Rationale: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia can be complicated by secondary bacterial or fungal infections, but their clinical distinction from isolated SARS-CoV-2 infection is challenging, especially with the more restricted practices regarding invasive diagnostics in patients with COVID-19. We sought to comprehensively screen for secondary infections by DNA pathogens (bacterial, fungal or viral) with a non-invasive, culture-independent metagenomic approach (microbial cell-free DNA sequencing-mcfDNA-Seq), and also examine for the biologic impact of circulating mcfDNA on the host response in COVID-19. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 42 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and compared them with a historical cohort of mechanically-ventilated patients with culture-positive (n=27) vs. culture-negative pneumonia (n=40) or no clinical infection (n=16 controls). From plasma samples, we performed mcfDNA-Seq with the Karius test (Karius, Inc) and measured 10 host-response biomarkers of innate immunity and epithelial/endothelial injury (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, RAGE, TNFR1, Angiopoietin-2, Procalcitonin, Fractalkine, Pentraxin-3, ST2). We compared mcfDNA-Seq between clinical groups and examined associations of mcfDNA and biomarker levels with linear regression models. Results: McfDNA-Seq was successful in 33/42 (79%) baseline samples from patients with COVID-19, with nine samples failing QC requirements. McfDNA was detectable in 21/33 (64%) of COVID-19 samples, a proportion significantly lower to culture-positive pneumonia (96%), higher than uninfected controls (31%) and similar to culture-negative pneumonia (56%) (between-groups Fisher's exact p<0.001). A similar distribution was seen for mcfDNA levels, with mcfDNA load in COVID-19 being similarly distributed as non-COVID culture-negative pneumonia (Figure 1A). Among patients with COVID-19, mcfDNA was significantly associated with higher levels of host-response biomarkers (Figure 1B), with stronger effect sizes observed for biomarkers of innate immunity (IL-8 and ST2) and bacterial infections (procalcitonin and pentraxin-3). Conclusions: Plasma metagenomics in patients with COVID-19 revealed mcfDNA load of similar magnitude as in critically-ill patients without COVID-19 with clinically suspected infection but negative microbiologic cultures. The significant associations of mcfDNA with host inflammation support the biological relevance of detectable circulating mcfDNA. Our preliminary results warrant further study of secondary infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to define the clinical utility of noninvasive molecular diagnostics for antimicrobial treatment guidance.


A sample of casein, purified by three reprecipitations and extraction with alcohol and ether in the cold, yields on extraction with boiling alcohol and cooling a fat-like substance, which attracted our attention. The crystals obtained proved to be free from nitrogen, melted at 52° and gave no cholesterol reactions. On treatment with boiling alcoholic potash the substance was incompletely saponifiable. Various samples of well purified casein gave 0.5-1 per cent. of this material, whereas A-free casein Harris failed us so far in this respect. The question whether the presence of this fat-like product fed along with the casein, plays a rôle in nutrition experiments, is being taken up in a series of experiments. It follows from the above data, that casein cannot be completely freed from lipins by extraction in cold with alcohol and ether and that the method of purification adopted by the present writer with Macallum (repeated boiling out with alcohol) is probably the most suitable one to use in preparing casein for feeding experiments.


A wiring structure and a semiconductor device comprising the same are provided to prevent a bending effect or disconnection of a nano-wiring by forming a plurality of supporting regions at both ends and/or residual regions except for both sides of the nano-wiring. A wiring structure includes a plurality of first wirings(100). Each of the first wirings includes a first region(1) having a width of several nanometers and several tens nanometers, and a second region(2) having a width larger than the width of the first region. The first wirings are arranged in parallel to each other. Ends of the first wiring are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The second regions are formed at both ends of the first wirings and/or between the first wirings. The second region is composed of a plurality of regions.


ABSTRACT The Indonesian Leaffish,  Pristolepis grooti   is one of  endangered  species found in  some river   system in Indonesia. The demanded and good culture candidate species  for which  the development of larval raring techniques are needed for large scale. A study was conducted to assess the effects  of different type of feeds   on growth and survival rate of the larva for  35 days rearing period. The experiment was designed on completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, each with 3 replications. Four different feeds were tested, viz. AR (Artemia nauplii), TB  (tubificid worms),  WF (Water Flea, Daphnia and Moina) and BE (Boiled chicken egg yolk). Induced bred larvae (10-day old) were reared in 20 liters glass aquarium with a recirculation water system  During the experimental period the larvae were fed to satiation three times a day.  The water quality variables such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, free ammonia, were found within acceptable limit of larval rearing. The larvae fed tubificid worms had significantly highest (P<0.05) growth (percent length gain (423.3±37.3), percent weight gain (13905.5±567.6), specific growth rate (14.1±0.1) and survival (63.3±16.1) followed by Artemia nauplii and  water Flea  and  boiled chickedn egg yolk. Therefore, tubificid worms may be suggested for feeding Indonesian leaffish larvae up to stockable size. Keywords: Pristolepis grootii, feed type, growth and survival, larval rearing


Using a perturbation theory based on the Liouville equation of motion,we analyze the nonlinear response of a three-level model system,after considering the Lorentz local field effect.In the nonlinear optical response,two consecutive coherent pulses with the wave vector k_1 and k_2 generate new light waves in the new directions.The expression for the four-wave mixing signal,a third response,is given by accounting of the Lorentz local field.It is found that an four-wave mixing signal still persists in the direction 2k_2-k_1 for the negative time delay,and the frequency of the four-wave mixing signal has a shift related to the Lorentz local field factor l.


Let d = dim(A) be the dimension, e the multiplicity and h = v(m)−d the embedding codimension of A. We assume that k is a characteristic zero field (see the comment after Proposition 2.3). A classical problem in the theory of local rings is the determination of the minimal number of generators v(I) := dimk(I/nI) of the ideal I under certain restrictions on the numerical characters of A. For example, by a classical theorem of Abhyankar, we know that e ≥ h+1, and if the equality e = h+1 holds we say that A has minimal multiplicity and we know that v(I) = (


Noble virtues,scientific spirit,strenuous will and research approaches have become the wealth and educational resources.Subject teaching related to some certain contents matched with some science education can result in ideal efficacy.


A program of research was undertaken to study the dynamics of the reactions of ions with atomic and molecular free radicals, using a merged molecular beam technique. The objectives of this research are to obtain fundamental information on reaction mechanisms in reactions of species having open-shell electronic configurations, and to investigate the importance of electronic nonadiabaticity in chemical reactions. During the past contract year D/sub 2//sup +/ + O(/sup 3/P) ..-->.. OD/sup +/ + D and D/sub 2//sup +/ + C(/sup 3/P) ..-->.. CD/sup +/ + D over the range of initial relative kinetic energy from 0.002 eV to 27 eV were completed. In order to interpret this and future data, also a theoretical study of the long-range interactions of ions with open-shell atoms was performed, permitting quantitative description of the effect of the atomic quadrupole moment on the low energy reaction cross section, and to determine the influence of the electronic orbital angular momentum projection quantum number of the reactivity.


structure is given topographic expression. They are the processes by means of which adaptation of surface to structure is effected. Their role in the evolution of land? scapes on a series of alternating weak and resistant beds has long been appreciated. The differing topographic expressions of sub-parallel rock outcrops on a maturely dissected coastal plain have long been attributed to sub-surface weathering and surficial erosion of materials more or less amenable to break-down and removal. Thus the structurally adapted cuesta landscapes of the English Plain are recognized as witnesses of the efficacy of these processes on simply disposed but varied Mezozoic and Tertiary sediments. But an appraisal of the significance of these processes in regions of more complex structure has yet to be made, and it is as a contribution to that study that this paper is offered. It is based on the results of observations carried out on the Dartmoor tract of the oldland of south-west England. In so far as such oldlands are concerned the effects of differential weathering and erosion are most commonly conceived on two very different scales. Differential erosion is invoked to account for major differences of form and relief as between one assemblage of associated land forms {i.e. one morphological region) and the next. For example, in south-west England the Dartmoor upland as a whole is generally recog? nized as an impressive product of differential erosion. Indeed, differential denudation is the process or group of processes by whose means are created the tracts in Professor Linton's hierarchy of morphological regions (Linton, 1951). At the other extreme in geomorphological study, differential weathering is credited with the execution of the finest details of surface form, like the irregularities of the jagged out? line of a ridge crest or the diminutive rock basins which pit the surface of some granite slabs on Dartmoor {i.e. with the decorative etching of the individual land form). But with a few noteworthy exceptions like that of Professor Linton's treatment of the origin of tors (Linton, 1955) there have been no records or discussions of the effects of differential denudation at an intermediate level in the landscape. Its roles in land form creation as in landscape modification have largely escaped notice; conse? quently its significance in the morphological evolution of oldlands has frequently been overlooked. Basic elements in the morphology of Dartmoor.?The chief features of the Dartmoor landscape are too well known to require detailed enumeration. Best known are the tors which, as Linton has shown, are examples par excellence of differential etching. But the summit tor is a residual element of the landscape whose presence betokens a differential lowering of the surface of sound granite: its complement on the Moor is the "basin"?a relatively broad, shallow, saucer-like depression. These two land forms?basin and tor?are ubiquitous over the greater part of the upland. It is of no little significance that they are absent from the central parts of the northern and southern plateaus whereon are preserved substantial relics of the southward sloping surface of the block from which the existing landscape has been fashioned.


Strength and dynamic fatigue data for two different edge finishes of float glass were measured using a special test fixture which permits 4-point bending in the vertical plane thereby stressing all edge flaws in the load span region uniformly. The fatigue behavior of these relatively large flaws was found to be similar to that of scratch type surface flaws reported in the literature.


Renal fibrosis, the ultimate common pathway of progressive nephropathy, is characterized by excess accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the renal interstitium and glomeruli, finally resulting in end‐stage kidney failure. TGFβ1 is not only abnormally increased during fibrosis but also involved in ECM induction and accumulation. Based on the bioinformative analyses, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway might be involved in TGFβ1 functions on renal fibrosis development. In the present study, fibrosis was induced in HK‐2 cells using TGFβ1 and PTEN expression was significantly suppressed by 24 or 48 hours TGFβ1 treatment. PTEN overexpression in HK‐2 cells improved TGFβ1‐induced fibrosis within α‐SMA and E‐cadherin. According to the KEGG signaling pathway annotation analyses on microarray profiles (GSE23338 and GSE20247) and immunoblotting validation, FAK signaling might be involved in PTEN functions in TGFβ1‐induced fibrosis. PTEN overexpression significantly inhibited TGFβ1‐ or unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‐induced FAK signaling pathway activation both in vitro and in vivo; more importantly, PTEN silence enhanced TGFβ1‐ or UUO‐induced fibrosis, while FAK inhibitor PF567721 significantly reversed the effects of PTEN silence, indicating that PTEN exerted its effects on TGFβ1‐ and UUO‐induced fibrotic development in vitro and in vivo via inhibiting FAK signaling pathway. In summary, these findings indicate that PTEN could improve cellular fibrotic changes and renal fibrosis via inhibiting FAK/AKT signaling pathway. Restoring PTEN expression to target FAK/AKT signaling pathway might be a potent strategy for renal fibrosis treatment.


A pilot of a field-based, research experience in Earth Science teacher education program was conducted for a cohort of secondary science teachers from Prince George's County, Maryland. The goal of this M.Ed. degree program at Loyola College in Maryland was to produce well-prepared, scientifically and technologically literate Earth Science teachers, through a teaching- and research-oriented partnership between in-service teachers and a university scientist-educator. Program participants were exposed to a broad background in field-based instruction in physical, historical, and environmental aspects of Earth Science content and teaching methods, followed by participation in an authentic, technology-rich field research project. Attrition rates were initially high, as some participants had difficulty with the logistics and conditions of working in field settings. The pilot program was successful, however, in achieving its goal of preparing quality Earth Science teachers through field research experiences. Participants have become confident and innovative in their Earth Science teaching and have developed effective field-based curricula for their own classrooms. The participants have published and presented the results of their societally-relevant geologic study at national and international conferences, contributing to the body of Earth Science knowledge, locally and globally.


Scheduling algorithms in WiMAX are of great importance due to their effect in delivering a high speed broadband while satisfying the traffic Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. A well designed scheduling algorithm should carefully deal with throughput maximization, delay constraints satisfaction and maintaining fairness among subscribers. This paper focuses on uplink (UL) scheduling effect on the performance of real time Polling Services (rtPS) QoS class performance using OFDM as a physical layer where rtPS is a service class for variable bit rate (VBR) data such as MPEG compressed video. Ensuring QoS constraints for rtPS class is challenging due to critical delay constraints and throughput requirements. The paper proposes an uplink scheduling algorithm called the Instantaneously Replacing Algorithm (IRA). The algorithm mainly schedules connections based on their Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) but instantaneously replaces high SNR connections with connections that may violate their intended QoS requirements. The proposed algorithm is analyzed in the paper using an NS-2 simulation model. Comparing to another set of UL schedulers, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm enhances QoS Satisfaction in the network as it tends to minimize the delay and at the same time distribute the network resources in a fair manner among Subscriber Stations (SSs) while maintaining a throughput comparable to that achieved using SNR based approaches.


The theoretical analysis,finite element analysis and test simulation are carried out on three stage cylinder head of reciprocating piston high-pressure compressor.The analysis shows that this structural cylinder head has a stress concentration area due to the connecting bolt pre-tightening force and it may cause fracture in cylinder head when unreasonable assembly.Some measures are recommended,such as adopt amendment assembly process,change material and so on,to reduce equipment fatigue accident.


...........................................................................................................................................5 Problem Identification.....................................................................................................................6 Problem Statement...............................................................................................................7 Evidence of the Problem......................................................................................................8 Review of the Literature................................................................................................................11 Collaboration.....................................................................................................................11 Coordination of Care.........................................................................................................13 Education...........................................................................................................................14 Internet Education and Pediatric Health Providers...............................................14 Pilot Objectives...............................................................................................16 Project Model Theory....................................................................................................................17 Project Description.........................................................................................................................18 Aims and Goals..................................................................................................................18 Measurement.........................................................................................19 Description of Pilot............................................................................................................19 Pre-Launch of Pilot...................................................................................20 Timeline.............................................................................................................................21 Table 1: Preparatory and Pilot Timeline Activities..............................................21 Costs and Benefits..............................................................................................................23 Table 2: Projected Costs of Pilot.......................................................................................23 Table 3: Projected Costs and Benefits of Post-Program..........................................23 NETWORK OF LEARNING FOR PEDIATRIC PALLITIVE CARE 3 Evidence of Stakeholder Support...................................................................................................24 Implementation and Monitoring............................................................................24 Evaluation of the Project....................................................................................25 Collaborative Communication Tool..............................................................25 Descriptive Data....................................................................................26 Invitation and Responses............................................................................26 Table 4: Descriptive Data of Invitations and Response..........................................26 Demographic Data..................................................................................27 MIIC Survey..........................................................................................27 Figure 1: Weekly Responses and Views...........................................................29 Qualitative Data.......................................................................................30 E-Learning Guide....................................................................................30 Instructional Analysis..............................................................................30 Learning Objectives........................................................................32 Site Evaluation.......................................................................................33 Project Model Theory Evaluation.........................................................34 Post-Project Plans............................................................................................36 Table 5: Updated Cost of the Pilot Program........................................................37 Concluding Discussion..............................................................................................37 References......................................................................................................................................40 NETWORK OF LEARNING FOR PEDIATRIC PALLITIVE CARE 4 Appendices....................................................................................................................................47 Appendix A........................................................................................................................47 Appendix B........................................................................................................................49 Appendix C........................................................................................................................51 Appendix D........................................................................................................................53 Appendix E........................................................................................................................54 Appendix F.........................................................................................................................55 Appendix G........................................................................................................................57 Appendix H........................................................................................................................58 Appendix I...........................................................................................59 Appendix J............................................................................................63 Appendix K..........................................................................................64 NETWORK OF LEARNING FOR PEDIATRIC PALLITIVE CARE 5


Summary: The formation of cerebral edema and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation are a result of cerebral ischemia. Pharmacological strategies to reverse or minimize acute ischemic brain injury include "antiplatelet" agents, anticoagulants, and thrombolytics. However, these therapies have either exhibited undesirable side effects or are not cost-effective for the common people. We report here the neuroprotective effects of three herbs Rubia cordifolia (RC), Fagonia cretica linn (FC) and Tinospora cordifolia (TC) as potent anti-inflammatory agents in view of their ability to downregulate the expressions of COX2 and VCAM genes and upregulate VEGF expression and inhibit platelet aggregation induced by multiple agonists in hypoxic-ischemic hippocampal slices. All the three herbs exhibited appreciable anti-inflammatory properties. Industrial relevance: The above work will lead to development of new anti-inflammatory drugs with less toxic preparations and has the potential to generate employment among people who will go farming of such medicinal plants.


This paper presents the analysis of tensile strength on various layer stack sequence of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). FRP is a composite material which made of hardened or room temperature treated resin as medium. The FRP is composed with particular reinforcement materials in order to evaluate the strength. The specimens or samples were made from different combination of FRP materials which involved resin, tissue mat, chopped strand mat, woven roving, resin, catalyst, and colour pigment. The Tensile Test is carried out based on the Axial Stress Test for the same size specimen in five different combination of materials. This study has identified that the combination of Specimen 3, which combined woven roving, resin and colour pigment as the FRP materials has acquired the highest tensile strength.


Fundus camera imaging can be used to examine the retina to detect disorders. Similar to looking through a small keyhole into a large room, imaging the fundus with an ophthalmologic camera allows only a limited view at a time. Thus, the generation of a retinal montage using multiple images has the potential to increase diagnostic accuracy by providing larger field of view. A method of mosaicing multiple retinal images using the radial distortion correction (RADIC) model is proposed in this paper. Our method determines the inter-image connectivity by detecting feature correspondences. The connectivity information is converted to a tree structure that describes the spatial relationships between the reference and target images for pairwise registration. The montage is generated by cascading pairwise registration scheme starting from the anchor image downward through the connectivity tree hierarchy. The RADIC model corrects the radial distortion that is due to the spherical-to-planar projection during retinal imaging. Therefore, after radial distortion correction, individual images can be properly mapped onto a montage space by a linear geometric transformation, e.g. affine transform. Compared to the most existing montaging methods, our method is unique in that only a single registration per image is required because of the distortion correction property of RADIC model. As a final step, distance-weighted intensity blending is employed to correct the inter-image differences in illumination encountered when forming the montage. Visual inspection of the experimental results using three mosaicing cases shows our method can produce satisfactory montages.


Objective To explore the time of surgery about gallstone combine pancreatitis. MethodsRetrospective analyzed clinical data of 90 patients with gallstone combine pancreatitis. Results After two weeks of conservative treatment, 52 patients accepted laparoscopic cholecystectomy(38 cases) or open cholecystectomy(14 cases). 8 cases combined with severe obstructive jaundice underwent emergency laparotomy choledochoscopic stone, T-tube drainage.The remaining 30 cases conservative treatment three months later, readmitted under laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All patients were cured. Conclusion Combined with severe gallstone pancreatitis in patients with obstructive jaundice advised early surgery to remove the obstruction. For oozing around the pancreas fewer patients can be treated conservatively, to be stable elective surgery with good Results.


This is a study of several contentious issues in Canadian health policy involving the interaction of public and private payers and for-profit (FP) and not-for-profit (NFP) providers; the influence of health professionals on market structure; and the role of foreign investment. A case study was used, the Ontario physiotherapy market in 2003-2005, with its complex mix of payers and providers and foreign investment opportunities. Key market features were: fragmented but substantial payer influence, effective though uncoordinated cost control across payers, constrained labour supply, and fragmented patient referral sources. These features increased the complexity of providers' interactions with patients and payers, reducing standardization and therefore favouring local, professional-owned small business FP providers (FP/s) for ambulatory care. NFP Hospitals' market share declined. The findings generally confirmed expected behavioural differences between FP and NFP providers but expected differences between investor-owned FP providers (FP/c) and FP/s providers were not generally found. FP/s dominated the market, and FP/c providers appeared to mimic FP/s market behaviours, competing in local sub-markets. With no single or dominant payer, cost control difficulties were expected, but all 11 payer categories (public and private) used various cost control mechanisms, resulting in significant


This paper probes into a new financial management mode, puts forward a reform idea of "separating the financial management from the accounting function, designating the accountants by the finance section of the group company, appointing the accountants by sub- company itself", and discusses on the organizational structure, each section's functions, information transmission, personnel management, and business supervision, etc.


Objective:To probe the changes of SOD,MDA and NO in the brains of VD mice by bovine acidic neuropeptide-1(BANP-1).Methods:Mice were divided into five groups(12in each group).Mice in four groups were made hyperlipid and underwent common carotid artery is chemia and reperfusion.After the operation,BANP-11.5g /kg·d,0.75g /kg·d and0.3g /kg·d was administered orally respectively to the mice in groupsⅢ,ⅣandⅤ.The process lasted for15days,once every day,1ml each time.Then all the mice were decapi tated and the brain was homogenized and centrifu galized for the measurement of SOD,MDA and NO.Results:Compared with that in the normal control group,the activity of SOD in mice of VD model group mice decreased sig nificantly(P0.01),but the content of MDA and NO increased sig-nificantly(P0.01).Compared with that in the VD model group,SOD in the groups given BANP-1increased significantly(P0.01),while MDA and NO decreased significantly(P0.01).Conclusion:BANP-1can sig nifi-cantly in crease the activity of SOD and decrease the con tent of MDA and NO in brains of VD mice.


Containing the papers presented at the Fourth Quinquennial Conference on Ukrainian economics at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University in September 1990, this volume focuses on the Ukrainian economy during the past decade - a period of epochal change. A recurrent theme centres on the nature of the past Ukrainian-Soviet economic relations. Was this relationship exploitative, and if so, to what degree? Each contributor reviews economic trends in Ukraine up to the end of 1990, and analyzes the potential for future Ukrainian economic policy and development. Substantial statistical data and detailed maps support the analyses and place the reader geographically. The contributors to this volume are based in the US, Canada, England, and Ukraine; they represent varying schools of economic thought and employ different methodologies. The discussions at the end of each section introduce issues that are currently of vital importance to Ukraine. With its range of topics and source material, this collection aims to be useful not only to specialists, but also to students and anyone interested in Ukraine today.


Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of drug abuse in Anhui Province and provide scientific data for drug abuse prevention and treatment. Methods:Retrospective investigation and analysis were carried out in 1142 drug abusers who underwent either voluntary and compulsory detoxification during 2005. Results:The majority of the drug abusers in Anhui Province were young,unmarried and unemployed male. Compared with the data of 2004, the following epidemiological characteristics were shown: (1) The number of drug abusers under 20 years old was still high;(2) Female drug abusers increased; (3) Polydrug abuse was serious and more drug varieties appeared;(4) More drug related crimes occurred;(5) Sexual transmitted diseases were increasing in drug abusers. Conclusion:Drug abuse problem is serious in Anhui, which has done great harm to the drug abusers,their families and the society. It suggests that wide and urgent drug prevention education be carried out,especially among the risk population and management for drug abuse be developed.


In this paper, we established a small time large deviation principles for scalar stochastic conservation laws driven by multiplicative noise. The doubling variables method plays a key role.


Objective. This article reviews some of the interesting advances that have taken place in the treatment of chronic lower back discogenic pain and leg pain associated with disk protrusion. Indications, including patient-selection criteria, of selected minimally invasive procedures are discussed.

Design. Comprehensive review.

Results. Several nonsurgical approaches to discogenic pain are described, including minimally invasive annular heating procedures like Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy (Smith and Nephews, London, UK), DiscTrode (Radionics Inc., Burlington, MA) and Intradiscal Biacuplasty (Baylis Medical Inc., Montreal, Canada). Careful selection of the patients may significantly improve the success rates of these procedures. Significant advances in treatment of predominantly leg pain caused by contained disk protrusion are also described. A few percutaneous minimally invasive modalities of discectomy or disk decompression have become therapeutic alternatives to open surgical procedures and may produce similar clinical improvements. In addition, patients may rapidly return to their baseline functional capacity. Unfortunately, there are no good clinical comparison studies or even individual prospective controlled studies to confirm such a claim. Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are established as minimally invasive, interventional techniques that decrease pain and improve function in patients with fractured vertebrae due to osteoporosis and other osseous lesions such as metastases, multiple myeloma, and hemangiomas.

Conclusions. Several percutaneous minimally invasive disk and vertebral procedures for the treatment of back and neck pain were introduced recently. Sufficient clinical evidence to accept these new treatment modalities is still lacking and will probably require years to accumulate.


To investigate turbulence characteristics relative to moving vehicles under cross wind, based on Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis and isotropic turbulence model, formulations for calculating the power spectra of wind turbulence relative to moving vehicles are derived from the Kaimal spectrum of longitudinal wind fluctuation. The results can be applied for any vehicle moving direction, and for both longitudinal and lateral components of wind turbulence. In addition, the turbulence correlation characteristics with respect to moving vehicles are analyzed. The effects of speed ratio of vehicle speed to mean wind speed on the wind spectra and correlation characteristics are investigated. Both the increases in wind power spectrum and correlation contribute to larger aerodynamic forces and wind-induced vehicle vibration as the increasing speed ratio.


Objective: To study the CT findings of mucoceles of paranasal sinuses and assess the diagnostic value. Methods: Thirty-four cases were included in this study, all proved by surgery and pathology. The CT findings of these cases were studied and compared with results of surgery and pathology. Results: ①Location: major lesions were found in frontal sinus and ethmoid sinus(3441). ②CT findings: expansion of sinus cavity and thinning of sinus wall or bony defect. Change in density: low, iso- or high density. Enhancement CT findings: ring like enhancement surrounding the central mucus. Conclusion: CT can accurately display the location and characteristic findings of mucoceles and play an important role in diagnosis and differential diagnosis. CT is an important guidance for surgery.


With the rapid development of infrared technology,the higher infrared data rate is required.Aiming at the high-speed requirement of a new infrared imaging system,a novel method for infrared image high-speed transmission was proposed,which was implemented with Peripheral Component Interconnect(PCI) Express and optical fiber.The system achieved an infrared image transmission speed of over 100 Mbyte/s.The infrared imaging experimental results show that the system meets the demand for high-speed infrared image acquisition.


Objective To observe the impact of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) upon glucose control and nocturnal glucose drifting in type 2diabetes patients.Methods Thirty one type 2 diabetes patients with OSAHS(group 1) and 18 type 2 diabetes patients without OSAHS(group 2) in our hospital were selected to conduct continuous glucose monitoring for 3 days and compare the nocturnal plasma glucose,fasting plasma glucose,24 h plasma glucose,nocturnal mean amplitude of plasma glucose excursion(MAGE),day time MAGE,24 h MAGE and GhBA1c between two groups.Results There was no significant differences in sex,age,duration of diabetes between 2 groups,but there was significance differences in body mass index,waist circumference and neck circumference(P0.05).Nocturnal MAGE and 24 h MAGE were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 after adjust of body mass index,waist circumference and neck circumference(P0.01) There were statistical differences on nocturnal plasma glucose,fasting plasma glucose,24 h plasma glucose,24 h MAGE and GhBA1c(P0.05) between 2 groups.Conclusion OSAHS may have an impact not only upon nocturnal plasma glucose,nocturnal MAGE,but also upon 24 h blood glucose and glucose drifting.


When formulating international economic cooperation agreements, policymakers should consider not only their economic promotion effects but also their impact on green development. This paper is an examination of whether the Belt and Road Initiative contributes to green innovation quality. Objectively assessing the green innovation promotion effects of its implementation is not only important for its completion and improvement in the future, but also to verify whether the Belt and Road Initiative promotes sustainable development in participating regions. A difference-in-difference model was constructed using the data of 291 cities in China from 2008 to 2019. The results show the following: (1) the Initiative has significantly improved the quality of green innovation in cities along the Belt and Road; (2) a series of robustness tests showed that the main results are highly robust; (3) the Belt and Road Initiative has a significant policy spillover effect—while improving the quality of local green innovation, it can also significantly promote the quality of green innovation in surrounding areas. This paper has reference significance for further understanding the policy effect of China's Belt and Road Initiative and the promotion and strengthening of subsequent policies.


The processes of hadron-hadron collisions and hadronic motion in the nucleus correspond with the free states one by one with the exception of mass-suppression.The multihadron momentum distributions are deduced from the potential barrier as the Fourier duality of the mass-shell,where the parameter b depends with A(the nuclear number,A=Z+N),and coincides with RHIC-data.


A clinical evaluation of combined therapy of the herbomineral preparation Abana with propranolol was done in hypertensive cases with special reference to its effects on lipids and lipoprotein metabolism. Monotherapy with propranolol elevated TC, LDL-c and TG and reduced HDL-c. But just the opposite, viz. a reduction in TC, LDL-c and TG and a rise in HDL-c, was seen when Abana was given along with propranolol. This indicates that combination therapy with Abana neutralizes the adverse effects of propranolol on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.


In this work, we address the so-called sensor reachback problem for Wireless Sensor Networks, which consists in collecting the measurements acquired by a large number of sensor nodes into a sink node which has major computational and power capabilities. Focused on applications such as Structural Health Monitoring, we propose a cooperative communication protocol that exploits the spatio-temporal correlations of the sensor measurements in order to save energy when transmitting the information to the sink node in a non-stationary environment. In addition to cooperative communications, the protocol is based on two well-studied adaptive filtering techniques, Least Mean Squares and Recursive Least Squares, which trade off computational complexity and reduction in the number of transmissions to the sink node. Finally, experiments with real acceleration measurements, obtained from the Canton Tower in China, are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Ignition and flame propagation for pyrolysing fuel in a cylindrical enclosure has been examined in this study. The pyrolysing fuel of cylindrical shape was located both eccentrically and concentrically inside an outer cylinder that was sustained at high temperature. Due to gravity, buoyancy motion was inevitably incurred in the enclosure, and this was found to affect the flame initiation and propagation behaviour. Radiative heat transfer also played an important role in the thermo-fluid mechanical behaviour because of the high temperature involved in the problem. Numerical studies have been performed for various parameters such as the Grashof number, overheat ratio, gas absorption coefficient and vertical fuel eccentricity. The flame behaviour and initiation were observed to be totally different depending on the Grashof number. Due to absorbed radiant energy, the radiative gas played a significant role in flame evolution. The location of flame onset was also affected by both the vertical eccentricity of the inner pyrolysing fuel and the thermal conditions applied. The heating process and the flow field development were found to govern flame initiation and propagation.


This paper attempts to reconcile the often inconclusive evidence on the role of FDI in the process of economic development by taking into account the heterogeneity both among industries and among countries. Using a comparable database at the industry level for 35 countries in the OECD, Asia and Eastern Europe from 1987 to 2002, we test for the influence of both stage of development and sectoral FDI patterns in the relationship between FDI and productivity growth. In certain industries and for the catching-up countries, a significant and positive relationship emerges when FDI coincides with high investment or export orientation.


The viewpoint of estimating transformer winding deformation by measuring short-circuit reactance is discussed.The on-line monitoring method for transformer short-circuit reactance is introduced.The measuring system of transformer short-circuit reactance has been developed.


BACKGROUND
Mouth breathing (MB) can affect morphological changes of the craniofacial structures, electromyography is widely used for quantitative analysis of muscle function.

OBJECTIVE
The aim was to evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) activities of the anterior temporalis (TA), masseter muscle (MM), orbicularis oris superior (OOS) and mentalis muscle (MT) in children with different vertical skeletal patterns and breathing modes during rest and various functional mandibular movements.

METHODS
BioEMG III was used to measure the variations in EMG activities of TA, MM, OOS and MT in 185 subjects aged 6-12 years during continuous clenching, rest, maximal intercuspation, lips closed lightly and swallowing.

RESULTS
The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the model with vertical skeletal patterns as the dependent variable was ineffective (p=0.106), while the model with breathing modes as the dependent variable was effective (p=0.000). When considering both vertical skeletal patterns and breathing modes, the following significant differences were found. 1) In normal-angle group, EMG ratio in OOS with lips closed lightly of MB was significantly higher than NB (p=0.005). 2) In low-angle group, EMG ratios in TA and MM during swallowing of MB were significantly lower than NB (p=0.020, p=0.040, respectively). 3) In high-angle group, EMG ratios of MB were significantly higher in MT during continuous clenching, rest, lips closed lightly and swallowing (p=0.038, p=0.036, p=0.005, p=0.028, respectively), and OOS with lips closed lightly compared to NB (p=0.005).

CONCLUSION
Breathing modes and vertical skeletal patterns interacted to alter maxillofacial EMG activities, with breathing modes having a greater effect.


As engineers rely more heavily on finite element analysis for the design and evaluation of high performance structures manufactured from polymer composite, there are real concerns regarding the material property data used in these simulations. Particular concerns have been expressed with regard to the ability to generate representative, repeatable and reproducible measurements of compressive properties, especially for thick sections, where fracture is more likely than the previously encountered buckling failures This is further confused by the large number of different test rigs and specimen geometry/preparation methods.


Cortical spreading depression (CSD) involves depolarization of neurons and astrocytes due principally to a large increase in extracellular potassium. CSD is also accompanied by large increases in extracellular ATP and is blocked by glutamate Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. In a previous study, we used a neuronal model to investigate the instigation of CSD and propagation of CSD wave by increasing extracellular potassium. In this paper, we extend that model by constructing a neuron-astrocyte network and incorporating the effects of ATP via the coupled biochemical pathways involving glutamate and NMDA currents. We show that both the electrical current stimuli and the local elevation in the extracellular ATP or glutamate concentration can lead to CSD in the coupled neuron-astrocyte model, while ATP or glutamate increase fails to induce CSD when the glutamate NMDA channels are blocked. These results can explain both the potassium theory postulated by Grafstein and glutamate theory by Van Harreveld. Our model showed extracellular potassium plays the key role in CSD instigation and propagation, and glutamate is a key compound mediating CSD by activating NMDA channels through neuron-astrocyte interactive. AMS subject classifications: 35K57, 65M06, 92C05, 92C20


Using the theory of shear-displacement and transfer matrix, this paper derivated the transfer matrix of piles in layered soils according to the principle of layer by layer analysis. Then the hyperbola load transfer model is used in the pile end to imitate the nonlinear deformation properties of soils, so the analytical theory of pile′s load transfer in layered soils is established, which can take into account the nonlinear influence of soils. It can be used to calculate the settlement and bearing capacity of piles in layered soils, and it can also be used to analyze the law of load transfer of piles in the same soils. It is known by comparing with the tested datum and calculated results, the calculated p-s curve is very close to the tested, and the distribution of calculated axle force and side friction of piles along the depth are very coincident with the soil layer. So, it is also consistent with the results obtained by other analysis method. Thus the accuracy and the reliability of the proposed method are verified, and it has a higher calculation precision. The proposed method is simple than the finite element method. It can not only be used to analyze the pile foundation in layered soils, but can also be used to analyze the piles socketed into rock or piles with expanded base.


The electrostatic interpretation of zeros of Jacobi polynomials, due to Stieltjes and Schur, enables us to obtain the complete asymptotic expansion as n → ∞ of the minimal logarithmic potential energy of n point charges restricted to move in the interval [−1, 1] in the presence of an external field generated by endpoint charges. By the same methods, we determine the complete asymptotic expansion of the logarithmic energy ∑ j 6=k log(1/|xj − xk|) of Fekete points, which, by definition, maximize the product of all mutual distances ∏ j 6=k |xj − xk| of N points in [−1, 1] as N → ∞. The results for other compact intervals differ only in the quadratic and linear term of the asymptotics. Explicit formulas and their asymptotics follow from the discriminant, leading coefficient, and special values at ±1 of Jacobi polynomials. For all these quantities we derive complete Poincaré-type asymptotics.


The aim of this study was to assess the determinant factor of long-term diseases suffering among elderly in Bangladesh. For this, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three villages of Pabna district, Bangladesh. Total of two hundred and fifty elderly populations aged 60 years was interviewed through a structured questionnaire. Both the bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze data. We found most of the aged population (70%) have been suffering from the various types of long-term (>12 months) diseases. Age, partnership status, family type, number of families, number of family member, education, working status, family income and the use of the drug addiction were significantly associated with the suffering of long-term diseases. The result of the regression analysis indicates that age, partnership status, number of family member, present working status, family income and drug addiction were determinants of long-term diseases suffering. We recommend educating people and building more awareness about the geriatric health problems to overcome the burden of long-term maladies.


The analysis of the current agrarian conflict between the indigenous people of Santa Maria Ostula and the small, mestizos owners in La Placita allows us to elucidate the processes that community members have implemented over time to defend their communal lands. The agrarian dimension is the starting point of understanding: 1) the complexity of disputes among diverse actors and interests, in order to appropriate and exploit the highly-coveted natural resources belonging to the Nahuas on the Michoacan coast; and 2) distinct forms of dispossession that began in Colonial times and continue today. These dimensions are examined in light of the processes that David Harvey calls 'accumulation by dispossession'. Tourism and mining projects, plus illegal economies, accompanied by public security policies of the "counterinsurgency" type, are just some of the challenges that members of the community of Santa Maria Ostula –in the state of Michoacan, Mexico– face today.


The rise and impact of the blogosphere has rocketed over the past decade while traditional media outlets have seen circulation and readership decline. This has seen increased time spent on influencer relations activities by Public Relations (PR) Professionals and the use of bloggers as influencers within campaigns. Though media relations remain an important PR activity, the rising importance of bloggers poses the question of their value within promotional activity and campaigns.  This study offers an exploration of the value of bloggers, compared with journalists as traditional industry experts, by measuring the influence they have on the purchase intentions of female consumers of beauty products between the ages of 18 and 24. This is conducted through phenomenological study of beauty consumer's experiences as well as some insight to the experiences of beauty PR professionals


Abstract. We present and experimentally verify a deep learning approach to synchronously measure the multi-beam pointing error for coherent beam combining systems. This approach uses only one detector by acquiring the far-field interference focal spot, which can greatly reduce the complexity in coherent beam combining systems with high accuracy. The amplitude modulation is utilized to eliminate the confusion of the label values in symmetric system. The position assist camera is used to acquire accurate label value, which solves the mismatch between sample and label value caused by ambient vibration in long-term data acquisition. In simulation and experiment, the RMS accuracy is about 0.3 and 0.5  μrad, respectively, which can greatly meet the pointing measurement requirement in coherent beam combining systems. The result shows that this approach can be well applied to multi-beam coherent combination for high-power laser systems.


Abstract:Women who are multiply marginalized find innovative ways to conjure prestige and assert their dignity within oppressive societies. In this essay, I apply a Mami-informed de/colonial approach to analyze the life of one such woman: my grandmother Rosa. In 1936, Rosa (Mamá Osa) moved to the sierras of Sánchez, Samaná, Dominican Republic to resist the anti-Black patriarchy she experienced. By sharing my grandmother's story, I underscore the value of multiply marginalized women being in community with one another as a counterpoint to the liberal goal of integration. I draw parallels between the oral history of her decision to start a new life in the mountains and the written accounts of the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century maroon communities of the Americas. I also examine Dominican feminist writings during my grandmother's era to contextualize her life narrative. In making explicit how past Dominican feminist and pedagogical discourse were inaccessible and marginalizing to freedom-seeking women like my grandmother, I urge scholars who trace knowledge systems around the world to continue to examine the sources of feminist thought.


Convective overshooting in super asymptotic giant branch stars has been suggested to lead to the formation of hybrid white dwarfs with carbon–oxygen cores and oxygen–neon mantles. As the white dwarf cools, this core–mantle configuration becomes convectively unstable and should mix. This mixing has been previously studied using stellar evolution calculations, but these made the approximation that convection did not affect the temperature profile of the mixed region. In this work, we perform direct numerical simulations of an idealized problem representing the core–mantle interface of the hybrid white dwarf. We demonstrate that, while the resulting structure within the convection zone is somewhat different than what is assumed in the stellar evolution calculations, the two approaches yield similar results for the size and growth of the mixed region. These hybrid white dwarfs have been invoked as progenitors of various peculiar thermonuclear supernovae. This lends further support to the idea that if these hybrid white dwarfs form, then they should be fully mixed by the time of explosion. These effects should be included in the progenitor evolution, in order to more accurately characterize the signatures of these events.


The possibility of modulating the isodoses when irradiating gynecological tumors in the minor pelvis, according to focal requirements, was examined. The isodose adaptation can be obtained by varying such parameters as field dimension, pendulum axis distance, and pendulum angle. A series of such isodoses are demonstrated. (auth)


It is discussed that eating and drinking without temperance is the major cause of modern diabetes.Deficiency of the spleen and heat of stomach is an important pathogenesis of diabetes.According to traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern studies,it is showed that strengthening the spleen to reinforce Qi is an important treatment method of diabetes.


...................................................................................................................... iii PROLOGUE ―MYN AUCTOUR SHAL I FOLWEN, IF I KONNE‖...................1 CHAPTER 1 THE CHAUCERIAN MUSE: THE WIFE OF BATH, VENUS AND ADONIS AND A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM ................. 10 CHAPTER 2 CHAUCERIAN AUCTORITEE: THE RAPE OF LUCRECE...........36 CHAPTER 3 CHAUCERIAN SOLAAS: TROILUSES AND CRISEYDES...........64 CHAPTER 4 CHAUCERIAN RENAISSANCE: PERICLES ENCOUNTERS THE TWO NOBLE KINSMEN............89 EPILOGUE ―HEIGH FANTASYE AND CURIOUS BISYNESSE‖...............120 WORKS CITED ............................................................................................................. 124 VITA ............................................................................................................................... 128


The photonic crystal coupler and conventional step-index coupler are theoretically investigated. The photonic crystal coupler has been made by the stepless tapering of the photonic-crystal holey fiber and the conventional step-index coupler by the stepless tapering of the conventional fiber. The photonic crystal couplers are characterizing by material refractive index changing in a spatial direction along the wave propagation direction. In our investigation an effective refractive index model of two-dimensional photonic crystal was used. This model allows us to analyze the waveguide structures, which work on the effective index waveguiding in a defect of the photonic crystal. The optical field in photonic crystal couplers and conventional couplers was investigated and losses and mode composition of both types of couplers were calculated.


Using 0.18μm and below technologies at high-performance VLSI chips is facing many challenges.Such as interconnect line effect by feature size shrink,the impact of timing from the signal integrity,and the timing complicated because the interdependence of many design variable.So designers have to be deeply involved in physical design,use effective EDA tools,and have to develop the back-end design flow.This paper introduces the back-end physical design process of a SoC based on a tool named Astro of Synopsys,and the layout is displayed and taped out in SMIC 0.18μm CMOS process.This design is divided into data preparation,floor plan,cell placement,clock tree synthesis,routing and so on.Considering the interconnect effect of the deep sub-micron process,this paper describes how to prevent crosstalk,and how to ensure the chip timing to meet the design requirement through the whole back-end design.


Intracranial brain tumor is a tumor that occurs in the brain or central spinal canal, gliomas, being the most common types. Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the most common tumor, which has higher malignancy and characterized by invasiveness and intense vascularization. The etiology of these tumors is not well known. The National Cancer Institute (INCA) estimates that in 2016, Brazil will have 5,440 new cases of CNS cancer in men and 4,830 in women. In the chemotherapeutic treatment of gliomas are primarily used the antineoplastic alkylating agent temozolomide and glucocorticoids in order to inhibit tumor growth and control the inflammatory process, respectively. Malnutrition is a secondary diagnosis often found in cancer patients and has a negative impact on the evolution of the disease and therapeutics. Central Nervous System Tumors (CNS) as gliomas are classified with great aggressor potential by the speed in which they develop, increasing the patient's nutritional needs. There are few studies about this type of tumor and patient's body composition, requiring better elucidation on this. We know the nutritional assessment importance on identifying nutritional risk, aid in the treatment and improved quality of life. This is a descriptive, observational and cross study. Adult and elderly patients were selected, of both genders, from October 2015 until April 2016, attended at the Neurosurgery Clinic diagnosed with primary malignant gliomas who underwent surgery for resection and standard treatment ongoing (chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy ). The parameters used were the body mass, height, body mass index, abdominal circumference, Brachial Circumference, Circumference Muscular arm and fold tricipital. The objective was to evaluate the patients with malignant gliomas undergoing chemotherapy nutritional status. Participated in 28 patients with mean age of 46 years (22-71 years), 64.3% (n = 18) were male. There was a higher incidence of glioblastoma multiforme (82.14%, n = 23) followed by oligodendroglioma (11%; n = 3) and astrocytoma (7%, n = 2). Comorbid higher prevalences were hypertension (25%; n = 7) and hyperlipidemia (25%; n = 7). Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status by BMI, was overweight prevalence (46.4%; n = 13); CA showed that 60.7% (n = 17) had significantly increased risk for metabolic disorders; 39.2% eutrophic (n = 11) according to CB. Concerning the DCT obesity prevalence was 75% (n = 21). CMB rating indicated eutrophic in 75% (n = 21) and 25% (n = 7) had mild malnutrition. Patients with Gliomas were overweight and body fat increased, particularly in abdominal region, which associated with observed co-morbidities suggests the metabolic syndrome presenc. In general context, there was no somatic protein compartment reduction through parameters used. Circumferences and skinfold measures can be useful in identifying the sarcopenic obesity.


Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukaemia among the elderly in the developed world. It is less frequent in India and other developing countries, but its incidence is increasing possibly as a result of a longer lifespan and changing lifestyle. The diagnosis of CLL requires an absolute lymphocyte count of >5000/cmm with the presence of monoclonality evidenced by characteristic cell-surface phenotype of B cells on flow cytometry: the presence of CD19, CD5 and CD23; weak expression of CD20 and CD79b; and either kappa or lambda immunoglobulin light chains. Some adults (3%) who have an absolute lymphocyte count of 4000 lymphocytes/cmm) for the presence of monoclonal B-cell population using flow cytometry. Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of the monoclonal B-cell population was done and a small group of 185 subjects with MBL was followed for a median period of 6.7 years (range: 0.2-11.8 years). The first cohort had persons 60-80 years of age who were attending outpatient departments of various specialties except haematology, oncology and a transplant clinic and they had a normal total leucocyte count, platelet count and haemoglobin. The second cohort consisted of subjects referred for current or previous lymphocytosis between April 1995 and December 2000. Among the first cohort (normal blood counts), 78 (5.1%) were found to have CLL-phenotype MBL and 27 (1.8%) had non-CLLphenotype MBL. In the second cohort, 309 (13.9%) had CLLphenotype MBL and the rest had CLL (46.3%) or reactive lymphocytosis (39.9%). Of the 71 subjects with CLL-phenotype MBL in either cohort (analysed by FISH), 13q14 del, trisomy 12, 11q23 del and 17p del were detected in 39% ,18%, 0% and 0% in the first cohort with normal blood counts, and in 58%, 21%, 6% and 3% in the second cohort (with lymphocytosis). Immunoglobulin heavy variable group (IGHV) mutation was detected in 85% of the subjects with MBL with normal counts and 90% of those with MBL with lymphocytosis. Follow up was not available for those with MBL and normal counts as the samples were anonymous. However, 185 of the subjects with MBL and lymphocytosis (second cohort) were followed for 6.7 years; progressive lymphocytosis developed in 51 (28%) of these. Among those with progressive lymphocytosis, further evidence of progressive CLL (lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphocyte doubling time <6 months and drenching sweats) developed in 28 (55%). Thirteen of the 51 subjects eventually required chemotherapy. Baseline B-cell count was the only factor that predicted progressive lymphocytosis; subjects with a baseline B-cell count <1900/cmm rarely progressed.


The melting transition of a system of hard cubes is studied numerically both in the case of freely rotating cubes and when there is a fixed orientation of the particles: parallel cubes. It is shown that freely rotating cubes melt through a first-order transition, whereas parallel cubes have a continuous transition in which positional order is lost but bond-orientational order remains finite. This is interpreted in terms of a defect-mediated theory of melting.


The progress towards utilizing silver-clad bismuth cuprate high temperature superconductors in transmission cables is reviewed. By example, it specifically addresses issues in the development of a high temperature superconducting power cable at BICC Cables Ltd in the UK, one of the world's leading supertension cable manufacturers. 21 refs., 2 figs.


Carboplatin is the first-line choice of drug for ovarian cancer. In this investigation, we have prepared carboplatin silver nanoparticles (CSNP's) by electrostatic adsorption. The size range was found to be 53-87 nm and the zeta potential was in the range of -36 to -61. After coating with hyaluronic acid and drug the size was observed to be around 80 nm and zeta potential was -41. After coating the monodisperse particles with a narrow polydispersity index value of 0.49-0.51 were obtained. The pH of silver nanoparticles without coating was in between 5.1-5.9. Atomic force microscopy confirms the spherical shape of nanoparticles. The entrapment was found to be 70-87%. Formulation F3 was found to have more entrapment efficiency and the release extended up to 6 h in phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4. The uniform concentration of trisodium citrate and tannic acid as a reducing agent along with high concentration of hyaluronic acid in F3 formulation able to entrap high drug load and release for an extended period. The drug release follows zero-order kinetics. This might provide a promising alternative for the development of an anticancer drug delivery system. INTRODUCTION: Ovarian cancer is the 5 th leading cause of death in women, and it accounts for 2.5% malignancies among females. Ovarian cancer (National Cancer Registry Program, Indian Council of Medical Research Bangalore: 2006) statistics have not improved to date, highlights the fact that targeted chemo-therapeutic strategies are required. Cancer nanotherapeutics are rapidly progressing and are being implemented to solve several limitations of conventional drug delivery systems such as poor oral bioavailability, low therapeutic efficacy 1 . Conventional chemotherapeutic dosage forms have actions on both cancer and normal tissues decreasing the bioavailability. QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.11(3).1308-11 This article can be accessed online on www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.11(3).1308-11 Intravenous chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients shows poor cellular uptake contributing to high dose and limited therapeutic efficacy. In order to decrease those effects, drug delivery systems using nanoparticles with special materials with various properties are the need of the hour. In recent years, metallic nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest due to their intriguing physicochemical properties, small size, and surface plasmon behavior 2 . Among all, silver nanoparticles 3 (Ag NPs) display the highest level of commercialization 4 and account for 55.4% of the total nanomaterial-based consumer products available in the market 5, 6 (313, out of 565 products. The principal cancer treatment in clinics is still chemotherapy and the major goal involved in it is to ensure the safe and efficient transportation of drug molecules to the targeted sites. Carboplatin is an alkylating agent and widely used in neck, cervical, ovarian, breast and bladder cancer. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the major


As the soul of the Software-Defined Networking (SDN), the quality of control plane applications determines the reliability of the networks. Unfortunately, better programmability in SDN increases the risk of bugs and challenges for testing. Because manually testing seems to be inefficient, automatic testing methods become promising alternative. Both white-box method with models and black-box method without model have limitations. In this paper, we propose a formal model for blackbox testing of SDN applications. We use a group of components to describe the data structure stored in the applications and the system behaviors. It is easier and more natural to specify applications. Based on our models, we present our work-in-progress testing framework. It can iteratively improve the design model with model verification and expose implement bugs with model-based testing.


More than 10 million acres of transgenic insect-resistant crops, including cotton, corn and potatoes, were planted in the United States in 1998 — and growers are on the verge of much more extensive plantings. Genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, these plants provide effective, environmentally safe pest control. However, current transgenic crops may lead to insect resistance, partly because they have been engineered to produce only single Bt insecticidal proteins, and partly because plant senescence can result in lower production of Bt proteins as crop plants age. Australia cotton growers, for instance, found they had good control for the first half of the season in 1997, but required insecticide treatments in the latter half. Resistance avoidance strategies and crop varieties in the pipeline that produce two or more insecticidal proteins are planned to provide long-term resistance management. This is crucial not only to growers using the transformed crops, but to organic growers who rely on traditional Bt insecticides. If successful, this new technology promises high crop yields as well as benefits to most nontarget arthropods and biological control insects by reducing the use of broad-spectrum chemical insecticides.


Measurements on fundamentally-driven and harmonically-driven mode-locked lasers show that these lasers have low timing jitter when the RF drive frequency is tuned to within the 'locking bandwidth' of the fundamental of the cavity resonance frequency, or a harmonic of the frequency. It is shown that the locking bandwidth is determined by a new parameter termed the 'pull-in time'. The pull-in time is independent of the cavity length and the harmonic number of the drive.


A case of tenosynovitis of the extensor pollicis longus, or third dorsal compartment, is presented. This is an unusual condition that may be difficult to diagnose initially. A clinical test for extensor pollicis longus tenosynovitis is described. Operative treatment is recommended.


In this work, a new method to determine the gradient system transfer function (GSTF) with high frequency resolution and high SNR is presented, using fast and simple phantom measurements. The GSTF is an effective instrument for hardware characterization and calibration, which can be used to correct for gradient distortions, or enhance gradient fidelity.


Review(s) of: Glen Skien: Mytho-poetic, by The Webb Gallery, Queensland College of Art, Griffith University, 19 - 28 April 2012.


Factor VII antigen has been measured with the antibody neutralization assay according to Goodnight, until recent report of Fair in which a double-antibody equilibrium radio-immunoassay for factor VII antigen is employed. No quantitative precipitation arc of factor VII antigen in plasma has been reported because of its very low concentraiton.In the present method developed by the authers, a clear precipitation arc of factor VII antigen appeared by immuno-electrophoresis using 125I-labelled anti-factor VII antibody incorporated in the Laurell plate to enhance the sensitivity. A plasma sample was electrophoresed directly on 1% agarose containing 1% anti-human factor VII rabbit serum, 0.1% 125I-labelled anti-human factor VII specific IgG and 0.5% polyethyleneglycol 6000, and after washing, autoradiographed at -70°C for 48hr. A distinct rocket was seen from 45μl of undiluted plasma to 16-fold diluted plasma. Of 5 cases with congential factor VII deficiency, 4 cases had no detectable factor VII antigen, one case had factor VII antigen. Factor VII antigen levels in 19 patients of liver disease varied from 9 to 125%, and the assayed values of factor VII antigen and activity correlated relatively well (r=0.96). In contrast, factor VII antigen levels in 20 patients treated with Warfarin varied from 16 to 100%, and the antigen levels were slightly higher than the activity.


The initial distribution of magnetic induction in the armature stationary was calculated relative to the polar system of a hysteresis clutch. Using several assumptions, the problem is reduced to calculating the static magnetic field in the ferromagnetic plate with finite and continuous magnetic permeability placed in the air gap between two identical, parallel semiconductors with rack fixed relative to the tooth or slot position.


The therapeutic effects of riboflavin in psoriasis have recently been studied by several investigators. Their results are rather varied. Luscombe 1 reported marked improvement in 45% and improvement in 43% of the cases he followed and concluded that this form of therapy was a welcome addition to our armamentarium. Sulzberger and Baer, 2 who prescribed riboflavin by mouth to a great number of psoriatic patients, did not observe any significant improvement. Welsh and Ede 3 administered riboflavin orally and parenterally to a group of 348 patients with psoriasis but failed to produce any noticeable response. We studied a series of psoriatics to whom riboflavin was given orally and parenterally. The results are herewith submitted. Ninety patients with chronic psoriasis were treated. Seventy-seven were given weekly injections of 1 cc. of aqueous solution containing 50 mg. of riboflavin-5-phosphate sodium (equivalent to riboflavin 35 mg.) * over a period ranging


Does the removal of salient external threats foster democratization? Recent research proposes an affirmative answer but either fails to examine democratization at the monadic level, to consider small-scale democratization, or to account for factors known to influence the democratization process. The current study addresses this deficit by (re)examining democratization during the period 1919–2006. The findings suggest a strong relationship between border settlement and democratization. A state that settles all of its interstate borders democratizes; any outstanding unsettled borders, however, prevent significant democratization. Furthermore, although border settlement contributes to democratization, it does not significantly affect democratic regime change. This empirical evidence cumulatively specifies a more precise relationship between external threat and democratization than previous work and thereby contributes directly to the recent debate between the territorial and democratic peace theories. It also suggests that democratization may proceed more readily if states address unsettled borders first.


Flavonoids carboxylic acid compounds are one kind of flavonoid compounds which have a wide range of biological activity and high pharmacological activities.This paper summarized the advances in chemical structure and structure-activity of the flavonoids carboxylic acid compounds and methods of synthesis in recent years.The progressing prospect of rare earth complexes of flavonoids carboxylic acid was predicted.This paper provided theoretical support for the deeper research of flavonoids carboxylic acid compounds and their rare earth complexes in the future.


Abstract Using ihe indirect immunohistochemical approach, the occurrence of γ‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (γ‐MSH)‐like immunoreactivily in human normal keratinocytes is described. The positive cells were observed in each layer of the epidermis (except stratum corneum) and often, at the level of the stratum spinosum, also around the orifices of cutaneous accessory organs, such as sweat glands and sebaceous glands/ hair follicles. Combining these data with our previous investigations, the results support the possibility that locally produced γ‐MSH could be involved in cutaneous immune response, pigmentation and epithelial pro‐liferation, as well as neuromodulation.


Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) are considered a candidate for achieving quantum advantage in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum computer (NISQ) era. Several QNN architectures have been proposed and successfully tested on benchmark datasets for machine learning. However, quantitative studies of the QNN-generated entanglement have been investigated only for up to few qubits. Tensor network methods allow to emulate quantum circuits with a large number of qubits in a wide variety of scenarios. Here, we employ matrix product states to characterize recently studied QNN architectures with random parameters up to fifty qubits showing that their entanglement, measured in terms of entanglement entropy between qubits, tends to that of Haar distributed random states as the depth of the QNN is increased. We certify the randomness of the quantum states also by measuring the expressibility of the circuits, as well as using tools from random matrix theory. We show a universal behavior for the rate at which entanglement is created in any given QNN architecture, and consequently introduce a new measure to characterize the entanglement production in QNNs: the entangling speed. Our results characterise the entanglement properties of quantum neural networks, and provides new evidence of the rate at which these approximate random unitaries.


This gas ejection cone (1) comprises: - a front portion of the cone (5), substantially cylindrical in shape, - a rear portion of the cone (7), substantially conical in shape, - a drainage tube and / or vent (11) extending inside the front (5) and rear (7) of the cone, and opening at the end of the rear cone portion, - a support bearing (13) this tube drainage and / or ventilation, disposed within said rear portion of the cone (7), the gas ejection cone (1) being noteworthy in that said rear part of the cone (7) in turn comprises -even a front sub-part (7a) connected to said front cone (5) and a rear sub-portion (7b) detachably secured to said front sub-part (7a) provided with an orifice output of said drainage tube and / or ventilation (11).


2014 MU69 (named Arrokoth), targeted by New Horizons, has a unique bilobate shape. Research suggested that there is a large circular depression feature with a diameter of ∼7 km on the smaller lobe of this object. This feature, called Maryland, is surrounded by topographically high regions and faces perpendicular to the shortest axis of this object. Here, following the interpretation by earlier work that Maryland is formed by an impact, we investigate how the Maryland impact affects the structure of a neck of this object. We find that to avoid a structural breakup driven by this impact, MU69 needs high cohesive strength, at least tens of kilopascals depending on the bulk density. The cohesive strength at this level is much higher than that of other small bodies observed at high resolution, which is usually reported to be a few hundred pascals. It may be possible that MU69 actually has such a high cohesive strength, which may challenge the current knowledge about the cohesive strength of small bodies. Alternatively, we hypothesize a scenario that the Maryland impact actually broke the neck structure and made the shape settle into the current configuration. Considering this scenario, we obtain that the bulk density of MU69 should be between 300 and 500 kg m−3.


Fe-WC composite consisted of average grain sizes of 90, 110μm, respectively, was prepared by HIP technique. Although iron is easy to react with WC at high temperature about 1200°C, the reaction was successfully controlled at 800°C below 13% under hipping pressure. Therefore, dense and pore free composites with the compositions of Fe-5wt%WC and Fe-20wt%WC were obtained at 800°C, applying 50-200MPa and 200MPa, respectively, for 30min. The reaction layer around the WC grain was about 5μm in thickness, according to the EPMA observation of the cross section of the composite. The growth rate of the reaction layer largely decreased with an increase in hipping pressure. The Fe-WC composite exhibited an excellent wear resistance, which was also increased under higher hipping pressure.


The problem of agriculture,countryside,and peasants were seen as the fundamental problems for the revolution,construction,reform and development in China.With the combination of documentary and questionnaire investigation,this study explored the current situation of rural sports and P.E.;the value viewpoint of sport participation of peasants;the behavior characteristics of sport participation;the factors influencing sport participation.Furthermore,this study made a comprehensive review and explanation on the minority nationality sport and P.E..Several strategies and suggestion aiming to enhance the development of rural P.E.and sports in the Northwest areas in China were proposed,in order to provide scientific references for the further and in-depth development of rural P.E.and the national fitness program in the Northwest areas.


This thesis analyzed the institutional and political processes that have either contributed or hampered the development of an assisted human reproduction care policy within Brazil's Unified Health System. The premise that multiple dimensions and processes are involved in the debate over reproduction, health and rights in Brazil was the starting point of the study. The research investigated those processes which contributed to the recent insertion of the theme in the government's agenda, with the implementation of the Assisted Human Reproduction Total Care National Policy, in 2005. The field of political debate and the processes of conflict and negotiation of reproduction rights were reconstructed, from both a historic and contemporary perspective, emphasizing the theme of assisted human reproduction. Oral and written sources, encompassing the positions, proposals and perspectives of several institutional actors, technicians and the organized civil society were used, allowing the understanding of the genesis of debates, their contexts, motivations, interests and the perspectives of participants, conflicts and negotiations, the social spaces and channels through which they flow. It can be considered that the formulation of the Assisted Human Reproduction Care Policy within the Unified Health System was motivated mainly by the demands from the STD/AIDS Department in the Ministry of Health and from the initiatives of people living with HIV/AIDS, mainly mixed-status (HIV-positive/negative) couples, by the access to assisted reproduction technologies, focusing on the infection's horizontal and vertical transmission reduction. People who are infertile and who have genetic diseases were incorporated, but others were excluded, like persons who are alone and homosexuals. Although the policy was conceived adopting a total care line articulating with prevention and care, including high complexity, psychosocial eligibility criteria were used which may hamper access equity, the totality of care and may restrict rights. Even though it can be a progression with both advances and setbacks, with potentialities and limits, the offering of assisted human reproduction in the Unified Health System, if based on principles of autonomy, body integrity, equity and non-discrimination, can mean an important contribution in terms of sexual and reproductive rights.


ing of Cotton Textiles with Polycarboxylic Acids, U.S. patent 4,820,307, April 11, 1989. Yang, C. Q., Xu, L., Li, S., and Jiang, Y., Nonformaldehyde Durable Press Finishing of Cotton Fabrics by Combining Citric Acid with Polymers of Maleic Acid, Textile Res. J. 68 , 457-464 (1998). Yang, C. Q., and Xu, Y., Paper Wet Performance and Ester Crosslinking of Wood Pulp Cellulose by the Polycarboxylic Acids, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 67, 649-658 ( 1998). Yang, C. Q., Infrared Spectroscopy Studies of the Cyclic Anhydride as the Intermediate for the Ester Crosslinking of Cotton Cellulose by Polycarboxylic Acid, I: Identification of the Cyclic Anhydride Intermediate, J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed. 31, 1187-1193 (1993). 20. Yang, C. Q., and Wang, X., Formation of Cyclic Anhydride Intermediates and Esterification of Cotton Cel; lulose by Multifunctional Carboxylic Acids: An Infra-


Biosorption of cadmium from aqueous solutions using fermented grape marc is
 investigated in this paper as well as influence of the most important
 factors, such as: contact time, granulation of biosorbent and the initial
 concentration of metal ions, is investigated in this paper. The equilibrium
 sorption of cadmium ions is achieved after 15-20 min., depending on the
 initial concentration of metal ions. Such a short time needed to achieve the
 equilibrium indicates that mass sorption is dominate process. Langmuir,
 Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm were used to describe the
 equilibrium sorption process, while Langmuir model was found to be the most
 conveniente. Maximum of sorption capacity is 20 mg g1. EDS spectrum analysis
 showed that the process of ion exchange is one of the main sorption
 mechanism. Minor changes observed in the FTIR spectrum of grape marc after
 the sorption of Cd(II) ions indicate forming a band between metal ions and
 partially ionized carboxyl and phenol groups from the biomass. The results of
 this study confirmed that the fermented grape marc, due to the porous
 structure and characteristic chemical composition, is good sorption material.


Human endogenous retroviruses have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV‐K) subtype HML‐2 envelope (Env) in human neuronal cultures and in transgenic mice results in neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration, and mice expressing HML‐2 Env display behavioral and neuromuscular characteristics resembling ALS. This study aims to characterize the neurotoxic properties of HML‐2 Env.


This writing aimed to discuss Environmental Health and Primary Care health based on social constructionism. With a multidisciplinary team in Basic Health Units (BHUs), primary care is to organize a population, constructing an integrative relational environment between users and health professionals. The Environmental Health in Primary inserted builds up under a naturalizing and producer of a fallacious morality discourse. Currently, the paradigm that gives sustenance to the current science is organized under assumptions of modernity, and what is outside of this standard will be considered abnormal. This modern conception implied a moral which postulates the "must be" in human relations, aiming models of morality based on facts obtained from empirical knowledge, metaphysics and construction of ideal standards. Society tends to create an idea of the nature and the environmental ideal, linking systems, managing and enforcing limits. Thus, companies end up lifting one of the structures that shape their culture (health care, economic development and education) to their representation influenced by time and space where they were conceived. Therefore, seek criticality in natural phenomena is urgent for the extended singular care and environmental health.


Assuming key trade‐offs among interactors, several models (resource ratio, keystone predation, intraguild predation) predict changes in species composition over resource supply gradients. Ecological stoichiometry could also predict compositional shifts of grazers over gradients of nutrient and light supply through a mechanism involving (mis)matches between elemental body composition of grazers and plants. This hypothesis is explored here using a suite of two‐grazer, one‐plant models that incorporate three key components: plant production depends on light and nutrients, nutrient content of plants can vary, and homeostatic grazers can be carbon or nutrient limited. The results from this suite closely resemble the classical resource ratio model describing plant competition for two resources. Here, the models predict shifts of grazer composition along resource supply gradients if species trade off competitive abilities for plant carbon and nutrients. Given this trade‐off, superior nutrient competitors should dominate low nutrient environments, and superior carbon competitors should dominate high nutrient environments. At intermediate nutrient supply, species can coexist at a stable equilibrium, or alternative stable states emerge, depending on how grazers impact their resources. These results depend on food web architecture, however. For instance, predators can alter or reduce possibilities for stoichiometry‐mediated coexistence of grazers.


We present some examples showing how to use Cardano's relations in solving elementary problems of analytic geometry. These contents have disappeared of the current curricula of our Bachillerato 's studies, and we defend its presence.


SUMMARY The surgical procedures carried out in 654 cases of cosmetic problems in female patients suffering from ptosis and redundancy of the ventral aspect seen in, thirty four years. The aetiology and development of these problems are discussed, as well as the surgical techniques used, advantages and disadvantages, cimplications, and long-term results in a group of 396 patients followed up at least for three years with an average of eight.


Eating disorders, which involve the misuse of vast quantities of food by millions of people, are described as a direct threat to the environment. Eating disorders are also suggested as a metaphor for the psychopathology underlying our environmental crisis. In this article, the scope of the problem, its psychological and economic roots, its similarity to the environmental crisis in general, and possible solutions are described.


2s ðqÞ s ð qÞ 1⁄4 s; ð8aÞ s ðqÞ s ðqÞ 1⁄4 0: ð8bÞ On the basis of this assumption, Yoshimori and Nagamiya have studied the helical (screw) spin structure. Hereafter, we refer to this assumption as the single q model. Decomposing s ðqÞ into real and imaginary parts, s ðqÞ 1⁄4 s0 ðqÞ þ is00 ðqÞ, we may rewrite the constraint condition, eqs. (8a) and (8b), as 21⁄2s0 ðqÞ 2 þ s00 ðqÞ 2 1⁄4 s; ð9aÞ s0 ðqÞ 2 s00 ðqÞ 2 1⁄4 0; ð9bÞ s0 ðqÞ s 00 ðqÞ 1⁄4 0: ð9cÞ As s0 ðqÞ is orthogonal to s00 ðqÞ, s ðqÞ is represented as s ðqÞ 1⁄4 s 2 u ðqÞ1⁄2i ðqÞ ij ðqÞ ; ð10Þ using a set of orthonormal real vectors i ðqÞ and j ðqÞ, where u ðqÞ is a phase factor. For two sites per unit cell, Yoshimori and Nagamiya have pointed out that [i1ðqÞ, j1ðqÞ] and [i2ðqÞ, j2ðqÞ] lie on the same plane. In this note, we prove that [i ðqÞ, j ðqÞ] are independent of for any number of sites per unit cell. Now, we consider the translational invariance of sn sm for Rn 61⁄4 Rm . For the single q model, we have sn sm 1⁄4 s ðqÞ s ðqÞ exp1⁄2iq ðRn þ Rm Þ þ s ðqÞ s ð qÞ exp1⁄2iq ðRn Rm Þ þ complex conj: ð11Þ This should be independent of Rn þ Rm because of the translational invariance of E. Then,


Summary form only given. Theoretical studies of systems confined to one temporal and two spatial co-ordinates, reveal many novel quantum mechanical features. These features result from Lagrangians which exhibit topological (Chern-Simons) structures. It has been speculated that some of the more exotic features, such as the appearances of fermion-like properties, may have experimentally observable consequences in the behaviour of cooled atoms or ions. The motivation behind the present paper is to investigate this proposition further by determining the eigenfunction and eigenenergy spectrum of an ion moving in a constant magnetic field and an external trapping potential. Such an arrangement may be considered as the generic example of two-dimensional topological theory.


This document describes the activities developed in the "Escuela Universitaria de Ingenieria Tecnica Aeronautica" (E.U.I.T.A.) at the "Universidad Politecnica de Madrid" (U.P.M.) in order to improve the cuality of the educat process for students in their first university year. The related activities have included a knowledge review course before the beginning of the normal classes and a tutorial action


The palladium‐catalyzed direct C–H olefination of unprotected uridine, 2′‐deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate, and uridine analogues are described here. This protocol provides an efficient, atom‐economical, and environmentally friendly method for the introduction of an alkenyl group at the C5 position of the uracil without pre‐functionalization. A series of C5‐alkenylated uridine analogues, including some biologically significant compounds and potential pharmaceutical candidates, were synthesized with exposed hydroxyl groups on the ribose. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.


Along with the development of big data, knowledge updating occurs in various situations, some scholars had studied the dynamic method of updating knowledge in multigranulation decision-theoretic rough sets when adding or deleting granular structures. However, there is no study about the case of adding or deleting objects, which limits the development of multigranulation decision-theoretic rough sets. Based on the matrix method, the dynamic knowledge updating of optimistic multigranulation decision-theoretic rough set and pessimistic multigranulation decision-theoretic rough set were studied in this paper, then given the static algorithm and dynamic algorithms, and the time complexity of three algorithms was analyzed. The theory and experimental results show that two dynamic algorithms are both more effective than the static algorithm.


We will demonstrate ArchStudio, an environment for software architecture modeling and meta-modeling. We will also showcase a set of innovative architecture-centric applications that use ArchStudio technologies as their basis.


Abstract : The aluminized layer effectively shields the surface blades of the 1st stage under rigid work conditions for 900 hours. In nonaluminized blades of the 2nd stage, despite the substantially lower work temperature, changes take place in the surface layer, which are connected to the formation of a zone impoverished by allowing elements. The structure and properties of the core for all investigated blades did not change. (Author)


Abstract: Ambers have been used mostly as beads, jewelry and ornaments from ancient times and excavatedas a buried artifact. When excavated, they are severely weathered to be cracked, exfoliated and disintegrated.Monitoring of changes in composition of amber according to weathering is very important for diagnosing thecondition of amber and applying conservation materials and techniques. In this study, we tried to find thecomponents of amber by analyzing amber with pyrolysis/GC/MS. The changes in the composition of pyrolzatesafter artificial ageing for 60 days under heat and oxygen were also observed. Abietic acid was detected asa main component of fresh amber and monoterpene, alkene, aromatic hydrocarbon were detected as majorpyrolyzates. Changes with artificial ageing was estimated by comparing the peak area ratio of 23 components,and it was found that abietic acid abruptly decreased in the presence of heat and oxygen together, revealingthat oxygen is a key factor to the deterioration of amber. It was also tried to understand the weathered surfaceof original amber gemstone based on the result of this ageing experiment.요약: 호박은 오래전부터 장식품, 공예품, 부장품 등으로 사용되어 매장문화재 형태로 발굴되고 있다.발굴 당시 호박은 풍화가 많이 진행되어 표면의 균열, 박락 등이 관찰된다. 풍화에 따른 호박의 성분 변화를 파악하는 것은 보존상태를 진단하고, 적절한 보존방법을 적용하는데 있어 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 열분해/GC/MS로 호박의 열분해 산물을 분석하여 호박을 구성하는 성분을 찾고자 하였다. 또한,열과 산소가 있는 조건에서 60일 동안 인공열화하여 호박의 열분해 산물의 구성비가 변화하는 것을 관찰하였다. 실험결과 호박의 주요 열분해 산물로 abietic acid가 검출되었고, monoterpene류, alkene류,aromatic hydrocarbon류가 검출되었다. 주요한 23개의 성분에 대해 열화에 따른 상대적인 면적비를 비교하여 열화에 따른 경향성을 파악하였다. 주성분인 abietic acid는 산소와 열이 있는 조건에서 급격하게 감소하였지만, 열만 있는 조건에서는 변화가 크지 않은 것으로 보아 산소가 호박의 열화에 중요한 역할을하는 것으로 판단된다. 실제 풍화된 호박 원석의 표면에 대해 열화실험 결과를 적용하여 열화상태를 파악하는 시도도 하였다.Key words: amber, py/GC/MS, artificial ageing, composition


Abstract The paper is depicting an initiative created by a creative industries' entrepreneur in Bandung, Indonesia, to enable local talents in order to be sustainable. Utilising their own personal resources, the company began to gather other parties in doing the business. It is one example of how the government, business practitioners and academics are able to collaborate in producing the way forward for a city. Implementing qualitative methodology of interview, the findings showed significant views of how the three strands of the Triple Helix concept were able to work collaboratively.


A door lock release device includes an actuator for releasing (73) Assignee: AISIN SEIKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA a door lock, a first detection means for detecting an opera tion of a door handle, a first control circuit for controlling an actuation of the actuator based on the detected door handle (21) Appl. No.: 10/389,739 operation, a Second detection means for detecting a vehicle State, and a Second control circuit independent from the first control circuit for controlling the actuation of the actuator (22) Filed: Mar. 18, 2003 based on the detected vehicle State.


Elastic cross sections for the scattering of positive and negative pions from /sup 58/Ni were measured at 30 MeV incident pion energy. Statistical errors of +- 3% and normalization errors of +- 6% were achieved. These data appear to confirm the theoretical construct that the physics which explains anomalously small shifts and widths in pionic atoms would be manifested in low energy pion-nucleus elastic scattering. The data show good agreement with the cross sections calculated assuming s and p partial waves are anomalous. Here anomalous refers to partial waves that are calculated from an optical potential which reproduces anomalously small level shifts and widths in pionic atoms. Conventional optical potentials do not agree as well with both the ..pi../sup +/ and ..pi../sup -/ data. Various conventional possibilities such as a larger neutron radius than proton radius in the nuclear density were tried, but these did not result in good agreement with the data.