norms, facts, and stereotypes, we illustrate not only the multiplicity and complexity of forms which cultural elements can take in the exercise of family justice, but also the risks that some significances may carry with them and the urgent need to improve more fluid and dispassionate conceptions of cultural diversity before developing "cultural expertise" as such, an expertise that could otherwise reinforce stereotypical and fixed views of "cultures."


In this work , series of various compounds [1-11] were synthesized from anil – arabinose compound ,which contain two imine –groups can be react as starting material with other compounds (sodium azide ,chloro acetyl chloride , azo compound , thiol ,primary and secondary amine , maleic anhydride ) to give cyclic and substituted cyclic compounds like (azitidine , formazane , diazepine , thiazine , diazane and sulfide ) . A detailed discussion of the structural elucidation of newly synthesized compounds [1-11] was confirmed by (melting points , elemental analysis C.H.N , FT.IR , H.NMR )–spectra , and antimicrobial study on the Gram –positive and Gram –


Background: The purpose of this study was to examine if there is a difference in honeybee mortality between bees that are used for pollination or come into contact with commercial fruit plantations on the one hand, and bees that never forage on commercial fruit plantations at the other hand. Therefore we conducted a survey amongst Flemish beekeepers. Results: The majority of surveyed beekeepers (>60%) indicated that their bees come into contact with commercially grown fruit. However, no significant differences in colony losses between different beekeeper groups with a different 'fruit contact status' were obtained. Different contact distances to commercially grown fruit, or differences between beekeepers who had or who had not delivered pollination services were not found to be significant factors in predicting colony loss rates. Also specific foraging history on apple (in which a preflowering treatment with the neonicotinoid imidacloprid was allowed and common practice in Flemish pome fruit growing at the timing of this survey) did not significantly correlate with higher colony losses. On the other hand, for several other factors including presence of Varroa and Nosema, significant correlations with colony losses were found. Conclusions: Based on the data of this survey study no detrimental effects of commercially fruit production and its current crop protection schedules on fruit crop foraging/pollinating honeybees could be identified. Keywords: honeybee, survey, mortality, fruit, pollination, foraging


SUMMARY

The factors involved in the design and structure of a database for Scottish soils are described. Codes were extensively used for data entry, which though restrictive, minimized entry errors, reduced file space and make subsequent statistical analysis easier. The database contains records of soil profile descriptions, systematic chemical and physical analyses for all profiles sampled, as well as mineralogical and spectrochemical trace element analyses for a limited number of selected soils. Query and report writer facilities are described and were used for the production of reports, tables and maps.


IC 1459 is an early-type galaxy (ETG) with a rapidly counter-rotating stellar core, and is the central galaxy in a gas-rich group of spirals. In this work, we investigate the abundant ionized gas in IC 1459 and present new stellar orbital models to connect its complex array of observed properties and build a more complete picture of its evolution. Using the MultiUnit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE), the optical integral field unit (IFU) on the Very Large Telescope (VLT), we examine the gas and stellar properties of IC 1459 to decipher the origin and powering mechanism of the galaxy's ionized gas. We detect ionized gas in a non-disk-like structure rotating in the opposite sense to the central stars. Using emission-line flux ratios and velocity dispersion from full-spectral fitting, we find two kinematically distinct regions of shocked emission-line gas in IC 1459, which we distinguished using narrow (σ ≤ 155 km s−1) and broad (σ > 155 km s−1) profiles. Our results imply that the emission-line gas in IC 1459 has a different origin than that of its counter-rotating stellar component. We propose that the ionized gas is from late-stage accretion of gas from the group environment, which occurred long after the formation of the central stellar component. We find that shock heating and AGN activity are both ionizing mechanisms in IC 1459 but that the dominant excitation mechanism is by post-asymptotic giant branch stars from its old stellar population.


Abstract The density of northern pike Esox lucius was estimated using mark–recapture techniques and compared with measures of growth and population size structure among 12 north-central Minnesota lakes. The relationships between density and either proportional stock density (PSD, a length-frequency index) or mean back-calculated length were negative and nonlinear. Regression of loge density and PSD explained 63% of the variation in PSD, and regressions of loge density and mean back-calculated length by sex for ages 2–5 explained 47% to 67% of the variation in growth rates among lakes. The relationships remained consistent when data from 17 northern Wisconsin lakes were pooled with those from the 12 Minnesota lakes (although the R 2 was reduced). The fastest growth rates and highest PSDs were observed at northern pike densities of less than 12–14 fish/ha. Inclusion of variables related to the productivity of the lakes only marginally improved the predictive capabilities of the relationship between loge den...


Extended tracheal resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is rarely described in patients with tracheal cancer. Controversies still exist among surgeons about the length of tracheal resectability and possible harmful anastomotic complications. Different vascularized tissue flaps can be used to protect the anastomotic suture line. We reported a 67-year-old patient with middle tracheal squamous cell carcinoma treated by induction chemotherapy followed by a successful extended tracheal resection. The anastomosis was covered by a reversed thymic fat pad flap to prevent the erosion of adjacent brachiocephalic vessels. Postoperative concurrent chemoradiation did not threaten the integrity of the suture line. Careful tracheal dissection and accurate release manoeuvres are mandatory to achieve a tension-limited anastomosis. Extended tracheal resection may be safely performed after induction chemotherapy, with excellent long-term outcomes. A thymic fat flap seems to be beneficial to suture-line healing.


Over the last decade, the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line structures have received great interest in the microwave community due to their unique physical characteristics that have been exploited for a number of applications, mostly for antennas and passive components. CRLH structures can also be applied to active circuits. This paper reviews some of the examples of active circuit applications of the CRLH structures.


Two methods of analysis of the voltage induced on an overhead line by a lightning stroke to a nearby ground have been widely used. These analyses are based on modelling lightning return stroke as well as on coupling the electromagnetic fields of the stroke channel to the line. The return-stroke models and models of the coupling mechanisms of these two methods are reviewed.


Abstract During ion assisted physical vapour deposition on sharp edges and corners, interaction between the plasma and the samples can lead to significant changes in the morphological and compositional properties of the coatings in the edge region. These edge related effects were studied on wedge shaped samples coated with TiAlN/VN coating in an industrial deposition process using low energy high flux Ar+ ion irradiation (Ji/Jme~4, Ei = 75 - 150 eV). The magnitude and spatial extent of edge related changes are directly related to the characteristics of the plasma sheath around the edges. The influence of the edge geometry and the deposition conditions (substrate bias) is examined, as well as the implication for the coating of cutting tools.


A study has been undertaken to determine the effect of ion‐implanted fluorine on the properties of SiO2 for use as a gate dielectric in MOS devices. C‐V measurements and bias‐temperature stressing showed that mobile‐ion drift can be compensated for by the implanted ions. Further tests showed that it is the implant damage and not the ion itself which was responsible for the compensation. uv excitation of the samples was used in an attempt to identify the nature of the compensation effect, but the results are not definitive.


The discrete element method can be used for modeling moving granular media in which heat and mass transport takes place. In this paper the concept of discrete element modeling with special emphasis on applicable force laws is introduced and the necessary equations for heat transport within particle assemblies are derived. Possible flow regimes in moving granular media are discussed. The developed discrete element model is applied to a new staged reforming process for biomass and waste utilization which employs a solid heat carrier. Results are presented for the flow regime and heat transport in substantial vessels of the process.


To the Editor,

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening genetic disease in whites. It principally affects the lungs, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract [1]. Advances in the treatment have improved the life expectancy of people with CF [2]. The increased longevity of adults with CF is accompanied by a rising prevalence of secondary complications including pain [3], which can be associated with the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and the disease itself [4].

A recent study [5] found that 82% of patients reported pain within the past month, the most common sites being the head, sinuses, back, and chest. Pain frequently interfered with general activities (41.9%), mood (56.8%), and work (47.3%). Symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as lower quality-of-life scores, were associated …


1. Gregory Brown
 1. is a professor of finance and research director at the UNC Institute for Private Capital. (gregwbrown{at}unc.edu)

Over the last 25 years, the global investment landscape has experienced a fundamental shift. As any reader of The Journal of Alternative Investments knows,


Further phytochemical investigations on the root barks of Artocarpus petelotiiGagnep afforded four novel isoprenylated 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives, namely artopetelins D–G (1–4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly by 2D-NMR techniques. The biogenetic origins of artopetelins F and G (3 and 4) were also postulated.


For dam behavior is affected by many uncertain factors,the monitor data shows the characteristics of random and uncertainty.Therefore,single safety monitoring forecasting models will inevitably has some shortcomings.In this paper,the maximum entropy principle is used to establish a combination forecasting model of dam safety monitoring.Taking prediction results of each single model as binding information,the predicted distribution is gotten by using the maximum entropy principle.Case analysis shows that this method can highlight the random characteristics of monitoring data and effectively improve the prediction accuracy of dam safety monitoring model.


At the moment, the most popular information encoding technique is based on the generation of a particular signature in the spectrum of the backscattered signal. Chipless tags which rely on spectral signature encode data by using resonant structures working as band rejection filters, designed to resonate at defined frequencies. In this paper, a parametric study of different layouts of spiral resonator coupled to a transmission line and band rejection filters on flexible substrate, namely a 100 um thick PET substrate, operating in the 2-4 GHz band is firstly performed with the aim of designing a chipless tag working either as identifier or sensor. The design has been carried out by means of an electromagnetic CAD, and the performance of the proposed structures has been evaluated by the analysis of the respective S-parameters. Then, a proof of concept of a novel passive, wireless and chipless crack sensor has been introduced as practical example.


The influence of community and edaphic variables on tissue nutrient concentration was assessed for 6 species occupying a Scirpus-Equisetum emergent aquatic wetland in southern Quebec, Canada. Potassium and nitrogen (12.0-23.5 mg/g) had by far the highest tissue concentrations followed by Ca > Na > P > Mg. Micronutrient concentrations (Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu) ranged from .003-.532 mg/g. Macronutrients were 1.3-6 times and micronutrients 2-20 times as great as reported in Carex, Fagus, and Quercus dominated ecosystems. Mean tissue concentrations of N, P and K were consistent between species. Variation was ?3 (24%) that observed in Ca, Mg and the micronutrients (74%). All elements except Cu, Na, and Zn had closely similar patterns of interspecies variation. Chelation, ion antagonism and increased solu- bility of micronutrients in flooded soils were possible mechanisms accounting for the unique patterns of Cu, Na, and Zn accumulation. Equisetum fluviatile had the highest level of total nutrients in green tissue. This was over twice that in Phragmites communis which had the lowest level. Moderate tissue nutrient concentrations were observed at both pioneer and mature extremes of a species primary successional gradient. However, compared to the community average, element concentrations were 22.3% higher in pioneer species and 21.9o lower in mature species. Species ordinated by principal components analysis showed wide differences between species. No species occupied a median position in the model. Edaphic parameters were 4 to 5 times more important than community structural attributes in varying tissue element concentrations. Soil potassium concentration was the foremost or second most important parameter in 9 of 12 elements tested by multiple regression. It was concentrated in plant tissue 79-fold over levels measured in the soil. This was 4 times the enrichment noted for phosphorus and 12-34 times the enrichment of other micronutrients. Among soil elements, potassium had the highest correlation with tissue P, K, Ca and Mg concentration. Soil calcium had the highest correlation with tissue nitrogen and the micronutrients Cu, Fe and Mn. The concentration of any soil element, however, never explained more than 64% of the variation in any tissue element.


A 31-year-old woman worked as a courier for the court system; she had increased her walking to multiple kilometers during the day. At work, she wore a dress shoe with a 3 cm heel and climbed at least four flights of stairs and walked three office buildings continuously. Her chief complaint was of pain in her left foot. Her initial treatment by her family physician involved padding for callosity under the head of the fifth metatarsal. When seen by an orthopaedic surgeon, her presenting complaint was diffuse tenderness. She also complained of tenderness and discomfort at the lateral aspect of her foot. She walked with an antalgic gait pattern. Further physical examination revealed that she had localized exquisite tenderness at the base of the first metatarsal. X-ray examination shows the lesion at the base of the first metatarsal (Fig. 1). Her treatment consisted of decreasing the amount of weightbearing activity and placing her into a lower heeled, more rigid shoe. Within several weeks, the symptoms became quiescent. E.L. Burger, M.D. Pretoria, South Africa


DR. HElLEN MURRElLL discussed a case of myositis ossificasi« in a child. She said that the patient was a girl, aged eight years, with a five weeks' history of recurrent diffuse swellings over the upper part of the thorax and the neck. The swellings were at first redematous and firm, later subsiding in area, and forming firm, nodular masses, some of which were of bony hardness. The areas affected were below both scapulee, extending anteriorly on the left, the left sternomastoid, both biceps muscles, the upper left quadrant of the anterior abdominal wall, and the upper part of the right calf. Ossification was present initially in the region of the biceps muscles, and later in all other areas except the anterior abdominal wall, at a period of five months since the onset of disease. The patient was in hospital for 10 days and biochemical investigations gave normal results. Micro~ dactyly of the great toes with associated bilateral hallux valgus deformity, present in 75% of cases according to the literature, was also present in that patient. The child was free of pain, but fixed fiexion deformities of the elbows limitation of shoulder movement, plantar fiexion of the right foot and torticollis persisted and had increased. Muscle biopsy from the right biceps revealed no normal muscle that having been replaced by fibrous tissue. For fou~ months the patient was given prednisolone in a dosage of 40 milligrammes per day. That was ceased for three weeks when an upper respiratory tract ininfection occurred, and the dosage was reduced to 20 milligrammes per day when her blood pressure rose to 140/80 millimetres of mercury. At the time of the meeting she was having 40 milligrammes daily, with "Distaquaine V", 120 milligrammes daily. At the time of the meeting the movements of her upper limbs were limited, but the patient was cheerful and doing correspondence school lessons. •


Singapore is growing increasingly important as a centre for energy trading, with dealers setting up new desks to buy and sell crude and petroleum products. The export-oriented energy economy supports traders servicing Asia and markets further afield. Infrastructure investment and preferential tax rates also support the business case for locating operations in one of the world's most fascinating commercial hubs, writes Giles Broom.


Objective: To study the modulatory effects and mechanism of GABABR on the cognitive function of epileptic rats induced by pilocarpine. Method: The lithium chloride (LiCl)pilocarpine induced epileptic model was established in SD rats, and those rats were randomly divided into GABABR groups (saline group, Baclofen group, CGP group) and Arc groups (Sham operation group, Empty vector group, Virus group). Morris water-maze test and passive avoidance performance test were used to detect the cognition of epileptic rats. The expression of GABABR (GB1, GB2), and Arc/ Arg3.1 in hippocampus of epileptic rats were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting at protein level. In addition, the expression of GABABR (GB1, GB2), and Arc/Arg3.1 was detected by RT-PCR at mRNA level. Results: The results of Morris water-maze test and passive avoidance performance test showed that the learning ability and cognitive performance improved in the rats of CGP group but declined in Baclofen group and Virus group, comparing with the control. The data from immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that the relative expression of Arc/Arg3.1 was significantly increased in CGP group comparing with the other two groups but decreased in Baclofen group and virus group comparing with the other two groups (P<0.05). The relative expression ofGB1 and GB2 was significantly increased comparing with the other two groups but had no significant difference between virus group and the other two groups. Conclusion: GABABR influenced the spatial learning and memory of epileptic rats by regulating Arc/Arg3.1.


PURPOSE: To provide an aqueous polymer dispersed solution having satisfactory adhesive characteristic, by dispersing a copolymer of a specified (meth)acrylate with methyl methacrylate, styrol or acrylonitrile in water. CONSTITUTION: This aqueous dispersed solution contains, in polymerized state, (a) 70-85% of non-tertiary butyl (meth)acrylate, (b) 8-27% of (A) a (meth)acrylate whose homopolymer has a glass transition temperature from the glass transition temperature of polybutyl (meth)acrylate to 0°C and (B) a (meth)acrylate whose homopolymer has a glass transition temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of polybutyl (meth)acrylate, and (C) 0.8-5% of C 3-8 a monoolefinic unsaturated mono- and/or dicarboxylic acid. As the main monomer (a), n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate and/or isobutyl methacrylate are polymerized and contained. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Paleomagnetic data have been used extensively to delineate the terrane displacement and accretion history of western North America. However, some of the paleomagnetic data which could indicate large scale northward translation might be alternatively interpreted as due to tilting of batholiths or compaction of marine sediments. Recently, a paleobarometric study of the late Cretaceous Peninsular Batholith and a laboratory compaction study of marine sedimentary rocks from the Late Cretaceous Pigeon Point Formation show that the significant inclination shallowing observed in these rocks may not be all due to paleolatitudinal offset. In order to refme the displacement history of the southern and Baja California composite terrane, a detailed rockand paleomagnetic study of the Ladd and Williams Formations from Silverado Canyon, Orange County, CA and the Point Lorna Fm. from Point Lorna, San Diego County, CA was conducted. Previous paleomagnetic studies have shown magnetostratigraphy in those late Cretaceous sections and their characteristic remanent magnetizations (ChRMs) are most probably primary. The study followed Jackson et al.'s (1991) approach to correct the site mean directions of the Ladd Fm. from Dec=342°,Inc=46° (~5=8 0) in stratigraphic coordinates to Dec=324°, Inc=58° (~5=4°), and the inclination data of Point Lorna Fm. from 39.5°±5.4° and -36.4° ± 16.6° to 56.00 ±5.1° and -53.00 ±16.T, respectively. The corrected inclination data suggest that the Baja Borderland terrane has been part of the western North America since Late Cretaceous. There was no significant latitudinal offset with respect to North American craton, while the Silverado Canyon area may have experienced significant countclockwise vertical axis rotation. This study also suggests that rock magnetic fabric (AAR) experiment should be made as a routine technique in paleomagnetic studies. For tectonic purposes, in the case of a strong AAR fabric, the remanent magnetization should be corrected.


In the wood engraving industry, the double swing motor spindle or the double rotation motor spindle is often used as the spindle of five-axis wood engraving machine to achieve three-dimensional sculpture. However, the rough and motor spindle may interfere with each other during machining. Hence, many small regions of rough cannot be machined. To solve this problem, an anthropomorphic double-swing-head mechanism is designed. Instead of motor spindle, the designed mechanism is used as spindle of five-axis wood engraving machine. The level of automation and machining scope of the machine are improved. The workload of subsequent artificial modification is reduced. Then, the machining efficiency and quality of wood products are enhanced, and their production costs are reduced.


The dynamic public nance literature underwent signi cant changes over the last decade. This research agenda now reached a stage when it is able to analyze the design of social insurance programs and optimal taxation in rich environments that can be closely matched to microeconomic data. We overview the recent advances in this literature, discuss the key trade-o s, and explain how the prescriptions for the optimal policy depend on the speci c parameters that can be estimated in the data. We also describe the relationship between the dynamic mechanism design approach to optimal taxation and the approach that considers sophisticated tax functions chosen within parametrically restricted classes.


Many optimization techniques have been used to solve redundancy allocation problems, most of which result in noninteger solutions. A few, including dynamic programming and integer programming, as well as a host of heuristic methods give integer solutions. This note critically reviews six promising heuristic approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the approaches are discussed. An extended approach is presented which incorporates some of the ideas of the previous methods for solving a general non series-parallel system. The extended approach appears to be quite efficient and is general. The simplicity and efficiency of the approach will lend itself to solving large practical problems.


. We provide a series of examples of finite groups G and mod p representations V of G whose stable endomorphisms are all given by scalars such that the universal deformation ring R ( G,V ) of V is large in the sense that R ( G,V ) /pR ( G,V ) is isomorphic to a power series algebra in one variable.


dilution of the concentrated brine with water brines of different concentrations. Of salt high microbiological for products with extended shelf life, the brine sterilized for 30 minutes at 120 °C, or boiled for 1.5 hours. Sodium nitrite, sugar is pre-dissolved in small amounts of brine or boiled water and added into the brine. The choice and justification of the necessary and sufficient amount of formulation components in the brine for meat salting, which can have an intentional impact on changes in the functional and technological properties of camel meat during processing, were based on the comprehensive study of the functional and technological properties of the raw materials in determination of the optimal brine composition and stabilization of structural and mechanical, physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of pilot of smoked-boiled camel firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract The purpose of this study is a theoretical rationale and practical implementation of the technology of the production of national meat products with increased food and biological value based on a differentiated use of camel meat cuts. To achieve this aim the following tasks were specified: to investigate the effects of herbal additives to the brine and vegetable-protein compositions on the structural, mechanical and consumer properties of camel meat and finished products, to investigate the effects of a multicomponent brine on the biochemical, diffusion and osmotic processes during camel meat salting; to justify an optimal composition of a multicomponent brine for camel meat salting and the amount of brine to be injected into the meat. During the study, scientific concepts, principles and integrated approaches to the development of food products with specified properties were used based on standard and special methods for data collection and analysis, as well as systematization of the results. To carry out a comprehensive assessment of the quality of raw materials and finished products, conventional, standard and special methods for organoleptic and physicochemical parameters, nutritional value and safety, were used. The results of the study showed that the use of herbal additives to the composition of the injected brine was aimed at an increase of the cohesion-adhesion processes in the meat


Automatic routine execution (REx) testing of telecommunications switching equipment is often performed to improve system reliability, and to check the operational status of communications equipment. For duplex equipment REx testing, at a minimum, periodically checks the inactive unit for problems. If problems are found, then repairs can be made before service is impacted. In addition to this clear benefit, there are also costs associated with testing. Equipment that is being extensively tested may not be in-service, and the testing itself can lead to two types of incorrect conclusions, conclusions that lead to either unnecessary repairs, or to a dangerous misperception that the equipment is working properly. The first type of incorrect conclusion is a false positive. The second is a false negative. Since there are both costs and benefits associated with REx testing, it is natural to conclude that REx tests should be run neither too frequently nor too infrequently. In this paper we develop a detailed reliability model of a generic duplex peripheral module. The term generic is used, since the intent is to provide a useful methodology with some results that are independent of specific equipment, provided by various manufacturers. The model shows that picking the correct REx testing frequency results in significant savings in downtime. The impact on system outages as a function of REx testing frequency is shown for a number of cases.


The Advanced Test Reactor (ATR), currently operating in the United States, is used for material testing at very high neutron fluxes. Powered with highly enriched uranium (HEU), the ATR has a maximum thermal power rating of 250 MWth. Because of the large test volumes located in high flux areas, the ATR is an ideal candidate for assessing the feasibility of converting HEU driven reactor cores to low-enriched uranium (LEU) cores. The present work investigates the optimized LEU Monolithic and Dispersed fuel with 10B loading minimization design and evaluates the subsequent neutronics operating effects of these optimized fuel designs. The MCNP ATR 1/8th core model was used to optimize the 235U and minimize the 10B loading in the LEU core, such that the differences in K-eff and heat flux profiles between the HEU and LEU cores were minimized. The fuel depletion methodology MCWO was used to calculate K eff versus effective full power days (EFPD) in this paper. The MCWO-calculated results for the optimized LEU Monolithic and Dispersed fuel cases demonstrated adequate excess reactivity such that the K-eff versus EFPD plot is similar to the ATR reference HEU case study. Each HEU fuel element contains 19 fuel plates with a fuelmore » meat thickness of 0.508 mm (20 mil). In this work, the proposed LEU Monolithic (U-10Mo) core conversion case with nominal fuel meat thickness of 0.330 mm (13 mil) and 235U enrichment of 19.7 wt% is used to optimize the radial heat flux profile by varying the fuel meat thickness. The proposed LEU fuel meat varies from 0.203 mm (8.0 mil) to 0.254 mm (10.0 mil) at the inner four fuel plates (1-4) and outer four fuel plates (16-19). In addition, an optimized LEU dispersed (U7Mo) case with all the fuel meat thickness of 0.635 mm (25 mil) was also proposed. Then, for both Monolithic and dispersed cases, a burnable absorber – 10B, was added in the inner and outer plates to reduce the initial excess reactivity, and the higher to average ratio of the inner/outer heat flux more effectively. The final minimized 10B loading for LEU case studies will have 0.635 g in the LEU fuel meat at the inner 2 fuel plates (1-2) and outer 2 fuel plates (18-19), which can achieve peak to average ratios similar to those for the ATR reference HEU case study. The investigation of this paper shows the optimized LEU Monolithic (U-10Mo) and Dispersed (U7Mo) cases can all meet the LEU conversion objectives.« less


The invention relates to a preparation method of a pancreas islet culture scaffold based on glycosaminoglycan bionic extracellular matrix hydrogel. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving glycosaminoglycan bionic extracellular matrix hydrogel in an acid buffer solution to obtain a 10-50% of solution by mass; removing oxygen in the solution; sequentially adding 1-(3-dimethylamino propyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide into the solution; removing oxygen and activating for 15-45 minutes; dissolving dobby polyoxyethylene amine and/or dobby polyethylene glycol amine in water and removing oxygen, and adding into the solution; reacting for 30-120 minutes at room temperature; adding a fluorescent staining reagent into the solution, and reacting for 25-35 minutes away from light; and performing freeze drying of the solution to obtain a pancreas islet culture scaffold. The method provided by the invention is simple to operate and easy to implement, requires mild reaction conditions and is suitable for industrial or clinical application.


The invention provides a dog-bone type coupled shear wall with end plates, bolts and steel coupling beams. Steel structures are embedded in concrete shear walls, the steel coupling beams are connected with steel columns of the embedded steel frames by the end plates and the bolts, sections, which are close to ends of edges of the shear walls, of the steel coupling beams are locally reduced, and a 'dog-bone type' structure is formed. The dog-bone type coupled shear wall aims to realize connection among the steel coupling beams and the shear walls, anti-seismic and energy dissipation performances of the steel coupling beams are improved, the steel frames are embedded in the shear walls, the steel coupling beams are connected with the columns of the steel frames by the end plates and the bolts, the sections of the ends of the steel coupling beams are reduced with local ranges, and the 'dog-bone type' structure is formed. Accordingly, the steel coupling beams and the concrete shear walls are connected effectively, construction is carried out simply and conveniently, design and analysis are simple, the energy dissipation and anti-seismic performances of the steel coupling beams are strengthened, and an anti-seismic performance of a coupled shear wall system is enhanced.


The invention provides a GMP compatible method to chemically synthesize proteins which may be advantageously used in compositions for vaccination that are free of biological contaminants. The method uses conventional synthesis of peptides and linking these to yield synthetic proteins that preferably comprise all T cell epitopes for an antigen. Preferably an adjuvant is covalently attached to a synthetic protein to yield a fully synthetic vaccine. The invention is illustrated mainly by using HPV proteins directed immunity as a model.


A procedure for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthracene and phenanthrene in diesel particulates by means of collisionally activated decomposition mass spectrometry, without any previous extraction, is described. While the absolute amount of these two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been obtained by collisional experiments on their molecular species and by using 2,6-diisopropylphenol as internal standard, the molar ratio between anthracene and phenanthrene has been determined with the aid of charge-stripping spectra.


molybdenum and tungsten dichalcogenides, some of which have been predicted to have larger piezoelectric coefficients than MoS2 (ref. 3). Piezoelectricity has been reported in few-layer C3N4 nanosheets7. Future work may involve the study of higher-order electromechanical effects in few-layer materials that have potential to generate curvature in membranes5. The atomically thin nature of these materials also provides avenues to endowing nonpiezoelectric materials with piezoelectric properties through the adsorption of adatoms or molecules that change the local symmetry of the material. Graphene has an inversion centre and is not piezoelectric, but the single-sided adsorption of adatoms has been predicted to provide it with some non-zero elements of the piezoelectric tensor8. Two-dimensional piezoelectric materials could improve the performance of piezoelectrics in existing applications, such as surface acoustic wave devices. These materials may also enable new applications due to their nanoscale nature. For example, it might be possible to achieve integration of electronic and acoustic elements in a single layer. Furthermore, very large tensile strains of more than 20% have been reported in two-dimensional materials, pointing to the potential for applications in flexible electronic devices. In fact, Wang and colleagues suggest that twodimensional piezoelectrics could be used for energy harvesting1. The piezoelectric effect may also play an important role in the function of devices whose operation is not based on piezoelectricity. For example, in GaN/AlN superlattices, which are used to make optoelectronic devices, the interface between the layers can host two-dimensional electron or hole gases that result from piezoelectric effects. Similarly, such effects could also play a role in interfaces between two-dimensional materials. Practical applications for single-layer and few-layer piezoelectrics will be facilitated by the fabrication of larger-area single crystals, which are currently at micrometre length scales. Another challenge may be the precise control of the required layer thickness, which is needed because of the sensitivity of the piezoelectric effect to the number of layers in the material. ❐


To inerease the efficiency of the IVF procedure by improving implantation rate and lowering the risks of multiple gestations are the primary goals of the current assisted reproduction techology(ART).These aims require a much improved gamete/embryo testing and selection procedure.Though the current approaches of microscopy-based morphology evaluation and preimplantation genetic diagnosis(PGD) play an impartant role on it,there is lack of an objective and non-invasive techniques to detect and select gamete/embryo at present.Since its birth in the 1990s,metabonomics has become an important part of systems biology.Its essence is the quantitative measurement of all low molecular weight metabolites in an organism's cells at a specified time under specific environmental conditions.There are not many reports about metabonomics in ART at present,and this article will be illustrate the prospective of metabonomics in ART.


The symposium was organized by Dr. Bonde and his coworkers from the Department of Occupational Medicine of the University of Aarhus and was sponsored by the European Union (EU) within the Biomed II project ``Concerted Action on Occupational Hazards to Male Reproductive Capability,'' the Danish Medical Research Council, and the ICOH Scienti®c Community on ``Reproductive Hazards in the Workplace.'' The excellently organized meeting was attended by some 100 experts from 15 countries. The aim of the symposium was to review current hazards to male and female reproduction and to present recent and ongoing studies on this topic; the symposium also o€ered the opportunity to present the (partly preliminary) results of the EU multicenter study on occupational hazards to male reproductivity. In a satellite symposium, results and strategies of the EU project were discussed in more detail.


Objective: The endothelium of the internal mammary artery (IMA) produces a large amount (65–82µMOL) of nitric oxide (EDNO), which maintains continuous downstream vasodilatation in the recipient coronary vessel. NO's stable metabolite, (nitrite) can be traced in the venous drainage of the IMA recipient coronary tributary. Also, nitric oxide prevents platelet aggregation and smooth muscle cell proliferation in the tunica media, meanwhile IMA itself, seldom shows atherosclerosis. Our aim was to give details of NO metabolite collection methodology and to prove the described antiatherosclerotic effect of NO on the recipient coronary vessel by analysis of recoronarographies carried out in patients presenting de novo angina 5–15 years after initial coronary artery bypass surgery having utilized IMA bypass graft. Method: 1. Nitrite concentration measurement in the venous drainage of the LIMA recipient coronary branch by modified Takafumi Ohta method. 2. Morphological analysis of 100 recoronarographies of patients with IMA to left anterior descending (LAD) branch performed 5–12 years before, to compare quality of LAD to other coronary systems of the same individual. Results: 1.: Nitrite concentration in the described sampling site is significantly higher after LIMA-LAD anastomosis completion compared to prior state (58.6µMOL and 18.2µMOL respectively, p<0.001) 2.: Eighty four out of the 100 LAD showed no downstream atherosclerosis whatsoever, while in the right and circumflex system progressive atherosclerotic deformations could be noted. In 4 patients trivial, primordial atheromas were found distally to IMA-LAD anastomosis. Twelve IMA bypass graft were occluded. Conclusions: The long term patency rate of IMA-LAD bypass graft well may be influenced by the modulation of biochemical milieu provided by the IMA's endothelium produced nitric oxide. EDNO may also diminish arteriosclerotic progress in the IMA recipient coronary branch.


During the Central Committee of the PLA fought in northern Shaanxi, in Jingbian County Creek, Bay godsend, Qingyang has an impressive life fighting the 64 days and nights, which are of great importance in the liberation war and the history of the Chinese revolution. Today, the red has become the most eternal memory in Jingbian, red tourism has not only become a new growth point of Jingbian County to promote tourism development and expansion of social and economic development, it is also an important part of ideological education in patriotism and spiritual civilization. However, the status of development of red tourism in Jingbian County is not optimistic, it still faced with a number of difficulties need to be resolved.


The pass-through of market interest rates to the financial conditions of households and firms is an essential element in the monetary policy transmission mechanism. In this paper, we analyse how this transmission is playing out in the current hiking cycle in the euro area and in Spain, as compared to previous cycles. We find that the pass-through to the interest rates on retail time deposits is slower than in previous hiking cycles in both jurisdictions. Moreover, a slower pass-through is also observed for mortgages in Spain. We then show there is significant heterogeneity in this pass-through across euro area countries, especially for mortgages and retail time deposits. This heterogeneity is driven by both bank and country characteristics. More specifically, in the case of deposits, we find that almost half of the difference between the remuneration of retail time deposits in Spain and the euro area is driven by differences across banking sectors in the need to raise funds through deposits to supply credit.


two vertical panels (5 cm x 5 cm) mounted on wall of the testing box. The initial stimulus of each trial was presented at 20 s intervals on the right hand panel. It was either a cross or a square of 2 s duration and these stimuli were presented in random order. After the initial right hand stimulus there was a delay before the left hand panel was illuminated. The left hand stimulus was also a square or a cross of 2 s duration. The delay between the stimuli was fixed for each session at either 2, 4 or 8 s. The cross and square sequence of each panel and the like or unlike sequence of each trial were both in random order. Each sequence of trials consisted of 25 squares and 25 crosses on each panel. A total of 50 trials was presented in each session and in the event of an error the trial was repeated until a correct response was made. If the stimuli were like (cross followed by a cross or square followed by a square) the animal was required to depress the lever during the 2 s presentation of the left hand stimulus. If the stimuli were unlike (cross followed by a square or square followed by a cross) the animal was required to refrain from pressing the lever. A correct response (go response if like stimuli or no-go response if unlike stimuli) was rewarded by a pellet. The effect of three barbiturates, heptabarbitone (20 and 30 mg/kg), pentobarbitone sodium (10 and 15 mg/kg) and quinalbarbitone sodium (10 and 15 mg/kg) were studied in five male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and were administered by intraperitoneal injection. No differential effects could be shown between the three drugs, nor could the effect of the drugs be related to the delay between stimuli. Both doses of each drug produced highly significant increases in total response time 2 h after administration, but only the higher dose of each barbiturate had an effect at the 6 h interval. Changes in accuracy of matching were not observed after the lower dose of each drug, but at the higher doses there was a reduction in accuracy of matching significant at the 5% level.


Artifi cial pollination using liquid pollen extenders is a labour saving method as well as it also increases the effi ciency of pollination. An attempt was made to develop effective and relatively cheap pollen extenders for spray pollination and also to compare different pollination methods. Different liquid pollen extenders containing basal sucrose solution (BSS) (0.2M sucrose) plus 0.1% agar/0.01% gelrite/0.9% sago powder/1.4% arrowroot powder/1.0% gelatin/0.005% gum Acacia were evaluated for spray pollination. Quantity of pollen used in all these extenders was 0.25 g per 50 mL of extender. Maximum fruit set (89.63%) and A-grade fruits weighing > 80g (10.22%) were recorded in BSS + 1.4% arrowroot powder. Positive correlations were observed between fruit weight x fruit length (r=0.882), fruit weight x fruit diameter (r =0.852) and fruit weight x number of seeds/fruit (r=0.980). Regression equations showing relationships between fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter and number of seeds/fruit were computed and were found to be highly reliable. Spray pollination using automizer was observed to be more than two times effi cient as compared to hand pollination. The pollination effi ciency would further be improved using pressure sprayers and/or tractor mounted sprayers.


'No trade' theorems have shown that new information will not lead to trade when agents share the same prior beliefs. This paper explores the structure of no trade theorems with heterogeneous prior beliefs. It is shown how different notions of efficiency under asymmetric information--ex ante, interim, ex post--are related to agents' prior beliefs as well as incentive compatible and public versions of those efficiency concepts. These efficiency results are used to characterize necessary and sufficient conditions on agents' beliefs for no trade theorems in different trading environments. Copyright 1994 by The Econometric Society.


In this paper we compared Weibull distributions fitted using the hourly wind speed observations measured by weather stations of the UK Meteorological Office and daily averages measured by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration in the same locations. The measurements collected over 5 years (2009-2013) have been analysed. The shape and scale parameters and the mean wind speed have been compared. Finally, we considered a 3 MW wind turbine with 100m hub height to estimate and compare the long term electricity generation using the two datasets. The results show that, using daily averages, the mean wind speed values do not significantly vary. However, its standard deviation varies substantially, which is due to the smoothing of extreme wind measurements in the daily average dataset. When performing the long term estimate of the full-load hours and the electricity generation, the results show that error margins are low when using daily averages.


Jaggery filter cake (JFC) is a good unconventional source of energy as well as minerals. An experiment was conducted using 30 Large White Yorkshire piglets (3 ½ month old), randomly divided and maintained on 5 dietary treatment groups, viz. group 1, concentrate only; group 2, concentrate +250 g JFC; group 3, concentrate +500 g JFC; group 1V, concentrate +750 g JFC and group V, ad lib. JFC only to observe blood biochemical and mineral profile. Jaggery filter cake supplemention was increased in the ratio of 50: 100: 150 g in group 2, 3, 4 respectively, every fortnight during growing stage and every week during finishing stage. To study the biochemical parameters, blood samples were collected at 0 day, 61st day and 121st day of feeding trail. The plasma glucose concentration of group 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ranged from 87.68 to 93.88 mg/dl. Glucose concentration was increased at the end of finishing stage as compared to growing stage in all the treatments. A significant (P<0.01) difference was found between group 2 and 3 and group 3 and 4. Plasma total protein value did not show any trend in the subsequent growing stage and finishing stage. Plasma A: G ratio ranged from 0.66 to 0.71 which did not differ significantly between different treatment groups. A: G ratio increased in all the treatment groups and control. Thus, supplementation of JFC along with concentrate or sole feeding of JFC did not affect plasma biochemical parameters and did not cause any adverse effect on the mineral profiles.


The CrIII atoms in the title compound show a distorted octahedral coordination with four N atoms of the cyclam ligand in the equatorial plane and two N-coordinated NCS− groups in axial positions. The macrocyclic ligands adopt trans-III configurations. The crystal packing is stabilized by N—H⋯S and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.


This study reported the clinical prenatal diagnosis experience of families affected by methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) evaluated at a single prenatal diagnosis center over 8 years, and the reliability of a biochemical approach for prenatal diagnosis was analyzed.


In The Constancy and Development of the Christology of Theodoret of Cyrrhus Vasilije Vranic offers an assessment of the Christological controversies of the fifth century through the study of select works of Theodoret of Cyrrhus.


As a spokesman for a country, a continent and the developing world, Thabo Mbeki played a crucial role in world politics, but to many people he remained an enigma throughout his presidency. Is this simply because he was a secretive man, or were there complicated political factors at play? Who was the real Mbeki?
 In this book, multiple-award-winning journalist William Mervin Gumede chronicles Mbeki?s spectacular rise to dominate Africa?s oldest liberation movement. He explores the complex position that Mbeki occupied ? following in Nelson Mandela?s footsteps, holding together an alliance with deep ideological differences, and ruling an intensely divided country.
 Revealing the political and personal tensions behind the scenes, Gumede explains how Mbeki sought to mould the ANC into his image through tight control, and exposes the intrigues behind the battle for succession.
 Covering Mbeki?s attempts to modernise the economy and kick-start an African Renaissance, and investigating his controversial stance on issues from AIDS to Zimbabwe, the book offers invaluable insights into the arcane machinations behind political decisions that touch the lives of millions every day.


In hoping to help the government and its departments concerned to implement successfully the policy of rational allocation rights of carbon dioxide emission among the enterprises,this paper has established a multi-objective model for the initial allocation of carbon dioxide emission rights,which can be taken not only as a starting point for building a fair carbon-trading market,but also the most controversial and central issue in emissions of the trading process. Taking into comprehensive account the three viewpoints of the economic optimization,the equity principle and the continuity of production,the present model is aimed to bring the multiple goal of the maximized environment and economic benefits,the minimized abatement expenses,the comprehensive Gini coefficient and carbon dioxide emission variance for the enterprises into being. Furthermore,to prove the validity of the model,we have proposed an allocation plan for the carbon dioxide reduction obligations for the given enterprises,in accordance with which the enterprises themselves should be made a responsible decision maker to select its own sensitive emission goals. As the result,the model we have established and would like to propose to the government departments concerned as well as to the due enterprises bears the following specific characteristic features:( 1) The distribution consequences have been worked out based on the relevant data sources of the given enterprises,who are entitled to own less abatement costs but better promising economic development prospect and fair index value,and,in turn,are expected to be well received because of a greater reduction task;( 2) The decision makers of the enterprises will be helpful to make high emission reduction potential choices on the different targets so as to realize the goal for the optimized share of the emission rights;( 3) At the same time,the allocation scheme should not only be able to overcome the defects of a single-objective decision making model but also take into full account all kinds of actual differences among the enterprises in the respective areas so as to make the allocation scheme idealistic. Thus,the model we have prepared has proved to be valuable for the correlational studies and policy setting in the due area.


The invention relates to a kit for detection of leukemia and autoimmune diseases. The kit comprises a CD52 mutant antibody. Through simulation and optimization of a CD52 antibody, an optimal site with the largest function of antibody bonding is found and through point mutation of the specific site, a series of mutant antibodies are obtained. Compared with the original antibody, the mutant antibodies have better bonding characteristics and bonding accuracy and have unpredictable effects. Through use of the mutant antibodies in preparation of a kit for detecting the number of white blood cells, the kit has a good application prospect.


During the past several years, there has been increasing interest in and concern for the ethical and moral considerations that pertain to the conduct of biomedical research in human beings. At the present time, before approving a research project, virtually all private or governmental agencies in the United States that support clinical research require written assurances from prospective investigators or institutions, that the rights and welfare of participating human subjects will be protected during all phases of the study. Research institutions have thus established committees to review proposed research in human subjects at their institutions, or utilize ad hoc committees for this purpose. Review committees must be competent to review a proposed study scientifically and to determine the acceptability of the study in terms of local law, standards of professional conduct and community practice. These committees should include a variety of professional and scientific personnel from the institution, as well as representatives from the community, such as lawyers, clergymen, or members of consumer-interest groups who may add other dimensions to the opinion of the scientific or professional members. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS IN RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS.-Any research that involves human subjects must be based upon scientific principles that provide a sound rationale for the research. The justification for the research should be based upon findings obtained from laboratory or animal experiments, findings from other clinical studies, or scientifically established facts. Research involving human subjects should be conducted by or be under the supervision of clinical investigators who are scientifically qualified and experienced. All study personnel should be skilled and exercise great care in carrying out the study's procedures. The principal clinical investiga-


The oxygen adsorption process of coal is analyzed, which could be divided into activated adsorption phase, alterable energy rank phase and trending adsorption phase. The curves of coal samples at different phases of oxygen adsorption process are tested and plotted to obtain the constant of time lag and slope, which could indicate the characteristics of coal surface potential energy and pores structure. The coal oxygen-adsorption speed equation could be derived by the theory of adsorption dynamics and curves of oxygen adsorption process, from which the mathematical model for characteristics of oxygen adsorption process is developed. The logarithmic relationship existed in between coal adsorption activated energy and coverage. It is indicated that the speed of oxygen adsorption is the measuring factor for the property of coal surface reacting with oxygen, in certain extent it quantifies the coal ignition capability.


During the last 50 years, western European societies have been successful in creating economic growth, a functioning democracy and uniting these with social welfare. At the same time, environmental ...


Aim To investigate the expression of urotensin Ⅱ(UⅡ) and its receptor(UT) in the aorta and myocardium in a rat model of vascular calcification,and explore the significance of UⅡ system in vascular calcification. Methods Arterial calcification of Sprague-Dawley rats was induced by Vitamin D3 plus nicotine(VDN).Calcification was confirmed by Von Kossa staining and measurement of calcium content.Alkaline phosphatases(ALP) activity was also evaluated.UⅡ contents of plasma,aorta and myocardium were determined by radioimmunoassay,UⅡ immunoactivity and UT mRNA expression were determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR,respectively. Results There were mass black granules deposited in aortic wall of the vascular calcified rats induced by VDN,with Von Kossa staining.Calcium content and ALP activity in calcified aorta of these rats were increased significantly than the control rats(P0.01).Meanwhile,aortic UⅡ and UT mRNA levels in calcified rats,as well as myocardial UT mRNA level,were upregulated significantly compared with the control group.In addition,high arginine diet could reduce the degree of vascular calcification by Von Kossa staining.Calcium contents,UⅡ contents,and UT mRNA levels were slightly lower,but not significantly in the VDN plus arginine rats than in the VDN treated rats.Furthermore,VDN plus high methionine diet treatment could exacerbate vascular calcification.Aortic calcium contents,as well as aortic and myocardial UⅡ contents and UT mRNA expression,were further increased,while aortic ALP activity was decreased in the VDN plus methionine rats than in the calcified rats induced by VDN.There were no significant differences in plasma UⅡ contents among these groups. Conclusion This study found that UⅡ/UT system was significantly increased in calcified vessels,suggesting that UⅡ may be involved in the development of vascular calcification,in a paracrine and/or autocrine manner.