From the question on page 922 The CT scan shows extensive retroperitoneal, portal and peripancreatic lymphadenopathy with cystic lesions in the spleen (see fig 1 of the question). Multiple low density infiltrative lesions were seen throughout the lumbar vertebrae. MRI demonstrates extensive mesenteric, small bowel mural (thick arrows), retroperitoneal (open arrows) and bony lesions (narrow arrows) that gave a high T2 and low T1 signal typical of lymphangiomas, 2 but were heterogeneous in their appearance after contrast enhancement (fig 2 of the question). A diagnostic laparoscopy revealed an abnormal segment of small bowel 70 cm from the ileocaecal valve. A large but compressible 20 cm cystic mass that contained chyle was present in the base of the small bowel mesentery obscuring the normal vascular architecture (fig 1). Histopathology revealed vascular tissue composed of variably dilated vascular channels with muscular walls and cytologically bland endothelial cells associated with a fibro-fatty stroma containing a patchy lymphoid infiltrate (fig 2). The diagnosis of disseminated lymphangiomatosis (DLAM) was made. This is a rare condition usually diagnosed in children and characterised by multiple lymphangiomas of cystic and/or cavernous morphology involving multiple regions. Even though gastrointestinal protein loss is common in untreated coeliac disease, significant hypoalbuminaemia and the presence of peripheral oedema should alert the clinician to other causes, and not be attributed to the coeliac disease itself. A diagnosis of DLAM in a young adult is difficult to make with certainty, but the MRI findings might aid interpretation in future cases.


Final judicial decisions are infallible,1 and as such, they can neither impose illegitimate harm nor confer unjust enrichment. But non-final and interim decisions are fallible, and when such a decision is reversed or set aside, the question is what harms inflicted and benefits gained as a result of the reversed decision should be reassigned? By and large, reversed judgments raise only a duty to restore direct benefits that one received from his counterpart in compliance with the revoked decisionmoney that has been paid thereunder or property that has been misallocated due to the judgment.3 Litigating parties are not held responsible for wrong judicial decisions and thus need not compensate their counterparts for harms inflicted or disgorged profits generated by the reversed decision. However, this convention has at least one important exception: remedies that are awarded, mainly in the form of compensation for harms, in cases of wrongfully-issued preliminary injunctions.


Existing research on the US Marshall Plan and China's OBOR Initiative has tended to focus on national interests and relations with the countries involved in the projects, assuming the state or interstate relations as the unit of analysis and focusing on the background (or causes), process, and outcomes of the Marshall Plan and Belt and Road Initiative. In contrast to these approaches, this study aims to show the transnational elements (i.e., logics of the capitalist world-economy) of the Marshall Plan and OBOR that both projects have in common. This study also presents how both projects at least partially helped to revitalize and boost global capitalism beyond their own national interests. The theoretical contribution of this study is to show that the logic of global capitalism is part of what keeps the Marshall Plan and OBORs going.


The utility model discloses a dynamic circus toy comprising a panel, a grid and toy cards, wherein a view window is arranged on the panel, and the grid is arranged at the back of the view window and is used for extending the rear end of the panel so as to generate grid circus patterns on the toy cards with a dynamic circus effect. A locating plate and a fixed back plate are arranged at the rear end of the panel, wherein the locating plate is positioned between the panel and the fixed back plate and is provided with an inserting slot to be matched with the toy cards. During a process of extending the toy cards in the rear end of the panel, the grid at the back of the view window of the panel and the grid type circus patterns on the toy cards are acted mutually, a dynamic circus effect can be achieved by utilizing the vision pause principle, therefore, the interestingness is very strong.


Preventative measures and the creation of resilient growing systems are key parts of pest management practice in organic field vegetable production (see also chapter 1). Soil improvement, crop rotation, site selection, habitat management, variety choice, timing of planting and plant spacing are all considered before planting in order to avoid the most detrimental pest problems. Due to the huge variety of vegetable crops and their associated pest insects, specific tailored approaches are necessary. The effects of cultural practices to reduce pest outbreaks, such as weed control, appropriate irrigation, suitable fertilization, the use of mulches, and adjusted harvest times have been investigated during the last few years. For some crops (e.g. cabbage and carrot (Finch and Collier, 2000)), a holistic pest control strategy, which combines preventative and direct control measures, is available, whereas there are still huge knowledge gaps for other crops. For example, in lettuce production, pest management under organic conditions still relies heavily on direct pest control measures. However, direct control methods using bio-insecticides can have adverse side-effects on beneficial arthropods and thus destabilize the system and lead to outbreaks of secondary pests. Within this chapter we describe strategies and methods for pest control in organic field vegetable production that are available currently. The chapter is mainly based on on information published in scientific journals and in technical leaflets, as well as on the experiences of advisors. After some general remarks about approaches to pest management, our description of pest management strategies is organized by crop. At the end of the chapter, in Table xx, we summarize strategies and control methods for the most important pests.


Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and leukemic relapse are serious complications of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT). Recruitment of activated T cells to host target tissues or sites of leukemic infiltration (graft-versusleukemia [GVL]) is likely mediated by chemokine receptor‐ligand interactions. We examined the contribution of donor cellCCR1expressiontothedevelopmentof GVHD and GVL using a well-established murine SCT model (B6 3 B6D2F1) and CCR1-deficient mice (CCR1! /! ). Allo-SCT with CCR1! /! donor cells significantly reduced systemic and target organ GVHD severity, and CCR1 expression on both T cells and accessory cells contributed to GVHDmortality.SignificantGVLactivitywas preserved following CCR1! /! SCT, but the survivaladvantagediminishedwithincreasing tumor burden. We then explored the effects of CCR1 expression on allo-specific T-cellresponses.Althoughcytolyticeffector functionwasmaintainedonaper-cellbasis, T-cell proliferation and IFN" secretion were significantly reduced both in vivo and in vitro.T-cellfunctionwaspartiallydependent on interactions between CCR1 and CCL5. Collectively, these data demonstrate that CCR1 expression on donor cells contributes to the development of both GVHD and GVL,andsuggestthatCCR1/CCL5receptorligand interactions modulate allo-specific T-cell responses occurring in this context. (Blood.2007;110:3447-3455)


Editor's note: Online learning for data analysis, categorization and anomaly detection has become a key technique in a range of adaptive embedded applications. In this article the authors propose a very low power encoder design using a sparse, hyperdimensional representation of letters and words in natural language and they show that this representation and their design can be used with high energy efficiency for a language recognition task. —Axel Jantsch, Royal Institute of Technology Electronics, Computer and Software Systems


Abstract. Terahertz (THz) waves can influence a diverse range of cellular processes. The use of high-power THz sources in biological studies may lead to major advances in understanding biological systems and help to determine safe exposure levels for existing THz technologies. We are devoted to the development of an experimental system for irradiating cells with intense broadband THz pulses. Subpicosecond pulses of THz radiation with intensities of 32  GW  /  cm2 and electric field strength up to 3.5 MV/cm are obtained by optical rectification, using an OH1 organic crystal, of near-infrared femtosecond pulses generated by a Cr:forsterite laser. The system has been developed to allow cells to be kept in suitable conditions for long-term exposure and to be irradiated with THz pulses in single-point mode as well as in scanning mode. The transmission in the THz region of various plastic dishes for cell culture is estimated.


Wind gusts are responsible for most of the damages in cyclonic winter storms, the most destructive natural hazards over central Europe. Their forecast is challenging, because they involve multiple scales from the track and intensity of the storms down to turbulent momentum transport. Observations and forecasts are investigated here to gain an insight into the dynamics and predictability of gusts at subsynoptic scales. The field campaign WASTEX (Wind And STorms EXperiment) was conducted during the winter 2016/17 near the city of Karlsruhe located in south-western Germany. A Doppler wind lidar provided high-resolution observations in space and time within a range of several km during the passage of low-pressure systems. This allows sampling the mixing of high momentum in the boundary layer, which results in the strongest gusts near the surface. The observations cover several types of storms, including a case of severe convection embedded in the cold front and a rare case possibly involving a sting jet. A challenge in exploring the data gathered is the low aerosol concentration during the passage of frontal systems, which results in a low signal-to-noise ratio for the backscattered laser light. The observational work is complemented by predictability studies based on the convection-permitting ensemble prediction system COSMO-DE-EPS


The present research was aimed to investigate in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala (Nees). The leaves of Cinnamomum tamala have shown good antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. Antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and ascorbic acid used as a standard. The IC50 value of Cinnamomum tamala leaves was 13.55 μg/ml while the IC50 value of ascorbic acid was 5.35 μg/ml. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by using brine shrimp lethality bioassay and vincristine sulphate used as a standard. In this assay, the LC50 value of the ethanolic extract of Cinnamomum tamala leaves was 17.82μg/ml whereas LC50 value of vincristine sulphate was 5.24μg/ml. Therefore, these results suggest that leaves extract of Cinnamomum tamala has antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.


wherein, a terminal is operated in a first radio cell which is served by a radio communication device using radio signals of the mobile communication system, which is in an idle state, the invention relates to methods for carrying out a paging in a cellular mobile communication system, and has data in a data transmission device of the mobile communication system which are to be transmitted to the terminal. The invention is characterized in that when recognizing a failure or a fault in the radio transmission device actions to address the failure / malfunction of this radio transmission device are taken with the aim of restoring the accessibility of the mobile station for which the radio transmission device is the last known radio transmission device.


Sustainable solutions to engineering problems are increasingly multidisciplinary, in which Soft Skills are gaining importance relative to Hard Skills. During the dialogue for the development of the global project, Control Engineering concepts are used, such as Feedback, Steady State Error, among others, whose understanding by the various partners must be clear. At present, not all engineering courses have Control Engineering content in their curriculum since it was not necessary in the past, once the global solution development was done through partial project layers. There is also the need for training for the global development of multidisciplinary solutions, given that traditional laboratories are only disciplinary (e.g. automation, heat transfer, etc.). It is also important that the educational tools available to support teaching and learning should be developed for students, so they should be developed with their support. This work presents some means developed in a collaborative environment with students to support teaching / learning.


T h e present investigation of spinal-fluid protein in cases of cryptogcnic epilepsy is baseid upon the following two questions: 1) Does the investigation of the spinal-fluid protein with a reliable quantitative method give us added possibilities of demonstrating intracranial affections as a cause of epilepsy? 2 ) Can a determination of the protein fractions in the lumbar fluid give us information of value for the understanding of the nature of the disease in a larger or smaller group of epileptics? Thc epilepsy-material upon which the author bases his results consists of a main material of 110 cases and a mpplemcntary material of 23 cases. The control material consists of 67 cases (chapter I). Thc method used in the investigations has been tha t described by IZIKOWITZ. The author has not succeeded in attaining the accuracy with the method claimed for i t by IZIKOWrTZ, but t h e random errors arc nevertheless relatively small (chapter 11). Also the systematic errors of the method are briefly discussed (chapter VIII). After finding that Pindy's and Nonne-Apelt's tests are not sufficiently reliable (chapter III), the author stresses the importance of stating, in connection with spinal-fluid investigations, whether lumbar, cisternal or ventricular fluid is referred to, as well as the magnitude of the portion used for the investigations and whether i t is the first, second or third portion (chapter IV). For this the author has proposed the term portioned puncture. A closer study of the main material shows tha t i t is above all a group with high total protein and another with low globulinalbumin quotients that are to be distinguished from the rest of the material (chapter V, table X).


Vocal cord dysfunction presenting as asthma has been recently reported in the adult population'-6 and suggested in ~hildren.~.' However, only two pediatric cases (12 and 15 years of age) were confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy' or indirect laryngos~opy.~ The following report of vocal cord dysfunction, confirmed by two fiberoptic bronchoscopies in a 15 year-old girl, initially misdiagnosed as an asthmatic, prompted us to believe that episodic laryngeal dysfunction is also a pediatric disease with specific clinical characteristics.


Patient empowerment, knowledge and an integrated care team are the keys to successful chronic disease management. The Diabetic Association — now known as Diabetes UK — has always advocated patient-centred care and has provided a platform for the patient, the healthcare professional and scientist to meet. From the beginning of the Charity's history, patients and professionals have worked together to promote the present day Mission: `to improve the lives of people with diabetes and to work towards a future without diabetes'; and to set people free from the restrictions of diabetes, provide the highest quality care and information for all.


Neoliberal health orientations that emphasize specific health behaviors provide frameworks for how class-advantaged Americans understand themselves and their health. The family is a consequential pathway for such privilege to be enacted. Using dyadic interviews with U.S. parents and teenagers, the authors explore how families in two middle- to upper-middle-class, health-conscious cities reoriented their beliefs and practices around health in response to coronavirus disease 2019. Neoliberal health orientations were still the logic many families used to approach health, even as public health messaging focused on protecting vulnerable groups. The authors find that before and during the pandemic, teenagers experienced intense pressure to maintain a classed, thin body via diet, participation in sports, and exercise. Families that adhered closely to neoliberal ideals and encouraged these practices felt that their health behaviors boosted immune defenses against coronavirus disease 2019. However, parents and teenagers worried about the worsening of their fitness and diet. The authors discuss implications for public health and inequalities.


The worst educational technology we ever invented was the textbook. Evidence is replete that textbooks do not work well (Graesser, Lu, Jackson, Mitchell, Ventura, Olney, & Louwerse 2004). Why? Because they are meant to be one-size-fits-all, all-purpose solutions to learning. Today, more and more, digital games are being hyped as a new silver bullet in education. People want to teach everything through games, just like some people tried to teach everything through textbooks.


Factors that affect weld mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium have been investigated using artificial neural networks. Input data were obtained from mechanical testing of single-pass, autogenous welds, and neural network models were used to predict the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area,Vickers hardness and Rockwell B hardness. The results show that both oxygen and nitrogen have the most significant effects on the strength while hydrogen has the least effect over the range investigated. Predictions of the mechanical properties are shown and agree well with those obtained using the 'oxygen equivalent' (OE) equations.


We studied charge density waves on 1T–TaSe2 using scanning tunneling microscopy at room temperature in air. The images reveal three distinct types of the charge density wave vertices, showing triangular, rhombic and hexagonal atomic modulations. The various vertex structures cannot be explained by only one type of periodic lattice distortion namely the ''Star‐of‐David'' cluster unit. Two other cluster units besides the ''Star‐of‐David'' are proposed, based on the assumption that the maxima of the charge density waves can have different positions on the triangular atomic lattice. We also observed arrangements of the charge density wave lattice which we explain by simultaneous multi tip imaging and switching between different tunneling tips.


The first resonant electronic Raman spectroscopy study of discrete electronic transitions within self-assembled Si/Ge quantum dots (QD) is reported in this paper. A Raman transition of localized holes with a dispersionless energy of 105 meV and a resonance energy to virtually localized electrons at the direct band gap E_0≈2.52 eV far above the indirect fundamental band gap of Si/Ge are observed. Both values are in agreement with 6-band k·p band structure calculations for such QDs.


The rapid progress and development of agriculture in Burkina Faso aim towards the expansion of agricultural land, the utilization of all water sources and the increase in crop production to meet the needs of rabidly increasing population. Therefore, infiltration rate (IR) was studied at nine locations in the south west of Burkina Faso ( Niangolko soils, Banfora soils and Farakoba soils) soil texture was different from region to another and varied between sandy to sandy clay loam ,The values of IR (mmh -1 ) in the first zone ranged from 14.00 to 21.02mm h -1 , rising in the second zone from 8.50 mmh -1 to 35.05 mm h -1, meanwhile ranged between 2.74 mmh -1 to 31.99 mmh -1 in the third zone. The electric conductivity (EC dS m -1 ) ranged from 0.51 to 11.23dS m -1 and CaCO3 from 7.25 to 34.8 %. All values of infiltration rate were ranged between moderate to very rapid according to soil physical and chemical properties. It can be concluded that irrigation systems should be designed according to basic IR and convenient practices of farm management, because soil is one of the main limiting factors for agriculture and precision farm.


In this paper, a reliability model is developed for systems subjected to competing risks and random usage. Degradation process, random shocks, and random usage may cause system failure. We assume that random usage which is an additional time-scale can directly affect the degradation measure. In this regard, we study the effect of random usage on degradation process. We propose a time-based and a condition-based maintenance model to maximize the availability of this system. Maintenance models are considered with and without cost constraint. The performance of the maintenance policies are compared through a numerical example.


In quantum mechanics the statistics of the outcomes of a measuring apparatus is described by a positive operator valued measure (POVM). A quantum channel transforms POVMs into POVMs, generally irreversibly, thus losing some of the information retrieved from the measurement. This poses the problem of which POVMs are "undisturbed," i.e., they are not irreversibly connected to another POVM. We will call such POVMs clean. In a sense, the clean POVMs would be "perfect," since they would not have any additional "extrinsical" noise. Quite unexpectedly, it turns out that such a "cleanness" property is largely unrelated to the convex structure of POVMs, and there are clean POVMs that are not extremal and vice versa. In this article we solve the cleannes classification problem for number n of outcomes n⩽d (d dimension of the Hilbert space), and we provide a set of either necessary or sufficient conditions for n>d, along with an iff condition for the case of informationally complete POVMs for n=d2.


A new generation of concrete is greatly altering the design and construction of bridges across the United States. High-performance concrete (HPC) is specially engineered to enhance specific properties such as strength and durability. While HPC contains the same basic ingredients as conventional concrete, mixes generally feature lower water-to-cement ratios and rely more heavily on mineral admixtures to boost performance. Silica fume ash been used to accelerate early strength gains, while fly ash has produced greater long-term strengths. Its strength properties have been shattering records in the building industry since the mid-1980s, but recent applications in U.S. bridges are raising expectations about design life of highway structures as well as achievable span lengths and beam spacing. HPC bridges are the norm in some European countries, but they have yet to make a big dent in the U.S. market. The Federal Highway Administration has tried to jump-start interest with a showcase program begun in 1993 that offers financial assistance for HPC projects. This program is highlighted in a sidebar.


Supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) involves the resection of the entire thyroid cartilage and paraglottic space. The cricoid cartilage, the hyoid bone, most of the epiglottis and arytenoids are preserved. Laryngeal reconstruction is achieved by suturing the cricoid cartilage and the hyoid bone. This procedure, mainly indicated for cases of late T2, selected T3 and T4 glottic carcinoma, provides radical resection and laryngeal preservation without permanent tracheostomy. We performed this surgery for 22 cases as a primary treatment or as a salvage surgery for cases where radiation treatment failed. Oncologic and functional results are satisfactory. CHEP is considered to be useful as a laryngeal function preserving treatment for locally advanced laryngeal cancer. We also experienced successful laryngeal reconstruction by impaction of the cricoid and the tongue base after extended supracricoid laryngectomy. With a supracricoid laryngectomy, conservation of the hyoid bone is considered essential, and it is contraindicated if tumor infiltrates the hyoid bone. An extended supracricoid laryngectomy was performed on a patient with supraglottic cancer infiltrating the pre-epiglottic space and reaching to the hyoid bone. The larynx was reconstructed by suturing the cricoid cartilage and tongue base. This patient's phonatory and swallowing functions were conserved and the tracheal stoma was closed. While more patients must be studied, conservation of laryngeal function may be possible even when the hyoid bone and tongue base are excised in the course of a supracricoid laryngectomy, thus extending surgical indications.


Growth functions with horizontal asymptotes as Gompertz, Logistic, Richards (generalized Logistic), Bridge or Michaelis-Menten are commonly and widely used in various fields, e.g., agriculture [8, 9, 10, 11, 14], biology [7, 15, 16, 26, 27], economy [22], engineering [21], fishery [24], forestry [18, 29, 30], hydrology [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 12, 17, 28], medicine [13], and other areas of applied research [19, 20, 23]. These growth functions are characterized by an horizontal asymptote and a single inflection point [3]. In some applications it could be usefull to have growth functions with one inflection point and an oblique asymptote. In this paper we extend our previous study [3] and modify the already mentioned models in such a way to obtain an oblique asymptote in keeping the single inflection point property. The structure of the present paper is as follows. In Section 2 we start with a general study of our modified model and introduce some elementary properties which are used in Section 3. In this section we modify some growth functions having a horizontal asymptote to obtain a model having an increasing linear asymptote. Finally in Section 4 we present some numerical examples on synthetic data.


I want to reflect today on what I take to be the academic literacy that grounds the work of English studies. I will be focusing on the university, exploring what is happening to that work across higher education. My ar gument is that teaching academic literacy in the university is, right now and for the foreseeable future, the discipline's most crucial work in the world. My own familiarity with this work?and my life in the profession?be gan with a marginal comment about the introductory paragraph to my very first English paper in college, in September 1963.1 was taking English 1 from Rene Fortin, and the paper was a three-page, double-spaced close reading of Moby-Dick. The teacher's script was legible and gentle, sloping. The comment went like this: "Here [arrow to a sentence] you make Mel ville sound like Plato. Here [another arrow to another sentence] he sounds like Aristotle! Which is he? Which are you?" While not exactly Chapman's Homer, this comment was news to me. What had been a straightforward, required paper with no one really in it was suddenly populated by a small crowd: Plato, Aristotle, Melville, Fortin, Slevin. We were all gathered there in that little one-inch margin, on erasable paper, my writing inexpli cably transformed into an object of cultural attention and interrogation. There I was, no longer the anonymous producer of a top-notch introduc tory paragraph but someone, it seemed, who had interrupted something. My sense of then being invited into the conversation about Plato, Aristotle,


This article addresses the issue of input–output finite-time stabilization for interval type-2 fuzzy systems in the presence of deception attack effects. Our main goal is to make efficient use of network resources by developing an event-triggered controller for interval type-2 fuzzy systems. For the stabilization process, an event-triggered controller that does not share the same membership functions as the system is designed by using affine transformation parameters. Following that, by using an asymmetric Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and some advanced integral inequalities to establish the sufficient conditions for the existence of the proposed controller. Furthermore, an asymptotic stabilization result is presented and discussed in a comparative analysis as a special case. Due to the asymmetric Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional structure, the transmission delay interval is large compared with some recent studies. Finally, two simulation examples are carried out and the efficiency of designed controller is verified.


he current coronavirus pandemic is more than a medical crisis, it is also a political and ideological crisis. It is a crisis deeply rooted in years of neglect by neoliberal governments that denied the importance of public health and the public good while defunding the institutions that made them possible. At the same time, this crisis cannot be separated from the crisis of massive inequalities in wealth, income and power. Nor can it be separated from a crisis of democratic values, education and environmental destruction.


Major points covered by Paul H. Cootner in his discussion of "The Prediction of Systematic and Specific Risk in Common Stocks" by Barr Rosenberg and Walter McKibben have been incorporated by the authors in the revised version of their paper.


Detectives searching for a man wanted in connection with a violent assault at a York pub are continuing their efforts to trace him. Ryan MacLeod, aged ...


The aptitude of a state to take part in global activity is a significant sign of its performance and competitiveness. In this sense, Europe is currently the world's major investing region. Thus, it is important to investigate the impact of the Eurozone crisis on the Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) outflows from the European Union. Hence, this article has the purpose to analyze the Greek FDI flows into the Moldovan economy.


The technique of generalised Procrustes analysis was applied to laboratory panel assessments of appearance, texture and aroma properties of ten commercial variants of tinned cat food. These assessments were made using free-choice profiling and were compared with results obtained from a subsequent fixed-choice profiling experiment. A consumer trial was also performed in a local supermarket to collect preference scores for the cat food, and these scores were related to the laboratory assessments using preference mapping. These techniques can be used by product developers to ascertain the properties of meat products that are important in determining consumer preference.


Using tunable vacuum–ultraviolet radiation from a synchrotron, the decay pathways of the valence electronic states of CF 2 X 2 1 (X 5 Cl, H, Br) in the range 10–25 eV have been determined by threshold photoelectron–photoion coincidence spectroscopy. The ions are separated by a linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Coincidence spectra are recorded continuously as a function of energy, allowing threshold photoelectron spectra and yields of the fragment ions to be obtained. At fixed photon energies, spectra are recorded with improved time resolution, allowing the mean total translational kinetic energy, ^ KE & t , into some dissociation channels to be determined. By comparing the ^ KE & t values for single-bond fragmentations with those predicted for the limiting extremes of a statistical and an impulsive dissociation, information on the nature of the photodissociation dynamics can be inferred. The excited states of all three parent cations show some evidence for isolated-state behavior. With CF 2 Cl 2 1 and CF 2 H 2 1 , this is apparent from the form of the ion yields in the range 11–15 eV, whereas interpretation of the yields for CF 2 Br 2 1 is hampered by an absence of thermochemical data. New upper limits at 298 K for the enthalpies of formation of CF 2 H 1 (593 6 3 kJ mol 2 1 ) and CF 2 Br 1 (570 6 9 kJ mol 2 1 ) are obtained. At higher photon energies, smaller fragment ions are formed following cleavage of more than one bond. With CF 2 Cl 2 and CF 2 Br 2 , the appearance energies of the fragment ions are close to the thermochemical energy for production of that ion with neutral atoms, suggesting that these ions form by bond-fission processes only. With CF 2 H 2 , the one ion unambiguously assigned, CFH 1 , can only form at certain energies with molecular neutral fragments ~ i.e., CFH 1 1 HF ! , involving simultaneous bond-breaking and bond-making processes. The ^ KE & t values for cleavage of a single C–F or C–X bond suggest a relationship between the part of the molecule where ionization occurs and the bond that breaks; impulsive values of ^ KE & t are more likely to be obtained when the breaking bond lies close to the part of the molecule from which ionization occurs, statistical values when ionization occurs further away from the breaking bond. Furthermore, for all CF 2 X 2 1 cations there is a trend from impulsive to statistical behavior as the photon energy is increased. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. @


With shortened first year duration and vast syllabus , it becomes responsibility of the  teachers to give maximum knowledge to the students without burdening them with unnecessary information and also making lectures effective, therefore the present study is undertaken to understand the mentality of first year medical students and the most preferred mode of teaching by them so they will enjoy the lectures without feeling stressful in first year of new course. Objectives : A questionnaire based evaluation of 150 first year medical students was done for various teaching methods. Result: 80 % students preferred lectures on powerpoint presentation whereas 15 % students preferred chalk and board teaching while only 5 % students preferred over head projector (OHP) teaching method.


Aim. To assess the efficacy of complex treatment of retinal veins occlusion with anti-angiogenic - ranibizumab, and laser retinal photocoagulation. Methods. 36 patients (36 eyes) with occlusion of central retinal vein and its branches were included. Patients with central retinal vein occlusion (n=17) were included in the first group, patients with retinal vein branch occlusion (n=19) were included in the second group. All the patients underwent visual acuity testing, ocular tonometry, ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, spectral optical coherence tomography, intravenous fluorescein angiography at the baseline, 1 and 3 months after treatment. Treatment included intravitreal ranibizumab injection (0.5 mg) and laser retinal photocoagulation 1 month after intravitreal injection. Results. In 94.4% of cases good treatment effect was observed. Visual acuity improved from 0.06±0.03 at baseline to 0.22±0.08 (p <0.05) at the end of treatment in the first group and from 0.31±0.06 to 0.64±0.05 (p <0.05) in the second group. Central retinal thickness reduced from 752.2±98.4 μm to 309.21±45.57 μm (p <0.05) in the first and from 689.12±64.08 μm to 235.37±46.07 μm (p <0.05) in the second group. Conclusion. The results indicate high effectiveness of suggested complex treatment of retinal vein occlusion with anti-angiogenic - ranibizumab and laser retinal photocoagulation.


This work presents a CMOS analog integrated circuit in which an array of 8/spl times/8 winner-take-all neural units or competitive units computes binary matrices as an approach to the solution of assignment problems. The small silicon area in this system results from using early low-complexity current-mode circuits. The dynamic performance for selecting winning units by this prototype analog integrated circuit that encodes permutation matrices is evaluated with PSpice simulations.


The ability of humans to manufacture objects and represent physical causality makes them the master species in the use of tools. What is the impact of such a specific skill on the processing of bodily body-related spatial information? To what extent does the skilful manipulation of tools require specific embodiment of the device into one's body representation? The present chapter reviews the effect of tool use on the representation of the body and space surrounding it, by analysing the cognitive effects of tool use and its neural representations. Studies on animals, healthy humans, and neuropsychological patients suggest that multisensory integration of stimuli far from the body is enhanced when a tool can reach those stimuli. Such a spatial remapping indicates that the body schema may adapt to include the device into one's body representation. Notably, tool use-related changes are not limited to spatial processing, but also to the processing of body-related sensory-motor information. Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying tool use and the effect of tool use in the representation of the space around us is a paramount challenge to the understanding of body representation, especially considering that modern and more sophisticated technological tools, such as functional prostheses, robotic interfaces, and virtual reality devices, continually shape the central role of the body in human–environment interactions.


Objective
To expand the influence and promotion effect of the grassroots health demonstration base of appropriate technology at county level, explore the practice model for full coverage.

Methods
Four consortium and eight units in the county were engaged into the whole process, the whole cycle, synchronous implementation; the promotion practices were divided into different stages with different focuses based on priority setting; Stratified training, classified promotion strategies were involved to carry out the appropriate technology for all 11 items covered.

Results
The technical promotion training, technical promotion applications were completed with full coverage in the county, gained high satisfaction from both medical staff and public. Enhanced the technology radiation ability, also the base's annual development was increasing year by year.

Conclusions
The base construction full coverage promotion experiences can be shared and learned by other areas which aims for the promotion of fit health techniques.

Key words:
County level; Grassroots health demonstration base construction; Full coverage; Promotion practice


West's syndrome is a serious epileptic syndrome which usually begins in the first year of life. It involves seizures known as "infantile spasms". Dr. Hrachovy describes the disorder and its symptoms.


Reissert compounds have been prepared from 1,7-, 4,6-, and 4,7-phenanthrolines. In the case of 4,7-phenanthroline, both mono- and di-Reissert compounds have been prepared. A number of Reissert analogs have also been prepared in this series. 1,10-Phenanthroline fails to give a Reissert compound.


There has been considerable interest among chemists and physicists during the past ten years in electrically conductive organic compounds [1]. The possibility of conductive materials that are light weight, inexpensive and easily processed has been especially attractive. This paper will describe what makes these organic materials conductive, and their properties in general, as well as results of recent work.


Abstract A general procedure for the simultaneous analysis of phenolic compounds by a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is described. The series of compounds embraces the cis/trans isomers of caffeic, ferulic and isoferulic acids and the coumarins - esculetin, scopoletin and isoscopoletin. In order to establish the experimental conditions, leading to an optimal resolution, several test mixtures were analysed. HPLC separation was carried out on a reversed-phase column (Lichrosorb RP-8, 5 μg), using aqueous tetrahydrofuran as a mobile phase.


In this article, we prove the existence of weak solutions as well as the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for McKean-Vlasov multivalued stochastic differential equations with oblique subgradients (MVMSDEswOS, for short) by means of the equations of Euler type and Skorohod's representation theorem. For this type of equation, compared with the method in [19, 13], since we can't use the maximal monotony property of its constituent subdifferential operator, some different specific techniques are applied to solve our problems. Afterwards, we give an example for MVMSDEswOS with time-dependent convex constraints, which can be reduced to MVMSDEswOS. Fi-nally, we consider an optimal control problem and establish the dynamic programming principle for the value function.


Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of long-term treatment with infliximab in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris.

Methods
Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris, who started infliximab therapy in Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital between March 2016 and May 2018, were followed up. The patients treated with infliximab for more than 54 weeks were enrolled into this study. The patients were treated with infliximab at a weight-based dosage of 5 mg/kg, and the total dosage used per session was 200, 300 and 400 mg for patients with the body weight of 40 - 59 kg, 60 - 79 kg, and > 80 kg respectively. The patients were treated at week 0, 2, 6, 14, 22, 30, 38, 46 and 54, and the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score was determined before each treatment. Mauchly′s test of sphericity, randomized block analysis of variance and Bonferroni method were used to analyze changes of PASI scores after 2-, 6-, 14-, 22-, 30-, 38-, 46- and 54-week treatment. Sequelae and adverse reactions were also recorded.

Results
Twelve patients received the treatment with infliximab, and 9 patients were treated for more than 54 weeks, whose clinical data were analyzed. Before the treatment, the PASI score (M[P25, P75]) of the 9 patients was 26.3 (23.4, 27.7) . There were significant differences in the PASI score among different time points (F = 7.12, P = 0.0004) , and the PASI score of the patients showed a generally decreasing trend over time. After 30-week treatment, the PASI score was 4 (2.5, 5.2) , and the PASI improvement rate was 86.38% ± 6.98%; of the 9 patients, 8 achieved PASI50, 7 achieved PASI75, and 2 achieved PASI90. After 54-week treatment, the PASI score was 8 (3.5, 8.9) , the PASI improvement rate was 64.23% ± 17.32%, and the number of patients achieving PASI50, PASI75 and PASI90 was 8, 4 and 1 respectively. Bonferroni method showed that the PASI score significantly increased at week 54 compared with that at week 30 (t = 3.269, P = 0.0048) , but significantly decreased at weeks 30 and 54 compared with that before the treatment (week 30: t = 18.49, P < 0.0001; week 54: t = 5.81, P = 0.0004) .

Conclusion
Infliximab is remarkably effective for moderate and severe psoriasis vulgaris in the 54- week treatment.

Key words:
Psoriasis; Biological agents; Treatment outcome; Infliximab; Long-term treatment


A formal system FLm, " is proposed to analyze the specification of concurrent programs. The soundness theorem for FLm,n is also proved.


With the development of measurement technology in the direction of precision, high speed, automation, integration, intelligence, economy, non-contact and multifunction, it has simple structure, small size, low energy consumption and strong adaptability. And other advantages have been widely used. However, the sensor of the capacitive encoder works in the state of low voltage and low current, and is extremely susceptible to the influence of the external electric field and magnetic field, causing problems such as input signal distortion and system failure. With the increasing requirements of the manufacturing industry for stability and accuracy, it is of great significance to analyze the capacitive coding error and improve the accuracy. This article analyzes the error generated by the capacitive encoder, enumerates the influence of DC deviation, amplitude deviation, phase deviation, and high-order harmonics on the interpolation error, and compensates the error signal for the aspects that cause larger errors. The sine and cosine signals are close to the ideal state.


From the observation of the Universe, it has been demonstrated that the mass associated to visible matter represents only few percent of its energetic budget, while the remaining part is composed by dark energy, responsible to the cosmological expansion, and by some hidden matter, the dark matter. The likeliest particles family used to describe this dark matter is called WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). That kind of particles could be directly detected by measuring nuclear recoil during an elastic scattering inside a scintillating material. For this, the XENON Collaboration has developed a detector consisting in a time projection chamber (TPC) using xenon dual phase (liquid and gas) detector, and placed underground. The different ionization density of nuclear recoils induced by WIMPs, and electronic recoils induced by b particles or g rays background source, leads to different ratio between both signals, in the liquid and in the gas phase, and is used to discriminate WIMPs from background. A good knowledge of the ionization signal is strongly required for such a detector. In this context, the XENON100 response to single electron charge signals is investigated. They correspond to very tiny signals emitted in the gas phase by one or few electrons extracted in time coincidence. Thanks to this analysis, an innovative method to establish the extraction yield of electrons from the liquid to the gas phase has been drawn, allowing to explore a key information to reject electronic recoils from nuclear
ones.


A fast and efficient algorithm for finding empty area is necessary for online placement, task relocation and defragmentation on a partially reconfigurable FPGA. We present an algorithm that finds empty area as a list of overlapping maximal rectangles. Using an innovative representation of the FPGA, we are able to predict possible locations of the maximal empty rectangles. Worst-case time complexity of our algorithm is O(xy) where x is the number of columns, y is the number of rows and x.y is the total number of cells on the FPGA. Experiments show that, in practice, our algorithm needs to scan less than 15% of the FPGA cells to make a list of all maximal empty rectangles.


ABSTRACT The article introduces some materials from kurgan no. 1 of the Zhaiyk-1 burial site, researched in the 2019 field season. Excavations were conducted in connection with planning for the opening of the "Zhaiyk Fortified Settlement" museum. The kurgan is situated at the entrance to the territory of the future open-air museum. Due to active anthropogenic impact, the mound was in a critical state. The central part of the kurgan had been taken down by heavy equipment; destruction was documented in the western half. The entire surface of the mound has been dug extensively by burrowing animals. Fourteen burials were studied as a result of archeological research. The mound is surrounded by a ring-shaped ditch with a marked entrance on the southern side. Buried to the west of the central grave were women in five complexes, and on the eastern side men, in seven complexes. The material obtained was deposited over several centuries: from the fifth–fourth through the fourth–third centuries BCE. This article emphasizes the female burials, since they are better preserved. Analysis of this and other factors permits us to arrive at conclusions about the significance of the role of women in ancient society.


We demonstrate sub-170ps pulse generation from electrically gain-switched MEMS-VCSELs that are continuously tunable from 833-848nm. This compact, tunable picosecond pulse source is well-suited to optical coherence tomography, high resolution laser spectroscopy and light ranging applications.


Cyanobacteria blooms and cyano⁃toxins such as the microcystins have brought much threat to the drinking water safety in most regions of China􀆰 So far there have been many technologies for removing blooming cells or cyano⁃toxins, while technologies for removing blooming cells and cyano⁃toxins simultaneously are still lacking􀆰 Thus, it is essential to develop technologies for removing blooming cells and cyano⁃toxins simultaneously􀆰 Through our previous work of removing microcystins by Fe(III) compounds, we se⁃ lected four soils for Fe(III) modification and used them in removing microcystis cells and microcystin􀆰 The results indicated that clay content of soil correlated with the microcystin adsorption capacity􀆰 After modification by Fe(III), the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of soil determined soils􀆳 adsorption capacity of microcystins􀆰 Moreover, removal ability of microcystins by soil was promoted significantly after Fe(III) modification, especially for soil IV, about 148 times􀆰 In addition, Fe(III) modified soil could also floc⁃ culate the Microcysits cells and flocculation efficiency correlated with the CEC of soil􀆰 The increase of Fe(III) modified soil dose would shorten the equilibrium time of Microcystis cells flocculation􀆰 During application in the field, high removal efficiency of micro⁃ cystis cells was also got as the results of laboratory experiment, but microcystins removal efficiency decreased due to competition re⁃ action for Fe(III) by the Microcystis cells or other organic matter in the natural water.


Laundry detergent pod (LDP) exposure has been reported to be fatal in children younger than 2 years, leading to respiratory or central nervous system depression. While gastrointestinal irritation is the most common symptom, there are reported cases of severe acidosis with respiratory depression or pneumonia, resulting in mortality. To our best knowledge, there is no report on a case of LDP exposure presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Here, we present a case of a child with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome following LDP exposure, who was successfully treated with veno-pulmonary extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and steroids.


Background: The out of Africa hypothesis has gained generalized consensus. However, many specific questions remain unsettled. To know whether the two M and N macrohaplogroups that colonized Eurasia were already present in Africa before the exit is puzzling. It has been proposed that the east African clade M1 supports a single origin of haplogroup M in Africa. To test the validity of that hypothesis, the phylogeographic analysis of 13 complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences and 261 partial sequences belonging to haplogroup M1 was carried out. Results: The coalescence age of the African haplogroup M1 is younger than those for other M Asiatic clades. In contradiction to the hypothesis of an eastern Africa origin for modern human expansions out of Africa, the most ancestral M1 lineages have been found in Northwest Africa and in the Near East, instead of in East Africa. The M1 geographic distribution and the relative ages of its different subclades clearly correlate with those of haplogroup U6, for which an Eurasian ancestor has been demonstrated. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that M1, or its ancestor, had an Asiatic origin. The earliest M1 expansion into Africa occurred in northwestern instead of eastern areas; this early spread reached the Iberian Peninsula even affecting the Basques. The majority of the M1a lineages found outside and inside Africa had a more recent eastern Africa origin. Both western and eastern M1 lineages participated in the Neolithic colonization of the Sahara. The striking parallelism between subclade ages and geographic distribution of M1 and its North African U6 counterpart strongly reinforces this scenario. Finally, a relevant fraction of M1a lineages present today in the European Continent and nearby islands possibly had a Jewish instead of the commonly proposed Arab/Berber maternal ascendance. Background The reconstruction of human history is a multidisciplinary objective. Alternative models proposed to explain the origin and dispersion of modern humans on the basis of paleoanthropological data [1] have received uneven support from other disciplines. From a genetic perspective, uniparental non-recombining markers have depicted the most complete and coherent picture of the origin of Published: 9 July 2007 BMC Genomics 2007, 8:223 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-223 Received: 4 September 2006 Accepted: 9 July 2007 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/223 © 2007 González et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Page 1 of 12 (page number not for citation purposes) BMC Genomics 2007, 8:223 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/223 modern humans, clearly favoring the recent out-of-Africa hypothesis. The greatest diversity and the deepest phylogenetic branches for both Y-chromosome [2,3] and mtDNA [4,5] have been found in Africa. These African lineages have coalescence ages [6-9] compatible with a recent African origin of modern humans as proposed by fossil [10,11] and archaeological studies [12]. Furthermore, only more derived lineages have been found out of Africa supporting the hypothesis that, in their worldwide dispersion, modern humans replaced archaic humans inside and outside Africa. It seems that radiation in Africa of Ychromosome M168 derived lineages [13] and L3 mtDNA lineages [14] preceded the out-of-Africa expansion. Focusing on mtDNA, all non-African lineages belong to two founder clusters, named M and N, which share a common root with their L3 African counterpart. Two possible outof-Africa routes have been proposed: A southern coastal route bordering the Read Sea and an Eurasian continental route through the Levant. Based on mitochondrial phylogeography it was proposed that M lineages expanded with the coastal route to southern Asia and Oceania and N lineages by the continental route to Eurasia [7]. However, the posterior detection of primitive N lineages in southern areas as India [15,16] and Australia [6,17] weakened that hypothesis [18]. As, in addition, the founder ages of M and N are very similar, the alternative hypothesis, that M and N founders derived from a single African migration, was favored by several authors [16,19-21]. Another related disjunctive yet not settled is whether M and N (and its main branch R) arose inside or outside Africa [20]. The detection of a basal branch of haplogroup M in Africa (M1) gave support to the idea that haplogroup M originated in eastern Africa and was carried towards Asia with the out-of-Africa expansion [22]. The alternative hypothesis, that haplogroup M1 could trace a posterior backflow to Africa from Asia, considered by several authors [7,21,23,24] has not yet gained experimental support because, until now, no ancestral M1 lineages have been found outside Africa [21,24,25]. To shed light on this haplogroup we have constructed a phylogeny of the M1 clade based on the analysis of 13 complete or nearly complete mitochondrial sequences representing the main branches of M1 and realized a phylogeographic study using 261 partial M1 sequences to determine the most probable age and origin of this clade and the temporal and spatial frame of its secondary expansions in Africa and Eurasia. Results Although we have only completely sequenced a limited number of M1 lineages, the combination of HVSI haplotypes and RFLP status carried out for the rest of our M1 samples allow us to be confident that we have not missed any new basic M1 lineage. As an outgroup of the M1 genomic phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1) we used a published Indian M30 complete sequence [25]. When this M30 lineage is compared to the rare M sequence previously detected in two Palestinians [26], it is evident that it belongs to the Indian super-clade M4'30, as it shares the basal mutation 12007. More specifically it belongs to the M30 branch because it also has transition 15431. M30 has a broad geographic, ethnic and linguistic range in India. It has been detected in northern and southern India, in Australoid and Caucasoids, and in Dravid and Indo-European speakers [24,25]. So, instead of an autochthonous Near East M lineage, its presence in Palestine is probably due to a recent gene flow from India. After careful re-reading and partial re-sequencing of two previously published M1 sequences [7], we have detected in them the following errors: both have the 12950C transversion, and, in addition M1,1 has the 6671 transition and M1,2 the 13111 transition. Taking these modifications into account, from the M basal type, haplogroup M1 is characterized by one transversion (12950C) and four transitions (6446, 6680, 12403, and 14110) in the coding region and by a five transitions motif (195, 16129, 16189, 16249, and 16311) in the non-coding region (Fig. 1). This haplogroup can be RFLP diagnosed by a MnlI site loss at position 12402. Two main branches, M1c and M1abde, respectively defined by transitions 13111 and 6671, sprout from the root. Based on partial sequences M1c was defined by transition 16185 [21]. However, not all M1c lineages present this mutation that, in addition, recurrently appears in a M1b1 lineage. It seems that for population studies M1c could be better diagnosed by a DdeI site loss using a modified reverse primer (Table 1). It is surprising that none of the three M1c complete sequences have an eastern Africa ancestry: one (Jor771) has a Levantine origin and the other two belong to West sub-Saharan Africa (SER558) and West Mediterranean (VAL1881) areas. The latter two sequences conform a new M1c1 subclade defined by transitions 10895 and 16399 that can be RFLP diagnosed at 10895 position (Table 1). In relation to the M1abde cluster, it is also surprising that one lineage that directly branched out from the root (BER957) has a northwestern, not eastern, Berber ancestry. All the rest of lineages shared the 813 transition forming the M1abd cluster. Again, an isolate offshoot of Basque ancestry (BASV82) sprouts from its root. Subclade M1b was characterized by an RFLP site gain (+15882 AvaII) and loss of -15883 HaeIII [22]. Later an M1b subclade defined by the non-coding motif 16260–16320 and restricted to East Africans was identified [21]. Consistently, none of our M1b sequences from western areas has that motif. The last cluster, M1a, was first distinguished by RFLP +12345 RsaI [22] and, after that, further characterized by transition 16359 [21]. In addition it also has transition 3705 at its root (Fig. 1). M1a is the most prominent clade in eastern Africa. However, its expansion occurred later than the Page 2 of 12 (page number not for citation purposes) BMC Genomics 2007, 8:223 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/223 other M1 branches (Fig. 1). An M1a subclade, M1a2, defined by transition 9053, that can be RFLP diagnosed (Table 1), testifies a posterior spread of M1a to western Asia. Geographic distribution of M1 Figure 2 shows the reduced median network obtained from the 261 M1 haplotypes found in a global search comprising more than 38,713 HVSI sequences. In Africa, haplogroup M1 has supra-equatorial distribution (see additional files 1 and 2). As previously reported its highest frequencies and diversities (Table 2) are found in Ethiopia in particular and in East Africa in general. Two appreciable gradients exist. Frequencies significantly diminished from East to West and also going South to sub-Saharan areas. M1 is not uncommon in the Mediterranean basin showing a peak in the Iberian Peninsula. However, it is rare in Phylogenetic tree based on complete M1 sequences Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree based on complete M1 sequences. Numbers along links refer to nucleotide positions. C, G indicate transversions; "d" deletions and "i" insertions. Recurrent mutations are unde


This paper is concerned with three aspects of the study of topological versions of the translational hull of a topological semigroup. These include topological properties, applications to the general theory of topological semigroups, and techniques for computing the translational hull. The central result of this paper is that if S is a compact reductive topological semigroup and its translational hull Sl(S) is given the topology of continuous convergence (which coincides with the topology of pointwise convergence and the compact- open topology in this case), then Sl(S) is again a compact topological semigroup. Results pertaining to extensions of bitranslations are given, and applications of these together with the central result to semigroup compactifications and divis- ibility are presented. Techniques for determining the translational hull of cer- tain types of topological semigroups, along with numerous examples, are set forth in the final section.


A novel contactless cell with high capacitive-coupling ratio (HiCR) of 0.8, which is programmed and erased by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, has been developed for 3 V-only 64 Mbit and future flash memories. A 1.50 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell area is obtained by using a 0.4 /spl mu/m technology. The HiCR cell structure is realized by 1) self-aligned definition of small tunneling regions underneath the floating-gate side wall and 2) advanced rapid thermal process for 7.5-nm thick tunnel oxynitride. The internal voltages used for program and erase are +8 V and +12 V, respectively. The total process-step numbers can be reduced to 85% compared to reported memory cells so far.<<ETX>>


The study was conducted to asses the aquatic faunal diversity in the Ratargul Swamp Forest during the period from November 2014 to October 2015. For the systematic study of aquatic fauna, the quadrate method along with transect was used where 4 transects were selected in the swamp forest each with 5 stations based on topography and vegetation. A total of 24 species of aquatic fauna belonging to 18 families were identified during the period, which were crustaceans (7), molluscs (4), fishes (12) and annelid (1). Among them, fishes were the most dominant and abundant groups. The crustaceans, molluscs, fishes and annelid were shown different pattern of density and diversity within the Transects. The density of individuals in Ratargul Swamp Forest varied from station to station within a range of 8 to 40 Indm - ² . The lowest Simpson's Index of Diversity was 2.76 in T-4, which was situated in the transitional area between forested land and relatively deep lake within the forest. Leptocarpus potamiscus , Nandus nandus , and Pila globosa were the dominant shrimp, fish and mollusc species in the T-4, respectively. The highest Simpson's Index of Diversity was 3.89 in T-3, which was situated along the bank of a small channel within the forest. Nematopalaemon tenuipes , Puntius ticto , and Pila globosa were the dominant shrimp, fish and mollusc species in T-3, respectively. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 51-64 2016


A suitable wound closure is an indispensable requirement for an uncomplicated and expedient recovery after an abdominal surgery. The closure technique will have a great impact on the healing proces...


Nominal metaphors (figurative statements of the form X is Y) can often be restated as similes (figurative statements of the form X is like Y). Thus, one can say both Time is a river and Time is like a river. This grammatical alternation is often assumed to be arbitrary, with metaphors and their simile counterparts being synonymous. (Indeed, metaphors are traditionally defined as elliptical similes.) However, a handful of studies have suggested that the two forms may in fact not be equivalent. For example, Gibb and Wales (1990) found that similes are preferred over metaphors for figurative statements with concrete predicates, and Reynolds and Ortony (1980) found that simile comprehension developmentally precedes metaphor comprehension. What accounts for these differences between the two forms? Two recent proposals have been made. According to Gentner and Bowdle's (2001) career of metaphor hypothesis, conventionality plays a key role. On this view, novel figurative statements are processed as comparisons between the target concept (a-term) and the base concept (bterm). Therefore, similes will be strongly preferred over metaphors for novel statements, as the grammatical form of similes suggests comparison, whereas the grammatical form of metaphors suggests categorization. As metaphoric base terms become conventionalized, however, they take on additional, more abstract meanings that can act as metaphoric categories. Thus, conventional figurative statements can be processed either as comparisons involving the original sense of the base term, or as categorizations involving the derived sense of the base term, which means that they can be phrased either as similes or as metaphors. Aisenman (1999) has proposed an alternative account. According to Aisenman, the distinction between metaphors and similes is closely tied to the type of similarity expressed by the figurative statement. If the similarity between the target and base is primarily attributional – that is, if both items are perceptually alike – then the simile form will be preferred. If, on the other hand, the similarity between the target and base is primarily relational – that is, if both items are functionally alike – then the metaphor form will be preferred. The basic assumption here is that function tends to be more conceptually central than physical appearance. Thus, relational similarity should call for the "stronger" grammatical form: namely, the metaphor We tested these two alternative accounts of the metaphor / simile distinction by presenting subjects with both novel and conventional figurative statements whose target and base terms were either attributionally similar or relationally similar. In one experiment, subjects received all four types of statements (novel + attributional, novel + relational, conventional + attributional, conventional + relational) as both metaphors and similes, and were asked to indicate which form they preferred. A main effect of conventionality was obtained, with the simile form being preferred more strongly for novel statements than for conventional statements. However, there was only a marginal effect of similarity type in the direction predicted by Aisenman's account. In a second experiment, subjects were presented with the same statements, each statement being phrased either as a metaphor or as a simile. Subjects were asked to rate the aptness of the statements. An interaction between conventionality and grammatical form was obtained, such that similes were rated as more apt than metaphors for novel statements, but not for conventional statements. There was no interaction between similarity type and grammatical form. Relational statements were not rated as more apt when phrased as metaphors, and attributional statements were not rated as more apt when phrased as similes. Overall, the results of these experiments support the career of metaphor hypothesis and its approach to the metaphor / simile distinction. Nevertheless, we believe that type of similarity could play a key role during the process of conventionalization. Relational figurative comparisons may be more likely than attributional figurative comparisons to lead to the abstraction of conventional metaphoric categories. Indeed, our research suggests that the majority of conventional metaphor bases are relationally defined.


Working capital is also called as Circulating Capital. It is that part of capital which is required for meeting the day-to-day expenses of a business unit. A managerial accounting strategy focusing on maintaining efficient levels of both the components of working capital that is  current assets and current liabilities. Working capital management ensures a company has sufficient cash flow in order to meet its short-term debt obligations and operating expenses. To improve working capital cycle company has to take various measures like improve the debtors and creditors cycle, accept advance payment, equity financing, focus on factoring and letter of credit discounting etc.


The utility model discloses a combined house with thermal insulation, which is made of multilayer combined thermal insulating plates and various aluminium section strips. The combined house with thermal insulation comprises three-layer wall plates, wave-shaped plates 2, and U-shaped, H-shaped and star-shaped aluminium connecting strips and the aluminium connecting strips forming a shape like the Chinese character 'jin'. The combined thermal insulating plates and various aluminium sections are sheathed mutually to quickly form a firm and beautiful combined house with favorable thermal insulating effect.


Galvin showed that for all fixed δ and sufficiently large n, the n‐vertex graph with minimum degree δ that admits the most independent sets is the complete bipartite graph Kδ,n−δ . He conjectured that except perhaps for some small values of t, the same graph yields the maximum count of independent sets of size t for each possible t. Evidence for this conjecture was recently provided by Alexander, Cutler, and Mink, who showed that for all triples (n,δ,t) with t≥3 , no n‐vertex bipartite graph with minimum degree δ admits more independent sets of size t than Kδ,n−δ . Here, we make further progress. We show that for all triples (n,δ,t) with δ≤3 and t≥3 , no n‐vertex graph with minimum degree δ admits more independent sets of size t than Kδ,n−δ , and we obtain the same conclusion for δ>3 and t≥2δ+1 . Our proofs lead us naturally to the study of an interesting family of critical graphs, namely those of minimum degree δ whose minimum degree drops on deletion of an edge or a vertex.


Successful reproduction in the Brassicaceae is mediated by a complex series of interactions between the pollen and the pistil, and some species have an additional layer of regulation with the self-incompatibility trait. While the initial activation of the self-incompatibility pathway by the pollen S-locus protein11/S-locus cysteine-rich peptide and the stigma S Receptor Kinase is well characterized, the downstream mechanisms causing self-pollen rejection are still not fully understood. In previous studies, we had detected the presence of autophagic bodies with self-incompatible pollinations in Arabidopsis lyrata and transgenic A. thaliana lines, but it was not known if autophagy was essential for self-pollen rejection. Here, we investigated the requirement of autophagy in this response by crossing mutations in the essential AUTOPHAGY7 (ATG7) gene into two different transgenic self-incompatible A. thaliana lines in the Col-0 and C24 accessions. By using these previously characterized transgenic lines that express A. lyrata and A. halleri self-incompatibility genes, we demonstrated that disrupting autophagy can weaken their self-incompatible responses in the stigma. When the atg7 mutation was present, an increased number of self-incompatible pollen were found to hydrate and form pollen tubes that successfully fertilized the self-incompatible pistils. Additionally, we confirmed the presence of GFP-ATG8a labelled autophagosomes in the stigmatic papillae following self-incompatible pollinations. Together, these findings support the requirement of autophagy in the self-incompatibility response and add to the growing understanding of the cellular events that take place in the stigma to reject self-pollen. One Sentence Summary In self-incompatible transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines, autophagy is an integral part of the cellular responses in the stigma to efficiently block fertilization by self-incompatible pollen.


It is increasingly important to document past records of hydrologic change in areas that are drought‐prone to better predict the region's future vulnerability to recharge and water supply. Holocene spring‐associated carbonate deposits serve as terrestrial records of water balance that can complement other local, high‐resolution proxies that are moisture‐sensitive. Here we examine two carbonate deposits (one inactive perched tufa site and one active fluvial tufa site) that form from ambient‐temperature freshwater springs, as proxies of their depositional conditions. Radiocarbon (14C) analyses of charcoal fragments from the inactive perched tufa record depositional ages of 6.2 ± 0.06 (2σ) cal ka bp and 8.0 ± 0.04 (2σ) cal ka bp and agree with the age models from other proxies of past pluvial periods in the region (~16 to 5 ka). The active fluvial tufas date to 853 ± 0.4 cal bp, representing conditions similar to modern flow. Geomorphologic and radiocarbon results indicate the perched tufa reflects wetter conditions fed by a higher water table. Stable isotopic analyses of carbonate (δ13C, δ18O) reveal distinct isotopic values between modern and early–mid‐Holocene tufa. This work underscores potential for the analysis of other moisture‐sensitive tufa deposits in coastal central California.


Traffic engineers are looking for creative ways to better manage and use the existing roadway infrastructure. The Integrated Corridor Traffic Management (ICTM) project is attempting to accomplish this through a combination of teamwork and technology. The Federal Highway Administration, Minnesota DOT, Hennepin County, and the cities of Bloomington, Richfield, and Edina have joined forces to tackle these issues. The goal is to improve the efficiency of travel through a congested corridor. This goal will be accomplished by: Implementing an adaptive traffic control system; Developing corridor-wide traffic management strategies; Integrating freeway ramp meters and traffic signals; Enhancing the ramp metering system; Expanding the video surveillance system; Deploying an arterial motorist information system; and, Developing a comprehensive incident management plan


This article analyses the correlation of a rhythm and a rhythmic structure. The concept of rhythm is specified by the free game of the order, will, pleasure and movement. It is emphasized that the event is the phenomenon that generates the space of the game or the rhythm. The secession from the event means the change of the rhythm in the rhythmic structure, which leads to the formation of a discourse. It is concluded that the discourse and the event alternate this way.


Presentation of Case First admission. A 24-year-old woman was admitted to the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary because of discomfort in the throat, hoarseness and nocturnal dyspnea and stridor. Four months previously she began to notice fullness in the throat. Six weeks before admission she became increasingly hoarse, particularly on awakening in the morning, and experienced dyspnea on exertion and difficulty in swallowing. She received tetracycline, without relief. One month before entry numerous cervical lymph nodes became enlarged. Three weeks later examination at another hospital revealed edema of the larynx and left side of the palate. She failed to . . .


Of late, most types of ac motors can be operated using variable frequency drives (VFDs) by merely selecting the type of motor and the corresponding control method using a sophisticated all-in-one software platform. As technology improves, the VFD is becoming more of a plug and play, software-based electrical equipment. There have been no comparable technological advancement/improvements in the hardware realm except for the potential use of wide band gap devices (SiC or GaN) to reduce losses. The idea being proposed here is a hardware platform that is similar to an all-in-one software platform. By reconfiguring the hardware platform, one could achieve totally new or additional features that can enhance the overall performance of a VFD. It is shown that by adding one small hardware device as part of the main VFD, the unit can be reconfigured to provide four distinct features/functions as desired. An off-the-shelf VFD is used as an example to illustrate the various configurations achievable based on the proposed hardware modification. The proposed topology's cost, size, and features are compared with a traditional VFD with externally added components to achieve similar features/functions. In addition, the amount of time estimated to be saved in developing the proposed four-in-one converter compared to developing individual, external units to achieve similar features and functions is also investigated.


This article uses a case study of a migrant-sending village in Anhui to understand why migrant workers build large houses in home villages. The rural sex-ratio imbalance at marriageable ages, heightened by the rural-urban migration of women, has led to an increase in the negotiating power of young women in the rural marriage market. Young men's families construct large houses to attract potential brides and facilitate patrilocal residence. The lack of maternity leave and affordable childcare in migrant destination cities encourages female migrants to return to the countryside to give birth to and raise children. Large rural houses offer young female migrants comfortable places to live and privacy when they cohabitate with their parents-in-law, who help them raise their children. Although most new-generation migrant workers do not have agricultural experience, rural areas are important to this generation because they provide affordable housing and family support.


The fundamental limits of the gain, efficiency and Q-value of an antenna put severe restrictions on small antennas. In this paper it is discussed how one can avoid low efficiency and high Q-values in small antennas by examining the far-field pattern of the antenna. The analysis is based on the expansion of the electromagnetic fields in terms of vector spherical harmonics.


The anharmonic thermal expansion (TE) coefficient of crystalline silver (Ag) has been calculated and analyzed in the temperature-dependent. Based on the anharmonic effective potential, the calculation model is developed using the correlated Debye model and the many-body perturbation approach. Thermodynamic parameters of the crystal lattice are derived from the influence of thermal vibrations of all atoms. The anharmonicity results from phonon-phonon interactions, with each thermal vibration can be quantized and treated as a phonon. The obtained expression of the anharmonic TE coefficient of Ag can satisfy all their temperature-dependent fundamental properties. The numerical results of Ag agree well with those obtained from the other theoretical models and experimental data at various temperatures in the range from 0 K to 1000 K. The obtained results indicate the effectiveness of the present model in investigating the TE coefficient of Ag.


Problem statement. Today, the legal doctrine ofUkraine lacks a proper general analysis of the legal regime of the water resource inventory lands. The subject is especially relevant for revealing the nature of that category of lands and their effective utilization.  In this respect, a need arises to research the legislation of Ukraine and scientific concepts as to legal regulation of the water resource inventory lands, the features, specificity and content of which is to be explored. The topical value of the research . The objective and goals of the research are to analyze the specific features of legal regulation of the water resource inventory lands, develop a doctrinal conception of the said land category, their main designated purpose, structure, and formulate a series of conclusions, which should be of both theoretical and practical significance. Recent research and publications analysis. Certain aspects of the problem have been considered in the works by such land law scholars as V. Аndreitsev, H. Аnisimova, О. Donets, А. Hetman, V. Hordieiev, І. Каrakash, P. Кulynych, А. Міroshnychenko, V. Nosik, О. Pohorielova, О. Pohribnyi, А. Sokolova, А Тurubyner, Yu. Shemshuchenko, М. Shulha, Yu. Vovk and other scientists. The aim of the article. The paper presents a theoretical generalization and provides a new solution to the scientific task of determining the features, specificity and content of the legal regime of the water resource inventory lands. With regard to the theoretical provisions presented in the paper, as well as a study of the modern scientific achievements, analysis of the national legislation ofUkraine and international experience in the field, a number of conclusions of theoretical and practical significance have been formulated. Conclusions of the research . Based on the analysis of the national laws relating to lands of the researched category and the legislation genesis, the author concludes as follows: continuous changes of the character of relations pertaining to use and protection of the water resource inventory lands have stipulated the introduction and development of the normative regulation of that kind of social relations in specific regulatory acts; elaboration of legislation relating to lands of the water resource inventory was incoherent and non-simultaneous; despite a sufficient number of normative and regulatory acts, adopted after approval of the Land Code in 2001, many issues concerning the use and protection of the water resource inventory lands remain unresolved, the legal regulation of relations pertaining to their use being applied at the level of bylaws, which does not comply with the call of today. In this connection, the legal regime of the water inventory lands is incomplete as for legal regulation sphere and thus requires improvement.


The London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor) and the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (Euribor) are two key market benchmark interest rates used in a plethora of financial contracts with notional amounts running into the hundreds of trillions of dollars. The integrity of the rate-setting process for these benchmarks has been under intense scrutiny ever since the first reports of attempts to manipulate these rates surfaced in 2007. In this paper, we analyze Libor and Euribor rate submissions by the individual panel banks and shed light on the underlying manipulation incentives by quantifying their potential effects on the final rate set (the "fixing"). Furthermore, we explicitly take into account the possibility of collusion between several market participants. Our setup allows us to quantify such effects for the actual rate-setting process that is in place at present, and compare it to several alternative rate-setting procedures. We find that such alternative rate fixings, and larger sample sizes, could significantly reduce the effect of manipulation. Furthermore, we discuss the role of the particular questions asked of the panel banks, which are different for Libor and Euribor, and examine the need for a transaction database to validate individual submissions.


Dr P Vijayakumar is an Intraprenuer, Innovator and Chairperson at the Centre for Social and Organisational Leadership (C SOL) at Tata Institute of social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai. As an Intrapreneur, he has conceptualised, developed and offered a very comprehensive Organisation Development and Change Diploma programme in India from TISS Mumbai Campus for the working Executives. Currently the same programme is offered also from Delhi and Bangalore. Over 17 years, he has developed and has been teaching courses in OD& Change and leadership at TISS and various universities outside India. He has presented and published many articles and a recipient of Erasmus Mundus scholarship. Has recently won the Indus foundation award for his contribution to management teaching.


. In this paper, the auxiliary equation method is successfully applied to compute analytical solutions for ( 3 + 1 ) -dimensionalgeneralisedKadomtsev–Petviashviliand


Total Quality Management (TQM) is a system of continuous improvement employing participative management and centred on the needs of customers. TQM principles are yet to be applied in the libraries of India. It involves management responsibility, personnel and material sources and a quality system structure. The author discusses how the Quality Circle. a new approach to library management, can be adopted to achieve success in the library operations and programmes. Implementation of TQM in the university libraries is discussed and a TQM-MODEL is suggested to bring a total quality approach for a customer-focused library. TQM aims at introducing a new cultural change which is likely to bring about greater participation of the employees in information management activities in the university libraries.


A comprehensive directory of two-, three-, four-year college and university teachers in chemistry and chemistry-related fields in the United States, its territories, and Canada.


Development Credit Agreement—Renewable Resources Development Project (with schedules and General Conditions Applicable to Development Credit Agreements dated 1 January 1985). Signed at Washington on 5 March 1993


This paper provides evidence on how consumers and investors react to terror attacks based on a new database from the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. An increase in terror casualties triggers households to alter their perceived personal security and expected future income. Only ex-post do households distinguish a temporary from a permanent increase in terror casualties. A temporary increase in the number of terror casualties causes a bust-boom cycle of durables consumption and irreversible investment; nondurables are affected less. A permanent increase in the number of terror casualties causes a one-time drop in consumption. This is in line with the theory on irreversible investment and durables consumption: terror generates temporary uncertainty about personal security and future income, which in turn causes a bust-boom cycle of durables due to bunching of purchases in later periods. A permanent increase in terror causes neither bunching nor boom. Similar results are obtained for the effect of terror casualties on fixed capital.


Because the fraction of dark matter in spiral galaxies varies with luminosity, or for a number of other possible reasons, the relation between infrared luminosity and velocity width has previously been shown to be nonlinear. The relation between surface brightness and velocity width is now demonstrated to be nonlinear also. When these nonlinearities are taken into account, an apparent trend in surface brightness of cluster spirals with redshift is shown to be spurious. Apparent correlations of surface brightness and slope on cluster richness and cluster velocity dispersion also disappear. Neither this effect, nor an apparent trend in slope of the infrared Tully-Fisher relation with Hubble type, in themselves imply that the Tully-Fisher relation depends on the environment in which galaxies are located. 26 refs.


This is a perception operation. This statement is very usual on written and social media nowadays. The structural features of the social media instruments and their being open to interactions differing from the traditional communication instruments enable social media to be easily canalized, provoked and diverted from the objectives. In this context, perception management strategies have a significant share in the use of information with the purpose of misleading the target mass by manipulating it for the sake of certain interests. With this aspect, perception management process confronts us as a power struggle taking place on knowledge and information. What is this perception management? What is the relationship with social media? This article written to manage or inspire your perception about social media and perception management tried to find answers to these questions.


AIM: To construct the bait vector (pGBKT7 Hsp70) of MATHMAKER GAL4 Two Hybrid System 3, and test it for its autonomous activation. METHODS: Hsp70 gene was amplified by PCR from pBBS212 Hsp70 plasmid, and the Eco RI and Bam HI sites were introduced into it. The Hsp70 gene, after sequenced, was cloned into pGBKT7. Self activation of the recombination vector (pGBKT7 Hsp70) was tested. RESULTS: The pGBKT7 Hsp70 vector was successfully constructed and had no autonomous activation. CONCLUSION: The pGBKT7 Hsp70 was proved to be suitable for further research on the genes in tumors, which interact with the Hsp70.


Researchers, stakeholders and policy makers agree about the importance of the population ageing in modern societies, so a broad analysis of current research strategies is in progress, such as FUTURAGE, a network for drawing a map for future research on ageing. This document presents the Spanish contribution to this map following FUTURAGE guidelines, drawn from the debates held in the 'Ageing. Research in Spain and Europe' Workshop. The first part consists of general ideas seeking to define future challenges on research using a multidisciplinary approach, in which the theoretical and methodological debate, the comparative and multilevel perspective, the transfer of knowledge and involvement of the older people would be essential to consider. Some of the main issues structure are, the bio-gerontology of ageing, healthy and active ageing, and according to FUTURAGE the socioeconomic and environmental resources of ageing. The interaction between these contents is pivotal to understand the research on ageing. Finally, the document provides some methodological and instrumental ideas to reinforce the need for cross-sectional research initiatives, integrating different data Para la celebración del Congreso «Envejecimiento. La investigación en España y Europa» se dispuso de una Acción Complementaria homónima, el Plan Nacional de I + D (CSO2010-10473-E). ∗ Autor para correspondencia. Correo electrónico: email@example.com (V. Rodríguez Rodríguez). 211-139X/$ – see front matter © 2012 SEGG. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L. Todos los derechos reservados. oi:10.1016/j.regg.2012.02.005 V. Rodríguez Rodríguez et al / Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2012;47(4):174–179 175 and combining methods in order to develop assessment and intervention strategies. Other aspects look into the mechanisms to coordinate research within a European context. The map on ageing research has been published after the consultation process in Europe (http://futurage.group.shef.ac.uk/road-map.html) and is now ready to be considered for integration into


A number of techniques for performing portacaval end-to-side and side-to-side pancreaticoduodenal and mesenterico-caval shunts in rats are described. These shunts, transposition and arterialization are valuable objects for training in microvascular surgery. Effects of shunts, liver function, hemodynamics, metabolic and neurological changes related to portal flow, liver metabolism, and portal pressure are compared.


The physiological significance of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, an important metabolite derived from the catabolism of flavan-3-ols by gut microbiota, has been often overlooked due to the lack of the commercial standard. In the present work, this metabolite has been chemically synthesized, and its analytical parameters and antioxidant capacity have been determined in comparison to other chemical analogues [isomer 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-δ-valerolactone and γ-valerolactone] and other structurally related compounds [(+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid]. The synthesized compound was also used to perform a targeted analysis in samples collected during the in vitro fermentation of a grape seed flavan-3-ol extract with human fecal microbiota from three healthy volunteers. The time-course formation of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone revealed large interindividual differences among volunteers, with concentrations ranging from 3.31 to 77.54 μM at 10 h of fermentation. These results are further discussed in view of the scarce reports quantifying 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone in in vitro fermentation studies, and pharmacokinetic and intervention studies.


This note calls attention to three Lullian codices of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Georgenberg at Fiecht (Austrian Tyrol), identifying the six authentic works plus one apocryphal work they contain, and tracing their Italian provenance.


Due to the complex geopolitical processes of the twentieth century, Ukrainians became part of various states, in particular, part of this ethnic group became part of Romania. Taking into consideration the historical-political and social conditions, the authors of the paper give complex analysis of the peculiarities of the ethnocultural communication of the Ukrainians of Romania, the establishment and development of the Ukrainian-language press in this country, examines the main problems of the modern functions of the Ukrainian printed mass media and outlines the possible perspectives of their development. The Ukrainian language went through changes in education and mass media in Romania. The situation of the Ukrainian mass media worsened in Romania during the interwar period (especially in the 1930s) due to assimilation processes and turning Ukrainians into Romanians. The expansion of the Ukrainian information communication segment in Romania began with the introduction of the native-language primary and second education (7 grades) in 1948. The Ukrainian printed mass media of Romania are too weak today, they are published irregularly, have too weak influence on the cultural life of the Ukrainian group in this country.


Here, we present the effect of the graphene decoration with palladium nanoparticles (NPs) on the sensor sensitivity. A key aspect of this work is the method used for the decoration, that is made directly on pristine graphene obtained by the exfoliation of natural graphite in eco-friendly solvents at room temperature; the subsequent microwave treatment supplies the energy needed for the reduction of the palladium salt into palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs), which directly stick onto the pristine graphene surface. The PdNPs decoration results in a great improvement of the device response towards hydrogen, by definitively turning the high sensitivity versus nitrogen dioxide of the pristine material.


: The maritime traffic analysis has been conducted in various ways to solve problems arising from the complex marine environment. However, recent trends in the maritime industry, such as the development of the maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS), suggest that maritime traffic analysis needs change. Accordingly, based on the studies conducted over the past decade for improvements, automatic identification system (AIS) data is mainly used for maritime traffic analysis. Moreover, the use of geographic information that directly affects ship operation is relatively insufficient. Therefore, this study presented a method of using a combination of shape format data and AIS data to enhance maritime traffic analysis in preparation for the commercialization of autonomous ships. Consequently, extractable marine traffic characteristics were presented when shape format data were used for marine traffic analysis. This is expected to be used for marine traffic analysis for the introduction of autonomous ships in the future.


Through empirical research, this paper puts forward and validates the theoretical model of occupational adaptation for vocational college graduates, which consists of four dimensions: occupational cognitive adaptation, occupational psychological adaptation, occupational skills adaptation, interpersonal and professional environment adaptation. The study finds that the overall level of occupational adaptation of graduates from higher vocational colleges is low; occupational adaptation is affected by years of graduation, and income satisfaction level; occupational psychological adaptation is affected by years of graduation, unit property, and income satisfaction level; interpersonal and professional environment adaptation is affected by income satisfaction level. Therefore, higher vocational colleges need to deepen the work of vocational guidance, improve the training mode of talents in higher vocational colleges, strengthen the mental health education of students in colleges, and guide students to establish correct values.


As a flexible method to fabricate sub-micrometer patterns, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) instrument and Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) resist are introduced in this work. FIB instrument is known to be a very precise processing machine that is able to fabricate micro-scale structures or patterns, and SAM is known as a good etch resistance resist material. If SAM is applied as a resist in FIB processing for fabricating nano-scale patterns, there will be much benefit. For instance, low energy ion beam is only needed for machining SAM material selectively, since ultra thin SAM is very sensitive to Ga? ion beam irradiation. Also, minimized beam spot radius (sub-tens nanometer) can be applied to FIB processing. With the ultimate goal of optimizing nano-scale pattern fabrication process, interaction between SAM coated specimen and Ga? ion dose during FIB processing was observed. From the experimental results, adequate ion dose for machining SAM material was identified.


New Orleans and the future of urban America" can be seen as a story about privilege and "doing good" (Chapter 10), this too is one of many possible stories about post-Katrina New Orleans. As an account that affirms rather than analyzes the workings of privilege, the subject of The Inevitable City—the visible and invisible elites and the creative class "social innovators"—also may be its primary audience.


Design space exploration (DSE) has become a notoriously difficult problem due to the exponentially increasing size of design space of microprocessors and time-consuming simulations. To address this issue, machine learning techniques have been widely employed to build predictive models. However, most previous approaches randomly sample the training set leading to considerable simulation cost and low prediction accuracy. In this paper, we propose an efficient and precise DSE methodology by combining statistical sampling and Adaboost learning technique. The proposed method includes three phases. (1) Firstly, orthogonal design based feature selection is employed to prune design space. (2) Sencondly, an orthogonal array based training data sampling method is introduced to select the representative configurations for simulation. (3) Finally, a new active learning approach ActBoost is proposed to build predictive model. Evaluations demonstrate that the proposed framework is more efficient and precise than state-of-art DSE techniques.