Diaphragmatic hernia has been termed "the great masquerader" and is second only to duodenal ulcer in the frequency with which it presents symptoms involving the upper gastrointestinal tract. Roentgenographic and esophagoscopic studies, in conjunction with an accurate history, of patients with upper gastrointestinal and/or lower thoracic pain often demonstrate a diaphragmatic hernia as the offender. Brick3reports that a diagnosis of hiatal hernia is made in approximately 9% of patients who have roentgenographic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Roentgenologists and gastroenterologists who observe hiatal hernias during routine studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract seem prone to minimize these findings. On the other hand, the surgeon who observes the patient after serious complications develop may logically conclude that all diaphragmatic hernias are dangerous, and his concern for patients affected with these hernias, as well as those occurring elsewhere in the body, is based on complications encountered, i. e., incarceration,


Abstract : The Navy Regional Data Automation Centers (NARDACS) are to become Navy Industrial Funded (NIF) activities on 1 October 1983. This requires that NARDACs bill customers for all data processing services and this requires the development and implementation of a computer chargeback system whereby the NARDACs are reimbursed by users for the cost of DP services provided. As with any new program, there are many unresolved issues. The potential consequences of the change to NIF accounting and the issues of chargeback approach, costs, benefits, goals and objectives are evaluated and addressed within the context of the defined control structure. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the potential usefulness of the system, provide an insight into potential pitfalls, present background information, purpose an implementation plan to assist in setting up a chargeback system and discuss methods to minimize disruption generated by the introduction of a chargeback system. (Author)


The spiritual culture as the core of the campus culture is always considered to be the soul of the development of the higher education.The development of the new campus culture not only is related to the building and development of the new campus,but also affects the overall strength and social reputation of the unviersity.Based on the investigations on the campus culture in the new campuses of Wuhan University of Science and Engineering and Jianghan University,this paper analyses the problems in the development of new campus culture and explores the reasons and countermeasures.


A switched-capacitor capacitance-to-current converter has been studied and implemented in CMOS technology. It allows the precise measurement of the absolute value of on-chip capacitances, is insensitive to parasitic capacitances to ground, offsets, and charge injection from switches, and can operate up to 500 kHz. The circuit has been integrated together with a test bank of capacitive humidity sensors for their characterization.<<ETX>>


The introduction of low k materials has introduced the need for new dry etch processes. The requirements for these dry etch processes are reviewed. Basic etch characteristics, under both afterglow and RIE conditions, for different low k polymers are discussed. The etch recipes were tested for use in dual damascene back end schemes. The most important issues are briefly discussed. Fine tuning of the etch processes must go hand in hand with further development of the back end integration schemes.


PURPOSE: To increase the probability of fusion of deuterium ion with He ion by allowing a Pd electrode to absorb deuterium ions through electrolysis in a chamber containing heavy water, and performing the fusion while the flow of and α and γ particles is directed toward the Pd electrode. CONSTITUTION: A 15-V battery 20 flows a current of approx. 1μA through a purge device 22, which can invert the polarity of the current either manually or automatically. The current flows from the purge device 22 into a Faraday shield 24 and further to a fusion cell 26 so that an electrolyzing process to produce deuterium ions is caused. The fusion cell 26 is fitted with a cell cover, two lugs for electric connections, and internally with heavy water, Pt positive electrode, and Pd negative electrode. An α and a γradiation source 28, 30 inside the shield 24 make a tandem operation and emit radiations to the cell 26. Tandem radiations from a Co and a Po source 30, 28 exert good effect, and an increase in power of the fifth order of magnitude or more is made. The purge device 22 purges the Pd negative electrode for recovery, and the cell 26 is made able to be re-used.


OBJECTIVE: Studies of patients with head trauma have demonstrated a correlation between a serum marker of brain tissue damage, namely S100B, and neuroradiological findings. It was recently demonstrated that the increases in serum S100B levels after heart surgery have extracerebral origins, probably surgically traumatized fat, muscle, and bone marrow. The current study examined multitrauma patients without head trauma, to determine whether soft-tissue and bone damage might confound the interpretation of elevated serum S100B concentrations for patients after head trauma. METHODS: A commercial assay was used to determine serum S100B concentrations for a normal population (n 5 459) and multitrauma patients without head injury (n 5 17). Concentrations of the two subtypes of S100B (S100A1B and S100BB) were determined using separate noncommercial assays. RESULTS: The mean serum S100B concentration for a normal healthy population was 0.032 mg/L (median, 0.010 mg/L; standard deviation, 0.040 mg/L). The upper 97.5% and 95% reference limits were 0.13 and 0.10 mg/L, respectively. No major age or sex differences were observed. Among trauma patients, serum S100B levels were highest after bone fractures (range, 2–10 mg/L) and thoracic contusions without fractures (range, 0.5–4 mg/L). Burns (range, 0.8–5 mg/L) and minor bruises also produced increased S100B levels. S100A1B and S100BB were detected in all samples. CONCLUSION: Trauma, even in the absence of head trauma, results in high serum concentrations of S100B. Interpretation of elevated S100B concentrations immediately after multitrauma may be difficult because of extracerebral contributions. S100B may have a negative predictive value to exclude brain tissue damage after trauma. Similarly, nonacute S100B measurements may be of greater prognostic value than acute measurements. (Neurosurgery 48:1255–1260, 2001)


INTRODUCTION: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have achieved remarkable responses in patients with hematological malignancies; however, the potential of this therapeutic platform for solid tumors like glioblastoma (GBM) has been limited, due in large part to the targeting of single antigens in a heterogenous disease. Strategies that allow CAR T cells to engage multiple antigens concomitantly may broaden therapeutic responses and mitigate the effects of immune escape. METHODS: We generated a TanCART construct with dual specificity consisting of both the humanized anti-EGFRvIII scFv and IL-13 zetakine translated in tandem separated by a flexible glycine-serine linker. We also employed two monospecific CAR T cells, CART-EGFRvIII and CART-IL-13Rɑ2 as controls. We used both standard immunological assays and multiple orthotopic preclinical models including patient-derived xenograft to demonstrate efficacy of this approach against heterogenous tumors. RESULTS: Tandem CAR T cells displayed enhanced cytotoxicity in vitro against heterogeneous GBM populations, including patient-derived brain tumor cultures (P < 0.05). Compared to CAR T cells targeting single antigens, dual antigen engagement through the tandem construct was necessary to achieve long-term, complete and durable responses in orthotopic murine models of heterogeneous GBM, including patient-derived xenografts (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that TanCART is effective against heterogenous tumors in the brain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a tandem CAR T cell targeting EGFRvIII and IL-13Rɑ2 simultaneously. These data lend further credence to the development of multi-specific CAR T cells in the treatment of GBM and other cancers.


The invention discloses a kind of halberd formula coal bed gas horizontal well drilling methods, comprising: bores a single branch horizontal well;Bore multi-branched horizontal well;Another single branch horizontal well is bored, wherein boring multi-branched horizontal well includes: that the landing from multi-branched horizontal well in purpose coal seam is lighted, bores the main branch of first segment;The main branch of first segment first the first side of sidetracking branch from forward end to this section of main branch;The main branch of second segment is bored in the forward end of the main branch of first segment;The main branch of the second segment forward end to second sidetracking second side branch of the main branch of the second segment, the first side is opposite with second side;One section of main branch alternately is bored in the forward end of the main branch of the preceding paragraph and bores a branch, each branch and a upper distribution in the opposite side of main branch in the forward end of this section of main branch;The multi-branched horizontal well finishing drilling when main branch reaches the target spot in purpose coal seam.Drilling method Drilling ratio of the invention is high, and control gas area is big.


The relationship of one instrument to another within an ensemble and the quality of the composite tone produced have been empirically explored by the great composers of the past. Trial and error have played an important role here, however, and the reasons for the existence of intra‐ and inter‐instrumental relationships within an ensemble which influence the tonal sensation have never been investigated. The effects of masking in the tone quality of one instrument in the presence of others are herein considered. The strong partials of one instrument influence other partials in the composite tone of that instrument as well as the partials comprising the combined tones of the other instruments. For illustration, an ensemble consisting of a cornet, French horn, trombone, baritone and E♭ tuba were selected to present a simple chord in varying settings and degrees of dynamics. The hypothesis is that masking in ensemble‐playing consists of an accumulation of the masking effects produced by the components of the c...


We study the problem of finding orthogonal low-rank approximations of symmetric tensors. In the case of matrices, the approximation is a truncated singular value decomposition which is then symmetric. Moreover, for rank-one approximations of tensors of any dimension, a classical result proven by Banach in 1938 shows that the optimal approximation can always be chosen to be symmetric. In contrast to these results, this article shows that the corresponding statement is no longer true for orthogonal approximations of higher rank. Specifically, for any of the four common notions of tensor orthogonality used in the literature, we show that optimal orthogonal approximations of rank greater than one cannot always be chosen to be symmetric.


: Immature embryos of field-origin were cultured following an in vitro plant regeneration protocol established for genetic transformation experiments. Callus formation and somatic embryogenesis were induced at all the three spring wheat genotypes involved. Best results have been achieved at the established cultivar 'GK Tavasz' (up to 99% tissue culture response and 43% of embryogenic structures) while "model" genotypes of genetic transformation studies ('CY-45' and 'Bobwhite') gave inferior results for both parameters. These results suggest that the latter lines are less amenable to present good plant material for tissue culture purposes if grown in the field. Embryos of smaller size (0.5-1.5 mm) resulted higher induction rate of somatic embryos at 'Bobwhite' and 'GK Tavasz' while at 'CY-45' larger embryos (>1.5 mm) gave the better result.


Irradiation of 4-Allylated 2,6-Dimethylanilines in Methanol

4-Allyl-, 4-(1′-methylallyl)-, 4-(2′-butenyl)-, and 4-(1′,1′-dimethylallyl)-2,6-dimethylaniline (14–17; cf. Scheme 3) were obtained by the acid catalysed, thermal rearrangement of the corresponding N-allylated anilines in good yields. Aniline 14, when irradiated with a high pressure mercury lamp through quartz in methanol, yielded as main product 4-(2′-methoxypropyl)-2,6-dimethylaniline (22; cf. Scheme 4) and, in addition, 2,6-dimethyl-4-propylaniline (18) and 4-cyclopropyl-2,6-dimethylaniline (23). The analogous products, namely erythro- and threo-4-(2′-methoxy-1′-methylpropyl)-2,6-dimethylaniline (erythro- and threo-24), 2,6-dimethyl-4-(1′-methylpropyl)aniline (19), trans- and cis-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2′-methylcyclopropyl)aniline (trans- and cis-25), as well as small amounts of 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethylaniline (26), were formed by irradiation of 15 in methanol (cf. Scheme 5). When this photoreaction was carried out in O-deuteriomethanol, erythro- and threo-24 showed an up-take of one deuterium atom in the side chain. The mass spectra of erythro- and threo-24 revealed that in 50% of the molecules the deuterium was located at the methyl group at C(1′) and in the other 50% at the methyl group at C(2′) (cf. Scheme 6). This is a good indication that the methanol addition products arise from methanolysis of intermediate spiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-imines (cf. Scheme 7). This assumption is further supported by the photoreaction of 17 in methanol (cf. Scheme 8) which led to the formation of 4-(2′-methoxy-1′,2′-dimethylpropyl)-2,6-dimethylaniline (28) as main product. The occurrence of a rearranged side chain in 28 can again be explained by the intervention of a spirodienimine 31 (cf. Scheme 9). In comparison with 14, 15 and 17, the 2′-butenylaniline 16 reacted only sluggishly on irradiation in methanol (cf. Scheme 10). It is suggested that all photoproducts - except for the cyclopropyl derivatives which are formed presumably via a triplet di-π-methane rearrangement - arise from an intramolecular singlet electron-donor-acceptor complex between the aniline and ethylene chromophor of the side chain. Protonation of this complex at C(3′) or C(2′) will lead to diradicals (e.g.33 and 34, respectively, in Scheme 11). The diradicals of type 33 undergo ring closure to the corresponding spirodienimine intermediates (e.g.31) whereas the diradicals of type 34 take up two hydrogen atoms to yield the photo-hydrogenated compounds (e.g.21) or undergo to a minor extent fragmentation to side chain degraded products (e.g.30; see also footnote 7).–Irradiation of 4-ally-2,6-dimethylaniline (14) in benzene or cyclohexane yielded the corresponding azo compound 38(cf. Scheme 12), whereas its N,N-dimethyl derivative 41 was transformed into the cyclopropyl derivative 42. The allyl moiety in 14 is not necessary for the formation of azo compounds since 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (39) exhibited the same type of photoreaction in benzene solution.


Several Computing Departments have described using robots to illuminate concepts and motivate students in introductory programming courses. We describe an ongoing effort to teach concepts of problem solving to computing freshmen, prior to their initial programming experience.


The "N1+de+N2" structure in modern Chinese has creativity in its implicit meanings,illustrated from the common feature in different things,the way of wholly grasping characteristics of matter,and establishment of practical connection between symbols and things as well as limitation of spanning time and space,etc.The paper points out that the mechanism of the structure mainly refers to mapping and semantic extension among concepts and categories.


A lot of children have speech sound disorders, according to an inventory study 90% of the clients in speech therapists practices have articulation problems. Articulation difficulties can be differentiated into verbal oral-motor disorders, phonetic disorders, consistent and inconsistent phonological disorders. The last category named is discussed in this article. This single case study evaluates an intervention approach for inconsistent phonological speech difficulties. An approach for the treatment of inconsistent phonological speech disorders is Core Vocabulary Therapy (CVT). The effects of CVT on a 4 year old child with severe phonological difficulties will be described in this study. Preand post-intervention measures shows that J. made an improvement on raw scores, although she did not make a significant progress. However, the progress that has been made might be a first step to achieve consistent speech.


Residents living in the county's most remote locations will benefit from a new initiative launched by Yorkshire Ambulance Service NHS Trust. MapMe ...


Vacuum brazing experiments of Cf /C composites were carried out using pure Al and Al-5Ti-B as filler metals.The microstructure of the brazing joints were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer,the shearing strength of the joints were measured.The joining mechanisms were explored.The results indicate that the brazing temperature is the important processing parameter affecting the quality of the brazed joints.Vacuum brazing of Cf /C composites can be achieved using the pure Al and Al-5Ti-B brazing fillers at the brazing temperature of 730 or 750 ℃,respectively.Moreover,the joints have excellent microstructure and shear strength gets the level of practical applications up to 16 MPa.


The aim of this study was to determine the quantity of bioactive compounds in aqueous extracts of nettle root, grown with nitrogen fertilization (100 kg n/ha) and without fertilization (0 kg n/ha), and in the extract of commercial nettle root powder. Determination of total phenols, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavan-3-oles was carried out spectrophotometrically. The highest concentrations of bioactive compounds were determined in the commercial powder. The concentrations of total phenols, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavan-3-oles are higher in fertilized rhizome powder compared to unfertilized.


Reproductive Medicine & Legal Parentage: Breaking the Silence on the Legal Rights of Genetic and Gestational Parents-Culliton v. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center1-The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts (SJC) held that the genetic parents of twins conceived through artificial insemination in a third-party gestational carrier are the legal parents of the twins.2 Plaintiffs Marla and Steve Culliton contracted with Melissa Caroll to implant embryos created from Marla Culliton's ova and Steve Culliton's sperm into Carroll's uterus. Pursuant to the contract, Carroll agreed to carry and deliver any child resulting from the implantation, and to permit the plaintiffs to have sole physical and legal custody of the child or children. Several months into the pregnancy, the plaintiffs filed a complaint in the Essex Probate and Family Court seeking a declaration of paternity and maternity. At that time, the plaintiffs also sought a pre-birth order directing the hospital where they planned for the babies to be born to designate the plaintiffs as mother and father on the children's birth certificates. The Probate Court concluded that it lacked the authority to issue a pre-birth order of parentage and dismissed the case. On its own initiative, the SJC transferred the case to its docket from the appellate court. After reviewing a number of statutes concerning surrogacy agreements, the court concluded that there is no direct legal authority for issuing a pre-birth order regarding parentage under the facts of this case.3 The court determined that M.G.L. 209(C),4 which establishes procedures for determining paternity and maternity of children born out of wedlock, was inapplicable to this case because the twins, although born to an unmarried gestational carrier, were not born out of wedlock-a married couple conceived them.5 The court also considered applying the adoption statute, M.G.L. 210,6 which courts often use when deciding whether to enforce a traditional surrogacy agreement, but determined that it was inapplicable to the strictly gestational surrogacy agreement in Culliton.7 Further, the court rejected the plaintiffs' argument that M.G.L. 46(8) governs this case. This statute establishes that any child born to a married woman through artificial insemination shall be considered the legitimate child of both the mother and her husband. The court stated that chapter 46 applies only when a child is born to a fertile mother whose husband is infertile and, thus, could not apply under the facts of the Culliton case.9 In the absence of statutory authority, the court based its decision on a balancing of policy considerations, First, the court considered the rights of parents and the best interests of the child. Delays in determining parentage could interfere with a child's access to medical treatment, or deprive a child of social security benefits or other inheritance should a parent die intestate before a post-birth action.10 Such complications can be minimized or avoided by determining parentage in a pre-birth action. Second, the court noted that whether or not the gestational carrier is listed on the birth certificate, the hospital has a duty under the Department of Public Health and the Registrar of Vital Records and Statistics to report facts and statistical information concerning the gestational mother, I Information such as length of pregnancy, prenatal care, complications and labor and delivery procedures aid in monitoring and researching maternal and infant health and mortality. This information also sheds light on the outcomes of technologically assisted births.12 Finally, the court considered the unique facts of this case. …


Electromagnetic radiation can be described as a stream of individual photons. In solid-state detectors (e.g., photocathodes or semiconductor photosensors), each photon of sufficient energy creates one or several mobile charge carriers which can be subsequently detected with sensitive electronic circuits, possibly after charge packet multiplication employing the avalanche effect. Two types of noise limit the resolution with which individual photons can be detected: (1) The number of detectable photons or photoelectrons shows a statistical variation, which is often well-described as a Poisson distribution. (2) Photogeneration of mobile charge carriers competes with thermal generation, and thermal noise is compromising the generation of photocharges ("dark current") as well as the performance of electronic charge detection circuits ("Johnson noise" and "random telegraph signal noise"). It is shown that the laws of physics and the performance of today's semiconductor fabrication processes allow the detection of individual photons and photocharges in image sensors at room temperature and at video rate.


J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fall of Arthur. Edited by Christopher Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013. isbn: 978-0-544-11589-7. 233 pp. $25.00.Around 1930, J.R.R. Tolkien, then Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford University, began composing a long alliterative poem in modern English that bears the title The Fall of Arthur. Tolkien showed the unfinished work early on to his friend R.W. Chambers, Professor of English at University College, London, who praised the poem ('very great indeed...really heroic') and urged Tolkien to finish it. Not surprisingly, Tolkien did not, and seems to have shown the work to few people after that. A few years ago, after several requests, I was granted a glimpse of one of the handwritten manuscript pages at the Bodleian Library. Beginning as precise as the most careful Carolingian scribe, Tolkien's handwriting deteriorated to near illegibility by the bottom of the page. And yet, there was great promise in this bit of narrative verse, a conversation between King Arthur and Gawain over whether to recall Lancelot from exile to face the army of the usurper Mordred. Grim voices emerged from Beowulfian half-lines; never before had Camelot sounded so like Heorot.There was much excitement and anticipation among both Arthurians and Tolkienophiles when Christopher Tolkien announced last year that the entire extant poem (five cantos, forty printed pages) would be published with annotations and commentary in May 2013. So, after eighty years of waiting, do we have in The Fall of Arthur a major contribution to either the Arthurian or the Tolkienian corpus? I would argue that, unfortunately, the poem falls just short in both regards. There are glimpses of great power and beauty, but they are not sustained.The narrative focuses on a moment first appearing in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae: Mordred's seizure of queen and crown during Arthur's continental wars. Tolkien was attracted particularly to the version of the story found in the fourteenth century Alliterative Morte Arthure, and his poem follows the sequence of events in the Morte with some exceptions. The Fall of Arthur begins with a description of Arthur and Gawain waging wars in the east, not, as in Geoffrey's account, against the Roman emperor, but rather against Rome's barbarian enemies, in particular the Saxons.Halls and temples of the heathen kingshis might assailed marching in conquest' (18).In the midst of Arthur's success the King hears about Mordred's betrayal, and wishes he had the company of Lancelot as he returns to Britain to face Mordred's army:'Now for Lancelot I long sorely,and we miss now most the mighty swordsof Ban's kindred. Best me seemethswift word to send, service cravingto their lord of old. To this leagued treasonwe must power oppose, proud returningwith matchless might Mordred to humble' (24).Gawain reminds Arthur of the reason for Lancelot's absence-'If Lancelot hath loyal purposelet him prove repentance' (25)-and convinces the King that he has sufficient might to defeat Mordred and recover his crown:'Arthur and Gawain! Evil greaterhath fled aforetime that we faced together' (25).Mordred, meanwhile, is tormented by his lust for...Guinever the golden with gleaming limbs.as fair and fell as fay-womanin the world walking for the woe of menno tear shedding...(27).Waked from his 'desire unsated and savage fury' (28), Mordred learns from a Frisian sea captain of Arthur's swift return to Britain. Gathering a massive army offoes of Arthur... freebootersof Erin and Alban and East-Sassoin,of Almain and Angel and the isles of mist;the crows of the coast and the cold marshes'(30),Mordred turned from Guenevere and Camelot to oppose Arthur's landing at Romeril, watching in fear for Lancelot's blazon to appear among the sails of Arthur's fleet. …


Arguing about an Australian English curriculum has been ongoing, in particular in New South Wales since the English Forms I-V syllabus was introduced in 1953. In this discordant spirit, many responses have been offered so far to the new Australian English Curriculum (AEC1). Probably the most comprehensive is the NSW English Teachers Association response (ETA, 2010), which touches upon the whole breadth of what might be called an English education. This last term is not uncontested. Discussions about composing English syllabi in the Western world are strewn with battle metaphors (O'Sullivan, 2005). THE RETREAT FROM CRITICAL LITERACY IN THE NEW AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH CURRICULUM


Introduction: Facial fractures in children account for 15% of all facial fractures in the general population. Children are more likely to have mandibular fractures than midface fractures, with condylar fractures being the most prevalent, followed by parasymphysis, angle, and body fractures. The low prevalence of mandibular fractures in children can be linked to the safe environment they are provided with as well as their unique growing patterns. Pediatric patients present a unique challenge to maxillofacial surgeons in terms of their treatment planning and in their functional needs. Materials and Methods: A prospective analysis of pediatric patients with mandibular symphysis/parasymphysis/body fractures operated from January 2016 to October 2021 was performed. Clinical photographs and orthopantomogram assessment at the time of presentation, after treatment, and at 6 months postoperatively were evaluated. Result: All 17 patients were followed up until the period of 6 months, and none of them had any major complications. Postoperatively, there was satisfactory healing and union of fracture fragments in all the patients. Only 1 patient developed an infection in the submental region. In each case, the surgical splint was removed during 15 to 21 postoperative days. The 6-month follow-up showed good occlusion, without interference in teeth eruption, and no signs of temporomandibular joint problems. Conclusions: In our study, because of the sheer ease of fabrication, maintenance of periodontal tissue integrity, patient compliance, and convenience of measuring the occlusion following reduction, we chose an acrylic cap splint followed by circummandibular wiring.


Amine oxidase inhibitors and imipramine (Tofrānil) are now widely used in the treatment of the depressive states. In many instances these agents are substituted for electroshock therapy. Inasmuch as they are given to many potentially suicidal patients, toxicity becomes a matter of utmost importance. Occasionally imipramine and an MAO inhibitor may be combined or one may be substituted for the other in order to produce a more effective therapeutic response. Potentiation or addition of toxic and possibly lethal effects may become a serious practical matter and pose many problems in management. Recently clinical reports 1,2 have described the disastrous results of overdosage with a combination of imipramine and the MAO inhibitor, phenelzine (Nardil). The present paper describes a case of serious toxicity in a patient taking excessive doses of a new MAO inhibitor, tranylcypromine (Parnate), and imipramine. Preliminary toxicity data in rats support clinical observation in this case of


Mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were monitored in pentobarbital‐anesthetized rats after intravenous injections of GABA, THIP, or isoguvacine‐HCl (all at 0.1–100 mg/kg). GABA produced dose‐dependent hypotension and bradycardia; THIP produced no appreciable effect on either parameter; and isoguvacine produced hypotension, but no marked change in heart rate. The transient hypotension and bradycardia produced by GABA (1 mg/kg) were partially blocked by pretreatment of the animals with bicuculline or bicuculline‐methobromide. After pretreatment with bicuculline or bicuculline‐methobromide, the hypotensive effect of isoguvacine (1 mg/kg) occurred more rapidly (i.e., during the first 5 min, rather than during 5–15 min after injection of isoguvacine). As THIP penetrates the blood‐brain barrier more readily than GABA or isoguvacine, as GABA and isoguvacine exerted more pronounced cardiovascular effects than THIP, and as bicuculline and bicuculline‐methobromide affected the cardiovascular actions of GABA and isoguvacine, it is suggested that activation of peripheral GABA receptors might explain part of the cardiovascular effects produced by intravenously injected GABA. Further study of isoguvacine and its derivatives might lead to the development of hypotensive (antihypertensive) agents that act on peripheral GABA‐ergic systems.


Based on the proliferation of smartphones, a new type of social networking called Proximity based Social Networking (PBSN) was emerged based on the geo-locations of users in the vicinity. However, many concerns have been reported recently on PBSN applications where user information is intercepted and misused, specifically locations of users which are sensitive data. In this paper, a secure PBSN application called MobiShop has been designed and implemented for the largest shopping mall in Mauritius. Users can receive advertisements or coupons from shops when they are approaching those shops, buy cinema tickets and place orders in the food court using the MobiShop application. The payment is then done directly at the counters when they receive their tickets or food by using a transaction ID. Different security measures have been integrated in the application to secure the information and communication of the users. The AllJoyn framework is used to implement the discovery process and the chat system. All messages exchanged are encrypted using the RSA cryptographic algorithm and the passwords of the users are encrypted using the SHA-512 Hash algorithm. Evaluation tests have shown that MobiShop offers a secure platform for the Mauritian shoppers where integrity of the system is ensured and attacks such as man-in-the-middle attacks are prevented.


In this work, we address the issue of handling complex continuous evolutions of the environment of embedded systems. There is now an impressive amount of research in the area of intelligent embedded controllers, and thus we do not need to argue about the importance of this subject. Our contribution is twofold: 1. define a new problem, that of using complex mathematical information about continuous environments; and 2. propose an initial solution in the form of a new logic defined using Hilbertian methods. This represents the first step towards using abstract continuous mathematics in formal methods, a program that we have called Hilbertian formal methods.


In this paper, dielectric permittivity of dielectric mixtures is discussed in view of the spectral density representation method. A distinct representation is derived for predicting the dielectric properties [Tuncer E 2005 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 17 L125]. In order to illustrate the strength of the representation and confirm the proposed hypothesis, Landau-Lifshitz/Looyenga expression is selected, and the structural information of the mixture is extracted. Both a recently developed numerical method to solve inverse integral transforms and the proposed empirical scaled permittivity expression are employed to estimate the spectral density function of the Landau-Lifshitz/Looyenga expression. In the simulations the concentration q of the inclusions phase are varied. The estimated spectral functions for the mixtures with different inclusion concentration compositions show similar spectral density functions, composed of couple of bell-shaped distributions, with coinciding peak locations. We think therefore that the coincidence is an absolute illustration of a self-similar fractal nature of mixture topology (structure) for the considered Landau-Lifshitz/Looyenga expression. Consequently, the spectra are not altered significantly with increased filler concentration level--exhibit a self-similar spectral density functions for different concentration levels. We conclude that the Landau-Lifshitz/Looyenga expression is therefore suitable for complex composite systems that have hierarchical order in their structure, which confirms the finding in the literature.


Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is an interesting trait for the maize seed industry, leading to lower costs for the production of hybrid seed by eliminating the labor-intensive mechanical emasculation of the seed parent line. In recent years most hybrid seeds based on a male-sterile inbred line are produced with the major cms types cms-C and cms-S, replacing cms-T, which is susceptible to Southern Corn Leaf Blight. There is very little knowledge on the effect of these different cms types on the yield of modern hybrids. The present study was carried out in 1999 and 2000 in the southern part of Switzerland to investigate the general impact of cms on yield as well as the specific effects of different cms types. A set of hybrid combinations of Corn Belt dent lines and modern European flint lines was used. In general, cms had a positive effect on the yield of all the tested hybrids in both years. In the high yielding year 1999 all the tested hybrids with cms-C cytoplasm yielded higher than hybrids with cms-S cytoplasm. In 2000, when yields were low due to unfavorable weather conditions, all the cms cytoplasm similarly contributed to an increased yield consistency.


ABSTRACT Glass matrix based fertilizers (GMF) are new mineral fertilizers, able to release nutrients on the basis of plant demand: they are soluble only in metal complexing solutions, such as those exuded by plant roots. Moreover, nutrient release could be increased by mixing the glass-matrix fertilizer to different organic biomasses, such as leather meal, digested vine vinasse, etc. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted for assessing the effect of an organo-mineral fertilizer, obtained by mixing GMF with increasing percentages of digested vine vinasse [DVV, at 5% (GMF95), 20% (GMF80) and 50% (GMF50) w/w], on the root and shoot biomass and nutritional status of Zea mays L. seedlings. Among tested fertilizers, the formulations GMF80 and GMF50 gave the best results as shoot/root ratio. The treatments with GMF, GMF95 and GMF80 gave rise to a significant increase of both shoot and root biomass and a tendency to increase the macro and micronutrients availability.


Directional microphones have long been proposed for the removal of room reverberation. An array microphone would seem ideal for this purpose, since theoretically it can be aimed anywhere within the room. However, microphone pattern beamwidth is related to wavelength and aperture size. For a fixed-size aperture, as wavelength goes down so does beamwidth. The change in beamwidth over a decade change in wavelength would seem to be unacceptable for this application. We discuss the design of a constant beamwidth array microphone for the frequency range 300 to 3000 Hz. Because the microphone-to-talker distance is assumed to be about 3 ft while the array has a 9-ft aperture, the microphone is optimized for near field. We also discuss the use of a nonlinear optimization program for choosing the array parameters.


"Learning together in the family" is a radial proposal that intended to assist parents in managing relationships with their children in the context of specific conflicts that occur in everyday life, raising the importance of communication based on dialogue as the main alternative for resolving these conflicts. There are in society a type of violence that is invisible for being culturally accepted, that is given from the fathers to the children in situations certainly not perceived as attempts to child development. However, the first and most important relationship of a human being, in most cases, which is constructed with their parents. That's because is necessary to identify the obstacles to a good relationship between parents and children and provide a communicative alternative to these problems. A proper relationship between children with adults is crucial to their future development, so through this product will highlight the capacity that need adults in conflict management to prevent all forms of violence towards children. Through thirteen radio broadcasts transmitted by In Radio, the program reveals the reality of relationships between parents and children and addresses specifically the various conflicts to generate an alternative solution that directly involves parents in the transformation of parenting and discipline, based on dialogue.


The article considers new forms of the state housing policy. The author argues to establish the federal special fund to support housing mortgage debtors,¬ to complete Tax Code of the Russian Federation with preferences for such debtors, housing cooperatives and their members.


The present invention relates to an error propagation suppressing method in a bidirectional digital compressed image data communication system, the method comprising: receiving an image frame inputted from the outside the process according to the invention (a); (B) the step of checking feedback error information including an error block location of the compressed image frame detected in the decoding process in the decoder receives via a communication network; (C) When the feedback error information received in the step (b) is present, encoding the error block location and the error block included in the feedback error information in the image frame received in step (a) to an inter coding scheme by coding the search range is referenced to the intra-coding method, and the remaining area is encoded by inter-coding method steps constituting a compressed image frame; And (d) the (c) comprises the step of transmitting via a compressed image frame, the communication network is configured in step, the error block location included in the feedback error information in step (b) is set to a macroblock unit of 16x16 pixels characterized in that. By according, fed back to the encoder it when detecting an error in the decoder and the encoder uses a technique with reference to feedback information encoding the search range of the block and the block to force the inter-coding scheme to the invention, It has the effect of inhibiting error propagation which occurs in a digital image data communication system.


After more than one hundred years, the future of a unified Probation Service looks bleak in the face of current proposals by the Ministry of Justice to open up the market for rehabilitation services to new providers from the private, voluntary and community sectors.


Abstract For over half a century, conventionally fractionated whole-liver radiation has been used for the palliation of diffuse, symptomatic liver metastases. More recently, interest has grown in identifying subsets of patients with a limited disease burden where focal ablation of metastases may improve disease control and prolong survival. Although promising outcomes have been reached following resection of liver metastases, most patients are not resection candidates. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a modern technique for the delivery of ablative, high-dose external beam radiation with subcentimeter accuracy. SBRT is supported by a large body of prospective clinical trials and has emerged as a highly effective, safe, and non-invasive therapy for hepatic metastases. The following review examines the evolution of hepatic radiation, focusing on the emergence of SBRT and its associated outcomes and clinical considerations.


Objective Spinal fusion has been widely used to obtain stability in cervical spinal surgery, but the long-term follow up results such as adjacent segment degeneration have been reported with incidence exceeding 30%. In order to avoiding such a complication, efforts have been made to develop an artificial disc and in disc transplantation.Methods A total of five cases were included in this study, four males and one female. The range of ages was 41~58 years, with a mean age of 47 years. The cases of four patients were involving the degenerative cervical intervertibral disc protrution with spondylotic myelopathy, only one patient was involving traumatic cervical disc protrution with tetraparaplegie. The cervical spine was harvested from healthy donor, then osteotomy was made and the intervertibral disc with 1~2 mm slice bone above and below the disc were gradually frozen; finally, they were preserved in the liquid nitrogen (-196°C) until surgery. The degenerative or traumatic cervical disc was excised with anterior approach. After removal of the disc, a preserved frozen disc of most compatible size performed as allograft was selected and positioned into the slot of the excised disc. No internal fixation was used in all of cases. Results The follow up time lasted 22~34months,and was 28.8 months in average. All grafted discs were survived without dislocations and subluxations. The height of disc decreased gradually, but still maintained 76.2% of its original height in 24months' follow-up. The flexion and extension of grafted disc was in average 8.8 degree at the follow-up24months. According to the JOA scores, it raised from 8 points pre-operatively to 13.2 points post-operatively. The patient with tetraparalegie was improved to be from Frankel B pre-operatively to Frankel D post-operatively in neurologic function. MRI showed that the grafted discs had normal T 1 and T 2 weighted images in the late follow-up. Conclusion The present results showed that the allograft of frozen intervertebral disc was able to survive and maintain reasonable cervical disc height and segment mobility in the early postoperatively stage. Long time follow-up results are still kept on going.


Spectral analysis of hourly wind records obtained at Adelaide, South Australia, illustrate a shift of the major sources of kinetic energy from the locally induced diurnal oscillation in summer to synoptic variations in winter. The physical significance of the summer oscillation is also shown to be location dependent.


Texturing of multicrystalline silicon were prepared by isotropic acidic etching.The mixtures contained hydrofluoric acid(HF) and nitric acid(HNO3),with NaH2PO4.2H2O solution added as diluents.Texturing of multicrystalline silicon were analyzed by SEM,AFM and ultraviolet spectrophotometer,and the mechanism of silicon etching was preliminary discussed.The results show that the surface of multicrystalline silicon being etched has uniform etched-pits and efficient light trapping with NaH2PO4.2H2O solution added as diluents in HNO3/HF mixture.Optimized the conditions,etching rate can control about 2 μm/min,and it meets requirement for industrial production.In HF-rich HF/HNO3 mixtures the surface of multicrystalline silicon easily form etched-pits with sharp edges,more or less small hole,and the lowest reflectance can reach 16.5%~17.5%.In HNO3-rich HF/HNO3 mixtures the surface of multicrystalline silicon form shallower etch pits,larger size bubble-like texture or polished Si wafers and the higher reflectance.


William Crane and Sol Smith Russell, for her active involvement in putting her own plays onstage, and for her mentorship of younger women dramatists. The chapter culminates with the complete text of Morton's address to the all-male American Dramatists' Club at Delmonico's on 20 January 1907—a delightful record of her wit and astuteness. Ironically, both Morton in her address and Engle in her notes (202) signal Charles Klein as the only male charter member of Morton's newly formed Society of Dramatic Authors, but neither gives us the names of Morton's twenty-nine women colleagues.


Deposition of sediment by means of discharging via the bottom doors of a Trailing Suction Hopper Dredge is a method often used. This method can be deployed for land reclamation and backfilling of trenches for pipelines or outfalls. The sediment will leave the hopper as a mixture of sand and water. Sand will settle from this mixture. The shape of the under water body is governed by the dynamic settling process from a (sometimes highly concentrated) density current. Slopes angles and density of the sand body and possible segregation is depending on the discharge production, sediment characteristics, water depth and ambient current. In the paper the discharge process is simulated using a 2 dimensional numerical model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. In this model the momentum and sediment transport equations are solved. The model includes a morphological module therefore slopes angles can be predicted. The computational results are validated using laboratory tests. The efficiency of the backfilling process, expressed as the ratio between the volumes of settled sediment in the trench and the discharged sediment, is determined as a function of the domination process parameters.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


We constrain the mass--richness scaling relation of redMaPPer galaxy clusters identified in the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 data using weak gravitational lensing. We split clusters into 4×3 bins of richness λ and redshift z for λ≥20 and 0.2≤z≤0.65 and measure the mean masses of these bins using their stacked weak lensing signal. By modeling the scaling relation as ⟨M 200m |λ,z⟩=M 0 (λ/40) F ((1+z)/1.35) G , we constrain the normalization of the scaling relation at the 5.0 per cent level as M 0 =[3.081±0.075(stat)±0.133(sys)]⋅10 14 M ⊙ at λ=40 and z=0.35 . The richness scaling index is constrained to be F=1.356±0.051 (stat)±0.008 (sys) and the redshift scaling index G=−0.30±0.30 (stat)±0.06 (sys) . These are the tightest measurements of the normalization and richness scaling index made to date. We use a semi-analytic covariance matrix to characterize the statistical errors in the recovered weak lensing profiles. Our analysis accounts for the following sources of systematic error: shear and photometric redshift errors, cluster miscentering, cluster member dilution of the source sample, systematic uncertainties in the modeling of the halo--mass correlation function, halo triaxiality, and projection effects. We discuss prospects for reducing this systematic error budget, which dominates the uncertainty on M 0. Our result is in excellent agreement with, but has significantly smaller uncertainties than, previous measurements in the literature, and augurs well for the power of the DES cluster survey as a tool for precision cosmology and upcoming galaxy surveys such as LSST, Euclid and WFIRST.


Contouring control is crucial in high-speed and high-precision manufacturing. In this paper, a novel task polar coordinate frame (TPCF), moving along the desired contour, is proposed to naturally calculate and control the estimated contouring error by the circular approximation, a second-order approximation. The dynamics in the world Cartesian coordinate frame is transformed into radial and angular dynamics in the local polar coordinate frame. By the feedback linearization technique and an input feedforward compensation, the closed-loop dynamics are decoupled in terms of the estimated contouring error and the angular error, respectively. Proportional-plus-derivative controllers can be assigned to stabilize the individual axis dynamics in the TPCF. By tuning the control parameters, different strengthening on estimated contouring error and angular error can be imposed explicitly and directly. Various experiments on an XY-stage biaxial system with typical contours, a circle and a figure-"8," were conducted. Comparative studies are carried out for the TPCF- and traditional Frenet frame-based controls. The contouring errors were drastically reduced by the proposed approach, particularly in high-speed and large-curvature contouring cases.


We present the optical and mechanical design of a mechanically compliant quasi-two-dimensional photonic crystal cavity formed from thin-film silicon in which a pair of linear nanoscale slots are used to create two coupled high-Q optical resonances. The optical cavity supermodes, whose frequencies are designed to lie in the 1500 nm wavelength band, are shown to interact strongly with mechanical resonances of the structure whose frequencies range from a few MHz to a few GHz. Depending upon the symmetry of the mechanical modes and the symmetry of the slot sizes, we show that the optomechanical coupling between the optical supermodes can be either linear or quadratic in the mechanical displacement amplitude. Tuning of the nanoscale slot size is also shown to adjust the magnitude and sign of the cavity supermode splitting 2J, enabling near-resonant motional scattering between the two optical supermodes and greatly enhancing the x 2-coupling strength. Specifically, for the fundamental flexural mode of the central nanobeam of the structure at 10 MHz the per-phonon linear cross-mode coupling rate is calculated to be˜g +− /2π = 1 MHz, corresponding to a per-phonon x 2-coupling rate of˜g /2π = 1 kHz for a mode splitting 2J/2π = 1 GHz which is greater than the radiation-limited supermode linewidths. Strong dispersive coupling of a high-finesse cavity to a micromechanical membrane, " Nature 452, 72–75 (2008). Enhanced quantum nonlinearities in a two-mode optomechanical system, " Phys. Standard quantum limit for probing mechanical energy quantization, " Phys. Ground-state cooling of mechanical motion in the unresolved sideband regime by use of optomechanically induced transparency, " Phys. Cascaded optical transparency in multimode-cavity optomechanical systems, " Nat. Phase synchronization of two anharmonic nanomechanical oscillators, " Phys. Antibunching photons in a cavity coupled to an optomechanical system, " J. Phys. B At. Mol. An all-silicon single-photon source by unconventional photon blockade, " Sci. Analysis of radiation-pressure induced mechanical oscillation of an optical microcavity, " Phys. A high-resolution microchip optomechanical accelerometer, " Nat. quantum information processing with photons and phonons, " Phys. dynamics in a cavity with avoided crossings, " Nat. Observation of three-mode parametric instability, " Phys. Phonon laser action in a tunable two-level system, " Phys. Rev. Block-iterative frequency-domain methods for maxwell's equations in a planewave basis, " Opt. A picogram-and nanometre-scale photonic-crystal optomechanical cavity, Optical and mechanical design of a "zipper" photonic crystal optomechanical cavity, " Opt. Quantum backaction and noise interference in asymmetric two-cavity optomechanical systems, …


This research was conducted on the basis of whether the total executive compensation effect on real earnings management in Indonesia. Previous research conducted by Hassen (2014) found that executive compensation significantly the effect on earnings management. This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the effect of total executive compensation against real earnings management in Indonesia.
 This study uses the amount of executive compensation and stock option compensation amount as a proxy of total executive compensation and the model developed by Roychowdhury (2006) to calculate the real earnings management proxied through abnormal cash flow operations (Abn_CFO), abnormal discretionary expenses (Abn_DISEXP) and abnormal production costs (Abn_PROD). This study uses the companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the years 2010-2013 as the sample. The results showed that the amount of executive compensation and stock option compensation amount significant effect on real earnings management proxied by abnormal cash flow operations (Abn_CFO), abnormal discretionary expenses (Abn_DISEXP), and abnormal production costs (Abn_PROD).


Studies carried out by McGough and Swern (1981, 1983) are summarized. In these studies, an avionics processor was simulated and a series of fault injection experiments was carried out to determine the degree of fault latency in a redundant flight control system that employed comparison monitoring as the exclusive means of failure detection. A determination was also made of the fault coverage of a typical self-test program. The summary presented stresses that a self-test program should be designed to capitalize on the hardware mechanization of the processor. If this is not done, subtests tend to repeatedly exercise the same hardware components while neglecting to exercise a substantial proportion of the remainder. It is also pointed out that fault latency is relatively independent of both the length and instruction mix of a program. A significant difference is found in fault coverage assessed using pin-level and gate-level fault models.


The unsteady flow in Laval nozzle for the molecular laser isotope separation (MLIS) of uranium is numerically simulated by solving the Euler equation through Harten-Yee TVD method, in order to clar...


Surface functionalization induced ferromagnetism and half-metallicity of 2D-Double transition metal-based carbide and nitride MXenes makes them promising materials for nano-spintronic and electronic device applications.


Neoliberalism is not only an attack on public policies that have softened the effects of capitalism. It is also an assault on the basic tenets of the sociological enterprise.


INTRODUCTION The modern political world has been complex and controversial for thousands of years. The socio-political organization of human society was changing, mechanisms of interaction between peoples were updated and complicated. And since the legacy of the past is manifested in one way or another today, one can only understand events that take place in the political space by reference to their essence and content. One such event in the political world is the process of transition to democracy. The problem of the establishment and development of democratic foundations has been central to political science and has been addressed for a long time to a greater or lesser extent. In the 1980s and 1990s, the interest of researchers in the problems of democracy and the factors that caused it rose again. This is partly due to the fact that democratization, which took place in a number of regions of the world, was accompanied by trends not previously inherent in the formation of democracy. And thus, new political realities have created an additional impetus for researchers: a new subject area of analysis is formed, and thus the situation of controversy and reflection on new theoretical approaches to it. We can agree with O.V. Babkina, who at the present stage of understanding the problems of the transition to democracy in political science is carried out in the framework of the transitological approach, which emerged during the neo-institutional turn of the 1980s-90s and the expansion of the theory of rational choice from economics to political science and social theory. The transitological paradigm focuses not on the objective conditions and preconditions of democracy, but on the activities of the main political actors – above all, the strategic choices and actions of political elites 1 .


Through series of visualized experiments,the phase split characteristic of slug flow and annular flow in a horizontal T-junction with diameter 0.5 mm was investigated.It is found the phase split curves of slug flow mainly locate at gas rich region.As the inlet liquid velocity increasing,the liquid taken off increases at low gas taken off but decreases at high gas taken off.As for the split curves of annular flow,they mainly locate at liquid rich region.The liquid taken off of annular flow decreases with increase of inlet liquid velocity but increases with increase of inlet gas velocity.


Applied Research with objects of the SME Exhibition Stage in the form of portable stage buildings with inflatable structure roofs using PVC Tarpaulin fabric material. These facilities can be built, dismantled and moved to other locations easily, safely, quickly and lightly with independent energy sources (photovoltaic solar energy systems). The research objective is to develop stage facilities as a means of exhibiting SME products that fulfill aesthetic aspects, strength, speed, effectiveness, comfort and energy saving so as to encourage the development of creative economy SMEs. The research method used the Experimental Method and Action Research, beginning with the development of design, manufacture and testing of portable stage models with pneumatic air inflated stage roofs of Independent Energy, including: (1) speed test of the manufacture, transport, assembly, installation, dismantling of pneumatic air inflated structures and solar energy modules, (2) strength testing of Air Inflated materials (3) thermal comfort tests under the roof of the stage of Air Inflated pneumatic structures, (4) testing the effectiveness of using photovoltaic solar energy to drive inflatable stage roof blowers. The tests were carried out at the University of Merdeka Malang Lab and Field Tests in Malang City and Regency, proved to provide reliable and satisfying results, including: a) speed of installation and demolition installations (23 minutes portable stage, 6 minutes inflatable roof, solar panel installation 15 minutes) , b) the required air pressure is only 0.7 psi to set up an inflatable roof, c) the tensile strength of PVC tarpaulin material reaches 312 kg / cm2, d) 4 solar panels each with a capacity of 100 wp with energy storage in the form of a 100 AH battery 12 V and 1000 W converter in bright conditions produce a minimum of 11.6 Amp, 18.8 V can provide energy needs to drive inflatable stage roof blowers and portable sound systems, and f) comfort under the inflatable roof maximum temperature of 350C. The portable stage and the practical and fast-build inflatable stage roof are expected to become a prototype of stage facilities for SME Exhibition on a national scale.


Objective: To observe the morphological changes of undertaken by the adult human pancreatic stem cells transdifferentiating into islet cells, in order to elucidate the mechanism of the process. Methods: Adult human pancreatic tissue was submitted to digestion by collegenase; the islets were then separated from the exocrine tissue by density gradient centrifugation. Duct epithelial cells were cultivated up to 27 days in CMRL1066 and then in serum-free DMEM/F12 medium with the addition of nutrition factors. Samples were taken at different time points for light and electron microscopy and for immunocytochemistry with antibodies against PDX-1 and CK-19. Results: A large number of duct epithelialial cells were harvested after the isolation of islets. Duct epithelial cells proliferated and expanded and then transdifferentiated into stem cells, and finally into islet cells. Conclusions: Adult pancreatic duct cells are potential stem cells and can be transdifferentiate into islet cells in vitro under certain conditions.


This study aims to determine the effect of service features, easy of use, usefulness, trust, and risk on the intention to use e-banking. The objects used in this study were 60 students of Nurul Ummah Yogyakarta. this study uses quantitative analysis methods with multiple linear regression testing and hypothesis testing using SPSS 19. Based on the result of the F test, it can be seen that together the service features, easy of use, usefulness, trust, and risk on the intention to use e-banking. Partially, service features and trust have an effect on the intention to use e-banking. While easy of use, usefulness, and risk has no effect on the intention to use e-banking


This paper provides the "two working parts with one spare parts"(abbreviated to "two with one" ) principle which can improve reliability of system , taking digital information system and engineering real-time system as an example, that is ,we analyze the "two with one" principle in risk management in the two situations described above. In particular, proof of asymptotic stability of solutions of systems has been obtained according to the stability of operator semi-group theory.


One of the most fascinating and daunting challenges of contemporary developmental biology is to fully classify diverse cell types on the basis of a quantifiable genetic profile. Although compiling an inventory of such identifying features seems feasible for some specific cell types (e.g., those of the hematopoietic system), a robust and universal platform has yet to emerge. Indeed, in most cases, a series of confirmatory physiological assays are still needed to verify cell identity, yet such assays are available for only a small subset of classifiable cells and can be quite difficult to conduct and interpret. A study by Creyghton et al. (1) provides a possible solution to this conundrum. It gives us a first and unique glimpse of the regulatory complexity of enhancers at the epigenetic level and suggests that histone marks allow discrimination between at least two kinds of enhancers: those that are truly active and whose activities correlate closely and specifically with cell identity and those that are poised to engage in future enhancer activity, thus allowing predictions about the lineage decisions that the cell is facing.


A study explored how rural women in the village of Srefultoli, Bangladesh describe, from their own point of view, their experiences with nonformal education (NFE). Feminist research has shown that existing NFE programs in developing countries give women traditional knowledge of family planning, nutritioni'and health care, but they do not deal with the need to increase women's awareness of their oppression and exploitation. The study examined whether current NFE programs in this village in Bangladesh give women new knowledge about their current situation in society and in the family and whether these women are conscious of their strategic and practical needs. A social mapping methodology was used to pattern these women's perspectives, and the map serves as a conventional symbol for the "way things are," or perceptions of truth. Findings suggest that rural Bangladeshi women are aware of their socio-economic and political subordination and that they use multiple strategies to resist patriarchal domination. Most of the women see participation in NFE programs as an empowering process. Findings also suggest that rural women wanted NFE programs to provide increased opportunities for income generation, for better access to education, for training to help them become economically independent, and for the conscientization of men, so these other objectives may flourish. These women also had specific suggestions regarding the class time, course design, and courses for men that would enhance female participation and would introduce some changes in men's and women's relationships. Conclusions were that certain more participatory NFE programs may bring meaningful changes in women's lives, and that rural women themselves can best identify their own needs. (Contains 5 figures and 43 references.) (Author/BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. MAPPING RURAL WOMEN'S PERSPECTIVES ON NONFORMAL EDUCATION EXPERIENCES ZEBUN N. AHMED University of Pittsburgh OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE & POLICY STUDIES School of Education University of Pittsburgh EST COPY AVAILABLE PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


The Fourth Gospel contains striking formulations of 'realised' eschatology that it is often alleged that, in the coming of the Paraclete, John saw the coming of Jesus consummated. Luke is regarded as dividing up the story into successive epochs-the Old Testament era, the period of ministry of Jesus, the period of the resurrection appearances, and the era of the Church, from the ascension to the return of Jesus. Such an account of respective tendencies of the two Evangelists encounters, it is true, certain obstacles. On Johannine side, these obstacles consist of those phrases which still contain the future tense of Jewish apocalyptic eschatology. Author's contention is that-quite apart from the fact that it would be false to inherent tension of an incarnational faith ever to reach a one-sided resolution in either direction-there is a vital consideration that needs to be watched, namely, the difference between individualistic and collective eschatologies. Keywords: fourth gospel; incarnational faith; Jewish apocalyptic eschatology; Johannine eschatology; ministry of Jesus; Old Testament


In this paper, we present characterization of multipath propagation channel for 2.4 GHz carrier. The effect of relative movement between transmitter and receiver and its effect on channel characteristics in terms of Doppler spread in frequency domain are also discussed. Based upon this, a model is explored, which enable us to map the fading characteristics into the received envelope power and hence a way to estimate maximum Doppler spread is obtained. The variation caused by values of sigma is also estimated. Combining the former two estimations for a fixed received power the graphical relation between sigma and maximum Doppler shift is obtained.


BACKGROUND: Multiple Myeloma (MM) maintenance therapy is a low intensive, prolonged treatment, commonly administered to newly diagnosed patients (pts) at the end of front-line regimens. Lenalidomide (LEN) is considered the best available maintenance option for MM, the actual benefits or disadvantages of a LEN-based maintenance and its potential role as "selective pressure" on MM sublcones are still unclear. AIM: In this study we estimated the role of LEN maintenance therapy in eliciting genomic changes in a cohort of MM pts homogeneously up-front treated. PATIENTS-METHODS: Whole genome Copy Number Alterations (CNA) was obtained by SNPs array in 54 pts samples collected both at diagnosis(D) and at first relapse(R). Pts had an high-risk (HR) disease, defined by a median TTP of 29m. A custom gene-level CN calling algorithm was set up, to compute the evolution of every gene CN value and the genomic evolutive trajectories associated to changes of these values. High-risk genomic loci were defined using GISTIC to derive target genomic relevant for MM biology. After PIs induction therapy, 31/54 pts were treated with HD chemotherapy followed by either single or double ASCT; LEN maintenance therapy was then offered both to 20/31 auto-transplanted and to 6/23 not auto-transplanted pts. RESULTS: Three main evolutive trajectories (linear L, drift D, and branching B) were defined according to the CN changes9 direction, reflecting a putative positive, negative, or both positive and negative selective pressure, respectively. A fourth, stable (S) trajectory was also observed, characterized by the absence of CN changes. Overall, 29, 15 and 10 pts relapsed with B/D, L and S pattern, respectively; at R, all LEN-treated pts changed their sub-clonal architecture: a B/D evolutive pattern characterized 70% of pts. By contrast, genome remained mostly stable in 61% of not-treated pts. We then focused on CN changes of specific chromosomal regions and/or genomic loci identified as high-risk, whose prognostic role has been already established in MM (i.e. TP53, CDKN2C, CKS1B). When present at D, these CNA tended to persist throughout the disease course, regardless of whether pts received or not maintenance. The emersion of any of these CNAs at R was widely observed both in pts receiving or not maintenance, whereas a negative selective pressure over them was more likely to occur in pts receiving maintenance, as compared to the others (50% vs 11% of B/D trajectories in LEN-treated vs not-treated pts, respectively). Strikingly, in LEN-treated pts, the extension of both TTP and OS was favored by the extinction and/or negative selection (B/D patterns) of the HR CNAs, and shortened by their stability or positive selection (L/S patterns) (median TTP 46 vs 32m HR=3.6, p=0.01; median OS 111 vs 63m HR 5.7, p=0.04 in B/D vs L/S pts, respectively). On the contrary, the absence of maintenance selective pressure seemed to affect neither the evolution trajectory, nor the clinical course of not-treated pts. CONCLUSION: The extinction of sub-clones carrying HR lesions in pts receiving maintenance therapy is likely to be associated to the negative selection exerted by the therapy. This might explain the extended survival of these pts. On the contrary, the subclones of pts not receiving maintenance might randomly evolve, due to the absence of a specific selective pressure. Citation Format: Andrea Poletti, Vincenza Solli, Marina Martello, Enrica Borsi, Lucia Pantani, Agboyi Lakpo, Silvia Armuzzi, Luca Nunzio Cifarelli, Elena Zamagni, Paola Tacchetti, Serena Rocchi, Katia Mancuso, Ilaria Rizzello, Giulia Marzocchi, Nicoletta Testoni, Luca Dozza, Maria Teresa Petrucci, Anna Marina Liberati, Giuseppe Rossi, Mario Boccadoro, Michele Cavo, Carolina Terragna. Negative selective pressure exerted by maintenance therapy promotes the extinction of sub-clones carrying high-risk lesions in multiple myeloma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2700.


Abstract This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of methanolic extracts of thirteen Eucalyptus species leaves cultivated in north east of Tunisia and their antioxidant activity was also investigated. Some of them were investigated for the first time. The total phenol and total condensed tannin contents varied significantly among species, E. lehmannii had the highest values. Significant difference was also found in total flavonoid contents and the highest one was observed in E. astringens. The HPLC analysis indicated that the main phenolic compounds were the flavonoid rutin in some species such as E. maidenii and acid gallic acid in other species as E. lehmanii. Different assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities; Total antioxidant activity test, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS scavenging activity, reducing power, and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching. All these tests showed a high influence of the interspecific variation. However, all species exhibited interesting antioxidant activities, and DPPH radical scavenging was the most remarkable one whose all extracts were more active than the positive control. E. erythrocorys has the strongest activity with IC50 = 5.07 ± 0.54 µg/mL. All results confirmed that the secondary metabolites of these studied species could be used as a source of natural antioxidants.


We present an efficient algorithm for crude registration of two partially overlapping range images. The central focus of our work is how to filter out the wrong pairs efficiently in order to reduce the search space. Motivated by the availability of robust and efficient mesh simplification algorithms, such as the QSLIM software package, which preserve the main characteristics of the surface shape, we propose to find a good initial transformation estimate on the basis of the vertices of simplified meshes, instead of the original dense sets of range data. Promising results, that make the iterative closest point matching procedure converges to a correct final alignment, are provided.


To investigate the possible role of calcium metabolism in modulating external genitalia function of she‐camels, the localization and distribution of calbindin‐D9k (CaBP9k) and vitamin D3 receptors (VDR) were examined immunohistochemically in samples of vestibule, vulva, and clitoris acquired during breeding and non‐breeding seasons. Animals (n=6 per season) were healthy adults (5 to 10 years) with no history of reproductive tract or systemic disease. CaBP9k was expressed in the cytoplasm of epithelia, but not the stroma or muscles of all three regions examined. Moreover, CaBP9k was expressed in the superficial squamous cell layer of the vulva, and in the basal and parabasal layers of the vestibule. VDR was expressed in the nuclei of epithelia of all three regions, vestibule, vulva, and clitoris. The chondrocytes of the clitoris also expressed VDR. The expression of CaBP9k and VDR was higher during the breeding season than the non‐breeding season, suggesting that external genitalia function may be dependant in part on elevated calcium metabolism during this season.


Previously, the methanolic extracts of thirty Korean medicinal plant seeds were screened for tyrosinase inhibitors using a rapid and simple TLC method, which was superior to a conventional spectrophotometrical in vitro assay. As a result, the methanolic extracts of Thuja orientalis seeds was found to have strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To isolate active tyrosinase inhibitors, the seeds were defatted with n-hexane under reflux, and then extracted twice with methanol under reflux at 90. The methanolic extract was evaporated to a small volumn in vacuo, and then successively fractionated with ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The ether extract showing significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity was solubilized with 5% NaHCOand then acidified with 6N HCI. The ether souble acidic fraction was successively ohromatographed on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative TLC. Among four compounds isolated, two of them showed stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activity, comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid (IC50/=28/). These results suggest that Thuja orientalis seeds may be useful as potential sources of antibrowning agents in fruits and vegetables, and anti-melanoma agents in cosmetics and phamaceuticals.


In recent months, we have all read much in our industry about the 'information superhighway', and how it may affect the travel industry. Many have entered into the realm of speculation with predictions of convergence between multimedia, communications, computing, entertainment and travel. In light of the huge investments being made in new information networks, services and content to be carried over those networks, the marketing of leisure travel will surely not be left unaffected by these new technologies. We need to examine why vacation marketing will change, and how the nature of these changes might be anticipated.


Abstract
 Sigara mathesoni (Hemiptera: Corixidae), which predominantly inhabits the northern United States and Canada, has recently been found in carbonate streams with stable and cold temperature regimes in south-central Pennsylvania. The focus of this research was to determine if there is a difference in occurrence of S. mathesoni between carbonate and non-carbonate streams, and whether abiotic factors within these habitats can be used to explain or predict its regional distribution. Our results suggest that S. mathesoni predominantly occurs in carbonate spring habitats, and that parameters such as alkalinity and daytime summer water temperature may best predict occurrence. This work validates observations in other literature and supports the hypothesis that S. mathesoni is a rare species in Pennsylvania and possibly throughout its southern range.


The greening of the schoolyard for the purpose of physical education is an issue that has largely been ignored in Japan but has finally caught the attention of education experts and the general public. The schoolyard greening project in Japan has entered the second stage of its development, which means that it is now moving from external inducement, where greening is prompted by outside influences, to the stage of internalization, "the incarnation of schoolyards turf," where schools are now taking initiatives on the project. One of the challenges faced at this stage is turf maintenance. Turf maintenance is a permanent task for schools to undertake. Thus, this study particularly focuses on the problem of maintenance, while examining various issues surrounding the schoolyard greening project by referring to previous research and by implementing a survey for the staffs of 46 elementary schools and in-depth interviews with four elementary schools in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The results revealed a distinct discourse regarding the so-called "schoolyard policy." The essence of this discourse suggests that "the regionality of the school" and the political technique of the school principal are absolutely pivotal in encouraging the autonomous maintenance of the schoolyards by schools as educational institutions. These two conditions were identified as key elements during the "incarnation of schoolyards turf " stage in this study.


We consider the first exit time of a nonnegative Harris-recurrent Markov process from the interval $[0,A]$ as $A\to\infty$. We provide an alternative method of proof of asymptotic exponentiality of the first exit time (suitably standardized) that does not rely on embedding in a regeneration process. We show that under certain conditions the moment generating function of a suitably standardized version of the first exit time converges to that of Exponential$(1)$, and we connect between the standardizing constant and the quasi-stationary distribution (assuming it exists). The results are applied to the evaluation of a distribution of run length to false alarm in change-point detection problems.


A WSN can be defined as a network of devices, denoted as nodes, which can sense the environment and communicate the information gathered from the monitored field (e.g., an area or volume) through wireless links. The data is forwarded, possibly via multiple hops, to a sink that can use it locally or is connected to other networks (e.g., the Internet) through the gateway. The existing concept uses a link-aware clustering mechanism, called LCM, to determine an energy-efficient and reliable routing path from source node to sink. The LCM primarily considers node status and link condition, to evaluate the qualification of the nodes for clusterheads and gateways to construct clusters. Even though this system is energy efficient, the more number of cluster formation, which is not necessarily needed for establishing a reliable routing path, can decrease the network lifetime. This paper proposes Greedy hop Link-Aware Clustering Mechanism for efficient data gathering by reducing the number of hops it takes while cluster formation and it establishes a more stable link between source and destination. The selection of forwarding candidates is based on priority and the priority of candidate is calculated using node status, residual energy, link condition and the distance to the destination. Thus by implementing Greedy hop method, the overhead of cluster formation can be reduced, thus making the performance of the protocol more efficient for data gathering compared to the existing clustering technique.


Closed circuit cameras are a common feature in everyday life. But in some environments, such as homes and prisons, human movement may be best monitored without high resolution cameras. Multi-spectral sensors can be used to view objects of interest at low resolution, avoiding unnecessary invasion of privacy. By not resolving details, the perception of intrusion can be minmized but activity still monitored. The conventional method for detecting moving objects by spatial image processing is by analyzing the differences between successive or neighboring image frames. But such an option is not viable in situations where low resolution provides insufficient spatial detail. By adapting techniques from the field of multi-spectral remote sensing, however, we have devised an alternative method that achieves detection with a small number of pixels and uses low-resolution sensors. For our purposes, 'color' is a general term signifying intensities of multiple light wavebands in satellite imagery—that is, in the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. For a simple color image sensor, three channel intensities can be obtained from the red-green-blue values. Using spectral unmixing techniques, the color information for the low resolution sensor array can be used to decompose the data into separate contributions. For operation in indoor environments and to contend with the effects of rapid changes in illumination (such as switching lights on or off), robust algorithms are crucial Spectral unmixing is based on a linear mixing model (LMM) that takes each pixel in a given image as containing a proportion of one or more pure colors known as 'endmembers'.1 Thus, each mixed pixel may be decomposed into a linear combination of the individual colors. The difficulty lies in automatically finding and tracking endmembers. This can be achieved by fitting a simplex around the data and identifying its vertices. The relative distance between the vertices and each data point gives an indication of Figure 1. Center of object (person in a green shirt) is shown by white cross (frame 1, left) obtained after pixel decomposition. Frame 90 (right) shows trail of center-of-object positions tracking movement.


latter follows upon and draws upon the former. R. himself recognizes this— albeit in somewhat superficial terms—on p. 311. P. 353. R. maintains that Parthenius was brought to Rome by Helvius Cinna in 65,.and not in 73, as is usually believed. P. 381. The history of the text of Catullus is rather unsatisfactorily dealt with by R. Does he really think that the surviving collection is merely an expanded version of the edition to which poem 1 was originally prefaced ? On the next page, does he believe that 'Otium tibi, Catulle, molestum est' is actually part of the Lesbia poem ? And in this whole chapter there is nothing about Catullus' role in the history of Roman elegiac poetry. Pp. 389 ff. The Vita Borgiana of Lucretius is recognized by almost all scholars except R. to be a Renaissance forgery. Chapter xvii is excellent in its general treatment of Lucretius, and full of sensible appreciation and understanding of the poet's background and purpose. But was Lucretius thinking only of 'oriental' religions ? On p. 399 the text of Cicero's judgement on Lucretius— Ad Q,. Fr. ii. 9. 3—is printed with Victorius's conjecture: the unwary reader will not discover this until he reaches the note on p. 419. Pp. 421 ff. Chapter xviii, on Cicero, is rather uneven. Too unitary a picture is drawn of the man; the contradictions, the hesitations, the inconsistencies, which made him the interesting character he is, are pushed into the background. R.'s treatment of Cicero's poetry is unusually detailed and sympathetic, but his section on the speeches suffers from being too cramped and almost devoid of historical background. More should have been said of Cicero's method of work in the philosophical treatises, and more on his role in the development of the literary language. And why, in the list of editions of the philosophical treatises on p. 456, is Madvig's De Finibus omitted, although Giambelli's is included ? Pp. 461 ff. Not enough is said about the enormous importance of Varro in the transmission of Roman learning to succeeding generations. If there are more brickbats than bouquets in these lines, it is to be attributed to the reviewer's conception of his task. R.'s book is the most attractive and stimulating study of Republican Latin literature that has appeared for a long time, and the publication of the succeeding volumes is something to look forward to. Italian students are fortunate in having such a guide as Rostagni. But one wonders how many of them can afford 4,600 lire a volume.


We study the reflection of polarized optical pulses from resonant photonic structures formed by periodic, Fibonacci, and gradient sequences of quantum wells. The form and polarization of the reflected pulse are shown to be determined by the structure design and optical length. In structures with periodic quantum well arrangement, the response to ultrashort pulse is an optical signal with a sharp rise followed by an exponential decay or Bessel beats depending on the structure length. The duration of reflected pulses non-monotonically depends on the number of quantum wells reaching the minimum for a certain structure length which corresponds to the transition from superradiant to photonic-crystalline regime. We also study the conversion of pulse polarization in the longitudinal external magnetic field which splits the exciton resonance. Comparing periodic, Fibonacci, and gradient structures we show that the latter are more efficient for the conversion from linear to circular polarization.


A real music have an unwanted frequencies. If a player strikes the blade stronger or if a hammer position is not consistent, sound will generate an harmonic frequency. Gamelan is a monophonic music instrument, it has only one fundamental frequency, its sound has several non harmonic frequencies. Each instrument has only one octave sound. Another octave, or another hamonic sound is generated by another instrument. So we should play with a lot of instruments, surely a lot of players. Besides the harmonic problem, gamelan music notation is different with western notation, so it is very hard to sinergized between two kind of musics. In this research we propose to create gamelan instruments models to overcome the gamelan construction problem in industry of gamelan. We create two kind of Frequency Balungan Models, the first model is using average value, and the other is using average value in the most dense area. During observation the error is pretty small. Using the first model we achive 0.0222% of error, and using the second model we achive 0.0410% of error.


The invention discloses a star map mapping method, which comprises the following steps: turning various bits in each modulation sign unit to be mapped in partial or all modulation sign units to be mapped of bit sequences to be mapped; and mapping each turned modulation sign unit to be mapped into a modulation sign on a star map. Through changing the nonuniformity of the continuous bit reliability distribution, the invention effectively avoids the phenomenon that continuous bits have the same reliability, and the chain performance is improved.


Many bridges are built on tall and slender piers, whose seismic response may be strongly influenced by second‐order effects and higher modes contributions related to the distributed pier mass. In bridge design practice, the second‐order effects are often taken into account by introducing amplification factors based on an oversimplified SDOF description of the pier behavior.


As challenges of urban development are progressively prominent, smart city provides a new solution and brings important opportunities. In order to grasp main research hotspots and explore evolution process of the smart city in China, data sources of this paper are journal articles about smart city from China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. Three co-word matrixes are built by BibExcel, and also used to make multivariate statistical analyses by SPSS 22.0. Based on the above analyses, three proposals are put forward: implementation of smart city needs multilateral cooperation under government orientation; smart city construction should integrate developing visions, present diversities with urban characteristics; the development of smart city needs to pay full attention to technological progress and economic growth.


Too often God was thought of as dwelling apart from His creation, aloof and inaccessible ; as one who stood outside the world, letting it go its own way. With that picture in mind it is hard to find any reality in God when His children are suffering and struggling here. But this is a false idea of the teaching of Christianity. In the New Testament do we not find a contest in which not only men arc engaged but powers above and beyond men ? And in that struggle God takes the supreme part. What else does the Incarnation mean ?


Non-formal adult education for selfemployment: the importance of posttrainingsupport for micro-enterprise
development in South Africa
Celestin Mayombe

(Received 30 March 2016; accepted 22 February 2017)
Abstract
The concern that informed this article is that adults who face long-term unemployment due to a
lack of marketable skills remain unemployed after completing adult non-formal education (NFE)
programmes in South Africa. The purpose of the article is to investigate major challenges trainees
of NFE programmes for self-employment encounter in starting and growing small businesses, and
the types of post-training support they receive from public and private institutions in KwaZulu-
Natal (KZN) province. While the structure of the South African economy is at fault, the findings
reveal that weak institutional linkages result in trainees not having access to essential post-training
support, community resources, public goods and services. The author concludes that centre
managers did not take into consideration the importance of institutional linkages and the socioeconomic
background of the trainees who have faced long-term unemployment and poverty leading
to social isolation, which then further reduce the likelihood of self-employment.


The article analyzes the methodological aspects of the use of synergetics in criminology. The essence of the synergetic paradigm in natural and social sciences is characterized, the main approaches of scientists regarding the prospects and directions of application of synergetic ideas and concepts for solving key problems of criminology are given. Predominantly synergetics is considered as the science of self-organization and self-organizing systems, the theory of evolution of open-type systems with nonlinear feedbacks. The focus of synergetics is on the processes of selforganization in complex systems. From the use of synergetics in the social sciences (including criminology), its proponents expect significant positive effects in the form of new scientific theories. Over the past 20 years, synergetic ideas have gained significant popularity in Ukrainian criminology, however, until now, it is mainly about posing the problem in general terms, stating the importance / timeliness / prospects of using synergetics to solve traditional criminological issues, for example, the determination of crime, the mechanism of criminal behavior, study of organized crime, crime prevention. In some cases, criminological concepts and problems are artificially "adjusted" to synergistic categories. The views of some scientists on synergetics as the only or universal method, the application of which will allow to solve all traditional criminological issues in a new way, are critically assessed. It is emphasized that there are few concrete examples of the actual application of synergetics in criminological research, allowing us to see its real advantages over other "traditional" methods. At the same time, synergetics has prospects, since over time, as other social sciences (primarily sociology) develop, provided that synergetic ideas are effectively used in them, this method will be able to find its application in the field of criminology.


BCG vaccine was used to replace tubercle Mycobacterium(M.tuberculosis)positive phlegm as the experiment sample,and used an improved acid-fast stain solution to carry out acid fast staining experiment teaching.BCG vaccine water solution was used as a sample,5% of Tween-80 was added into carbol fuchsin staining solution to carry out acid-fast staining.After the staining,BCG vaccine specimen slide was compared with tubercle Mycobacteriumpositive phlegm specimen slide,and there were no obvious difference in both thallus morph and staining.This method possessed advantages such as good staining effect,convenient specimen sources,safety,and no pollution etc.and met the need of acid-fast staining experiment teaching.


The world has seen so many companies merging in their pursue of becoming the greatest in every sector of industries. Some of them have survived, and some have not. Most of the survived ones have undergone the opposite way of merging; called divestiture. Due to some factors such as financial, managerial and operational, these companies have split-off the 'added-up' part of them and focus on their core businesses. Realize it or not, this trend has been followed by some Malaysian companies in the era after the economic turmoil in 1997 such as Telekom Malaysia (TM) and Land and General (L&G). This paper discusses the types of divestiture as well as the reasons for divestiture.