A low computational power method is proposed for detecting actuators/sensors faults. Typical model-based fault detection units for multiple sensor faults, require a bank of observers (these can be either conventional observers of artificial intelligence based). The proposed control scheme uses an artificial intelligence approach for the development of the fault detection unit abbreviated as `iFD'. In contrast with the bank-of-estimators approach, the proposed iFD unit employs a single estimator for multiple sensor fault detection. The efficacy of the scheme is illustrated on an Electromagnetic Suspension system example with a number of sensor fault scenaria.


Several studies demonstrated that 60% of restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients have a positive family history and it has been suggested that RLS is a highly hereditary trait. To date, several loci have been mapped but no gene has been identified yet. Phenocopies and possible nonpenetrants made it difficult to detect a common segregating haplotype within the families. Defining the exact candidate region is hampered by possible intrafamilial, allelic, and nonallelic heterogeneity. One important prerequisite for future successful genetic studies in RLS is the availability of large and thoroughly phenotyped patients and family samples for linkage as well as association studies. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society


In this paper, we propose Low Energy Service Discovery (LESD) protocol for common discovery mode of IEEE 802.15.8 Peer Aware Communications (PAC). In order to minimize power consumption, Basic Repetition Block (BRB) is defined. Device is able to select operating mode and synchronize other devices through it. Proposed MAC procedure is Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) based on overhearing technique. Even if device has not been received response signal since transmitted request signal, it is able to discover other devices of same group through the overhearing technique. IEEE 802.15.8 PAC has required that performances of common discovery mode are presented about discovered devices during the simulation time, discovery latency and average power consumption. By considering the number of devices per group and channel environment, two scenarios are evaluated through system level simulation and the simulation results of proposed scheme are compared with CSMA/CA in same 논문 14-39B-05-01 The Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society '14-05 Vol.39B No.05 http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2014.39B.5.251 251 ※ 본 연구는 지식경제부 "초절전 센서네트워크 핵심기술개발" 과제에 의해 수행되었습니다. First Author : Chungnam National University Department of Information and communication, firstname.lastname@example.com, 학생회원 ° Corresponding Author : Chungnam National University Department of Information and communication, email@example.com, 종신회원 * Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Department of USN/IoT Convergence research, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, 준회원 논문번호:KICS2013-11-500, Received November 18, 2013; Revised April 16, 2014; Accepted May 9, 2014 The Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society '14-05 Vol.39B No.05 252 simulation conditions. As a result, proposed scheme is able to get high energy efficiency of devices as well as increase the number of discovered devices during simulation time when the longer the number of devices is distributed over a limited area.


Nan-kuei Chen, Arnaud Guidon, Hing-Chiu Chang, and Allen W Song Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Target audience: Neuroimaging researchers and clinicians who are interested in high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging Purpose: The goal of this study is to develop a novel post-processing algorithm, enabling diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of high-quality and very highresolution (e.g., 300μm in-plane resolution for human DWI at 3T) without requiring navigator echoes. DWI data have been mostly acquired with single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI). The spatial resolution, however, is inherently limited in single-shot EPI. Multi-shot acquisition strategies could potentially achieve higher spatial resolution and fidelity, but they are generally susceptible to motion-induced phase errors among excitations, rendering the reconstructed images unusable. It has been shown that shot-to-shot phase variations may be corrected using navigator echoes, but the residual artifacts may still be pronounced when there exist nonlinear motions. To address these challenges, a novel and robust multi-shot DWI technique based on multiplexed sensitivityencoding (MUSE) is developed to reliably and inherently correct nonlinear shot-to-shot phase variations and enable very high-resolution DWI. Methods: The developed multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE) method differs from the conventional SENSE algorithm in several ways. First, the conventional SENSE algorithm is designed to produce images from accelerated scans (i.e., under-sampled data), with non-ideal matrix inversion conditioning where the number of unknowns (i.e., the SENSE acceleration factor: e.g., 4) is not significantly smaller than the number of equations (i.e., the number of coils: e.g., 8). In contrast, the MUSE algorithm jointly estimates the magnitude signals of aliased voxels (due to intra-scan motion) simultaneously from all segments of segmented EPI (i.e., full k-space data), with greatly improved matrix inversion conditioning where the number of unknowns (e.g., 4) is significantly smaller than the number of equation (e.g., 8 coils x 4 segments = 32). Second, in order to account for motion induced phase inconsistencies among multiple EPI segments, the conventional SENSE method needs to be first applied to estimate the phase variations from each EPI segment. The SENSE-estimated phase information will be spatially smoothed (to minimize noises) and incorporated into the developed MUSE-based joint estimation of aliased magnitude signals. To evaluate the performance and confirm the reliability of the new MUSE technique, high-resolution DTI images (300μm x 300μm or 860μm x 860μm) were obtained from 6 healthy volunteers on 3 Tesla MRI systems (GE, Waukesha, WI) equipped with an 8-channel receiver coil. DTI images (with 15 diffusion weighting directions at a b factor of either 500 or 1000sec/mm2) were acquired using a 4-shot segmented EPI pulse sequence with a twice-refocused spinecho scheme. Scan parameters included: number of partial-Fourier over-sampling ky lines 12, in-plane acquisition matrix size 512x512 or 256x256, FOV 15.4x15.4 or 22x22 cm2, axial-plane slice thickness 4mm, TR 5 sec, and TE 59.3 msec. The acquired data were processed with the following steps. First, Nyquist ghost artifacts resulting from odd-even echo inconsistencies are first removed. Second, using the conventional SENSE algorithm, four full-FOV images were reconstructed from four DWI segments, and the motion-induced phase variations in each DWI segment were calculated. Third, the phase maps derived from step 2 were spatially smoothed with the total variation algorithm. Fourth, the smoothed phase maps and the coil sensitivity profiles were used to reconstruct aliasing-free DWI images from the Nyquist-corrected DWI data, based on the MUSE algorithm. To illustrate the image quality improvement uniquely enabled by the MUSE procedure, another set of aliasing-free DTI data were reconstructed by summing the magnitude maps derived from four EPI segments with the conventional SENSE, and the resultant data quality was assessed. Results: Figure 1a shows the Nyquist-corrected DWI images produced by the conventional segmented EPI reconstruction (i.e., a direct k-space data combination), corresponding to 5 (out of 15) directions obtained from one representative participant. As expected, the levels of motion-induced aliasing artifacts vary significantly, depending on the degree of intrascan motion. The ghost-to-signal ratio (GSR) is 0.36 in images shown in Figure 1a. Figure 1b shows that the motion-induced aliasing artifacts can be effectively eliminated using MUSE, regardless of the levels of aliasing artifacts in the raw DWI data. The GSR is 0.08 images shown in Figure 1b. It should be noted that even though the motion-induced aliasing artifacts can also be reduced (GSR: 0.19) with a conventional SENSE procedure, the resultant images have significantly lower SNRs. Figures 1c and 1d compare the FA maps produced with the conventional SENSE reconstruction and the new MUSE technique, respectively. It is demonstrated that MUSE-enabled DWI has a significantly lower noise level due to improved conditioning for matrix inversion. Figure 2 shows a high-resolution DWI image (in-plane: 300μm x 300μm) produced with the developed MUSE algorithm, demonstrating the feasibility of achieving high-quality and very high-resolution mapping of human white-matter architecture in vivo at 3 Tesla. Discussion: A general and effective approach to enable highresolution DWI through multi-shot acquisitions, termed MUSE, is presented here. The developed technique produces multi-shot DWI data with higher spatial resolution and fidelity, as compared with singleshot acquisition. In comparison to the conventional navigator-based segmented DWI, the new MUSE technique, which requires neither navigator nor reference echoes, also has several significant advantages. First, the imaging throughput of navigator-less segmented DWI is higher than that of navigator-based segmented DWI. Second, unlike navigator-based correction which could fail when the motions differ between navigation and acquisition or when there exist local and nonlinear motions (e.g., in the brainstem), the newly developed MUSE method can inherently measure and correct both linear and nonlinear phase errors. Conclusion: The developed MUSE technique enables high-quality and very high-resolution DWI mapping of human white matter architectures. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by NIH R01-NS074045, NIH R01-NS075017, and NIH R01-EB009483. FIG 1 FIG 2


The computation of MA60 airplane fatigue load involved the elastic distortion's affect on air-powered load distribution,with the stiffness computation of airplane's pressure composition based on the wind tunnel trial data to confirm load distribution with the principles of principle of linear superposition.By verification of MA60 airplane's real detecting data on loading computation proved that the loading computation's precision.


The Internet-of-Vehicles allows the coexistence of traditional Internet applications with the Internet-of-Things, so that vehicles can communicate not only among them but also to neighboring devices and humans as well. In this context, the human social behavior is a fundamental aspect that needs to be taken into account specially for message dissemination in Vehicular Social Networks. In this paper, we present a probabilistic broadcast protocol that exploits the "social degree" of a vehicle to be selected as next-hop forwarder. The social degree of a vehicle depends on its social activity inside a vehicular social network, so that a vehicle that uses to access and post often in a given vehicular social network is more likely to be "socially trusted". Selecting a trusted vehicle as next-hop forwarder allows a secure and faster message dissemination with respect to an "asocial" vehicle. Simulation results show that a socially trusted vehicle improves network performance, expressed in terms of overall throughput.


A general analytical solution for the elliptical anisotropic inclusion embedded in an infinite anisotropic matrix subjected to uniform heat flow is provided in this paper. Based upon the method of Lekhnitskii formulation, the technique of conformal mapping, the method of analytical continuation, and the concept of superposition, both the solutions of the temperature and stress functions either in the matrix or in the inclusion are expressed in complex matrix notation. Numerical results are carried out and provided in graphic form to elucidate the effect of material and geometric parameters on the interfacial stresses. Since the general solutions have not been found in the literature, comparison is made with some special cases of which the analytical solutions exist, which shows that our solutions presented here are exact and general.


This study aimed to remove sulfate from water solution through electrocoagulation, using multiple electrodes in a continuous flow system. Moreover, the effect of important parameters, including scenarios for voltages applying to electrodes, flow rate, primary sulfate concentration, and pH on the sulfate removal process was evaluated. The experimental reactor was a rectangular box of 20 × 10 × 6, all in cm. The electrodes were plates of grade 1050 aluminum. The highest sulfate removal was 87% that occurred at a voltage of 30 V and 10 mL/min of flow rate (retention time = 135 min) at pH = 5.5, when the initial concentration of sulfate was 500 mg/L. The highest sulfate removal rate in non-uniform voltage configuration was observed in the arrangement of 10, 20, and 30 V (upstream, middle, and downstream, respectively) during 135 min for 10 mL/min flow rate. On the other hand, the economic assessment revealed that the lowest amount of electrical energy consumed for removal of one mg/g of sulfate occurs at a 10 V uniform voltage among the electrodes. The results showed that the electrocoagulation technique could successfully be applied to continuous flow systems to remove sulfate from aquatic environments.


A traditional reversing valve enables a heat pump to operate in the heating mode or cooling mode by switching the refrigerant flow path through the indoor and outdoor coils, thereby changing the functions of the two heat exchangers. However, the presence of a reversing valve causes additional pressure drops and undesired heat exchange. The objective of this research was to measure the overall effects of a reversing valve on a 3-ton heat pump system using R-401a and make comparisons to the same valve's performance with R-22 as the refrigerant. The experiments included tests of under- and over-sized valves at the same test conditions. Also, the effects of pressure drops and of heat transfer combined with mass leakage on system and compressor performance were analyzed. It was found that the use of a larger (oversized) reversing valve to reduce pressure drops provided only limited performance gains. Also, changing refrigerant from R-22 to R-410a resulted in an increase in mass leakage but did not significantly change the effect that the reversing valve had on the system COP.


Abstract The expression of the force acting on the interfaces and domain boundaries in ferroelectrics is obtained, the difference in their electrophysical properties being allowed. It is shown that the additional contribution to the configuration force due to the difference between the piezoelectric constants of the domains results in the bending vibrations of the boundaries excited parametrically by a variable external field.


Introducing the process of a design of virtual spectrum analyzer based on the shortages of conventional spectrum analyzer,such as,exorbitant price,complex operations and inconformity for teaching and simulation in the labs,the design is using TI THS1206 to make data acquisition and Cypress cy7c68013 to transport the data to PC for the data storage,FFT operation and display.The results show that the design is rational for the teaching and simulation demands of the labs.


Illawarra Children's Services (ICS) is a not-for-profit community organisation that has been providing affordable, quality services to children and their families for over 30 years. ICS has been a generous supporter of the UOW Scholarship program for several years and is continuing tha...


According to I. Pernice, the European Union has to be distinguished from an international organization for four reasons at least.First, there is no international organization where citizens have their own political representation and participate in the decision-making process. Second, direct legal action against individuals by directly applicable legislation does not happen. Third, the question of protection of fundamental rights against such 'international' power is not an issue. Last but not least, 'no international organization provides for legal remedies of individuals against measures of that organization since there is no action having direct effect to the individual'. Therefore the author believes that the EU is an organization of citizens albeit having an appearance of an organization between states. Nevertheless one needs to remember that the European Union was founded as an intergovernmental organization by the European states on the principles of international law. That is why it has to be treated as a legal entity comprising the category of international organizations. Inasmuch as the role of individuals in the EU law-making process has been strengthened, their position was rather poor at the beginning of the European integration process. A direct right for individuals to submit a proposal for a legal act to the Commission is a great novelty not seen until now. Strengthening methods of democratic law-making by involving the European Parliament as well as national assemblies in the ordinary legislative procedure is again a fresh start. It is much the same with the system of judicial remedies differentiating the EU legal order from the horizontality of classical public international law. International law as a source of legitimacy for the European Union has always been and is still valid. Nonetheless the history of EU integration demonstrates the continuous evolution of that legal system. Therefore it is increasingly more difficult for lawyers to describe precisely what type of international organization and juridical entity this phenomenon is. It is all the more intricate while seeking a definition in the world of classical international law. An unravelling comes with Rafael Domingo's theory as the European Union fulfils Domingo's conditions to become an anthroparchic community of law. It happens through its legal order and participation of non-state actors in the law-making process. In such a case one can believe this juridical entity is also a subject in global law. European integration in the perspective of international law has been being widely analysed so one can easily find some critical papers in this field. This subject has also been examined by political scientists. 'A sui generis political entity' as a term defining the European Union is well established in the theory of international relations.  Les hommes politiques go even further in their descriptions naming the European Union an unidentified political object (UPO) or the first non-imperial empire.  Regrettably these terms cause more confusion than explanation. Despite the fact how descriptions assigned to the European Union are creative and diverse, agreement on what is the actual shape that the EU is taking is by no means easy. The size and functioning of the EU has been shaped and reshaped over the course of history. However the goal of an emerging 'ever closer union' is still in search of the paths of real and not ideal accomplishment. In fact, most institutional innovations bear some relation to past experience and borrow from it.


The controversy among taxonomists about naming and classifying organisms is well summarized by Elizabeth Pennisi in her News Focus article "Taxonomy: Linnaeus's last stand·" (23 Mar., p. [2304][1]). The problem to be solved is not complex, as even Carolus Linnaeus noted in the mid-1770s when he


Abstract This paper highlights the interaction between intended human resource (HR) practices as perceived by supervisors and status similarity between supervisors and employees as a key source of variation in employee work engagement among 298 employees reporting to 54 supervisors at a luxury Chinese hotel. Using a multi-level, process-oriented approach to examine the relationship between intended HR practices by supervisors and engagement as perceived by employees, we show (1) that the interaction of supervisor perceptions of HR practices and supervisor–subordinate hukou (place of origin) status similarity is positively related to employee reports of Leader–member exchange (LMX), HR practices and work engagement; (2) that the interaction of supervisor perceptions of HR practices and hukou status similarity influences employee perceptions of HR practices through LMX; and (3) that the interaction of supervisor perceptions of HR practices and hukou status similarity influences work engagement through employee perceptions of LMX and HR practices. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


Forward error correction (FEC) has been proposed as a technique for implementing efficient reliable multicast (RM). However, FEC incurs costs in encode/decode delay and implementation complexity. How much benefit is provided relative to these costs and how dependent is the benefit on the specific RM protocol? In this paper, we evaluate the benefits of FEC for RM, considering both proactive and reactive use with three RM recovery techniques: duplicate avoidance, limited scope multicast and subcast. Our simulation-based results indicate that FEC provides little benefit for an efficient RM protocol like OTERS and introduces extra delay for multi-point streaming data applications.


Faculty driven research is central to the intellectual integrity and financial viability of any college community. Greenwood and Levin (2005) highlight how colleges and universities have increasingly professionalized and commodified investigative practices in such a way that they no longer benefit the communities that they were created to serve. Bronx Community College's (BCC) Education and Reading Research Program is designed to question and interrupt research tendencies which propel self-fulfilling education and learning paradigms to produce and reify inter-generationally livedrealities and socio-economic reproduction of the least-advantaged communities. It is anticipated that the research efforts will also break the continuity of unintended effects of biased social policies, which evolve from socially-distant research careerism, by inaugurating a robust approach to action research. Our faculty action research program centers on the three pillars of investigative practices 1) qualitative inquiry 2) quantitative research and 3) action research centered on community development. Similar to Lincoln and Guba's (1989) authenticity criteria, our faculty research programs center on a notion that all research should primarily benefit the lives of those researched. The proposal that follows is a concise summary of our research programs and their central aims. Additionally, this paper provides the epistemological, theoretical, and methodological underpinnings, which inform each approach. Lastly, this research summary outlines the community beneficence goals that each group of faculty researchers share; and it proposes how these research efforts will be financially self-sustaining.


Industrial economy is leading urban economy.Input in industrial projects is a vital means to industrial economic development.With constraints from urban land utilization,to increase input/output efficiency of industrial projects is key to raise land utilization efficiency.This paper aims at the industrial projects with recent four-year's land supply,designs investment intensity,average land output,average land profits,land utilization efficiency,investment construction period,payback and input/output ratio,studies the index marked values and project investment scales,industrial relationship,and presents approaches to input/output efficiency in industrial projects,beneficial to save land and transform economic development means.


The invention discloses a human chest movement simulating test. The human chest movement simulating test has the advantages of figurativeness, scientific nature, operability and the like when applied to science teaching procedures in schools. Besides, the human chest movement simulating test is simple in operation and is vivid and intuitive, students can operate bottle walls and bottle bottoms of plastic bottles by hands to change balloons in the bottles and explore change of internal and external volumes of the bottles and the balloons and air pressures, and relevant phenomena can be generated. The test is shown in the Simulated Diaphragm Muscle Movement And Thoracic Volume Change in page 46 of the seventh-grade volume-two biology in a new edition from the People's Education press and is used for simulating procedures for exchanging gas between the lungs and the external during human respiratory movement, so that the students can understand human respiratory procedures, learn mutual relations between the physiological procedures and the nature and understand complicated principles by means of simple experimental operation, and natural science knowledge exploration interest of the students can be stimulated. In addition, experiments on teaching materials are explained by the human chest movement simulating test, and the experiments can be converted into simple operation, so that purposes of allowing teachers to teach the experiments easily and enabling the students to learn the experiments happily can be achieved, and the students even can be in self-study states when slightly guided by the teachers.


1. Abstract The stent implantation, stenting, is one of the angioplasties to treat atherosclerosis. The success of the stenting is largely determined by the shape design of stents. As objects of analysis and requisites for optimization, parametric models of a tubular balloon-expanded stent are established. FEM technique is used to investigate its mechanical properties. In order to realize shape optimization, an optimization model has been formulated and solved, and final results show the successful improvement of shape design variables. 2. 3. Introductions 3.1 Plaque, stent implantation Coronary artery disease, also known as atherosclerosis, is the most common reason for death all over the world. It occurs when excess organic or inorganic material, such as cholesterol or mineral, deposit on the inner walls of the blood vessels. The stent implantation, i.e. stenting, is one of the angioplasties to treat atherosclerosis. Intravascular stents (IVS) are tiny wire mesh tube-like structures. The stent is mounted on a balloon and delivered to the site of blockage under the guidance of a catheter system. When the balloon is inflated, pressure expands the stent and causes its deformation plastically. After the deflation of the balloon and the remove of the catheter system, the stent supports the arterial wall, and then the arterial blockage is alleviated. Therefore the artery is opened and blood flowing to the downstream tissues is restored. 3.2 classifications of structure and material Stents are always classified into five catalogues according to structure, i.e. tubular, coil, ring, mesh and multi-design. Balloon-expanded stent is always made of surgical stainless steel, while shape memory alloys constitutes self-expanded stents. 3.3 medical and mechanical studies on stenting Many clinicians of medical centers, engineers of enterprises and mechanical experts have done abundant researches about this problem in recent years. Although they carried out all kinds of experimentations with different tools and plans under various theories, their final aim is the same one: finding out a perfect design of intravascular stent. 3.4 FEM and optimization The simulation of stenting poses a fairly complicated biomechanical problem because of such characters: large deformation, elastoplastic, contacts, material properties of live tissues and multi-load case. Although optimization theories are powerful tools to improve initial design, few researches applied them on stenting because of the problem's complexity. This paper explores a methodology for optimization, and it is available for both size and shape design parameters. 3.5 goal of this study All of this research is …


In this article the questions connected with process of arrival of the entrant in HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION are considered. Results of the market research of the factors influencing a choice by entrants of HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION conducted by authors, degrees of knowledge of entrants, motivations of receiving the higher education and criteria of a choice of future profession are given. The presented analysis of results of research is carried out, as taking into account results of poll of respondents of YuAO of Moscow, and taking into account the analysis of available secondary sources of information, such as: data of Rosstat, data of research IISP (Independent Institute of Social Policy), data of the research conducted by the Begin Group company and some other. On the basis of the received results conclusions of rather received factors influencing process of arrival of the entrant are drawn, recommendations which can be used for increase of efficiency of reception campaign are offered.


ABSTRACT Congruency effects observed in stimulus-response compatibility paradigms are affected by proportion congruency (PC), that is, the ratio of congruent trials in a block-wise context. The PC effect may reflect the operation of visual selectivity. We used a flanker task to investigate the nature of the relationship between the congruency effect and PC in a given block, as well as the preservation of visual selectivity. In Experiment 1, we observed a linear relationship between the congruency effect and PC across five PC groups in a training session; in post training (with PC constant), the congruency effect was equivalent across the five groups. In Experiment 2, congruency effects varied with PC in phases within a block. These suggest that visual selectivity, acquired in a training session, is not sustained in post training where it rapidly adjusts to a new PC context. Characteristics of visual selectivity derived from these findings are discussed.


Voltage pulses to a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) are used to construct silicon columns of 30–100 A diameter and up to 200 A height on a silicon surface and on the end of a tungsten probe. These nanocolumns have excellent conductivity and longevity, and they provide an exceptional new ability to measure the shapes of nanostructures with a STM. This construction methodology and these slender yet robust columns provide a basis for nanoscale physics, lithography, and technology.


Apoptosis was studied in chickens with reference to bursal involution. Morphological and biochemical apoptosis occurred first on day 18 of incubation in bursa of normal embryos. Such phenomena were never detected before 18 th day of embryonic life. Therefore, apoptotic induction was stage specific in chicken bursa. Embryos treated with testosterone propionate (TP) showed DNA fragmentation on day 18, 8 days after the TP injection; these apoptotic responses were negligible on other experimental days. Furthermore, apoptotic cells were occasionally seen among the bursal lymphocytes or epithelial cells in the TPtreated embryos. Embryos injected with half dose of TP showed lower levels of DNA fragmentation than the normals, and the cells undergoing apoptosis were low in number. After hatching, apoptosis was detected morphologically and biochemically in normal bursa, especially after the stage of sexual maturation. These findings demonstrate an apparent correlation between apoptosis and normal involution of bursa after maximal stage of tissue maturation and are suggesting for an apoptosis-independent process of bursal involution introduced by TP treatment.


In this work, a facile method has been developed to fabricate Au nanoplates in one step through heating formaldehyde and HAuCl4 aqueous solution. The obtained Au nanoplates are single crystal with an average edge length of approximately 160 nm. And the formation of plate-like Au nanostructures is because of the adsorption of formaldehyde on the surfaces of Au nanostructures, leading to a similar surface energy of {111} and {100} facets.


SUMMARY Leafy shoots of cauliflower were produced from hypocotyl segments, curd branches (debarassed of existing meristems) and intact curd pieces submitted to various basal media. Adventitious shoot production and axillary bud break exhibited very different nutritive requirements. In each case, an interaction between the plant growth regulators and the composition of the basal medium was discovered. Propagation from curd pieces was dependent on the interaction between plant growth regulators and high sucrose-to-macronutrients ratio in the medium. A medium containing 168 mM sucrose, supplemented with 2.5 [pM N6-benzyladenine and 5 iM naphthaleneacetic acid allowed the production of numerous shoots without any hyperhydric symptoms.


The concept of ancient Ethics is related to Socrates and the Sophists. From them it passed through Plato, and reached its climax in Aristotle. No one of these theories understands ethics as a sum of advices or as group of commandments of what the others ought to do. In this sense, ancient Ethics carries out one of the requirements stated by Moore (1907), when he says: "It is not the business of the ethical philosopher to give personal advice or exhortation".Apart from Aristotle, Plato and Socrates, Ethics is plenty of what some scholars, like Guthrie (1984), have named ethical intellectualism; that is to say, it was retained that moral goodness was linked to wisdom, therefore with education as well. On the contrary, moral evil is the result of illiteracy, bad or defcient education. The Stagirite, on the other hand, asks himself what is the good for the individual and for the polis. On this respect, his conclusion is that this good is the eudaimonia or the happiness, which is the human action´s end.AKADEMOS, Ano 11, Vol. 2, No 29, July-December 2017: 59-75


Vocabulary is a vital element in language learning. The fourth grade students of SD 1 Wangunrejo Pati have serious problem in mastering vocabulary. They were lack of vocabulary.Learning vocabulary is not easy for students; it is difficult for them to memorize something that is not familiar. Some students might be able to memorize well, but it is not for long term. When they get a new word, they just memorize and do not use in real life.They get difficulties in memorizing every vocabulary that they have learnt.
The objective of this research is to find whether there is a significant difference between the vocabulary mastery of the fourth grade students of SD1 Wangunrejo Pati in academic year 2015/2016 before and after being taught by using climbing up a laddergame.
The design of this research is experimental research with pre-test and pos-test design. The population of the study was fourth grade students of SD 1 Wangunrejo Pati in academic year 2015/2016.The number of the population was 70 students divided into two classes. The sample is taken by using cluster random sampling. And the sample is IV-A which consists of 35 students.The data were taken from written test, after the students were given the pretest, they were given the treatment for four meeting, and last the students were given posttest. After getting data of pre-test post-test, the researcher analyzes the data using the t-test formula to find out whether or not there is a significant difference between the vocabulary mastery of the fourth grade students of SD 1 Wangnrejo Pati in academic year 2015/2016 before and after being taught by using climbing up a ladder game.
The result of the research shows that the mean score of the vocabulary mastery of the students before being taught by using climbing up a laddergame is 68.71 and the mean score of the vocabulary mastery of the students after being taught by using climbing up a ladder game is 83.42 and t-obtained 12.60 in the level of significance α= 0.05 and degree of freedom "N-1, 35-1=34, the t (table) is 2.042. While, the t (obtained) value is 12.60 falls in critical region". Because t (obtained) falls in the critical region, the research hypothesis H1, which states that there is a significant difference between the vocabulary mastery of the fourth grade students of SD 1 Wangunrejo Pati in academic year 2015/2016 before and after being taught by using clombing up a ladder game", was confirmed.


Grazing‐incidence x‐ray diffraction (GIXD) permits the direct measurement of in‐plane lattice parameters of SiGe films that are too thin to yield good results from normal‐geometry triple‐axis techniques. A unique ''X''‐shaped pattern has been seen in H–K reciprocal space maps of diffracted x‐ray intensity from SiGe films that have relaxed via a modified Frank–Read mechanism. Contours of intensity are seen along the 〈110〉 directions from the (400) reciprocal lattice peak with the introduction of the first dislocations. For higher dislocation densities the X‐shaped contours are anisotropically distorted and a satellite peak, corresponding to the lattice parameter for a partially relaxed film, becomes identifiable at lower H. In contrast, H–K reciprocal‐space contours from thin SiGe films that have relaxed by roughening and subsequent random nucleation of dislocations display broad, oval‐shaped contours centered at the (400) reciprocal lattice point for the film. Numeric simulations of GIXD from a variety ...


W hen an organization takes the trouble to tell its scientists that it might be a good thing if they helped the press in a simple and direct fashion (page 116), we think it is a good thing. For a long while a feeling of suspicion or dislike has colored the thinking of some scientists when concerned with the press in its reporting of scientific work. The feeling seems to be less pronounced than it used to be, but it is still there. Nowadays the better newspapers give more attention to science and to science writers than was true a decade or two ago. The result is some good science writing. This trend probably has reduced the number of scientists who are reluctant to cooperate. The curiosity of the public is aroused, the desire to know about science is more widespread, and in many laboratories letting the public know is considered a proper service. ...


I: Women in the Near East II: Women in Greek epic a) Goddesses b)Mythical women III: Monstrous women IV: Women and archaic poetry a) Women in the male poets b)Women poets V: Dorian women a)Poetic sources b)Prose sources c) Gortyn Law code VI: Women of Classical Athens a) Domestic arrangements b) Legal arrangements c) Understanding of the female body d) Religious activity of women e) Female slaves f) Women in drama g) Women and philosophy VII: Women of the Hellenistic period a) Poetic sources b) Women in Hellenistic Egypt VIII: Etruscan women IX: Women of the early Roman Republic a)Legendary women b) Legal status c) Private and public life X: Women of the middle Republic a) Private and public life b) Women in comedy XI: Women of the late Republic a) Women and the Civil War b) Legal status c) Women and the poets XII: Women of the early Principate a) Private and public life b) Women and the poets XIII: Women of the high Empire XIV: Christian women.


(2007). When "To Start" is "To Continue": Statutory Interpretation in the Brian Haw Case. Judicial Review: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 122-133.


Numerical simulations of shaped change jet were conducted with AUTODYN-2D for variable rate of liner thickness change;to check the applicability of the typical models the static experiments were performed.The results of simulation were identical with the experiments.Study on the influence of rate of liner thickness change on the penetration by numerical simulations and experiments.The results show: when variable rate of liner thickness change is increased,jet top velocity and velocity grads are rising,easy to become fractured and make against improving penetration.


The invention discloses a lymphatic tuberculosis Chinese herba preparation for calming liver and clearing heat. The preparation is prepared by the following main raw material in part by weight: 5 to 12 parts of gleditschia horrida wood veneer, 6 to 15 parts of bulb of ussuri fritillary, 3 to 9 parts of platycodon root, 10 to 20 parts of red sage root, 6 to 10 parts of scutellarta root, 8 to 12 parts of cyperirhizome, 6 to 9 parts of annual fleabane, 6 to 15 parts of fleece-flower root, 8 to 12 parts of Aristolochia kwangsiensis Chun et How, 15 to 25 parts of selfheal spike, 6 to 12 parts of forsythia fruit, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of purple sal-ammoniac, and 8 to 16 parts of buttercup root. The Chinese herba preparation is simple to operate, low in drug cost, low in side effect and high in cure rate.


Based on carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP)random pores model,finite difference time domain(FDTD) was proposed to simulate the inspection of CFRP porosity using ultrasonic attenuation method.Numerical simulation and experiment test were carried out.The specimen was multilayer,hot pressed prepreg,epoxy resin based,and one direction carbon fiber reinforced plastic.Its thickness was 2mm,and fiber mass fraction was 69%±3%.The porosities range from 0.065% to 4.96%.A similar law on the relation between CFRP porosity and ultrasonic attenuation coefficient was found from simulation and experiment.The result shows that CFRP porosity inspection can be simulated using the random pores model and FDTD method.


Abstract In the Vices of the Political System of the United States, Madison writes "Where slavery exists the republican Theory becomes still more fallacious." Statements from seemingly different periods of his intellectual life—the Constitutional Convention and the Party Essays in the Virginia Gazette—show us that Madison consistently viewed slavery as one of the cruelest vices committed by the majority, though a vice that he never overcame himself. Alongside those who characterize the founding fathers as men "who built better than they knew," I argue that Madison approached the problem of slavery on terms presented by Montesquieu, that is, from a perspective of moderation and prudential judgment meant to delicately touch the relationship between law and mores. Though Madison never forcefully opposes slavery, I suggest throughout his career he follows the most read political writer among the men of the Founding Era. Through a careful reconstrual of Madison's letters, his speeches at the Constitutional Convention, and later essays and writings about gradual emancipation, I show that this Founding Father, influenced by Montesquieu's advice about indirect legislation for combating vice in Spirit of the Laws, made a sustained attempt to end American slavery through indirect legislative devices and public writings meant to change American mores to countenance emancipation.


Although previously published studies have indicated the usefulness of optoelectronic and videobased kinematic systems for gait analysis and for the measurement of dynamic back movements, there remains a paucity of research for both three-dimensional spine and back movement analysis and the comparison of systems used for this analysis. This study used three different motion analysis systems for the estimation of the range of spinal movement on a specially devised model of the vertebral column. An electrogoniometer was also used to record the same angles, thus allowing a comparison between direct and indirect kinematic measurements. The accuracy of the angle estimation and intra- and inter-observer variability were recorded for each system and a calculation of potential operator-driven error in movement of the spine highlighted. The results of this pilot study offer clinicians a more informed position as to which system to select for their particular use.


Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine Kyung Hee University The height and weight of infants who were born in 1994 and registered on Kyung Hee Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics were measured from birth to 12 months of age and recorded for each infant's age, sex, body height and weight respectively. The physical and nutritional indices were evaluated based on above growth data. The total numbers were 10,681 comprising 5,449 males, 5,232 females.
The result obtained are as follows:
The average height at birth was 50.0±2.2cm in male and 50.0±2.0cm in female. The average height at 12 month of age was 82.0±5.4cm in male and 81.0±3.7cm in female.
The average increase of height from birth to 12 months of age was 32.0cm in male and 31.0cm in female.
The average weight at birth was 3.3±0.4kg in male and 3.2±0.4㎏ in female.
The average weight at 12 month of age was 10.6±1.4㎏ in male and 10.1±l.2㎏ in female.
The average increase of weight from birth to 12 months of age was 7.3㎏ in male and 6.9㎏ in female. The relative weight was increased continuously from birth to 12 months of age as they grew older in both sexes. The Rohrer index was decreased continuously from birth to 12 months of age as they grew older in both sexes.
The Kaup index showed the same pattern as the Rohrer index.


The article is devoted to the cycle of legends, tales and oral stories about Boursamdzeli sanctuary in South Ossetia. The author comes to the conclusion that the mythological component is an important art and world outlook component of considered texts about hero Bursamdzeli and queen Tamara representing an interlacing of toponymic, meteorological and terriomorfi c myths.


The invention relates to a method derived pressure center route-based exercise posture, and devices. An object of the present invention can be formed to be worn on a user's head be excluded and the acceleration sensor, recognizing the effective and walking accurately using only a sensor for measuring dynamic physical quantity of the user, such as a position sensor, detection, and analysis of the pressure sensor that, the pressure center route-based exercise posture derived method and apparatus to provide.


Since unemployment began to rise again last year, the need for a response from government is once again being discussed. As the unemployment total rises toward 2 1/2 million and threatens to continue to rise next year, it will be repeatedly in the headlines for some time to come. One policy response to persistently high unemployment in the UK, and by governments around the world, has been the use of Special Employment Measures. It is therefore surprising that direct special measures in Britain are now at a seven year low and are facing further funding cuts of around 18 per cent in real terms during the next financial year. Here we take a look at recent developments in Special Measures in the UK, and assess the adequacy of current programmes to meet the needs of the 1990s.


While reviewing Ocular Pathology, 7th ed., I had two thoughts. The first was happiness that I did not attend law school as my grandmother wished. The second was that this isn't your typical pathology text. This book includes updates in genetics, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology, as well as introduction of new entities and updates to existing topics. It is electronically formatted for accessibility on mobile devices. The reference lists are only available electronically. There are also selfassessments to test one's knowledge. My first thought: this text is the opposite of a law book (small print, ''heretofores,'' no pictures). Information is unambiguously formatted as an outline, which is easily reviewed between patients. Within the outline are useful annotations that can be clinical pearls and key considerations. There is a superb collection of microscopic and clinical images, as well as numerous summary tables. More labeling of features on the photomicrographs would be helpful. References are not cited within the text, making it difficult to find specific sources. My second thought: it reads like a clinical ocular disease text (differential diagnoses, clinical complications) supplemented with photomicrographs and discussion of pathogenesis. It exemplifies the unique nature of various clinical ocular diseases, which rely primarily on visualization of the ocular tissues in situ, using technology with resolution to almost the microscopic level for diagnosis and management; the clinician is required to understand the underlying pathology. More of these advanced images would be beneficial. The clinician is the audience. The authors deftly surveyed the literature and summarized the most pertinent information on each clinical ocular disease. The touted information regarding new entities is of minimal impactVsome are not indexed. Notable, however, is the detailed review of the genetics of some diseases (glaucoma), recognizing the potential role of pathology in clinical management, which is rapidly becoming part of the clinical lexicon. The consensus classification schemes for conditions are current. Ocular Pathology, 7th ed., presents and correlates ocular disease presentation and pathology in a clinically relevant manner. The outline format, annotations, tables, images, and electronic accessibility make it easy for the clinician to use. For clinicians desiring to better understand ocular pathology, this is a great library addition.


http://journals.cambridge.org/nle Natural Language Engineering meets the needs of professionals and researchers working in all areas of computerised language processing, whether from the perspective of theoretical or descriptive linguistics, lexicology, computer science or engineering. Its aim is to bridge the gap between traditional computational linguistics research and the implementation of practical applications with potential real-world use. The journal publishes research articles on a broad range of topics, an industry-watch column and book reviews. JNLE now includes surveys, as well as squibs discussing specific problems. To subscribe contact Customer Services


This work investigates the extent of the soil erosion threat in the Gaziantep province in southeastern Anatolia by means of application of the USLE model and GIS.
In this study, the magnitude of soil erosion risk in the Gaziantep province, southeastern Anatolia, was investigated by application of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and displayed as erosion risk maps. Thus, a very high erosion risk was found on 7.42 % of the entire study area. A high erosion risk was found on 12.26 %, a medium risk on 31.72 %, and a low erosion risk on 48.61 % of the examined area. The results were confirmed by the K-factors, calculated basing on soil type, organic matter content, aggregation class and permeability


Various fibre components have been explored in recent years for use as wavelength division multiplexers and demultiplexers. The inherent wavelength selectivity of 2*2 fused couplers has been exploited but relatively long interaction lengths are required to achieve narrow channel separation. Combining a fibre coupler with a ring resonator results in a very narrow band filter but has the restriction that only one input port and one output port is available. The authors present a novel device based on forming a ring resonator from a 3*3 fused coupler, which has the advantage of two input ports and two output ports and can be used for wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing and for switching of optical signals.


An early event in the development of atherosclerosis is vascular endothelial activation, a complex process regulated by the expression of a variety of chemokines and adhesion molecules. We previously found that guinea pigs fed high‐cholesterol atherogenic diets demonstrated significant increases in aortic inflammatory markers, an effect that was attenuated by reduction in dietary carbohydrate. We therefore hypothesized that dietary restriction of carbohydrate would lead to greater reductions in vascular inflammatory markers compared to a diet restricted in fat and saturated fat. We specifically tested the idea with a 12 wk prospective study comparing an ad libitum very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD) (1504 kcal: %CHO:fat:protein=12:59:28) and a low fat diet (LFD) (1478 kcal: %CHO:fat:protein=56:24:20) in 40 overweight subjects with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Concentrations of circulating cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules were determined to assess the diet‐induced inflammatory state and endothelial dysfunction. Both diets led to a significant reduction in the acute phase reactant C‐reactive protein (−23%). Compared to the LFD, the VLCKD resulted in significantly greater reductions in TNF‐α (−32 vs −12%), the chemokines IL‐8 (−33 vs 4%) and MCP‐1 (−24 vs −5%), and the adhesion molecules E‐selectin (−34 vs −14%) and I‐CAM (−17 vs −3%). These results indicate that dietary restriction of carbohydrate is more effective than reducing fat at improving circulating vascular inflammatory markers.


Ten Uropodina species were found in the soil, moss and litter materials collected in Angola and presently kept in the Soil Zoology Collections of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. A new genus (Afrotrachytes n. gen.) and ten species were identified in this rich material. One of them is a known species [Uropoda elegans (MARAIS & THERON, 1986)], but the other nine (Afrotrachytes seticaudatus sp. n., Leonardiella machadoi sp. n., Oplitis angolensis sp. n., Oplitis csuzdii sp. n., Cheloniuropoda cheloniforma sp. n., Uropoda cornuata sp. n., Uropoda afra sp. n., Rotundabaloghia mahunkaiana sp. n., Uroactinia angolensis sp. n.) are proved to be new to science. With 45 figures.


It has become gradually more difficult to ignore the importance of Facebook as a social network act throughout the world. Over the past few years researchers have high lightened the need of Facebook system as more and more human interaction become possible with the involvement of Information Technology. More over individuals, organizations and countries are investing considerably in Facebook system from business point of view. In today's global village Bilaltiger Innovative Theme Based Fantastic Facebook System (BITBFFS) is at the heart of our consideration in this research paper. This paper seeks to address the following questions. How the information of Facebook users can be secured? How Facebook Users can perform meaningful tasks? This paper also compared statistically issues between educated and uneducated persons using Facebook. We used mixed research methodology in our paper.


This paper discusses a delayed discrete predator-prey system with general Holling-type functional response and feedback controls. Firstly, sufficient conditions are obtained for the permanence of the system. After that, under some additional conditions, we show that the periodic solution of the system is global stable.


The existence of diverse B cell antigen receptor (BCR) specificities is essential for development of protective antibody responses against a wide variety of pathogens. In developing B cells, the BCR repertoire is crafted through sequential rearrangements of heavy and light chain genes, and involves both combinatorial and junctional diversification catalyzed by recombinases and nucleases. Mature B cells undergo further diversification in peripheral lymphoid organs through isotype switching and somatic hypermutations in response to foreign antigens; although these events are not known to alter BCR antigen specificity. Cytoskeletal proteins modulate BCR signal strength and thereby antibody responses, but it is not known if they play a role in the generation of BCR diversity. Using next generation sequencing, and iRepertoire, Inc and ImMunoGeneTics (IMGT) software platforms we examined BCR repertoires in developing and mature B cells that lack the expression of Ezrin, a prominent cytoskeletal regulator of BCR organization, signaling and activation. We show that Ezrin deficiency impacts the generation of BCR repertoire diversity during B cell development, as well as the mature BCR repertoire. Our analysis provides a window into the major processes involved in diversifying the B cell repertoire in control and Ezrin-deficient B cells, including V gene usage, number, frequency and length of unique CDR3s, nucleotide additions and trimming, and shared and unique clonotypes. Our data suggest that the Ezrin cytoskeleton in B cells impacts humoral immunity not only through modulation of B cell activation upon foreign antigen encounter, but also through qualitative and quantitative modulation of the available BCR repertoire.


Divided into sections, this study concentrates on developments in European rationalism during this century, focusing on aspects of rationalism in the 1930s and neo-rationalism from the 1960s to the modern day. It features 36 projects from the beginning of the century to the present. The buildings are chosen in order to reflect the spirit and architecture of the rationalist movement. All projects represented by architects no longer alive have been redrawn to convey their concept and meaning, and care has been taken to set the buildings in their original context. The book features international architects such as Gunnar Asplund, Le Corbusier, Aldo Russi, Carlo Aymonino, J.P. Kliehues and Vittorio Gregotti.


Abstract This research originated from the lack of use of interactive learning media for learning on the subjects of computer skills and information management (KKPI) in SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Padang. As a study guide for students, teachers only provides modules. This makes students bored because students tend too lazy to read the module, students are more interested in learning with the help of computers. This research aims to produce a media interactive learning using AutoPlay Media Studio is a valid and practical to be applied as a learning media in SMK. This type of research is the development of research or Research & Development (RD (1) The validity of media interactive learning by validator revealed very good with a total value of validity was 93,12 (2) The practicalities of media interactive learning by teachers revealed very good with a total value of practicalities was 92,14 (3) The average percentage of students response of 82,25 % and included in the criteria of good response. Based on the results of the test of validity, practicalities and students response can be concluded that media interactive learning that researchers  develop was valid, practical and appropriate to be used in high school. Keywords : Learning Media, AutoPlay Media Studio,Valid and Practical


A management frame protection method based on WLAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure (WAPI) includes the protection of a unicast management frame. The method includes following steps: a transmitter calculates a Message Integrity Code (MIC) of the unicast management frame's frame body with a Unicast Session Key (USK), then encrypts and encapsulates it; a receiver decrypts the message with the USK according to the procedure defined in the WAPI standard, and verifies the validity of the MIC in the MIC field; if the verification succeeds, which shows the message is not tampered illegally, then the receiver performs the operations according to the unicast management frame, otherwise the receiver discards the unicast management frame. The similar effect of protecting the multicast management frame with Multicast Session Key (MSK) can be achieved. The present invention enables the protection of unicast and multicast management frames, and protects network from attacks of forged management frames.


Differences in mean birth weight and low birth weight (< 2.5 Kg.) are analyzed among Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites who were enrolled in the Northern California Kaiser-Permanente Birth Defects Study, a prospective study of 29,415 pregnancy outcomes. Large differences in birth weight among babies of different ethnic groups persist after controlling for the joint effects of maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, sex of child, parity, length of prenatal care, and maternal weight-for-height percentile. Compared to Whites, the relative mean differences in birth weight are estimated as -246 grams for Blacks, -210 grams for Asians, -105 grams for Hispanics, and -140 grams for Others. The low birth weight rates and crude odds ratios are 7.70%. (2.17) for Blacks, 5.57% (1.57) for Asians 5.52% (1.55) for Others, 4.007. (1.13) for Hispanics, and 3.55% (1.00) for Whites. After controlling for the effects of 21 factors, the odds ratios for a low birth weight infant are 2.41 for Blacks, 1.37 for Asians, 1.93 for Others, and 1.25 for Hispanics. It is concluded that factors currently used to control for ethnic differences in birth weight are insufficient to explain the observed differences.


Aiming at reducing the bad effects of electrical fault on the equipment safety and economic efficiency in petrochemical enterprise,electric hidden danger examination and rectification work is carried out vigorously at the workshop.Through practice,a series of closed loop control strategy and methods to eliminate and investigate hidden electrical danger are formed which help to reduce electrical faults effectively. This is of certain value for reference and significance.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate walkability levels using popular indices and check the measurement reliability between those indices. This study evaluates the city of Seoul, using 100 × 100 m grid points (N = 44,000) as spatial units of analysis. In this study, four types of indices were used to measure walkability levels: Walkability index (WI), Walk score (WS), Pedshed (Ps), and Movability index (MI). This study utilizes Pearson's R, Brand–Altman plot with limit of agreement (LOA), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as reliability check methods. The measurement reliability among the four indices was found to be relatively high. The Pearson's R values were between 0.308 and 0.645, and the range of inside LOA of Brand–Altman plots was 94.5% to 95.5%. The ICC value of the four indices was 0.544, indicating moderate reliability. The results reveal a relatively high level of measurement reliability between the four indices. On the basis of this study's results, the level of walkability in other cities in Korea can be ascertained. The study may provide future direction for walkability index development that considers urban environmental characteristics. From the results, we expect that future urban planning and policies will aim to improve walkability.


The ultrastructure of the fertilized egg envelope from dark sleeper, Odontobutis obscurus interrupta belong to Eleotrididae was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The fertilized egg of dark sleeper was of transparent, ellipsoidal, adhesive and demersal type, and there were numerous oil droplets in the yolk sac and adhesive filaments in the area of the animal pole. The outer surface of egg envelope was smooth with pore canal. The fertilized egg envelope consisted of two layers, an outer nonadhesive layer and an inner layer, consisting of seven horizontal low electron-dense lamellae alternating with the middle electron dense interlamellae. These ultrastructural characters of fertilized egg envelope from dark sleeper can be utilized in taxonomy of teleost.


In this study, influences of the equity of compensation and the channel of compensation were empirically investigated in online service failures. Equity of compensation(recovery) was manipulated at three levels: equity (neither advantage nor disadvantage), advantageous inequity, and disadvantageous inequity. Channel of compensation was manipulated at two levels: personal and online. Data were collected using scenario method, Major findings were (1) there was a strong interaction between the equity and the channel of compensation and (2) only when compensation was equitable, compensation through human channel led to a higher level of customer satisfaction than compensation through online channel. Implications of the current study and the direction for future research were suggested.


The traditional Chinese medicine Infradiaphragmatic Stasis-Expelling Decoction (ISED) has been utilized to alleviate the symptoms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in China. However, the specific mechanism involved has still not been explored. The aim of the paper is to investigate the effects of ISED on NAFLD rats and reveal the potential mechanism. One-hundred rats were divided into model and control groups. The animals in the model group were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to establish the NAFLD model. The control animals were fed an ordinary diet. Twenty-five animals in the model group were selected as the ISED group at the beginning of the 9th week, and intragastrically administrated ISED (30 mg/kg.d) through the end of the 12th week. Ten rats in each group were sacrificed to collect liver tissues and blood at the end of the 10th and 12th weeks. The results showed that ISED significantly reduced the body weight, wet liver weight, and hepatosomatic index of the NAFLD rats. The ALT and AST activities, as well as the TC and TG contents in the serum in ISED group, were significantly lower than those in the model group. A lower steatosis level and fewer fatty areas in the liver tissues in the ISED group were observed compared to the model group. The microstructure of the liver tissues and cells in the ISED group was less damaged than the microstructure in the model group. A hemorheology assay showed that ISED administration decreased the platelet aggregation ratio and whole blood viscosity of the NAFLD rats as indicated by the reduction of the vWF, GPIIb/IIIa, fibrinogen, and CD62p contents in the serum. Taken together, our data suggest that ISED is effective in improving the symptoms of NAFLD in rats.


The invention discloses a special combination crucible cover for aluminium hydroxide calcination. The special combination crucible cover includes a crucible cover arranged on the upper end of the crucible; the crucible cover includes a lower crucible cover and an upper crucible cover; the lower end surface and upper end surface of the lower crucible cover are respectively equipped with a lower annular seal groove matched with the upper bead of the crucible and an upper annular seal groove matched with the lower end surface of the upper crucible cover; the lower annular seal groove is in relative position to the upper annular seal groove; the lower crucible cover in the region of the lower annular seal groove and the upper annular seal groove is equipped with a plurality of vertical gas pores; the upper crucible cover is an inverted cup body; the upper crucible cover covers on the upper annular seal groove of the lower crucible cover upside-down; and the annular wall of the upper crucible cover is equipped with a plurality of transverse gas pores at intervals. The special combination crucible cover has novel and reasonable structural design, and can effectively reduce loss of fine powder accompanied with volatile vapor in the aluminium hydroxide calcination process, increase the yield of alumina powder product by more than 3%, reduce volatilization of fine powder in calcination process, and improve the yield of alumina powder product.


In this study, bending and shear tests were conducted to understand the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beams formed by joining together two precast beam-end elements at the midspan using cast-in-place concrete with splice-bar joints of main bars. A total of 11 specimens were used, and the parameters were the strength of main bars and cast-in-place concrete, transverse reinforcement spacing and the amount of U-shaped reinforcement in the lap splices region. As a result of the test, a design method for splice-bar joints necessary for flexural yielding of beam ends was developed. Also, a bond splitting strength evaluation method taking into account the effect of U-shaped bars and the influence of the stress gradient, developed by modifying evaluation formulas currently in use, was proposed.


The prevalence and success of Deep Neural Network (DNN) applications in recent years have motivated research on DNN compression, such as pruning and quantization. These techniques accelerate model inference, reduce power consumption, and reduce the size and complexity of the hardware necessary to run DNNs, all with little to no loss in accuracy. However, since DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial inputs, it is important to consider the relationship between compression and adversarial robustness. In this work, we investigate the adversarial robustness of models produced by several irregular pruning schemes and by 8-bit quantization. Additionally, while conventional pruning removes the least important parameters in a DNN, we investigate the effect of an unconventional pruning method: removing the most important model parameters based on the gradient on adversarial inputs. We call this method Greedy Adversarial Pruning (GAP) and we find that this pruning method results in models that are resistant to transfer attacks from their uncompressed counterparts. Code is available at [1].


In the article, based on the analysis of philosophical concepts of K. Castoriadis, A. Badiou, S. Zizek, the essence of systemic violence is revealed as a destructive, repressive organization of social space, the result of which is the loss of the meaning of social action, alienation of a person from social and political practices.  It is noted that the idea of a gap is interpreted not as a source of violence, but as a means of restoring the political space and returning the politically minded and responsible actor, which makes it possible to talk about two types of violence in post-Marxism: negative (systemic) and positive (political). Within the framework of the post-Marxist philosophy, the return of political subject, the realization of the ideal of the emancipated society through social imagination, the construction of both a political subject and a new order of being by the event are considered as effective ways to limit systemic violence.


The best-selling new edition provides the most comprehensive coverage of the theory and skills required for working as a nursing assistant in acute, long-term or home health care settings. Now includes bar codes for accessing procedures, changes in health care delivery as well as latest CDC guidelines and OSHA regulations.


This paper focuses on the results of an experimental study about the formation and transport of ozone in the Madrid airshed. Data from a year survey on three rural stations show a transport of ozone, with concentrations often exceeding hourly values of 90 ppb, generated from daily photochemical reactions of precursors emitted in the metropolitan area, mainly during late spring and summer months. The mean ozone production within the urban plume is calculated on the basis of maximum downwind and upwind values on polluted days. The knowledge of prevailing surface wind flows during episodic summer conditions leads to a preliminary characterization of the dynamics of the polluted airmass. Finally, the vertical meteorological and ozone structure in episodic summer conditions is presented from soundings performed in July 1993. MEASURING SITES AND INSTRUMENTATION The Madrid Greater Area is located in the center of the Iberian Peninsula, within the airshed defined by a high mountain range of a maximum height of 2400 m. (Sierra de Guadarrama), 40 km away from the city and with a NW-SE orientation. The urban area is settled over a non homogeneous basin approximately 700 meters high. The metropolitan area has a population of 5 million inhabitants. Traffic, heating and small industries are the main pollutant sources. In the past, the city of Madrid has undergone serious pollution problems derived from coal consumption in domestic heating, and recently some studies have addressed the increasing photochemical pollution in the area (1). From November 1991 to December 1992, meteorological towers were deployed on five rural sites to document local flows as well as the Transactions on Ecology and the Environment vol 4, © 1994 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 340 Pollution Control and Monitoring interaction between wind field and topography in the basin. Simultaneously, continuous ozone and complementary NOx measurements were performed by means of automatic analyzers on three of these sites, approx. 30 km away from the urban center, Villanueva (620 m. ASL, West), Hoyo (1050 m. ASL, NW) and San Martin (515 ASL, SE). Additional available ozone data of three urban stations provided by the Town Council have also been analyzed: Casa de Campo (West), Moratalaz (E) and Avda. Aragon (NE). Figure 1 is a bidimensional view showing the topographical features of the Madrid airshed, the metropolitan area and the location of the three rural measuring sites and the three urban monitoring stations. During a week in July 1993, meteorological and ozone soundings up to a maximum height of 2 km. were carried out in the Villanueva site. Ozone measurements were performed using a Mast-Brewer electrochemical sonde. This sonde was previously calibrated in the laboratory in order to obtain the response factor of the sonde measuring known ozone concentrations in mixtures with dry and clean air. Laboratory and field tests of the sonde showed an accuracy of ±20%. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Surface measurements The series of hourly averaged NOx and 0% concentrations during 1992 on the rural and urban monitoring sites are summarized on table 1. The difference between rural and urban monitoring sites is clearly appreciable on the levels of NO and O% concentrations. Moratalaz and Avda. Aragon sites are located near busy roads and experience high levels of NO emitted by traffic. The urban station of Casa de Campo, located on a great park area, experiences the highest NOg values, and Villanueva presents the Og and NO% maximum values of the three rural sites. These two sites are located in the west of the metropolitan area. TABLE 1. Hourly averaged values during 1992 (ppb)


Social infrastructure plays an important role in creating conditions to meet the material and spiritual needs of the population, the reproduction of human capital, the integrated development of the territory. The subject of the research is the social infrastructure. The purpose of this article is to show the role of social infrastructure as a factor of sustainable development of the territory. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: to identify the essence and structure of social infrastructure, to show its role in the world economy and individual countries, to consider the main functions of social infrastructure. The following methods were used: descriptive, comparative to identify the essence of social infrastructure, analysis and synthesis to characterize its role in the world economy and individual countries, the system approach – to characterize the functions of social infrastructure in the sustainable development of the territory. The results obtained: it is revealed that currently there is no consensus definition of the category "social infrastructure" and its composition; it is shown that the traditional types of services are replenished by new services; the reproductive functions of social infrastructure are characterized. Conclusions: social infrastructure is actively developing in the world, which makes a significant contribution to GDP and employment of the population, sustainable development of the territory. However, the level of its development depends on a number of internal and external factors. It is necessary to develop an effective policy of social infrastructure development in each country of the world and its subregions.


This session was planned to compare the basic biological properties of the agent of trachoma with those of other more completely characterized agents of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group. Dr. Higashi and I will discuss the chemical composition, morphology, and mode of reproduction of the agent of meningopneumonitis, one of the most thoroughly studied members of the group, while Dr. Mitsui and Dr. Litwin will describe their investigations on the trachoma agent itself. My associates and I have studied the chemical composition of the Cal 10 strain of the agent of the meningopneumonitis purified from infected allantoic fluid (Jenkin, 1960; Rappaport et al., 1960; unpublished results). When this agent is grown under appropriate conditions in the allantoic cavity, new generations are released from the infected entodermal cells lining the cavity without extensive release of cell debris, and concentrates almost completely free of host-derived particles may be obtained by several cycles of high and low speed centrifugation. Our chief criterion for freedom from host contaminants has been the absence of particulate matter of recognizable host origin in electron micrographs such as the one shown in FIGURE 1. The judicious use of uninfected cell controls is also of critical importance in establishing that a given constituent or activity of a purified preparation is an intrinsic property of the agent and not of host cell origin. FIGURE 2 illustrates a major complicating factor in interpreting analytical data on the agent of meningopneumonitis. The purified preparations contain the two major morphological types seen in all mature intracellular populations. In air-dried preparations, they appear as small dense-centered bodies about 0.3 p in diameter and as larger particles 0.5 to 1.0 p in diameter, without a dense central body. Dr. Higashi and other speakers will show you that these two kinds of particles have different biological properties. Purified meningopneumonitis suspensions nearly always contain two large particles for each small one, so basic analytical values remain constant from one preparation to the next (TABLE 1). However, the relative contribution of each particle type to the total content of a given constituent is unknown. The two morphological types have been separated by cellulose anion chromatography and by starch elec* The work reported in this paper was supported by research grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, United States Public Health Service, from the United States Army Chemical Corps, Department of the Army, from the Dr. Wallace C. and Clara A. Abbott Memorial Fund of the University of Chicago, and from the Abbott Laboratories.


OBJECTIVE
This study aims to describe the prevalence rates of asthma symptoms in Brazil, its Regions and State capitals, according to data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, 2012. Furthermore, it aims to compare the prevalence of asthma in the capitals evaluated by PeNSE 2012 with previous results of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).

METHODS
Cross sectional study of 9th grade students at public and private schools of all Brazilian states and the Federal District (Brasília). A self reported questionnaire containing items from the ISAAC was applied in order to identify the presence of asthma symptoms.

RESULTS
The results of PeNSE indicate a high prevalence of asthma symptoms (23.2%) and of reports of a previous medical diagnosis of asthma (12.4%). Of the five state capitals in which the PeNSE results were compared to the ISAAC, São Paulo, Curitiba and Porto Alegre presented an increase in the prevalence of asthma symptoms. In Salvador, there was a reduction.

CONCLUSION
Brazil is among the countries with the highest prevalence of asthma in the world, and the prevalence is still growing.


The fast patrol boat (FPB) has played an important role in the cold war and inits aftermath. In recent years though, we have seen a development where theFPB:s are disappearing in nation after nation. The American naval theoristMilan N. Vego claims that the FPB:s have a natural role in naval operations innarrow seas during wartime. This essay is trying to answer the question ofwhether this is also true in peace support operations (PSO).Since wartime operations and PSO:s differ in both it's goals and it's methods Ihad to break down the methods in to functions. The functions are; anti surfacewarfare (ASuW), anti submarine warfare (ASW), anti air warfare (AAW), minecounter measurements (MCM), command and control (C²) and other functions.To answer the question I started to examine the abilities of the FPB:s, to findout it's strengths and it's weaknesses. In the next step I described and examinedthe demands in a PSO with emphasis on the naval tasks. I also tried toanticipate what future PSO:s will probably look like.My next step was to examine the three known cases where FPB:s haveparticipated in PSO:s. Each case was studied and described as a separate case.Finally I have tried to value to what extent the wartime functions have beenused in the studied PSO:s. I then discussed what functions I deemed wasnecessary in order to conduct the PSO:s. My next step was to estimate whetherthe studied cases corresponds to estimated future PSO:s.My conclusion is that the FPB:s are a valuable asset in PSO as well as inwartime operations. The reason for the decline of FPB:s in European navies hasnot been answered in this essay, nor the consequences. This is an interestingsubject for further investigation.


The soil microbiome is an important component of wetland ecosystems and plays a pivotal role in nutrient cycling and climate regulation. Nitrogen (N) addition influences the soil's microbial diversity, composition, and function by affecting the soil's nutrient status. The change in soil bacterial diversity and composition in temperate wetland ecosystems in response to high ammonium nitrogen additions remains unclear. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to study the changes of soil bacterial diversity and community structure with increasing ammonium concentrations [CK (control, 0 kg ha−1 a−1), LN (low nitrogen addition, 40 kg ha−1 a−1), and HN (high nitrogen addition, 80 kg ha−1 a−1)] at a field experimental site in the Sanjiang Plain wetland, China. Our results showed that except for soil organic carbon (SOC), other soil physicochemical parameters, i.e., soil moisture content (SMC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), total nitrogen (TN), pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), changed significantly among three ammonium nitrogen addition concentrations (p < 0.05). Compared to CK, LN did not change soil bacterial α-diversity (p > 0.05), and HN only decreased the Shannon (p < 0.05) and did not change the Chao (p > 0.05) indices of soil bacterial community. Ammonium nitrogen addition did not significantly affect the soil's bacterial community structure based on non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and PERMANOVA (ADONIS) analyses. Acidobacteriota (24.96–31.11%), Proteobacteria (16.82–26.78%), Chloroflexi (10.34–18.09%), Verrucomicrobiota (5.23–11.56%), and Actinobacteriota (5.63–8.75%) were the most abundant bacterial phyla in the soils. Nitrogen addition changed the complexity and stability of the bacterial network. SMC, NO3−, and pH were the main drivers of the bacterial community structure. These findings indicate that enhanced atmospheric nitrogen addition may have an impact on bacterial communities in soil, and this study will allow us to better understand the response of the soil microbiome in wetland ecosystems in the framework of increasing nitrogen deposition.


The present investigation deals with a study of the accounting process carried out at the Association of Medical Specialties "La Dolorosa", enabling the assessment of your financial information directly to enable taking real and timely decisions and interested partners based on United financial.

Among the relevant data can be seen that the accounting period studied has certain shortcomings in not presenting an accounting process in the first quarter, having done collecting information from source documents showing that several accounting principles established by law are not met. Hypothetical deductive method was used to demonstrate how to bring the accounting process, based on field research and documented files are visualized.


Recently CFG pile composite foundation technology is applied in the soft soil foundation of road engineering.However,embankment is regarded as a kind of flexible base in these projects,which is different from the assumption of rigid foundation of CFG pile composite technique.Analysis was made by ABAQUS large general finite element software on the influence of pile length,pile soil modulus ratio,cushion thickness and modulus,embankment soil modulus,modulus ratio of pile-end soil and soil between piles on pile-soil stress ratio of CFG pile composite foundation with flexible base.


Yunnan Gejiu Tin-Copper polymetallic ore-concentrating district is one of the most impotrant Tin-Copper polymetallic ore-concentrating districts.This paper analyses resource potential of this ore-concentrating district in many respects,and indicats prospecting direction.


The purpose, meaning, applied method and effect by implement of "the Control Network Plan of Time Coordinate for Hazardous Resource " are all stated in the paper.


largely content to employ the most conventional techniques of European art, even as they brought about the most far-reaching changes in its content and formal structure, he experimented constantly with materials and methods whose novelty would match that of his vision of modern life. But on the other hand, while his colleagues accepted the limitations of the relatively simple traditional techniques they used, enjoying the spontaneity of expression these afforded, he longed for the virtuosity and mystery he associated with the more complex methods of the old masters, blaming their loss on the shallow materialism of his own age. He could delight in the search for new procedures and remark with disdain, when told of another artist's satisfaction at having "found" his method, "Heureusement que moi, je n'ai pas trouve ma maniere; ce que je m'embeterais."' But he could also despair of his ignorance, asserting to the young Rouault, "a propos de


Human ribosomal gene (hrDNA) targeting vectors ( 10~ 14 kb) constructed by the group are novel non-viral vectors which could specifically integrate into the ribosomal loci and characterized by their security and stable expression of therapeutic genes. However, the low transfection efficiency handicapped their clinical application. Although nuclear localization signals (NLS) could facilitate the nuclear entry of non-viral vectors and improve the transfection efficiency, the expression of therapeutic gene varied dramatically with the coupling methods and the type of chemistry used. The hrDNA vectors were conjugated by succinimidyl[4(psoralen-8-yloxy)]butyrate (SPB) with Simian Virus 40 NLS (SV 40 NLS) peptide through electrostatic interaction efficiently, which could protect the plasmid DNA(pDNA) from degradation of DNase. The polyethylenimine (PEI), which is an economical and low toxic polymer and wildly used in vivo gene therapy, was employed to transfect the primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). When conjugated with NLS peptide, the 12 kb hrDNA emerged in the nucleus within 60 min under the view of confocal microscopy. The GFP fluorescence analysis by flow cytometry showed that the transfection efficiency was increased to 4~ 5 folds. In conclusion, an effective procedure was developed to improve the non-viral transfection efficiency and promise the preclinical trial of hrDNA vectors.


Formation and tracking control are critical for of today's vehicle applications in and this will be true for future vehicle technologies as well. Although the general function of these controls is for data collection and military applications, formation and tracking control may be applied to automobiles, drones, submarines, and spacecraft. The primary application here is the investigation of formation keeping and tracking solutions for realistic, real-time, and multi-vehicle simulations. This research explores the creation of a predictive navigation and control algorithm for formation keeping and tracking, raw measurement data collection, and building a real-time GNSS closed HWIL testbed for simulations of different vehicles. The L1 frequency band of the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation is used to observe and generate raw measurement data that encompasses range, pseudo-range, and Doppler frequency. The closed HWIL simulations are implemented using Spirent's Communication Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) 6560 and 8000 hardware simulators along with Ashtech, G-12 and DG-14, and Novetel OEM 628 receivers. The predictive navigation control is similar to other visionbased tracking techniques, but relies mainly on vector projections that are controlled by acceleration, velocity magnitude, and direction constraints to generate realistic motion. The current state of the testbed is capable of handling one or more vehicle applications. The testbed can model simulations up to 24 hours. The vehicle performance during simulations can be customized for any required precision by setting a variety of vehicle parameters. The testbed is built from basic principles and is easily upgradable for future expansions or upgrades. GNSS Hardware-In-The-Loop Formation and Tracking Control Frederick Bernard Harris Jr. General Audience Abstract This thesis work pertains to simulated one-way formation tracking and control using a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) hardware and software. Virtual simulations are important for testing because they have the capability of modeling realistic vehicle behavior for both the target and follower vehicles. Performing these simulations can ensure that vehicle prototypes or designs can meet the performance requirements for travel. The primary application entailed here is the investigation of formation keeping and tracking solutions for realistic, real-time, and multi-vehicle simulations. This research explores the creation of a predictive navigation and control algorithm for formation keeping and tracking, raw measurement data collection, and building a realtime GNSS closed hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) testbed for simulations of different vehicles using GPS and navigation principles. The closed HWIL simulations are implemented using Spirent's Communication GNSS 6560 and 8000 hardware simulators along with Ashtech, G-12 and DG-14, and Novetel OEM 628 receivers. Along with space applications, this research has applications outside the space environment in automated automobile travel using GPS that motor companies are investigating for the new


It is important for subway construction and safe management to study the underground structure deformation during a strong earthquake. The shaking table model test is done for the typical subway sta-tion structure in soil on the basis of the geological conditions of Beijing, and the numerical calculation is made by FLAC2D.Based on the analysis of the deformation of the subway station structure, the following conclusions are drawn:the peak deformation value increases with the earthquake intensity; the strain peak and the deflection peak curvature are larger at two ends than at the middle of the midpile, so it's prone to damage at the ends; the curvature of the sidewall deflection peak curve basically keeps constant and the sidewalls form a box type structure, so its damage may be prevented; according to the test data, the strain varies around the zero point, and the strain curves at the sidewall are similar to that under the shock load.


The Strained-Layer-Superlattice (SLS) is an important new class of semiconductor material. This new semiconductor material has many novel and tailorable properties that can be used to make new or improved optoelectronic (OE) devices. At Sandia National Laboratories we have fabricated and tested Light-Emitting-Diodes (LED's), Lasers, Detectors and other OE SLS devices. Data is presented on these devices. Novel infrared and photovoltaic device concepts are also described.


A new entropy coder, the RI-coder. based on the classical TRL code, is proposed. Unlike the ATRL coder, which is blockwise adaptive, the M-coder is a bit by bit adaptive coder. To accomplish this, the M-coder requires a probability estimation scheme for the symbols to be coded. In this way, the M-coder can be compared to the Q-coder, with an easier implementation.


In the title compound, [Ru2(C10H14)2Cl2(C16H8N4)](PF6)2·2C3H6O, the binuclear RuII complex dication, [{RuCl(η6-cym)}2(μ-tape)]2+, built up by a planar 1,6,7,12-tetraazaperylene (tape) bridge, two η6-bound cymene (cym) ligands and two chloride ligands, includes an inversion center. The RuII atom shows the typical piano-stool motif for arene coordination. The counter-charge is provided by a hexafluoridophosphate anion and the asymmetric unit is completed by an acetone molecule of crystallization. The components of the structure are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by C—H⋯O/F/Cl interactions.


The ultimate goal of HRM is human resource allocation.The human resource allocation in government departments has its own limitation.In this paper,the contradiction of human resource allocation in Nanjing rent system was analyzed in the relationship between human resource supply and demand for the sake of finding out the cause.


This research reveals the changing sounds of articles in the Job Creation Law and analysis according to Maslahah Mursalah. The purpose of this research is to find out the parts of the Job Creation Law in Indonesia that are detrimental and have a bad impact on one of the parties (labor). Indonesian government has simplified through an omnibus law in which there are several laws that have been trimmed to make it more efficient. The concept of this omnibus law is in the form of a job creation law that has 11 clusters, one of which regulates employment. Then socialization and study are needed to avoid these conflicts and losses. This research uses a normative juridical approach method, namely research by examining library materials (library research). The conclusion of this study is that changes in the regulations of several articles contained in the Job Creation Law still have a bad impact on workers or workers if applied to the company and its employees. This is inconsistent with the theory of maslahah mursalah, which is to attach importance to the lives of many people or more of detriment than benefits to labor.Key words: Job Creation Law, Labor Protection, Maslahah Mursalah


Bottom cultivation of mussels on intertidal flats is practiced throughout the world. This often generates conflicts between commercial interests and competing birds such as oystercatchers. At the Menai Strait, United Kingdom, the overwinter consumption of 242 tonnes (1 metric tonne = 1000 kg) of commercially harvestable mussels (>40 mm) by oystercatchers in 1999–2000 was worth £133 000 ($226 000 U.S. dollars). This represents 19% of the value of the landings. We used a behavior-based simulation model to predict the extent to which such losses can be reduced by novel commercial management practices, and to explore the consequences for the oystercatcher population. Simulations of novel lay management practices indicated that the losses of commercially harvestable mussels to oystercatchers can be considerably reduced by altering the shore level and/or extent of the commercial lays. We propose a novel management strategy for the bottom cultivation of mussels in intertidal areas. Seed mussels (15–20 mm) should...


The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the inhibitory action and quality-improvement functions of sweetness inhibitor, Na±2-(4-Methoxyphenoxy) propanoate (Na-PMP) in pound cakes. Na-PMP was first used to evaluate the intensity of sweetness in different concentrations of sucrose and fructose solutions: Na-PMP (250 and 500 ppm) was added to the model solutions of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% sucrose and the equi-sweetness levels of fructose with the sucrose solutions. Both concentrations of Na-PMP significantly modified the sweetness intensity for both model solutions. For practical application of Na-PMP, different levels of sucrose (10, 20, and 30%) were added to the basic recipe (a control) of pound cake preparation. Excessive sweetness due to the addition of high levels of sucrose to the basic recipe was modified by the addition of Na-PMP, which resulted in equi-sweetness as the control (p<0.05). Moreover, Na-PMP improved the texture and shelf-life of the pound cake.


1. If PQRS be an Hyperbola, OE, OF its asymptotes, P, Q, R, S any points on it such that the sectorial area OPQ = sectorial area ORS; and if PA, QB, RC, SD be ordinates to one asymptote and parallel to the other, it is known that Hence if A, B, C … be taken so that OA, OB, OC … are in continued proportion, the areas OPQ, OQR, ORS … are all equal, and since the number of points can be made as large as we please, the sum of the sectorial areas can be made as large as we please. ∴ The area between an asymptote, the curve, and any radius vector is infinite.


Water inrush and mud outburst always restricts the tunnel constructions in mountain area, which becomes a major geological barrier against the development of underground engineering. In view of the complex disaster-causing mechanism and difficult quantitative predictions of water inrush and mud outburst, several theoretical methods are adopted to realize dynamic assessment of water inrush in the progressive process of tunnel construction. Concerning both the geological condition and construction situation, eleven risk factors are quantitatively described and an assessment system is developed to evaluate the water inrush risk. In the static assessment, the weights of eight risk factors about the geological condition are determined using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Each factor is scored by experts and the synthesis scores are weighted. The risk level is ultimately determined based on the scoring outcome which is derived from the sum of products of weights and comprehensive scores. In the secondary assessment, the eight risk factors in static assessment and three factors about construction situation are quantitatively analyzed using fuzzy evaluation method. Subordinate levels and weight of factors are prepared and then used to calculate the comprehensive subordinate degree and risk level. In the dynamic assessment, the classical field of the eleven risk factors is normalized by using the extension evaluation method. From the input of the matter-element, weights of risk factors are determined and correlation analysis is carried out to determine the risk level. This system has been applied to the dynamic assessment of water inrush during construction of the Yuanliangshan tunnel of Yuhuai Railway. The assessment results are consistent with the actual excavation, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the software. The developed system is believed capable to be back-up and applied for risk assessment of water inrush in the underground engineering construction.