rofessional travel is almost always a wonderful experience because it opens new worlds and stimulates new thinking. I enjoyed two such episodes recently. Each one opened a door to new technologies that will be important to the future of our industry. My plant improvement colleagues, Fred Gmitter and Jude Grosser, and I traveled with four representatives of the Florida citrus industry to South Africa for a two-week tour in early May. Our main host was Graham Barry. We studied certain aspects of their scion variety introduction and management system along with commercial production techniques. Why South Africa? Because while ranking number 13 in production, SouthAfrica ranks second in export of fresh fruit. Therefore, the real answer is that their fruit industries, including citrus, are very competitive in the world marketplace. To maintain that position with fresh fruit, citrus growers are ever vigilant to discover modern technologies and adapt them quickly to their best advantage. South African growers produce oranges, lemons, Clementines among other mandarins, and some grapefruit. These are shipped mostly to Europe, but also to other parts of the northern hemisphere. Premiums are placed on many fruit characteristics including quantity and size, but it is equally, if not more important, that the right varieties are grown to service their traditional and new markets.


A 600 MHz superscalar Alpha microprocessor contains separate integer and floating-point issue units. The integer issue unit selects up to four data-ready instructions to issue out of a 20-entry queue. The floating-point issue unit, similarly, selects two instructions out of a separate 15-entry queue. Though their operation is similar, the two queues required different tradeoffs to meet design goals. This paper first describes functions common to both queues, then discusses specific tradeoffs made in the implementation of each queue's stall control circuits.


This paper presents a vibration-based structural health monitoring (SHM) technique using a high sensitive wireless sensor node for caisson-type breakwater. To achieve the objective, the following approaches are implemented. Firstly, vibration-based SHM method is selected for caisson-type breakwater. The feasibility of the vibration-based SHM method is examined for the caisson structure by FE analysis. Foundation loss damage is considered as the damage of caisson-type breakwater. Secondly, a wireless SHM system with a high sensitive wireless sensor node is designed. The sensor node is built on an imote2 platform. The vibration-based SHM method is embedded on the sensor node. Finally, the performance of the wireless SHM technique is estimated from experimental tests on a lab-scaled caisson. The vibration responses and damage monitoring results are compared with the proposed wireless system and conventional wired system.


The Office of Telematics of the National Police's fundamental advise and promote technological development of the institution in the areas of IT and telecommunications through research, implementation, management and support, in order to standardize procedures and innovate the purpose telematics infrastructure to support policing.


A method of forming a heat seal that is capable coating on at least one orientation substrate on which is formed from the polymer is shown. Method, (A) at least one thermoplastic resin; depositing a include (C) water, the substrate an aqueous polymer dispersion having a pH of less than 12; (B) at least one dispersing agent comprising a step, and forming a first layer by drying the dispersion.


Despite extensive research and numerous publications biomarkers have yet to fulfill their promise as prognostic indicators that can be widely used in the care of patients with heart failure. Specific clinical applications need to be identified for informative analyses of data that emphasize the most directly applicable measures of predictive performance.


This paper proposed a simple model for the delay jitter that was fast enough to be used in networks design algorithms.It took into account the packets delay correlation and also the correlation of tandem queues that had a significant impact on the end-to-end jitter.It presentd simple formulas for the jitter of Poisson traffic in a single queue that could be calculated quickly.It then extended them to the end-to-end jitter of a tagged stream based on a tandem queueing network.It could find analytical values were simulation values are consistent by network simulation,and very accurate for Poisson traffic over a wide range of traffic loads.More importantly they yield conservative values for the jitter so that they can be used in network design procedures.


Paper withdrawn by the author after learning that its main conclusion was given earlier in a slightly different language in Appendix D of A. J. Buras, R. Fleischer, S. Recksiegel, and F.Schwab, hep-ph/0402112.


In field trials in the winter (rabi) season of 1978-9 on a black cotton soil, DM accumulation was greater and LAI and plant ht. less in sorghum cv. CSH 168 than in cv. CSH 6. Albedo values were higher at dawn and dusk than at midday and were higher in cv. CSH 168 than in cv. CSH 6, indicating that more energy was available in CSH 6 for evapotranspiration. Greater DM production, LAI and rate of loss of soil moisture were associated with higher albedo. Max. reflection of solar radiation occurred at 800 nm in the near IR, with a lower peak at 550 nm in the visible waveband. Similar results were obtained in the rainy (kharif) season


Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSC) are mainly in the bone marrow and also have the capacity for multipotentiality for differentiation.MSC have the potential to form tumors after transplantation.MSC spontaneously malignant transform under the induction of carcinogen or being cultured in vitro.MSC have effects on tumor cell growth.MSC are initially distributed uniformly in the tumor tissue.MSC play an important role in the development and growth of tumor.It can serve as a vehicle of gene therapy for targeting tumors.


The synthesis and basic characterisation are reported for 85 new solids of the general formula [ML{sub x}][Ln(dipic){sub 3}]{center_dot}nH{sub 2}O (M = Cr or Co; L = urea, ammonia, and various amines; Ln = La-Lu, plus Y; dipic = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate). Syntheses of some seven Cs{sub 3}[Ln(dipic){sub 3}] and [N(C{sub 2}H{sub 5}){sub 4}]{sub 3}[Ln(dipic){sub 3}] species are also given. Low-temperature luminescence measurements on a variety of these compounds and full X-ray crystallographic structure determinations for Cs{sub 3}[Eu(dipic){sub 3}]{center_dot}9H{sub 2}O (orthorhombic, space group C222{sub 1}; a = 10.165(2), b = 18.164(4), c = 18.724(4) {angstrom}; Z = 4; R{sub 1} = 0.041 for 1573 {open_quotes}observed{close_quotes} reflections) and [Co(sar)][Eu(dipic){sub 3}]{center_dot}13H{sub 2}O (monoclinic, space group P2{sub 1}/n; a = 10.611(4), b = 26.500(10), c = 17.583(7) {angstrom}; {beta} = 91.97(3){degrees}; Z = 4; R{sub 1} = 0.037 for 7695 {open_quotes}observed{close_quotes} reflections) are described to illustrate the range and complexity of the physical properties of these new materials. Both Cr(III) and Co(III) act as very efficient quenchers of the normally strong [Eu/Tb(dipic){sub 3}]{sup 3{minus}} luminescence, though in at least one system it appears that Cr(III) may act to transfer excitation energy to Ln excited states from its own higher levels while simultaneously deactivating the Ln ionmore » through its lower (doublet) states.« less


This thesis deals with the predictive control of uncertain linear systems in presence of unknown and time-varying input delays. Some observation solutions are proposed to estimate the state and the delay. In addition, new predictive techniques that allows to overcome usual weak points of predictive control are presented. The efficiency of these new methods is tested experimentally on a DC motor.


Article discusses issues concerning diagnosing and researching fuel unit injectors (UI). This fuel system has been taken off in automobiles but the problems with diagnosing and research is still actually. Motorized vehicles with fuel unit injector system were manufactured until 2010 but lorries are still producing. Only one automotive concern VW put in this system to motorized vehicles in Europe. The 1.9 TDI engines have PDE 1 (UI) and 1.4 TDI, 2.0 TDI engines have PDE 2 (UI). Unit injector is device which main tasks are spray and distribute fuel in combustion chamber of Diesel engine. Unit fuel injector is built with three sections: fuel injection nozzle complex, electromagnet unit and pump part. Injection nozzle complex is common mechanical one spring injector. That research is on check and eventually adjusts open pressure. Electromagnet units are non-dismantle and non-repair, but there is possibility dismantle and clean it. Electromagnet unit affects injection dosages and module BIP (being of injection period) unit fuel injection. The task of pump part is fuel damming until demanding values. The pump part makes up piston with and main body, spring and protect flat piece of metal. Theoretically, also this element is non-repair. Main unit fuel injector work parameters are injection dosages values and signal BIP. During fuel unit injectors research checks injection dosages with varies settings (rotation speed, injection time). These parameters are similar to engine work on idle speed (idle speed dosage), pilot dosage, middle and full load dosage.


We report laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) measurements of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) and magnesium-oxide-doped PPLN (MgO:PPLN) in the femtosecond pulse duration regime at 1030 nm with 100 kHz and 75 MHz repetition rate. PPLN and MgO:PPLN crystals with broadband Nb2O5/SiO2 AR coatings for 1.4 - 1.8 um spectral range were used. S-on-1 test for LIDT measurements were performed. S was equal to 106 and 4.56*1010 pulses for 100 kHz CPA laser system and 75 MHz oscillator, respectively. Evaluated LIDT was 20 mJ/cm2 for 290 fs pulses at 100 kHz repetition rate and 0.63 mJ/cm2 for 105 fs pulses at 76 MHz repetition rate.


Periodical testing and inspections of sprayers are considered an essential tool in reduction and correct use of plant protection products. Therefore in many European countries, as well as in some Italian regions, these tests are compulsory. The tests are carried out according to standard methodologies, where the machinery safety is not directly included in the inspection. The aim of the paper is to stress which points of testing methodology are directly or indirectly related to the operator safety and which points are susceptible to be modified or implemented in the methodology in order to enhance the safety of spraying for the farmer. After both an analytical analysis of the methodology and the potential risks of spraying for the farmer, some suggestions are given in the paper in order to better clarify this issue and a proposal of integration of periodical inspections with safety control of the machinery is given.


Air-cooling and dry machining are both being trialled as possible solutions to the metal cutting industry's long running problems of extending tool life, reducing tool failure and minimising the heat generation at the tool tip. To date, large amounts of expensive coolant which cause both environmental damage and health hazards have had to be used. The introduction of dry machining is the goal of today's metal cutting industry that tirelessly endeavours to reduce machining costs and impact from chemicals in the environment. Modern tool tips are already capable of maintaining their cutting edge at higher temperatures, but even with these improvements in tool materials, the cutting edge will eventually break down. Applying cold air to the tool interface of these modern tool tips will also help prolong their tool life reducing the cost of metal cutting. Dry machining incorporating air being directed on to the tool interface is considered in this paper as a possible alternative for harmful liquid-based cooling. However, low convective heat removal rates associated with conventional air- cooling methods are generally inadequate for dissipating intense heat generation in the cutting processes and suitable improved cooling methodologies have yet to be established.


【Objective】 LED(light emitting diodes) as light sources was used in this study to investigate the effect of intermittently monochromatic light stimuli during the embryogenesis on breast muscle growth,chemical composition,and meat quality of male broiler chicks.【Method】 Fertile broiler eggs(Arbor Acres,n=1 480) were preweighed and randomly assigned into one of the three treatment groups in 3 modified incubators: 1) monochromatic green light group(560 nm,n=490),2) monochromatic blue light group(480 nm,n=490) and 3) control group(in dark condition,n =500).Light intensity was 15 lx at the eggshell level,and was intermittent at 15 min on and 15 min off.After hatching,120 male chicks from each group were placed in 6 replicates with 20 birds each.All the birds were housed under normal white light(30 lx at bird-head level) with a light schedule of 23L﹕1D.【Result】 No significant differences in the hatchability,birth weight and feed intake among all groups were observed(P0.05).Compared to birds in blue or dark group,BW in green light group was significantly increased at 21 d and 42 d of age(P0.05).The breast muscle weight and breast muscle percentages in birds incubated under green light were significantly elevated by 38.3 g,0.67%,and 44.6 g,0.78% than those in the dark condition or blue group at 42 d of market age(P0.05),respectively.In green light group,feed conversion ratio during 0-42 d was lower than that in the dark condition or blue group(P0.05).No significant differences in the contents of breast moisture,CP,crude fat or crude ash among all groups were observed(P0.05).There was a trend toward green light stimuli increasing drip loss(P=0.10) and cooking loss(P=0.07).In addition,blue light induced a higher b* value of 24-h meat color than that in the dark condition or green light group(P=0.05).【Conclusion】Intermittently green light(15 lx) stimuli during the embryogenesis enhanced the posthatch BW of male broilers,increased breast muscle growth,and improved feed conversion ratio,but did not cause any significant changes in breast chemical composition,or any noticeable changes in overall meat quality characteristics except for a decreasing trend in water-holding capacity.


The microbial quality control of 41 solutions or suspensions for internal use and of 8 radiopaque media was investigated by the test method described in PAB Notification No.297 (valid on April 1, 1976). All of the 49 pharmaceutical products tested met the standard requirements provided in the Notification, so that they are considered to be under good microbial quality control. Most of the sample solutions of radiopaque media were turbid and were difficult to be put to the test for microbial count. In this point, the test method for the microbial count is desired to be improved. A test method of estimating the possible antimicrobial activity of products is also desired to be standardized, because the antimicrobial activity may affect the final results of the tests in the Notification.


Biochemical investigation of 3-substituted and condensed with bioactive azaheterocycle chromen-2-ones (coumarins) was performed to assess toxic effects and effects on blood coagulation system. The group of compounds studied in the initial period of time behaves like the well-known anticoagulant warfarin and exhibits insignificant toxic effect.


In a sample of 125 boys and girls registered at 8, 11 and 15 years of age the curvature of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine was studied. Cervical lordosis was calculated from the second, fourth and sixth vertebra on lateral skull radiographs. Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured using a kyphometer. The results showed a decrease in the cervical lordosis and an increase in thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis with increasing age in both sexes. In order to eliminate the systematic effects of sex and age a multiple stepwise regression analysis providing residuals corrected for the above mentioned variables was employed. When the entire sample was analysed again a highly significant correlation between thoracic and lumbar curvature was obtained. An almost significant, negative correlation was found between the inclination of the lower part of the cervical spine to a true vertical and the thoracic curvature. An almost significant correlation was also obtained between the inclination of the upper and lower part of the cervical spine to a true vertical, however no correlation was found between thoracic kyphosis and cervical lordosis. An almost significant, negative correlation was furthermore found between the upper part of the cervical spine and the lumbar spine.


The coding sequence of galectin-13 were cloned from tissure of piglet.The gene expression of galectin-13 were amplified by RT-PCR in various piglet tissues.The fold change of galectin-13 mRNA was detemined by Realtime PCR compared between pre-and post-weaning piglet gastrointestinal tract.The result showed that the full length of galectin-13 was 548 bp,and accepted by GenBank(Accession.NM_001142841).Galectin-13 mRNA expression was intensely expressed in most tissures and was significantly raised in duodenum and ileum after weaning(P0.05).


The disruptive communications technologies to higher educational structures today mimics the disruptive nature of ideological advances to learning technologies that were experienced in past decades regarding higher education. Online cloud computing in the areas of interactions, communication, social networking, and online information resources are applicable technologies to higher education. Educational establishments have the option of offering virtual online educational experiences as well as credentials that challenge traditional modes and practices of many colleges and universities. The dilemma facing educational structures is to recognize which conditions and practices need to be restructured into the learning environment and what cultural norms need establishing regarding these new technologies. This chapter is organized by situating education and academia within a technological/historical-ideological context, follow the global progression and distribution of communications technologies as disruptive technologies, and applying social network theory in establishing cultural practices as articulating global revolutionary/counterrevolutionary practices of virtual education. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-0134-5.ch014


This paper describes a work in progress, which investigates concepts of teaching, learning and understanding. The target group investigated is pre-service teachers at Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia. Other areas investigated were, the dynamics of teaching Indigenous Australian Studies (cross-culturally), the benefits to formal learning in relation to 'informal' knowledge and learning outcomes as perceived by the target group. Results of my research found that students view Indigenous Australian Studies as a precarious area to study, but then discovered that through the Indigenous teaching and student-centered approach (U-ME-US), changes in learning and understanding transpired. That is, students gained an immense satisfaction and a reshaping of their previous knowledge. The most interesting result indicated that the benefits expressed by students through their shift in understanding replaced their insecurities about Indigenous Australians and the hesitancy to engage in 'Aboriginal' issues. It is proposed that U-ME-US locates the institution one step closer to student-centered learning.


One of the most energetic gamma-ray bursts, GRB 110731A, was observed from an optical to GeV energy range. Previous analysis of the prompt phase revealed similarities between the Large Area Telescope (LAT) bursts observed by Fermi: (1) a delayed onset of the high-energy emission ( > 100 ?> MeV), (2) a short-lasting bright peak at later times, and (3) a temporally extended component from this phase, lasting hundreds of seconds. Additionally to the prompt phase, multiwavelength observations over different epochs showed that the spectral energy distribution was better fitted by a wind afterglow model. We present a leptonic model based on an early afterglow that evolves in a stellar wind of its progenitor. We apply this model to interpret the temporally extended LAT emission and the brightest LAT peak exhibited by the prompt phase of GRB 110731A. Additionally, using the same set of parameters, we describe the multiwavelength afterglow observations. The origin of the temporally extended LAT, X-ray, and optical flux is explained through synchrotron radiation from the forward shock (FS) and the brightest LAT peak is described, evoking the synchrotron self-Compton emission from the reverse shock (RS). The bulk Lorentz factor required in this model (Γ ≃ 520) lies in the range of values demanded for most LAT-detected GRBs. We show that the strength of the magnetic field in the RS region is ∼50 times stronger than that in the FS region. This result suggests that, for GRB 110731A, the central engine is likely entrained with strong magnetic fields.


Three ewes and three wethers fed high (0.59%) or low (0.18%) calcium diets containing 0.30% magnesium and 0.48% phosphorus were used to determine the effects of intravenous infusion of noradrenaline on plasma levels of Ca, inorganic P and Mg. The contribution of urinary mineral excretions to changes in plasma mineral concentrations induced by noradrenaline infusion were also studied. Sheep were intravenously infused with noradrenaline in saline at 1.5μg/kg・BW/min for 2 hours. Blood samples were taken from jugular catheters prior to the infusion and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 hours after the onset of infusion. Urine samples of ewes fed the low calcium diet were obtained at one hour intervals for 4 hours following the onset of noradrenaline infusion. Plasma Ca and Mg levels were decreased by the intravenous infusion of noradrenaline. Lowest mean values of plasma Ca and Mg across dietary calcium treatments were 85 and 80% of initial values 2 hours after the onset of infusion, respectively, and were significantly different from the saline infusion (P<0.05). Plasma inorganic P was also decreased by the noradrenaline infusion and the lowest value was observed 4 hours after the onset of noradrenaline infusion. There was no significant difference for these values between sheep on low or high calcium diets. Plasma FFA levels were rapidly increased by the noradrenaline infusion, and showed about six times initial values an hour after the onset of infusion. Three-fold increases in plasma glucose levels were observed 2 hours after the onset of noradrenaline infusion. Urinary Ca excretions increased significantly (P<0.05) an hour after the onset of noradrenaline infusion compared with those of the saline infusion, but the increase was about one mg/hour. Inorganic P and Mg excretions were not changed by the noradrenaline infusion. These results indicate that the infusion of noradrenaline caused decreases in plasma levels of Ca, inorganic P and Mg which were accompanied by increases in FFA and glucose levels. Changes in urinary excretions of these minerals could not account for the observed lower plasma levels of Ca, inorganic P and Mg induced by the infusion of noradrenaline. Dietary calcium levels did not affect the decreases in plasma mineral concentrations induced by noradrenaline. Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 54 (1): 52-59, 1983 Recently, increased catecholamine release in ruminants has been cited as possible factor in the development of hypomagnesemia1,2). Noradrenaline infusion induced hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in sheep3,4), and adrenaline administration caused hypomagnesemia in ewes1). Urinary excretion of Mg is considered to be a primary regulator of plasma Mg in ruminants. It is possible that catecholamine infusion Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 54 (1): 52-59 52 1983 Noradrenaline and Plasma Mineral Concentration increases urinary excretions of Ca and Mg and results in hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. However, no attempt to study the relationship between plasma Ca and Mg concentrations and urinary excretions of these minerals after catecholamine infusion has been conducted. Many studies have shown a close relationship between hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in ruminants5-7). Although hormonal control of Mg homeostasis is not as extensive as that for Ca, plasma Mg seems to be regulated by endocrine glands such as the parathyroid8,9). WISE et al. reported that a low Ca, high P ration led to a decrease in serum Mg values10). The lower Ca intake may increase parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion of ruminants11,12) Therefore, the dietary Ca level may affect the hypomagnesemic effect of catecholamine. The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effects of noradrenaline infusion on plasma Ca, inorganic P and Mg concentrations and to study the contribution of urinary excretions of these minerals to changes in plasma mineral concentrations. Materials and Methods Three ewes and three wethers, weighing about 34 and 39kg, respectively, were housed in individual pens. Each diet shown in Table 1 was given at approximate 2.0% of body weight at 16:30 daily to meet the maintenance requirements of all nutrients except for Ca in the low calcium diet. Water was provided ad libitum except on trial days. The experiment was divided into two periods. In the first period, three ewes were fed the low calcium diet, and three wethers were fed the high calcium diet for at least 30 days prior to establishing a base value by a saline infusion treatment. Then, animals were subjected to a noradrenaline infusion treatment on the fourth day after the saline infusion. In the second period, ewes were Table 1. Composition of each diet and its mineral contents fed to sheep (% of air dry matter) 1) 5g NaCl per day. 2) Vitamin A and D3 added at a level of 1,000 IU and 200 IU per day, respectively. 3) Calcium carbonate added 1% of ration.


Development, calibration and validation of a threedimensional model of the Legform impactor for pedestrian crash with bumper are presented. Lower limb injury is becoming an increasingly important concern in vehicle safety for both occupants and pedestrians. In order to prevent lower extremity injuries to a pedestrian when struck by a car, it is important to elucidate the loadings from car front structures on the lower extremities and the injury mechanism caused by these loadings. An impact test procedure with a legform addressing lower limb injuries in car pedestrian accidents has been proposed by EEVC/WG17. In this study a modified legform impactor is introduced and validated against EEVC/WG17 criteria. The finite element model of this legform is developed using LS-DYNA software. Total mass of legform impactor is 13.4 kg.Technical specifications including the mass and location of the center of gravity and moment of inertia about a horizontal axis through the respective centre of gravity in femur and tibia are determined. The obtained results of legform impactor static and dynamic tests are as specified in the EEVC/WG17. Keywords—Legform impactor, Pedestrian safety, Finite element model, Knee joint, EEVC/WG17.


A new control design approach based on the Internal Model Control (IMC) structure is presented. This approach consists of three steps. The first step of it is related to the tuning of the Proportional plus Derivative (PD) controller in an internal loop of the controlled process. We considered some typical cases of linear plant models and presented the rules for tuning the parameters of the PD controller in the internal loop. Such internal loop is further on treated as an equivalent plant for which one has to decide whether to use the linear or nonlinear model and its corresponding implementation. As a second step, the choice and implementation of the internal loop model is considered. A zero-steady state error in cases of the piecewise constant changes of the reference and disturbance at output of the plant is achieved thanks to the embedding integral action into the IMC structure. The tuning of parameters of the embedded integral control law is the third step of the whole design approach. In the case of strong and variable process nonlinearity, despite the improving the overall dynamic characteristics of the obtained internal loop closed with the PD controller, in this paper we use the Fast Clustered Radial Basis Function Network (FCRBFN) equipped by the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) learning algorithm to implement internal model of the equivalent plant. Adaptive and robustness characteristics of the proposed control design approach are provided by on line learning of the varying process dynamics model and the used IMC structure. We illustrate the performance of the proposed control design approach by presenting the simulation results for the control of a double tank system.


Publisher Rights Statement: This research was originally published in JNM. Zhen Fan*,1, Valeria Calsolaro*,1, Rebecca A. Atkinson1, Grazia D. Femminella1, Adam Waldman1, Christopher Buckley2, William Trigg2, David J. Brooks1,3, Rainer Hinz4 and Paul Edison. Flutriciclamide (18F-GE180) PET: First-in-Human PET Study of Novel Third-Generation In Vivo Marker of Human Translocator Protein . JNM. 2016;vol 57:1753-1759 . © by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.


PURPOSE:To construct a flash control circuit in a small size at a low cost. CONSTITUTION:A series circuitry of zenor diodes 109, 110 is connected between the gate and emitter of an IGBT 3, and a flash start signal TRIG is given directly to the gate of a thyristor 8. The LC resonance frequency determined by the inductance of a coil 108 and the input capacity of the IGBT 3 is made over a certain value necessary for boosting the voltage from the lowest voltage value assumed as a gate drive voltage VGG which can be taken minimally up to the value appropriate to drive the IGBT 3, and is set fixedly. The LC resonance frequency is to monitor the gate drive voltage VGG, and is made over a value necessary for boosting the voltage from the gate drive voltage VGG obtained through monitoring up to the level appropriate to drive the IGBT 3 and is set varyingly.


Objective To investigate the association among the overexpression of HER-2/neu and clinicopathologic variables and prognosis in gastric cancer.Methods The expression of HER-2/neu in a tissue microarray containing 229 spots of gastric cancer was detected by immunohistochemical technique.The correlation among the expression of the HER-2/neu and clinicopathalogic variables and overall survival of the gastric cancer was analyzed.Results 14.85% of the 229 gastric cancer were positive for HER-2/neu expression.The positive expression of HER-2/neu was closely correlated to the Lauren type,degree of differentiation,tumor size,lymph node metastasis and overall survival(P0.05).The expression of HER-2/neu was correlated with the prognosis in gastric cancer.Cox regression analyses showed that positive expression of HER-2/neu,Lauren type,tumor size,vessel invasion,and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors.Conclusion The positive expression of the HER-2/neu is correlated to the depth of invasion,metastasis of the gastric cancer,and constitutes an important prognostic factor in gastric cancer.


It is inevitabe to compute sound scatter in the course of imaging simulation of underwater targets echoes.Traditional analytics is too complex to be applied in engineering.According to the linear object model of active sonar quoted physical acoustic method(Kirchhoff approximation) of targets echoes near an interface,this paper presented an imaging simulation method of targets echoes based on the condition of maneuverable flat.Simulated echoes signals were processed under the background existing reverberation and then the planar echoes imaging was displayed by the way of bearing-range by employing the Matlab software.The simulate results indicate that it is convenient to compute sound scatte and the simulated imaging can realistically reflect the varity when the sonar flat is maneuvered.


Basics of Markov decision processes will be introduced in order to obtain the optimization goal function for minimizing the long-run expected cost. We focus on minimization of such cost of the farmer's policy consisting of different decisions in specic states regarding both milk quality and quantity (lactation states) produced by a dairy cow. The transition probability matrix of the Markov process, used here for modeling of transitions of a dairy cow from one state to another, will be estimated from the data simulated from the lactation model that is often used in practice. We want to choose optimal actions in the states of this Markov process regarding the farmer's costs. This problem can be solved by exhaustive enumeration of all possible cases in order to obtain the optimal policy. How- ever, this is feasible only for a small number of states. Generally, this problem can be approached in the linear programming setting which yields an efficient solution. In order to demonstrate and compare these two approaches, we present an example based on the simulated data regarding milk quality and quantity.


The authors are also at
pains to point out that
the resulting product
need not be boring
shoebox structures,
but attractive exotic
buildings


Recently due to significant successes in drug therapy of malignant tumors, the question of quality of life of patients has become more important. Cyclical drug treatment implies intravenous infusion of antitumor agents. Complications associated with this type of therapy include phlebitis and extravasation and, in some cases, lead to full obliteration of vessel lumen and vast skin and hypoderm necrosis. Multiple venous punctions can with time lead to significant technical difficulties in accessing the vein and limit the continuation of therapy. This drives the necessity to search for rational approaches to patient safety during both outpatient and inpatient antitumor drug treatment. To solve this problem, fully implanted venous port systems were developed and implemented in clinical practice which provide organization of aseptic continuous venous access, as well as infusion pumps (for independent prolonged intravenous therapy). Use of these devices allows for continuity and cycling of treatment process, significantly improves patients' quality of life by not limiting daily activities.In the article we present our experience of using microinfusion single-use mechanical systems for antitumor drug therapy and relief of intense pain syndrome in patients with malignant disorders of hematopoietic tissue and solid tumors.


Thanks to the development of information and communication technologies, the connotation of the digital divide has evolved constantly. Currently, we are opening and entering the new era of " Digital Economy" and newest information technologies including Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, Big Data have been widely enhanced and implemented. Such developments accelerate the gap between developed and developing economies, which eventually attracts more attention. In this article current activities of Uzbekistan in the sphere of digital economy are analyzed and some suggestions related to problems arouse are provided.


The quality, integrity, interpretation and proper use of environmental forensic chemistry measurements should be a paramount concern to investigators, claims professionals and litigators. These issues are complicated for forensic chemists who often use nonstandard methods to discern unique chemical contaminant attributes. In addition, data fraud remains a constant, if not increasing, problem. The evolving interpretation of the Daubert ruling further complicates litigators' strategies in designing an effective forensic chemistry study which will be admissible in court. The purpose of this paper is to advise forensic investigators and litigators to the potential pitfalls in producing defensible environmental measurements, and provide perspectives for generating data that will not wither under scrutiny.


The World Bank is seeking new U.S. funding this year, almost a billion dollars for the International Development Association, which provides zero-interest 50-year loans to the poorest, usually worst-managed countries. The bank also is expected to request a major increase in its capital next year, requiring another commitment of some $10 billion from American taxpayers, to allow it to greatly increase its lending to Third World governments.


Installation of multivariable constraint controllers at the Mobil Oil Canada Harmattan gas plant has improved plant profitability by increasing the yield of the most valuable products, reducing energy consumption, and creating a more consistent operation. Mobil Oil installed Optimum Predictive Control (OPC) developed by Treiber Controls, Toronto, on Harmattan`s LPG fractionation system. The main process units at the site are: inlet compression, refrigerated lean-oil absorption, NGL fractionation, sales-gas sweetening, and Claus sulfur recovery. Harmattan installed a Bailey INFI-90 distributed control system (DCS) in 1990 which replaced the existing single-loop control analogue controls. Generally, DCS provides users with a vast quantity of real-time information, but it is not obvious how to use this additional information to improve plant profitability. OPC is a technology for the design and implementation of multivariable constraint controllers that operates directly within the DCS system and requires no separate computer. The addition of advanced control is needed to exploit fully the data handling and computational power of modern DCS. Advanced control, used with a DCS, can increase the profitability of an operation. Profits arise from improving product qualities (operating closer to product specifications), reducing energy costs, maximizing production rates, or reducing plant upsets. Typically, investment in anmore » advanced control application will be repaid within 12 months.« less


This study investigated the effects of group Rational Therapy in promoting rational thinking and self-enhancing emotions among 24 college students. Each subject was administered the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire as a pre- and post-test measurement. Results reveal that some aspects of personality are affected by Rational Therapy group programs while others are not.


This paper provides an overview of the engineering modifications and the regulatory requirements to convert a U.S. registered aircraft for European operations as a freighter. The paper outlines the steps taken and the equipment installed to meet Joint Airworthiness Regulations (JAR) and German Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (LBA) regulations by the author. DESCRIPTION OF AIRCRAFT UNDER MODIFICATION The aircraft that were being modified were Shorts Brothers SD3-60-300 twin engine part 25 transport category aircraft as shown in Figure 1. Type Certificate A41EU was issued October 29, 1982 for the SD3-60. The aircraft also had a German Type Certificate. This was very important to the supplemental certification process as will be related later. The Shorts is powered by a PW PT6A-67R with a maximum rated installed shaft horse power of 1509. The aircraft has the following dimensions: span 74 feet, length 70 feet, height 23 feet. The aircraft has a general MEW of 15,261 Ibs. and a maximum payload of 8,300 Ibs. This increase of payload over the passenger version was due to the removal of the galley and seats. The cabin area was gutted and lined with fire retardant material for the cargo operation. Aircraft environmental equipment for the passenger area was also removed. All of these modifications would be required in both U.S. and European operations and so will not be discussed as part of this paper. This paper will address only those changes required for European operations and European registration. REASONS FOR MODIFICATION These aircraft were modified primarily to serve as short distance freight aircraft in an inter-European theater for Federal Express. FedEx began implementing new routes within Europe in early 1999. This expansion required the addition of several new routes. These routes were to be serviced by the addition of the Shorts Figure 1 Shorts SD3-60 (c)2000 American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics or Published with Permission of Author(s) and/or Author(s)' Sponsoring Organization. aircraft to the European FedEx fleet. The Shorts provide the right mix of capacity load and operational cost to satisfy the need to serve these growing markets for FedEx. Currently there are eleven of these aircraft in use in Europe for FedEx and the system should continue to grow as FedEx expands its European presence over time. The hub for the Shorts operation is Paris CDG. The Shorts fly one round trip every night and some have several intermediate stops. This outbound and inbound circuit serves most of the geographic areas of Europe. The choice of Germany as the country of registration was due to legal and monetary reasons more so than certification issues. Since an analysis of the certification issues throughout Europe showed little difference in the location chosen for certification, monetary issues were the deciding selection criteria.


Co(C9H24N4)(H20)2)(Na(CF303S)4H20).- H20, Mr = 938.6, monoclinic, P21/e, a = 13.2099 (9), b = 12.1272 (12), e = 21.847 (2) A, /3 -- 107.400 (6) °, V = 3339.7 (5)/~3, Z = 4, Dm= 1.87, Dx = 1.867 g cm -3, A(Mo Ka) = 0.7107/~, /.t = 8.977 cm- l, F(000) = 1904, T= 198 K, R = 0.0357 for 5920 unique reflections. The cobalt(Ill) ion in the cation is surrounded by one tertiary and three pri- mary N atoms from the tripodal tetraamine ligand (trpn: tris(3-aminopropyl)amine) and by two O atoms from the coordinated waters. The Co--N bond with the tertiary N atom is the longest of these. In the complex anion, the Na ion is coordinated to six O atoms: one each from a water molecule and three trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) groups, and chelated through two O atoms from a fourth one, resulting in a distorted octahedron (e.g. one O--Na--O angle is 53.47 (9)°). Experimental. Crystals of (Co(C9H24N4)(H20)2 )- (Na(CF303S)aHzO).H20 were prepared from the corresponding carbonato complex as described else- where for the perchlorate salt (Rawji & Milburn, 1988), with the exceptions that HO3SCF 3 was used instead of HC104 and NaCF303S was added to promote crystallization. Crystals were obtained as large violet plates by slow evaporation from aqueous solution. The data crystal was cut from a much larger crystal and had approximate dimensions 0.17 x 0.35 x 0.81 mm. Data were collected at 198 K using a Nicolet LT-2 low-temperature delivery system on a Nicolet R3 diffractometer that was equipped with a graphite monochromator and Mo Ka radiation. The crystal system is monoclinic and the space group is P21/c (No. 14), as uniquely determined from systematically absent reflections. The lattice parameters were obtained from least- squares refinement of 45 reflections with 20.1 < 20 <


Foamy viruses (FVs) are complex exogenous animal retroviruses that differ in many aspects of their life cycle from the orthoretroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In particular, in FVvs, Gag and Pol proteins are expressed independently of one another, and both proteins undergo single clivage events. None of the conventional Gag landmarks of exogenous retroviruses, such as the major homology region or Cys-His motifs, are found in this protein. Instead, FV Gag harbors conserved C-terminal basic motifs, referred to as Gly-Arg (GR) boxes. Although the first GR (GRI) box binds viral nucleic acids and is required for viral genome packaging, the second (GRII) harbors a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) at its C-terminus, targeting Gag to the nucleus early after infection. GRII also contains a chromatin binding sequence (CBS) in its N-terminus, tethering the FV incoming pre-integration complex onto host chromosomes. The present work focuses on the structural Gag proteins, in early and late stages of infection. Troviral Gag proteins are involved in early stages of infection such as trafficking of incoming viruses nd nuclear import. FV Gag protein uses the microtubule network to reach the nucleus. In cycling cells,FV articles are structured at the centrosome 4 h post-infection. Then, the viral protease helps capsid for ncoating. In quiescent cells, we have shown that viral particles remain structured at the centrosome during everal weeks and that uncoating does not occur : this step is a limiting factor for infection although viral articles are still infectious. Upon cells reactivation, viral capsids undergo proteolysis and disassembly, llowing infection to proceed. During the late stages of infection, Gag undergoes transient nuclear trafficking after it synthesis, before returning back to the cytoplasm for capsid assembly and virus egress. The functional role of this nuclear stage, as well as the molecular mechanisms responsible for Gag nuclear export, are not understood. Here, we identify a leptomycin-sensitive nuclear export sequence (NES) within the N-terminus of the primate foamy virus Gag protein that is absolutely required for the completion of late stages of virus replication. Point mutation of conserved residues within this motif leads to nuclear retention of Gag and dramatically affects viral replication. Moreover, complementation experiments demonstrate that nuclear export-defective Gag mutants negatively interfere with virus release by sequestering wild-type Gag in the nucleus.


The life and condition of a MT65 mine truck frame is to a large extent related to how the machine is used. Damage from different stress cycles in the frame are accumulated over time, and measurements throughout the life of the machine are needed to monitor the condition. This results in high demands on the durability of sensors used. To make a monitoring system cheap and robust enough for a mining application, a small number of robust sensors are preferred rather than a multitude of local sensors such as strain gauges. The main question to be answered is whether a low number of robust on-board sensors can give the required information to recreate stress signals at various locations of the frame. Also the choice of sensors among many different locations and kinds are considered. A final question is whether the data could also be used to estimate road condition. By using accelerometer, gyroscope and strain gauge data from field tests of an Atlas Copco MT65 mine truck, coherence and Lassoregression were evaluated as means to select which signals to use. ARX-models for stress estimation were created using the same data. By simulating stress signals using the models, rain flow counting and damage accumulation calculations were performed. The results showed that a low number of on-board sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes could give enough information to recreate some of the stress signals measured. Together with a linear model, the estimated stress was accurate enough to evaluate the accumulated fatigue damage in a mining truck. The accumulated damage was also used to estimate the condition of the road on which the truck was traveling. To make a useful road monitoring Erik Jakobsson et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Figure 1. The mine truck model on which the study was performed. system some more work is required, in particular regarding how vehicle speed influences damage accumulation.


This study was done to investigate the wearing experience. the taste and attitudes toward Korean Costume(Traditiona1 and Saenghwal Hanbok) . Data were collected by self-administered question from 307 elementary school children and 307 mother during 7. 2002. Conclusions are as follows : 1. Hanbok was worn mainly in the first birthday of children and 6-7years old. But it was rarely worn in 4th-6th grade of elementary school. Most of children had worn the Traditional Hanbok. about 30% had worn the Saenghwal Hanbok. 2. Childrens liked Saenghwal Hanbok more than Traditional Hanbok. girls liked Hanbok more than boys did. And 31.4% of boys disliked Hanbok. the main motives for dislike were concerned with the discomfort to move, the feel of cloth and becoming. Boys prefered the style of `vest/ Jeokori/ Baji` in Traditional Hanbok, and `half-sleeve Jeokoril Baji` in Saenghwal Hanbok. Girls prefered the style of `Dangeui/ Chima` in Traditional Hanbok. and `One piece/ Jeokori` in Saenghwal Hanbok. Childrens prefered analogous color scheme to contrasting color scheme. Boys prefered the blue groups, girls prefered the orange and red groups. 3. Childrens had more positive attitudes towards Saenghwal Hanbok than Traditional Hanbok. Mothers had positive attitudes towards both these types. And the attitudes toward Saenghwal Hanbok and Traditional Hanbok of childrens were more positive than mother`s.


This study was conducted to explore the effect of compressive stress in concrete on the measured ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). Ultrasonic pulse velocities
were measured by equipment called PUNDIT and test frame was used to test on the prisms concrete at the stress condition. The UPV values were measured at every load
steps at 5% increment of the average compressive strength. This study was carried out by the concrete strength ranging from 25 to 30 N/mm2. The prisms with size of 100mm x 100mm x 200mm, 100mm x 100mm x 300mm and 100mm x 100mm x 400mm were used and tests were carried out at the age of 28 days. The tests results of
these three prism sizes showed that almost similar characteristics. When the concrete prisms subjected with stress/ strength ratio from ranging 0.00 to 0.05, the UPV value increases slowly by 0.1% to 9%. After this state which is at 0.40 of stress/strength ratio, the UPV values increased rapidly. Under a higher compressive stress of 0.40 stress/ strength or higher, the measured of UPV values decreased rapidly but it greater than the original UPV value around 4% to 19%. The results obtained indicated that the compressive stress on concrete has
significant effect on the measured of UPV values, particularly when the state of stress in the concrete is 40% or more of the compressive strength.


With this lysine-derived part, lysine has a favourable (or essential) effect maintaining stable condition without breaking even after NH2 deletion in the animal or human body. As further suggestions: Several water soluble vitamin B groups; flavine-adenine dinucleotide, pantothenic acid, and cobamamide (B12) have similar two groups in their own chemical structure and they act as coenzyme [1]. It is thought that this (two similar groups) in the chemical structure gives the material to work as a special effect in the body as a coenzyme. The activating effect of several water soluble B-group vitamins might be resulted from the emission of energy with the turmoil on pending in the centre of the molecule. In another expression, the rotation or vibration or seesawing of the two parts among the molecule. Here, the pairs of the molecule had to be not the same structure but to be the structure of similarity. Through our theoretical research it is considered that the structure of lysine-derived material (C6H12N2O3) is similar to the structure of several water soluble B-group vitamins (cobamamide (B12), flavine-adenine dinucleotide, pantothenic acid).


This article introduces the concept of intrinsic uncertainty, which occurs in the absence of common knowledge, and its relation to the standard homogeneous beliefs assumption of finance theory. When individuals in an informed environment have homogeneous beliefs (common priors), they objectively agree; however, they can agree without knowing they agree. With homogeneous beliefs, individuals still face intrinsic uncertainty over unknown beliefs of others. If two people have homogeneous beliefs and their informed posteriors for an event E are common knowledge, then--contrary to the widely held view--these posteriors may be unequal. The two people can agree to disagree. Consensus over the probabilities of the possible states requires an agreed common-knowledge priors assumption.


Herein, we exploited the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) binding property of transcription factor (TF), combined with the trans cleavage characteristic of CRISPR-Cas12a, for the detection of NF-κB p50.


Purpose: This paper aims to explain the phenomenon of low incidence of COVID-19 in Polish prisons This paper addresses three questions: was the Polish prison system ready to respond to the threats posed by COVID-19;what action has it taken in this regard;and with what effect? Design/methodology/approach: An analysis of the current condition of the Polish prison system was undertaken focusing on items that were the focus of prisoners' complaints, the interventions of the Ombudsman and the bulletins of the Central Board of the Prison Service This analysis has been juxtaposed with the opinions of experts in epidemiology and medicine and changes introduced in the law relating to prisoners Findings: During the COVID-19 epidemic – despite serious chronic problems in the Polish penitentiary system – the statistics indicated that 24 individuals were infected and no deaths occurred When compared to the statistics of non-prison cases, this result is extremely low Research limitations/implications: Given the newness of the problem, the conflicts of different interests, the "double" isolation of prisons (penal and epidemiological) and the reluctance of the prison administration to provide information about what is happening behind prison walls, researchers must rely on statistics and subjective contacts with prisoners, for example, by investigating their complaints Practical implications: As a result of the research, the author believes that the transparency of institutions such as prisons should be ensured, primarily expressed in the provision of information to both prisoners and the public relating to methods adopted to prevent epidemics in the context of prison and prisoners Originality/value: The value of this paper is to show how prisons have managed in a new, exceptional situation to balance the right to health and personal safety of prisoners and warders, with the right to contact with the outside world and humane living conditions in a closed and doubly isolated space The findings presented will add value to the knowledge and effectiveness of the prison administration's reaction and response to an emergency such as an epidemic © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited


On 10 August 1971, the President of the United States signed into law the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971 (PL 92-75). This law gives the Coast Guard statutory authority to promulgate safety standards for recreational boats and associated equipment. In establishing a need for formulating and prescribing regulations and standards we must: 1) consider the need for and the extent to which the regulations or standards will contribute to boating safety; 2) consider relevant available boat safety standards, statistics and data, including public and private research, development, testing, and evaluation; 3) consider whether any proposed regulation or standard is reasonable and appropriate for the particular type of boat or associated equipment for which it is prescribed; and 4) consult with the Boating Safety Advisory Council comprising 7 State Boating Administrators, 7 Industry Representatives and 7 Public Members.

The presentation herein is an example of a justification for need in one particular area—FIRE SAFETY. However, it will be demonstrated that the approach is and can be used for other standards applications. Examples of these will be described.


Recent scholarship has produced two generalizations about Arabic music which will serve as useful points of departure for this discussion. First, and probably unsurprising, is that common terms of categorizing music as "popular," "classical," or "folk," "Eastern" or "Western," "rural" or "urban," "religious" or "secular" are inadequate to describe musical life in the Arab world today. Describing the musical scene in 20th-century Cairo and its pervasiveness throughout the Arab world, Jihad Racy commented that its repertories "elude stylistic typology." Racy proposed that there is a single, large "central domain" of Arabic music which draws from the musical styles of other repertories, indeed still present in the Arab world but having much smaller or occasional audiences and thus lying outside the mainstream of musical life (1981:6, 16). These subcategories, according to Racy, are Western popular music, Western art music, Arab folk music, religious music and "old" Arabic music dating from before 1919.3


A new sulfolane/secondary amine biphasic absorbent, sulfolane/2-methylaminoethanol (MAE) solution, was developed for postcombustion CO2 capture (PCC). Surprisingly, using a 4M/5M sulfolane/MAE solu...


Although 1 years have passed since the publication of Bgunner's book, it still remains little known to Russian surgeons, which is why, I think, it is worth talking about it. It is of interest already because it belongs to the number of editions of the "Tuberculosis Library", published under the editorship of prof. Lydia Rabinovich and has already published a number of useful books on tbc.


Summary form only given. Three typhoons occurred on the western Pacific in September 2008 and were enhanced beyond category 3 when they approached Taiwan. Geomagnetic total intensity field recorded at 2 local monitor stations in Taiwan and 1 remote station in Japan are utilized to examine magnetic disturbances induced by these typhoons. Analytical results show that changes in the amplitudes in the frequency domain at the monitor and remote stations are consistent even though magnetic storms intensely affect magnetic fields. However, obvious discrepancy can be repeatedly found from the amplitude at the frequency band between 0.0025 and 0.007 Hz, when the typhoons with category > 3 were the closest to the monitor stations. The frequency band is different with those of induction fields from either oceanic stormy waves or swells, and is consistent with that of magnetic pulsations triggered by acoustic waves from upward air motion during typhoons.


Report from Iron Mountain on the Possibility and Desirability of Peace. By Leonard C. Lewin. New York: Dial Press (1967)


Platelets possess α2-adrenergic and serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptors which are thought to mediate the in vitro proaggregatory effects of epinephrine and serotonin, respectively. However, their importance in platelet aggregation in vivo is uncertain. In the present study, we evaluate the ability of yohimbine and ketanserin, relatively selective o2-adrenergic and serotonin antagonists, respectively, to alter cyclic flow reductions in stenosed coronary arteries in open-chest, anesthetized dogs. These cyclic flow reductions, characterized by progressive declines in coronary blood flow interrupted by abrupt and, often spontaneous, restorations of flow, were produced by cylindrical constrictors placed on the left anterior descending coronary artery. A pulsed Doppler flow probe, placed proximal to the constrictor, was used to measure coronary blood flow. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured with 15-jtm radiolabeled microspheres before coronary constriction and when coronary blood flow appeared to be at its nadir and zenith during cyclic flow reductions. After the cyclic flow reductions had been observed for 1 hour, yohimbine (1–2 mg/kg), ketanserin (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg), or saline was given, and coronary blood flow and hemodynamics were monitored for another hour. The frequency of cyclic flow reductions and the mean of the three lowest nadirs of coronary blood flow (mean ± se) were compared between the first and second hours. Ketanserin, at doses of 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg, virtually abolished cyclic flow reductions in all dogs tested. Yohimbine [1 mg/kg (″ = 14)] was partially effective in reducing the frequency (9.6 vs. 5.5 cyclic flow reductions/hr) and severity of cyclic flow reductions (nadirs of coronary blood flow = 6.2 ± 2.4 vs. 20.9 ± 6.1% of control). A higher dose of yohimbine [2 mg/kg (n = 7)] was no more effective. The frequency (9.3 ± 0.9 vs. 9.3 ± 1.0 CFR/hr) and severity (17.4 ± 5.4 vs. 12.4 ± 3.9% of control coronary blood flow) of cyclic flow reductions were not changed by saline. The relatively selective ai-adrenergic antagonist, prazosin (0.01 mg/kg, iv), and the β-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol (1–2 mg/kg, iv), did not affect the frequency or severity of cyclic flow reductions. Thus, the abilities of yohimbine to inhibit and ketanserin to abolish cyclic flow reductions in stenosed canine coronary arteries suggest that serotonin and, possibly, α2-adrenergic agonists may influence cyclic flow alterations importantly in this model.


Attendance is a very important factor for many educational institutions in South Africa. The conventional approach of manually taking and managing attendance records is daunting for both the registrar and the registrant. There are existing techniques aimed at providing attendance identification and registry. However, most of these techniques fall short of some very important factors such as scalability, autonomousness and flexibility of use from an attendee and administrator point of use. This work therefore presents an approach aimed at achieving a cost effective solution to revolutionise the conventional paper attendance procedure and provide scalability, autonomousness and flexibility of use within the context of South African educational institutions. This is achieved through the use of the new and fast growing Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to develop a modular device for the acquisition of attendees identity. A IEEE 802.15.4 enabled radio interface is also embedded to provide autonomous data acquisition into the administrators database application. In addition, a database Application Programming Interface (API) is developed based on Microsofť® Excel using C# java high level programming. The test outcomes of the design are presented to validate the approach used in this work.


The aim of the research was to know the effect of laserpuncture to the growth again of broiler chicken. Chicken acupuncture points which used to be fired were hu men/digestive, beiji/heart and lungs, gouhou/growth point and wei gen/immune. This study was conducted in March – April 2015 at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Airlangga University Surabaya with one shooting interval every seven days. Fourty chickens were divided into four treatment groups: control group (P0), the treatment group dose of 0.2 joule (P1), the treatment group dose of 0.4 joule (P2) and the treatment group dose of 0.5 joule (P3). The data was performed using SPSS 21 for Windows with MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) and Microsoft Excel. Statistical comparisons between P0, P1, P2 and P3 showed there was no significant on growth rate (p > 0,05). Laserpuncture had no effect for growth again rate of broiler. The chicken that has been stable to laserpuncture have no influence. Temperature of Surabaya might be the reason that the laserpuncture had no effect for the growth.


We analyze both the spatiotemporal behavior of non-linear "reaction" models utilizing reaction-diffusion equations, and spatial transport problems on surfaces and in nanopores utilizing the relevant diffusion or Fokker-Planck equations. The non-linear "reaction" models involve spatial discrete systems where "particles" reside at the sites of a periodic lattice: particles, X, spontaneously annihilate (X) at a specified rate p, and are autocatalytically created given the presence of nearby pairs of particles (+2X3X) at rates depending on the local configuration. [This reaction model is equivalent to a spatial epidemic model where sick individuals spontaneously recover (SH), and healthy individuals are infected by pairs of sick neighbors (H+2S3S).] The model exhibits a non-equilibrium phase-transition from a populated state to a vacuum state (with no particles) with increasing p. Near this transition, one can consider the propagation of interfaces separating the two states. Planar interfaces exhibit an orientation-dependence (leading to so-called generic twophase coexistence), and curved interfaces enclosing droplets exhibit even richer behavior. These phenomena are analyzed utilizing the appropriate set of discrete reaction-diffusion equations (corresponding to lattice differential equations). Diffusive transport of particles between islands or clusters of particles on a surface leads to coarsening of island arrays which can be analyzed by solution of an appropriate boundary value problem for the surface diffusion equation. We extend previous treatments to strongly anisotropic systems. Diffusion and passing of pairs of


In order to determine the period of hydrocarbon accumulation in Linnan Sag,study on fluid inclusions of different structural parts is done systematically in this paper.The history of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Linnan sag is discussed based on the data of fluid inclusions,homogenization temperature,burial history,thermal history and hydrocarbon generation analyses.There are mainly 3 types of fluid inclusions in sandstone reservoirs in Linnan Sag,i.e.,aqueous inclusion,liquid hydrocarbon inclusion and gas hydrocarbon inclusion.The homogenization temperatures of the aqueous inclusions coexisting with organic inclusions are 105-125℃.It is supposed that in different structural parts in Linnan Sag there are different periods of hydrocarbon accumulation.Hydrocarbon accumulation in the center of Linnan Sag occurred in two stages.They were late Oligocene Dongying Period and Miocene Guantao Period to Pliocene Minghuazhen Period.The latter is the main accumulation period.Hydrocarbon accumulation on the edge of Linnan Sag occurred in Miocene Guantao to Pliocene Minghuazhen Period.


This paper presents the results of a project that evaluated the potential of brush plating as a substitute process for hard chromium and nickel tank plating to reduce the quantity of waste generated during the repair and overhaul of gas turbine engines. The project was conducted dur ing 1992 by Sc ience App l i ca t ions International Corporation (SAIC) for Tinker AFB a n d t h e U . S . E P A ' s R i s k R e d u c t i o n Engineering Laboratory.


In k out of N system the mission completion capability was researched considering spare replacement maintenance and supply during mission.Firstly,the system state transition process was analyzed through Markov process,and the working process was researched under given maintenance supply strategy.Secondly,mission completion probability was understood as distributing function of k out of N system sojourn time at working state within fixed time.And its numerical value was got by total probability decomposition and renewal process.At last,curves of mission completion probability vs.mission time,mission numbers,spare number and spare average supply time were plotted in Matlab by the mission ompletion probability model,and their influences on mission completion probability were analyzed.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Quizlet online flashcards on language learners' vocabulary size. The participants were 76 English major students of three classes at pre-intermediate level using their flashcards for 11 weeks at Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment (HUNRE). An action research on vocabulary improvement of non-English major learners through using online flashcards at HUNRE was conducted to investigate learners' vocabulary acquisition in second language learning. The study indicated that online flashcards positively impact learners' vocabulary size; however, there was a small proportion of the participants did not gain benefits from using Quizlet online flashcards.


The article summarizes the achievements of Andris Staģis, a graduate of the Faculty of Civil Engineering of Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI; 1968), in the profession of an engineer, as well as reveals his contribution to the history and statistics of Latvian sports, achievements in athletics and their promotion. This is the first study on the activities and life of engineer, officer of the Order of the Three Stars, Latvian champion in athletics and the author of sports history books, and journalist A. Staģis. The aim of the research is to reveal the contribution of A. Staģis and the significance of his personality to Latvia using his and the authors' personal archives, documents of the State Archives of Latvia, and the collection of the National Library of Latvia.


The aim of the study was to evaluate possible haemodynamic and metabolic effects of pulsatile flow in cardiopulmonary bypass. The subjects were 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. They had no complicating diseases. Ten consecutive patients with pulsatile perfusion were compared with ten consecutive patients with non-pulsatile perfusion. The haemodynamic parameters, chest X-rays, fluid balance and changes in circulating thrombocytes were unaffected by adding pulsatile flow to cardiopulmonary bypass. The arterial-venous oxygen content difference and intrapulmonary shunting were also unaffected. Whole-body oxygen consumption was higher in the pulsatile group immediately after bypass, but subsequently there were no differences. The haemoglobin and haematocrit values were higher in the non-pulsatile group two hours postoperatively, but did not differ in the rest of the observation period. The clinical course was similar in the two groups.


Plant and soil nematodes significandy impact our lives. There fo re , we must unde r s t and and manage these complex organisms so that we may continue to develop and sustain our food produc t ion systems, our natural resources, our envi ronment , and our quality o f life. This publication looks specifically at soil and plant nematology. First, the societal impact o f nematodes and benefi ts o f nematology research are briefly presented. Next, the oppor tuni t ies facing nematology in the next decade are outl ined, as well as the resources needed to address these priorities. T h e safety and sustainability o f U.S. food and f iber product ion depends on public and administrative under s t anding o f the impor tance o f nematodes , the drastic effects o f nematodes on many agricultural and hort icultural crops, and the cur ren t research priorities o f nematology.


A methodological evaluation for two-finite differencing schemes for computer-aided gas turbine design is presented. The two computational schemes include; a Bounded Skewed Finite Differencing Scheme (BSUDS); and a Quadratic Upwind Differencing Scheme (QSDS). In the evaluation, the derivations of the schemes were incorporated into two-dimensional and three-dimensional versions of the Teaching Axisymmetric Characteristics Heuristically (TEACH) computer code. Assessments were made according to performance criteria for the solution of problems of turbulent, laminar, and coannular turbulent flow. The specific performance criteria used in the evaluation were simplicity, accuracy, and computational economy. It is found that the BSUDS scheme performed better with respect to the criteria than the QUDS. Some of the reasons for the more successful performance BSUDS are discussed.


Jurisdiction-Exemptions from — Foreign States — Sovereign immunity — Where foreign State has broken off diplomatic relations with United States — The law of the United States of America. Recognition — Of Governments — Rupture of diplomatic relations — Effect on standing to sue in courts in United States — Effect of breach of diplomatic relations upon sovereign immunity — The law of the United States of America.


When co-occurring plant species overlap in fl owering phenology they may compete for the service of shared pollinators. Competition for pollination may lower plant reproductive success by reducing the number of pollinator probes or by decreasing the quality of pollen transport to or from a focal species. Pair-wise interactions between plants sharing pollinators have been well documented. However, relatively few studies have examined interactions for pollination among three or more plant species, and little is known about how the outcomes and mechanisms of competition for pollination may vary with competitor species composition. To better understand how the dynamics of competition for pollination may be infl uenced by changes in the number of competitors, we manipulated the presence of two competitors, Lythrum salicaria and Lobelia siphilitica , and quantifi ed reproductive success for a third species, Mimulus ringens . Patterns of pollinator preference and interspecifi c transitions in mixed-species arrays were signifi cantly infl uenced by the species composition of competitor plants present. Both pair-wise and three-species competition treatments led to a similar ∼ 40% reduction in Mimulus ringens seed set. However, the patterns of pollinator foraging we observed suggest that the relative importance of diff erent mechanisms of competition for pollination may vary with the identity and number of competitors present. Th is variation in mechanisms of competition for pollination may be especially important in diverse plant communities where many species interact through shared pollinators.


TD-SCDMA and WiMAX systems will coexist in a specific band because of the sprectrum planning and operating principle. It will result in the coexisting interference between these two systems. We analyze the coexisting interference between TD-SCDMA and WiMAX systems by system simulation. And give the conclusion about the interference from TD-SCDMA system to WiMAX system, as well as the interference from WiMAX system to TD-SCDMA system.


Sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR) was used to treat real micro-polluted river water,and the removal effects of pollutants at different air-water ratios and the characteristics of biofilm on ceramsite carriers were investigated.The results indicate that the system has a fast start-up and stable removal efficiency of pollutants in 9 days.The average removal rate of CODMn,turbidity and ammonia nitrogen are 33.7%,83.4% and 84.3% respectively.The volumetric removal rates of CODMn and ammonia nitrogen are 61.1 g/(m3·d) and 83.9 g/(m3·d) at air-water ratio of 4 ∶1.The system has a strong resistance to impact load.The biofilm structure is uniform,thin and dense.The PCR-DGGE analysis indicates that the biofilm is characterized by richer and more diverse biological species than sediments from river and the reactor.


In the context of large data, with the progress of information technology, a large number of data can only be obtained by visualization. The author studies the application of data visualization under the background of large data. This will help us to develop and innovate data visualization technology. And summarize the research characteristics, in order to provide reference information for the in-depth development of big data research and the development of future big data. The research results show that in order to complete the rapid processing and visualization of big data, researchers not only need to purchase and maintain a distributed cluster environment, but also need programming capabilities in a distributed environment and corresponding front-end data visualization technology.


Correspondence Elham Sadek, Petrochemical Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Email: email@example.com Abstract Nanocomposites based on resol resin as a matrix and prepared organoclay, from Egyptian bentonite clay, as reinforcement material were synthesized. The effect of organoclay content (i.e., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 phr) on the properties of the prepared samples with respect to the prepared composites and resol resin with no clay was investigated. The prepared samples with higher organoclay content (i.e., 2.0 phr) were modified with epoxy or/and urethane resin and characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared measurements (FTIR). TEM showed uniform dispersion of the clay while XRD showed exfoliated structures. FTIR measurements confirmed the bond formation between epoxy or/and diisocynate with phenolic hydroxyl groups of resol resin. Mechanical properties, chemical resistance, thermal properties, and electrical volume resistivity were studied. Results showed that epoxy modified resol resin film samples with 2.0 phr organoclay exhibited higher adhesion and scratch hardness values, higher chemical resistance, thermal stability, and lower electrical conductivity compared with mixed epoxy/urethane and urethane samples as well as unmodified resol resin nanocomposite film samples. The samples could be useful as surface metal coatings.


This study empirically investigates how the dimensions of organization–public relationships, i.e. trust, control mutuality, commitment, and satisfaction, are related to brand attitude formation. In order to establish a benchmark for analysis, it also compares the effects of organization–public relationships on brand attitude to those of product‐related attribute beliefs. The results of a survey conducted using a branded laptop computer product showed that, while both organization–public relationships and product‐related attributes were significantly related to attitude towards the brand, among the dimensions of organization–public relationships only 'satisfaction' was a significant predictor of brand attitude. In addition, the explanatory power of organization–public relationships was found to be weaker than that of product‐related attribute beliefs in predicting brand attitudes.


The lack of appropriate consultation in research and program development is often a concern for Aboriginal communities. The practices of archival institutions in records access for the purposes of family research are another area of concern. This paper presents the findings of a reflective study of the consultation processes undertaken in three archival initiatives that aimed at improving access and relationships between archival institutions, research and practice, and Indigenous communities. This paper draws upon my own experiences and the findings of my research. The main finding is that one of the biggest mistakes often made in regards to consultation and archives is to apply the idea that 'one size fits all'; that all Aboriginal peoples and communities across Australia are the same, and if something works for one community then it will automatically work elsewhere. What I hope to do through this paper is to encourage readers to get to know the communities that they work with, and then translate that to the delivery of services, programs or research that engage communities and are therefore able to meet particular community needs. I mostly refer to Aboriginal peoples of the Australian mainland as these groups were the main target audiences for the initiatives that are the focus of this article. In so doing, it was not my intention to exclude Torres Strait Islander peoples.


The interrelationship between money supply (M2) and nominal GDP has been an area of investigation by monetary economists. Examining this relationship has been of crucial importance for an economy like Bangladesh where growth and inflation confront each other. This paper attempts to unveil this relationship through empirical exercises. Taking data from 1975 to 2013, this work finds M2 positively impacts nominal GDP. The Granger causality test suggests an unidirectional causality from M2 to GDP in a positive fashion. The error correction model is used to understand the short run dynamics of the long run relationship of M2 and nominal GDP. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models suggest money supply and nominal GDP are cointegrated. Short run and long run relationships have been analyzed in this paper to understand the relationship of GDP and M2. The analysis and inference of ARDL model will help formulate better monetary policy in Bangladesh for maintaining flexible inflation in order to achieve desired economic growth.


improve teaching effectiveness. During the past several decades there has been a trend towards student evaluation of teachers. Mueller's survey of 1951 indicated that one hundred and ninety-six colleges and universities and some forty-one teacher colleges in this country were using some form of student-instructor rating.2 There are reasons for saying that teachers need to see themselves as their students see them.


Abstract Calendula is one of the most taxonomically complex genera within the Asteraceae family due to hybridization, polyploidization events, and production of a highly variable morphology of the achenes. Considering the complexity of Calendula, this study was conducted to extend the understanding of the relationships between SW Mediterranean taxa, and assess the relationships between genome size and chromosome number, ploidy level and life cycle in 77 populations covering 14 taxa. Genome size estimations are provided for the first time for five species and for three putative new undescribed species. Mean 2C values differed up to 6-fold among different euploid species (from 1.37 pg in diploid to 8.26 pg in octoploid populations). 1Cx-values varied 2.07-fold (between 0.68 pg and 1.41 pg). Mean 1Cx genome size revealed significant differences between different ploidy levels. Genome size variation is a significant factor for explaining the relationships within Calendula, and individuals not fitting the current classification were found and should be analysed in detail in future studies.


Study of the interaction of tetrahydridotris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium or of dihydridotetrakis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium with various alkenes shows that in most cases the product is a ruthenium(II) complex; for buta-1,3-diene, pent-1-ene, and but-1-ene, ruthenium(0) complexes are obtained.


Effects of the Interfacial Slippage on the Transverse Elastic Moduli of Unidirectional Fiber Composites T. HISAYAMA, Y. KON and K. TAKAHASHI (Received December 26, 1988) The analytical model for the fiber/matrix interfacial slippage, developed in the preceding paper, has been extended to the prediction of the transverse elastic moduli of the unidirectional fiber composite. The isotropic elasticity is assumed for both of the fiber and the matrix, and the theory of plane strain elastic field in the transverse cross-section of the fiber composite is applied. The effective transverse elastic moduli are formulated using the principle of minimum complementary energy. Numerical calculations are conducted for the transverse tensile moduli of a boron/aluminum composite and the theoretical results are compared with the existing experimental data. The analysis developed here can be applied to the prediction of the transverse tensile stress-strain relation, if the yield stress and the stiffness degradation after the yielding are provided for the matrix aluminum.


The types of amounts of HE and HE-contaminated materials have been determined for all AEC facilities. The total amount of HE and materials destroyed annually by the AEC facilities may exceed one million pounds by 1975. During the next quarter, the amounts for each facility will be reviewed and missing information on tests will be obtained. A literature search verifies that there is very little experimental information on the gaseous products from burning or detonating of HE in air at ambient conditions. Therefore, tests are scheduled at Pantex. To determine the NO and NO/sub 2/ levels from HE detonation, a 4-ft bomb calorimeter will be utilized for containment, and two test shots will be fired for each explosive: one in vacuum and one in atmosphere. The samples will be 10-g charges of PETN, HMX, and TNT, with PETN detonators for initiation. Both mass spectrometers and gas chromatographs are available for measuring the NO/sub x/ products (as well as other detonation products). Testing is scheduled for completion during the next quarter. Similar tests of the NO/sub x/ output from burned samples are being considered. Also, for these measurements, a burning vessel has been designed and preliminary burns have been run atmore » Burlington. Analysis methods for detecting the combustion products are now being refined. The results will be presented in a subsequent quarterly report. The Air Pollution Control Center at Durham has been contacted regarding trends in pollution requirements, and an Environmental Law Seminar at Washington provided information on new requirements of the Clean Air Act Amendments for 1970'' and the new interpretation of the 1899 Refuse Act. The present and projected requirements at the federal, state, and local levels are being assessed and will be summarized in the next quarterly repoit. Finally, studies of methods of disposal will be continued with the reclamation and solvent recovery methods being emphasized at Burlington and other methods being studied at Pantex. For recovery and disposal of HE some contacts will be established in the use of biological methods for digestion and possibly recovery of HE materials. The chemical relationships and potential for breakdown of HE compounds to form nitrates for fertilizer will also be investigated. In addition, increased contacts with other agencies including the DOD and EPA Solid Wastes Management Program will be established for determining potential methods of disposal. (auth)« less


Health care is a major concern in our society. In the rising technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, attracting everyone's attention towards it for its potential to revolutionize the traditional health care system and to resolve the problem caused by the rising aging population and the continuing increase in chronic illness in the health care system. This paper mainly study about the traditional healthcare system which is used in past for providing healthcare services and the convergence of a new technology named IoT in the health care system to modernize the way of treating patients. This paper outlines how IoT has changed the traditional way of healthcare monitoring and make the services fast and efficient in a smarter way. Finally a research study has done on various IoT based healthcare monitoring system and further more, a comparison is made between these IoT based healthcare systems represent their merits and demerits.


Much has been said about visual merchandising displays and the effect it has on consumer behaviour. The primary research question that pended from the preliminary literature was to determine the effect of visual merchandising displays on consumer behaviour. Explorative research was performed and qualitative data were collected by means of focus groups and naive sketches. The main conclusions that could be drawn from the research is that the visual merchandising displays guide consumers in the direction of the products they are seeking and that it guides their product choice. The participants agreed that their buying behaviour is influenced on a subliminal level based on the quality of the visual merchandising displays and their personal preferences, including gender.


In this paper, optimal multiple channels cooperative spectrum sensing setting in non-identical environment is investigated. In previous work on cooperative sensing, all the secondary users have the same detection threshold and the noise received is independent identically distributed random variable. Thus researchers often assume that identical sensing time is assigned to the channels for spectrum sensing. In our paper, secondary users cooperatively sense the channel and send the binary results to the common receiver where energy detection with hard decision rule is employed. We assume that secondary users can assign individual sensing time to the channel with possibly different noise powers and detection thresholds. An iterative algorithm with polynomial complexity is established to determine the optimal sensing sequence for the secondary users to assign the mini-slots to the channels, such that the throughput increase can be maximized in each iteration. Furthermore, a new performance metric delay sensitivity is introduced to evaluate how long the authorized transmitting users need to wait for data transmission. Simulation results show that this iterative algorithm can yield better performance in cooperative spectrum sensing than other schemes with identical sensing setting in terms of both achievable throughput and delay sensitivity.


The mechanisms of residual stresses in nano-film were analyzed.The effects of surface stress on nano-film are explored to explain the unique size-dependent elastic properties of nano-film.The uniaxial tension test of nano-film is analyzed by finite element model with considering surface stress.


An uncertain environment has forced manufacturing systems to have flexibility.
Uncertainties involved with internal and external factors means that flexibility becomes
an important competitive factor for the firms. However, the concept of manufacturing
flexibility has not yet been clearly identified, understood and integrated. These
problems have led to researchers and practitioners getting confused and this produces
difficulties when trying to implement it.
The research in this thesis attempts to clarify and integrate the various aspects of
manufacturing flexibility measurement. The objective of the research was to develop
theoretical models to quantify the measurement with mathematical mechanisms. A
consolidated and synthesized approach, defined as the attribute approach is proposed
in this thesis. This leads to a unified framework for flexibility measurement.
Vague concepts together with arbitrarily used terminology has led to confusion in
concept and contradictions in manufacturing flexibility research. Omissions that
appeared in the literature have been identified and remedied in this research. Ten types
of flexibility attributes have been proposed and applied to six types of manufacturing
flexibility. By exploring of all ten types of flexibility attribute, it has been possible to
clarify the confused arguments found in the literature.
The main advantage of the attribute approach is its thorough treatment of flexibility
measurement. It has provided a conceptually understandable and theoretically precise
method of measuring manufacturing flexibility. It also points to new directions for
further research in this field. It is hoped that this thesis has pushed forward the frontier
of knowledge in this field.


Measurement of laryngeal mucosal wave speed is potentially important for understanding laryngeal vibration and for guiding phonosurgery. However, measurement of wave speed requires knowledge of distance or phase angle on the vocal folds, and has not been possible in awake patients. A new method permitting such measurements in an office setting is described. This method can be applied using either a calibrated fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope or a calibrated laryngoscope to measure absolute distances in the larynx accurately, reliably, and noninvasively. Wave speeds were measured in one normal male speaker at varying levels of F0 and intensity. Across conditions, measured mucosal wave speed ranged from 0.29 to 1.18 m/s. Wave speeds varied significantly with vocal intensity (r=0.72), but not with F0 (r=0.14). Theoretical implications of these findings will be discussed, along with clinical applications of the new techniques.


Di Pietro S, Piva L, Viganotti G, Bertario L. Critical evaluation of the use of thermography in the investigation of scintigraphically cold thyroid nodules. Invest Radiol 1982; 17:607–609. One hundred and fifty-five cases of scintigraphically "cold" thyroid nodules were examined telethermographically to determine their thermal gradient. All nodules hyperthermic 1.5°C were successively removed, as were those (regardless of the thermal gradient) present in men, those in women younger than 21 years and older than 45 years of age, and those clinically suspect, the latter regardless of age or sex of the patient. Of 95 operated cases, 79 proved to be benign or nontumoral nodules, and 16 were carcinomas at histology. Hyperthermia 1.5°C had been present in 43% of the benign cases and in only 25% of the carcinomas. Out of ten cases were hyperthermia 2°C, none was a carcinoma. A malig- nancy was found in 26% of 23 normothermic cases, 17.6% of 34 slightly hyperthermic cases, and only 10.5% of 38 markedly hyperthermic (1.5°C) cases. There was no evident correlation between the thermal gradient and the clinical diameter of the thyroid nodule. Our study affirms that thermography is not reliable when used to select cold thyroid nodules for surgical removal.


Neutron diffraction techniques have been used to study the magnetic structure of DyNi2B2C. The measurements, performed on single crystals of this compound depleted in the neutron absorbing nuclei, show that below approximately 10A' the compound is a simple collinear antiferromagnet. The moments are aligned ferromagnetically in each rare-earth carbon layer perpendicular to the c-axis with the magnetic moments of two consecutive layers aligned in opposite directions. In con trast to the case of both HoNi-iBoC and ErNioBoC no modulation along the a* direction was observed in this compound.


Through the macromolecule reaction method, a series of 4-isopropylbenzyl chloride (IPBC) hydrophobically-modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HAHEC) were synthesized. The use of suitable amount of hydrophobic monomer can ensure both the strong intermolecular association and good water-solubility of HAHEC. Effects of polymer concentration, shear rates, temperature, and electrolytes on the solution behavior of HAHEC were comprehensively studied, which indicated that the polymers show high viscosification property, excellent viscosity retention in brine water, and surface activity. FTIR, DSC, and UV measurements were applied to characterize the molecular structure and composition of HAHEC to confirm the incorporation of hydrophobic group into the polymer chain. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and fluorescence spectrum measurements were applied to study the formation of the molecule aggregation and hydrophobic microdomain of HAHEC, and revealed the close relationship between the rheological behaviors and the hydrophobic viscosification effect. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2824–2831, 2006


OBJECTIVES
To compare the transfer accuracy of two digital transfer trays, the three-dimensional printed (3D printed) tray and the vacuum-formed tray, in the indirect bonding of labial brackets.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten digital dental models were constructed by oral scans using an optical scanning system. 3D printed trays and vacuum-formed trays were obtained through the 3Shape indirect bonding system and rapid prototyping technology (10 in each group). Then labial brackets were transferred to 3D printed models, and the models with final bracket positioning were scanned. Linear (mesiodistal, vertical, buccolingual) and angular (angulation, torque, rotation) transfer errors were measured using GOM Inspect software. The mean transfer errors and prevalence of clinically acceptable errors (linear errors of ≤0.5 mm and angular errors of ≤2°) of two digital trays were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Chi-square test, respectively.

RESULTS
The 3D printed tray had a lower mean mesiodistal transfer error (P < .01) and a higher prevalence of rotation error within the limit of 2° (P = .03) than did the vacuum-formed tray. Linear errors within 0.5 mm were higher than 90% for both groups, while torque errors within 2° were lowest at 50.9% and 52.9% for the 3D printed tray and vacuum-formed tray, respectively. Both groups had a directional bias toward the occlusal, mesial, and buccal.

CONCLUSIONS
The 3D printed tray generally scored better in terms of transfer accuracy than did the vacuum-formed tray. Both types of trays had better linear control than angular control of brackets.


Objective: To investigate the effects of simulated altitude acute hypoxia on appetite and orexin mRNA expression in rats. Methods: Rats were exposed to hypobaric chambersimulating different high altitude (3000m,4000m,5000m,6000m) for different times (8h/d;1d,3d and 7d respectively), and the changes of appetite, weight gain, and the orexin mRNA expression in hypothalamus of rats were examined. Results: With the increasement of hypoxia time and simulated altitude, the total food intake of rats and the orexin A and B mRNA expression in hypothalamus decreased gradually as compared with control. After 7 days of hypoxia, the weight gain of rats was significantly different(P0.05) between the control group and the experimental group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the acute hypoxia might inhibit food intake and weight gain in rats and be correlated with hypoxia severity and time. Meanwhile, acute hypoxia suppresses the orexin A and B mRNA expression in hypothalamus of rats, which may play an important role in the inhibition of appetite induced by acute hypoxia.


In order to estimate the maximum undeformed chip thickness in grinding operation, it is necessary to obtain the successive cutting point spacing. In the past it was obtained by experiments. In this paper, the average successive cutting point spacing has been obtained using the given grinding input conditions and it is possible to estimate the maximum undeformed chip thickness without using any experimentally obtained data. The validity of the proposed analysis has been verified based on two sets of grinding scratch tests using WA and CBN grinding wheels.