Introduction: Compressive cervical myelopathy (CCM) is one of the commonest problem for aged patients. Methods and material: Retrospectively analysed 35 patients for factors affecting outcome of CCM including Age, Neurology including myelopathy, spasticity, flaccidity, radiculopathy, sphincter involvement, ambulation, dynamic X-rays, MRI(cord changes), single to multiple compressive segments, anterior/posterior or combined pathology, type including spondylotic, flourotic, OPLL. Pre op score including Nurick score and JOA score, types of surgery anterior/posterior/combined and staged with/without fixation and fusion, associated comorbidities. Result: At minimum of 9-months and average 1-year follow up showed Nurick's grade I pts having Excellent, Grade II & III having good to excellent and Grade IV & V having fair outcome. JOA Score >10 had Excellent and <10 is having good outcome after surgery according to Odom's criteria. Conclusion: Various factors affect surgical outcome of this problem, which needs thorough assessment and decision making rather than considering single factors. AIM OF STUDY • To evaluate the results of different approaches and modalities of treatment in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. • To evaluate various factors affecting surgical outcome of this problem which needs thorough assessment and helps decision making. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective study of 35 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy carried out from 2011 to 2013 in Orthopaedics Department, Civil Hospital Ahmedabad. A complete clinical examination of patients is carried out through a standard Performa. Out of 42 patient, 7 patients were excluded either due to loss of follow up or inadequate follow up, so 35 patients included for study. Aim of study: To evaluate the results of different approaches and modalities of treatment in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Study level II Prospective study with 83% follow up. Study design: All patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were admitted in hospital and treated by different surgeons. Thorough local and neurological examination done as per Performa. Patient is assessed pre-operatively and post-operatively by using NDI(Neck Disability Index), Nurick's grading and JOA score. X-rays cervical spine with lateral flexion extension view was taken. M.R.I was taken in all patients. Plan was decided according to clinical and radiological features. Types of operations are decided by site of pathology, level of pathology & curvature of spine. Operative patient were either discharged on 5th or 6th post operative days after confirming dressing status or were sent to Rehabilitation centre for physiotherapy. All patients were given Philadelphia cervical collar for 6 weeks with isometric neck muscle exercise. Patient was called in follow up on 1 1⁄2 month, 3 month, 6 month and 1 year. Minimum follow up duration is 9 months and average follow up is 1 year. Final outcome is assessed using Odom's Criteria and Percentage Recovery rate of JOA score and improvement in Nurick grade. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS Results as per Odom's criteria: 1. Result according to Procedure:


Word vectors are typically computed by implementing distributional statistics, but these word vectors cannot represent unknown words. The ability to integrate word definitions with distributional statistics to create hybrid word vectors has the potential to improve performance on out-of-vocabulary tasks. A baseline bag-ofwords and sequence-to-sequence auto-encoder were first iterated upon to obtain definitional word vectors that capture complementary information to distributional word vectors. Use of a sentence variational auto-encoder to compute word embeddings was also explored. Preliminary results suggest that a combination of distributional vectors (GloVE embeddings) and definitional word vectors produced from an autoencoder provide an improvement for Neural Machine Translation and warrants further testing.


Shallow geothermal energy is widely distributed in the Huaibei plain in Anhui Province and is prospective to be utilized in the form of groundwater heat exchange.This paper assessed the applicability of shallow(at depth of 50m) groundwater heat exchange system in the Huibei plain using AHP method based on MapGIS and Access platforms,had a profound study on assessment factor classification,grade division and assessment index grading by reference to latest research results at home and abroad and considering geo-environmental characteristics of the assessed area.The assessment results reflected basic features of shallow pore water that shows a good regular pattern.


One of the fundamental features of enterprises' supremacy over one another, particularly in SMEs, is intangible assets and their intellectual capital (IC). Varieties of approaches to assessing and evaluating enterprises' intellectual capital have far been offered. None of them, however, has been considered in the face of qualitative indicators and their synthesis and quantitative indicators, as well as accounting the failure to have access to evidence during evaluation. In this article, a framework for the assessment of intellectual capital is offered by using an evidential reasoning approach developed based on a hierarchical model and Dempster–Shafer (D–S) theory of evidence. The explanation of this framework is accompanied by its application in the assessment of intellectual capital of SMEs in the field of IT in one of Iran's regions.


Nitrite can react with amines to form nitrosamines under certain circumstances,compounds that had been shown in variety of animal studies to be carcinogenic.Although no materials were found for substitute the nitrite completely until now,the work for reducing nitrite addition made progress greatly.Research results and problems of reducing nitrite addition by color agents,natural antimicrobials and natural substitute of nitrite at home and abroad were summarized.


Trials with five popular Hereford lines, using commercial cow herds, indicate that significant increases in size, cuttability and yield of boneless, closely trimmed retail cuts from round, loin, rib and chuck can be obtained through breeding selection—without impairing carcass quality grade


DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190154 It has long been known that platelet activation is involved in the genesis of several cardiovascular diseases, especially acute coronary syndromes and other atherosclerotic diseases.1 Studies carried out in the 1970s already showed that the endothelial lesion was capable of triggering a cascade of inflammatory events leading to platelet activation and consequent vascular thrombosis.2


The aim of this paper is to utilize the voting system in large democracy countries, but in the present the fair election process is facing lot of problems like illegal votes, fake voting, tampering with the Electronic Voting Machines(EVMs).Being a engineers, it is our responsibility to avoid plague. In the commonly used EVMs the voting process takes place electronically and this eliminates the use of ballot paper to cast votes in elections as it is very time consuming. The election department will collect the face images and fingerprint from the voters. The database will store the images when the images are obtained on the casting day, it will compared with database and provides a secured voting on the election day.


There is an obvious aerodynamic interference problem that occurs for a quad tilt rotor in near-ground hovering or in the conversion operating condition. This paper presents an aerodynamic interference test of the quad tilt rotor in a wind tunnel. A 1:35 scale model of the quad tilt rotor is used in this test. To substitute for the ground, a moveable platform is designed in a low-speed open-loop wind tunnel to simulate different flight altitudes of the quad tilt rotor in hovering or forward flight. A rod six-component force balance is used to measure the loads on the aircraft, and the flow field below the airframe is captured using particle image velocimetry. The experimental results show that the ground effect is significant when the hover height above the ground is less than the rotor diameter of the quad tilt rotor aircraft, and the maximum upload of the airframe is approximately 12% of the total vertical thrust with the appearance of obvious fountain flow. During the conversion operating condition, the upload of the airframe is reduced compared with that in the hovering state, which is affected by rotor wake and incoming flow. The aerodynamic interference test results of the quad tilt rotor aircraft have important reference value in power system selection, control system design, and carrying capacity improvement with the advantage of ground effect.


In the paper,a mathematical model of solidification and heat transfer for continuously cast billet has been established based on No.1 billet caster of Yongxing Steel Co..The surface temperature of billet was measured and the result shows that the calculated values are in good agreement with the measured ones. The billet quality has been improved obvariously and can meet the requirement of further development on steel variety by optimum secondary cooling system during production.


two points. First, it is difficult to accept what I consider a parochial and ethnocentric viewpoint that publications have to appear in English in order to have "impact upon the wider world." Serious historians have a reading knowledge of the language of the nation which they are studying so they can analyze primary sources and published literature. Second, a systematic research on Hrushevs'kyi's activities started in the 1960s in the US with the introduction of "Hrushevs'koznavstvo" (Hrushevsky studies) by the Ukrainian Historical Association, resulting in publication of numerous materials which were abstracted in Historical Abstracts and other reference publications. In fact, Dr. Prymak notes his reliance on these works in the preparation of his own English language biography. The materials published by the Ukrainian Historical Association from the 1960s to the present are well known by serious scholars of Ukrainian history and Hrushevs'kyi.


The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of business risk, company size, and sales growth Total Asset Turnover Against Debt to Equity Ratio. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a descriptive and verification approach. The data analysis technique used in this study is the classical assumption, multiple linear regression test, person correlation coefficient test (product moment), test the coefficient of determination (R2), and hypothesis testing both partially (t test) and simultaneously (f test) using the help of the SPSS version 25 program. Based on the research results show that in testing the hypothesis (t test) the results are: (1) Business Risk (DOL) has a significant effect on Debt to Equity Ratio. (2) Company size has no significant effect on Debt to Equity Ratio. (3) Company growth has a significant effect on Debt to Equity Ratio. (4) Total Asset Turn Over has a significant effect on Debt to Equity Ratio. (5) Business Risk, Company Size, Sales Growth, and Total Asset Turn Over provide a simultaneous (together) effect on Debt to Equity Ratio.(6)


The development of a High Efficiency Advanced Coal Combustor (HEACC) has been in progress since 1987 and the ABB Power Plant Laboratories. The initial work on this concept produced an advanced coal firing system that was capable of firing both water-based and dry pulverized coal in an industrial boiler environment. Economics may one day dictate that it makes sense to replace oil or natural gas with coal in boilers that were originally designed to burn these fuels. The objective of the current program is to demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of retrofitting a gas/oil designed boiler to burn micronized coal. In support of this overall objective, the following specific areas were targeted: A coal handling/preparation system that can meet the technical requirements for retrofitting microfine coal on a boiler designed for burning oil or natural gas; Maintaining boiler thermal performance in accordance with specifications when burning oil or natural gas; Maintaining NOx emissions at or below 0.6 lb/MBtu; Achieving combustion efficiencies of 98% or higher; and Calculating economic payback periods as a function of key variables. The overall program has consisted of five major tasks: (1) A review of current state-of-the-art coal firing system components; (2) Design and experimental testing of a prototype HEACC burner; (3) Installation and testing of a HEACC system in a commercial retrofit application; (4) Economic evaluation of the HEACC concept for retrofit applications; and (5) Long term demonstration under commercial user demand conditions. This paper will summarize the latest key experimental results (Task 3) and the economic evaluation (Task 4) of the HEACC concept for retrofit applications. 28 figs., 6 tabs.


The study objective addressed the labor benefits constituted in salaries, participation of workers and training in the "Good Living" policy, and the success obtained considering sales and wealth in the manufacturing industries of the city of Manta - Ecuador, between the periods 2011 - 2015. It is considered the universe of fifty-two industries that gave a sample of four most important companies in the area, due to their participation in the productive sector and their influence on local and national economic development. The methodology in the research was descriptive analytical type, and the sample consists of the data of the financial indicators existing in the Superintendence of Companies, Securities and Insurance. The most relevant results obtained show us that there is a high level of influence regarding the remunerations and training of employees and their influence on the increase in the level of industrial productivity.


A tyrosyl peptide from the ligand-binding site of the dinitrophenyl-binding myeloma IgA of mouse MOPC 315 was isolated following paired-iodination. It was found to be derived from the heavy chain and not the light chain and thus must involve a different tyrosine than the light chain tyrosine (tyrosine 34) reported by Goetzl and Metzger (Biochemistry, 9:3862, 1970) and by Haimovich et al. (Biochemistry, 11: 2389, 1972).


VOLUME 73 | NUMBER 1 | JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2023 A new study finds that patient participation in clinical trials (CTs) leading to approval for hematologic cancer indications significantly underrepresents certain at-risk demographic groups in comparison with their incidence of these diseases. These disparities are most prominent and most consistent for Black, Hispanic, and Native American patients.


The romance genre Romance, the most influential genre of imaginative writing in the Middle Ages, at once looks back to the tradition of epic poetry and forward to the genre of the novel. While prose romances developed in the thirteenth century, poetry was the traditional mode of romance, and there exists an immensely diverse collection of verse narratives. The earliest French romances retold classical epics while reflecting new cultural interest in chivalry, courtliness and the individual: thus the focus of the twelfth-century Roman d'Eneas was the love of Dido and Aeneas. Thebes, Troy and the exploits of Alexander offered popular story matter, and romance writers took up earlier twelfth-century chansons de geste to treat the heroes of French history. A more courtly type of romance also developed, which drew on the 'matter of Britain', Celtic folk material, and in particular, on legends of King Arthur and the Round Table. In the later twelfth century, the lais of Marie de France, written in sophisticated Anglo-Norman octosyllabic couplets for a highly refined audience and treating intense moments of rarefied emotion, were balanced by the extended and complex verse narratives of Chretien de Troyes, which developed the pattern of quest and adventure in the context of the knight-hero's journey to self-realisation. These and the many French romances of the thirteenth century, along with a sophisticated tradition of lyric poetry, provided the substance of courtly entertainment in England, and in the fourteenth century French poets such as Froissart, Machaut and Deschamps shaped an international court culture in which poetry played a prominent role.


In this paper, detection of rotor position at standstill of toroidal switched reluctance motor(TSRM) with built-in search coils using neural network is proposed. When search coils are used as a position sensor, it has many advantages like low cost, decrease in the volume, high robust characteristics and wide applications. However, the initial rotor position detection is very difficult because the search coil`s EMF doesn`t exist at standstill. In this paper, detection of initial rotor position of TSRM with built-in search coils using neural network is suggested. The experiment for the proposed method are presented. As a result of that, the accuracy and validity of the proposed method is verified.


This work focuses on a general framework for image representation and image matching that may be appropriate for medical image archives. The proposed methodology is comprised of a continuous and probabilistic image representation scheme using Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) along with information-theoretic image matching measures (KL). The GMM-KL framework is used for matching and categorizing x-ray images by body regions and orientation. A 4-dimensional feature space is used to represent the x-ray image input, including intensity, texture (contrast) and spatial information (x,y). Unsupervised clustering via the GMM is used to extract coherent regions in feature space, and corresponding coherent segments ("blobs") in the image content. The blobs are used in the matching process. A dominant characteristic of the radiological images is their poor contrast and large intensity variations. This presents a challenge to matching between the images and is handled via a post-processing stage that provides an invariant blob-signature per image input. In a leave-one-out procedure, each image out of 851 is used once as a test-image, and is categorized by the remaining (labeled) images. The GMM-KL classifier was tested using 851 radiological images with error-rate of 1%. The classification results compare favorably with reported global representation schemes, such as histograms.


Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of E-cadherin(E-cad) protein and invasion,metastasis and prognosis in colorectal cancinoma (CRC). Methods The expression of E-cad protein were measured by immunohistochemistry in 101 specimens of CRC,10 specimens of colorectal adenoma and 20 specimens of normal tissues. Results The reduced-expression of E-cad protein was associated with Dukes stages and degree of differentiation,lymph nodes and distant organs metastasis (P 0. 05); there was no correlation with types of neoplasms,depth of infiltration,location, size,gender and age ( P 0. 05). The difference of survival periods between positive and negative groups on E-cad protein was not signficant(P 0. 05). Conclusion The reduced-expression of E-cad protein is closely associated with invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer.


A physical exam was done to assess the physique of the staff at Anshan University of Science and Technology. And an comparative study on physique indicator was made between the staff at ASUST with Chinese intellectuals for revealing the present health state of intellectuals of higher education. Some suggestions were provided for a better health and for further research.


Coastal zone has strong environmental function and ecological benefits,playing an important role in keeping the ecological balance on the surface of the earth.The coastal resources and environment are bases of survival and development for the residents.In this paper,Yancheng city of Jiangsu Province was taken as a case where a survey was conducted about local residents′perception of coastal zone resources and environment which covers five aspects,i.e.,the natural resources,human behavior,controlling of eco-environment,social economy and message of resources.Conclusion was obtained based on which suggestions for sustainable development of coastal resources and environment were proposed.


Outmigration from Bihar in search of livelihood has been normalised over several decades, with Bihar being one of the topmost states of origin for the migrants Unemployment rate in Bihar remains higher than the country average Agriculture has become unviable over the years due to low yields, increasing landlessness and lack of financial support by the state The return migration to the state in the wake of COVID-19 necessitates that the state generate farm and non-farm employment to address the crisis situation


Dear Editor: The authors of "Dealing with the Reading Needs of the Learning Disabled Child" (October 1981, 14 (8), 436-448) have provided us with a review of the alarming scope of illiteracy in the general population. Rosner, Abrams, Daniels, and Schiffman go on to define and discuss the literacy problems of the learning disabled child from broad perspectives. There is a good deal in the article that I consider to be valid, among which are their criticism of standardized survey measures, the value of diagnostic teaching in the classroom, the classification of the varied types of reading-learning disabilities, and the importance of the interaction between organic and environmental factors in viewing the LD child's development. However, in their discussion of reading failure and its remediation, the very crux of the matter, I believe the authors to be in basic error. Their concluding statement is questionable: "Good reading instruction has never been easy to provide, but we are convinced that the knowledge of how to provide it is there, if we teach rather than label." In the article there appears to be no real search for the causes of our failure to teach reading effectively and no recommendations for change. From my vantage point as a former classroom teacher, a former professor of special education, and a present reading specialist, educational psychologist, and director of an active diagnostic and learning center specializing in dyslexia, I have to disagree with the authors' estimate that educators know how to solve illiteracy, but that the problem is how to get the knowledge down to the classroom. On the contrary, the authors' discussion of reading instruction reveals the fact that their message has indeed been absorbed by classroom teachers and that their type of instruction, which really stems from the thirties, has contributed to the illiteracy in the school population. I refer to the notions that "words in and of themselves are of little importance" or that "there is a starting point for remedial instruction. Appreciation and need for meaning is that starting point." Or, again, that "context . . . is the alpha and omega of the word attack process" and still further that "context may preclude the necessity for using word analysis or synthesis skills." The work of the neuropsychologist Alexander Luria (1966) throws much light on this controversy. For 30 years, as part of his research in brain science, he studied brain lesions in relation to language behavior. While he studied the functional organization of the brain, he also went outside the brain to study the complex structure of language and the interactions of the two. He described reading and writing as an integrated process developmentally progressing through various stages. He recognized that the reading process differs with different languages. For example, a largely nonphonetic language such as Chinese is not dependent on auditory decoding. The conventional symbols of the Chinese language do not record the phonetic composition of words but rather of ideas and concepts. In such a language, the visual modality is principally employed—and therefore developed. T | But in languages with alphabet writing O systems based on phonics (such as EnZE glish), reading should be approached ^ through the auditory channel. 3 In the context of alphabetic writing systems, there is no direct connection between the graphic form of printed words and their meaning. Rather, meaning is associated with the sound structure of the word, and therefore reading comprehension must be based on that sound structure. It follows that teaching methodology should be based on the principle that comprehension of both written and oral language should be based on the sound structure of the word, which, defined, is its organization of sounds in their temporal sequential order. Without mastering the process of blending sounds into words, the child is forced, if he or she can, to compensate by finding alternative channels for learning. Usually the alternative becomes the visual approach to the whole word, associating it directly with meaning, as if it were a Chinese logograph. Many children, including preschoolers, do learn to read by the sight approach, internalizing necessary phonic generalizations in a form of self-directed learning, a form of learning barred to others less perceptually lucky. But even these more perceptually integrated children are often still hampered in other structural language areas such as writing and spelling by their inadequate auditory analysis and synthesis development. To bypass the development of auditory perception by failing to teach phonics systematically is to deprive the child of the keys to his or her language. The teaching of reading and writing fluency is certainly crucial but must follow after children have obtained and made automatic the decoding process.


In this article, the authors considered the possibility of automation of financial and analytical activities of an enterprise through the use of an information system based on 1C: Enterprise.


The Katulampa Weir is a part of Jakarta Flood Early Warning System for the Ciliwung River. The measured water level fluctuation in the Katulampa Weir is affected by the physical condition of the Upper Ciliwung Watershed. In this study, the definition and relevance of the impervious cover determination method based on the Total Impervious Area (TIA) and Effective Impervious Area (EIA) in generating design flood discharge and its effect on the change of flood early warning level in Katulampa Weir will be evaluated. Identification of land use distribution is based on digitized process used combined GIS maps using visual interpretation of high resolution satellite images 2017. The flood analysis for both methods is applied to the same rain conditions. Evaluation of flood early warning level changes are based on flood discharge simulated results and rating curve discharge in the Katulampa Weir. The simulation by WinTR-20 gives that maximum discharge using TIA method is 150 m/s and EIA method 139.5 m/s. There is no significant difference between and both are classified as the same level of flood early warning system level, which is on stage 3. However, for large watersheds, it takes much effort to identify and digitize an effective impervious area.


Composability is a key component to improve programmers' productivity in writing fast market-expanding applications such as parallel machine learning algorithms and big data analytics. These applications exhibit both regular and irregular compute patterns, and are often combined with other functions or libraries to compose a larger program. However, composable parallel processing has taken a back seat in many existing parallel programming libraries, making it difficult to achieve modularity in large-scale parallel programs. In this paper, we introduce a new parallel task programming library using composable tasking graphs. Our library efficiently supports task parallelism together with an intuitive task graph construction and flexible execution API set to enable reusable and composable task dependency graphs. Developers can quickly compose a large parallel program from small and modular parallel building blocks, and easily deploy the program on a multicore machine. We have evaluated our library on real-world applications. Experimental results showed our library can achieve comparable performance to Intel Threading Building Blocks with less coding effort.


IN SOUTJHEAST ASIA TODAY political realities necessitate developing national loyalties among a heterogeneous youth and demand the effective selection of individuals into the main political and governmental agencies. The facilitation of this process of "nationalization" through acculturation and the recruitment of potential elites are important functions of the educational system at the university level. Traditionally, universities in Southeast Asia have not been controlled instrumentalities of the state, though they were financed from government sources. Of course, they were expected to be suppliers of higher civil servants and in Burma and Ceylon this task was performed so well that in the latter pre-independence days supply was in excess of demand and the term "the educated unemployed" became common. In Indonesia, however, the situation was quite different. Supply was relatively low due to to the small number of Indonesians in advanced elementary and academic secondary schools (8,88i students in I940) and in the four faculties (Law, Medicine, Engineering and Literature, with 585 students in all).The demand side put the Indonesians at a disadvantage because of the large supply of Europeans; in I940 Europeans held i6,725 posts out of 8I,957 in the Netherlands Indies and virtually monopolized the higher positions of government service.2 Thus, the function of university education to provide an elite corps of administrators had been well established and this tradition has carried over into the first generation of independence. During the colonial period, however, there emerged from this process of university training a group of political dissidents who became leaders of revolutionary, independence movements. The crucial part played by the university in the rise of nationalism was largely unforeseen by the colonial powers in Southeast Asia. In a similar way the relationships of the university with the political process have gone largely unobserved, unstudied, or been misunderstood by the countries now independent. The university as an instrument of political adaptation represents the most


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a pharmaceutical composition inhibiting production of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) in mammal and useful for treatment, etc., of graft versus host disease. SOLUTION: This pharmaceutical composition contains an effective amount of a compound represented by formula I [R 1 is methyl, etc.; R 2 is a 1-6C alkyl, etc.; A and B are each a covalent bond, a 1-5C alkylene or the like which is as necessary substituted; Y is a covalent bond, O or the like; Z is a group of formula II (R 3 is H, a halogen, etc.), e.g. cis-1-[4-[2-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4- methoxyphenyl]-ethenylphenyl]-2-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]-pyridine[[3- cyclopentyloxo]-4methoxyphenyl]methyl]triphenylphosphonium bromide. A racemic modification-diastereomer mixture, optical isomer or its salt of the compound is administered to mammal to which inhibition of production of TNF is required. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


Hypertension and diabetes are key modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Research has typically focused on blood pressure (BP) levels, despite evidence that high BP variability (BPV) over time may predict poorer cardiovascular, neuropathological, and neurocognitive outcomes. We assessed associations between BPV and global cognition in a cohort of participants from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), including 4 ethnoracial groups: White, African‐American, Chinese, and Hispanic.


Experimental results on the study of helicopter acoustic signals with nonstationary additive noises using cyclostationarity are presented. It is shown that helicopter signals are closely related to first-order periodicity rather than to second- or higher order periodicity, and hence it is necessary to discuss the feasibility of detecting first-order periodicity using cyclostationarity. Working on real helicopter data, we then show that some advantages of using cyclostationarity for helicopter signal detection are improvement of (cyclic) frequency resolution and enhancement of the probability of detection. For helicopter signals with time-variant Doppler shift, a cyclic frequency smoothing method is proposed. This method does not have a counterpart in communication applications, and should be useful for acoustic signal processing.


The present Glossary is intended to be used together with and complementary of the "Short Course on Salt Tectonics" enclosed in the same Sub-Community/Collection.


We report the high temperature reaction of iron acetylacetonate in phenyl ether in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine that was used to synthesize monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction profile and high-angle annular dark-field images give evidence of self-assembled arrays with nanoparticle size of 4 nm. Magnetization versus temperature in the temperature range 2.5‐160 K was measured in zero-field-cooled and field-cooled experiments and a blocking temperatureT b 520 K was obtained. Above T b the nanoparticles show superparamagnetic behavior and the magnetization versus field for various temperature follows the Langevin function. M-H curves below Tb indicate the ferromagnetic behavior with Hc560‐ 400 Oe for temperature T52.5‐ 18.5 K. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1682783#


The SONAR images are perturbed by speckle noise. The despecklisation is necessary to optimize the image understanding. This paper presents, starting from a denoising method proposed by Donoho, a new filtering procedure, applied in the Double Tree Discrete Wavelet Transform domain. This technique reduces the noise without affecting the discontinuities. Some simulation examples prove the performances of the new denoising method.


Objective: To investigate clinical significance of umbilical cord blood chromosome analysis in prenatal diagnosis.Methods: 266 cases of pregnant women(16-38 weeks) were engaged in cordocentesis,1-2ml unbiblical cord blood were collected for cell culture,followed by G-banding karyotype analysis.Results: 261 of 266(98.12%) cases were successfully cultured.Among the successfully cultured cases,20(7.66%) chromosomal abnormalities were identified,trisomy were the most common,16 cases,accounting for 80.0% of the total chromosomal abnormalities.14(5.36%) chromosome polymorphism were identified,Y chromosome heterochromatin prolong was the most common,accounting for 64.29%(9 cases) of the total polymorphism.Conclusion: The karyotype analysis of fetal cord blood chromosome was an effective method to reduce the birthrate of child with chromosome abnormality.It should be wide generalization so that society and more families benefited.


Data is one of the most important aspects of any commercial or research organization. Different technical processes are applied to extract information from data. This information gets transformed into knowledge for further decision making. Today many data analysis tools are available in the market which helps to convert data into useful information. The primary focus of these tools is to provide beneficial and helpful results to its users as per their requirements. The key to analyze any data is lies in its multidimensional structure. The new wave of technology has changed the form and volume of data. There is also a significant change in the type of users, it has been observed that nontechnical data miners as target users of various analytical tools. Hence, in today's world, it is essential for these analysis tools to adapt themselves to the changing needs of both the users and the technology and be updated with new statistical techniques, data mining algorithms and machine learning methodologies. In this paper, focus is on the advantages and challenges faced by some of the data analysis tools due to the change in form and volume of data.


The Argument In this paper I present and argue for a model of conceptual development in science and apply it to the transition from classical to modern physics associated with Einstein. The model claims a continuous and rational transition between incompatible subsequent conceptual systems in mathematical science and explains its mechanism. The model was developed in a study of the transition from preclassical to classical mechanics. I argue for a strong structural analogy between the transition from preclassical to classical mechanics on the one hand and from classical to modern physics on the other. The first transition is briefly sketched here by reference to Galileo and his disciples; in the second transition Planck and Lorentz on the one hand and Einstein on the other play the respective roles. A detailed and documented reconstruction of the transition from preclassical to classical mechanics on the basis of this model has already been published and is only briefly referred to in the paper. The transition from classical to modern physics is portrayed here much more extensively—though of course merely in broad brush strokes. Einstein–s role in this transition is reconstructed in the light of a conceptualization of his scientific knowledge as an active structure of thought, shaped by his intellectual experience. In this way, the development of his individual thinking is shown to be part of the overall process of conceptual transformation from classical to modern physics. The reconstruction sketched in this paper is to be considered as a proposal to be substantiated, reformed, and improved by future detailed studies.


Glaucoma is considered as world's second biggest health emergency of this century. Glaucoma is an irremediable chronic ocular disease. In Glaucoma, Optic Nerve Head (ONH) gets damaged due to loss of ganglion cells. This damage of ONH causes cupping of nerve head and optic cup size increases with respect to the size of optic disc. These changes in ONH can be detected using various image processing methods which can be applied on retinal images acquired using Optical Coherence Tomograph, Retinal fundus camera and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. This paper proposes an approach to detect Glaucoma automatically from retinal fundus images. A level set based approach for segmentation of optic disc (OD) is used and further analysis of segmented OD is done by textural information. In this approach, image features are obtained by the use of Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and these image features were classified using Support Vector Machine(SVM) classifier.


ABSTRACT To investigate the applicability of the pulsed neutron source method using a pulsed spallation neutron source for an on-line subcriticality monitoring system of an accelerator-driven system, a subcritical experiment is conducted using the Kyoto University Critical Assembly in combination with the fixed-field alternating gradient accelerator. Reactivity values obtained from different traditional techniques, the area-ratio method and the α-fitting method, are discussed with respect to the applicability to on-line subcriticality monitoring. The results show that the area-ratio method robustly and accurately monitors subcriticality in shallow subcritical states with negative reactivity of up to a few dollars; however, this method faces problems with temporal fluctuations, spatial dispersion, and sensitivity to the proton-beam current with increasing depth of subcriticality. On the other hand, it is shown that the α-fitting method alleviates such problems in deep subcritical states. Moreover, a proposed fitting technique using the maximum-likelihood estimation method based on the Poisson distribution is robust enough to be applicable to on-line subcriticality monitoring for negative reactivity levels of up to roughly nine dollars.


How resource abundance and market size affect the choice of increasing returns technologies is studied in an overlapping-generations general equilibrium model in which manufacturing firms engage in oligopolistic competition. The model is surprisingly tractable. First, for the steady state, the wage rate, the level of technology, and capital stock are not affected by the amount of natural resources. An increase in the share of agricultural revenue going to natural resources leads to a lower wage rate and firms choose less advanced technologies. Second, an increase in market size increases the equilibrium wage rate, level of technology, and capital stock. Finally, other things equal, a country with a lower endowment of natural resources or a higher market size has a comparative advantage in producing the manufactured good.


Typhoon-induced disaster is one of the most important factors influencing the economic development in China. One facet of evacuation is the withdrawal or removal of persons from a stricken or threatened area. Another is the resettlement of the victims, or potential victims, and the provision of shelter and resources in the areas to which those residents are moved. Typhoon Emergency shelters are places for people to live temporarily when they can't live in their previous residence during typhoon disasters. The most important function in emergency management is that choosing the positions of emergency service facilities, hence the site selection decision-making that how to effectively configure and rational distribution of typhoon emergency shelters in rural areas is very important. This paper describes an integrated location-distribution model for coordinating logistics support and evacuation operations in disaster response activities. In risk mitigation studies for natural disasters, possible sites where these units can be situated are specified according to risk based rural structural analysis. Logistics coordination in disasters involves the selection of sites that result in maximum coverage of resettlement need in affected areas. A example is given to show how the proposed model can be used to optimize the locations of typhoon emergency shelters in coastal typhoon disaster areas.


Biomass burning activities emit high concentra- tions of aerosol particles to the atmosphere. Such particles can interact with solar radiation, decreasing the amount of light reaching the surface and increasing the fraction of dif- fuse radiation through scattering processes, and thus has im- plications for photosynthesis within plant canopies. This work reports results from photosynthetically active radia- tion (PAR) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements conducted simultaneously at Reserva Bioldo Jaru (Rondonia State, Brazil) during LBA/SMOCC (Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia/ Smoke, Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall, and Climate) and RaCCI (Radia- tion, Cloud, and Climate Interactions in the Amazon during the Dry-to-Wet Transition Season) field experiments from 15 September to 15 November 2002. AOD values were re- trieved from an AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) ra- diometer, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer) and a portable sunphotometer from the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture - Forest Service. Significant reduction of PAR irradiance at the top of the canopy was observed due to the smoke aerosol particles layer. This radiation reduction affected turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heats. The in- crease of AOD also enhanced the transmission of PAR inside the canopy. As a consequence, the availability of diffuse radi- ation was enhanced due to light scattering by the aerosol par- ticles. A complex relationship was identified between light availability inside the canopy and net ecosystem exchange (NEE). The results showed that the increase of aerosol op- tical depth corresponded to an increase of CO2 uptake by the vegetation. However, for even higher AOD values, the


Objective To research the diagnostic value and the relative factors of abnormal hepatic perfusion in hepatic abscess. Methods During February 1998~ October 2003, spiral scan was perfomed in 34 patients with hepatic abscess, of which 34 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma without portal carcinomatous embolus were randomly selected. Following plain spiral CT scan of the liver, arterial phase scanning was started at 20 s after contrast injection. CT findings were observed and the relative factors of abnormal hepatic perfusion of hepatic abscess were analyzed. Results Abnormal hepatic perfusion in arterial phase was seen in 26 cases, of which 18 cases in hepatic abscess and 8 cases in hepatocellular carcinoma, presenting as irregular patchy high density. CT demonstrated that formation of abnormal hepatic perfusion was related to the course of diseases, but not related to the location of the lesions. Conclusion Abnormal hepatic perfusion is another important enhanced CT sign and is valuable in the diagnosis of hepatic abscess.


The next-generation Enriched Xenon Observatory (nEXO) is a proposed experiment to search for neutrinoless double-β (0νββ) decay in Xe136 with a target half-life sensitivity of approximately 1028 yr using 5×103 kg of isotopically enriched liquid-xenon in a time projection chamber. This improvement of two orders of magnitude in sensitivity over current limits is obtained by a significant increase of the Xe136 mass, the monolithic and homogeneous configuration of the active medium, and the multiparameter measurements of the interactions enabled by the time projection chamber. The detector concept and anticipated performance are presented based upon demonstrated realizable background rates.


. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of the Jumantik in monitoring mosquito larvae at Tembalang Sub-district, Semarang. This sub-district has the highest dengue cases in 2019. To overcome the cases, the sub-district empowers Jumantik (the trained volunteer to monitor mosquito larvae). The method of the research was descriptive qualitative. The subjects were the Jumantik who lived in Tembalang District. The result shows that the Jumantik performance can be seen from (1) quality of the work, (2) quantity of work completed, (3) time period needed to complete the work, (4) effectiveness of resources, (5) independence in completing the task and (6) work commitment.


The Soviet higher school of today is not only an educational and research institution; it is also a large and diversified economy that has many links with the commodity and monetary system. A number of higher schools, such as the Moscow and Leningrad universities, the Kiev, Urals and Kharkov polytechnical institutes, the Moscow Higher Technical School, the Moscow Power Institute, and the Leningrad Electrical Engineering Institute, dispose of vast material values that are worth far more than the fixed assets of many industrial enterprises. The higher schools have thousands of educational, research and production buildings, and hundreds of complex and costly machine-tools and machines on their balance sheets. They have jurisdiction over substantial dwellings, communal facilities, subsidiary farm enterprises, polyclinics, school experimental fields, and training grounds.


The author has recently proposed a method which, given information concerning the relation between the difference of states and the means to be adopted, constructs the quotient problem based on that information and decomposes the given problem into a sequence of subproblems using the solution of the quotient problem. This paper proposes a successive problem decomposition method which, by repeating the decomposition procedures, decomposes the given problem into a sequence of subproblems that is the simplest in the sense that there exists only one difference between the initial state and the goal. A sufficient condition is presented for such a decomposition to be executed. Given a sequence of differences D, the decomposition procedure is represented by an AND/OR sub-problem tree T(D) and a sufficient condition is sought for T(D) to contain a solvable tree. When T(D) contains a solvable tree, it is possible for the proposed successive problem decomposition to decompose the given problem into a sequence of simplest subproblems.


Synthetic cells have a major role in gaining insight into the complex biological processes of living cells; they also give rise to a range of emerging applications from gene delivery to enzymatic nanoreactors. Living cells rely on compartmentalization to orchestrate reaction networks for specialized and coordinated functions. Principally, the compartmentalization has been an essential engineering theme in constructing cell‐mimicking systems. Here, efforts to engineer liquid–liquid interfaces of multiphase systems into membrane‐bounded and membraneless compartments, which include lipid vesicles, polymer vesicles, colloidosomes, hybrids, and coacervate droplets, are summarized. Examples are provided of how these compartments are designed to imitate biological behaviors or machinery, including molecule trafficking, growth, fusion, energy conversion, intercellular communication, and adaptivity. Subsequently, the state‐of‐art applications of these cell‐inspired synthetic compartments are discussed. Apart from being simplified and cell models for bridging the gap between nonliving matter and cellular life, synthetic compartments also are utilized as intracellular delivery vehicles for nuclei acids and nanoreactors for biochemical synthesis. Finally, key challenges and future directions for achieving the full potential of synthetic cells are highlighted.


Most traditional expression classification systems track facial component regions such as eyes, eyebrows, and mouth for feature extraction. This paper utilized facial components to locate dynamic facial textures such as frown lines, nose wrinkle patterns, and nasolabial folds to classify facial expressions. Adaboost using Haar-like feature and Active Shape Model (ASM) are adopted to accurately detect face and acquire important facial feature regions. Gabor filter and Laplacian of Gaussian are used to extract texture information in the acquired feature regions. These texture feature vectors represent the changes of facial texture from one expression to another expression. Support Vector Machine is deployed to classify the six facial expression types including neutral, happiness, surprise, anger, disgust, and fear. Cohn-Kanade database was used to test the feasibility of proposed method and the average recognition rate reached 91.7%.


Recent research has led to a greatly increased understanding of the uncertainties in today's climate models. In attempting to predict the climate of the 21st century, we must confront not only computer limitations on the affordable resolution of global models, but also a lack of physical realism in attempting to model key processes. Until we are able to incorporate adequate treatments of critical elements of the entire biogeophysical climate system, our models will remain subject to these uncertainties, and our scenarios of future climate change, both anthropogenic and natural, will not fully meet the requirements of either policymakers or the public. The areas of most-needed model improvements are thought to include air-sea exchanges, land surface processes, ice and snow physics, hydrologic cycle elements, and especially the role of aerosols and cloud-radiation interactions. Of these areas, cloud-radiation interactions are known to be responsible for much of the inter-model differences in sensitivity to greenhouse gases. Recently, we have diagnostically evaluated several current and proposed model cloud-radiation treatments against extensive field observations. Satellite remote sensing provides an indispensable component of the observational resources. Cloud-radiation parameterizations display a strong sensitivity to vertical resolution, and we find that vertical resolutions typically used in global models are far from convergence. We also find that newly developed advanced parameterization schemes with explicit cloud water budgets and interactive cloud radiative properties are potentially capable of matching observational data closely. However, it is difficult to evaluate the realism of model-produced fields of cloud extinction, cloud emittance, cloud liquid water content and effective cloud droplet radius until high-quality measurements of these quantities become more widely available. Thus, further progress will require a combination of theoretical and modeling research, together with intensified emphasis on both in situ and space-based remote sensing observations.


This paper describes women with disabilities who are facing legal cases, most of which are related to cases of sexual violence. The handling of cases of women with disabilities experienced problems, namely: law enforcers did not have a maximum understanding of the disabled; 2) limited access; 3) limited evidence: 4) difficulty communicating; 5) the community does not want to be a witness; 6) length of legal process; 7) lack of knowledge about the law; 8) there is no assistance in the police department during inspections, the examination room is not easily accessible, and the lack of information for victims; 9) the prosecutor does not provide information if the file has been delegated and; 10) judges have difficulty communicating. Therefore, law enforcers must have the same perception of diffables, so that they get legal justice.


Screening in mineral processing is the practice of separating granulated ore materials into multiple particle size fractions, and is employed in most mineral processing plants. Models of screening performance have been developed previously with the aim of improving process efficiency. Different methods have been used, such as physical modelling, empirical modelling, and mathematical modelling including the discrete element method (DEM). These methods have major limitations in practice, and experimental data to validate the models have been difficult to obtain. Currently, the design and scale-up of screens still relies on rules of thumb and empirical factor methods rather than a fundamentally based understanding of the behaviour of the granular system. To go beyond the current state-of-the-art in screen modelling requires a clear understanding of the particle motion along a dynamic (vibrating) inclined plane. Central to this understanding is the notion that granular systems exhibit a unique rheology that is not observed in fluids; i.e. neither Newtonian nor non-Newtonian. It is thus imperative to fully quantify the granular rheology, which is determined by the depth of the particle bed along the screen, the solids concentration, and the average velocity of the granular avalanche on the screen. The concept of granular rheology is important. Existing empirical models of vibrating screens tend to be extremely dependent on boundary conditions of a particular machine design. The concept of granular rheology is important because, akin to fluid flow, granular flow exhibits different flow regimes depending on the extent of energy input in the system. This work employed DEM to quantify the granular rheology of particles moving along a vibrating inclined screen in order to begin the development of a phenomenological model of screening. The model extends the visco-plastic rheology formation of Pouliquen et al. (2006) to capture the kinetic and turbulent stresses obtained in granular flow on an inclined vibrating screen. In general, DEM was employed to develop a mechanistic model of screening which includes a description of the rheology of granular flow on a vibrating screen. Microscopic properties of granular flow were used in DEM to simulate screening of particulate materials. Granular mixtures of two particle constituents (3 mm and 5 mm) were simulated on an inclined vibrating screen of 3.5 mm apertures. For the base case, frequency and amplitude are 4 Hz and 1 mm, respectively. While microscopic properties were employed for the simulation, the properties extracted from the simulations are macroscopic fields which are consistent with the continuum equations of mass, momentum and energy balance. From the continuum equations, a micro-macro transition method called the coarse-graining approach was employed to obtain the volume fraction and the tangential velocity as a function of the depth of flow along the inclined surface. This approach is suitable for this work because the produced fields satisfy the equations of continuum mechanics; even near the base of the flow. The continuum analysis of the flowing layer reveals a coexistence of flow regimes(i) quasi-static, (ii) dense (liquid-like), and (iii) inertial. The regimes are consistent with the measured solids concentrations spanning these regimes on inclined vibrating screens. The quasi-static regime is dominated by frictional stress and corresponds to low inertial number (I). Beyond the quasi-static regime, the frictional stress chains break and the collisional-kinetic and turbulent stress begin to dominate. The variation of the effective frictional coefficient with the inertial number (I) characterises the flow. Finally, an effective frictional coefficient model that is based on frictional, collisionalkinetic and turbulent stress was developed. Data analyses for this model were done at a steady flow in the base case where a coexistence of three flow regimes were observed. It was observed that each regime of flow is dominated by corresponding shear stresses. While the quasi-static regime is dominated by frictional stress, the kinetic and the inertial regimes are dominated by kinetic and turbulent shear stresses, respectively. This model was tested by varying the intensity of vibration in the base case and it was observed that at higher frequencies and amplitudes, the quasi-static regime gradually disappeared. Furthermore, the inertial number at which transition occurs to different regimes varies in response to the intensity of vibration. This is an important step in developing a phenomenological model of screening. The model presents a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms governing transport of granular matter on an inclined vibrating screen. Statement of Originality In granular flow research, a single rheological description of the flow on a vibrating screen has not yet been realised. There has been some progress towards the development of a complete theory describing the behaviour of granular flow along an inclined plane geometry. Many of models of vibrating screens are empirically based, and tend to be extremely dependent on boundary conditions of a particular machine design. This makes it difficult to extrapolate empirical models beyond their specific design. This work uses the physics of particle interactions to model the mechanisms of granular dynamics on an inclined vibrating screen. In order to construct a unifying rheological model that captures the main features of granular flow on a vibrating screen, this work develops a constitutive stress model that captures all the known stresses in the flow and the transitions between the known flow regimes. Analysis of the shear and normal stresses in the different regimes of flow shows the dominant stress and energy dissipation in the system. Discrete particle simulation data were extracted to provide the required closure rules for the rheological model to characterise the granular flow on a vibrating inclined screen. The discrete particle data were analysed with the coarse graining average method to find the continuum fields (of average velocity, volume fraction, and scaled depth of flow from the continuum equations of mass, momentum and energy balance). Similar to the Bagnold profile,there is a relationship between the average velocity and the depth of flow. At steady state, the average velocity of the flow varies as the scaled depth in the form, 〈V 〉 ∝ (h/d)n, where n = 0.4017. The model developed in this work reveals that granular flow on an inclined vibrating screen exhibits different flow regimes and the observed three regimes, quasi-static, kinetic and turbulent were successfully captured by a rheological mesoscopic model. Declaration I hereby declare that the work in this document is expressed in my own words. The use of other author's ideas, equations or expressions in any form within this work is properly acknowledged. The document contains a list of references employed in this study. ....................................................... Olumide O OGUNMODIMU Dedication Unto God Almighty the giver of wisdom, from whose mouth comes knowledge and understanding. I will sing of His mercies forever.


Barcodes are highly relevant in several wireless data transmission techniques. This new approach presents a 2D barcode and compares its performance to other standard methods. The idea of 2-D standardized barcode is of extraordinary importance for use in wireless data transmission between handheld electronic devices. In a common setup, any file or document from one cell phone is transferred to another cell phone as a barcode and it is then captured and decoded through the second call phone. In this paper, a new methodology for data transmission using 2-D barcode is introduced, and its execution is assessed in contrast with other standard methods of barcode modulation. In this advanced technique, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is used together with differential phase shift keying (DPSK) over adjacent frequency domain elements. A particular point of this study is to build up a framework that is demonstrated tolerant to camera movements, picture blur, and light leakage inside neighboring pixels of a LCD.


This paper proposes a method to calculate the transient temperature field and stress field of a working brake disc with 3 dimensional cycle symmetric model. The necessary loads and the boundary conditions in the finite element analysis of temperature field and stress field are discussed and the problem of material non linearity is solved. The 3 dimensional brake plate model is established and by means of large scale finite element software ANSYS a brake plate calculation example is illustrated. Eventually, the calculation results are analyzed in detail and compared also with the experiment data.


Most diseases, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) included, are heterogeneous entities which exhibit varying manifestations in different individuals. Despite this, most pharmacological therapies are administered uniformly based on diagnosis and with little regard to inter-individual differences. The emergence of precision medicine (also referred to as personalised or stratified medicine) has been driven by the recognition that, with advances in biological understanding, a one-size-fits-all approach to medical therapy is increasingly inappropriate.1 It is anticipated that the introduction of tailored therapy will improve treatment outcomes, reduce side effects, prevent unnecessary exposure to ineffective therapies and save money through more efficient use of healthcare resources. Such is the current enthusiasm for personalised medicine that, in the United States, President Obama is spearheading a $300 million Precision Medicine Initiative.2

Factors determining an individual's response to a specific pharmacotherapy can be separated in to those which are patient-specific and those which are disease-specific. The pharmacokinetics of many drugs are influenced by a variety of patient-specific factors including age, gender, ethnicity, weight, body fat composition and co-morbid conditions (especially renal or hepatic disease). The growing field of pharmacogenomics has led to the discovery of genetic factors which determine individual variability in absorption, metabolism and clearance of drugs. Differences in hepatic enzymes such at the cytochromes can result in vastly different drug exposures between individuals given identical doses of the same drug. An example of pharmacogenomics entering routine clinical practice is the measurement of thiopurine methyltransferase (TMPT) levels prior to administration of thiopurine drugs such …


B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease with highly variable clinical courses which can be at least in part foreseen by investigating the expression of known prognosticators, including the IGHV gene mutational status or CD38/ZAP-70 expression. By analysing the coordinated expression of several surface antigens in a series of CLL with known clinical courses, we identified the simultaneous over-expression of CD38 and CD49d as part of the signature characterizing the subgroup with the worst outcome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between CD49d and other well-established biologic prognosticators (CD38 and ZAP-70 expression, IGHV gene mutational status), or markers of tumor burden (Rai clinical stage, beta2-M, sCD23), and to define the independent prognostic impact of CD49d in predicting overall survival (OS) and disease progression (evaluated as time-to-treatment, TTT) in CLL patients. The study includes samples from 303 patients affected by CLL according to the current diagnostic criteria (median age: 63.5 years, range 32–97). The entire cohort of patients was utilized to investigate the impact of CD49d and other prognosticators (CD38, ZAP-70, IGHV gene mutational status) on OS. TTT information and additional laboratory parameters (beta2-M, sCD23) were available for 232/303 patients, whose therapies were established according to NCI-WG criteria. CD49d expression was determined by three-color flow cytometry combining anti-CD49d, anti-CD19 and anti-CD5 mAbs; its expression was demonstrated to be stable over-time and the 30% of positive CD5+CD19+CLL cells was chosen as cut-off to discriminate CD49dlow from CD49dhigh cases. CD49d, whose expression was strongly associated with that of CD38 (p=2.2×10exp-16) and ZAP-70 (p=2.6×10exp-5), or with IGHV gene status (p=1.1×10exp-6), was independent predictor for OS (HR=4.39; p=0.0081) along with IGHV status (HR=5.54; p=0.0005) or, if this parameter was omitted, with ZAP-70 (HR=2.90; p=0.0092). CD49d also effectively predicted TTT and refined the prognostic relevance of all the investigated prognosticators. Notably, a CD49dhigh phenotype, while not changing the outcome of good prognosis (ZAP-70low, mutated-IGHV) CLL, was necessary to correctly predict the bad clinical courses of ZAP-70high (HR=3.12; p=0.023) or unmutated-IGHV (HR=2.95; p=0.002) cases. These findings support the introduction of CD49d detection in routine prognostic assessment of CLL patients, and suggest both pathogenetic and therapeutic implications for CD49d expression in CLL, e.g. envisioning the use of a humanized anti-CD49d monoclonal antibody, currently employed in multiple sclerosis (Natalizumab), for selcted CLL patients.


The Records of Middle Areas of Xiangjiang River was a geographic book written by Luo Han in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.Characterized by landscape description,this work produced great influence on the rising of Chinese landscape writing.Unfortunately,the original book was lost in about the last period of the Southern Song Dynasty.As the copies of this book are not complete,a further complementary edition is still necessary and important for the research of this work.


The exchange of phosphorus between a bog lake and its surrounding Sphagnum mat and the fate of mat phosphorus entering the limnetic zone of a lake were studied by means of a series of mat-labeling experiments using 32P, and by an analysis of water budgets of the lake and mat. A 2P solution applied directly to the Sphagnum, so as to simulate phosphorus input from rainfall, produced a labeled soluble but biologically refractory phosphorus fraction which persisted in the lake at the initial concentration level for > 16 d. Labeling the interstitial water of the mat directly with 32P produced a labeled particulate fraction which was biologically active and was quickly concentrated in the limnetic food web. Heavy rainfall flushed both labeled components into the lake. The pathway phosphorus takes to enter the lake from the mat was determined by temperature gradients in the mat and the degree of decomposition of the mat material. In early spring, with low water temperatures, phosphorus moves along isotherms from the mat directly to the hypolimnion and bypasses the thermocline. In late spring movement is to the epilimnion and thermocline. The maxi- mum phosphorus concentrations in the mat were above a compacted zone at the 2-m depth. This maximum coincided with an open-water phosphorus maximum at 2 m, which indicated that there were frequent inputs of mat phosphorus to this stratum. The direction of net phosphorus movement was largely controlled by the water balance of the system. During periods of high precipitation, low temperatures, and low evapotranspiration, as was found in early spring, net phosphorus movement was toward the lake. During midsummer high evapo- transpiration of the mat vegetation increased the storage capacity of the mat. This reduced phosphorus flow toward the lake so that net flow was often toward the mat.


Introduction: Assessment of intravascular volume are essential in improving the patient's condition during critical care, but no single standard examination is ideal. Sonographic examination is emerging as a potential non-invasive diagnostic tool for assessing intravascular fluid status by measuring IVC diameter. Objective: To determine correlation between Central Venous Pressure and Inferior Vena Cava Collapsibility Index to assess volume status of critically ill patients in ICU care. Methods: This is an observational analytic study, with cross sectional method which performed at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan in July-September 2020. Samples were patients aged 18-65 years, with a BMI of 18-30, hospitalized in ICU with central venous catheter. Exclusion criteria were patients with heart defects and pregnant women. The study conducted by examining value of central venous pressure in patients who were admitted to the ICU, then assessing inferior vena cava collapsibility index using Doppler ultrasound. Then, an assessment correlation inferior vena cava collapsibility index and central vena pressure was assessed using the Pearson Correlation test or independent T-test. Results: This study was followed by 31 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Based on characteristics of sample, sample mean age was 43.45 ± 16.7 years with p = 0.069 and number of female samples was 17 samples (54.8%). There was a correlation between IVC CI and CVP with r = -0.937 and p = 0.001, which means there is a strong negative correlation between it and statistically significant. In addition, in correlation between IVC CI and CVP values on use of mechanical ventilation, there was no statistically significant difference in IVC CI values in mechanically ventilated sample with sample not using mechanical ventilation (p = 0.250). Conclusion: There is a strong negative correlation between inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVC CI) and central venous pressure (CVP) in assessment of volume status patients hospitalized in ICU.


Business processes reflect the nature and the reason of existence of the organization. They determine the structure of information system that supports them. There from comes the importance of business processes, as well as culture and technology within the organization. Nowadays, when organizations are under great pressure from competitive market and changes in the environment, the capability of changing its own processes through digital transformation paradigm will play the main role in sustaining the organization's position on the market. Although digital transformation is a contemporary term, it covers the usage of existing methods from different areas like business processes, management by measurement, organizational culture etc. The way we see business processes is usually through process models. Regardless the notification we use, these models help in understanding the way organization does its business and are the basis for the work optimization/redesign, activity-based costing analysis, or the development of information system's architecture. This paper proposes a set of methods related to business processes that can be used in digital transformation of the organization itself or digital transformation of virtual organization encompassing all the members of industry product or service value chain.


I examine long-term academic performance and college going for students affected by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Students who are forced to switch schools due to the hurricanes experience sharp declines in test scores in the first year following the hurricanes. However, by the third and fourth years after the disaster, evacuees displaced from Orleans Parish see a 0.18 standard deviation improvement in scores. Gains are concentrated among students initially in the lowest quintiles of the test score distribution. Katrina evacuees do not show gains in college going relative to earlier cohorts from their same pre-hurricane high schools. (JEL I20, Q54, R23).


It is generally known that in hypertensive individuals, exercise induces exaggerated increase in arterial blood pressure and in turn this dangerous elevation may increase the risks for myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, or stroke. However, it has still not been investigated whether the exaggerated cardiovascular responses occur in prehypertension and these excessive responses are mediated by exercise pressor reflex overactivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise pressor reflex on the cardiovascular responses when exercise intensity increased from rest through low exercise intensity to high exercise intensity. Twenty young, fit people (10 normotension and 10 prehypertension) with normal body fat percentage were recruited for this study. All subjects were instrumented to measure the cardiovascular responses at rest and during exercise. A catheter to collect blood samples was inserted into left brachial vein. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly higher in prehypertension across workloads compared to the normotension. Stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) were significantly increased in both groups with increasing workloads, but SV and CO were significantly higher in prehypertension. There was no difference in total vascular conductance in both groups. Thus, exaggerated blood pressure responses were mediated via increases in CO. This study suggests that the excessive cardiovascular responses to exercise in prehypertension may be due to dysfunction of exercise pressor reflex.


cells to synthetize PAF in vivo. However, the inhibitory effect of plasma al-proteinase inhibitor may be ab-rogated by oxidative inactivation due to a concomitant stimulation of mesangial cell respiratory burst or in zones of close contact among cells or matrix, which have been shown to exclude antiproteinases. ABSTRACT Rat mesangial cells stimulated


The objective of this work is to analyze the behavior of dog pet owners, their relationship and responsibility with these and their community. Likewise, the importance of citizen culture in relation to educational processes for improving the quality of life of canines is analyzed. To this end, an instrument was developed that allowed the investigation of responsible pet ownership (TRM) and was applied to 518 holders of between 16 and 34 years old studying in a higher education institution. The students belonged to strata 1, 2, 3 and 4 enrolled in the programs of health sciences (79.5%) and social work 19.1%. Among the most relevant results, it was found that 70.4% adopted their pets, while only 22.2% opted to buy them in a cattery or on the street. It was also found that 52.1% (n = 270) and 31.1% (n = 161) always and generally, respectively, are responsible for providing basic health care. Also if they have received information about TRM, to which 30.5%, 29% and 23.9% affirmed that always, generally or some. Also shown 23.9%, 24.1% and 29.7% where always, sometimes and generally, respectively, received information on diseases had transmitted by insects, fleas, etc. These results demonstrate a low awareness, where the expression of the citizen culture in the respondents reflects little transformation of some behaviors through the main tool that is education as adaptation and mutual relationship between the animal Man and strengthen the sociocultural relationship.


A recent essay on climate change adaptation (CCA) mentions an instance of urban flooding that highlights the stakes of uneven climate protection regimes (Yarina, 2018). In the 2011 flooding of the Chao Phraya delta in Thailand that killed over 800 people, the King's dyke protecting the Bangkok metropolitan area kept the capital dry, while the displaced floodwaters made conditions in peripheral districts worse. Protesting inhabitants from these districts descended on the protected areas, opening the floodgates and tearing holes in the sandbag walls, while the prime minister counselled them to think of the national good. If the city centre flooded, she said, it would cause "foreigners to lose confidence in us and wonder why we cannot save our own capital" (Yarina, 2018, p. 1). The example asks us to urgently and critically consider the way our cities are constructed: city peripheries or peri-urban spaces often exist in an exploitative relationship with the urban, and this inequity could be further exacerbated by the effects of climate change and climate change adaptation (CCA) policies. In India, a new wave of farmers' movements has taken centre stage, as thousands of farmers marching on cities have captured the public attention and forced us to acknowledge what should have been apparent from the epidemic proportions of farmer suicides every year: that there is a deep structural crisis in Indian agriculture. Yadav (2017) states that the crisis is three-fold: economic, ecological and existential. The economic crisis comprises the volatility of market prices, the stagnation of


Noise is an inarticulate stimulus that threatens health and well-being. It compromises audition and induces a strong stress response that activates the brain at several levels. In the present study, we expose male and female rats to environmental noise in order to investigate if acute or chronic stimulation produces differential brain activation patterns. The animals were exposed to a rat's audiogram-fitted adaptation of a noisy environment and later sacrificed to quantify the expression of the brain activity marker c-fos. Additionally, the serum corticosterone (CORT) levels were measured to elucidate possible the stress-related effects of noise. It was found that environmental noise differentially increased the serum CORT levels in male and female rats. We identified 17 brain regions outside the classical auditory circuits with a high expression of c-fos, including the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, habenular complex, septum, cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens, insular cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. Overall, we evidenced that females exhibit less intense c-fos expression in most of the examined areas. We concluded that females might be less affected by the changes produced by environmental noise.


Matching two regions represented in bathymetric data that have some form of geographical overlapping is an important and challenging aspect in underwater mapping. It is important because of the possible error in estimating the geographical location of each point underwater. It is challenging due to the size of the acquired bathymetric data points. The matching could also play a vital role in the registration of underwater images and/or maps fusion, if both bathymetric and intensity scans are considered. Compared to the exhaustive search that requires polynomial time, O(n2), an efficient bathymetric matching algorithm is proposed in this work that finds several match-points in linear time, requiring thus O(n) computations. The paper thus presents a new algorithm that allows to compile the bathymetric data of the common areas of two submarine areas that have been sampled in underwater missions.


The nonlinear evolution of thermospheric winds in an ionosphere-magnetosphere coupled model has been studied for the first time for a dynamic unstable auroral-arc environment. We treat the problem using a multi-layer, quasi-three-dimensional model which averages in altitude the thermospheric dynamics over each layer. For the upper thermosphere, we find that (1) the thermosphere can respond to the ionospheric Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability on temporal scales on the order of an hour, depending on ambient conditions, and on spatial scales of tens to hundreds of kilometers, (2) strong thermospheric meridional and zonal vortical flows with embedded nonlinear jet-like structures can be generated by the ionospheric/magnetospheric KH instability and (3) neutral thermospheric winds, vortices, and associated power spectra develop in a distinctly different manner in the presence of magnetospheric coupling effects. Comparison with recent observations is made.


Turbulence is widely recognized as the leading cause of injuries to flight attendants and passengers on commercial air carriers. Turbulence encounters frequently occur in oceanic and remote regions where ground-based observations are sparse, making hazard characterization more difficult, and where current World Area Forecast System products provide only low temporal and spatial resolution depictions of potential hazards. This paper describes a new effort to develop a global diagnosis and forecast system that will augment and enhance international turbulence and convective SIGMETs and provide authoritative global turbulence data for the NextGen 4-D database. This fully automated system, modeled on the FAA's Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG) and GTG Nowcast systems, will provide 3-D probabilistic turbulence nowcasts and forecasts globally above 10,000 feet MSL for 0-36 hour lead times, comprehensively addressing clear-air turbulence (CAT), mountain wave turbulence (MWT), and convectively-induced turbulence (CIT). The system will employ NCEP Global Forecast System model output and data from NASA and other national and international satellite assets to produce the CAT and MWT diagnoses based on both model-based turbulence diagnostics and satellite-based turbulence detection algorithms. The convective nowcast methodology makes use of GFS data and operational satellite data from GOES, Meteosat and MTSAT, and will be tuned and verified using data from NASA's TRMM, Cloudsat and MODIS instruments. The convective nowcasts will be coupled with the GFS environmental information to assess the near-term likelihood of CIT. This paper presents an overview of the system elements and initial algorithm development results. Future work will perform additional development and verification using comparisons with automated quantitative in situ turbulence reports, AIREPs and AMDAR data. A real-time demonstration including a webbased display and cockpit uplinks is also planned.


Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis can be treated with high‐dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM/SCT). Risk factors for infections may include hyposplenism, hypogammaglobulinemia, treatment‐related neutropenia, melphalan‐induced mucositis, and nosocomial exposures.


Persistent proteinuria in patients with quiescent lupus can result from membranous lupus nephritis and/or glomerular scarring following previous flares. This pilot study examined the effects of tacrolimus over two years in six patients with membranous/inactive lupus nephritis and persistent proteinuria despite angiotensin inhibition/blockade. Tacrolimus treatment reduced proteinuria and increased serum albumin (time effect, P = 0.047 and 0.032 respectively). Compared with baseline levels, proteinuria improved by more than 50% in five patients (83.3%) and hypoalbuminaemia was corrected in four patients. The efficacy was most prominent in four patients with biopsy-proven membranous lupus nephritis, whose protienuria improved by over 80%. One patient developed biopsy-proven chronic nephrotoxicity after 10 months of tacrolimus treatment, despite non-excessive blood levels. These data suggest that tacrolimus is an effective treatment for proteinuria due to membranous lupus nephritis, but should probably be reserved for patients who are refractory to other non-nephrotoxic treatments, in view of the potential risk of subclinical nephrotoxicity.


Benzaldehyde 1,2-propanediol acetal was synthesized from benzaldehyde and 1,2-propanediol in the presence of SO42-/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3.The factors influencing the synthesis were discussed and the best conditions were found out.The optimum conditions are:molar ratio of benzaldehyde to 1,2-propanediol is 1:1.8,the quantity of catalyst is equal to 1.0% feed stock,and the reaction time is 1.0 h.SO42-/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3 is an excellent catalyst for synthesizing benzaldehyde 1,2-propanediol acetal and its yield can reach over 77.2%.


It is intractable problem to segment the fluorescence image of T-cells with different sizes, irregular shape, and severe overlapping by conventional marker-based watershed segmentation. In this paper, Adaptive Marker-controlled Watershed method (AMWS) will be proposed. The Otsu strategy firstly is performed twice in a row to capture as many T-cells as possible. Then based on T-cells' roundish shape, an improved strategy to obtain markers adaptively is present using the evaluation of the segmentation result. This strategy is able to mark the single cell and the overlapping cells accurately. It avoids the ineffectiveness of ultimate erosion which is due to different sizes of cells. The experimental results show that the proposed strategy in this paper can effectively avoid over-segmentation and under-segmentation thus improves both accuracy and robustness of the segmentation.


Abstract Experiments examined the effect of various relationships between a response (an investment made in the context of a game) and an outcome (a return on the investment) on judgments of the causal effectiveness of the response. In Experiment 1, the time between successive outcomes obtained on a variable ratio (VR) schedule became the successive interval criterion for a yoked variable interval (VI) schedule. Response rates were higher on the VR than the VI schedule. In Experiment 2, the number of responses required per outcome on a VR schedule was matched to that on a master VI 20-s schedule. The ratings of causal effectiveness of the response, and the response rate, were higher in the VR schedule. In Experiment 3, a VI schedule with a reinforcement requirement for a short IRT produced higher response rates and higher causality judgments than a simple VI schedule. These results are taken to corroborate the view that schedules are a determinant of both response rates and causal judgments in humans.


MOS-GTOs represent a new generation of turn-off thyristors offering considerable advantages in the turn-off behaviour as compared to conventional GTOs. However, MOS-GTOs generally require two control electrodes for turn-on, which might be regarded as a disadvantage. This paper shows that in MOS-GTOs with a p-channel cathode structure it is possible to turn the thyristor on and off by controlling only just one MOS gate electrode. As a triggering current for turn-on the MOS capacitance displacement current is used. MOS-GTOs with current gain βnpn = 30 and gate delay times of tgd = 8 µs were realized. Turn-on occurs homogeneously over the entire device. One-dimensional simulations indicate that thyristors with tgd = 1 µs can be realized, provided that βnpn 100.


John Gardner's collection of articles belongs to the finest tradition of analytic jurisprudence. The articles are philosophically challenging and shed light on important issues concerning the nature of law. Gardner does not offer a new 'theory' of law. Rather he primarily aims at saving us from several conceptual confusions which crop up in debates about the nature of law and may even be found at the roots of some theories of law. In my comments I focus on an imaginative and challenging contrast Gardner draws between religion and law, or, to be more precise, between theistic and legalistic belief. The contrast is drawn in the first article of this collection which gives the title to the book: 'Law as a Leap of Faith.' I will explain Gardner's account of the contrast and make some critical remarks about it. Let me start by citing the famous Socratic dilemma as formulated in the Euthyphro (9e1-10a3) which frames Gardner's discussion of the contrast between theistic and legalistic belief:


Objective To investigate the influence of miR -203 on growth and proliferation of human glioma cell line U251.Methods Target of miR - 203 was forecasted by bioinformatics.U251cells were transfected with mimics or expression plasmid of miR - 203 using Lipofectamine 2000. After transfection,mRNA and protein level of target gene survivin was detected by Real -time PCR and Western blot.The ability of miR - 203 was confirmed with dual - luciferase activity assay.Cell growth,proliferation apoptosis and sensitivity to TRAIL and celecoxib were determined by growth curve,MTT assay and flow cytometry.Results Predicting outcomes of TargetScan indicated that survivin was target of miR - 203.After over - expression of miR - 203,Real - time PCR and Western blot showed that mRNA and protein level of survivin were down - regulated,respectively ( P < 0.05 ). Dual - luciferase activity assay demonstrated that survivin was direct target of miR -203.Growth curve and MTT assay revealed that growth and proliferation ability of miR - 203 group were significantly suppressed ( P < 0.05 ),and sensitivity to TRAIL and celecoxib was increased.U251cells transfected miR -203 had a higher proportion of apoptosis than control group ( P <0.01).Conclution miR- 203 is an "anti -proliferation and pro- apoptosis"miRNA which can specifically inhibit survivin expression.In the future,miR -203 may be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in glioma.

Key words:
MicroRNA - 203; Glioma; Survivin; Cell growth; Cell proliferation


[Objective]The research aimed to provide the scientific basis for the application aspect of the organic fertilizer with biogas residue.[Method]A kind of coated organic fertilizer was prepared,with biogas residue as the raw material,supplemented by the inorganic N,P,K fertilizer additives,and with 10% concentration of AGAR and 10% concentration of PVA as the coated materials.Then an application research in the greenhouse was carried out.[Result]This kind of homemade coated organic fertilizer could improve the yield of the pakchoi obviously.The yield of coated organic fertilizer with AGAR was increased by 371.36%.The yield of coated organic fertilizer with PVA was increased by 245.50%.The yield of not coated organic fertilizer was increased by 312.07%.[Conclusion]This study could provide scientific basis for preparing and application of biogas residue coated organic fertilizer.


Summary The heterologous transplantation of the Brown-Pearce tumor has been described. The tumor was successfully transplanted to the eyes, testicles and subcutaneous tissues of mice, hamsters and rats, but failed to grow at any site in guinea pigs.


In this study, major phenolic compounds, major carotenoids and L-ascorbic acid change of fuyu (non-astringent) and hachiya (astringent) cultivars of persimmon were studied by HPLC during ripening period. Especially in hachiya cv, known to be astringent, phenolic compounds decreased from 3747,0 mg/kg to 132,05 mg/kg at the end of ripening. The highest value of phenolic compounds was 84,7 mg/kg during ripening, decreasing to 39,6 mg/kg for fuyu cv. Carotenoids steadily increased to 36,5 mg/kg and 73,5 mg/kg at the end of ripening in fuyu and hachiya cvs, respectively. L-ascorbic acid amount decreased to 15,4 mg/kg in fuyu cv but increased to 15,9 mg/kg in hachiya cv at the end of ripening.


The crime is evolving every day , there are new criminal modus operandi and the police it is insufficient to counter the criminal threat, as well as alerts where employers should take steps to counter the criminal scourges are generated from this point of view security vendors to prepare and update the training of men based safety training as a tool to achieve the difference with other companies . Knowledge is one of the most important resources in security strategies , one of which is the assessment and identification of the risks that we generate impact on our security.


Dental extractions are common. Atraumatic extractions utilizing various technologies are said to protect paradental structures. The new physics forceps can extract the teeth without stress. Objective: To compare the efficacy of physics versus conventional forcep in extraction of mandibular first molar. Methods: Patients aged 18 t0 40 requiring extraction of mandibular first molar were included in the study. The efficacy of extraction was evaluated based on bone loss, soft tissue tear, time required for extraction, postoperative pains, and root fracture. The participants were divided into two groups (Physics forcep and conventional forcep) using block randomization technique, and the pain and time between both groups were compared using independent samples t-test. Results: The two groups had a mean age of 2.85 ± 0.355 years. Physics Forceps (n=1, 6.7%) caused less soft tissue tears than Conventional Forceps (n=14, 93.3%) (p=0.01). 55.5% of the Physics Forceps group and 44.5% of the Conventional Forceps group took more than 10 minutes to extract (p=0.045). Physics Forceps had a greater rate of complete success (p=0.043) than Conventional forceps (p=0.043). In terms of overall instrument utility, physics forceps scored better than Conventional forces in both good and average scores (p=0.021). The difference in mean pain score in the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.0018) at day 3 and day 7 (p=0.0001) being lower in physic forcep. Conclusions: Physics forceps are a more favorable substitute to traditional forceps for atraumatic tooth extraction.


The general medical, general dental, pharmaceutical, and eye services under the Health Services Acts are administered in N. Ireland by the General Health Services Board. It consists of a chairman, vice-chairman, and 22 other members appointed by the Minister of Health and Local Government. The members include persons appointed after consultation with the professions concerned, the health authorities, the hospitals authority, and other interested bodies. Not less than one-half of the 22 members are persons recognized by the Minister as representative of the professions and not less than one-quarter


ABSTRACT In this article, an analytical method for radar electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in complex environment is proposed to deal with the radar system-level EMC problem. The complete procedure of this method includes two steps: multi-coupling paths model and assessment methodology. In the first step, several coupling paths are mainly considered based on the electromagnetic topology (EMT) analysis with numerical calculation method, to get the interference from external and internal environment. The coupling coefficients are calculated to get the coupling power. The second step is to evaluate and quantify the effect of interference on radar performance. The radar EMC assessment methodology with the role of radar distance attenuation model is further presented. As a result, this process can easily get the influence to each radar and all radars from different paths and sources in same frequency band, even the radar system in different frequency bands. The rationality and flexibility of every step in this method is validated with other methods.


Over the last few years, a number of repositories of information relevant to the computing education community have come online, each with different content and purpose. In this special session, we present an overview of these repositories and the content that each provides. Demonstrations of the functionality of the repositories will be shown and attendees are encouraged to come with their questions and suggestions for improvement if they are currently users of the repositories.


Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the efficacy of commonly used timolol and latanoprost as first line drugs in terms of intra ocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP).
Methods: This was an open-labeled, randomized, and prospective study conducted in the outpatient department of ophthalmology. Newly diagnosed patients were recruited into the study. A total of 60 patients were recruited into our study and were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into two groups of 30 each to receive either timolol 0.5% eye drops twice daily (Group 1) or latanoprost 0.005% eye drops once daily in the evening for a period of 6 weeks (n=30/group). A baseline general ophthalmic examination was done, and the patients were followed up at week 4 and week 6.
Results: Latanoprost has a greater IOP lowering effect in patients with primary open angle glaucoma as compared to timolol and also concurrently increases Ocular perfusion pressure to a larger extent as compared to timolol.
Conclusion: Latanoprost (left eye: 18.47 and right eye: 18.36) has a greater IOP lowering effect in patients with primary open angle glaucoma as compared to timolol (left eye: 20.4 and right eye: 20.7). Latanoprost (left eye: 57.13 and right eye: 57.20) also concurrently increases ocular perfusion pressure to a larger extent as compared to timolol (left eye: 54.15 and right eye: 55.33).


OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical effect of inhalation of ribavirin combined with Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid in the treatment of herpetic stomatitis.METHODS 80 cases with herpetic stomatitis treated in our department during May 2009-May 2010 were randomly divided into two groups: observed group and control group,40 patients in observed group were treated with inhalation of ribavirin combined with Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid,40 cases in control group with inhalation of ribavirin.Then the clinical efficacy and the adverse reactions of these two groups were observed.RESULTS The significant efficiency and total efficiency of the observed group were higher than those of the control group with significant differences(P0.01).CONCLUSION The treatment of inhalation of ribavirin combined with Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid in the treatment of herpetic stomatitis was short lasting,quick,safe and reliable,which is worthy of clinical application.