Environmental exposures during sensitive windows of development can reprogram normal physiologic responses and alter disease susceptibility later in life in a process known as developmental reprogramming. For example, exposure to the xenoestrogen diethylstilbestrol during reproductive tract development can reprogram estrogenresponsive gene expression in themyometrium, resulting in hyperresponsiveness to hormone in the adult uterus and promotion of hormone-dependent uterine leiomyoma.We show here that the environmental estrogens genistein, a soy phytoestrogen, and the plasticizer bisphenol A, differ in their pattern of developmental reprogramming and promotion of tumorigenesis (leiomyomas) in the uterus. Whereas both genistein and bisphenol A induce genomic estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in the developing uterus, only genistein induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKTnongenomic ER signaling to the histonemethyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). As a result, this pregenomic signaling phosphorylates and represses EZH2 and reduces levels of H3K27me3 repressive mark in chromatin. Furthermore, only genistein caused estrogen-responsive genes in the adult myometrium to become hyperresponsive to hormone; estrogen-responsive genes were repressed in bisphenol A–exposed uteri. Importantly, this pattern of EZH2 engagement to decrease versus increase H3K27methylation correlated with the effect of these xenoestrogens on tumorigenesis. Developmental reprogramming by genistein promoted development of uterine leiomyomas, increasing tumor incidence andmultiplicity, whereas bisphenol A did not. These data show that environmental estrogens have distinct nongenomic effects in the developing uterus that determines their ability to engage the epigenetic regulator EZH2, decrease levels of the repressive epigenetic histone H3K27methyl mark in chromatin during developmental reprogramming, and promote uterine tumorigenesis.Mol Cancer Res; 10(4); 546–57. 2012 AACR.


【Hand-Foot-Mouth disease, which has a various enanthem-exanthem complex at the tongue, buccal mucosa, hands and feets and buttock area with febrile illness, is usually caused by Coxscakie virus type A(16). Generally, this disease shows self limited course and good prognosis without neurologic manifestations. However, enterovirus 71, which was newly discovered and reported in 1974, can cause the striking features of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease outbreaks and has neuropathogenic potentials of polio-like paralytic illness including aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis and respiratory disease. We experienced a case of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease with polyradiculitis manifestations, and a case of Hand-Foot-Mouth disease with meningoencephalitis. Therfore, we report these cases with brief review of related literatures.】


BACKGROUND Magnetization switching by current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) has been attracting great attention for its potential applications in ultra low power memory and logic devices. The use of SOTs in nonmagnetic metal/ferromagnet/insulator structures allows for a significantly lower write current compared to regular spin-transfer-torque (STT) devices. It can also greatly improve the energy efficiency and scalability for new SOT-based devices such as magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM). However, practical use of SOT effects is limited by its requirement of an in-plane external magnetic field, in order to switch ferromagnets with a perpendicular (out-of-plane) magnetization.


Summary

Presented are length–weight relationships for 13 fish species captured by the coastal artisanal fishery at Yoff, a suburb close to Dakar (Senegal). Data were collected from April 2010 until March 2011. This work is thought to be the first reference of length–weight relationships for eight of the species. The b values estimated ranged from 2.51 to 3.47.


The Zeeman shift plays an important role in the evaluation of optical lattice clocks since a strong bias magnetic field is applied for departing Zeeman sublevels and defining a quantization axis. We demonstrated the frequency correction and uncertainty evaluation due to Zeeman shift in the 87Sr optical lattice clock at the National Time Service Center. The first-order Zeeman shift was almost completely removed by stabilizing the clock laser to the average frequency of the two Zeeman components of mF = ±9/2. The residual first-order Zeeman shift arose from the magnetic field drift between measurements of the two stretched-state center frequencies; the upper bound was inferred as 4(5) × 10−18. The quadratic Zeeman shift coefficient was experimentally determined as –23.0(4) MHz/T2 and the final Zeeman shift was evaluated as 9.20(7) × 10−17. The evaluation of the Zeeman shift is a foundation for overall evaluation of the uncertainty of an optical lattice clock. This measurement can provide more references for the determination of the quadratic coefficient of 87Sr.


Introduction: Since low adjustment is one of the main problems of prisoners and is con-sidered to be one of the reasons for their tendency toward dangerous behaviors, this study aimed to investigate the effect of desensitization by eye movements and reprocessing on the enhancement of social, emotional and health adjustment in prisoners. Material & Method: This study was designed based on experimental method and by pretest and posttest model with control group. A sample of 40 individuals was selected (based on the type of their crimes) from prisoners in Ardebil's central jail with jail sentences as long as 4 months using a stratified random sam-pling method. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Bel adjustment questionnaire were used to collect data which was completed by experimental and control groups in both pretest and posttest steps. Treatment of desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing was c-onducted during four sessions on experimental group and during which control group was not involved. Data was analyzed using covariance analysis test. Findings: The results from this investigation indicated that the average scores for social, emotional and health adjustments in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.001). Discussion & Conclusion: Treatment of desensitization by eye movements and reprocessing were effective on enhancing the adjustment of male prisoners. Therefore jails' psychologists can play a substantial role in the enhancement of adjustment in prisoners by teaching this short term treatment method and implementing it on sentenced people upon their entrance to jail.


Objective:The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological counseling contents and seeking help of 4057 hotline calls from 1955 to 2005(the data of 1999 and 2000 unavailable) of Shenzhen Volunteer Association(SVA).Methods:The hotline calls were analyzed by statistical analysis and test in accordance with different periods.Results:From the 9 years' counseling records,the problems in family and love situation were the highest proportion problems of the hotline counseling cases(42.56 %,n=1699).The problems in living developing future was the second high proportion problem(33.41%,n=1334),and showed a fast growing trend,especially in the last 5 years(P0.01).And mental disorders increased to the third place(5.45%,n=53) which substitutes the legal problems(4.77%,n=144) in the last 5 years.The counseling contents were always different with the callers' age,sex,and education.Conclusion:This paper reveals that the main characters of social and psychological factors of different groups,who asked help from SVA Hotline in the end of 20 century to the beginning of 21 century.It would offer useful references for the relative researches in the regions,where the society is undergoing or will face great changes.


Metrics relating to different information security areas use a diverse set of units of measure, and the numbers often need an interpretation unique to a given measure. For a senior executive who may not be well versed in the technical details of what each metric represents, the interpretation of how good or bad a number is can be a challenge. This article proposes an approach to assess and interpret security and risk metrics using standardized scores.


In this paper, a new soft-switched non-isolated bidirectional converter is proposed. This proposed converter is operated with soft-switching (zero current switching / zero voltage switching). It is implemented during the turn-on of main switching devices, with the addition of auxiliary resonant circuit that consists of an auxiliary switch, diode, capacitor and an inductor. The switching losses are significantly reduced due to soft-switching operation of the main switches. Therefore, the efficiency of this topology is improved. The additional benefit of this topology is that the auxiliary switches are also operated with soft-switching. The proposed topology observes ZCS turn-on for boost mode and ZVS turn-on for buck mode operations. The principles of operation, design analysis and simulation verifications are discussed in detail. The soft-switching capabilities are obtained from design simulations on the 150V/250V/500W converter system.


In Australia, there is a crisis in science education with students becoming disengaged with canonical science in the middle years of schooling. One recent initiative that aims to improve student interest and motivation without diminishing conceptual understanding is the context-based approach. Contextual units that connect the canonical science with the students' real world of their local community have been used in the senior years but are new in the middle years. This ethnographic study explored the learning transactions that occurred in one 9th grade science class studying a context-based Environmental Science unit for 11 weeks. Outcomes of the study and implications are discussed in this paper.


It has been observed that the amount of water associated with casein micelles is markedly higher when measured by intrinsic viscosity than by water content of the pelleted casein. A possible explanation of this discrepancy is that water is squeezed out of the pellet by the ultracentrifugal field. We have calculated the potential magnitude of this effect by considering a simple model system: an elastic gel swollen by solvent and compressed by the centrifugal field. Equilibrium is reached when the sum of the ultracentrifugal, elastic, and mixing free energies is a minimum. The equilibrium degree of swelling is calculated as a function of rotor speed, thickness of the unsolvated gel material, and enthalpy of mixing of solvent and solute. Sizable compressions can occur for highly swollen gels, if the enthalpy of mixing is moderately positive. Casein micelles from intrinsic viscosity measurements have a "hydration" of about 3.7 g water/g protein, corresponding to a swelling ratio of 6.3 relative to the dry protein. The observed pellet hydration is 1.9 g/g. Under the conditions of the experiment, pelleting at 25,000 rpm is predicted to decrease the swelling ratio to 4.9, and the hydration to 2.7 g/g, about half the observed decrease, if the enthalpy of mixing is 0.5 RT/mol segment. These calculations may be relevent to the deterination by pelleting of the solvent content of other biopolymer gels.


First observations of parametric oscillations at half the exciting frequency are given for an r-f plasma discharge. The equation of motion for electrons is given considering a system with zero d-c magnetic field and ignoring collisions. (R.E.U.)


In today's global environment, management is constantly looking for initiatives in creating and sustaining a stakeholder involvement within the organizations to motivate them in strategy implementation. However, stakeholders have continued to complain about how management of different organizations has compromised strategy implementation. The aim of this study therefore, was to ascertain the effects of stakeholder involvement on strategy implementation in Narok County Government in Kenya. The specific objectives were: to determine the effect of stakeholder procedure compliance the effect of stakeholder communication stakeholders' involvement and stakeholder support on strategy implementation at Narok County Government. The research employed descriptive research design. The target population comprised 58 top level managers, 46 middle level managers; 30 lower-level managers and 300 community project representatives. The study adopted proportionate stratified random sampling technique to select a sample of 87 respondents from the target population. The research utilized primary data collection methods via the utilization of questionnaires including both open-ended and closed-ended questions. The instruments' validity was established via the assessment of face and content validity, while reliability was evaluated utilizing Cronbach's Alpha. A value of 0.7 or above was deemed adequate for reliability. The analysis of the data included the use of both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, facilitated by the SPSS. The data that was evaluated was provided in tables and figures. The researchers used a multiple regression model in order to investigate the correlation between stakeholder participation and the execution of strategic initiatives. The study's findings indicated a statistically significant positive correlation between the independent factors and the dependent variables under investigation. Hence, it is recommended that the county government actively solicit perspectives and opinions from various stakeholders throughout the process of plan implementation, while also facilitating their active involvement in such implementation. This research provides valuable insights for directors, managers, policy makers, and academics seeking to comprehend the impact of stakeholder participation on the accomplishment of strategic initiatives.


International forestry research collaboration and networking play a very critical role in the development of an organization, more so for a relatively young research institution like FRIM, the Forest Research Institute Malaysia, which was established under the Malaysian Forest Research and Development Board Act in 1985. Over the years, FRIM has had the opportunities to collaborate with many national agencies such as JICA, JIRCAS and NIES of Japan, GTZ of Germany, IDRC and CIDA of Canada, and more recently AKECOP of Korea, as well as a number of international agencies such as ITTO, FAO, World Bank, and Asian Development Bank. Impacts of these international collaborations varies from basic research capacity and capability enhancements in the form of building up of research facilities and infrastructures, as well as human resource developments; to support in shaping research strategies and policies and to uplift the overall profile of the institute. During the early days of forestry research in Malaysia, international collaborations were mostly in the form of technology transfer and capacity building. The typical mode of this type of collaborations would involve the provision of acquiring technologies in the form of equipment and technical training, and dispatching of experts to develop and conduct research using such technologies. These also include a number of programs that offered human resource development opportunities in the form of providing scholarships for researchers to pursue higher degrees in many of the well-known universities and colleges in more developed countries. While the transfer of technologies in the form of equipment and technical trainings to use these technologies still continue till recent years, international collaborations had gradually evolved into those with increased direct participation of FRI/FRIM researchers' in all aspects, starting from their early idea conceptualization through planning and implementation to final completion. This evolution from the state of being more of a 'receiver', to the later state of increasingly being a 'partner', is recognition of the maturing of FRIM's research capacity and capability that had been slowly and steadily built up during the years.


A process for increasing the relative viscosity (RV) of a reactive polyamide comprising the steps of: mutually contacting a polyamide and reactive one chain extender compound selected from the group consisting of bis-N -acyl-bislactam and mixtures thereof, both in a liquid phase, the reactant polyamide having an RV of starting, a concentration of amine end groups (AEG (R)) and a concentration of carboxyl end groups (CEG (R)) with the AEG (R) greater than the CEG (R), the chain extender compound concentration of lactam end groups (LEG) of at least about 10 equivalents per million grams of the reactant polyamide less than the AEG (R ), for about a period of 0.5 to 10 minutes, increasing the RV of the reactant polyamide; forming a product, other than flake, being selected from the group consisting of a spun article, blow molded articles, extruded articles and injection molded shaped articles product; and subjecting the product to rapid cooling to room temperature in an unbalanced state such that the product has a final RV greater than the starting RV and a concentration of amine end groups (AEG (P)) as defined by the formula: AEG (P) = {AEG (R) - LEG} n X (formula 1) wherein: AEG (P) is the concentration of amine end groups in the product and quenched in equivalents / 1,000,000 g of product; AEG (R) is the concentration of amine end groups in the reactant polyamide equivalents / 1,000,000 gms of polyamide reactive; LEG is the concentration of lactam end groups in the chain extender compound in equivalents / 1,000,000 gms of polyamide reactive; {AEG (R) - LEG} is the theoretical concentration of amine end groups or calculated which result from a stoichiometric reaction between chain extender compound and the polyamide; and X is a deviation factor which is within the limits of plus or amine / million grams of polyamide of the concentration of theoretical amine end groups or calculated that would result from a stoichiometric reaction between the extender compound terminals least 5 groups chain and polyamide; wherein formula 1 requires that the product be quenched when amine end group concentration actual or measured in the polyamide product, or the AEG (P), is within a deviation factor X from a reaction stoichiometric between chain extender compound and the polyamide.


Arithmetic and logical unit are responsible for all computationally intensive task which determines the speed and reliability of a processor. In other word we can say ALU is the brain of a processor. Nowadays every portable devices are battery operated so primary concern of those devices are low power consumption. But at the same time we want higher performance also so that there should not be any lag while using those devices. Graphically intensive application demands more resources and at the same time demand more power. Optimization between speed of operation and power consumption is the key challenge in design paradigm. The performance increase can be achieved by increasing clock frequency, but it leads to some other issues such as overheating, leakage etc. Instead, We approach to exploiting parallelism at the architecture level, which significantly increase throughput without compromising on power. Instead, using single, powerful CPU, we can add a cluster of less powerful CPU on a single chip, which combinatorically gives better performance. In proposing work we present architecture of 32 bit ALU for graphics processors. We have designed and implemented multicore processor based on 8bit ALU unit, which is specifically designed for low power consumption. The synthesized architecture is implemented in Verilog HDL. Analysis is performing on FPGA Artix-7 (Field Programmable Gate Array) level.


This paper presents an identification procedure of dynamic behaviour law parameters based on Taylor impact test. Experiments are done using a compressed gas gun facility allowing to obtain high strain rates for metallic materials under impact. The evaluation of the experimental results is based on the measure of the final deformed shape by a macro-photographic device. An identification program based on a combined Monte-Carlo and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms performs a minimisation between experimental final geometry and the numerical one provided by the corresponding FE model. This algorithms combination, implemented using the C++ language in the home made identification program called Identif, gives the numerical values for the constitutive parameters of the identified laws. An application for an aluminium alloy shows the efficiency and robustness of the proposed procedure.


In the process of English language learning,students' non-intelligence factors will directly affect their English language acquisition to a great extent.This paper investigates the students through questionnaire in aspects such as motive,interest,character,emotion and will,makes an analysis of the results and puts forward suggestions on improving students' non-intelligence factors and promoting their English language learning.


Received 20 February 2012; received in revised form 29 May 2012; accepted 31 May 2012ABSTRACT The piping route of hydraulic hose is designed with avoiding interferences to surrounding com-ponents. However, in a real practice, the piping route is mostly decided with an expert's experi-ences on site due to the complexity of design. Thus, this paper proposes a design methodologyof the optimized route of a hose. We use NURBS representation to describe the piping route,which is possible to be locally modified, and an energy minimization method is applied toavoid interferences to the surroundings. In other words, the NURBS curve describing a pipingroute is modified to meet the desired positions from minimizing the perturbation of the controlpoints, and the strain energy of the curve is then optimized to make the curve natural. The pro-posed method is implemented and its feasibility is validated using the commercial CAD soft-ware, CATIA V5. Key words:Energy minimization, Hydraulic hose, Interference, NURBS curve, Optimization,Routing path design


Study design, materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of consecutive patients who underwent intradetrusor BTX-A injection for refractory overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Patients with neurogenic and non-neurogenic OAB symptoms were included in the analysis. The bladder was instilled with 40ml 2% lidocaine using a 14Fr foley catheter in all patients 10 minutes prior to the injection. The bladder was not drained before commencing the injection procedure. All patients underwent BTX-A injection with a 14 Fr flexible cystoscope using a 4mm 27G needle with 1050mm working length. Urinalysis and culture was performed on all patients prior to the injection. When positive cultures were documented, patients were treated and sterile urine cultures were recorded prior to injection. All patients received prophylactic antibiotics for 3 days post injection. The following parameters were studied: gross hematuria, urinary tract infection, autonomic dysreflexia, pain during and 15 mins after the procedure. Pain scores were measured using a 10cm visual analogue scale. All patients had vital signs monitored before and 30 minutes after the procedure.


Let X be an F-space (complete metric linear space) and suppose g:[0, 1] → X is a continuous map. Suppose that g has zero derivative on [0, 1], i.e. for 0≤t≤1 (we take the left and right derivatives at the end points). Then, if X is locally convex or even if it merely possesses a separating family of continuous linear functionals, we can conclude that g is constant by using the Mean Value Theorem. If however X* = {0} then it may happen that g is not constant; for example, let X = Lp(0, 1) (0≤p≤1) and g(t) = l[0,t] (0≤t≤1) (the characteristic function of [0, t]). This example is due to Rolewicz [6], [7; p. 116].


Objective To investigate the effect of atypical antipsychotics quetiapine on electroencephalography (EEG) in treatment of schizophrenia. Methods Ninety eight patients (male 65,female33) diagnosed as schizophrenia (77 cases) and schizophrenia-like state (21 cases) received monotherapy with quetiapine. Digital EEG were performed before and 8w after treatment; the BPRS was used to assess the efficacy of treatment. Results The abnormality rate of EEG was 27% after quetiapine treatment,but all in mild types. The abnormal EEG wave presented in 5~7 C/S θ movement and no seizure was found in treated patients. Conclusion EEG abnormalities seem to occur rarely in patients treated with quetiapine.


In this study, the potential application of compressive sensing (CS) principle in the image fusion for infrared (IR) and visible images is studied. First, the theory of CS is introduced briefly. Some comparative analyses of different reconstruction techniques are carried out in view of their performance in multisensor image recovery and the minimum number of sampling measurements one has to take to achieve perfectly reconstruction of images is investigated afterwards. Then, a novel self-adaptive weighted average fusion scheme based on standard deviation of measurements to merge IR and visible images is developed in the special domain of CS using the better recovery tool of total variation optimisation. Both the subjective visual effect and objective evaluation indicate that the presented method enhances the definition of fused results greatly, and it achieves a high level of fusion quality in human perception of global information. On the other hand, no structure priori information about the original images is required and only some concise fusion computation of compressive measurements is needed in the authors' proposed algorithm, thus it has superiority in saving computation resources and enhancing the fusion efficiency.


The Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is a key hydrogeologic feature in southern Ontario. Previous research has emphasized the importance of depression‐focused recharge (DFR) for the timing and location of water recharge to the ORM's aquifers. However, the significance of DFR has not been empirically demonstrated, and the ORM's permeable surficial deposits imply that rainfall and snowmelt will largely recharge vertically rather than move laterally to topographic depressions. The exception may be during winter and spring, when concrete soil frost limits infiltration and encourages overland flow. The potential for DFR was examined for closed depressions under forest and agricultural land covers with similar soils and surficial geology. Air temperatures, precipitation, snow depth and water equivalent, soil water contents, soil freezing, and depression surface‐water levels were monitored during the winter and spring of 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. Recharge (R) was estimated at the crest and base of each depression using a 1‐dimensional water balance approach and surface‐applied Br− tracing. Both forest and agricultural land covers experienced soil freezing; however, forest soils did not develop concrete frost. Conversely, agricultural fields saw concrete frost, overland flow, episodic ponding, and subsequent drainage of rain‐on‐snow and snowmelt inputs in open depressions. Recharge at the base of open depressions exceeded that in surrounding areas by an order of magnitude, suggesting that DFR is a significant hydrologic process during winter and spring under agricultural land cover on the ORM. Closed topographic depressions under agricultural land cover on the ORM crest may serve as critical recharge "hot spots" during winter and spring, and the ability of the unsaturated zone beneath these depressions to modify the chemistry of recharging water deserves further attention.


The importance of structural variants as a source of phenotypic variation has grown in recent years. At the same time, the number of tools that detect structural variations using NextGeneration Sequencing (NGS) has increased considerably with the dramatic drop in the cost of sequencing in last ten years. Then evaluating properly the detected structural variants has been featured prominently due to the uncertainty of such alterations, bringing important implications for researchers and clinicians on scrutinizing thoroughly the human genome. These trends have raised interest about careful procedures for assessing the outcomes from variant calling tools. Here, we characterize the relevant technical details of the detection of structural variants, which can affect the accuracy of detection methods and also we discuss the most important caveats related to the tool evaluation process. This study emphasizes common assumptions, a variety of possible limitations, and valuable insights extracted from the state-of-the-art in CNV (Copy Number Variation) detection tools. Among such points, a frequently mentioned and extremely important is the lack of a gold standard of structural variants, and its impact on the evaluation of existing detection tools. Next, this document describes a biclustering-based methodology to screen a collection of structural variants and provide a set of reliable events, based on a defined equivalence criterion, that is supported by different studies. Finally, we carry out experiments with the proposed methodology using as input data the Database of Genomic Variants (DGV). We found relevant groups of equivalent variants across different studies. In summary, this thesis shows that there is an alternative approach to solving the open problem of the lack of gold standard for evaluating structural variants.


When a private equity firm raises a larger fund, performance tends to decline. This pattern is usually interpreted as evidence of decreasing returns. I propose a more innocuous explanation: high-growth private equity firms were on average lucky in the past and therefore are expected to experience reversion to the mean. Controlling for this expectation, the effect of fund growth on performance is 80% to 90% smaller and statistically insignificant. The silver lining is that, historically, fund managers have been able to keep decreasing returns at bay. Additional analysis highlights important differences between buyout funds and venture capital funds.


The Japanese attack against the naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 led directly to the American entry into World War II. Explore library materials, websites, and resources for mobile devices regarding this major historical period. Learn the history through books, research databases, digital material, and film.


Electrorheological particles (ERP) as the semiconductor particulate were distributed into polypropylene (PP) resin and formed into composite films by vacuum-press. The ERP had the cluster structures in PP matrix resembling those formed in electrorheological fluids (ERF) in an electric field. When an electric field was applied to the films, electric flux lines dragged into the clusters leading to a suction force between the electrode and the clusters. The effect was named "Electro-Friction" (EF) effect. The friction force increased with increasing the amount of filling ERP. When the ERP content was 50 wt%, the particles were considered to reach the percolation threshold, providing the continuous particle cluster in ER fluids. It was found that some addition of nano-needles of tin oxide (TO) to the film increased the electroconductivity with enhancing EF effect. A very strong friction force as much as 19.3 N was observed at the applied voltage of 1400 V for the film composed of PP 47% / ERP 47% / TO 6%.


Objective To improve diagnose and therapy of post-traumatic acute renal failure induced by rhabdomyolysis. Methods A total of 20 patients with post-traumatic acute renal failure induced by rhabdomyolysis were analyzed retrospectively in aspects of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and treatment. Of all, there were 9 patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), while the other 11 were set as control, receiving no CRRT. Results After treatment with CRRT, 7 patients obtained clinical curing, with 2 deaths. As for control patients, there were 5 patients with secondary chronic renal insufficiency, 1 with clinical curing and 5 deaths. Conclusions Early diagnosis, CRRT, sufficient hydration, hematedialysis and supportive treatment are key points to improve the cure rate. It is important to apply CRRT for patients with renal inadequacy.

Key words:
Wounds and injuries;  Rhabdomyolysis;  Renal failure, acute;  Continuous renal replacement therapy


"surge and decline" theory as presented in Campbell's article. The second section consists of a reanalysis of survey data over the last thirty years to see whether there is any support for some basic propositions found in the theory. Finding support for only part of Campbell's theory, the paper will explore in the final section the utility of two other theories in filling the gaps left unexplained in Campbell's original formulation of the surge and decline theory. THE SURGE AND DECLINE THEORY SET FORTH


This study aimed to document and to interact with 3D geoscience in Keelung, Taiwan, by reconstructing the urban fabric using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), smartphone light detection and ranging (LiDAR), geographic information system (GIS), augmented reality (AR), and rapid prototyping (RP). We found that the highly fluctuated skyline concluded the intensity of development in history. The applications of modeling tools and cloud database enabled the interaction with physical and virtual context using smartphone in iOS® and Android® systems. The final result was able to present detailed 3D visual details of an old lane by cultural and property identity. This novel simulation presented an integrated process of heterogeneous 3D data from a small to a large scale in a sustainable regeneration of cultural identity.


Age composition and growth characters were studied to silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp(Aristichthys mobilis) specimens collected from September to November 2007 in Jinshahe reservoir.The results showed that the age composition of silver carp and bighead carp in the reservoir was dominated by 3-and 4-years old fishes in catches.The interrelation formulas between the body length(L) and weight(W) of silver carp and bighead carp were WH=1.0×10-4L2.513 5 and WA=2.7×10-5L2.870 5,respectively.Their growth could be described by the von Bertalanffy equation.The equation of silver carp were LH=112.124 4[1-e-0.154 4(t+0.137 1)]and WH=14 189.16[1-e-0.154 4(t+0.137 1)]2.513 5.The equation of bighead carp were LA=68.538 2[1-e-0.396(t-0.323 9)] and WA=5 101.875[1-e-0.396(t-0.323 9)]2.870 5.The growth inflection point of silver carp and bighead carp were 5.83 and 3.0.Compared with different reservoirs,the growth of silver carp is faster than bighead carp in Jinshahe reservoir.At last,the paper put forward the suggestion about stocking and fishing of silver carp and bighead carp to Jinshahe reservoir.


Post-orogenic mafic dikes are widespread across eastern Shandong Province, North China Craton, eastern China. We here report new U–Pb zircon ages and bulk-rock geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data for representative samples of these rocks. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon analysis of two mafic dike samples yields consistent ages of 118.7 ± 0.25 million years and 122.4 ± 0.21 million years. These Mesozoic mafic dikes are characterized by high (87Sr/86Sr) i ranging from 0.7082 to 0.7087, low ϵNd(t) values from −17.0 to −17.5, 206Pb/204Pb from 17.14 to 17.18, 207Pb/204Pb from 15.44 to 15.55, and 208Pb/204Pb from 37.47 to 38.20. Our results suggest that the parental magmas of these dikes were derived from an ancient, enriched lithospheric mantle source that was metasomatized by foundered lower crustal eclogitic materials prior to magma generation. The mafic dikes underwent minor fractionation during ascent and negligible crustal contamination. Combined with previous studies, these findings provide additional evidence that intense lithospheric thinning beneath eastern Shandong occurred at ∼120 Ma, and that this condition was caused by the removal/foundering of the lithospheric mantle and lower crust.


Abstract. Corn-based ethanol, the most common first generation biofuel in the US, plays an important role as a fossil fuels alternative. Second generation biofuels, which are mostly based on lignocellulosic biomass, have gained great attention in recent years. Size reduction of the lignocellulosic biomass is a key step to the efficiency of downstream processes (i.e., pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation), which will affect the yield of ethanol significantly. However, size reduction consumes considerable energy itself, it is an expensive process and needs to be optimized. Some studies have been done on corn stover size reduction, but none of them have examined the initial particle size of feedstock as a variable, and they failed to take the biomass harvest and storage conditions and downstream process requirements into consideration when setting the variables. The objective of this research was to study the effect of initial particle size of corn stover, moisture content, and screen size on energy consumption of corn stover size reduction. Consequently, these results should be generally applicable over a range of conditions that are affected by corn stover harvest and storage conditions and downstream processing.


The E stage effluent from bleaching process was treated by flocculation-Fenton oxidation,its best conditions was determined through orthogonal experiments.The results show that the optimum treating conditions of Al2(SO4)3-Fenton oxidation system are as follows:Al2(SO4)3 dosage 0.6g/L,oxidation pH 5,H2O2 dosage 1.0g/L,FeSO4 dosage 0.8g/L,with the CODCr removal rate reaching 90.64%.The optimum treating conditions of CPAM-Fenton oxidation system are as follows:CPAM dosage 0.8mg/L,oxidation pH 6,H2O2 dosage 1.5g/L,FeSO4 dosage 1.2g/L,with CODCr removal rate reaching 82.43%.


Media fusion - when technologies collide the next media revolution - hypermedia on the S curve media matrix - components of hypermedia design and production - programming and structure hypermedia applications - making use of the media hypermedia hardware - delivery platforms millennial media.


The Carboniferous oil in the Tazhong-4 Oilfield situated in the tectonic high of the Tazhong uplift,is quite different from the surrounding oil.High resolution mass spectrum and GC-MS is utilized to reveal the genetic mechanism of the oil.It is observed that the Tazhong-4oil are abundant in both n-alkanes(suggesting no or little biodegradation)and biodegraded tricyclic terpanes as well as 25-norhopanes(indicating strong biodegradation)based on GC-MS analysis,which suggests multiple phases of petroleum charging in the area.No abnormal sulfur compounds are detected from the Tazhong-4 oils by FT-ICR MS,namely little sulfur compounds with low values of double-bond equivalent(DBE)detected,and no abnormality is observed for the gases associated with the Tazhong oil from views of both the composition as well as distribution and the stable carbon isotope,which suggests no or little TSR alteration of the Tazhong-4 Carboniferous oil.It is also found that the composition and relative distribution of the sulfur compounds in the Tazhong-4 oilfield is similar to that of the majority of the Lower Ordovician oil,suggesting agenetic affinity between them.It has been testified by experiments that oil-mixing of deep oil such as the Low Ordovician oil with the shallow oil could result in a kind of high dibenzothiophen(DBT)oil like the Tazhong-4 oil.After a comprehensive geochemical and geological investigation,we believe that it was deep oil-mixing that caused the unusually high DBT oil in the Tazhong-4 oilfield rather than TSR.


To realize an efficient infrastructure monitoring system, we have proposed combination of zero standby power-type sensor node (ZSSN) and UAV. The many ZSSNs with a battery are attached to a target infrastructure. They never consume any power from the battery when standby mode. So, the ZSSNs can reduce the burden replacing and charging many batteries. The UAV like a drone is gathering the sensed data from ZSSNs while traveling along the infrastructure waking the ZSSNs up. Since the ZSSNs wake up from the state power supply is completely cut, the waking time may be longer. As a result, the traveling time of UAV also becomes longer. This may lead to shorten the battery life of UAV and to enlarge the maintenance cost after all. This paper investigates the gathering time from multiple ZSSNs simultaneously awaken and discusses how much reduce the traveling cost of UAV by eliminating the necessity to visit all ZSSNs.


A wet/dry type vacuum cleaner has a suction generator, a cleaner body including the suction generator at one side of a lower portion, an intake port being connected with a nozzle that is movable along a surface to be cleaned, and a discharge port through which a clean air is discharged, a contaminant separator removably mounted in the cleaner body to separate contaminant-laden wet air drawn through the intake port into the contaminant and water components and air, and then to store the separated contaminant and water therein, a cover, being open and closed, disposed on an upper portion of the cleaner body to seal an upper opening of the cleaner body, and a discharge path opening a fluid communication between the contaminant separator and the discharge port, for the air separated at the contaminant separating means to be discharged out through the discharge port of the cleaner body. Since the suction generator is provided at the lower portion of the cleaner body instead of the upper portion, the cover can be constructed in a simple manner and a user can remove the contaminant receptacle by simply opening the cover and emptying the contaminant receptacle.


This work is dedicated to content components of coffee, mainly chlorogeinc acid and its derivatives. Natural occurrence of group of chlorogenic acids is in plants. Chemicaly, they are formed by the esterification of -(-)quinic acid with cinnamic acids. They have been determined in samples of coffee roasted up to 120 °C in this study. Chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids, two isomers have been extracted by ultrasonic probe. These isomers are the largest contributions of total contents of all chlorogenic acids. Chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids have been determined by HPLC/DAD. With increasing temperature of roasting coffee beans the amount of chlorogenic acid and their total content decreased, conversely an increase of amount of neochlorogenic acid have been observed. The total loss against the original amount in the green been was mild.


Two years ago saw the thirtieth anniversary of the discovery of IgE [1,2] and its identification as the reaginic antibody first described by Prausnitz and Kustner [3]. It has since become increasingly apparent, through epidemiological and immunological studies, that IgE plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atopic disease. The finding therefore that inhaled beclamethasone dipropionate (BDP) reduces serum IgE levels in atopic asthma is interesting, and its relevance deserves critical examination. A number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated a link between circulating levels of IgE and atopic disease. Burrowset al. [4] measured circulating levels of IgE in a population of 2657 randomly selected subjects. The prevalence of self-reported asthma, as determined by questionnaire answers, showed a highly significant association with serum IgE levels with asthma prevalence rates increasing linearly with log IgE values. In a later study Sears et al. [5] showed an association between bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and serum IgE levels in a population of 1037 children. This association remained significant even when children with diagnosed asthma were excluded, and was also significant in the smaller subgroup of totally asymptomatic children. In this study only one child with a serum IgE level of less than 32 IU/mL had a PC 20 of less than 8mg/mL whereas 28% of children with IgE levels greater than 1000 IU/mL had a PC 20 of less than 8mg/mL. IgE plays a central role in the immediate hypersensitivitytype responses to allergen, such as the early phase of airway obstruction that follows experimental allergen challenge. Allergen-specific IgE binds to thea chain of the high affinity receptor (Fc «R1) which is expressed by mast cells and basophils, as well as other cell types [6]. In asthma, cross-linking of cell-bound IgE by inhaled multivalent allergens leads to aggregation of receptors and release of preformed and newly generated vasoactive and bronchoconstrictive mediators such as histamine, neutral proteases, prostaglandins and cysteinyl leucotrienes. It is now recognized that IgE-mediated mast cell activity may also play an important role in the late phase reaction. Immunoreactivity for the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6 and TNFa, has been demonstrated in mast cells from nasal [7] and bronchial biopsies [8] from both normal and asthmatic/ rhinitic subjects, and the presence of IL-3 and GM-CSF has also been reported [9]. Purified mast cells from the normal human lung have been shown to release IL-4 in response to IgE-dependent cross-linking of Fc «R1, and TNF-a has been shown to be released in acute rhinitis [10]. Less is known about the effect of IgE cross-linking on the other mast cell cytokines, although it is possible that they too are released following mast cell stimulation. All these cytokines have pro-inflammatory actions, causing an influx into the airways of eosinophils, mast cells, and activated T cells, and leading to their increased maturation, survival and activation. Such an action would attribute an important role to IgE-mediated activation of the mast cell in the inflammatory process underlying the late phase response, and hence the bronchial hyperreactivity that characterizes asthma. There is now evidence that IgE may also act independently of the mast cell and basophil to increase T-cell responsiveness. Antigen–IgE complexes bound to the low affinity Fc«R2 receptor, and possibly the Fc «R1 receptor recently identified on antigen-presenting cells [11,12], have been shown to amplify the T-cell response to allergen by facilitating antigen presentation to antigen-specific T cells [13]. In an elegant series of experiments, Coyle et al. [14] showed that treatment of mice with a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody prior to allergen challenge inhibited both recruitment of eosinophils into the lung and production of the TH2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. This was independent of the effect of monoclonal antibodies on circulating IgE and was not mast cell dependent, since the effect was also seen in mast cell-deficient mice. Administration of a monoclonal antibody directed against the low affinity receptor for IgE had a similar inhibitory effect on eosinophil infiltration, an effect that was not potentiated by further administration of the monoclonal anti-IgE. This would suggest that IgE, acting through the low affinity receptor, plays an important role in the induction of a TH2-type cytokine response and forms part of a positive feedback loop, leading to further IgE production as well as eosinophil recruitment. It would seem, therefore, that IgE contributes to the early and late airway response both through its action on the mast cell-bound high affinity IgE receptor and by augmenting allergen presentation to T cells via the low affinity IgE receptor. The finding that inhaled steroids can act to reduce


A number of studies have documented tolerance in aquatic communities exposed to contaminants, but few have examined costs of tolerance and potential community-level consequences. We assessed the effects of metals and acidic pH, a novel stressor, on communities from streams with different histories of metal pollution. Acidic pH was a novel stressor to communities in streams that are consistently circumneutral. Intact benthic invertebrate assemblages collected from metal-polluted sites on the Arkansas River (AR1, low levels of pollution, and AR5, greater levels of pollution) and a reference site on the Cache la Poudre River (PR), Colorado, were exposed to either metals (Zn, Cu, Cd) or pH 4.5 in stream microcosms. Multivariate analyses on a subset of taxa showed different patterns of response to metals and acidic pH among the 3 sites, which corresponded to exposure histories of the communities: PR assemblages were more sensitive to metals, whereas AR assemblages were more sensitive to acidic pH. These patterns were supported by analyses on specific characteristics of community structure. Exposure to metals significantly reduced abundance of mayfly taxa in PR (p = 0.0041, ANOVA, linear contrast), AR1 (p = 0.0108), and AR5 (p = 0.0329) assemblages and taxa abundance in PR (p = 0.0225) and AR1 (p = 0.0469) assemblages. Total invertebrate abundance also decreased in PR assemblages exposed to metals (p = 0.0274). The results suggested that greater metal tolerance within the Arkansas River communities was a result of assemblage-level differences in community structure and population-level differences in sensitivity among sites. In contrast, Arkansas River assemblages, especially those from AR5, were sensitive to acidic pH, which reduced invertebrate abundance in PR (p = 0.0339), AR1 (p = 0.0284), and AR5 (p = 0.0062) assemblages. Abundances of mayflies and mayfly taxa also were significantly lower in AR1 (p = 0.0247, p = 0.0042, respectively) and AR5 (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0006, respectively) assemblages exposed to acidic pH but were not significantly altered in PR assemblages. These differences among sites in response to acidic pH resulted primarily from differences in community composition. For instance, the AR5 mayfly assemblage was dominated by Baetis spp., which were eliminated from all treatment streams. In contrast, less sensitive mayfly taxa (Rhithrogena hageni and Ephemerella infrequens) were abundant at stations AR1 and PR. Our results suggested that chronic metal pollution may have produced communities tolerant of metals but more sensitive to acidic pH.


This paper describes the technical background of J2EE and Android. The authors focus on the design of equipment management software using above technologies. Some key technologies are further analyzed in detail such as how to make mobile client to perform transaction with server side, the format of data exchange between mobile client and server side, etc.


The inferior vena cava (IVC) drains venous blood from the lower trunk, abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs to the right atrium of the heart. It is not uncommon to come across patients who have absence of a segment of inferior vena cava (IVC) with blood draining through collateral channels, but complete absence of IVC with draining into ovarian vein is a rare congenital anomaly


This chapter focuses on Big Data and its relation with Service-Oriented Architecture. We start with the introduction to Big Data Trends in recent times, how data explosion is not only faced by web and retail networks but also the enterprises. The notorious "V's" – Variety, volume, velocity and value can cause a lot of trouble. We emphasize on the fact that Big Data is much more than just size, the problem that we face today is neither the amount of data that is created nor its consumption, but the analysis of all those data. In our next step, we describe what service-oriented architecture is and how SOA can efficiently handle the increasingly massive amount of transactions. Next, we focus on the main purpose of SOA here is to meaningfully interoperate, trade, and reuse data between IT systems and trading partners. Using this Big Data scenario, we investigate the integration of Services with new capabilities of Enterprise Architectures and Management. This has had varying success but it remains the dominant mode for data integration as data can be managed with higher flexibility.


Objective To find new biomarkers and to establish serum protein fingerprint models for early detection and diagnosis of thyroid cancer by SELDI-TOF-MS and bioinformatics tools.Methods One hundred and eight serum samples(including 40 cases of thyroid cancer,36 cases of benign thyroid nodes,and 32 healthy individuals)were randomly divided into training set(n=87,32 cases of thyroid cancer,30 cases of benign thyroid nodes,25 healthy individuals)and test set(n=21).The serum protein was bound to WCX2 chip and tested by surface enhance laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS).The data of spectra were analyzed by bioinformatics tools like support vector machine(SVM)and discriminant analysis to establish diagnostic model.Results The detective model combined with 3 biomarkers could differentiate thyroid cancer from healthy individuals with speci- ficity of 86%,the sensitivity of 100%.The diagnostic model combined with 5 biomarkers could differen- tiate thyroid cancer from benign thyroid nodes with specificity of 83%,sensitivity of 88%.Conclusion The combination of SELDI with bioinformatics tools is a novel effective method for thyroid cancer detec- tion and diagnosis.


We report here results of experiments on the transient absorption spectra of CdSe microcrystals embedded in a germanium dioxide glass matrix. The transient absorption spectra were measured by means of femtosecond pump-probe method. In the sample with the smaller microcrystal size within the category of the strong confinement regime (the individual particles confinement regime), the absorption bleachings due to the carrier dynamics in the quasi-zero- dimensional quantum confined states were observed. In the sample with the larger microcrystal size within the category of the weak confinement regime (the exciton confinement regime), the absorption bleachings due to the hot carrier in the 3D electronic states were studied at various excitation intensities.


Solar Parabolic Dish is currently used for the Water heating and cooking applications. Generally Solar Parabolic Dishes are fixed focus point concentrators, but in order to achieve higher thermal efficiency we tried to make it line focus concentrator by using a unique receiver (copper tube in the form of helical coil) mounted at focal point.This report presents experimental platform based on the design, development and performance characteristics of direct steam generation by non-tracking solar paraboloidal dish concentrating system. The performance of the concentrator is experimentally investigated with the water circulated as heat transfer fluid. The system is fabricated with highly reflective aluminium foil sheet (0.8 reflectance factor). The experimental setup is placed in open, and the tests were carried out. The collector's efficiency was noted. The results are encouraging to provide the data for developing steam generation for rural application. The concentrated heat is absorbed by a copper tube which is made up of coil in a curved shape (22cm diameter and length with 15 no of turns) and it is fixed on solar trace path in which, it is eliminates tracking the sun in the east west direction and optimal tracking of the sun in the north-south to obtain maximum solar energy. The experimental results are taken on summer and cloud free days. The test results were measured 215 o C with solar steam conversion efficiency is 60-70%


Computation is an increasingly essential tool for doing scientific research. It is expected that future engineers will need to engage and understand computing in order to work effectively with computational systems, technologies, and methodologies. Toward this goal, we leverage our previous work with SugarAid v0.2 to allow learners to test their knowledge of computing by applying engineering concepts. Applied concepts include designing multidisciplinary systems including electrical, mechanical, fluidic, and thermal components. Through this method, we expect learners to enhance their computing knowledge by applying their engineering knowledge.


The objective of this study was to establish conditions for the texturization of soy protein isolate and peanut flour mixture using a single-screw extruder. The effects of feed moisture, screw-speed, and barrel temperature on the characteristics of the texturized products were studied. Feed moisture was the most important factor affecting the texture. Feeding ingredients with 22% moisture had the highest water absorption and expansion indices, and Hunter L value (P < 0. 05). When the screw speed was above 180 RPM, the meat analog had a 12% decrease in the expansion index and a 5% decrease in moisture content (P < 0.05). When the barrel temperature was increased to 165C, there was a 12% decrease in the water absorption index, and a 23% decrease in the expansion index of the meat analogs (P < 0.05). Overall, an acceptable meat analog could be successfully produced with 22% moisture in the raw ingredient, screw speed at 140 RPM, and barrel temperatures at 150, 155, and 160C for the three temperature zones, respectively.


Using the model of social problems developed by Herbert Blumer, this article examines the recent public attention directed at homelessness. Based on this analysis, the article places the homeless issue in historical perspective, arguing that it is an element of the recent reemergence of conservative political practices and the traditional style of American social welfare.


The Covid-19 pandemic was first discovered in 2019 and was resistant to all available cures despite all efforts. Vietnam, as well as other nations, suffers significant economic harm due to its presence. Businesses in Vietnam, particularly small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), must plan for this scenario. It has been shown that E-marketing is a successful technique for finding and communicating with consumers worldwide. The disease has been aided by lockdowns and social isolation in the Covid-19 pandemic. This study seeks to discover the impact of several variables on small business owners' plans to utilize e-marketing in Vietnam as part of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study used both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The qualitative approach is used to confirm and modify a scale, whereas quantitative research is used to help establish a range. The results show that 04 variables impact e-marketing intention, including (1) Compatibility, (2) attitudes towards the use of E-marketing, (3) perceived usefulness, and (4) perceived barriers to use, (5) subjective norms, where perceived usefulness is the most critical influence. The research has put forward many proposals to enhance the desire of businesses to utilize E-Marketing.


Although the market seems to be flooded with them, you may very well be facing a shortage of nurses. It has never been more critical to the survival of your organization to have the "right" nurses in place. By using a careful and intentional process of defining successful characteristics while your new care model is being designed, you should be able to avoid the pitfalls of recruiting during a period of urgent need. To hire the right nurses to support the restructured environment, you need to avoid the approach of hiring "all-at-once" just to fill vacancies.


We discuss the strain rate fields and micro block models using the GPS velocity field in the Northern and Northeastern Tibetan Plateau based on active faults distribution and GPS velocity field.We calculate the tectonic strain rate fields using a spherical wavelet-based multiscale approach for estimating the spatial velocity field on the sphere from a set of geodetic displacement observations.The calculated results including the spatial gradient tensor quantities such as dilatation rate,strain rate and rotation rate could be used to discuss the regional tectonic environment.We also adopt the block model approach with Backslip model to establish a small spatial scale micro-block model,which is used to invert for the slip rates of active faults and compared with geological slip rates,as well as the uniform strain rates in blocks and Euler poles for each block.As a result,we consider that:(1)Crustal deformation along the Qilian Shan range possesses the motion characteristics of blocks with narrow belt shapes in NE direction.(2) Contemporary deformation fields of the Northern Tibetan Plateau should be the result of combined actions of the relative movement of active faults′two sides,thrust and extrusion of the thrust faults and micro-blocks rotation bounded by the principal and secondary active faults in the region.(3)Rotation state of GPS velocity field in the east of the region near Lanzhou and Tianshui has been the result of systematic differences in regional lithosphere structure which affects the driving mechanisms of smaller crustal blocks deformation consequently.


The invention provides a water-related security disposing and serving method and device applied to a network formed by a vehicle and a cloud server. The disposing and serving method comprises the steps that water-level out-of-limit messages are received from a water-level detection module; whether the water-level out-of-limit messages are received in multiple continuous detection periods or whether the water-level out-of-limit messages are received for specific times within a specific time period is judged; a water-related danger prompt message is output through an output device inside the vehicle when the vehicle is in the traveling state; a water-related danger alarm message is sent to the cloud server when the vehicle is in the parked state; the cloud server inquires a preset vehicle-user relation table according to the vehicle logo, determines the user corresponding to the vehicle and sends the water-related danger prompt message to the user. Compared with the prior art, the water-related security disposing and serving method and device have the advantages that a water-related danger can be sensed in time, and the user can be helped in learning the water-related danger of the vehicle in time through the cloud server.


Ninety six commercial chicks were edivided into four group randomly,and fed the diets with 0.11%,0.2%,0.4%, 0.6% available P,respectively.During a thirty day experiment,the results indicated that the low P and high P diets decreased gain weight and feed consumptoin significantly (P0.05).The low P diets (available P:0.11%)could cause phosphorus deficiency and high mortality of chicks.The growth retardation and sternum bending were the earliest symptoms of phosphorus deficiency.The low P diets decreased plasma ACP activity on day 10(P0.05).The low P diets decreased plasma phosphorus content sigificantly on day 30(P0.05).Low P diets decreased tibia phosphorus content on day10and day 20(P0.05)。The results show the plasma and tibia phosphorus content have dignosis meaning in early stage of chicks phosphorus deficiency.Low P diets decreased tibia and kidney calcium content significantly (P0.05).These results suggest that the low P diets have an adverse effect on calcium metabolism.


RIP (Ribosome Inactivating Protein) produced by plants that can act as a plant defense from pest and disease. This protein is widely used as an anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-virus and anti-insect. Therefore, RIP contained in plants has the potential to be used for environmentally friendly biopesticides. The purpose of this paper is to provide information on RIP derived from plants and its potential as a biopesticide.The mode of action of RIP works is by inhibiting protein synthesis during translating process of pest and plant pathogen. RIP has a broad spectrum so that it can overcome insect pests from various orders and pathogens both fungi, bacteria and viruses. Some types of plants that contain RIP include neem, ginger, turmeric, galangal, castor bean, jatropha, soursop and bitter melon. RP applications can be in the form of oil, essential oils, solutions, flour, ash and simplicia. RIP can be applied to seeds, seeds, plants and post-harvest products. The advantages of using RIP include easily available materials, inexpensive, easy to application and environmentally friendly.The plants contain RP has high potency to commercially developed so in the future, the controlling of pest and disease rely on the plants contain RIP both direct and in the pesticides formulations form. Therefore echo friendly plantation programme can be realized.


Indiscriminate defecation (BABS) is an unhealthy behavior which is often encountered in everyday life. Until now, open defecation behavior in Soligi Village  South Obi District is still being carried out. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of open defecation free behavior in families in Soligi village. The type of research used is quantitative research with a cross sectional design. The sample was taken proportionally with a simple random sampling technique calculated using the Lemeshow formula with a proportion of 0.2 95% confidence level and 0.1 storage degree so that 135 families of samples could be found from a total population of 679 families, to avoid drop out samples plus 10% so that a sample of 145 families was obtained. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with che-square test and p value < 0.05. The results of the study concluded that there was a significant relationship between knowledge, p-value = 0.001 less than = 0.05, attitude obtained p-value = 0.000 less than = 0.05, latrine ownership obtained p-value = 0.002 less than = 0.05, the availability of clean water obtained p-value = 0.000 less than = 0.05, the role of health workers obtained p-value = 0.000 less than = 0.05, and the role of community shops obtained p-value = 0.000 less than = 0.05 with open defecation behavior (BABS).


In this article, based on the study of the behavior of laying hens under the technological stress caused by the migration of birds from cage keeping to the floor, and finding the correlation of behavior with their physiological state, it was found that in two systems of hierarchy – relative and absolute – in both there were violations of the usual order of common group of birds formation. This is manifested in rank-ing change, unusual excitement and aggression of the birds, the "order of pecking" violated, there were territorial conflicts, in fights birds were injured that led to a decrease in feed intake and general oppres-sion. Especially noticeable was an important indicator of instinctive behavior – redirected aggression, necessary to maintain a hierarchical order. All behavioral reactions were accompanied by changes in blood parameters and a decrease in the overall resistance of animals.. Moreover, blood parameters in animals of the two groups varied differently: in the group with an absolute system of hierarchy, the num-ber of pseudoeosinophils increased by 1.6 times (P<0.02), glucose level increased by 0.06 mmol/l, lyso-zyme activity decreased to 34.37 % against 42.57% in the first group, and bactericidal activity decreased by 33% in animals with an absolute system of hierarchy.


In this paper, we deal with the problems encountere d by those suffering from rare diseases and their families as well as th e recommendations of the Council of Europe related to the activities in this field. It gives an estimate of the current situation in our country and emphasizes the need for adoption an d implementation of National Plan/Strategy for rare diseases. Given the frequent d pendence existing between these diseases and genetic changes, preventive and diagno stic measures have to be based on the application of modern genetics along with upholding ethical principles.


The study of B meson decay appears to offer a unique opportunity to measure basic parameters of the Standard Model, probe for interactions mediated by higher mass particles, and investigate the origin of CP violation. These opportunities have been enhanced by the results of two measurements. The first is the measurement of a long B meson lifetime. In addition to allowing a simpler identification of B mesons and a measurement of the time of their decay, this observation implies that normal decays are suppressed, making rare decays more prevalent. The second measurement is that neutral B mesons are strongly mixed. This enhances the possibilities for studying CP violation in the B system. The CESR storage ring is likely to dominate the study of B physics in e{sup +}e{sup {minus}} annihilations for about the next five years. First, CESR has already reached a luminosity of 10{sup 32} cm{sup {minus}1} sec{sup {minus}1} and has plans for improvements which may increase the luminosity by a factor of about five. Second, a second-generation detector, CLEO II, will start running in 1989. Given this background, the main focus of this working group was to ask what is needed for the mid- to late-1990 s. Manymore » laboratories are thinking about new facilities involving a variety of techniques. To help clarify the choices, we focused on one example of CP violation and estimated the luminosity required to measure it using different techniques. We will briefly describe the requirements for detectors matched to these techniques. In particular, we will give a conceptual design of a possible detector for asymmetric collisions at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance, one of the attractive techniques which will emerge from this study. A discussion of accelerator technology issues for using these techniques forms the second half of the B-factory Group report, and it follows in these proceedings. 34 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.« less


This paper addresses the problem of designing a global tone mapping operator for rate-distortion optimized backward compatible compression of HDR images. We consider a two layer coding scheme in which a base SDR layer is coded with HEVC, inverse tone mapped and subtracted from the input HDR signal to yield the enhancement HDR layer. The tone mapping curve design is formulated as the minimization of the distortion on the reconstructed HDR signal under the constraint of a total rate cost on both layers, while preserving a good quality for the SDR signal. We first demonstrate that the optimum tone mapping function only depends on the rate of the base SDR layer and that the minimization problem can be separated in two consecutive minimization steps. Experimental results show that the proposed tone mapping optimization yields the best trade-off between rate-distortion performance and quality preservation of the coded SDR.


54) LIGHT STABLE ALIPHATIC 5,096,993 3/1992 Smith et al. .............................. 528/61 THERMOPLASTIC URETHANE 5,185,420 2/1993 Smith et al. .............................. 528/61 ELASTOMERS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Primary Examiner Patricia A. Short 75 Inventors: William M. Humphrey, Dover; Victor Attorney, Agent, Or Firm-Reising, Ethington, Learman & E. Gerard, Rochester, both of N.H. McCulloch PLLC


Devices and methods used for the brush holder is disclosed. Over-center locking device is disclosed. Also shown a method and device for maintaining the brush pressure on the moving conductive surface using a no back plate spring. How to route and devices are shown and the current from the brush without conducting through the brush box to the output portion. Brush, a system is disclosed for rapid removal and replacement of the contacts and springs. Mechanisms and methods to prevent the brush from falling downward or outward during removal of the brush are also included. A brush, a method and a device for blocking the flow of current without causing arcing or shorting between the collector rings or other mobile conductive surface is provided.


In this paper, the transmission scheme that combines LDM(Layered Division Multiplexing) with BSTOFDM(Band Segmented Transmission Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is proposed for the Japanese nextgeneration DTTB(Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting). The proposed LDM-BST-OFDM scheme provides a more effective frequency utilization and improvement of the performance in the stream for fixed reception. In addition, power boost of partial reception band for LDM-BST-OFDM is also studied in this paper. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by computer simulations where the effectiveness of proposed scheme for fixed reception is shown. Although LDM-BST-OFDM scheme improves the performance, dedicated receivers that can demodulate LDM multiplexed symbols are required. Therefore, LDM-BST-OFDM scheme which can decode the stream for fixed reception even if LDM multiplexed symbols are not demodulated by using conventional fixed receivers is proposed. In this paper, "LDM-BST-OFDM using frequency diversity scheme" and "LDM-BST-OFDM using extended parity in lower layer of LDM" is proposed. The reception characteristics of the proposed scheme is evaluated by computer simulations.


The extensivity for the thermodynamics of general $D$-dimensional rotating black holes with or without a cosmological constant can be proved analytically, provided the effective number of microscopic degrees of freedom and the chemical potential are given respectively as $N=L^{D-2}/G, \mu= GTI_D/L^{D-2}$, where $G$ is the variable Newton constant, $I_D$ is the Euclidean action and $L$ is a constant length scale. In the cases without a cosmological constant, i.e. the Myers-Perry black holes, the physical mass and the intensive variables can be expressed as explicit macro state functions in the extensive variables in a simple and compact form, which allows for an analytical calculation for the heat capacity. The results indicate that the Myers-Perry black holes with zero, one and $k$ equal rotation parameters are all thermodynamically unstable. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.


Along with the beer fermentation production's multiple extension, the beer fermented control system increased the multi-bench industry computers and the programmable controllers, thus it set a higher request of real-time data transmission between PLCs and host computers. The article first divides the communication data into three kinds: communication data between main engines, communication data between PLCs, and communication data between main engine and PLC. Through to the PLC programming, the VB WinSock communication module design and the MPI network programming, the communication data between various equipment transformed through many network transmissions, which could branch off network data. in view of oversized system gathering data quantity and the system refurbishing speed slow question, the unique fixed sampling period union transient operation cycle's communication way is used, a set of reasonable communication procedure is designed, which has satisfied the industry scene operation timeliness and the data prompt refurbishing request. This design method may promote to other industrial field automation control system.


In this paper a conformal strip fed dual band circularly polarized cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with modified Wilkinson power divider is investigated. The axial ratio bandwidth is improved by connecting one strip line in the middle of the internal ring strip of the original Wilkinson power divider. This increases axial ratio bandwidth from 12.24% to 16% in the lower band and 0% to 4.47% in the upper band.


This article attempts to use the discussion of the key concepts that guide this dossier —rearguard, war culture, mobilization— with a view to help further and problematize our understanding of the nature of the violence employed on the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). By critically examining the origins, political context and production of violence, I suggest that violent practices were not the mere * El autor participa en el Proyecto «Memoria de dictaduras, políticas de olvido y reconciliación: un estudio comparado de España y Argentina» (HUM2006-05172). Recibido: 25-09-2009 Aceptado: 18-12-2009 04Ledesma76.qxp 7/2/10 13:47 Página 83


NOVEL DERIVATIVES OF AMINOMETHYL 1H-INDOLE-4-METHANOL AND THEIR SALTS OF ADDITION WITH MINERAL OR ORGANIC ACIDS OF FORMULA: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) RH, ALC CC, PHENYLALCOYL CC R, RH, ALKYL CC (POSSIBLY SUBSTITUTED BY HAL, OH, ARYL OR ARYLOXY), CYCLOALCOYL CC, CYCLOALCOYLALCOYL CC, ALCENYL CC, ALCYNYL CC < THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS, THEIR APPLICATION AS MEDICAMENTS, THE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAME, AND THE PREPARATION INTERMEDIATES THEREOF.


For design optimization of the furnace water wall of pulverized coal-fired boilers, a thermal-hydraulic analysis code to calculate the flow rate and wall temperature distribution in the water wall has been developed. The code can be applied to complex flow networks for two-phase flow consisting of many tubes and headers for both steady and transient states in the distributed parameter system. The detailed flow conditions at any tube position, such as temperature, quality, velocity, etc. can be calculated stably and quickly by the developed algorithm using a matrix solver. The results of 3-D combustion analysis are used as one of the boundary conditions for this code. The performance of the code was verified using steady and transient states data of temperature distribution in the furnace water wall tubes of actual boilers. The results of both steady and transient states analyses showed good agreement with measured data. The new algorithm decreased the calculation time for steady-state analysis significantly compared with the previous algorithm. For transient-state analysis with a high performance computer, it can calculate tube temperature faster than the real transient time.


Thin-film materials are playing an ever-increasing role in basic and applied research and are the basis for a large number of devices. In many cases, thin films are used in multilayered configurations so that the interfaces between different materials play a key role in their properties. The thicknesses of thin films being investigated approach interatomic spacing, so interfacial structure and chemistry become dominant . The field is now at a stage where it is no longer sufficient to only obtain qualitative information; it is also necessary to understand the structure and chemistry quantitatively and to determine limits on the accuracy of the various characterization tools. The present and next issues of the MRS Bulletin bring together a number of experts in the most commonly used characterization tools. To highlight and encourage international collaboration, the articles presented here are jointly written by scientific groups in the United States and Europe. The first issue of this series is dedicated to the most commonly used techniques: electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and surface analysis. The article on electron diffraction by Ourmazd, Scheffler, Heinemann, and Rouviere presents studies of atomic resolution microscopy and their limitations. Aspects highlighted are the importance of comparing simulations to the images obtained in the electron microscope, and the importance of theoretical studies to obtain quantitative information. The article by Fullerton, Bruynseraede, and Schuller describes recent developments in the field of x-ray diffraction. This article focuses on a refinement technique capable of quantitative determination of interfacial roughness, interdiffusion, and crystal structure changes in a variety of novel multilayer configurations.


The buildup animal liberation the dream of beauty and the nightmare of the rabbit conflict and progress the forgotten animal issue pushing the peanut forward.


Eight hundred of Lohmann laying hens,divided into groups,were fed with eggshell element (the Chinese traditional medicine additive)and their production performance were determined.The result in test group with0.02%eggshell element ,compared with the control,indicated that:①the egg production quantity increased by6.41%~6.5%,average egg weight increased by0.55~1.1g,the rate of broken egg reduced by2.5%and the feed conversion rate improved by6.9%~7.28%.In addition,the eggshells'surface were smooth,bright –colored and not sandy.


Background— We previously reported that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) protected against apoptosis of serum-deprived cardiomyocytes via induction of Bcl-xL through the Smad1 pathway. To investigate whether Smad1 signaling promotes cell survival in the adult heart, we subjected transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of smad1 gene (Smad1TG) to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods and Results— The effects of BMP2 or adenovirus-mediated transfection of smad1 on cardiomyocyte survival in hypoxia-reoxygenation were examined using rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. BMP2 and Smad1 each significantly promoted survival and diminished apoptotic death of cardiomyocytes during hypoxia-reoxygenation. Interestingly, Smad1 was found to be activated during I/R in normal mouse heart. To examine physiological and pathological roles of Smad1 in I/R, we generated Smad1TG using the α-myosin heavy chain gene promoter. Phosphorylation of Smad1 was found in all smad1 transgene–positive mouse hearts. To examine ...


The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is an adaptive optics instrument for direct imaging of young self-luminous extrasolar planets in the immediate vicinity of bright stars. Such high contrast images are often dominated by speckle artifacts, which need to be removed with sophisticated data processing. Ref. 1 introduced a new matched filter for direct detection of point sources using the KLIP speckle subtraction algorithm including a forward model of the planet PSF. We present here a much more thorough analysis of the free parameters of the implementation of this algorithm in the Python git repository pyKLIP. We perform a series of one dimensional optimization over pyKLIP parameters: the reference library exclusion criterion, the number of principal components, and the size of the sectors. We also study the effect of a spectral template mismatch between the real planets and the reduction spectrum in four GPI spectral bands (J, H, K1, K2).


The proponents of new urbanism have claimed that neotraditional urban designs promote walking, reduce automobile dependence, and improve the quality of life for residents. However, the existing research on land use and travel behavior has not been able to support or invalidate these claims adequately because of data and methodological limitations. This research aims to probe further the complex relationship between the built environment and travel behavior and test the claims made by new urbanists by analyzing travel data obtained from travel surveys and diaries for 16 mixed-use centers (i.e., new urbanist and neotraditional) and auto-oriented corridors (i.e., postwar suburb) in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County, California. All individual trips, driving trips, and walking trips were regressed on selected sociodemographic and attitudinal variables to see if there were significant differences in walking and driving trips between mixed-use centers and auto-oriented corridors. The results both support and challenge the claims of new urbanists: although there are no discernible differences in individual driving trips between mixed-use centers and auto-oriented corridors, a higher number of individual walking trips are reported in mixed-use centers. The findings of the study suggest that aspects of the built environment, as well as attitudinal factors, influence travel behavior–in particular, walking behavior–although further research needs to be conducted in this area to make informed policy decisions pertaining to transportation and land use.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of differences in socioeconomic characteristics on the relationship between contraceptive use, parity and sex preference among currently married women in Thailand. The data was obtained from the Third National Contraceptive Prevalence Survey in Thailand 1984 conducted by the Research Center of the National Institute of Development Administration, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University in collaboration with the Family Health Division of the Ministry of Public Health. The sample size covered 7576 ever married women of reproductive age. The technique of analysis is the relative risk. Findings of the study suggest that overall there is no difference between the relative risk of contraception by sex composition of the family in Thai society, although there are significant differences by region, residence, educational level and religion.


The Atomic and Molecular Data Unit organized the Joint ICTP-IAEA Conference on Models and Data for Plasma-Material Interaction in Fusion Devices at ICTP in Trieste, Italy, 3–7 November 2014. The meeting brought together researchers from fusion energy science and materials science in order to review advances in computational studies of plasma-material interaction (PMI) processes and evolution of material microstructure in fusion devices, including effects of radiation damage and with special interest in hydrogen (tritium) trapping and transport in wall material. The proceedings of the meeting are summarized in this report.


Fig 1. Schematic diagram showing the scattered intensity as a function of angle of scatter for different particle sizes Tests using fibre optic laboratory prototypes for hydrocyclone oil in water measurement, and robust systems for monitoring the concentration of oil in water for ships' ballast and bilge discharge waters, have been shown to work satisfactorily within their required limitations. The use of fibre optics to deliver radiation to and from the sensing head has proved to be a successful method of satisfying hazardous space requirements in the pump rooms of supertankers. Furthermore, the flexibility in being able to position the sensing unit near to the sampling point, and in areas where instrumentation and machinery space is limited, can be a definite installation advantage. Within the constraints of the above applications, where robustness in design has to be balanced with accuracy and discrimination, the use of fibre optic scatter measurement techniques has proved to be viable. This paper deals with the next stage of development, where improved sensitivity and particulate discrimination can be attained. Once again a highly practical approach has been maintained where the interface between the optics and sample has been practically tested with theoretical and analytical work carried out in parallel. Additional sensing detectors have been added to the detector head and algorithms developed to distinguish between the different particulate types. These might be oil and rust, or separate oil types (eg heavy fuel oil and diesel). Good results have been obtained and show that the flexibility in application has been greatly extended. The calculations are carried out in the instrument by a microprocessor which also controls the unit's self-checking, calibration and control functions. It is believed that this development is a logical extension of standard turbidity measurement techniques and it provides greatly increased information to the user. Tests have been carried out on different oil and particulate mixes of varying type, concentration, refractive index and particle size distributions. Results show good stability and discrimination down to concentrations of solid in liquid well below 1 ppm. Discrimination of


Dynamically reconfigurable hardware not only has high silicon reusability, but it can also deliver high performance for computation-intensive tasks. However, the reconfiguration process usually has long configuration latency, which contributes only negatively to the system performance. Prefetching is a very effective technique to hide such latency, but there is no scheduler that is capable of optimally scheduling tasks while considering prefetching. In this work, constraint programming, an approach with a strong theoretical foundation, was used to perform offline scheduling for dependent tasks. The approach can find an optimal schedule that has minimal schedule length. Experiments on randomly generated task graphs have been carried out. In 2/5 of the cases, the optimal solutions can be found within 1 second


Abstract : Working in cold environments can adversely impact Soldier effectiveness and may result in serious health effects or even death. This technical note describes an easy to use mobile application that can be used to provide guidance to help mitigate these effects


In visible light communication (VLC), color-shift keying (CSK) is an intensity modulation scheme that transmits data through the variation of color with fixed optical intensity. The mutual information of a CSK modulation scheme is investigated in this letter. An expression for the mutual information of the VLC system is first derived. However, the expression is not in a closed form and its value can only be obtained by numerical simulations. To overcome this issue, an approximation for the mutual information is then obtained on the basis of Jensen's inequality. The approximation is in a closed form, which brings convenience for analyzing the system performance and optimizing the mutual information. Numerical results show that the approximation is accurate in both low and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes, and approaches the real value well for in-between SNR values.


While the world's population is growing, average life expectancy is increasing. As a result, the growing elderly population is profoundly affecting the delivery of healthcare for everyone and in particular for those with chronic diseases. The remote monitoring of chronic patients may be achieved by a telemedicine system utilizing today's information and mobile communication technologies. In this study, an ECG arrhythmia detection algorithm based on Wigner-Ville distribution is developed. The performance of the method is tested on data obtained from the PhysioNet database.


B or supernumerary chromosomes are extra elements to the standard set A and are present in several groups of eukaryotes, such as plants, fungi and animals. They may have different origins, including derivation of autosomal or sex chromosomes and even by interspecific crosses, which make them as an interesting model for genetic and evolutionary studies. The advent of chromosome microdissection technique, a method that allows the direct isolation of DNA from any region cytogenetically recognized, has provided new information on the structure and composition of these genomic elements in a significant number of organisms. In this sense, the present work was developed aiming to analyze the B chromosomes present in three fish species of the genus Characidium through classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques involving microdissection of B and sex chromosomes associated with the FISH technique, as well as fluorescent in situ hybridization of 18S and 5S ribosomal DNAs and genes for the H3 and H4 histones. Additionally, these repetitive DNA sequences were amplified, cloned and sequenced from genomic DNA of individuals without B chromosomes and from B chromosomes DNA microdissected. The results obtained by chromosome painting confirmed that the ZW sex chromosomes have a single origin in this group, while the B chromosomes have two types of origin. In C. gomesi and C. pterostictum, B chromosomes apparently exhibit an intraspecific origin, related to sex chromosomes, but, considering the placement of these species in the phylogeny established, in independent events. Moreover, in C. oiticicai these elements might have had an interspecific origin, possibly related to some sort of hybridization by introgression. The presence of histone sequences and 5S rDNA in B chromosomes evidenced by physical mapping and PCR amplification, as well as low genetic divergence, indicate a common ancestry between sequences present in B chromosomes of C. gomesi and C. pterostictum and the A genome of these species. Moreover, in C. oiticicai, sequences derived from the B chromosomes are very different from the genome amplified of


For optimization of performances of a hydraulic-electricity energy regenerative suspension (HERS) unit, the tradeoff point was determined based on study of ride comfort and energy-regenerative characteristics of a HERS unit in this study. A HERS unit as a new energy reclaiming suspension device is equipped with an energy-harvesting hydraulic electromagnetic shock absorber (HESA). The HESA together with a quarter car was modeled based on theoretical analysis and experiments, in which the root mean square (RMS) values of the sprung mass vibration acceleration and the recovered power are regarded as the optimization objectives under different road excitation conditions such as the constraints (natural frequency, dynamic displacement, and dynamic load of wheels). The HERS unit was optimized after the relationship between the ride comfort and the energy regeneration was obtained. In comparison with the traditional suspension, the HERS unit may be utilized to improve the ride comfort and meet the vehicle-driving requirements. Moreover, the total input power may be saved by 34-100 W on average while the vibration acceleration is among 0.65-1.06 m/s2. Furthermore, it is verified that the HERS damping force control is the feasible under various load currents.


On how to deal with the relationship between equity and efficiency,some scholars give priority to efficiency,while some give priority to equity,and others give balance between equtiy and efficiency.Another group of scholars think that guarantee of equtiy is the government's duty while market competition can promote efficiency.We think that the relationship between equity and efficiency should be kept dynamic balance since it is a social system which needs to be safeguarded by perfect system of public policy.


Background/Objectives: Engagement in leisure activities is one of the critical variables in increasing well-being and happiness. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between recreation specialization in traditional Korean dance and happiness for female adults. Methods/Statistical analysis: A total of 256 female adults who live in a metropolitan area in South Korea voluntarily participated in this study. This study used a convenience sampling technique. Findings: Findings indicated that recreation specialization are positively related to happiness. More specifically, the centrality to lifestyle and behavioral consistency of recreation specialization predicted happiness. Improvements/Applications: Further research is needed to examine a possible relationship between other psychological benefits and specialization.


The consequences of chronic renal insufficiency relevant to hepatic failure are not well appreciated. We describe a patient with chronic cirrhosis and marked porto-systemic shunting who, after the onset of chronic renal failure, developed intractable encephalopathy which improved markedly during an eight month period of maintenance hemodialysis.


'Research for this paper has been supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant GS-2420. Data was assembled by a group of ten students at the State University of New York at Binghamton that included Burkhard H. Blob, Sharon Fundis, Joseph J. Hogan, Michael J. Karger, Ellen A. Lubetsky, Royene Lukas, Brant D. Maltby, Ronald Sarner, Rodney S. Soltis, and Yves Veenstra. Their diligence and good humor while being "chained" to microfilm readers is gratefully acknowledged. 2Data were collected for virtually all nations independent (for whatever length of time) between 1919 and 1966. For the purpose of maintaining a stable sample through time, however, the present analysis is confined to the 51 nations maintaining independence throughout each of the 2 1-year periods. For a listing of these countries, see Table 2. 3The years 1940-45 are omitted because of wartime conditions that might abnormally influence the range or intensity of domestic conflict for many countries. A corollary assumption (substantiated in large measure by both Rummel, 1963, and Tanter, 1966) is that under relatively normal conditions domestic conflict does not vary noticeably with changes in international events. An analysis such as Singer and Small's forthcoming "Wages of War", of course, would require data for the years in question. Data A ssemblY


The study aimed to examine the relationship between the Variables of portfolio management diversification, marketability and return the mediating role liquidity. Research sample consist of investors in Khartoum stock exchange in Khartoum state Sudan. The sample was taken by random probability sampling. In addition for that researcher depended on questionnaire for data collection, the sample was taken from the investors who were still own the investment portfolio. This was done to facilitate the distribution of questionnaires and the accuracy of answers given by the investors. Research sample 400 investors the total response rate 81.75% the analysis technique used in this research is quantitative data analysis technique using Path Analysis modeling using (AMOS v 25). The results revealed the relationship between portfolio management and return it positive because it different form zero at 0.05 level of significance. And the relationship between diversification and liquidity it not significance because it different from zero at 0.05 level of significance. And the relationship between liquidity and return it not significance because it different from zero at 0.05 level of significance. The mediating role of liquidity on the relationship between marketability and return it positive because it different from zero at 0.05 level of significance. The mediating role of liquidity on the relationship between diversification and return it not support because it different from zero at 0.05 level of significance. The recommendation is Khartoum stock exchange management should take care of marketing the financial securities. And make it easy to increase the efficiency of market. Should improve the fundamental and technical analysis of market for individual investors to anticipate the price of securities according to available information about the price in the past. Also the investors need to be flexible with market environment to change the percentage weight of their portfolio assets according to market study.