Dear Editor, We readwith great interest a valve repair technique for congenital tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) by Quarti et al. In that article, four patients underwent patch augmentation of the anterior and posterior leaflets, due to septal leaflet tethering. However, it is not clear how they made the diagnosis of septal tethering. Moreover, we would argue that, when the anterior and posterior leaflets are not tethered, a tethered septal leafletmay be readily corrected with rigid ring annuloplasty alone. Furthermore, a mean 15-mm coaptation depth indicates combined tethering of all three leaflets, and the surgical results indicate normal chords. Also, it seemed that the useof a relatively largepatch the samesize as the32-mm rigid ringwould cause all the native leaflets to beburied in the coaptation zone, and the augmentingpatch, acting as a new leaflet, would be exposed to right ventricular pressure without any supporting tissue. Thus, tissue gatheringmay occur in the valve. Alternatively,wewould suggest that, with undersized ring annuloplasty, leaflet tethering could be reduced, and a smaller patch sizemay be sufficient for complete coaptation. In cases where all leaflets are congenitally thickened and leaflet mobility is poor, the technique implemented by Quarti et al. would be reasonable. However, when the leaflets are sufficiently mobile, leaflet coaptation can be achieved with a uniformsmall patch.Forexample,weachievedcomplete leaflet coaptation by performing leaflet augmentation with a uniform, 1.4 4.5-cm, elliptical pericardial patch in nine patients with remnant TR after ring annuloplasty with a No. 28 or 30 MC3 ring. The 1.4-cm width of the patchwas selected to form a 1.0-cm coaptation height in the anterior and posterior leaflets. It is difficult to decide whether to perform leaflet augmentation prior to annuloplasty. Remnant TR can be anticipated by performing a simulated annuloplasty with a single-row, 5-0 polypropylene suture before ring implantation. However, some patients require the removal of the implanted ring to perform patch augmentation. We recommend that, before leaflet augmentation, the clinician should consider using an undersized rigid ring (No. 28-size MC3 ring). No studies have reported that the ring size caused tricuspid valve stenosis, even on exertion, in adult patients.


The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Mozambique is one of the highest in the world, though in spite of this the prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is unknown. The clinical impact of OBI is unclear, but it's been related the increase of the risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusion, organ and bone marrow transplantation, HBV reactivation after immunosuppression and risk of progression to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of OBI among antiretroviral (ART) naive HIV-positive patients in Mozambique.


Cold-pressed lithium-silicon pellet electrodes were fabricated using nickel foam (current collector) and were tested using Li 2 Si−Si counterelectrodes, lithium chloride-potassium chloride electrolyte, and lithium-aluminium reference electrodes. They were tested at current densities between 20 and 400 mA/cm 2 and temperatures between 675 and 750 K. The effects of current collector content, porosity, electrolyte content, and starting material (Li 15 Si 4 , Li 2 Si, or Si) on the lithium utilization were studied


Carbohydrate reserves in grapevine are stored in form of starch and soluble sugars. The present study was conducted in order to understand the dynamics of insoluble carbohydrate reserves during dormancy season of some table and wines grapevine varieties. Six year old grapevine varieties (Muscat de Hamburg, Napoca, Cardinal, Perla de Csaba, Fetească regală, Muscat Ottonel, Pinot noir and Fetească neagră) were sampled before winter. During dormancy, starch level in canes was appreciated by iodin in potassium iodide method, wood and pith diameter measured and bud viability tested. The levels of starch in grape canes at the beginning of dormancy (November) was highest in Muscat de Hamburg (3.89), Napoca and Fetească regală (3.76) and the lowest in Cardinal (3.47). Due to climatic conditions over dormancy, starch began to resynthesize already during January and February, with significantly high levels for all varieties. Wood/pith ratio was highly correlated with starch level. Bud viability was directly influenced by the starch level in canes.


As an auxiliary data analysis tool,reports provide an intuitive and effective way for users' data analysis and decision-making and have been an important part of the enterprise informatization construction.The paper describes each component of an intelligent report system based on the template technology,and discusses its basic principle and technical architecture combining with the actual requirements.Using the predefined templates,the system provides a visual reporting capability,which will be helpful to reduce the technical difficulty of report development,decrease the costs of implementation and operation and maintenance.Thus,there is a broad application prospect in the power industry.


A nonequilibrium state is studied by a Langevin equation with an additional boundary condition. The active transport across the membrane is studied as an example of a nonequilibrium state. The electric potential is normally positive outside the cell membrane owing to the active transport of ions. A probabilistic boundary condition plays a role of pumping for ions in the Langevin simulation. The mathematical model can be solved using an averaged Fokker-Planck equation, and the solution is compared with the Langevin simulation.


The reassignment method (RM) and synchrosqueezing transform (SST) belong to the post-processing time frequency analysis (TFA) methods that are designed to improve the ability of some classical TFA methods to locate the time-varying signals. The related theory analysis and engineering applications are well-established in many studies. This study is intended to provide the geometry explanations to the post-processing manners of RM and SST that makes the relative mathematic theory easier to be understood. Based on the different post-processing behaviors., it can be known that., the RM can generate the energy-concentrated TFA results but cannot reconstruct signal, and the SST sacrifices the TFA resolution to re-obtain the ability of reconstructing mono-component modes. Finally, a novel TFA method combining the advantages of RM and SST is proposed.


Based on the C-NCAP side impact test results and components tests of a type of car,this paper established thorax airbag sub-model using MADYMO.By analyzing the problem in the chest of the dummy in the side impact,the thorax airbag was optimized through computer simulation.And the optimized thorax airbag was validated through components tests and sled tests.The results of the tests showed that the optimized thorax airbag can effectively reduce the chest injuries of the dummy and increase the score of the dummy's thorax in the car's side impact.


Seemingly equivalent preference assessment procedures (e.g., choose between a 40¢ Safeway brand cola and a 55¢ Coke) and matching (e.g., a Safeway brand cola costs 40¢; at what price would a Coke be equally attractive to you?) generate systematically different estimates of consumers' price–quality trade-offs. This result appears consistent with the prominence effect, whereby choices tend to weigh the prominent attribute more heavily than matching answers. Whereas prior accounts of prominence effect phenomena focused on characteristics of the choice task, we propose that the manner in which respondents match options is a major determinant of the choice–matching discrepancy. We suggest that matching answers tend to rely on proportional matching , superficial matching of attribute value intervals, rather than the attribute value at which the considered options are equally attractive. We also identify the attribute and alternative to which matching is applied, as moderators of its difference from choice. Based on our analysis we demonstrate how the large choice–matching preference discrepancy can be significantly reduced and even reversed. We discuss implications of this research for our understanding of task effects on consumer price–quality trade-offs and mechanisms that underlie the prominence effect.


The paper gives an overview of external factors affecting quality in screen translation. It challenges a common assump-tion that an effective audiovisual translation is only possible when due regard is given to the linguistics and semiotic complexity of the source text, i.e. its internal characteristics. External factors are numerous and range from time and money constraints and availability of scripts to whims of policy-makers in mass media and issues of authorship in AVT. The paper aims to show that poor translation quality often results from poor work environment, lack of training and well-established cooperation between the parties involved in the translation process. It is illustrated with practical ex-amples and attempts to widen the scope of a purely linguistic approach to quality assessment in AVT.


The invention relates to a maintenance system for potted plants, which comprises a potted plant and a mobile terminal, wherein the potted plant comprises a plant container and plants, and the mobile terminal comprises a detecting device, a storing device, a processing device and an outputting device.. Through setting plant ID (identifiers) corresponding to the plants one by one in the plant container, each plant has a unique corresponding identifier in a database; the plant ID is read and the real-time growth environment information of the plant is detected by using the detecting device in the mobile terminal, and the plant ID and the real-time growth environment information are stored into a real-time database, then the real-time growth environment information of the plant is compared with standard growth environment information, and then maintenance information is output so as to guide an ordinary person to carry out proper and effective maintenance on the plant, thereby reducing the cost for hiring the professional maintenance personnel. Therefore, the maintenance system is especially applicable to the occasions such as shopping centers, office buildings and houses. The invention also provides another maintenance system comprising a server for potted plants and a method thereof.


We prove new results on the connections between reduction numbers and the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of blowup algebras and blowup modules, the key basic tool being the operation of Ratliff-Rush closure. First, we answer in two particular cases a question of M. E. Rossi, D. T. Trung, and N. V. Trung about Rees algebras of ideals in two-dimensional Buchsbaum local rings, and we even ask whether one of such situations always holds. In another theorem we generalize a result of A. Mafi on ideals in two-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local rings, by extending it to arbitrary dimension (and allowing for the setting relative to a Cohen-Macaulay module). We derive a number of applications, including a characterization of (polynomial) ideals of linear type, progress on the theory of generalized Ulrich ideals, and improvements of results by other authors.


Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy data indicate that, during the crosslinking reaction, styrene monomers polymerize forming atactic PS segments which are an integral part of the polyester/styrene network


For private sector projects in Singapore where the main contract between the employer and main contractor is based on the standard form contract published by the Singapore Institute of Architects ("SIA Main Contract"), the nominated sub-contracts entered into between the main contractor and nominated or designated sub-contractors will invariably adopt the SIA Conditions of Sub-Contract ("SIA Sub-Contract") for use in conjunction with the SIA Main Contract. [T]he First Edition of the SIA Sub-Contract remained intact for almost 19 years until its recent overhaul in the Second Edition launched by the SIA in August 1999 in conjunction with the Main Contract (6th Edition). This article examines the major changes in the new edition of the SIA Sub-Contract and their implications for the construction industry.


In this work, a 140 GHz down-conversion mixer has been developed based on SiGe BiCMOS technology. The mixer employs a Gm-boosting method intended for simultaneous achievement of improved conversion gain and reduced LO power requirement. Measured peak conversion gain is 7.4 dB at RF frequency of 135.6 GHz and LO power of 10 dBm at 134 GHz. The entire circuit draws 0.67 mA from a 2.2 V supply. Measured input referred P−1dB is −21 dBm.


The present invention is a polyester of the formula (1) relates to a modified polysiloxane type: Wherein, A is a carbon atom number of 1 to 8 alkyl group, Z is a carbon number of 1 to 14 aliphatic group, R is And / or group A containing at least three, and the weight average molecular weight of 200 to 4000 g / mol and jere Bt Smirnoff (Zerewitinoff) a hydrogen to that aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic polyester having atomic esters, Q is a jere Bt Smirnoff hydrogen atom containing no reactive carbon-carbon, a group without a multiple bond, m is from 3 to 200, and a o + n = 2 o and n are not both zero. The invention further also relates to the use of the aforementioned compounds of the invention in the thermoplastic resin, and a compound coating material for molding. Polyester-modified polysiloxane type, thermoplastic resin compound for molding, coating materials,


Snakes or Active contours, are algorithms that are tremendously used to achieve image segmentation by edge detection. The drawbacks in the active contour model gave rise to new external forces such as Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) and Vector Field Convolution (VFC). In the past few decades, the GVF and the VFC active contour models have been in constant comparison regarding the speed and accuracy of object detection within the image domain. This paper develops a comparison between the two models on a few sample leaf images.


Received Nov 22, 2020 Revised Mar 25, 2021 Accepted Jun 11, 2021 Modeling the behavior of the battery is non-trivial. Nevertheless, an accurate battery model is required in the design and testing of systems such wireless sensor network (WSN) and internet of things (IoT). This paper presents the one resistive-capacitance (1RC) battery model with simple parameterization technique for nickel metal hydride (NiMH). This model offers a good tradeoff between accuracy and parameterization effort. The model's parameters are extracted through the pulse measurement technique and implemented in a physical and dynamic simulator. Finally, the performance of the model is validated with the real-life NiMH battery by applying current pulses and real wireless sensor node current profiles. The results of the voltage response obtained from both the model and experiments showed excellent accuracy, with difference of less than 2%.


New drugs are urgently needed for parasitic protozoan infections and repurposing drugs is a promising approach for the drug development process. New and emerging data support the repurposing of the FDA-approved drug disulfiram along with zinc supplement as an anti-parasitic agent (Figure 1).The drug repurposing approach identifies new therapeutic uses for approved drugs outside of their original indication. Drug repurposing is an attractive alternative strategy because of the high failure rate, significant cost, and long time-consuming task for new drug discovery and development \cite{Farha_2019}. Current therapies for parasitic infections are unsatisfactory due to drug resistance, toxicity, limited treatment options, and poor efficacy \cite{De_Rycker_2018}. Therefore, new drugs are urgently needed for these infections which contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality, and drug repurposing may help address this need.


The article presents one-girder roadway structures for suspended cranes, conveyors and other machinery, as well as different ways of dimensioning them, taking into account the specifics of the state of the load acting on the lower flange of the roadway in accordance with the new standard EN15011:2011+A1:2014. In addition, an example of numerical modelling, using the finite element method, of an overhead travelling crane I-beam girder, being the roadway of a travelling hoist, is presented. The focus is primarily on local stresses occurring in the lower flange, which arise as a result of the occurrence of pressure from the wheels. In addition to the dominant stresses from general bending, the phenomenon of lower flange deflection is of great importance in terms of the final dimensions of the girder. The simulation results were compared with the results of analytical calculations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.23.3.14083


In the paper we propose a method of building up ontology of processes. First, a summary of our approach to ontology building using Transparent Intensional Logic (TIL) is presented. Since TIL operates smoothly at three levels of abstraction, namely hyperintensional, intensional and extensional level, we have a logical machinery to explicate concepts as hyperintensions which we define as TIL closed constructions in their normal form. Constructions are procedures that produce intensions or extensions as their products. Thus TIL is apt for modelling ontology as an extensional logic of (hyper-)intensions. However, while ontologies of a given specific domain are frequently studied, ontology of processes has been rather neglected. The goal of this paper is to fill the gap and to extend our method to the specification of process ontology. Since logical analysis presupposes full linguistic competency, we intend to make use of the results of linguistic analysis, in particular of verb-valency frames. Each process can be specified by a verb (what is to be done), possibly with parameters like the agent/actor of the process (who), the object to be operated on, resources, etc. Since valency frames correspond to senses of verbs, we thus obtain a finer specification of the process/procedure. Particular properties of the actor and other parameters are then specified as requisites of the process or its typical properties.


On July 17,2007,a major rainstorm occurred in the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains. The analysis results show that the circulation background of the rainstorm displays a two-body pattern of South Asia high and stabilization of low system in the middle of Asia.On the condition of steady stratification, the systematic ascending motion in the both sides of the Tianshan Mountains,the northern airflow in low levels,and the orographic uplift all augment rainstorm precipitation.The rainstorm area is corresponding to the cyclonic vortex column,with the vapor transported to the rainstorm area from Bay of Bengal through high-level southwesterly winds and lower northeasterly winds.There is a close relation between positive potential vorticity anomaly and the rainstorm.


Concern about the rising prevalence of antibiotics-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has been expressed in the last three decades. However, intensive studies on extracts and biologically-active compounds isolated from medicinal plants have also doubled in the last decade. As a result of paucity of knowledge and folkloric claim on the leaves effectiveness in infectious disease treatments, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and lignans present in the crude Sesame radiatum leaves extracts. Ethanolic, Methanolic and Aqueous extracts of Sesame radiatum leaves were studied for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative micro-organisms and Yeast using Agar diffusion method. The GC-MS phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed the presence of carboxylic acids and phenolic groups in essential oils especially some of the most potent antioxidants like Sesamol, Sesamolin and Sesamin. Both the methanolic and ethanolic extracts have broad spectrum antimicrobial effect against all the tested micro-organisms except Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus respectively, while the aqueous extract exhibited no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae except on Candida albicans. The result confirmed the folkloric claims of the antimicrobial effectiveness of locally consumed Sesame leaves extracts especially against bacterial and common skin infection in many areas of the Country (Nigeria).


The study of the diversity of the parasite fauna in the investigated foxes showed a high level of infestation (100%). The taxonomy of parasitofauna in foxes includes 12 parasitic invasions (Isospora canis – 14,3%, Alaria alata – 51,0%, Mesocestoides lineatus – 21,7%, Taeniidae spp – 27,0%, Syphacia obvelata – 17,0%, Strongyloides stercoralis – 13,3%, Toxocara canis – 59,0%, Toxascaris leonina – 65,5%, Ancylostoma caninum – 8,7%, Trichuris vulpis – 26,1%, Trichuris muris – 4,4%, Capilaria hepatica – 35,0%), which belong to 5 classes, 10 families, 11 genera and about 12 species. The share of species from the Sporozoa class is 8.3%, from the Trematoda class - 8.3%, from the Cestoda class - 16.7%, from the Secernentea class - 41.7% and from the Adenophorea class - 25.0%. Analyzing the parasitic species on epidemiological criterion, it was found that 10 species (83.3%) with large spread have zoonotic impact (A. alata, M. lineatus, Taenia spp., S. obvelata, S. ratti, T. canis, T. leonina, A. caninum, C. hepatica, T. vulpis) with a major risk to public health, and the identified invasions (100%) can parasitize domestic animals, as well as game fauna.


The article is aimed at determining the essence of the category of «customs security» and its place in the national security system of the State. The category of «customs security» and its main components are analyzed. Approaches to interpretation of this category are considered in line with the national legislation and in accordance with the views of leading domestic and foreign scholars. The wording on which it is advisable to rely in further research is defined. The adjacent category of «customs interests of the State» is considered in the context of the analysis of the category of «customs security», the main types of customs interests of Ukraine at the present stage are defined and grouped, also their graphical presentation is provided. It is determined that the scope of all customs interests of the State lies in the plane of achieving certain economic results and compliance with customs legislation by subjects of foreign economic activity and regulatory authorities. An important step of the State in this direction will be to consolidate the list of customs interests at the legislative level, because it still remains undocumented in Ukrainian legislative acts. The role and place of customs security of Ukraine in the national security system of the State are analyzed, which determines that customs security belongs to such part of national security as economic security. Although in the domestic practice of computing the level of economic security the customs security is not singled out as a separate part of economic security, the fact of communication of economic security with customs is indisputable, since the customs interests of the State, the status of protection of which forms customs security, lie in the economic plane. It is found out that customs security is associated with almost all components of economic security, but the closer link is observed between customs and financial security, as well as between customs and foreign security.


This paper presents a precision landing system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). When designing the solution, we paid special attention to the required accuracy of the various sensors. The system comprises a highly accurate flight controller and a visual sensor for object detection. The platform is constructed to integrate into various types of unmanned aerial vehicles. The method for the visual tracking of the landing platform via an optical camera enables us to increase the landing reliability. The precise position of the unmanned aerial vehicle at landing is provided by an image analysis where the specially designed landing platform is detected. All calculations for precision landing guidance are performed directly on board. An infrared (IR) camera is used as the main sensor for monitoring the IR light beam. This aircraft guidance technique does not necessitate data transfer to and from the landing station. The proposed system can be a suitable solution to replace more complex and expensive systems, such as RTK GPS (Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System). A hexacopter drone was used for the test flights, and the results obtained were then subjected to comparison. The navigation to the location was first tested by a GPS sensor only; subsequent tests flights, however, already relied on a visual sensor. All of the precision landing options eventually yielded the required quality.


The samples consisting of SmBa2Cu3Oy (Sm123) precursors with RE2BaCuO5(RE211, RE=Y, Gd and Sm) or Nd4Ba2Cu2O10 (Nd422) were melt-textured in a reduced oxygen atmosphere. We have studied the relationship between the size of RE211 particles and the critical current density (J c ). When Y211 and Gd211 were added to a starting material, the size of RE211 phase particles in the bulk sample was remarkably reduced. As a result, J c values of these samples were larger than those of Sml23/Sm211 sample. The large c-axis oriented bulk sample 32mm in diameter was successfully fabricated from Sml23-Gd211precursor with 20wt% Ag2O addition. The trapped magnetic field of this bulk reached l.0T at 77K.


With the experiment of heating and oxidizing the boghead samples from several coalmines through a set of self designed experimental apparatus together with gas chromatography, the author studied the influence of coal granularity, quantity of air stream and content of methane in the coal to the oxidization of coal at low temperature, and obtained some valuable conclusions.


Water-soluble acrylic-styrene resin which can be used as a dispersant in water-based ink with average molecular weight Mn between 3,000 to 6,000 and narrow molecular weight distribution, was synthesized through semi-batch solution polymerization process, adopting α-methyl styrene as one of the comonomers. Temperature, type of initiators, molecular regulator, addition time of monomers were investigated in terms of monomer conversion, molecular weight and its distribution. The compositions of copolymer were characterized, using FT-IR, DSC.


This paper interrogates philosophical philosophical links between a femme fatale  and 'the nasty woman' - the insult enunciated by Donald Trump about Hillary Clinton - which became a feminist slogan hailing female agency during the 2016 presidential campaign. Mary Ann Doane's Femme Fatales (1991), now a classic text, points out to the inherent instability of the character of femme fatale.  In her introduction Doane stresses that 'sexuality becomes the site of questions about what can and cannot be known'. Zizek (2006) in his discussions of the femme fatale focuses on 'the explosion of wild, unbearable desires' rather than the figure being a possible gesture of resistance vis a vis the patriarchal system. Is it possible to think of the characters of 'nasty women' in television and cinema (such as Carrie Mathison in femme fatale in Homeland  Maya in Homeland in Zero Dark Thirty etc)  sa the descendants of the traditions of the femme fatale?    Drawing from the work of feminist philosophers such a Judith Butler and Catherine Malabou, and using example from my practice research in post colonial and non western settings, in this paper I pose questions pertaining to agency, sexuality and the feminine in contemporary film and culture.


A harmonious society is the future of human civilization into the dream of social form,is a desire for thousands of years can not rectifiable society.This is in Chinese history,especially prominent.It can be said on behalf of a harmonious society "Great Harmony" thinking from the business week on whom continue to make numerous people with lofty ideals are deeply strugg-ling.There were some excellent ideas and insightful knowledge,benevolence ideas on that one,in the subsequent period of Mencius,and Ming Zhu Xi,Wang Ming yang of the Song and Qing Tan citong of are on "Benevolence"in relation to this.And,this idea also is to build a socialist harmonious sciety today in all areas play an important role in modern reflection.


Rapid germination and emergence is an important factor of successful establishment in soybean. Response of soybean varieties to hydro priming duration were investigated under field condition at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil located at Bagauda, and at Gaya fields respectively in 2018 rainy season. The treatment consisted of four improved soybean varieties (TGX-1835, TGX-1904, TGX-1951 and TGX-1955) and four priming duration (0hour (dry seed or control), 4hours, 6hours and 8hours) respectively, they were combined and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The result showed that priming duration has significant effect on stand count and plant height at Gaya alone, there were no significant effects on the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number seeds per plant, grain yield (t/ha). The highest value was obtained at 8 hour priming duration at both locations. The varieties tested also differed significantly, where TGX-1904 and TGX-1951 recorded superior growth and yield parameters compared to TGX-1835 and TGX-1955 at Gaya. At Bagauda TGX-1904 and TGX-1955 proved superior in terms of stand counts, plant heights at eight weeks after sowing compared to others. From the foregoing, therefore, it is recommended that, priming duration of 8 hours in both locations and varieties TGX-1904 and TGX-1951 could be cultivated by soybean farmers in Gaya while varieties TGX-1904 and TGX-1955 is recommended for farmers in Bagauda for good crop yield.


Summary Attitudes towards having and raising children were assessed in a two-county survey in northern Idaho. Ss, 360 women and 258 men of various ages and educational level, completed a questionnaire designed to measure the degree to which the respondent: (a) manifests a negative and punitive stance towards children, (b) is overprotective, (c) thinks children should be pushed in acquiring social skills, and (d) believes that children are essential for the well being of a family and marriage. In support of earlier research negative attitudes towards children were associated with younger women who had three or more children in a relatively short time. However, it seems that educational level of the respondents as well as the value they place upon children may offset negative attitudes towards child-rearing attributed to family size or density.


If the public switched telephone system required human operators in the model of the turn of the twentieth century, as it required at the turn of the nineteenth, every man, woman ,and child in American would have to be a telephone switch operator. In fact, every individual who makes a phone call is a switch operator. The switch interface is a twelve button pad that fails almost every possible standard for highly usable design. Today, the Internet has reached a point where every person is required provision security, usually for their home networks. Unlike telephony, however, users are failing systematically in this function. How can individuals secure their own computers? What form might a system that encourages or enables users to generate security information take? How can an individual detect and repair a subversion in a machine, if the machine's reports about its own state are not trustworthy?


The role of the monetary policy of the central bank in ensuring the stability of the national currency is to strengthen the national currency in the Republic, to increase the purchasing power of soums, to ensure stability and to cover such issues as improving the standard of living of the population.


Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) could be utilized to develop an innovative and functional food product, especially for stunting prevention, due to their nutritional content. In this study, those commodities were incorporated into tapioca noodle formulation, with the ratio of sorghum and tapioca flours was 20:80 and 5% moringa leaf flour. This formula resulted in 4.12% protein, 1.15% fat, 81.75% carbohydrate, and 5.88% dietary fiber and provided 353.77 kcal energy per 100g product. This made our product could be considered low-fat and a source of dietary fiber. Magnesium (42.89 mg/ 100 g), phosphorus (68.18 mg/100 g), zinc (0.58 mg/100 g), and iron (4.21 mg/100 g) were minerals presented in the product, while no vitamin A and D were detected. The complete essential amino acids were also found in this product, with 5.5; 26.4; and 32.7 mg/100 g of omega-3, -6, and -9 fatty acids, respectively. This result indicated the potency of health-promoting effects in stunted children. However, future research should emphasize increasing the protein content of sorghum-moringa substituted tapioca noodles.


Innovation enterprise is an important component in the economic system of China, making indelible contribution for the flourishing and prosperity of economy of China. After a long-term development and improvement in many developed countries, the company major risk identification system has formulated a complete system gradually. The establishment method of risk identification system has been gradually transferred to mainly depending on capital market theory and computer information processing quantitative statistics from subjective scoring method and statistical discrimination method. The paper starts from the establishment of risk identification system for innovation enterprise, compares the risk identification methods to the innovation enterprise. The data sample is obtained through financial statement of the enterprise, questionnaire investigation and experts' scoring method. Based on the prediction model of three-tier BP neural network, the risk identification indicators are learned and trained in order to get the importance of all variables and improve and optimize current risk identification evaluation system to the innovation enterprise at last.


Partially oxygenated hydrocarbons produced from natural gas have been shown to be viable alternate fuels for the diesel engine, showing favorable combustion characteristics similar to that of diesel fuel but without exhaust particulates and with significantly reduced NO{sub x} emissions and lower engine noise. Further, engine studies have demonstrated that such compounds, like dimethyl ether (DME), can be injected at much lower pressures than conventional diesel fuel with better overall performance. This experimental study compares the injection of DME to that of conventional diesel fuel. Both fuels were injected into a quiescent high pressure chamber containing Nitrogen at pressures up to 25 atmospheres at room temperature with a pintle nozzle and jerk pump. Comparisons were obtained with high speed photography using a Hycam camera. Results indicate that there are significant differences in spray geometry and penetration which are not predictable with analytical models currently used for diesel fuels.


The samples were taken from two Junior High Schools in Volusia County. One was a segregated Negro school with a pupil population of 750 and the other an integrated school with a pupil population of 1400. Fifty-five eighth grade pupils were selected at random from the segregated school and matched on the basis of seventh grade mental maturity scores with fifty-five pupils who had been in attendance at the integrated school for a period of two years. The test scores used for matching was the language IQ of the California Mental Maturity Test, administered in the county-wide testing program of 1966. In the spring of 1968 all one hundred pupils took the Stanford Achievement. Scores on the Paragraph Meaning, Arithmetic Computation and Language subtests were used as post tests.


Our study explore treatment personnel's discourse concerning addiction and addiction treatment within a range of treatment approaches and how this affects the development of the field, in this effort an analytical discourse approach is applied. In the study two primary discourses emerge, the harm reduction discourse and the treatment discourse. Our conclusion is that these two are engaged in a struggle for interpretationrights and legitimacy within the addiction treatment field. In spite of this discursive struggle a sympathetic aspiration is reflected in the treatment personnel's talk about helping those clients who in the traditional sense are not "drug free" and subsequently are labeled "as impossible". This can be understood in light of the two discourses beginning to interact with each other and thus needing to renegotiate the treatment field's configuration as a whole as well as which treatment programs are legitimized.


— This paper discusses the superposition of qualita- tive rectangles so that some parts are visible and other parts are hidden based on the user's requirements. Qualitative rectangles are rectangles whose size and edge ratios are not fixed. We investigate the conditions under which such a superposition succeeds as well as the manner in which such superposition occurs. We also show an algorithm for superposing a multiple number of qualitative rectangles. It is applicable to construct qualitative spatial database for multiple window placement systems.


This work examines 3 aspects of the study of the effects of regional industrial development on population growth: 1) the form taken by analyses of migration to such regions 2) the limitations of the "development pole-enclave" dichotomy that has been used to classify social processes in such regions and 3) works which assess the phenomenon as a contradiction or lack of complementarity between the interests of the national economy and those of regional development. Changes in the methodological orientation of migration studies have led to the replacement of works explaining the movement by comparing conditions in the sending and receiving areas by works which examine differences in the social relations of production in the 2 types of area. Both approaches suffer however from viewing the sending and receiving areas as discrete entities and not analyzing the migratory process in its totality. The concepts of development pole and enclave appear suggestive but in practice are extremely difficult to define leading to confusion as to their implications and usefulness. The tendency to use the terms in a normative manner further impairs their analytical usefulness. The most useful approach to regional industrial development thus far appears to be that which examines conflicts between national economic interests and regional development needs. This approach has the merit of resolving some of the conceptual problems of the development pole-enclave approach. Examples of recent studies undertaken in different parts of Mexico illustrate the 3 types of analysis and their shortcomings.


Seismic reOecti on data fro m two lines o n Rut/o rd lee Stream a re presented and are compa red with data alread y publi shed from a third line on the ice stream. The' a mplitude and phase of the rel1ections have been used to investigate the properti es of the sub-ice materi a l. Multiple reOections on long record-l eng th data a ll owed ca librati on of the reOection coeI1ic ient a t the ice-bed interface a nd determination of the aco ustic impedance o f the bed m a teria l. The cha racteri stics of the bed m a teria l \'a ry both a long and ac ross the ice stream. The a \'Crage aco~s tic im.peq a l~ce o f thc bed ma teri a l ac(ross th~ glaCI er at the upstream IIlle IS 3.88 x 10 kg m s . 1 hi s dec reases to 3.19 x 10 kg m s 152 km furth er dow nstI-eam. These \'a ILles a re withill th e J'a nge which is typical of soft sediments. Us ing aco usti c impedance as a n indica tor of sub g lacia l porosit y, som e a reas of the ice-stream bed a re interpreted as dil a tant water-satura ted sediments undergo ing per\'as ive d eform ation. ]n o ther a reas, the bed is not deforming a nd basa l sliding m ay be a more important process. The proportion o f the ice-stream w idth o\Tr which bed deform ati on occurs increases dovvnstream. ICE-STREAM FLOW AND BASAL CON DITIONS oOw Ice stream s dra in as much as 90% of the icc o f the Anta rctic ice shec t (l\ [organ a nd o thers, 1982) a nd 0 0 \\' at w loc ities \\'hi ch a re typica ll y one to two orders of m ag nitude greater tha n tha t o f the surrounding ice shee t. Ice-strea m Oow is large ly controll ed by fri c tion at the sides a nd at the bed , with basa l conditi ons rela ti\ 'ely more importa nt toward s the ce ntre o f the ice stream (Frolich a nd Doake, 1988; Echclmeye r a nd others, 1994). The fas t ice now wh ich is observed at the surface or a n ice stream is belin'ed to be assoc ia ted \\'ith three poss ible processes occurring a t the base: basal sliding; deformation of a so ft subglacia l bed ; a nd deformati on o f a region of so ft ice forming the lower pa rt of the ice colum n. These three processes pres uma bl y occ ur in different pro po rti o ns beneath differelll ice st rea m s a nd glaciers a nd m ay a lso \'a ry spati ally within a n ice strcam. 90 0 W t----;---It~--I-----+---__1____+'--_4 90oE Th ere is littl e fi eld evidence as to whic h of these three basal processes actu a ll y occur benea th present-day ice stream s a nd in what propo rti ons. Two ice streams where some ev ide nce of the basal conditi ons ex ists a re lee Stream B in Wes t Anta rctica andJa kobsha\'lls Isbn!:: in Greenla nd. Seismic sunTys prO\ 'ided evidence for a so ft defo rming bed beneath Ice Stream B (Fig. I) (All ey a nd o thers, 1986, 1987; Bla nkenship a nd others, 1986, 1987b), which was confirmed by subsequeIll drilling (Engclhardt a nd o thers, 1990). In contras t, temperature pro fil es suggest tha t de formation of a thick laye r o f rela ti ve ly so ft basa l ice contributes significa ntl y to the fas t fl ow o f J a kobshav ns 1sbrd' (Tkell a nd others, 1993). Unlike se ismic surveys on Ice Stream B, those on J a ko bshav ns Isbrd' did not detec t a ny clea rl y defin ed subice laye r (C larke and Echelmeyer, 1996). Rutfo rd Ice Stream is a fast-fl owing g lac ier (Fig. I) which dra ins ice into the ROllne Ice Shelf The d yna mics orits ice Fig. 1. Loralion map sliOlC'ing RlltJord Ire Strealll and olher jJ/aces menlioned illlhe 11' \ 1. 11 0 \\' hm'e been desc ribed in a number of pa pers (Stephenson a nd D oa ke, 1982; Doake a nd others, 1987; Froli eh and others. 1987, 1989; Frolieh a nd D oake, 1988). Ice vel ocity is high (300400 m a I; Frolich a nd others, 1989) a nd basa l shea r stress is low (a round 40 kPa; Froli ch a nd D oake, 1988), so th e ice stream is not froze n to the bed a nd the basa l ice is proba bl y close to the pressu re-melting po int. Acti\ 'e seismic surveys we re ca rri ed o ut on Rutfo rd Ice Stream during the 1991 92 a nd 199293 li ekl seasons (Smith , 199+)


Introduction We prospectively evaluated an ERAS in a large gynaecologic oncology tertiary centre serving the South East Health region in Norway. Methods Patients undergoing laparotomy for (suspected) ovarian cancer at the Oslo University Hospital were prospectively included in a pre-implementation and post-implementation cohort. Baseline characteristics, adherence to the pathway and clinical outcomes were assessed. Results Of the 439 patients, 235 (54%) underwent surgery for advanced ovarian cancer and 204 (46%) for a suspicious ovarian mass. Median fasting times for solids (13 vs 16 h, p Conclusion Introduction of an ERAS pathway resulted in less variance in practice and increased adherence to current standards in perioperative management. Patients were more often able to be discharged directly home without an increase in admission rates.


Abstract : This paper proposes that a nation's major national interests do not change abruptly, but instead are relatively fixed and are dictated to a great extent by international political, economic and military realities. The dangers of apparent abandonment, or failure to recognize the importance, of a nation's long-term vital interests are pointed out, and historical examples discussed. Characteristic weaknesses of US foreign policy are elucidated and some corrective measures are suggested for the future. (Author)


A case report of successful Ameloblastoma treatment by Dredging Method, in left mandibular resgion of 25 years old female. Dredging was taken three times with six months period, following enucleation three months before. Evaluation of the effectiveness of this procedure showed from histopathological examination, panoramic radiograph and the mandible attained normal form and function.


In today scenario, urbanization and related infrastructure development in the form of an excavation adjacent to the existing structure are inevitable. In this case, the stability of an existing structure closer to the excavation is a serious concern. The main issue here is that, what is the safe distance at which new construction can take place from the existing structure? There are many research articles that states on the failure of an existing structure due to new construction adjacent to it in the form of excavations. Given the above, the paper presents the numerical results based on the finite element analyses that were performed for various parameters to examine the behaviour of existing square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations in loose sand using PLAXIS3D software. In the finite element analysis, the behaviour of the footing and sheet pile walls were modelled using a linear elastic material and the elastoplastic behaviour of soil was modelled using a Mohr-Coulomb model under drained conditions. The literature available on this topic reveals that the excavation dimensions, shape of the footing, depth of the footing, location of the footing from the excavation, relative stiffness factor and relative density of sand are influencing the response of existing footing. Two different shapes of excavations such as a long length with narrow excavation under plane strain condition and short length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions were considered in this study. Numerical results indicate that the response of the square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations are very much significant and mainly depends on the size of the excavation. The vertical and horizontal displacement, bending moment of the footing is increasing with an increase in depth of excavation. The footing located very closer to the excavation is significantly influenced as compared to the footing located far away from the excavation. The safe location of the square footing based on the settlement criteria is found to be 1.3 m from the excavation for shorter length excavation under three-dimensional conditions and 10 m for longer length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions.


Location-based advertising (LBA) is a mobile phone service to apply customers' geographic location to provide suitable advertisement. It was proved in literature to be effective to motivate purchasing intention. However, perceived benefits would be accompanied by perceived risks of privacy concerns to users. The precondition of receiving the LBA is to turn on the location functions in the mobile device. This study applies the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method to analyze the factors evaluated by consumers while considering to turn on the GPS functions for receiving LBA. The analytic results reported that "functional value", "privacy considerations" and "inertia and usage of other 3C habits" are the top three important decision dimensions. In terms of decision factors, the most top three important evaluation factors are "habit of using 3C device", "getting money-saving opportunities" and "whereabouts". The findings are useful not only for LBA providers to design and manage their advertising practices but also for consumers to understand the critical factors while considering to turn on the GPS functions for receiving LBA.


Utilization photovoltaic cells for water pumping is one of the most techniques in solar energy applications. Design and performance analyze of solar energy for pumping water through drip irrigation system are studied the field experiment was conducted during 2017 (from January to December). The experiment was conducted in privet farm located at Madinat Wadi EL Natrun, El Buhayrah, Governorate , Egypt N 30 32"29. 7859" and E30 1"41.2169", with average solar radiation between 3.52 and 6.2 kWh/m/day considers the ideal location for solar energy harvesting soil tenure is sandy soil for cultivation of olive tree orchard (europaea olea) was planted on a 10 faddan. Trees in the orchard had a spacing of 5 × 5 m. Although solar energy and drip irrigation system are highly important technologies in developing countries, they are rarely used together. This paper is concerned to design of direct coupled solar energy water pumping in drip irrigation system without using batteries. The solar pumping system consists of 39 modules of 259.8 watts each and 10.13 kW. AC Submersible water pump. The system was tested for its performance in terms of discharge variation due to change in solar energy. It was examine the various factors contributing to the performance of solar power, such as radiation tracking, hertz and power output, on pump discharge. It was observed during normal climatic conditions the PV array produced power in the range of 9.115 to 10.627 kW from 10:30 am to 3:30 pm during the year. It was observed that reduction in power generation the mean 14.22 % during noon conditions. Photovoltaic (PV) array produced maximum power of 10627.2 watts (12:30 pm) while, voltage, frequency and current of 561 V 49.1HZ and 15.4 A respectively. It is in the morning conditions that pump delivered discharge of 32.8m/h as an average from 9.45 am to 1.30 pm of the head of 1.3 bar. It was observed that, in noon conditions pump delivered discharge of 41.82 m3/h (12:30 pm) at the head of 2.1 bar. It was observed that power output from the solar array increases as solar intensity increases. The month with the highest solar radiation was with an average of 6.27, 6.06and 5.97 kW/m/month Ac. for months August, July and June respectively. Whereas the three months that average the lowest average solar radiation levels was 3.5, 3.94 and 4.12 kW/m/month for months December, January and November respectively.


The need to change the mode share for travel in the Perth Metropolitan Region is clearly enunciated as a set of targets in the region's Metropolitan Transport Strategy. Many people consider the task of changing travel behaviour in a car dominated city like Perth to be difficult if not largely impossible. Changed travel behaviour is essential if the Metropolitan Transport Strategy targets are to be achieved. This paper outlines the potential level of behaviour change that can be achieved through the behavioural approach without the need for system improvements, pricing and land use policies. The in-depth research technique employed has been developed by Werner Broeg over many years and its application in the Cities of South Perth and Subiaco and Town of Victoria Park is an important ingredient in the debate about achieving the Metropolitan Transport Strategy targets. The research shows that, in the three local authority areas where the research was undertaken, in theory the Metropolitan Transport Strategy targets are achievable even without improvements to the transport system. The question therefore is not whether the targets can be achieved but which travel demand management techniques are the most effective in achieving the targets. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD E200461.


The chapter seeks to examine the role of the non-governmental life science community in combatting the development, proliferation, and use of chemical weapons. In particular, it focuses on the initiatives and efforts to engage life scientists with the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and aims to elucidate how these can be modelled in the context of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). The chapter further looks into the ways in which life scientists can directly contribute to strengthening the regime against chemical and biological weapons given the increasing integration of biology with chemistry, often described as convergence.


The main objective of this study is to apply real options theory in the analysis of entry and exit prices regarding investments in coffee crop fields. We confront entry and exit strategies based on real options with neoclassical economics approach and with naïve strategies. Using market data for Arabic coffee, the results based on the real option approach lead to better results when comparing different strategies for implementing and abandoning investments in the culture of coffee. Key-words: culture of coffee, entry and exit strategies


The notion of innovation and the Fourth Industrial Revolution euphoria are not mutually exclusive and require a focused assessment on the readiness of governments around the world. Such assessments are more compelling for developing countries to determine their level of preparedness regarding changing global technological innovations. This is essential since public institutions across the globe are usually faced with a challenge of providing quality goods and services to the citizens. Innovative public health management strategies and approaches are seen as mechanisms that may provide solutions towards service delivery improvement; this also include developing countries such as South Africa. However, as highlighted in this article, public institutions are often characterized by various innovative management impediments and lack of effective innovative management considerations. These challenges are often blamed for untenable approaches to service delivery improvements in the public sector. With a distinct focus on the Department of Health in Limpopo province, this article focuses on the innovative public health management measures necessary for improvement in the public service. This is a necessary sub-national government posture that requires customized interventions regarding the local health needs of Limpopo province. In order to pursue the aforementioned study objective, the current researchers opted for a qualitative research approach. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion were used in succession as data collection strategies. These were conducted on Provincial health managers and District councils as respondents who were considered informative on the utilization of modern innovations. Document analysis was also considered critical for this approach to consider the manner in which the Provincial Department of Health operationalizes its conception of innovation within its systems. The findings highlight a need for innovative interventions, necessary to enhance the provision of public health services within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.


of Study In recent years, the employment and industrial relations policies of multinational firms have become an important focus of both political discussion and academic research. In particular, trade unions have expres!)ed growing concern over the impact of multi-national companies on employment levels, wages and conditions of work, and on the structure and composition of the labour force. In addition, and even more fundamentally, trade unions have criticized the way in which multi-national firms conduct their industrial relations and the way in which they make important policy decisions. (See for example, Blake, 1973.) A great deal has already been written about the impact of multi-national firms on employment levels, wages, the structure of the labour force and related questions. (See for example, Gennard and Steuer, 1971; Gunter, 1974; Levinson, 1972; Warner and Turner, 1972.) By contrast, there are relatively few empirical studies dealing with the structure of decision-making in multi-national companies. (See Blake, 1973; Kujawa, 1971; with particular reference to industrial relations matters, Roberts and May, 1974.) The present study concentrates on this relatively neglected area of inquiry.


Suspension assembly is described. The suspension assembly includes a stop member or plate; A moving member or plate movable about the x-axis and the y-axis relative to the stationary plate; Sensor mounting area on the moving plate; And one or more shape memory alloy (SMA) elements extending between and coupled to the stationary plate and the moving plate. When driven by a controller, the SMA element moves the moving plate and the sensor mounting area thereon around the x-axis and y-axis relative to the stationary plate.


The present invention is a method of using a sealant material, which includes providing the sealant material, where the sealant material comprises mineral oil, petroleum wax, and a viscosity builder, and where the sealant material exhibits a first hardness. The viscosity builder is selected from a group consisting of polybutene, a styrene-rubber diblock copolymer, an ethylene-propylene oligomer, and combinations thereof. The method also includes applying a shear force to at least a first portion of the sealant material, where the first portion of the sealant material exhibits a second hardness after the shear force is applied, and where the first hardness is at least two times greater than the second hardness.


This research is a study assessing the performance of hybrid nanofluids in hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–thermal systems. This study addresses 10 hybrid nanofluids applied to hybrid PV–thermal systems. The transition to carbon-free energy can mitigate the worst effects of climate change, ensuring that global sustainability is addressed. Clean energy is now responsible for one-third of the global capacity, of which 20% is attributed to solar energy. Renewables continue to be economically viable, with declining costs driving growth. This study aims to compare the yearly performances of a model hybrid PV–thermal system using 10 different hybrid nanofluids. Hybrid nanofluids constitute two or more dissimilar materials stably suspended in a base fluid (e.g. water). MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics® computational fluid dynamics software are employed together for the benchmarking assessment with good agreement observed. Various fluid inlet temperatures (Tin ∈ [300, 360] K), nanofluid volume concentrations (φ ∈ [0, 4]%) and storage-tank volumes (V ∈ [50, 300] L) were simulated. The meteorological data applied were those for Lagos, Nigeria (6° 27' 55.5192" N, 3° 24' 23.2128" E). The assessment based on analytical-numerical solutions reveals that the thermal enhancement by hybrid nanofluids ranges from 6.7% (graphene oxide [GO]—multiwalled carbon nanotube [MWCNT]/water) to 7% (ZnO—Mn–ZnFe2O4/water) for φ = 2% and V = 300 L. The yearly exergy efficiency ranges from 2.8% (ZnO—Mn–ZnFe2O4/water) to 2.9% (GO—MWCNT/water), also for φ = 2% and V = 300 L. These findings have implications for a vast range of industrial processes, expanding the knowledge that is critical to a sustainable future.
 A combined solar PV-thermal system that stores thermal energy using nanofluids is modelled. Hybrid nanofluids (two or more dissimilar materials stably suspended in a base fluid) are shown to enhance the annual electrical, thermal and exergetic outputs of the system.


Acoustooptic hybrid bistable devices have been studied previously. However, no actual comparison and correlation have been made between experimental results and theoretical predictions. We first present a model for the nonlinear device. The model includes the theory of acoustooptic diffraction in the near-Bragg regime in which the Klein-Cook Bragg parameter Q is finite.1 Computer simulations will then be shown in which it suggests that the performance of the bistable device using a low Q acoustooptic device can be improved by adjusting the feedback gain. Finally, we present experimental results which confirm the validity of the theoretical model.


The aim of this paper is to extend classic results of the theory of constant mean curvature surfaces in the product space ℍ 2 × ℝ to the class of immersed surfaces whose mean curvature is given as a C 1 function depending on their angle function. We cover topics such as the existence of a priori curvature and height estimates for graphs and a structure-type result, which classifies properly embedded surfaces with finite topology and at most one end.


This master thesis consists of both a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part of the thesis are three main parts of study: 1) Exploration of experimental search methodologies used in a Digital forensics setting. 2) Analysis of the differences in documented search capabilities between a set of open source search engines and open source forensics tools capable of keyword search. 3) Identified and summarized publicly available Digital forensic related datasets. For the first area of exploration no surveys published in the period 2014-2017 could be found. Therefore, this exploration tackles a missing gap in the current knowledge. The second exploration creates an in-depth and up-to-date analysis of differences in search capabilities, not found anywhere else. This analysis is useful for forensic examiners and researcher that want to know which application is most suitable for their problem domain. The third exploration extends previous lists of its kind, and adds many new unlisted forensic related datasets. This list, is to the best of my knowledge, the largest collection, of publicly forensic related datasets published in any paper. This addition in the paper will be useful for researchers in many subfields of Information security who are looking for a dataset to use in their research. Using publicly available datasets will also make their experiments more reproducible. Some of the datasets are also used in the practical part of the thesis. The practical part is a benchmark experiment where the open source search engines are tested on how well they perform at indexing, searching and memory performance during searching. Elasticsearch was generally better then Solr at index creation time, minimizing index size and response time for the first run of search terms. Solr outperformed Elasticsearch on second run of search terms. The difference between the search engines with regard to memory performance during searching was negligible. There are two main limitations with the experiment. The first being that the experiments are performed on only one virtual host machine. This environment does not allow testing for how well the search engines perform at distributed search. The second main issue is that only the default configurations was tested (out-of-the-box setup) with Solr and Elasticsearch. If more configurations had been tested, then some of the variables such as sharding and segment count could be controlled. Up-to-date experiments with the same testing methodology could not be found. The experiments provide information that is useful for forensic examiners when deciding which search engine is best suitable for their forensics tasks. The study of keyword search in open source search engines and digital forensics tools with respect to the needs of cyber crime investigations


In this paper, a reaction on the proposed flowchart of Kanis is given by applying it to a new case. The flowchart seems valuable in starting the discussion on how to improve the reliability and validity in experimental human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) research. However, it is unsure whether it is the golden standard.


Abstract A protocol for the enantioselective synthesis of substituted vinylcyclopentanes has been realised using cooperative palladium and isothiourea catalysis. Treatment of vinylcyclopropanes with Pd(PPh3)4 generates a zwitterionic π‐allyl palladium intermediate that intercepts a catalytically generated α,β‐unsaturated acyl ammonium species prepared from the corresponding α,β‐unsaturated para‐nitrophenyl ester and the isothiourea (R)‐BTM. Intermolecular formal (3+2) cycloaddition between these reactive intermediates generates functionalised cyclopentanes in generally good yields and excellent diastereo‐ and enantiocontrol (up to >95 : 5 dr, 97 : 3 er), with the use of LiCl as an additive proving essential for optimal stereocontrol. To the best of our knowledge a dual transition metal/organocatalytic process involving α,β‐unsaturated acyl ammonium intermediates has not been demonstrated previously.


relying on their own capital and skills. A village needs seed capital, perhaps livestock which can be sold or used as collateral, or perhaps relatives in town who are prepared to invest in the village. The villagers also need at least some literate fanner who can look after making arrangements, bookkeeping and running the water association. This is more likely to be possible with villages in India than in many parts of Africa. India In


The factors affecting the bonding strength of the vacuum aluminum composites films are discussed in this paper.They include the interface adhesive strength Between BOPP and the adhesive, the interface adhesive strength between the adhesive and VM,the adhesive strength between VM and CPP,the component of the adhesive, molecular structure, distribution of molecular weight, monomer remnant and so on at the same time, a new polyurethane adhesive for dry composition of vacuum aluminum films or plastic films is prepared.The influences of molecular weight,distribution of molecular weight,curing temperature and time on the propertied of the adhesive are introduced and the adhesive mechanism is discussed.The results indicate that the adhesive used for bonding packing composite films has good initial bonding strength,excellent peel strength, low solvent remnant and is suitable for fast composite process.


We numerically study the improvements of the spectral bandwidth and intensity stability by applying a minute coherent femtosecond pulse seed on CW pumped supercontinuum generation when the peak power of the seed varies.


While investigating the nutrition of parasitic helminthes it became possible to estimate the amounts of several members of the vitamin B complex in the parasites. Information on this point was required in order to obtain some idea of the composition of a satisfactory in vitro diet.


An infinite row of periodically spaced, identical rigid circular cylinders is excited by
an acoustic line source, which is parallel to the generators of the cylinders. A method
for calculating the scattered field accurately and efficiently is presented. When the
cylinders are sufficiently close together, Rayleigh–Bloch surface waves, which propagate
energy to infinity along the array are excited. An expression is derived which enables
the amplitudes of these surface waves to be computed without requiring the solution
to the full scattering problem.


This work reports the peculiar properties of a graphene film prepared by the chemical vapor deposition of ethylene in high vacuum on a well oriented and carefully cleaned Pt(111) crystal surface maintained at high temperature. In-situ and ex-situ characterization techniques (low-energy electron diffraction, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman micro-spectroscopy) used here indicate the prevalence of single-layer regions and the presence of two different orientations of the graphene sheets with respect to the Pt(111) substrate. In most of the deposited area, evidence is found of a compressive stress for the graphene lattice, as a net result of the growth process on a metal substrate. This graphene film grown on Pt(111) exhibits a lower degree of order and of homogeneity with respect to the exfoliated graphene on Si/SiO2, as it is found generally for graphene on metals, but several characterization techniques indicate a better quality than in previous deposition experiments on the same metal substrate. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The online trading is growing widely day by day, which makes safety the biggest concern while carrying out trading by electronic means. As many other operations can be done with digital environment ...


Energy use in a direct heat/vacuum cooling system was evaluated and compared to an indirect unit during start-up, sterilization, and milk processing. Product flow rates were 606-1325 L/hr. Process temperatures were 138 and 149°C. Energy for start-up was 1.7 to 2.9 x 105 kJ for the direct; 0.9 to 1.4 x 105 kJ, indirect. Energy for 30 min sterilization was 4.0 to 5.6 x 105 kJ for direct; 2.3 to 3.7 x 105 kJ, indirect. Product processing energy was 357.9-436.8 kJ/kg for indirect; 547.8-697.6 kJ/kg direct. Greater heat recovery potential and fewer pumps made the indirect system less energy intensive. Methods of energy conservation are suggested.


The research on the rear area in the War of Resistance against Japan is an essential part of the study of the war.This article selects as samples the related academic works and papers published in the last decade,carries out a retrospective analysis and has a comprehensive review and prospect of what the domestic academic circles have done and are doing in domains such as the strategic position of the rear area in the Anti-Japanese War,the Bombing of Chongqing,the economic development,cultural education and social relief in the rear area in the War of Resistance against Japan. It holds that the finding and sorting of all kinds of new historical data,together with the research done on the rear area in the Anti-Japanese War based on related international academic exchanges has academic significance worthy of constant study,and also promises further exploration.


Benthic reefs are the principal type of artificial habitat deployed in coastal waters worldwide to achieve fishery, ecosystem and other purposes. Ancient techniques to attract fishes to submerged natural objects for subsistence food harvest continue to be used, especially in tropical areas, while larger and more complex reefs commonly built of manmade materials and designed to meet an ecological life history requirement or limiting factor have been used in commercial fishing over the past 50 years, and more lately in marine ranching. Geographic centers of long-term artificial reef research and development include eastern Asia, the Mediterranean basin, India and North America. Trends in the use of this technology include a wider number of non-fishery applications, such as protection of habitat, conservation of biodiversity and socioeconomic development, at a growing number of sites in over 50 countries. This paper presents significant findings and trends concerning the ecology of artificial reefs, their effects on fisheries and ecosystems, and appropriate applications of the technology. The maturation of long-term biological datasets has enabled quantification of ecological processes such as production of biomass at artificial reef sites, characterization of functional equivalence for artificial and natural reefs, and determination of sustainability of certain localized fishery harvests.


In the last few years the progress of integration techniques of more and more complex digital circuits has led to the development of a new branch of the switching theory known as cellular logic. Nevertheless the integration of cellular circuits of a certain degree of complexity is hampered at present by poor yield, that is by the likelihood that one or more cells of the circuit may turn out to be faulty. It is useful, therefore, to try to use these circuits even when there are some faulty cells. Generally speaking there are two possibilities:
 (a) to provide a certain degree of redundancy in the circuit, so as to be able to replace the faulty cells with spare cells;
 (b) to use, if possible, only the part of the circuit functioning correctly.


The invention discloses a zero-crossing-point accurate detection method for AC voltage signals. The method includes the following steps: firstly selecting a comparatively large hardware filtering time constant to ensure that harmonic waves and random noises which may be included in the AC voltage signals can be filtered comparatively well; using large-time-constant software PQ filtering to extract and eliminate DC drift generated by software and hardware; setting a software judgment advancing quantity so as to offset zero-crossing-point delay caused by hardware filtering; accurately calculating random errors t caused by sampling intervals; and at last, using capture and comparison functions of an embedded microcontroller to realize accurate information of an AC voltage frequency and phase so that accurate phase locking of the AC signals can be realized. The detection method solves a problem of zero drift and phase delay caused by a hardware detection circuit and a software algorithm when zero-crossing-point detection is carried out on the AC voltage signals.


The user-perceived web server performance has a strong bearing on popularity of a portal, site or service as users may choose not to return to a particular web page if it takes a long time to retrieve its content. We present a new approach to how a server can identify incoming clients that suffer from a poor performance and how can it react in order to improve a user-perceived connection quality based on that identification.


A comparative investigation of split‐ring resonator (SRR)‐ and complementary split‐ring resonator (CSRR)‐based band‐reject filters is performed. These compact band‐reject filters are obtained by loading simple 50‐Ω microstrip lines with SRRs and CSRRs that have exactly the same shape and dimensions. Unlike the previous studies, stopband characteristics of these filters, such as resonance frequency, band‐width, sharpness, and amount of attenuation in the rejection region based on the number of SRR or CSRR stages, are investigated in a detailed and comparative manner. Based on simulations that are accompanied by experimental results, it has been observed that some of the aforementioned stopband characteristics of SRR‐based band‐reject filters are significantly different than those of CSRR‐based band‐reject filters. This makes SRR‐ or CSRR‐based filters preferable depending on applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 519–523, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23119


Fine electric power supply service is very important for power supply enterprises to win competitive advantages.How to evaluate electric power supply service and improve it based on the evaluation result? It is a practical problem that enterprises have to face.This paper analyses the procedure of electric power supply service based on the service blueprint theory to design an electric power supply service internal evaluation index system and constructs electric power supply service internal evaluation model on the basis.In the end the authors present the way to evaluate the service in combination with recorded data and give some measures for improvement.


By using the improved regional climate model (BCC_RegCM1.0), a series of modeling experiments are undertaken to investigate the impacts of historical land-use changes (LUCs) on the regional climate in China. Simulations are conducted for 2 years using estimated land-use for 1700, 1800, 1900, 1950, and 1990. The conversion of land cover in these periods was extensive over China, where large areas were altered from forests to either grass or crops, or from grasslands to crops. Results show that, since 1700, historical LUCs have significant effects on regional climate change, with rainfall increasing in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin, Northwest China, and Northeast China, but decreasing by different degrees in other regions. The air temperature shows significant warming over large areas in recent hundred years, especially from 1950 to 1990, which is consistent with the warming caused by increasing greenhouse gases. On the other hand, historical LUCs have obvious effects on mean circulation, with the East Asian winter and summer monsoonal flows becoming more intensive, which is mainly attributed to the amplifled temperature difference between ocean and land due to vegetation change. Thus, it would be given more attention to the impacts of LUCs on regional climate change.


researched, and the variety of examples contextualises it from different viewpoints. Martínez Expósito meets his objective. He demonstrates the branding implications of film and shows how different directors, geographical locations and sociocultural forms (gastronomy, tourism, immigration) converge on that task. This provides a distinctive analytical approach within the area of Spanish film studies. Although the book is presented as a group of essays that separately deal with individual topics, the reason for their distribution is not always completely clear. Rearranging part of the content would have helped guide the reader and provided a wider picture of the book. In line with the introduction, which helps present the core aspects of the book, a conclusion of the main ideas discussed in each chapter and a final reflection would have also been a useful round-up of the work. In any event, this book is a very useful point of reference for academics who lecture and research in the area of Spanish film studies, and for students specialising in these areas. It will stimulate further research about the relationship between Spanish cinema, its social conditionings and effects, but also previously unchartered elements of Spanish film: this book certainly opens new paths for discussion, research and reflection. Carlos de Pablos-Ortega University of Sydney email@example.com


We report sub-picosecond photocarrier dynamics observed via emitted terahertz waves in a ferroelectric semiconductor Sn2P2S6. Excitation photon energy, intensity and polarization dependences of the photocarrier dynamics testify that the ultrafast photocurrent originates from the shift-current under interband excitation. The photocurrent excitation spectrum shows a quantitative agreement with that derived from first-principles calculations with the Berry connection integrated, showing the shift-current to be a sensitive feature in ferroelectrics. The terahertz emission spectroscopy is a powerful tool to identify the intricate carrier dynamics under pulsed photoexcitation.We report sub-picosecond photocarrier dynamics observed via emitted terahertz waves in a ferroelectric semiconductor Sn2P2S6. Excitation photon energy, intensity and polarization dependences of the photocarrier dynamics testify that the ultrafast photocurrent originates from the shift-current under interband excitation. The photocurrent excitation spectrum shows a quantitative agreement with that derived from first-principles calculations with the Berry connection integrated, showing the shift-current to be a sensitive feature in ferroelectrics. The terahertz emission spectroscopy is a powerful tool to identify the intricate carrier dynamics under pulsed photoexcitation.


In this paper, we analyze the path-independent E-integral for a frictional crack subjected to remote compressive loads using the finite element method. We find that the E-integral of the complementary energy type gives the energy release rate under the proportional compressive loads with a high accuracy. We then obtain the closed form solutions of the work change rate for a frictional crack under the several loading histories, and find that the E-integral also agree well with the obtained solutions for several loading histories.


1. Dematerialisation? The notion that the use of new media effects a dematerialisation constitutes a kind of lowest common denominator for the various designs of knowledge societies' perspectives: Norbert Wiener's distinction of information from matter and energy turned information into a quantifiable 'universal coin' that permitted all phenomena to be commensurable and transferable under the aspect of their telecommunicational coding, regardless of their spatio-temporal and their respective meaning. Marshall McLuhan's 'global village' proceeds from the assumption of an electronic shrinkage of spatial distance which enables the realisation of a form of telepresence that supersedes the principle of locality as a sine qua non of interactive communication. Hans Moravec's utopia of 'mind children' projects a transplantation of our mental capability into machines, so that intelligence and information become independent of biological embodiment, and that the body, just as the brain, may degenerate into the dross of an immortalised mind. Then Jean-Francois Lyotard's Parisian exhibition 'Les Immatériaux' (1985) staged this tendency towards immaterialisation as a topos in the borderland of science and art, significant for out time. The assumption that the informatisation of the lived-in world leads to a dematerialisation is accompanied by a rhetoric of disappearance: the unity-endowing narrations drop away, the senses dwindle, the signs lose their referents, reality evaporates into hyperreality. Our culture's unconcealed interest in soma—be it in terms of athletical stylisation of the body or as an endorphin-raising, extreme bodily experience—can then be interpreted as a compensation and counter movement to this apparent disembodiment which is supposedly brought about by new media: a fascination both confirmed and approved of simultaneously


Apo B-100 is synthesized in the liver and only one apo B molecule exists in every LDL, IDL and VLDL particle, therefore, the level ofapo B-100 represents the total number of potentially atherogenic lipid. A formula estimating apo B-100 might help clinicians inareas with limited resources to identify patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, so proper management can be carriedout. To evaluate an agreement between estimated apolipoprotein B-100 concentration and apolipoprotein B-100 concentrationmeasured by immunoturbidimetric method. This study was an analytical observational cross sectional design. Serum samples werecollected using simple random sampling method and all specimens were measured for LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride andapolipoproten B-100 concentration. Estimated apo B-100 concentrations were counted using a [Apo B-100= -33.12 + 0.675 x LDL+ 11.95x ln (TG)] formula. Twenty nine of 30 samples (96.67%) showed estimated apo B-100 concentrations higher than measuredapo B-100 concentrations. Difference of the mean of estimated and measured apo B-100 concentration was 10.941 mg/dL, and wasstatistically significant (t= 9.134 (p <0.0001)). Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) between estimated and measuredapolipoprotein B-100 concentration was 0.854 (<0.90= poor agreement). The agreement between estimated apo B-100concentration and apo B-100 concentration measured with immunoturbidimetric method was poor. Factors that might have causedthis result were freeze-thawing of samples prior to apo B-100 measurement using immunoturbidimetry and the use of triglyceride asone of the variables in the formula in estimating apo B-100.(FMI 2014;50 10-14)


the US military is prepared to deploy personnel anywhere in the world, including places where arthropod-borne diseases are prevalent.Historically, casualties from arthropod-borne diseases such as malaria typically far exceeded battlefield injuries.Avoidance of arthropod-infested areas and performance of area-wide pest control is not always feasible in theaters of military operations and in areas where humanitarian assistance is being rendered. No vaccines or chemoprophylactic regimens exist to protect soldiers from some of the most important arthropodborne diseases. Therefore, other means are needed to ensure that troops are not bitten by arthropods. The Department of Defense relies heavily on safe, effective, practical, economical, environmentally responsible personal protective measures, featuring a dual skin and clothing repellent strategy.These measures,updated with improved materials and re-institutionalized in the early 1990s, are the most effective ever fielded.The repellents of choice are 33% extended-duration DEET (N,Ndiethyl-m-toluamide or N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) lotion for skin, and various formulations of permethrin [(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (+/-) cis/trans 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl) 2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate] for clothing.Work continues within the Department of Defense (DoD) to develop even better repellents and other strategies to prevent arthropods from biting military personnel. The DoD doctrine of personal protective measures against arthropod disease vectors is well described, but some of the most informative literature is not readily accessible to the travel medicine community. This article has been developed almost entirely from military sources as a courtesy to and for the use of that community.Travel medicine physicians are encouraged to select or modify military personal protective doctrine to meet civilian requirements.1 Throughout history, the fighting strength of armies has been diminished more by disease than by casualties incurred during actual combat.2 Some of the most important diseases affecting the performance of military forces are transmitted by arthropods (Fig. 1). To cite examples from US military history, most of the American troops that survived the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812 died from malaria. In 1898, during the Spanish-American War, the Army suffered over 90,000 malaria casualties,mostly nonfatal.But arthropodborne diseases do not have to be fatal to devastate fighting forces.Units suffering high case rates lose effectiveness, morale decreases, and medical components are overburdened.As case rates increase, scarce medical resources are diverted from combat service support.During World War I, almost 17,000 US troops were stricken with malaria. In World War II, over 24,000,000 persondays were lost to malaria and other arthropod-borne diseases, including scrub typhus and dengue. Malaria in the South Pacific area caused five times as many casualties as combat action. American forces in the Korean War suffered more than 30,000 cases of malaria and hundreds more were hospitalized during an outbreak of Korean hemorrhagic fever. In the late 1960s, the Army lost 2,000,00 persondays to malaria in Vietnam as annual case rates for some units soared to 600 per 1,000 troops. No combat unit can operate efficiently when 60% of its soldiers are too ill to fight for weeks at a time during a 1-year period.Casualties from arthropod-borne diseases occurred during deployments in Southwest Asia (1990), Somalia (1993), Haiti (1994), and Bosnia (1995). Four of the 51 US Army Rangers who trained in French Guiana in 1996 were infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Treatment at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center cost $100,000 per case.3 REVIEW ARTICLE


In this paper, the vibration problems of tall buildings are considered. The focus is on vibration caused by earthquakes, semi–seismic phenomena and ground vibrations of other origins. The construction consists of the main system and a vibration eliminator (passive tuned mass damper – pendulum type) which is attuned to the first eigenfrequency of the main structure. The analysis focuses on elimination of structure vibration caused by horizontal components of ground motions, while the functioning of the eliminator is simultaneously influenced by the vertical component (parametric effect – the possibility of improper functioning of the device). The vertical periodic movement of the support point can cause changes of the vibration eliminator's stiffness. In such a case parametric excitation occurs in the system, which signifies that parametric resonance may appear. The numerical analysis of the problem was performed with the Newmark method in conjunction with FEM. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A management model is defined, according to the function demand of industrial goods and materials management and the characteristics of the data of information flow of goods and materials, for a database of information of goods and materials based on optimum relations. A detailed analysis of the structure is made in terms of the process of optimization. Based on the hierarchical structure, the structural design is presented of the database system of goods and materials information. The implementation of this system in businesses has produced good results.


A Commentary on the paper "Anisotropic gels and plasticized networks formed by liquid crystal molecules", by R. A. M. Hikmet. First published in Liquid Crystals, 9, 405–416 (1991).


Background: The pathways governing biosynthesis of the Aspergillus fumigatus exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan are poorly understood. Results: The structure of Sph3 revealed a (β/α)8 barrel fold. The enzyme hydrolyzes galactosaminogalactan and is required for the synthesis of this exopolysaccharide. Conclusion: Sph3 is a glycoside hydrolase (GH) whose activity is essential for galactosaminogalactan biosynthesis. Significance: Sph3 defines a new glycoside hydrolase superfamily, GH family 135. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most virulent species within the Aspergillus genus and causes invasive infections with high mortality rates. The exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG) contributes to the virulence of A. fumigatus. A co-regulated five-gene cluster has been identified and proposed to encode the proteins required for GAG biosynthesis. One of these genes, sph3, is predicted to encode a protein belonging to the spherulin 4 family, a protein family with no known function. Construction of an sph3-deficient mutant demonstrated that the gene is necessary for GAG production. To determine the role of Sph3 in GAG biosynthesis, we determined the structure of Aspergillus clavatus Sph3 to 1.25 Å. The structure revealed a (β/α)8 fold, with similarities to glycoside hydrolase families 18, 27, and 84. Recombinant Sph3 displayed hydrolytic activity against both purified and cell wall-associated GAG. Structural and sequence alignments identified three conserved acidic residues, Asp-166, Glu-167, and Glu-222, that are located within the putative active site groove. In vitro and in vivo mutagenesis analysis demonstrated that all three residues are important for activity. Variants of Asp-166 yielded the greatest decrease in activity suggesting a role in catalysis. This work shows that Sph3 is a glycoside hydrolase essential for GAG production and defines a new glycoside hydrolase family, GH135.


The purpose of this study is to construct a total design & manufacturing system for the Space-Truss structure. In this study, we choose the transmission tower as the study model to show the possibility of a Total System for another space truss structure. We are confident that this total system should provide more convenience, accuracy and should help to save time from the design stage to construct stage of the transmission tower.


William S. Hall and Roy O. Freedle. Culture and Language: The Black American Experience. New York: Halsted Press, 1975. 191 pp. Tables, figures, bibliography and index. $10.95.


It is shown that any spatially flat and isotropic universe undergoing accelerated expansion driven by a self-interacting scalar field can be directly related to a contracting, decelerating cosmology. The duality is made manifest by expressing the scale factor and Hubble parameter as functions of the scalar field and simultaneously interchanging these two quantities. The decelerating universe can be twinned with a cosmology sourced by a phantom scalar field by inverting the scale factor and leaving the Hubble parameter invariant. The accelerating model can be related to the same phantom universe by identifying the scale factor with the inverse of the Hubble parameter. The duality between accelerating and decelerating backgrounds can be extended to spatially curved cosmologies and models containing perfect fluids. A similar triality and associated scale factor duality is found in the Randall-Sundrum type II braneworld scenario.


Opdivo. The battle cry of Primum Non Nocere rings loud when small peripheral metastases are growing rapidly on serial CT imaging in fit healthy patients. A quick VATS Wedge Resection through a single port or two with an overnight stay is now the norm, with some surgeons now performing such surgery on awake patients as daystay cases. Our own unpublished series of 477 operations recorded only two 30-day mortalities (0.46%) with very low complication rates. But is the absence of evidence of benefit equal to evidence of absence of benefit? And have we missed our opportunity in CRC to prove the benefit of surgery in a highly selected group of the truly oligometastatic with substantial randomized evidence? I suspect that our place in the treatment of metastatic CRC will diminish in time unless we quickly unlock the secrets of its quirky biological nature. References


Petri net,a visual and mathematical object,can be used for dynamic behavior analysis.Several salient features are cho- sen from the multitude of existing extensions of Petri nets,and a new concept of aging tokens is introduced.The result framework provides for flexible and transparent graphical modeling with excellent representational power that is suited for system mainte- nance model.Finally,accordingly its rationality and advantage are proved by an example.


This article describes a fractal-based MIMO antenna for 5G mm-wave mobile applications with micro-strip feeding. The proposed structure is a fractal-based spherical configuration that incorporates spherical slots of different iterations on the patch, as well as rectangular slots on the ground plane. These additions are meant to reduce patch isolation. The two-element MIMO antenna has closely spaced antenna elements that resonate at multiple frequencies, 9.5 GHz, 11.1 GHz, 13.4 GHz, 15.8 GHz, 21.1 GHz, and 26.6 GHz, in the frequency range of 8 to 28 GHz. The antenna's broadest operational frequency range spans from 17.7 GHz to 28 GHz, encompassing a bandwidth of 10,300 MHz. Consequently, it is well-suited for utilization within the millimeter wave (mm wave) application, specifically for the 5G new radio frequency band n258, and partially covers some other bands X (8.9–9.9 GHz, 10.4–11.4 GHz), and Ku (13.1–13.7 GHz, 15.4–16.2 GHz). All the resonating bands have isolation levels below the acceptable range of (|S12| > −16 dB). The proposed antenna utilizes a FR4 material with dimension of 28.22 mm × 44 mm. An investigation is conducted to analyze the effectiveness of parameters of the antenna, including radiation pattern, surface current distributions and S parameters. Furthermore, an examination and assessment are conducted on the efficacy of the diversity system inside the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) framework. This evaluation encompasses the analysis of key performance metrics such as the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), and mean effective gain (MEG). All antenna characteristics are determined to be within a suitable range for this suggested MIMO arrangement. The antenna design underwent experimental validation and the simulated outcomes were subsequently verified.


WITH the gradual improvement in radiological technique during the past twenty years, X-ray examination has assumed a greater importance in the diagnosis of disease of the urinary tract than almost any other ancillary method. Indeed, no investigation of the urinary tract from the surgical aspect can be regarded as complete without X-ray examination. In many cases the diagnosis is settled by that means, and in others the field of possibilities narrowed by exclusion, say, of calculus, hydronephrosis, &c. Preparation of the Patient.-This is of some importance. It is desirable that the patient's alimentary canal be as empty as possible; both fluid, faecal and gaseous contents may obscure the radiographic picture. With modern technique, in which great contrast is the desideratum, any considerable collection of gas in the colon might literally " black out" the renal areas in the negative. The routine preparation is as follows : (I) An aperient on the day before. Salines should not be used, because of their composition and tendency to cause gaseous distension. Castor oil is probably the most satisfactory. (2) On the day of the examination an enema may be given, if the result of the aperient has not been satisfactory. As little food as possible should be taken, the quality being unimportant. (3) The bladder should be emptied immediately before the examination. Technique.-In general, screen examination is of no value. As a routine, radiograms should be taken to include the whole tract. A low kilovoltage, in the region of 70 kv. peak, double screens, and the Bucky grid are essential points in the production of radiograms of the necessary quality.


The American civil rights movement created a ready environment in which exploited people protested their social status and demanded change. Among the forefront, women contended against their male oppressors and demanded autonomy. Ultimately, however, women disagreed amongst themselves regarding the severity of their oppression and the ideal route to implement change. Thereafter, radical feminism became a strong force within the women's liberation movement. Group members denied that capitalism oppressed women, and countered that women's status as a sex-class remained the essential component in their subjugation. To obtain true freedom, women had to reject the deeply ingrained social expectations. As radical feminists, Redstockings, New York Radical Feminists, and Cell 16 shared the goal of female freedom, but the process of acquiring freedom remained unique to each group. Nevertheless, although they focused on distinct issues, they each identified men as the source of female oppression and offered legitimate alternatives to social expectations.