The invention discloses a lighting rate detection method for a street lamp centralized control system, which comprises the following steps of: detecting the voltage or the current of subcircuits or a main circuit at the normal condition, and storing the voltage and the current as rated voltage and rated current by a monitoring center; acquiring actually-detected voltage and actually-detected current of the subcircuits or the main circuit; and counting the lighting rate of the subcircuits or the lighting rate of the main circuit. According to the invention, the lighting rate can be accurately obtained, the result is more scientific and more accurate, and great help is provided for the management and the data statistic of the monitoring center to the street lamps; only through the value of the rated voltage and the value of the rated current, which are measured by the monitoring center, and the value of the actually-detected voltage and the value of the actually-detected current, the lighting rate can be quickly and actually obtained, the method is simple, and the operation is easy; and compared with the manual patrol statistic, the detection method disclosed by the invention saves the unnecessary labor power, materials and financial resources, simultaneously, saves times, and is simple and practical.


Many commercial products are sold with warranties and indirectly through dealers. The manufacturer-retailer distribution mechanism results in serious missing data problems in field return data, as the sales date for an unreturned unit is generally unknown to the manufacturer. This study considers a general setting for field failure data with unknown sales dates and a warranty limit. A stochastic expectation-maximization (SEM) algorithm is developed to estimate the distributions of the sales lag (time between shipment to a retailer and sale to a customer) and the lifetime of the product under study. Extensive simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the SEM algorithm and to compare with the imputation method proposed by Ghosh [Ann. Appl. Stat. 4 (2010) 1976-1999]. Three real examples illustrate the methodology proposed in this paper.


Through interviewing five expert mathematics teachers after watching purposefully selected videos, and analyzing the transcripts of interviews qualitatively, it was found that the expert teachers evaluate mathematics lessons from the following dimensions, i.e. arrangement of contents, selection of teaching methods, use of learning methods, establishment of classroom culture, fundamental competency of teachers, evaluation of classroom teaching.


We build a self-contained optical absolute frequency reference at 1064 nm based on the rovibronic transition R(56)32-0 in molecular iodine and operate this instrument in space on a sounding rocket mission. The frequency reference uses a microintegrated extended cavity diode laser and a quasimonolithic spectroscopy module for modulation transfer spectroscopy, providing frequency instability of 2x10^-13 for averaging times of 100 s. To demonstrate the autonomous operation of our reference, we perform an absolute frequency measurement using a chip-scale atomic clock and an optical frequency comb during a 6-min-long space fight.


Photovoltaic (PV) laminates are attached to aluminium frames using adhesives, which provide structural stability. In most Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations of PV modules, the importance of frame attachments and adhesion between the frame and PV laminate is ignored by using a simplified model in terms of geometry and material model, though they have a definite impact on the behaviour of the module [1]. This can be due to the increase in the computational cost and the complexity of identifying the appropriate material model for the adhesives. However, the adhesive has a strong influence on the behaviour of the PV module exposed to mechanical load. High loads might lead to the detachment of the adhesive and, consequently, the failure of the PV module. Studying the influence of the adhesive, its response under load, and understanding the strength of the adhesive are essential for a correct modelling of the PV module and hence preventing damage to PV modules. Therefore, within this work, two materials, a one-component silicone (1C silicone) and a two-component silicone (2C silicone), are analysed and modelled using a 2-parameter Mooney-Rivlin incompressible hyperelastic material model. The material model is validated using a single lap shear test. A suitable failure criterion is identified at ambient temperature for one-component silicone through an experimental investigation focusing on the tensile and shear stress states of the adhesive. A FEM simulation is performed to determine the stresses in the 1C silicone in a PV module under mechanical load. The comparison to the failure stresses shows, that the stress values within the adhesive are far below the failure stress and hence no frame detachment is expected.


Under the background of big data, the complexity of industrial products gradually increases. It is necessary to study efficient production methods and use big data-driven methods to improve the productivity of complex products. Based on modularization, this paper focuses on the module partition problem of complex products and transforms this problem into the community detection problem of multi-relational networks. First, the multivariate relationships between components are mined based on the data of the complex product. Then, this paper innovatively considers the supporting relationships to demand and the dependency relationships on technologies of components and proposes the co-supporting and co-dependency correlations of components. Combined with the structural and functional correlations of components, a multi-relational network of components is constructed. Taking modularity as the optimization objective, the optimization model is built for the partition of the complex product. Next, a heuristic module partition algorithm based on the improved Genetic Algorithm is proposed to realize the module partition of complex products efficiently. Finally, a case study is carried out to expound utility and effectiveness of the proposed methodology. This research is of great significance to the modularization of complex products.


The theory of transformation functions, as has been developed by Schwinger, Feynman, Dyson and others, is investigated systematically with mechanical models, keeping close analogy to classical theory; and a new light is thereby thrown on the relation between the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism. In these investigations the idea of chronological ordering introduced by Dyson on the one hand, and a differential operation with respeh to coupling constant (or some other parameters) on the other, playa decisive part. The formulation is extended to a point where dynamical systems with higher time derivatives as well as "non. local " systems (with integral equations of motion) are included.


Domestic induction cooktops can only be heated in the designated circular cooking zone. Therefore, this paper proposes a control strategy and implementation of the free zone induction cooktop (FZIC) system that can freely heat multiple pots regardless of size and location over the entire area of the induction cooktop. The FZIC system is implemented by applying wide-bandgap (WBG) power semiconductors to improve power density and efficiency. A control strategy using the power curve fitting method (CFM) is presented to quickly detect parameter changes in multi-resonant loads. In addition, a control algorithm is established to enable immediate reheating by identifying the location information of the pot in real time when the pot moves during heating. To evaluate the performance of the control algorithm strategy of the proposed FZIC system, the results of IH experiments based on the 3.2kW FZIC prototype are presented.


This research is motivated by so many things that make consumers interested to buy a cosmetic product, one of them is to buy a facial whitening cosmetics. Based on the purpose of this study was to determine buying interest of the facial whitening cosmetics by the students in Hairstyling Department of SMK Negeri 7. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study was students in grade XII, which consists of two classes, namely class XII Beauty 1 and XII Beauty 2 Hairstyling Department of SMK Negeri 7 Padang which amounts to 36 students and all of the population used as a sample (total sampling). A data collection technique is to use a questionnaire, which has been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using the Achievement Level Percentage of Respondents (TPR). The results showed that the percentage of respondents' level of achievement on the indicator products (78%) with the Medium category, the percentage of respondents' level of achievement on the indicator price (80%) with the High category. While the percentage of respondents' achievement on the indicator promotion (80%) with High category. For the percentage of respondents' to the achievement of students' interest in buying facial whitening cosmetics (79%) with the Medium category. It is suggested to students and other consumers into buying facial whitening cosmetics are not only based on price and promotions, but rather the product itself. Keywords : Interest But, Product, Price, Promotion


This study investigated the influence of carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) liquid rubbers on the microcracking response of polymeric composite materials to cryogenic cycling. Matrices of carbon fiber/epoxy prepregs were modified with different concentrations of two CTBN liquid rubbers. The glass transition temperature and the interlaminar shear strength of the laminate systems were depressed as a result of the presence of CTBN in the epoxy phase. An increase in total rubber concentration with the continuous phase was found to decrease and in some cases eliminate microcracking in laminates exposed to cryogenic cycling.


The well being of any nation is based, in large part, on its ability to locate and prudently use its mineral and water resources; to assess potential harm to its citizens from natural hazards; and to provide for safe disposal of its waste material. These tasks require a detailed knowledge of the character and distribution of geologic materials at or near the surface of the earth, and geologic maps are the principal sources of these types of information. Geologic maps provide essential information regarding the assessment of mineral, energy, and water resources; locating potential sites for the safe disposal of hazardous and nonhazardous waste; land-use planning; earthquake-hazard reduction; predicting volcanic hazards; reducing losses from landslides and other ground failures; mitigating effects of coastal and stream erosion; siting of critical facilities; and basic earth-science research. Geologic maps are the primary sources of geologic information for nearly all decision making related to the habitation of the earth's surface and the use of its resources. Available maps are in continuous use by Federal agencies, state and local governments, private industries, and the general public, but large areas of the US have remained unmapped, or mapped at scales to small to be of generalmore » use. Recognizing the increasing National need for geologic maps, the Association of American State Geologists initiated an effort in 1989 to establish a geologic mapping program for the entire US. After developing an implementation plan in concert with the US Geological Survey, the Association of American State Geologists arranged for geologic mapping bills to be introduced simultaneously in both houses of Congress in late 1991. On May 18, 1992, President Bush signed the National Geologic Mapping Act into law.« less


Thank you very much for downloading the thirteen months of pregnancy a guide for the pregnant father. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this the thirteen months of pregnancy a guide for the pregnant father, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer.


It is necessary that socialist market economy has been chosen in China because the form of social main body can not be surpassed.Market economy is bound to entrust a new kind of modern personality to contemporary Chinese people,including new character of self-independence,character of science and sense,character of independent choice and self-realization with active creation,and character of contract and legal system.In turn,these will play a great role in the development and perfection of socialist market economy.


The complexity of estuaries allows for the establishment of diverse communities composed of species with different survival strategies. The vertical migration of animals in the sediment is linked to competition, escape from predators and adaptations to diurnal physio-chemical changes related to variations in water levels. The present study aimed to evaluate niche overlap and amplitude, as well as the composition and structure, of communities of polychaetes and molluscs between sediment aliquots during the day and at night. Data sampling was performed in the Tubarão River estuary. The highest individual occurrence was registered during the diurnal period. Communities of polychaetes varied significantly between sediment aliquots during the day and at night, while molluscs did not show diurnal variation. Niche overlap results for polychaetes showed higher values between aliquots during the night, while molluscs showed greater overlap during the day. This indicates that polychaetes and molluscs have different mechanisms of coexistence. This may be related to different attributes of species allowing for the division of resources among individuals. Examination of niche overlap provides insights into coexistence of mechanisms within benthic macroinvertebrate communities.


Tetrahedral amorphous diamond-like carbon films were deposited on magnetic recording head by Filtered Cathodic Arc and subsequently thermally heated to various conditions. Raman spectroscopy was then performed to understand film structure; and mechanical property in terms of wear resistance was investigated by nanoindenter. The Raman spectra revealed that G position, FWHM of G peak and Id/Ig changed as a function of heating temperature and time which also agree well with wear depth measured.


The present study aims to evaluate thechemical composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activities, antihyperglycemic and antiatherogenic effects of  stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) leaves. Total protein, crude fat, ash, crude fiber and carbohydrates in stevia leaves powder (SLP)were recorded 9.63 ± 1.86, 3.47 ± 0.73, 3.08 ± 0.55, 17.12 ± 3.10 and 66.50 ± 3.75 (g/100g DW), respectively. Also, the reducing sugar was registered 4.98 ± 1.12 g/100g DW.  Contents of glycosides/sweeteners in SLP (%,) were showed stevioside, rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C accounts for 8.87± 1.28, 2.65± 0.24 and 0.43± 0.11 of all glycosides in stevia. Stevia leaves aqueous extract showed high antioxidant activity (AA= 82.05%) when compared with the standard antioxidants (Butylhydroxytoluene, BHT; α-Toc, alpha-tocopherol). Comparing with the antioxidants standard used, the values of SLAE extracts absorbance's through 120 min (β-carotene bleaching assay based on measured the ability of an antioxidant to inhibit lipid peroxidation) are coming well i.e. closing the line of 100 mg/L of α-tocopherol and 50 mg/L of BHT standards and up to the line of 50 mg/L of BHT standard. Feeding diabetic animals with 1, 2, 3 and 4% w/w of SLP caused a significant p ≤0.05 ) decrease in serum glucose concentration by the ratio of 70.33, 58.41, 46.79 and 38.46% (as a percent change of the control positive), respectively. Also, the same behavior was recorded for serum level of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) , the biomarker of oxidative stress and the opposite direction was recorded for levels of serum reduced glutathione (GSH), the biomarker of antioxidant defense system in the body. Furthermore, inhibitive action of SLAE against CuSO4-induced LDL oxidation, which plays a substantially role in atherosclerosis process, was observed. In conclusion, these findings provide a basis for the use of the SLP for the prevention and early treatment of T2DM. Also, the SLAE could be used successfully as a promising tool in the prevention of atherosclerosis through inhibiting LDL oxidation process. Key words:    Stevia leaves powder, stevia leaves aqueous extract, streptozotocin, oxidative stress, GSH, LDL oxidation, atherosclerosis.


Nanoparticles of 1-phenyl-3-((dimethylamino)styryl)-5-((dimethylamino)phenyl)-2-pyrazoline (PDDP) ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers were prepared by using the reprecipitation method. Their excitonic transitions responsible for absorption and emission, as compared with those of dilute solution, have been investigated as a function of nanoparticle size. We found that PDDP nanoparticles possess a special size dependence in their optical properties. We identified an extended charge-transfer (CT) state stemming from PDDP molecules closely stacking in nanoparticles and observed its shift to the high-energy side with decreasing nanoparticle size due to exciton confinement. At the same time, the molecular π−π* absorption of the nanoparticles was also blue-shifted, accompanied by an almost unchanging n−π* absorption as a result of the reduced overlap of the pyrazoline ring π orbital and decreased intermolecular interactions. Moreover, S1 and CT states were in equilibrium in the nanoparticles, and the pro...


The aerosol optical depth (AOD) has been measured with sun-photometer CE318 in the desert region of northwest China.The variations of the typical model in that region are given under different weather conditions such as f'me and sand-blowing.Taking the 670 nm wavelength as an example,the average values of AOD are 0.2 and 0.47 respectively.The variations of the atmospheric wavelength exponent and turbidity coefficient are also given and analyzed.Monthly variation of AOD is measured.Finally,some conclusions about the atmospheric aerosol optical properties in desert region of northwest China are drawn.


Objectives To investigate the cognition of the national essential drug system among township hospital doctors.Methods Random sampling method was used to investigate the cognition of 432primary doctors on National Essential Drug System in Nanchang County,Jiangxi Province,Yubei District,Chongqing City and Xinjin County,Sichuan Province.A depth interview was conducted among relevant personnel.Results 385valid questionnaires were collected,79.24% of the doctors believed that prescription amount decreased slightly or even significantly reduced after performing the national essential drug system;66.9% believed that the national essential drug list were basically in line with the local conditions;91.55%felt that the introduction of the national essential drugs list was helpful for their medical practice;the satisfaction rate of the essential drug system was 87.4%.Conclusions Primary care doctors have a higher degree of acceptance on the national essential drug system,but related training is still not in place.The implementation of the system leads to less income of the township hospitals.Comprehensive reform and the establishment of long-term compensation and incentive mechanisms is the only way for the primary care institutions.


The principal objectives of the research supported at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program for a three year period commencing September 1990, were: (1) to improve and validate the radiation parameterizations in the GISS GCM through model intercomparisons with line-by-line calculations and through comparisons with ARM observations; (2) to improve the GISS GCM diagnostic output to enable more effective comparisons to global cloud/radiation data sets; and (3) to use ARM data to develop improved parameterization of clouds in the GCM and to study the interaction of dynamics and radiation. The ARM Program support has made it possible to establish and support an active and productive research group at GISS specializing in radiative transfer and cloud process modeling in support of improving the performance of a climate GCM.


Introduction PART ONE Economic Constraints Marxism and the Mode of Production Moral Constraints Functionalism PART TWO The Emergent Qualities of Social Life Weber and Elias Theorizing Subjective Action PART THREE Weber, Class and the Politics of Closure The Turn to Gramsci Critical Theory, Positivism and Critique Feminism(s) The Politics of Otherness Foucault Politics in the 'Everyday' PART FOUR Language Games and Linguistic Turns Hitting the 'Posts'


A few fossil reptilian bones discovered by Dr. Jango Fischer in 1902 at Santa Maria da Bocca do Monte (Serrito) in the Rio Grande do Sul, which have been submitted to me by Dr. H. von Ihering (San Paulo Museum), are of much interest. They not only appear to determine the geological age of the formation from which they were obtained, but also foreshadow the discovery of an early Mesozoic South American land fauna, which has long been expected.


In this paper, which is grounded in new institutional theory, we present the results of an empirical study of the internet communication of three German Blue Chip firms on the questions for what firms assume responsibility and how they communicate it. We interpret our results comprehensively and draw conclusions regarding the concept of firms in general and in business administration and economics in particular.


On 30 June, Sri Lanka's Supreme Court forced President Chandrika Kumaratunga to back down on the state of emergency legislation that imposed prior censorship on the media and put journalists at risk


The reaction of [60]fullerene with diphenylphosphinoyl azide in toluene or ino-dichlorobenzene in the presence of traces of water affords 2-[N-(diphenylphosphoryl)amino]-1-hydroxy[60]fullerene This reaction in THF gives a mixture of (N-diphenylphosphoryl)[60]fullerenol[1,2-b]aziridine and a product of partial hydrolysis of the bisadduct of phosphorylated azide and fullerene.


In this paper, a low power node featuring 3D indoor localization via Visible Light Positioning (VLP) and embedded Machine Learning (ML) is presented. The coordinates estimation is performed by a low-complexity shallow Neural Network (NN) running on board of a microcontroller and which approximates the regression model linking received light intensities and position in the workspace. The received signal strengths (RSSs) of the optical signals, coming from four LEDs chopped at unique frequencies and used as fixed anchors, are evaluated via fast Fourier transform (FFT). The generation of the datasets used to test and train the NN exploits a novel fingerprinting procedure which combines the simulation of the data through the canonical model for the light propagation and the acquisition of measurements in the workspace. Field tests performed in a $1 \mathrm{m}\times1 \mathrm{m}\times0.2\mathrm{m}$ volume prove an overall mean accuracy of about 3 cm with standard deviation of 1.5 cm and maximum error below 6 cm.


In recent years, with the advent of the third wave of artificial intelligence, a large number of new technologies have been applied in social software and information services, such as big data collection and analysis, pattern recognition and user behavior prediction. The subsequent impact of mobile new media on a new generation of young people and the entire society has become one of the most promising and research issues. This paper obtains relevant data through online and offline surveys and authoritative organizations, uses Cronbach alpha coefficient to verify the validity of the survey results. The Spearman Rank correlation coefficient is calculated to analyze the relationship between the grade level of college students, the degree of influence on mobile new media and the duration of using mobile new media. Based on BP neural network and Elman neural network, the two models are combined by the optimal weighting method to predict the arrival rate of mobile new media information, and the conclusion based on quantitative analysis of mathematical model is given. The results show that the arrival rate of new media information on different platforms is on the rise in the future.


Abstract : Human spatial orientational mechanisms, and how those mechanisms fail in flight, are discussed in detail in this comprehensive review. Specific topics include: mechanics and associated physiologic nomenclature; visual orientation; vestibular function and information processing; other orientational senses; spatial disorientation, including definitions, types, causes, examples, statistics, and methods of preventing spatial disorientation mishaps; and the significance, etiology, and therapy of motion sickness. Forty-four figures are included, many illustrating vestibular anatomy and physiology, and others depicting the more common visual and vestibular illusions in flight. Motion sickness, Spatial orientation, Pilot vertigo, Vestibular function, Spatial disorientation, Visual orientation.


Thank you very much for downloading the architectural historian in america. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this the architectural historian in america, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer. the architectural historian in america is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the architectural historian in america is universally compatible with any devices to read.


To perform avionics Overhaul maintenance efficiently, this paper proposed trouble-shooting procedure standardization by using Control Panel, ****, one of avionics components and universal Automatic Test Equipment (ATE). In modern aircraft, more and more avionics components monitor and control aircraft by using the latest computer technology for easy operation of the pilot and prevention of human errors. Accordingly, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) trying to be engaged in avionics maintenance business are also increasing but the supply of skilled mechanics does not meet increasing maintenance demand. Thus, this study proposed procedure standardization using general purpose ATE that can systematically complete the insufficient part of skilled mechanics in the trouble- shooting process requiring the most skilled mechanics during the Overhaul maintenance process and reviewed the validity of the proposed method. This study will help to manage the production capacity of SMEs starting avionics maintenance business newly.


Description A new biography celebrates the Spaniard who founded modern neuroscience A new biography celebrates the Spaniard who founded modern neuroscience


Nuclear power plant is an important way to increase the energy supply, but nuclear power plant accident could bring harm to people. In order to prevent nuclear accidents, to protect the health, we should take the right measures for nuclear radiation protection, nuclear safety.


Research in large-scale networking systems has been shaped and will continue to be guided by specific characteristics of applications and the underlying platforms and infrastructures. On the one hand, applications are growing at an accelerated pace, which is fundamentally unpredictable in both breadth and depth. On the other hand, the underlying networking has been the focus of a huge transformation enabled by new models resulting from virtualization and cloud computing. This has led to a number of novel architectures supported by emerging technologies such as Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and more recently, edge cloud and fog networking, or network slicing [1] , [2] . This evolution towards enhanced design opportunities along with increasing complexity in networking and its applications has fueled the need for improved network automation in agile infrastructures. At the same time, their complexity has dramatically increased. The networking dynamics have had the effect of making it even more important and challenging to design scalable network measurement and analysis techniques and associated tools. Critical applications such as resource allocation, network monitoring, security enforcement, or dynamic network management require real-time mechanisms for online analysis as well as efficient techniques for offline deep analysis of massive historical data.


Ukraine is a unitary state, yet historically various regions, oblasts, districts, and local areas have different levels of economic development. To secure sustainable economic and social development and provide social services guaranteed by the state for each citizen according to the Constitution, the mechanism of redistribution between revenues and expenditures of oblasts, regions, and territories through the budgets of a higher level is used. The paper aims to research the peculiarities of improving interbudgetary relations in conditions of authorities' decentralization. The paper defines the nature of interbudgetary relations. The basic and reverse subsidies to Ukraine and Lvivska oblast are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages the communities face at changing approaches to balancing local budgets are determined. Regulative documents that cover the interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the problem of local finances reforming, including the development of interbudgetary relations. The scheme of the economic interbudgetary relations system in Ukraine is developed. The ways to improve the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine are suggested. The negative and positive aspects, advantages, and disadvantages of the system of interbudgetary relations in Ukraine require the following improvements. 1. It is necessary to avoid the complete budget alignment in the process of budgets balancing by interbudgetary transfers as the major objective. 2. The interbudgetary transfers should be distributed based on a formal approach. 3. The changes have to be introduced to the calculation of medical and educational subsidies in terms of financial standard of budget provision to avoid the money deficit for coverage of necessary expenditures. 4. There is a need to improve interbudgetary relations at the levels of districts, villages, towns, and cities of district subordination. 5. Improvement of the mechanism of targeted benefits provision, their real evaluation, and control for the use of funds.


Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in several biological functions and alterations, may damage cellular constituents. Among them, much interest has been focused on DNA, the macromolecule containing the genetic information. Damage to DNA may induce cell death or mutation that could give rise, several cellular divisions later, to cancer1,2. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in using Measuring Oxidized DNA Lesions as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: An Analytical Challenge


Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Ao) (bean bruchid beetle) causes widespread destruction of stored common beans (P^. vulgar i s L.), High levels of biological resistance to Ao in jP. vulgaris have been definitively established only in noncultivated P.. vulgaris accessions (Schoonhoven et_ al, 1983). Observations of stored tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) have indicated them to be more resistant to bruchid infestation than are peas, pinto beans or cowpeas (Nabhan and Teiwes, 1983). Birch ejt al^ (1985) have reported tepary bean to possess resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea bruchid). In a preliminary study, we observed tepary beans to resist damage by Ao, a major pest of Phaseolus species. In the following study we describe the biology of bruchid feeding on six P.. acutifolius accessions vs. seven P., vulgaris accessions.


Three years ago, Alvin Ang and his partner founded fidentiaX in Singapore, with the ambition to create the world's first marketplace for tradable insurance policies on blockchain. With a 26-page white paper, the start-up closed a successful fundraising round through an ICO (initial coin offering). Three years later, however, the company still had not completed the infrastructure for the insurance trading platform. Besides the rapidly dwindling funds, fidentiaX had to fight with a tardy development team, uncooperative incumbent insurers, and begrudging investors. The case provides an overview of the blockchain industry and insights into the secondary life insurance market. Through the case, students will assess the company's business strategies and learn about typical challenges faced by technology start-ups.


(5,6-Dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone O-methyl oxime is an important intermediate of methoxy-acrylate fungicides.[Methods](5,6-Dihydro-1,4,2-dioxazin-3-yl)(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanone O-methyl oxime can be obtained through hydroxyl protection,oxime,methylation,cyclization and deprotection reactions using methyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate as starting material.[Results] The total yield was 27.0% based on methyl 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate under the optimized reaction conditions and purity was as high as 98.5%.The structure of the end product was confirmed by 1H NMR and IR.[Conclusions] This process is simple,warm and economical,which make it very suitable for industrial production.


The evolution of the ideological and political course teachers' dmittance had passed through the stages of the initially teaching group construction,later the supplementation and consummatation,and then finally strict admittance.It is necessary to protect the ideological and political quality with a stable source of teachers,establishment of a complete system and the Teacher Certification and classes of ideological and political system,it's also important to put great effort on the strict entry requirements and standards with strict entry procedures.


New pedagogical views on assistive listening devices have enlightened the technology's impact on communication patterns among students with a hearing impairment. The objective of this study was to ...


A method was presented to test the torque and angle of car seat adjuster.The torque was tested by the output torque of an AC servo motor drive.The angle was tested by servo motor encoder.The control processes,problems that should pay attention to were illustrated.The test equipment was designed.The device has no external torque sensors and angle detection sensor,and its structure is simple,practical and reliable.


The performance improvements of Javacard virtual machine are of great significance for Java in the application of smart card.The appearance of high performance programmable device brings a new opportunity to solve the problem on hardware.The paper puts forward a way to Javacard VM soft core design based on Avalon bus.It adopts micro-architecture that micro-sequence interpreting executes bytecodes,Avalon-MM Master,RTL model by VHDL format.Meanwhile,it constructs a SOPC prototype system by general system development with SOPC Builder.The realized IP soft core can easily be transplanted.


I show how to avoid a two level nested conjugate gradient procedure in the context of a hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm with the overlap fermionic action. The resulting procedure is quite similar to a hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm with domain wall fermions, but is more flexible and therefore has some potential worth exploring.


Kombucha has an anticancer potency because it has dimethyl 2-(2-hydroxy-2-methoxypropilidine) malonate compound. The research aimed to verify the compound dimethyl 2-(2-hydroxy-2-methoxypropilidine) malonate as an anticancer with the in-silico method, namely the molecular docking approach, drug likeness profile, and ADMET test. The tools used were the PyRx, Discovery Studio Visualizer, Sanjeevini, and pkCSM. The research material consisted of 3D Dimethyl 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-Methoxypropilidine) Malonate and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). The analysis showed Dimethyl 2-(2-Hydroxy-2-Methoxypropilidine) Malonate is safe for consumption and can suppress cancer cells.


A series of homologous dendronized polymers (DPs) with generations (g) 1–3 and backbone nominal degrees of polymerization (Pn) in the range 50–3000 have been synthesized and characterized in order to investigate the g- and Pn-dependent viscoelastic properties and packing of this class of densely grafted, associating and effectively "thick" macromolecules in their molten state. Rheological measurements reveal an unusually long thermal equilibration time, attributed to (i) the tendency of DPs to minimize local density gradients, as realized via their mutual weak interpenetration, and (ii) the intermolecular DP–DP correlations and inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions. With the help of simulations and X-ray scattering measurements, a scenario emerges, according to which DPs interact via local cooperative rearrangements of the dendrons, akin to a Velcro fastening process. In this picture, neighboring bonds accelerate the local interpenetration process. Results from X-ray sca...


India's growth-inclined position on climate change appears legitimate. But with the potential to radically alter India's economy, and reshape the human security terrain and even the geopolitical order of south Asia, climate change is an issue on which India has perhaps the greatest to lose. Despite the importance of economic growth, "rising India" and inclusive development are not mutually exclusive. Adaptation to inevitable environmental shifts is necessary; political adaptation – including unity amongst the estranged south Asian neighbours – is imperative to manage the political and security-oriented consequences of climate change. F


Fecal glucocorticoid measurement is an important noninvasive tool to monitor animal health. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) method was developed to measure fecal cortisol in bottlenose dolphins under human care. The method was used to measure baseline hormone levels and evaluate the adrenal response to environmental challenges in a small number of individual dolphins. The method was validated by precision and accuracy tests and by comparison with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The parallelism test suggested few matrix interferences. The assay showed a good degree of precision within assay (CV = 5.4%) and between assays (CV = 4.1%). The RIA significantly correlated with the LC-MS method (r = 0.838, P < 0.01). The recovery test and the comparison between RIA and LC-MS suggested that the RIA slightly underestimates fecal cortisol concentrations, although the degree of accuracy was good. This study established that bottlenose dolphins excrete appreciable amounts of fecal cortisol (healthy subjects: 0.2–9.5 ng/g). Therefore, chronic HPA axis activation may be monitored in fecal samples by immunoassays after validating a suitable extraction protocol. The RIA could discriminate conditions of stimulation (pregnancy, parturition, isolation, transportation) and inhibition (diazepam administration) of the HPA axis and may, therefore, be useful for monitoring dolphin well-being.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) is increasing in the United States, yet more than half of the people with AD are diagnosed late in the course of the disease. Most are identified outside primary care. New approaches to prevention and treatment means that early detection of AD may improve the quality of life of those affected by the disease. Nurse practitioners (NPs) have an important role in increasing early diagnosis of AD.The purpose of this systematic literature review is to identify health care system factors that contribute to missed or delayed diagnosis of dementia by primary care providers.

METHODS
Articles were identified through a systematic electronic search of the following databases: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and PsycINFO.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Results indicate considerable variation in the diagnostic accuracy of dementia by primary care providers. Missed or underdiagnosis of dementia results from organizational, provider, and patient factors.New treatments are under investigation that may slow the progression of AD much better than current therapy, emphasizing the need to improve early detection by clinicians, especially primary care NPs.


The 5‐HT1A receptor is expressed presynaptically as the primary somatodendritic autoreceptor on serotonergic raphe neurons, and postsynaptically in several brain regions. Signaling of the 5‐HT1A autoreceptor was studied in RN46A cells, a model of serotonergic raphe neurons that express endogenous 5‐HT1A receptors. In undifferentiated RN46A cells stably transfected with the wild‐type 5‐HT1A receptor, 5‐HT1A receptor activation inhibited forskolin‐induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) formation (by 50%), increased [Ca2+]i, and induced a novel inhibition (up to 60%) of phospho‐p42/p44‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). Upon differentiation of non‐transfected or 5‐HT1A‐transfected RN46A cells, agonist‐mediated inhibition of MAPK was enhanced. These actions were blocked by pretreatment with pertussis toxin indicating mediation via Gi/Go proteins and the calcium response was blocked by preactivation of protein kinase C (PKC). In cells overexpressing the Gβγ scavenger carboxyl‐terminal domain of G protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK‐CT), 5‐HT1A receptor activation inhibited cAMP formation, but coupling to calcium mobilization and inhibition of MAPK was abolished. The activity of 5‐HT1A receptors containing mutations of PKC sites in the second (i2: T149A) or third intracellular loop (i3: T229A/S253G/T343A) was tested. At comparable levels of receptor expression, the signaling of the 5‐HT1A i3 mutant was similar to the 5‐HT1A wild‐type receptor, while the i2 and quadruple (i2/i3) mutants failed to couple to Gβγ‐mediated increase in [Ca2+]i or inhibition of MAPK, but did couple to Gαi‐mediated inhibition of cAMP. Thus, the i2‐domain of the 5‐HT1A autoreceptor is crucial for coupling to Gβγ subunits and their subsequent responses (e.g. calcium mobilization and inhibition of MAPK activity).


Literature has long documented how streamflow response in boreal hillslopes and catchments is influenced by storage capacities, thresholds, and landscape and runoff pathway heterogeneity. More recently, the influence these traits have on streamflow has been interpreted through the concept of hydrological connectivity. However, the nature of hydrological connectivity in boreal catchments has only begun to be described. The focus of hydrological connectivity studies at the catchment scale has been on discerning from which areas does runoff originate and when, but not necessarily discovering the source waters of this streamflow. This has been the realm of studies investigating residence time and runoff pathways. This article summarizes an investigation in a 155‐km2 catchment in Canada's Northwest Territories that applied both hydrometric and geochemical methods to measure streamflow response, storage state, connectivity and source waters. The goal of this research was to determine if a catchment scale metric of connectivity could be sensitive to changes in source waters and runoff pathways in a boreal landscape, so as to improve the predictive role of connectivity metrics. Nine runoff events from three water years were evaluated. There were distinct patterns of hydrological connectivity, which included, among others, a non‐linear relationship with the runoff ratio and hysteresis with streamflow. The results indicate that one metric of connectivity alone could not encapsulate connectivity extent and quality, identify water sources and be used successfully to predict runoff response. Multiple metrics were needed that further encapsulated the role of precipitation and hydrological processes on both structural and dynamic connectivity. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Hydrological Processes. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


There are several shortcomings, such as poor succession and low efficiency, when BPA transient calculation program is called by some advanced application systems in EMS through tradition interface. In order to solve these shortcomings, an interface designed for calling BPA transient calculation program quickly and effectively is proposed. Through setting unified BPA transient calculation program interface file interaction standard, the shortcoming of poor succession is solved. According to the features of the advanced application systems in EMS, a method to call the BPA transient calculation program quickly and effectively is designed to call the BPA interface more quickly and effectively. A test case is done in Guangdong Power Grid of China to call the BPA transient calculation program interface using the fine operational rules online automatic discovery system. The results show that the designed interface for calling BPA transient calculation program has good succession and high efficiency, can call the BPA transient calculation program more quickly and effectively.


Abstract: Quanti-qualitative research. Health condition (growth and development) was evaluated using WHO/SAP standars, PESQUISA NATIONAL TEST*; and the social family situation of motherless children under 5, from mothers who died in obstetric situations in 2008 was assessed through home visits and semi-structured surveys. In growth: 57% eutrophic; 29% chronic undernurished; 14% over-weight. In development: Personal-social area (100%); fine and gross motor skills (86%), language (42%) according to age. Fragile social family situation; 87% poor; 13% indigents, 100% with no medical coverage and absense, shortage or inadequacy of basic services. They solved health problems with homemade medicine or healers. Poor social protection. Conclusion: Health condition of motherless children, satisfactory. In deveploment some presented delays in language and motor skills. Precariousness and vulnerability have increased in carer families. They showed strong bonds of protection towards these motherless children.


................................................................................................................. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................


1. Biomass burning is important and hard to sample 2. Griffith showed advantages of OP-FTIR 3. Bertschi et al 2003 first showed significance of RSC for some ecosystems 4. Christian et al 2007 then did point source measurements of RSC 5. We now present long path spatially integrated measurements of RSC and other weakly lofted emissions. The point measurements are beneficial in being fuel specific, which may allow scaling. The path integrated measurements are beneficial in that they may be more site-integrated. 6. We disprove the proposal that MCE could be measured from space with current technology. 7. We compare the fuel consumption obtained from FRP to the traditional measurements (if that is what they are) shown in Table 1. Or defer to another paper?


This work describes the possibilities for the earth fault detection at the compensated neutral networks and represents one practical solution - a developed universal earth-fault indicator (UEI), which is allowed to detect the earth-faults at the compensated neutral cable networks and the fault detection with the fault indicators, which is connected into distribution network SCADA system by the radio signals. The universal earth-fault indicator is realized as a directional zero-sequence protection device based on comparison of the time when zero-sequence current and zero-sequence voltage occurred with the given time. There are presented block-diagram of the universal earth-fault indicator and working algorithms e.t.c. A pilot project "integration of the fault indicators into the distribution network SCADA system" has reviewed which was carried out at Jelgava cable distribution networks in the year 2003.


Ionic liquids (ILs) were supported on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for adsorption of tetracyclines (TCNs) from water samples. Benzothiazolium haxafluorophosphate IL when combined with Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 MOF ([HBth][PF6] @ZIF-8) demonstrated successful adsorption performance.


For $\mathfrak{g}$ a simple Lie algebra and $G$ its adjoint group, the Chevalley map and work of Coxeter gives a concrete description of the algebra of $G$-invariant polynomials on $\mathfrak{g}$ in terms of traces over various representations. Here we provide an extension of this description to $G$-invariant tensors on $\mathfrak{g}$, although restricted to only providing generators and only for the classical Lie algebras.


Objective
To evaluate the long-term efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for gastric variceal bleeding.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 65 cirrhotic patients with type 1 isolated gastric variceal bleeding in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2014 to January 2016. Patients were divided into two groups, TIPS treatment group (n=28), and gastric variceal obturation (GVO) treatment group (n=37). The long-term follow-up results of the two groups were compared.

Results
Operations of the two groups were succeed. Postoperative complications in the TIPS group and GVO group were 7.14%(2/28) and 13.51%(5/37), respectively, (P=0.801). Nine cases (32.14%) had mild hepatic encephalopathy in the TIPS group, and no occurred in the GVO group. During the 20.18±6.90 months of follow-up in the TIPS treatment group, 2 (7.14%) patients died, and the cumulative rebleeding-free rate at 6, 12 and 18 months was 88.4%, 83.7% and 76.1%, respectively. During the 16.14±6.03 months of follow-up in the GVO treatment group, 5(13.51%) patients died, and the cumulative rebleeding-free rate at 6, 12 and 18 months was 86.5%, 70.2% and 60.9%, respectively. The survival rate between the two groups had no significant difference (P=0.690). There was a statistically significant difference in the cumulative non-bleeding rate in 18 months of follow up (log-rank test, χ2=6.304, P=0.012).

Conclusion
TIPS is superior to GVO for controlling gastric variceal bleeding in the long run, but clinicians should be vigilant to the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy after operation.

Key words:
Liver cirrhosis; Hypertension, portal; Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; Endoscopic gastric variceal obturation


NASRIN AZAD, LILY AGRAWAL, MARY ANN EMANUELE, MARK R. KELLEY, NAHID MOHAGHEGHPOUR, ANN M. LAWRENCE, AND NICHOLAS V. EMANUELE Departments ofMedicine (NA., M.A.E., A.M.L., NV.E.) and of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and the Molecular Biology Program (M.A.E., M.R.K., A.M.L., NV.E.), Loyola University Stritch School ofMedicine, Maywood, Illinois; Research (NA., M.A.E., A.M.L., NV.E.), Medical (NA., M.AB., A.M.L., NV.E.), Psychiatry (NA.), and Extended Care Services (L.A.), VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois; Medical Research Institute ofSan Francisco at California Pacific Medical Center (NM.), San Francisco, California


Natural rubber is produced in laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis. Latex is the cytoplasm of laticifers. Latex harvesting by tapping and ethephon stimulation generates multiple stress into latex cells. Over a threshold of stress, redox homeostasis cannot be maintained that leads to oxidative stress resulting in latex flow stoppage and consequently to rubber yield reduction, a physiological syndrome called Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD). Given the availability of the sequence of rubber genome, the essential genes involved in production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were identified and their expression characterized in laticifer. Among the 452 Hevea redox-related genes, 160 were expressed in latex. The main pathways of ROS production and scavenging were predicted for each subcellular compartment based on sequence features and their expression levels upon ethephon and TPD.


In this communication, we illustrate how the different co-conformations of fullerene-stoppered molecular shuttles can give different third order nonlinear optical responses, demonstrating the potential of molecular shuttles for photonic applications.


In this paper, given a left type II censored sample from a generalized logistic distribution, we obtain the Bayes estimators and corresponding risks of the unknown parameter under different asymmetric loss functions, assuming different informative and non-informative priors. Elicitation of hyperparameter through prior predictive approach is also discussed. Also we derive the expression for posterior predictive distributions and the credible Intervals. As an illustration, comparisons of these estimators are made through simulation study as well as real life data example along graphical results. The findings of the study indicate that the Bayes estimation under the gamma prior can be preferred.


Isospin triggering allows to distinguish coalescence from thermal production of light clusters in heavy ion collisions. Triggering on $Y(\pi^-) - Y(\pi^+)$ allows to select very neutron or proton rich final states. The deuteron (cluster) production with coalescence ($d \propto n \cdot p$) leads then to an inverse parabolic dependence of the deuteron yield on $\Delta Y_{\pi}$. In contrast, in a thermal model, cluster production is independent on $\Delta Y_{\pi}$. The observation of a maximum deuteron (cluster) yield as function of $\Delta Y_{\pi}$ provides confirmation of the coalescence mechanism.


The present invention relates to an electrode plate, the electrode sheet comprises a substrate and a coating applied on said substrate, said coating comprising a fluorinated graphene oxide material. Fluorinated graphene oxide has excellent conductivity, so that its production using an electrode material having high energy density and power transfer efficiency. Further, the present invention relates to a method for preparing an electrode sheet and the electrode sheet prepared using the lithium ion battery and a super capacitor.


This chapter aims to enhance our understanding of the notions of firsthand knowledge and of understanding, of how these are related, and of their importance in a flourishing human life. On certain questions of great human interest, firsthand knowledge and firsthand understanding are closely interrelated and have high priority. Such questions are often met in the humanities, broadly conceived to include not only appreciation of art, but also appreciation of sports, food, relationships, nature, and much more. And many such questions are to be found in philosophy. All such humanistic questions stand in contrast with practical questions where mere information suffices. What follows is devoted to explaining and defending these ideas.


T‐lymphocyte recognition, activation and function involve anumber of T‐cell‐specific surface proteins in addition to the receptor for antigen. The structure, function and genetic analysis of four of these T‐cell differentiation antigens are discussed.


In many biopolymer solutions, attractive interactions that stabilize finite-sized clusters at low concentrations also promote phase separation at high concentrations. Here we study a model biopolymer system that exhibits the opposite behavior: Self-assembly of DNA oligonucleotides into finite-sized, stoichiometric clusters, known as"DNA nanostars", tends to inhibit phase separation of the oligonucleotides at high temperatures. We use microfluidics-based experiments to map the phase behavior of DNA nanostars at high concentrations of divalent cations, revealing a novel phase transition in which the oligonucleotides condense upon increasing temperature. We then show that a theoretical model of competition between self-assembly and phase separation quantitatively predicts changes in experimental phase diagrams arising from DNA sequence perturbations. Our results point to a general mechanism by which self-assembly shapes phase boundaries in complex biopolymer solutions.


Based on the smart grid as the research background, this paper responded to the massive multi-source data processing requirements of the smart grid, and combined with distributed computing to provide the edge of the solution, aiming at the existing data of electric power equipment state monitoring data in noise and redundant data problems. A distributed kalman filter algorithm based on edge of computing was put forward. In this algorithm, event decision strategy was added to the data processing and transmission process of edge computing terminal to control the communication times between nodes and terminals in an event-driven way. Meanwhile, redundant data and data interfered by noise were reduced through the processing of the algorithm, so as to ensure the data quality and improve the fusion efficiency. Finally, the effectiveness of the method was verified by the analysis of compression efficiency and data fusion time.


During the period of colonial Choson, there were a total of 18 To(道) government office buildings in 13 To. Among them 6 To buildings were newly constructed and enlarged, whose plan types were changed and remodeled to more ordered shapes like 山, ?or 王. 3 To buildings were not newly constructed but reused as pre-existing buildings and enlarged and remodeled, whose plan types were changed to 山or 凹. There were 4 plans for newly construction of To buildings but not realized, whose plan types were 日or 山. As a result in the period of colonial Choson, the preference of 山type plan of To building through newly constructed, reused building enlarged or planning of not realized newly construction. In all kinds of enlargements and plans it is clear that the front part of To building was maintained of with symmetry and centrality but the back side of To building was freely enlarged as to the needs for space and for connection to another accessory buildings. The reason of this tendency was that To buildings were not constructed such enough space so many accessory buildings in their site should be used but also there was a intention to give the buildings authority as an colonial government office by keeping symmetry and centrality in their front part.


The US space activities from their inception have been closely connected with the private sector. However, only in 2010s private space companies have come to play a prominent role not only on the global market of space services but in the field of international security as well. At the same time, this trend towards commercialization of outer space use and the growing role of the private space sector in ensuring national security is still understudied. This paper aims to partially fill this gap by assessing approaches to these issues adopted by the administration of D. Trump. In the first section the author notes that both conceptual and legal frameworks of private space activities lack clarity and proposes an operational definition of the phenomenon. The second section provides a brief overview of the key strategic policy documents of the Trump's administration including those on commercial use of space in general and its implications for the US national security in particular. The third section identifies the trend towards the institutionalization of the US Space Forces as one of the priorities of the Trump's administration military policy. The fourth section thoroughly examines key forms and areas of the public–private partnership in commercial use of space, including launch services, communication services, intelligence gathering, as well as production and maintenance of satellites. Finally, the fifth section assesses the prospects for private space activities given the current tightness of the space services market and growing competition. The author concludes that private space plays a subsidiary role within the US national security and is still heavily dependent on state support. Nevertheless, the scope of public–private cooperation is expanding and the models of interaction are changing. The Trump's administration has contributed to the development of the industry through liberalization of regulations and involvement of private sector in the new large-scale projects, such as the Artemis program. The other important outcome of the space policy of the 45th President of the United States is anchoring of private space activities in the US national security strategy documents.


Levamisole, a broad spectrum anthelmintic is an alr eady proven and promising immunomodulating agent which is reported to improve the phagocytic and bacterici dal activities in patients suffering from polymorph ism in surgical jaundice. The present article is construct ed to review and discuss on the immunogenic potential of levamisole in vaccinated broiler chicks with effect on serum protein profile like serum total protein, albumen, globulin concentrations, albumen : globulin (A:G) r atio and body weight gain respectively.


This paper uses the example of First Nations housing in British Columbia to explore how culturally legitimate community economies are being advanced to overcome the deficiencies of top-down, state-led housing efforts and market relations. Through the lens of the diverse economy, we highlight how First Nations community institutions can and do serve to oversee the utilization of territorial forest resources for the production and distribution of housing materials locally. The findings point towards First Nations communities navigating (often in latent ways) complex sites of decision-making through: ethical negotiations related to (de)commoditization; needs and surplus evaluation; and transactions and rules of (in) commensurability. While these examples appear to challenge the conventional logics of capitalist-market institutions, First Nations communities also must contend with the many structural barricades to change that exist within the settler-colonial institutional framework.


Fuzzy-interval valued functions (FIVFs) are the generalization of interval valued and real valued functions, which have a great contribution to resolve the problems arising in the theory of interval analysis. In this article, we elaborate the convexities and pre-invexities in aspects of FIVFs and investigate the existence of fuzzy fractional integral operators (FFIOs) having a generalized Bessel–Maitland function as their kernel. Using the class of convexities and pre-invexities FIVFs, we prove some Hermite–Hadamard (H-H) and trapezoid-type inequalities by the implementation of FFIOs. Additionally, we obtain other well known inequalities having significant behavior in the field of fuzzy interval analysis.


Factors causing variations in construction costs were evaluated through study of various completed road projects. The results were used to determine the magnitude of cost variations and costs as a tool for predicting the final costs were modelled (a).


(ed. 1879). I* * a P^y *h Unger's excellent correction in 15. 5 (Laeuinus for Liuius) is entirely ignored, though it was adopted by Luchs himself in 1889 and by subsequent editors. In 1. 9, the editor accepts ' in Cn. Fuluii similitudinem nominis . . . increpans,' repeating Weissenborn's quotation (which is not strictly parallel), and wrongly calling this the Spirensian reading. The evidence of MSS. and passages like Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2. 3. 3 both point to the accusative without in as correct. In 15. 15, we have illo loco . . . praepositus (rightly, I think) against Luchs. In 39. 13, celeriorem of the MSS. is rightly kept (the defence is hardly needed since Luchs accepted it later); and in 18. 6,facilior in ascensum is also rightly kept, though here, where some defence is needed, there is only a reference to Weissenborn which does not help. In 14. 14, supra milk et trecenti occisi is silently adopted. Yet the edition is not without some value for the text of Livy. Not having room for a critical appendix, the editor has included in the commentary some notes written by Professor Castiglioni. Some of these are useful and illuminating—e.g., in 20. 12, C. accounts for the reading decernerent given by the codex Puteanus for obicerent (Sp), by reading decerneretur for ageretur in the next line.


Abstract Bureaucratic organizational structure (OS) is perceived as an impediment to employees' positive behavior including their knowledge-sharing behavior. This study investigates the role of formal, centralized and hierarchal OS in shaping the knowledge sharing behavior of public employees. It investigates the mediation role of social dilemma, i.e., a clash between self and collective interests. Cross-sectional data are collected from 309 executive employees of five federal ministries in Pakistan. The results confirm that formal and centralized OS receive significant positive association, whereas hierarchal OS receives a significant negative association with employees' knowledge-sharing behavior. Partial negative mediation role of the social dilemma is also evident from the results. It implies that employees prefer to pursue self-interest when they find a clash between self and collective interests. Therefore, the study suggests concrete measures in human resource policies and practices that may improve the ethical environment of public sector institutions.


The development of Road Information Acquisition Systems (RIASs) based on the Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) paradigm has been widely studied for the last years. In that sense, most of the existing MCS-based RIASs focus on urban road networks and assume a car-based scenario. However, there exist a scarcity of approaches that pay attention to rural and country road networks. In that sense, forest paths are used for a wide range of recreational and sport activities by many different people and they can be also affected by different problems or obstacles blocking them. As a result, this work introduces SAMARITAN, a framework for rural-road network monitoring based on MCS. SAMARITAN analyzes the spatio-temporal trajectories from cyclists extracted from the fitness application Strava so as to uncover potential obstacles in a target road network. The framework has been evaluated in a real-world network of forest paths in the city of Cieza (Spain) showing quite promising results.


In general, plastic sheet displays vibration-damping by converting vibration energy into thermal energy. Laminated steel plates were prepared by putting a plastic sheet between two steel plates. The extent of vibration-damping of the laminated steel plate was evaluated for two types of plastics by measuring the loss factor.The resins investigated were acrylonitrile (A)-styrene (S)-butyl acrylate (B) terpolymer and methyl methacrylate (M)-butyl acrylate (B) copolymer. We prepared eight kinds of specimens having different butyl acrylate contents. A cantilever method was adopted for obtaining frequency response spectra, from which the loss factor was derived according to ASTM-E756.Laminated steel plates with AS-B terpolymer gave the maximum loss factor at temperatures above 100°C. The factor was as high as 0.5 at 40°C for the plate prepared from the M-B copolymer having butyl acrylate of 54mol%. The plates with M-B copolymer are expected to be very useful for vibration-damping near room temperature.


Zakat empomrment in the community is obviously critical becausi beside it is an
abligationfrom God, %akatis love-ties hehveen the rich andthepoor. Unfortunately, %akat
collected in Indonesia has never achieved the tarfft according to %akat incomeprediction;
even themajority of thepopulation iiMuslims. One of thefactors lies beyondthefactis lack
of %akat empoverment in the community. To this reason, this writing tries to discuss %akat
empowerment through value andreligous af>proach. The af>proach is impkmentation of the
religious values tarbiyatul ruhiyah and sodal value that aln>ays attach to motivation to give
%akat.


The longitudinal Kerr effect has been used to observed domain structure during dc and 60‐Hz magnetization in conventional (110) [001] grain oriented 3% Si–Fe as a function of applied tensile stress parallel to the rolling direction. The observed domain processes indicate that the source of the Villari reversal in this material is demagnetizing fields occurring at grain boundaries and at the sheet surface. In grains where the [001] tilted out of the sheet surface, demagnetizing fields were produced when 90° flux closure domains were eliminated by applied tensile stress. During magnetization under applied tensile stress, these demagnetizing fields restabilized the original unstressed closure structure. High speed movies of the magnetization process in grains with perfect plane orientation revealed that although the 180° wall spacing was decreased by applied tensile stress the flux became very nonuniform due to the buildup of grain boundary demagnetizing fields and the average 180° wall velocity was not decr...


We examine an intuitive and very simple approach to find a suboptimal solution to TSP. The algorithm consists of the determination of the initial tour, permutation of the consecutive six cities and the deletion of the crossover. We have tested two kinds of algorithm to the examples on the Web site of TSPLIB95. The average ratio of the length of the obtained tour to the optimal length was 1.0464 and 1.0662.


In this study, we summarise the requirements for collaborative product development based on our investigation of the differences in the resources and tools that are needed for the various stages of collaborative product development and the needs of system users during these various stages. We proposed a user-oriented approach of collaborative product development for medical equipment and designed a collaborative product development system with the required functionalities to satisfy different areas according to their roles and workflow. The system we developed can drastically simplify the original complex and dispersed process of product development for intelligent medical equipment, thereby allowing the project team to develop new medical-equipment products and promote interactions among the research and development staff, clinical specialists, and the test participants successfully, thereby resulting in a user-oriented collaborative product development process.


The purpose of this paper is to formulate an answer to the following question: can a person be the object of an order of criminal commitment when the person that commits the crime has a mental disorder yet makes a mistake of fact? If it is considered that the person with a mental disorder does not satisfy the requirements of mens rea, it should be concluded that he does not act unlawfully, and if the person does not act unlawfully there could be not criminal commitment. The paper examines what kind of response the Chilean doctrine would offer to this case, concluding that their arguments are not sufficient to develop a plausible response. To elaborate an answer to the question, the paper introduces some basic elements of contemporary analytical epistemology, and with them, it develops the requirement of "reasonableness" as the crucial condition to establish that mentally disordered persons can be the object of an order of criminal commitment even when they make a mistake of fact. It is concluded that this requirement is also applicable, in special cases, to the culpable person whether he/she makes a mistake of fact or a mistake of law.


Activated carbon were prepared from shell of Terminalia cattapa. The shell of Terminalia cattapa werecarbonized by conventional carbonization for 3 hours. The ratio of mass percentase of carbon granular: KOH is 2 : 1. The mixtures of carbon granular and KOH were soaked in 200 mL boilong water for 12hours, 24 hours and 36 hours. Subseguent by irradiated with output power of 630 watt for 20 minutes.The samples were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and EDX, and BET. Carboncontent and BET surface area of sampel are 66,23 % - 69,26 % and 285,85 m2/g - 293,36 m2/g,


In 1922 1 and 1936 2 Feldman presented detailed discussions of the subject of folliculitis decalvans et lichen spinulosus of Graham Little. According to Feldman, numerous investigators have studied this interesting disease and have reported it or closely similar conditions under the following titles: folliculitis decalvans et atrophicans (Little), 3 folliculite destructive des regions velues (Quinquand), folliculitis decalvans et lichen spinulosus (Ormsby, 4 Senear, 5 Graham Little 6 and others), lichen spinulosus et folliculitis atrophica sycosiformis capillitii (Zurhelle and Beijerinch), lichen albus (von Zumbusch), dermatitis lichenoides chronica atrophicans (Csillag), lichen planus sclerosus et atrophicus (Hallopeau), lichen plan atrophique (Hallopeau), lichen plan sclereaux keloidiformis (Pawlow), lichen planus morphoeicus (Crocker), lichen planus seu spinulosus (Crocker, and Adamson 7 ), folliculitis decalvans et atrophicans (McCarthy 8 ), keratosis follicularis decalvans (McCafferty 9 ) and lichen planopilaris of Pringle (Fruchtbaum 10 ). A review of the literature and the presentation of our cases support Feldman's contention that Graham


This paper presents an experimental analysis to investigate the performance of a novel mixed mode solar greenhouse dryer with forced convection which was used to dry red pepper. The drier consisted of a flat plate solar collector and a chapel-shaped greenhouse. The drying rate in the solar greenhouse dryer could be much higher than that for the open air sun drying. The present drying system practically shortens the drying time of red pepper and grape by 7 hours. The experimental drying curves show only the falling rate period. The payback period of the dryer was found to be 1.17 years, much less than the estimated life of the system (20 years). Keywords— greenhouse dryer, open sun drying, red pepper, economic evaluation.


A numerical investigation is reported of one of the simplest classes of the autocorrelation functions of the intensity of pulses with a time substructure. This class is characterized by two very different time scales which are the durations of a spike and its pedestal, and by a pedestal with one local maximum. It is shown that such intensity autocorrelation functions represent no more than two typical laser pulses. The possibility of obtaining information on the characteristics of laser pulses with varying parameters from the average intensity autocorrelation functions is considered.


CASES of visceral neurofibromatosis are rare ; King (1917) found report of only 3 cases of neurofibro-matosis of the intestine in 119 non-malignant intestinal tumours. Raiford (1932), from I 1,500 autopsies and 45,000 surgical specimens at Johns Hopkins Hospital, was able to collect 88 cases of primary benign and malignant tumours of the small intestine, out of which there was not a single example of neurofibroma.


This study aimed to investigate the interactions among flaxseed gum(FG),soy protein isolate(SPI) and casein in pork sausages.Factorial design was applied to study the effects of different levels of added FG,SPI and casein on the water retention and oil retention of pork sausages.Our results indicated that FG addition had highly significant effect on the water retention of sausages after drying for 20 min at 60 ℃(P 0.01),but showed no significant effect on water retention after drying for 40 min at 60 ℃(P0.05).Casein addition also affected the water retention of sausages after drying for 20 or 40 min at 60 ℃(P 0.01).Casein had the most significant effect on the water retention of sausages,followed by FG;the effect of SPI was the weakest.FG addition had significant effect on the oil retention of sausages after immersion in diethyl ether for 20,40 or 60 min(P0.05),and similar results were observed when SPI or casein was added.SPI addition showed highly significant influence on the oil retention of sausage after immersion in diethyl ether for 60 min(P0.01) and there was a significant interaction between FG and SPI on the water retention of sausages after drying for 60 min at 60 ℃(P 0.05).SPI was superior to casein in terms of oil retention.


In this study, SiC (silicon carbide) and B4C (boron carbide) added Al 7075 based composites were prepared at 40%, 20% and 10% reinforcement ratios. Using powder metallurgy, composite sample with 9 different structures were produced at 700 MPa pressing pressure, at 550 °C in 90, 120, 150 min applying three different sintering times. According to Archimedes principle, theoretical densities of composite samples were calculated. Then, the hardness measurements and transverse rupture tests were conducted. Lastly, wear tests were conducted using the Pin on Disc Method. Images of composite samples were taken at optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the microstructures were examined. It was determined that increase in SiC and B4C reinforcement ratios decreased the fracture resistance. However, when every reinforcement ratio was evaluated separately, it was observed that increase in sintering time affected the fracture resistance positively. Increase in sintering time also increased the density values, and the hardening values and wear resistance decreased. Increase in reinforcement ratios and sintering time affected the composite wear behavior negatively. Increase in reinforcement ratio in composite structure decreased the density; however, hardening values increased. In conclusion, in such type of composites, reinforcement ratios in definite proportions (∼20%) affect mechanical features positively, and excess in that ratio affect mechanical features negatively. Especially 40% reinforcement ratio was high for such type of composites and was not suitable for mechanical features.


Lateral hypothalamus (LH) contains GABA neurons involved in controlling metabolism and sleep. LH glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) GABA neurons are intrinsically depolarized, unlike classical GAD65 neurons of the cortex. LH GAD65 GABA neurons are distinct from most studied LH neurons (orexin and melanin‐concentrating hormone cells). A subset of LH GAD65 neurons are glucose inhibited. Our study adds new populations of glucose sensing neurons to the list of hypothalamic sugar sensors and introduces inhibitory circuit elements of the LH.


This paper deals with the job shop problem of simultaneous scheduling of production operations and preventive maintenance tasks. To solve this problem, we develop an elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm that provides a set of Pareto optimal solutions minimising the makespan and the total maintenance cost. A deep study was made to choose the best encoding, operators, and the different probabilities. Some lower bounds of the adopted criteria are developed. The computational experiments carried out on a set of published instances validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.


Why should contractors take a hard look at lightweight steel framing? Basically, because it is the quality system being increasingly specified for commercial, industrial, institutional, and residential buildings, and for good reason too. Lightweight steel framing offers contractors, designers and owners many advantages over alternative systems. The expanded populari ty and usage of steel framing offers the drywall, lathing, residential and existing steel framing subcontractors the opportunity to increase their market participation. Furthermore, to enhance their product knowledge and market potential, these contractors are not only interested in the aspects of the system that have a direct relationship on their cost, but also the other advantages that say, developers or owners can appreciate. It should be noted that lightweight steel framing is not the same product commonly used for interior drywall studs. A lighter gage metal stud is used for these drywall non-load bearing partitions. Nor should lightweight steel framing be confused with the heavier hot-rolled structural steel members commonly used in beam, girder and column design.


Most assays for DNA repair either measure a single biochemical end-point (e.g. dimer excision, 'repair synthesis' of DNA) or the biological end-point under conditions where repair and DNA replication are concomitant (e.g. cell survival, phage reactivation). For the biochemical dissection of DNA repair mechanisms, however, it is frequently desirable to uncouple repair from replication. The repressed infection system (Hays & Boehmer, 1978), originally used to study u.v.-stimulated recombination, accomplishes this. Essentially, Escherichia coli lysogens are superinfected with 'H-labelled phage. Cell samples are taken at known times after infection and whole cell DNA extracts are made. The DNA is further purified by phenol extraction and dialysed against Tris buffer, pH 8.0 lO.05 MTris/HCI (pH 8.0)/0.001 M-disodium-EDTA]. It can then be assayed either to a biological end-point, by determining its infectivity or to a biochemical end-point, e.g. by determining its thymine-dimer content. In order to measure infectivity more efficiently a spheroplast strain which is totally repair-deficient but transfects undamaged DNA efficiently was constructed. E. coli strain KL176/1 (Hays & Boehmer, 1978), a spheroplasting strain which is recA-, recB-/1 was transformed to Rec+ with plasmid pDR 1453 (Sancar & Rupp, 1979) which carries a functional rec A gene. A galkmutant of the transformant was selected by propagating on medium containing deoxygalactose. This strain was then transduced to galkt uvrBwith bacteriophage PI. Plasmid curing, by growing the strain overnight at 37°C in nutrient broth containing 5pg of coumermycin/ml, yielded the recA-,recB-,uorB-/l strain. Spheroplasts of this strain transfected unirradiated phage DNA as efficiently as the uvrB+ parent, but transfected irradiated phage DNA 300x less efficiently. Repair was measured either by determining the infectivity of irradiated phage DNA relative to unirradiated phage DNA which had also passed through a similar infection (relative infectivity) or by measuring the removal of thymine dimers. The effect of temperature on repair was studied and a comparison of results obtained with the infectivity and thymine-dimer assays was made. E. coli 1 lysogen JH158 was infected with either unirradiated or irradiated (100 J m-*, 254 nm) alM-l96538-ind-red, phage (Hays et al., 1981) at a multiplicity of infection of 15. Cell samples were removed at known intervals up to 240 minutes after infection, and DNA was extracted. The relative infectivity of the DNA was determined and the remainder was ethanolprecipitated. Precipitated DNA was resuspended in Hepes buffer, pH 7.6 10.05 M-Hepes (pH 7.6)/0.001 M-disodium EDTA/O.OOS M-MgCl,]. Thymine-dimer content was estimated by determining the number of strand-breaks generated by treatment with an excess of the Sephadex G-75 fraction of the Micrococcus luteus thymine-dimer-specific endonuclease preparation (Haseltine et al., 1980). The number of alkalisusceptible breaks per duplex molecule generated in enzyme


The effect of polymers [gelatin, dextran, poly(vinyl alcohol), polyvinylimidazoles] on the photochemical and thermal isomerization of the water-soluble bisazo dye, Acid Yellow 38, has been studied. The absorption spectrum curve of the cis AY38 isomer was obtained using the method of Fischer. We have shown that the rate of thermal cis–trans isomerization of AY38 is first order and independent of pH from 6 to 9. An activation energy of 84 ± 4 kJ mol−1 has been calculated for this process. The effect of added polymers on the rate of this conversion is relatively small. The quantum yields for the trans-cis and cis–trans conversions have been estimated to be 0.15 ± 0.01 and 0.34 ± 0.03, respectively, for irradiation at 380 nm. Only polyvinylimidazoles were found to influence the behavior of the dye to any degree. For quaternized polyvinylimidazole the polymer/dye ratio determined solution turbidity, wavelength of maximum absorption, molar absorptivity, and the degree of conversion at photoequilibrium. The effect of polymer was interpreted in terms of increased dye/dye interactions due to high local concentration of the dye bound to polymer. The charge neutralization and crosslinking by the dye due to ionic interactions are seen to be the cause of polymer/dye complex precipitation. Precipitation occurs over a narrow [polymer]/[dye] ratio range.


This paper reports on an advanced mixed-mode circuit simulation in which circuit-level switching simulations are performed and the semiconductor equations are solved consistently with circuit equations. As a demonstration, mixed-mode circuit simulation was used to study the dynamics of unclamped-inductive switching (UIS) of a scaled vertical power MOSFET structure. The parasitic bipolar transistor parameters, including the p-base charge and area were varied to study the effect of bipolar turn-on on the UIS switching characteristics and to optimize the device design for maximum UIS avalanche current capability. The simulation results are shown to be in excellent agreement with the measured data. Experimental data was obtained for scaled power MOSFETs fabricated using refractory metal/silicide source and gate contact technology.<<ETX>>


Oxidative photoinduced electron transfer (PET) reactions have been performed with various silyl enol ethers and silyloxy-2H-chromones bearing an olefinic or silylacetylenic side chain, The reactions result in regioselective ring closure with the formation of bi- to tetracyclic ring systems with a well-defined ring juncture, e.g. perhydrophenanthrenones 13 or benzo-annellated xanthenones 24. Our investigations have focussed on the optimization of this cyclization method with regard to irradiation time and product yield. The irradiation times could be reduced by using the cosensitized PET method. Modifying the substrate at the silyl group led to enhanced yields. In addition, we found that solvent and pressure dependences are important tools, allowing control of the regiochemistry. Both the synthesis of 6-endo products by radical cationic reaction pathways, as well as 5-exo ring closure by radical intermediates was achieved. Mechanistic details, including findings from deuterium labelling experiments, are discussed.


Abstract This paper examines the appeal exerted by Maoist China upon a broad category of Arab onlookers from the mid-twentieth century onwards. It accomplishes this by focussing on the writings of two categories of observers: short-term visitors, who had experienced China through government-organised planned tours, and long-term residents, foreign experts, who had been recruited by the Chinese state as language instructors, translators and editors. Across the ideological spectrum and with a high-degree of consistency, these diverse onlookers articulated highly romanticised images of Maoist China as a model for post-colonial modernity. These sympathetic imaginaries, the paper argues, stemmed less from a systematic engagement with Chinese realities on-the-ground, and more from a sense of anxiety over the Arab world. Maoist China was in essence reconceptualized as a 'homeland that could have been,' offering lessons as well as hope for the future as filtered through the ideological biases of these observers. The paper discusses the writings of short-term visitors and long-term residents through a broader retelling of the history of the Arab diaspora in Maoist and early post-Maoist China. It also utilises previously neglected sources, most notably the China-centric works of Salamah 'Ubayd (1921–1984) and Hadi al-'Alawi (1932–1998), in presenting its key arguments.


Abstract - In this study, we tried to investigate whether platycodin D significantly affects MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF), phorbol ester (PMA) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from human airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with varying concentrations of platycodin D for 30 min and then stimulated with EGF, PMA and TNF-α for 24h, respectively. MUC5AC mucin gene expression and mucin protein production were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. The results were as follows: (1) Platycodin D was found to inhibit the production of MUC5AC mucin protein induced by EGF, PMA, and TNF-α, respectively. (2) It also inhibited the expression of MUC5AC mucin gene induced by the same inducers. These results suggest that platycodin D can regulate mucin gene expression and production of mucin protein, by directly acting on human airway epithelial cells. Keywords: Airway mucin, MUC5AC, Platycodin D INTRODUCTION Airway mucus is very important in defensive action against invading pathogenic microorganisms, chemicals and particles. This defensive action of airway mucus is at-tributed to the physicochemical property of mucins i.e. viscoelasticity. Mucins are multimillion dalton glycoproteins present in the airway mucus and produced by goblet cells in the surface epithelium as well as mucous cells in the submucosal gland. However, hypersecretion of airway mu-cus is one of the major symptoms associated with severe pulmonary diseases including asthma, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis (Ellis, 1985). Therefore, we suggest it is valuable to find the potential activity of reg-ulating (inhibiting) the excess mucin secretion (production) by the compounds derived from various medicinal plants. We have tried to investigate the possible activities of some natural products on mucin secretion from cultured airway epithelial cells. As a result of our trial, we previously re-ported that several natural compounds affected mucin se-cretion and/or production from airway epithelial cells (Lee


The Marginal basins of Western and Northwestern Australia extend approximately 3,800 km along the coast and comprise both continental shelf and adjacent deepwater plateau areas. From north to south, the principal basins are the Sahul/Malita, Browse, Carnarvon, and Perth basins. The stratigraphic sequence within each basin is broadly similar, with initial widespread Triassic-Early Jurassic deposition in broad regional pre-rift sags. Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic rifting on the Northwest Shelf and early Cretaceous rifting in the Perth basin varies in intensity across the region, and provides the primary control of hydrocarbon distribution through trap type, reservoir, and source rock quality. The best-developed oil source rocks of the region are found in these Jurassic rifted sequences. Although drilling to date has been generally sparse, with only some 824 wells throughout the entire area, significant accumulations of gas and oil have been found in the offshore Carnarvon basin and the Vulcan Graben area of the Browse basin. Recent discoveries of commercial oil at Jabiru in the Vulcan graben and Griffin in the Carnarvon basin have again focused activity on the area's oil potential. Many structural traps remain to be drilled and the potential for stratigraphic trapping has been only slightly explored. Large,more » poorly explored frontier areas, between the established producing areas and in the Perth basin, as well as adjacent deepwater, are available. However, present data suggest that not all key success factors, notably mature oil source rocks and good reservoirs, may be present in these areas.« less


Wire bond degradation is a limiting factor for the lifetime of state of the art power modules. So, there is a need for widely applicable and proven modelling techniques to achieve a reliable design. In this paper, a new crack growth law has been developed and calibrated with experimental data. By defining a failure criterion and optimizing model parameters, good lifetime predictions have been achieved. In addition, further possibilities to use this modelling approach have been proposed, e.g. damage in interconnect layers as sinter silver or solder layers could be considered.


Some design equations for conical axicons used as polar everting (radially inverting) prisms are given. Three possibilities are described, one which causes polar eversion and 180/sup 0/ rotation of the field and two which cause polar eversion without field rotation. The treatment is for monochromatic, parallel light only. 3 figures. (RWR)


Facile design of low‐cost and highly active catalysts from earth‐abundant elements is favorable for the industrial application of water splitting. Here, a simple strategy to synthesize an ultrathin molybdenum disulfide/nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (MoS2/N‐RGO‐180) nanocomposite with the enlarged interlayer spacing of 9.5 Å by a one‐step hydrothermal method is reported. The synergistic effects between the layered MoS2 nanosheets and N‐doped RGO films contribute to the high activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). MoS2/N‐RGO‐180 exhibits the excellent catalytic activity with a low onset potential of −5 mV versus reversible hydrogen elelctrode (RHE), a small Tafel slope of 41.3 mV dec−1, a high exchange current density of 7.4 × 10−4 A cm−2, and good stability over 5 000 cycles under acidic conditions. The HER performance of MoS2/N‐RGO‐180 nanocomposite is superior to the most reported MoS2‐based catalysts, especially its onset potential and exchange current density. In this work, a novel and simple method to the preparation of low‐cost MoS2‐based electrocatalysts with the extraordinary HER performance is presented.


Purpose – This study aims to focus on the use of a survey questionnaire to inform a sustainable lighting design modification of an existing university library on the campus of a large land‐grant university in the Mid‐Western USA and also aims to suggest that a similar methodology may be useful in other facilities' design applications.Design/methodology/approach – A 40‐item questionnaire was developed, which sought to evaluate the effect of the existing lighting design on end‐users' perceptions and opinions at the university library and to gather general opinions regarding sustainability from library end‐users. The self‐administered survey asked respondents how much they agreed or disagreed (on a five‐point, Likert‐type scale) with a set of statements about sustainability, their use of the library, and their understanding of and reaction to its existing illumination.Findings – A total of 183 respondents completed and returned questionnaires, the majority of whom indicated that they were undergraduate stude...


Abstract
The study was carried out to assess the chemical composition of raw camel's milk produced in Khartoum State, Sudan in summer and winter seasons.
30 samples of the raw camel's milk were taken from five different areas ( El _ Sarha , El_ Hatana , Soog Libya , Om Dawn Ban and Shambat ) . 15 samples were taken in May , 2017 and 15 samples in February , 2018 . The results obtained in two seasons ( summer and winter ) ,respectively as the following :-
The results of chemical composition which obtained in summer were pH (5.6 – 6.6) ,density (18 – 29) , fat content (2.3 – 3.5%) , protein content (6.1 – 8.4%) , ash content (0.4 – 0.9%) , lactose content (2.5 – 3.5%) , and total solids ( 10 . 1 – 14.3% ) ,whereas the values of the chemical composition that obtained were (4.6 – 6.6 ) , (15-29) , (4.5 – 5.0 %) , (2.5 – 3.5%) , (0.7 – 0.8 %) , (4.4 – 5.7%) and  (8.2 – 15 .2%) for the above mentioned parameters , respectively.


A comprehensive assessment is needed on Indonesia's counterterrorism policy, which is currently being implemented, to ensure Indonesia's transition to democracy will be stable and not snared as a failed state. The worst scenario envisaged is a possible disintegration as a result of the never ending spiral of conflict. The objectives of this article is to disclose factors that influenced the decision making process on counterterrorism policy in Indonesia.


Ambient air pollution and dysanapsis: associaitons with lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022;206: 44–55. 6. Smith BM, Kirby M, Hoffman EA, Kronmal RA, Aaron SD, Allen NB, et al.; MESA Lung, CanCOLD, and SPIROMICS Investigators. Association of dysanapsis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among older adults. JAMA 2020;323:2268–2280. 7. Adam M, Schikowski T, Carsin AE, Cai Y, Jacquemin B, Sanchez M, et al. Adult lung function and long-term air pollution exposure. ESCAPE: a multicentre cohort study and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2015;45:38–50. 8. Paulin L, Hansel N. Particulate air pollution and impaired lung function. F1000Res 2016;5:F1000 Faculty Rev-201. 9. Phalen RF, Oldham MJ, Nel AE. Tracheobronchial particle dose considerations for in vitro toxicology studies. Toxicol Sci 2006;92: 126–132. 10. Hofmann W. Modelling inhaled particle deposition in the human lung—A review. J Aerosol Sci 2011;42:693–724. 11. Bal ash azy I, Hofmann W, Heistracher T. Local particle deposition patterns may play a key role in the development of lung cancer. J Appl Physiol 2003;94:1719–1725. 12. Mirabelli MC, K€ unzli N, Avol E, Gilliland FD, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, et al. Respiratory symptoms following wildfire smoke exposure: airway size as a susceptibility factor. Epidemiology 2009;20: 451–459. 13. Hansel NN, Putcha N, Woo H, Peng R, Diette GB, Fawzy A, et al. Randomized clinical trial of air cleaners to improve indoor air quality and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease health: results of the CLEAN AIR study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022;205: 421–430. 14. van Boven FE, de Jong NW, Braunstahl GJ, Arends LR, Gerth van Wijk R. Effectiveness of the air purification strategies for the treatment of allergic asthma: a meta-analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020;181: 395–402.