Dinilhuda A, Akbar AA, Jumiati, Herawati H. 2020. Potential of mangrove ecosystem as carbon storage for global warming mitigation. Biodiversitas 21: 5353-5362. The mangrove ecosystem in Karimunting Bay of West Kalimantan, Indonesia is one of the conservation areas with an area of 138.2 ha. Vegetation making up of that mangrove ecosystem is dominated by Avicennia marina. The existence of mangroves has a role in carbon storage. The ability to store carbon in mangrove forest ecosystems is four times greater than in other tropical forests around the world. Mangrove stems have the greatest ability in storing carbon by up to 55.52%. The research objective was to analyze the potential for carbon storage in the fringe mangrove ecosystem which was dominated by A. marina. This research method is based on a survey of vegetation density in the field. The survey was carried out in Karimunting Bay in three parts of the bay, north, central, and south. Each part of the bay consists of two locations, namely at the front of the breakwater towards the sea and behind the breakwater towards the land. Each location consisted of a plot of 10 x 10 with five replications. The vegetation parameters measured are the types of growth forms, the mangrove ecosystem species, and the diameter and height of the trees, as well as environmental parameters (pH, temperature, and salinity). Destructive method was used on A. marina stems for estimating analysis of mangrove carbon storage in the laboratory. A. marina stem samples were used to test the carbon content with LOI (Lost on Ignition) analysis. Analysis of changes in mangrove area is based on the 2009 and 2019 landscape images. The results show that the mangrove ecosystem of Karimunting Bay has a total density of 177,480 individuals/ha. The amount of carbon storage reached 99,231 mg/ha in 2019 and predictions of total carbon storage over the last 10 years are as much as 13,717,951 tons. Deposits of carbon in fringe mangrove illustrate the carbon dioxide absorption potential of 36,390,608 tons of CO2. The amount of CO2 absorption in fringe mangrove ecosystem type plays a role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with a conditional target according to the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2030 of 834 million tons of CO2 to prevent temperature increases.


Thank you very much for reading king of hearts the true story of the maverick who pioneered open heart surgery. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this king of hearts the true story of the maverick who pioneered open heart surgery, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


To investigate the effects of perilla extract on urinary symptoms in spontaneously hypertensive rats as a model of spontaneous overactive bladder.


As a strategy for change, parent involvement stands out as a simple step. But profound parent involvement means sharing leadership - and that, Ms. Nichols-Solomon points out, means sharing knowledge, responsibility, and, most difficult of all, power. THE ROOM just off the main sanctuary would have to do for tonight's meeting. There were a few weathered folding tables of different heights. At least the chairs were all the same size and style. With only two electrical outlets, one at the far end of the room, it became obvious that there were few layout options. In general, it was an adequate space, if a little awkward and uncomfortable. It would have been so much easier if the meeting could have taken place in the school as originally planned. Three days earlier the principal had run into two of the parents in the hallway and used the occasion to inform them that they could not use the building as had been earlier agreed upon. Later, as the parents attempted to relay to the other parents exactly what he had said, they couldn't. The brief meeting with the principal, surrounded by developmentally appropriately noisy students, had been a "Kodak moment," much more visual than audible. What they could describe to the other parents was his rigid body language, sparse eye contact, and a partially formed, angry scowl. The image said: I don't trust you. The parents had had to scramble to find a substitute site for the meeting as well as someone to lead the session, since both teachers who had agreed to facilitate had, like the school space, become "regrettably unavailable." The setup team, including two grandmothers, was arranging the room. They laid out materials for the grown-ups: sign-in sheets, name tags, copies of the new district standards. For the children who would come in tow, there were activities - and a dictionary, in case someone had to finish homework. Light refreshments for all were arranged on a side table. As they worked, they joked about their situation. "Did he think we wouldn't have this meeting?" "Humph! All that talk about standards, and they won't even let us learn about "em." "Some kind of partnership!" It later came out that the principal did not believe that the parents were meeting to discuss the new standards; he thought they were plotting to get rid of him. The parents had a successful meeting about the new standards. Even though they had had to meet without school personnel, they left the meeting energized and committed both to playing a more important role in their own children's lives and to making a difference for all the students in their school. Building School/Community Partnerships For the last seven years, I have been working in Philadelphia to build partnerships between the schools and the community. The purpose of the partnerships is to give educators what they say they need: help in improving education. My work seeks to galvanize and focus community resources to support the sweeping changes mandated for the Philadelphia Public Schools. It involves facilitating new alliances between schools and key constituencies, including community organizations, institutions of higher education, faith-based institutions, and families. Radical change requires strong, informed, and resourceful partners. Most people believe that schools improve when parents are involved. If you listen in on town meetings with politicians, focus groups with teachers, parent conferences at schools, and leadership opinion polls, the point is always made. Parent involvement is one of the few things in education about which there seems to be universal agreement. In large urban school districts it is considered one of the many "musts" for improving the academic outcomes for large numbers of mostly low-income African American and Latino students. As a strategy for change - lumped in with such reforms as high standards, small schools, and performance assessment - parent involvement stands out as a simple step. …


Ways to reduce the computational cost of periodic electronic structure calculations by using basis functions corresponding to linear combinations of planewaves have been examined recently. These contracted planewave (CPW) basis functions correspond to Fourier series representations of atom‐centered basis functions, and thus provide access to some beneficial properties of planewave (PW) and localized basis functions. This study reports the development and assessment of a direct inversion of the iterative subspace (DIIS) method that employs unique properties of CPW basis functions to efficiently converge electronic wavefunctions. This method relies on access to a PW‐based representation of the electronic structure to provide a means of efficiently evaluating matrix–vector products involving the application of the Fock matrix to the occupied molecular orbitals. These matrix–vector products are transformed into a form permitting the use of direct diagonalization techniques and DIIS methods typically employed with atom‐centered basis sets. The abilities of this method are assessed through periodic Hartree–Fock calculations of a range of molecules and solid‐state systems. The results show that the method reported in this study is approximately five times faster than CPW‐based calculations in which the entire Fock matrix is calculated. This method is also found to be weakly dependent upon the size of the basis set, thus permitting the use of larger CPW basis sets to increase variational flexibility with a minor impact on computational performance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This book provides a review of natural killer (NK) cell-mediated immunity in humans and experimental animal system. Topics for the volume include: In vivo activities of NK cells against primary and metastatic tumors in experimental animals; involvement of NK cells in human malignant disease; impaired NK cell profile in leukemia patients; in vivo modulation of NK activity in cancer patients; implications of aberrant NK cell activity in nonmalignant, chronic diseases; NK cell role in regulation of the growth and functions of hemopoietic and lymphoid cells; NK cells active against viral, bacterial, protozoan, and fungal infections; cytokine secretion and noncytotoxic functions of human large granular lymphocytes; augmentation of NK activity; regulation of NK cell activity by suppressor cells; NK cell cloning technology and characteristics of NK cell clones; comparison of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and NK activity, and index.


Democracy and science is the flow of the world history;Democracy and science is the means to take understanding,engage in practice and realize freedom;democracy and science has become a brighter theme of the developng course of human society.Market economy of socialism provides fertile soil and rich energy for researching on democracy and science.


The local carrier properties, including minority diffusion lengths and surface recombination velocities, were measured at single thread dislocations in GaN film by a combination of surface photovoltage spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The thread dislocations introduced by a nanoindentation were observed as V-pits, where the photovoltage was lower than that on plane surface under ultra-violet illumination. A model is proposed to fit the spatially resolved surface photovoltage spectroscopy curves. Compared with those on plane surface, the hole diffusion length is 90 nm shorter and the surface electron recombination velocity is 1.6 times higher at an individual thread dislocation.


A systematic method of evaluating and improving layer model was proposed to avoid manufacturability problems of the layer model generated from the solid model for surface micro-machined microelectromechanical systems(MEMS).The manufacturability of the layer model was analyzed,which involved the releasability of sacrificial material,the contact of all layers,the manufacturability of etching,etc.The evaluation algorithm was also developed based on the analysis.Suggestions were redesigned and generated based on evaluation results,which were presented to the designer to refine the initial design.The algorithm was implemented and some test results were given.


possible future returns on a variety of financial assets has attracted considerable interest (Ibbotson and Sinquefield 1976). We focus here on common stocks and those variables coupled to common stock returns. Our main observation is that considerable simplification is possible without altering, in any important way, the numerical results. Our emphasis of simplification is at two levels. We first want to understand what are the essential driving equations of the model. On the surface, the model appears to be driven by two autoregression equations, one for the inflation rate and one for the real return on Treasury bills. We demonstrate that, in fact, neither equation plays much of a role in predictions for common stock returns. Once these equations are removed explicitly, we are led to a very simple model for stock returns. The second level of simplification has to do with how the simulation is actually carried out. Ibbotson and Sinquefield do this by making actual random drawings from historical distributions; we show that this is not really necessary The IbbotsonSinquefield simulation for common stock returns, published in this Journal in 1976, can be considerably simplified. The model predicts that a future stock return will be given by a historical risk premium, randomly drawn, added to an expected T-bill rate implied by the yield curve. Actual random drawings are not really necessary; the model can be cast as a geometric random walk. So most results can be understood via the rapid convergence of the probability distribution for the common stock geometric return to a normal distribution.


In this paper are calculated the risk index through Graham-Kinney model on the base of inherent risk index,unqualified rate and severity caused by unqualified products.The calculated risk index can be used to determine the risk grade of the consumer products and to establish China's recall system.This risk assessment is of operativity and feasibility and can be applied in recall system of light and textile consumer products.


Abstract
 The Source of the Nile (SON) fish farm was established in 2005 with support from two main shareholders - the Lake Harvest Group and Greenfields Uganda Ltd. The aim of the farm is to eventually have production levels of 2500 Metric Tonnes (MT) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The farm currently operates a production system consisting of both ponds for fingerling production and cages for on-growing of the tilapia. Due to the lack of commercially viable fish feed in Uganda, SON has also begun to produce its own feeds on-site as required. A number of different types and sizes of feed are produced to meet the needs of the fish at SON and excess is also produced for sale to local farmers. The farm currently employs in the region of 35 people, who are directly responsible for day-to-day running of production. Some fish produced are sold as fingerlings to other farmers in Uganda, who are responsible for collection and transport of their purchased stocks. Most fry are used for on-growing at the site and are grown to around 600 g before harvesting. Fish are sold whole and fresh to local buyers and are delivered to markets and restaurants as required to meet the specific needs of each client. The objectives of this case study are as follows:To provide an overview of operations at the SON Fish Farm based on a two-week visit in May 2009. To highlight the process of farming Nile tilapia in ponds and cages as a means of knowledge transfer for other parties interested in the industry.


In this paper, a generalized nonlinear Kawahara equation with time t>0 and x∈R space‐dependent coefficient is considered. We show that the construction of solution with a standard fixed point method can be accomplished so that the well‐posedness in Hs(R) for some s>3/2 is proved under a specific nonpositive differential condition. We introduce an adequate weight function to define the energy and a nondegenerate condition is assumed on the fifth dispersive coefficient.


Purpose: To observe the effect of acupuncture on the brain-taxis of tetrarmethylpyrazine (TMP) and toexplore into the underlying mechanisms of combined action of acupuncture and medicine in the treatment of acute cere-bral ischemia. Methods: 37 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n= 10), sham-operationgroup (n= 10), acute cerebral ischemia (ACI) + drug group (model group, n=8)and ACl+drug+acupuncture group(acupuncture group, n=9). Rat ACl model was established by using photochemical method. "Neiguan"(PC 6) and"Shuigou"(GV 26) were punctured and stimulated with both hand manipulation and electroacupuncture, 30 min and16hrs after ACI. TMP was given to the rats of the later 2 groups using gastric perfusion method. High pressure chro-matography (HPLC) was used to detect the target absorption level of TMP in the brain. Results: The content of TMP inthe brain in acupuncture group was significantly higher than that in model group (P<0.01), suggesting that acupunc-ture can strengthen the brain-taxis of TMP in ACl rats, and combined administration of acupuncture and Chinese drugmaybe work better for treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Conclusion: Acupuncture can strengthen the chano-taxisof TMP to the brain in ACl rats.


Abstract I evaluated bat assemblages in terms of species richness, relative abundance, trophic guild structure, and seasonal changes at three sites along of the Southern Yungas forests. A total of 854 individuals were captured, representing 25 species of three families, with an effort of 27,138 m of mist net opened per hour. Subtropical assemblages showed a similar structure to those from tropical landmark, with a dominance of frugivorous Phyllostomid; in addition, a few species were abundant, followed by a long tail of less common species. However, subtropical sites differed due to the dominance of the genus Sturnira and the great contribution to richness of Vespertilionidae and Molossidae families. Contrary to my original expectations, the latitudinal gradient of species richness does not seem to produce significant differences in richness between the northern and the southern sites, with the central site being different. Furthermore, guild structure and captures did not change between seasons. However, I found a high variation in guild structure among sites due to changes in β diversity and latitudinal lack of species with tropical filiations. These changes generated great differences in functional structure among assemblages, with eight guilds in the north and only four in the remaining sites. Moreover, other variables, such as roost site and resource availability, climatic conditions, and particular attributes of each species, could also be important in determining local richness and guild structure.


This article is mainly concerned with the effect of different test rate,diameter and the transitional arc radius of the sample on mechanical properties of 7050T74 aluminium alloy.The experimental result shows that in the experimental scope,the test rate has no influence on the strength of the material,however,the elongation decreases slowly.And the transitional arc radius has no effect on the strength and elongation of the material.When the diameter of the sample is 5 mm,the elongation of the material reduces significantly.


OBJECTIVE
Anomalies in error processing have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of major depressive disorder. In particular, depressed individuals exhibit heightened sensitivity to error-related information and negative environmental cues, along with reduced responsivity to positive reinforcers. The authors examined the neural activation associated with error processing in individuals diagnosed with and without major depression and the sensitivity of these processes to modulation by monetary task contingencies.

METHOD
The error-related negativity and error-related positivity components of the event-related potential were used to characterize error monitoring in individuals with major depressive disorder and the degree to which these processes are sensitive to modulation by monetary reinforcement. Nondepressed comparison subjects (N=17) and depressed individuals (N=18) performed a flanker task under two external motivation conditions (i.e., monetary reward for correct responses and monetary loss for incorrect responses) and a nonmonetary condition. After each response, accuracy feedback was provided. The error-related negativity component assessed the degree of anomaly in initial error detection, and the error positivity component indexed recognition of errors.

RESULTS
Across all conditions, the depressed participants exhibited greater amplitude of the error-related negativity component, relative to the comparison subjects, and equivalent error positivity amplitude. In addition, the two groups showed differential modulation by task incentives in both components.

CONCLUSIONS
These data implicate exaggerated early error-detection processes in the etiology and maintenance of major depressive disorder. Such processes may then recruit excessive neural and cognitive resources that manifest as symptoms of depression.


Ovarian cancer remains one of the deadliest gynecological malignancies in the world, despite major advances in chemotherapy and surgery. This, according to several research, is related to the considerable heterogeneity in treatment response and prognosis. Mostly, computational approaches for assessing tumour heterogeneity have been developed, which employ medical imaging and radio genomes to look at the whole tumour heterogeneity rather than just a single biopsy sample. This tumoral heterogeneity is not taken into consideration by standard imaging utilising CT or MRI, especially in late stages of peritoneal carcinomatosis. As a result, medical imaging has been recommended as a new field in the assessment of tumour heterogeneity, rather than single biopsy sample, to evaluate the entire tumour burden heterogeneity. In medical imaging there are four basic steps involved for an efficient and accurate detection of ovarian cancer at early stage. This review discusses about the detail evaluation on the various four phases involved in Medical imaging. Thus the review brings out a detail evaluation of Medical imaging undertaken at every stage of processing.
Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2022; Vol. 37(1): 39-46


Objective: To evaluate the factors on effecting cardio-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation, discussing the cardiac arrest patients about the occurring reason, suits, age, sex, treating experience and indoctrination. Method: Ninety patients with cardiac arrest were divided into A/B two groups. A group is 20 successful cardio-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation cases(M12, F8; age 50. 3 a±12.5 a) ;B group is 70 unsuccessful cardio-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation cases (M45, F25; age 68.4a±8.8a). Result:The cardio-pulmonary resuscitation starting time were 2.4±1.6 mins and 7.5±3.0 mins; the electric-defibrillation starting time were 4. 0±1.2 rains and 7.5±3.0 mins; There was obvious difference between two groups( P0.01) . And significantly difference compare with age and the primary affection between two groups( P0.05). Conclusion: The success key is the fast and effective CPCR. After that, the emphases must on treating the cerebral resuscitation, on improving the hypoxia and affecting hemorheology.


This report, indicates a potential risk of Salmonella infection from raw egg and that foods containing raw egg should not be consumed by vulnerable groups such as the elderly and the immunocompromised. (non-author abstract)


Background: The possible factors affecting hospital mortality among mechanically ventilated patients in respiratory ICU is still not fully studied. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of hospital mortality among mechanically ventilated patients in respiratory ICU. Patients and methods: In a prospective descriptive study, all eligible patients of Assiut Chest Department who were mechanically ventilated for more than 1 day (247 patients) during the period from April 2010 to March 2012 were included in this study. Different clinical and laboratory variables were recorded at the time of admission and followed until hospital discharge and were compared between survivors (146 patients) and nonsurvivors (101 patients). Results: A total of 247 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 57.6 ± 13.3 years. Male patients represented 65.6% of the study cohort. The hospital mortality was 40.9%. On multivariate analysis, risk factors for hospital mortality were as follows: patients diagnosed with adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial lung diseases, and pulmonary embolism [odds ratio (OR) = 14.2 95% confidence interval (CI), P = 0.031]; hospital complications (OR = 9.17 95% CI, P = 0.000); reintubation (OR = 8.56 95% CI, P = 0.000); use of sedatives for 24 h or more (OR = 3.72 95% CI, P = 0.04); and comorbidity burden (OR = 2.36 95% CI, P = 0.006). Conclusion: The major independent risk factor for hospital mortality was patients diagnosed with adult respiratory distress syndrome, interstitial lung diseases, and pulmonary embolism. In addition, patients suffering from more comorbidities or hospital complications and patients requiring longer use of sedation (≥24 h) should be monitored closely in ICU because of their high risk for hospital nonsurvival.


The regeneration of natural tetraploid T. pratense, originated from Erzurum-Turkey, is reported in this study. This plant has low seed setting and hard seed problems due to polyploidy. Hypocotyl, cotyledon, apical meristems, epicotyl and young primary leaves were inoculated on MS and PC-L2 media containing different concentrations of BAP and NAA as growth regulators. The best shoot formation has been observed on explants initiated from apical meristem placed on PC-L2 medium that includes 2 mg dm-3 BAP and 1 mg dm-3 NAA. 94.4% of the shoots originated from calli were rooted on PC-L2 medium with 1 mg dm-3 NAA. In vitro organogenesis has been accomplished in the natural tetraploid T. pratense regenerated plants successively transferred to the field. Key terms: red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), Fabaceae, organogenesis, plant regeneration. Corresponding Author: Hatice Çölgeçen, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, 67100 Incivez, Zonguldak, Turkey, Tel: +90 0372 257 4010-1128; Fax: +90 0372 257 41 81; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: May 9, 2007. In Revised form: March 21, 2008. Accepted: April 17, 2008 INTRODUCTION Trifolium, a legume, makes significant contributions to agriculture and animal feed and thus its production in the U.S. and Europe. Anatolia has been accepted as a central origin of T. pratense (Taylor and Smith, 1979). It is utilized as an ingredient in numerous homeopathic medicines; it has been used to relieve menopausal complaints due to its function as a phytoestrogen and also has been used in cancer treatment due to its anti-tumoral properties (Dixon, 2004). Diploid forms of Trifolium species have been found suitable for agriculture (Gresshoff, 1980; Bhojwani, 1981; Grosser and Collins, 1984; Choo, 1988; Konieczny, 1995; Kaushal et al., 2006), and plant regeneration has been successfully accomplished in diploid forms of T. pratense L., through various methods (Phillips and Collins, 1979; Myers et al., 1989; Radionenko et al., 1994; Carillo et al., 2004). All three varieties of T. pratense grown in Turkey were determined as diploid, however, T. pratense collected by Elci (1982) in the Tortum vicinity of Erzurum was determined as a natural tetraploid with low seed setting and hard seed problems. It has been reported that degenerations in embryo sac might affect the rate of seed setting as well as failure in fertilization (Algan and Bakar, 1997). The present work primarily aimed to develop an efficient in vitro regeneration system for the natural tetraploid T. pratense. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material and culture conditions This study examined natural tetraploid E2 type, 2n = 4x = 28 chromosomes, Trifolium pratense L. (red clover) collected from the Tortum vicinity of Erzurum, Turkey, by Elci (1982). The E2-type natural tetraploid ÇÖLGEÇEN & TOKER Biol Res 41, 2008, 25-31 26 T. pratense L. was grown in the experimentation gardens of Ankara University's Department of Biology in the Faculty of Science. Due to contamination problems from field samples, 15-day-old aseptic seedlings with unifoliate primary leaf were used as the explant source. Seeds were first sterilized in 96% ethanol for one minute and then transferred to 10% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes (commercial sodium hypochlorite was used in the sterilization process). Then seeds were rinsed 3 times in autoclaved distilled water. After being scarified with autoclaved sandpaper, seeds were germinated on hormone-free MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962). Hypocotyl (0.5-1cm), cotyledon (whole and in two fragments), apical meristem (1mm), epicotyl (0.5-1cm) and young primary leaves (whole and divided into two fragments) of aseptically grown seedlings provided explant tissues. The explants were cultured in petri dishes (100 mm x 15 mm). MS (2% sucrose, 0.8% agar) and PC-L2 (2.5 % sucrose, 0.8 % agar, Phillips and Collins, 1979) media were used for in vitro organogenesis. Different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1 mg dm-3 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (Table 1) were used in MS and PC-L2 media for shoot formation. All media were adjusted to pH 5.8 before autoclaving. Due to the darkening of calli after the third week, the shooted calli were subcultured onto the same media. All the samples were incubated at 22-24°C with a 16/8-hour photoperiod (irradiance of 42 μmol m-2 s-1 provided by cool-white fluorescent tubes). Rooting and ex vitro acclimatization The shoots (1-1.5 cm) obtained from MS and PC-L2 media were transferred into PCL2 medium containing l mg dm-3 NAA for rooting in jars (100 mm x 200 mm) under aseptic conditions and incubated at 22-24°C with a 16/8-hour photoperiod (irradiance of 42 mmol m-2 s-1 provided by cool-white fluorescent tubes). The acclimatization process of the rooted plantlets was carried out by removing the jar l ids gradually with increased durations over one week in a growth chamber. Plantlets were transplanted into sterilized garden soil. The humidity ratio of the growth chamber was gradually decreased from 80% to 50-55% throughout. When the seedlings reached a minimum leaf number of 15, they were transferred to the garden in late March and early April. Statistical analysis The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences among means were compared by Duncan's multiple-range test (Duncan, 1955). MS and PC-L2 media were compared using a paired Student's t–test. Each treatment was replicated three times and arranged in a completely randomized design. The data given in percentages were subjected to arcsine transformation (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967) before statistical analysis.


The quantum of digital data being produced has long been surmounting the immensity of available storage devices. Demand for data storage has radically overhauled the capacity of existing storage media. Despite periodical developments that lead to improvement in the efficiency of optical discs, storing a zettabyte of data would still take many millions of its units, thus occupying significant physical space and a considerable amount of man power to ensure the safety of the space as well as the credibility of stored data. On the other hand, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a thread-like chain of nucleotides is a molecule that stores magnanimous amount genetic information used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses; in the form of its own language or codes. It can therefore be proclaimed as the "Hard disk of Human Life". It is very small in size, does not require a huge repository and considering the life span of a human, data extracted from age old fossils and other sorts of archaeological studies, the average shelf life of a DNA molecule can span up to several hundred years, without hampering the plausibility of the stored data. In this review we further explore the idea of using DNA as a storage medium for an enormous volume of data. This paper also discusses the feasibility and the challenges associated with this approach.


This  article  aims  the  reflection  on  libertarian  practices  of  education  to  facing  on structures that are not only sexist but racist and classist as well. Therefore, we had joined five Brazilian  women  life  stories –Bruna  Rocha,  Carla  Carvalho,  Cecilia  Diasde  Oliveira,  Ilza Aparecida  Fortes  e  Maria  da  Penha  Silva –introduced by the reporter Karla Maria's text, combined with those of Antonieta de Barros, Esperanca Garcia and Maria Firmina dos Reis, introduced to us by the writer Jarid Arraes. These life stories represent what Karla Maria called existential  peripheries  providing  a  theoretical-methodological  basisfor  the  research  on  the struggle against epistemicide (Sueli Carneiro) that victimized them, also applying the idea of intersectionality (Angela Davis), language as an action (Audre Lorde) and The Other's Other (Djamila Ribeiro and Grada Kilomba).


Objective: The ankle sprain is the most common type of sports injury. Conventionally acute ankle sprains are treated with controlled mobilization by using external support such as crepe bandage and taping. Fiberglass cast is a new material that provides better control mobilization. Hence, the purpose of this study is to compare between effectiveness of fiberglass cast over the crepe bandage and taping.
Materials and Methods: Thirty two participants (both male and female) with grade I and II lateral ankle sprain, with mean age of 20.94 years were included in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were randomly assigned into two groups (group-A and group-B; (n=16). Participants in group-A received fiberglass casting whereas participants in group-B received crepe bandage with taping for 7 days each. Pain, range of motion (ROM), and foot ankle disability index (FADI) were measured in both pre and post intervention.
Results: The findings of this study showed that pain, ROM, and FADI considerably improved in both the groups; however, there was a significant improvement in the group that was treated with fiberglass cast.
Conclusion: Two layers of fiberglass cast showed better result than crepe bandage with taping. In conclusion fiberglass cast can be integrated as a secure method of treatment in addition to conservative management of acute lateral ankle sprain.


Management of vegetation is an important element of roadside maintenance for safety and aesthetics. Current methods of management by highway departments principally involve mowing and the use of conventional, chemical herbicides. This research addressed use of herbicides (citric acid, clove oil, corn gluten meal, and pelargonic acid) that are considered as alternatives to conventional herbicides and the use of mechanical treatments of woodchip and bark mulches and burning. These alternative methods were compared with the use of conventional herbicides to assess the relative efficacy of treatments on roadside sites. A single application of pelargonic acid demonstrated immediate or short-term suppression of growth of vegetation; however, the efficacy lasted for no more than 6 weeks, after which regrowth was not distinguishable from untreated vegetation. Repeated applications of pelargonic acid will be necessary for season-long efficacy. Formulations of citric-acetic acid gave no control or only weak suppression of vegetative growth soon after application, and no suppression was evident after 6 weeks, suggesting that these materials have only limited use in roadside environments. The effects of burning lasted for about 6 weeks. No suppression of growth of roadside vegetation occurred with the use of corn gluten meal, which acted as a nitrogen fertilizer to promote growth. Mulches of bark or woodchips were strongly suppressive against emerging vegetation for 2 years, but were more effective in the first year than in the second year after application. The costs of materials and labor for the alternative practices were substantially more than for the conventional herbicides used in this study.


Two groups of six fuel pins each were assembled, encapsulated, and irradiated in the Plum Brook Reactor. The fuel pins employed uranium mononitride (UN) in a tantalum alloy clad. The first group of fuel pins was irradiated for 1500 hours to a maximum burnup of 0.7-atom-percent uranium. The second group of fuel pins was irradiated for about 3000 hours to a maximum burnup of 1.0-atom-percent uranium. The average clad surface temperature during irradiation of both groups of fuel pins was approximately 1200 K. The postirradiation examination revealed the following: no clad failures or fuel swelling occurred; less than 1 percent of the fission gases escaped from the fuel; and the clad of the first group of fuel pins experienced clad embrittlement whereas the second group, which had modified assembly and fabrication procedures to minimize contamination, had a ductile clad after irradiation.


Timing variations in individual musical performance include both intentional expressive and unintentional error components. Such timing fluctuations contribute to the liveliness of group musical performance but need to be kept under control to create a sense of ensemble. The nature of this control is the focus of this paper. We first report an experiment in which we manipulated visual cues given by violin 1 to the other players in a quartet. We then review a new model of synchronization, and finally we describe a new listening test to determine whether people can distinguish adjustments being used to maintain ensemble synchrony. Such techniques will contribute to understanding of the nature of synchronization in music ensembles.


Asking how the citizens of modern democracy can reason with one another, this book carves out a controversial position between those who view religious voices as an anathema to democracy and those who believe democratic society is a moral wasteland because such voices are not heard. Here, drawing inspiration from Whitman, Dewey, and Ellison, Jeffrey Stout sketches the proper role of religious discourse in a democracy.


The idea that motivated the writing of this article was to treat an aspect not only of the Byzantine military history, but also of the long lasting impression that this millenary empire has left on the Northern "barbarians", as they are often called in the Orthodox medieval sources. Its central concept is, as the title already suggests it, the imperial ideology of power, but from another perspective: the contribution of the feared Scandinavian warriors to its outlining in the Byzantine public life, as opposed to the emperor's private existence, always hidden from the eyes of his subjects. Also, I have tried to summarise a fragment of the Norse perception on Byzantium and in what manner it influenced the former participants at the Byzantine military campaigns when they returned home.
The paper has two main directions: first of all, the one that analyses the role of the Varangian guard in the life of the Basileus and their function in the display of his divine power. Secondly, the way in which the Scandinavian mercenaries perceived their military service and their proximity to the one considered imago Dei. Furthermore, this approach is preceded by a short history of the Varangian guard and its unique type of organisation inside the Byzantine army, as well as a short description of the Norse-Byzantine relations before the founding of this special unit.


Objective:To optimize operation conditions of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthraquinones from compatibility of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. Method: Operation conditions (ultrasound time, solvent dosage and extraction frequency) were optimized with response surface methodology. The concentrations of anthraquinones were determined by HPLC. Result:According to the mathematical model,the optimum operating parameters were:ultrasound time was 26.76 min and 24.5 min,ratio of solvent to solid were 10.31and 10.34,extraction frequency were 3.53 and 3.42, respectively, for free anthraquinones and combined anthraquinones. Conclusion:The optimized conditions are reliable and provide experiment evidences for the optimal extraction technology for anthraquinones from compatibility of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata.


Migraine, characterized by periodic attacks that hampers the quality of the daily life, is an obstinate symptom complex commonly seen in the clinic. In contrast with the poor effects obtained in Western medicine, acupuncture is a safe and effective treatment for migraine. The following are the clinical records for acupuncture treatment of migraine in the recent 5 years.


Electrochemical methods are an important technology for environmentally friendly and sustainable hydrogen production. These methods are carried out using electrocatalysts and electrodes. In the hydrogen production process, hydrogen gas is obtained thanks to the electrochemical reactions that take place between the anode and cathode electrodes. On the anode side, hydrogen gas undergoes oxidation and dissociates into hydrogen ions. This reaction occurs when hydrogen molecules lose electrons. Electrocatalysts accelerate the oxidation reaction, enabling the active breakdown of hydrogen. On the cathode side, hydrogen ions and electrons combine to form hydrogen gas. Electrocatalysts increase efficiency by catalyzing the formation of hydrogen gas. Electrochemical hydrogen production is of great importance in reducing dependence on fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting clean energy sources. These methods can use electricity from sources such as solar or wind energy, integrating with renewable energy sources. Electrochemical hydrogen production has advantages such as high efficiency, low emissions, low cost and wide applicability. However, difficulties may also be encountered, such as the activity and durability of electrocatalysts. Research and development focuses on discovering more efficient and economical electrocatalysts and improving the hydrogen production process. In conclusion, electrochemical methods are a promising technology for clean and sustainable hydrogen production and play an important role in the field of energy conversion.


Near-infrared fluorescence technology has been applied in biomarkers,bioanalysis,cell imaging and bio-tissue imaging in vivo.Especially the fact that organisms have low scattering effect and background interference in near-infrared region,increases near-infrared image sensitivity and penetrating depth in biological tissue.Near-infrared fluorescence agents are promising reagent for detection and imaging in deep tissues and organs.Porphyrins have extension electronic conjugated structure,good optical stability,acceptable fluorescent quantum yields,and good biocompatibility,which endow porphyrins with near-infrared emission have more advantages than other dyes in fluorescence imaging.In this paper,bis{[5,5′-10,20-bis(phenyl)-15(4-pyridyl)porphyrin]zinc(Ⅱ)} butadiyne was designed and synthesized as near-infrared fluorescent compound.The structures of the compounds were confirmed by means of ~1H NMR and MS.UV-Vis spectra were measured by spectral method and fluorescence imaging was recorded by HWHR optical instrument.Deep fluorescence imaging in vitro was studied with biotissue as model.The results show that bis{[5,5′-10,20-bis(phenyl)-15(4-pyridyl)porphyrin]zinc(Ⅱ)} butadiyne has strong fluorescence in near-infrared region.Fluorescence imaging of biotissue in vitro can achieve structural information in a depth more than 1 cm.So this butadiyne linked prohyrin dimmer partially meets the demand of near-infrared imaging and can be potentially applied in the fluorescence imaging diagnosis in vivo in future.


Parenting is the basis for the child to shape his/her personality. One of the impacts of parenting will be seen when the child is in the school environment. Children's problems at school cannot be removed from parenting at home. The success of children in both academic and non-academic schools is also supported by the pattern of parenting that children receive in the family environment. Therefore, the education carried out in the school should synergize with the education carried out in the family. Parenting behavior towards the child often shows impatience, incapable of self-control, complaining when facing parenting difficulties and not listening to the child's problems attentively. This devotion aims to know the effectiveness of programs to positively improve parenting skills through Mindful parenting programs. Mindful parenting can be interpreted as parental awareness in paying attention, aiming and not labeling or negative assessment of each child's experience. Based on the above, it is necessary to do activities to address the problem through the devotion of parenting programs in fostering positive parenting behavior in Paud Al Ummah delitua.


Literary Modernism, as much interpretative commentary continues to reveal, oscillates between a desire for an impossible certainty (all that Western philosophy promised in various renditions until the close ofthe nineteenth century) and a reciprocal terror that ultimately nothing can be known. The cryptic images associated with this uncertainty are famil- iar: an ambiguous line drawn down the center ofa painting in Woolfs To the Lighthouse; Stephen Dedalus's enigmatic forging in Joyce's Portrait oftheArtist asa YoungMan; the culminating toothbrush hanging on the wall in EUot's "Rhapsody on a Windy Night." Intractable and persistent, interpretations of Modernism still pursue collapsing centers, elusive origins, andvanishing falcons. Epistemology (even ifa failed epistemol- ogy), for obvious reasons, remains key. In this spirit of uncertainty, the Platonic, which depends on fixity and the stability ofboundaries, may initially seem incongruent.2 Yet the attempts within Modernism to flee from the constraints oftime and nar- rative so fervently critiqued by Georg Lukacs and Fredric Jameson do at least ambivalently recall the Platonic vision (although not necessarily the commensurate reactionary, political implications). Socrates tells us in the Phaedo that the philosopher comes closest to truth when he is closest to death, when the material world is the furthest away: "The true votary ofphilosophy is likely to be misunderstood by other men; they do notperceive thathe is always pursuing death and dying" (Dialogues: A Selection 56). Likewise, aestheticism functioning as a kind ofsubstitute Platonics also takes us out ofthis world, enacting yet another ruse that points the reader's eyes toward the symbol (and toward the heavens) away from bodies, away from sexuality.3 Aestheticism underlies the tension in Yeats in which at least one of his personas yearns to be gathered into "the artifice of eternity" or to merge into the "breathless starlit air" where "all thought is done." It underlies EUot's urge toward unity in The Waste Land and the culmination ofthat desired unity in TheFour Quartets, in which weighty imagery and a consistency ofmeter propels the reader simultaneously toward death and a higher metaphys- ical vision. This disjuncture within Modernism between Platonic underpinnings and a ubiquitous uncertainty, however, is less strange than its evasion ofgender, particularly given poststructuralist critiques ofmetaphysics as insidiously steeped in desire. Ifknowing is inseparable from desire, then Modernism's epistemological crisis (still primarily regarded as gender-neutral) cannot be separated from a crisis in sexuality. E. M. Forster, although less stylistically experimental than many ofhis coun- terparts, is remarkably radical in his vision on this account, for he sees in the Modernist metaphysical collapse, not an abyss, but an opportu- nity. Most specifically, Western metaphysics for Forster clearly informs


Summary The results of comprehensive work that led into an increase in drilling efficiency, an improvement in the starting flow rates of drilled wells, and a decrease in estimated economic losses are reflected.


Abstract By coupling flow field-flow fractionation online to a high resolution mass spectrometer with electrospray ionisation, it was possible to separate low molecular weight polymers and to obtain mass chromatograms for specific polymers. Problems involved and their solutions in combining the mass spectrometer with field-flow fractionation are discussed. Separation efficiencies were tested for polystyrene sulphonates with different carrier solutions, and it was found that the ionic strength had to exceed about 20 mmol L−1 in order to achieve good separation. Salt clusters are formed in the electrospray interface at high ionic strengths, giving rise to a background in the mass spectra and it was found that the composition of the carrier solution and the tuning of the instrument were crucial to the signal to noise ratio. It was also found that, by adding a second electrolyte to the carrier solution, the extent of cluster formation was decreased.


Thermal-shock damage of nuclear reactor fuel pellets in a simulated reactor environment has been correlated with acoustic-emission data obtained from sensors placed on extensions of the electrical feedthroughs. Ringdown counts, rms output data, and event-location data has been acquired for experiments carried out with single pellets as well as multiple pellet stacks. These tests have shown that acoustic-emission monitoring can provide information indicating the onset and the extent of cracking.


The training of team collaboration spirit is an important part for the diathesis education of the undergraduates and it is also the basic diathesis for the undergraduates to solve the problem in practice.In this paper,combined with the professional characteristics of printing,the defects of students about the team collaboration and cooperative learning abilities were analyzed and an approach for cultivating the team collaboration and cooperative learning abilities was proposed based on the course teaching,examination course and graduation project.Taking the Principle and Application of Anti -counterfeiting Printing course and graduation project of the theory of color technology for example,it is proved that the team collaboration and cooperative learning ability of the undergraduates would be cultivated,comprehensive quality would be improved greatly by this approach.The undergraduate will meet the need of the industry and the society.


Abstract : The Public Buildings Service, one of three services within the General Services Administration, provides work environments for more than 1 million federal employees nationwide. PBS serves as a builder, developer, lessor, and manager of federally owned and leased properties providing a full range of real estate services. As part of its program, PBS periodically compares the costs of its building operations with private-sector costs for these services as published in the Building Owners and Managers Association Experience Exchange Report. This report conveys the results of a study to help PBS better understand the cost differences between its building operations and those of the private sector. The study compared the levels of service provided by PBS building managers with those provided by private-sector organizations. It looked specifically at the costs of utilities, cleaning, roads and grounds, and maintenance and repair services.


Debates over the privatization of formerly public industries and services are common in contemporary politics. The overall goal of this paper is to suggest a normative framework within which deliberations over public ownership might take place. I draw this framework from Plato's Republic, which I claim justifies public ownership as a means for ensuring that citizens labour as craftsmen rather than moneymakers; according to Plato's social ontology, only craftsmen can constitute a genuine society and hence enjoy access to the full array of goods for the sake of which society comes into existence. This justificatory structure implies that public ownership is only a means for ensuring the appropriate teleology of labour; if there turn out to be better means, so be it. But what does turn out to be indispensable on this view, as G. A. Cohen understood, is an ethos of justice, especially among those in charge of regulating social institutions.


Summary
A strain of Sordaria fimicola carries a reciprocal translocation which results in the formation of aborted ascospores in perithecia hybrid between this and the normal strain. Petri-dish populations of the two strains were propagated by ascospore samples and the frequency of hybrid perithecia formed in each generation was followed. It was found that there was a rapid decrease in their frequency over eight generations. This was accounted for by the progressive elimination of normal nuclei by natural selection. Reasons for this selection are discussed.


Abstract Due to the massive deployment of the internet and intranet-based services there is a need toconsolidate management data generated by heterogeneous sources and to provide an end-to-endservice & business level view of IT resources. Because of this the need for a standard enterprisemanagement framework is more acute than ever before.There are currently two major internet-based proposals which aim at providing a commonmanagement framework: Web-based Enterprise Management (WBEM) and Java Management API(JMAPI).WBEM has been proposed by Microsoft and is supported by other major companies. Thisarchitecture is composed of two major parts, an object schema, and a communication protocol. Theobject schema, called the Common Information Model (CIM), is currently being refined by theDMTF (Desktop Management Task Force). The protocol, called HMMP (HypermediaManagement Protocol) might be submitted to IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).JMAPI has been developed by Sun/Javasoft and is supported by other companies. It extends Javastandard libraries with new classes which implement the management framework. The frameworkincludes a managed object model implemented as Java classes, and a communication mechanismcalled RMI (Remote Method Invocation). It introduces no new notation to express the schema andrelies only on a Java-based communication mechanism.At least as far as the managed object schema is concerned it seems that ultimately these twoproposals will converge.We believe that potentially these two proposals can provide a scaleable and general purposeframework, which can interoperate with other existing frameworks and provide a common interfaceto all management applications. These two proposals however do not provide managementfunctionalities but only the basic mechanisms to support them. Our aim is to add managementvalue on top of these frameworks.We believe that our artificial intelligence technology, namely Model Based Reasoning (MBR),could be used to provide management functionalities at different levels. This would includesupport for all our other activities, currently under investigation in our department, such asautomated management, service and business level management and remote management.We are also aiming at influencing the standardisation process, e.g., through our involvement inDMTF and IETF.


: Effective and efficient distributed collaboration is essential for the development of advanced systems. This contribution investigates the effects of the application of a method that supports improvement in distributed collaboration in the development of advanced systems at Voith Turbo. Furthermore, it will be examined, whether the improvement of distributed collaboration has an influence on the organizational culture. In total, nine improvement potentials in distributed collaboration were derived. In total, nine improvement potentials in distributed collaboration were identified and addressed through the implementation of measures. Subsequently, the effects of the implemented improvement measures were evaluated by qualitatively, quantitatively, subjective and objective data. Based on that, new potentials were derived. Finally, the results show that improving distributed collaboration positively influences the organizational culture. Iterative and continuous focus on good collaboration and the immediate evaluation ensures an improvement in collaboration and a gradual change in organizational culture.


The prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in the general pediatric population is reported to be between 0.5% and 3.2%. Previous studies have reported an increased prevalence of scoliosis in children with cystic fibrosis (CF).


This study was carried out to determine the rates of clinical depression among Libyan females ages 14 to 18 years, the purpose of the study was to create as easy method to detect cases of clinical depression as early as possible to seek the appropriate counselling, the study sample consisted of 262 Libyan females, the PHQ-9 questionnaire was used and data analyzed by the SPSS programme version 16, Overall, 7.6% of respondents diagnosed with moderately severe depression and 1.5% diagnosed with severe depression.


A method of experimental modal analyses is applied in the prototype tests of dynamic characteristics for the delivery gate of lock of the Three-Gorge Project.The frequency response scope of the field applied force meets the requirement of tests and analyses of hydraulic gates.The structural coupling theory based on the dynamic flexibility is used to identify the modal frequency of 1 rank and 2 rank of the gate-boom coupling system,i.e.12.5Hz and 32.5Hz respectively,fundamentally out of the high energy zone produced by the hydrodynamic force.Without a special loading,there will be no harmful vibration for the delivery gate.The comparison result of dynamic characteristics between prototype and hydraulic model tests shows that the boundary constraint of the delivery gate in the prototype prevents the occurrence of lateral vibrations and the modal frequency of low ranks corresponding to different vibration shapes is multiplied.


Abstract The Wigner transformation is used to define the quasidistribution (Wigner function) associated with the wave function of the cylindrical nonlinear Schrödinger equation (CNLSE) in a way similar to that of the standard nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). The phase-space equation, governing the evolution of such quasidistribution, is a sort of nonlinear von Neumann equation (NLvNE), called here the 'cylindrical nonlinear von Neumann equation' (CNLvNE). Furthermore, the phase-space transformations, connecting the Wigner function and the NLvNE with the 'cylindrical Wigner function' and the CNLvNE, are found by extending the configuration space transformations that connect the NLSE and the CNLSE. Some examples of phase-space soliton solutions are given analytically and evaluated numerically.


ADAMS was introduces into the field of slotting machine design to satisfy the urgent requirement of domestic machinery domain.On the basis of the global optimization,taking the maximum value of power consumption as the goal,based on the optimization analysis function of ADAMS,by having studied variable parameters in the mechanism,the parameters that had much influence on the power consumption of electrical machinery were found out,and the optimized design to these design variables was carried on,the maximum value of power consumption after optimization was reduced.


The objective of this study was to compare calcium release and ionization from commercialcalcium supplements and various salts of calcium with different solubilities. The impact of pH of testfluid and dietary fiber co-administered with calcium supplement on calcium availability was alsostudied. Compressed tablets of six different calcium salts were prepared by direct compression.Calcium release from tablets was tested in simulated gastric fluid without pepsin (SGF, pH 1.2) or fedstate simulated gastric fluid (FSSGF, pH 4.8), using USP dissolution apparatus. The ionized calciumconcentration in test fluid was determined by calcium ion selective electrode. The results demonstratedthat most of the formulations released calcium within 1 hour. Tablets made of higher solubilitycalcium salts demonstrated a faster calcium release. The calcium release from calcium hydrogenphosphate and calcium carbonate tablets in gastric fluid with higher pH showed a slower calciumrelease than in SGF. The dietary fiber co-administered with calcium supplement influenced thecalcium availability, especially in medium with higher pH. The results suggested that most of thecalcium salts could be used as calcium supplement. However, the use of calcium carbonate required anacidic environment in order to be dissolved in the gastrointestinal tract. Key Words: Calcium; Tablet; Gastric pH; Pectin; Dietary fiber


Along with the deepening of network technology in financial industry application,the efinance innovation proportion taken in the whole finance industry is enhancing day by day.For the purpose of studying the disciplinarian of the efinancial innovation product diffusion,this paper presents a basic model of efinancial product innovation diffusion based on the Verhulst model used in biological racial groups research.Afterwards the curve cluster model has also been proposed,and applied to the empirical study of the different financial products in different financial markets.This study will provide theoretic reference for the strategy making of financial institutions and the regulation making of the supervisor.


Protocols for the 38-l bioassays are detailed in Supplementary Information. Water wastaken from an aquarium previously amended with an environmental water sample fromSlocum Creek, North Carolina, and verified by cell counts, SEM and molecular analyses tocontain high densities of P. shumwayae.Water from the actively killing tank was used as a positive ('whole water') control. Anenriched 'dinoflagellate' fraction was produced by filtering, rinsing and resuspending 3l ofwhole water. Viability of dinoflagellates in this fraction was confirmed microscopically. A'bacteria' fraction was obtained by centrifuging 3l of whole water at 8,500g for 45min at10 8C, resuspending the pellet in 12‰ ASW, filtering through a 5-mm filter to removedinoflagellates and other protozoa, and bringing the filtrate to 3l using 12‰ ASW. A'cell-free' fraction was obtained by removing the supernatant from the centrifugedbacterial pellet and filtering through a 5-mm and then a 0.45-mm filter to a volume of 3l.Filter-sterilized 12‰ ASW was used as a negative control. We also used a 'high ammonia'control consisting of 12‰ ASW with ammonia and pH adjusted to that of the wholewater.


A case report of pneumomediastinum secondary to a fracture of the orbital floor without injury to the chest is presented. The clinical entity is reviewed, and its clinical and anaesthesiological implications are discussed. Thirty-six hours after the incident the nose fracture and the fracture of the orbital floor was reduced by means of open reduction during halothane and nitrous oxide in oxy- gen anaesthesia. The patient tolerated this procedure well, and the postoperative course was uneventful without chest pain or respiratory distress. On examination 3 weeks after the incident the patient had no chest pain or respiratory symptoms. The subcutane- ous emphysema had completely disappeared.


Magnetic resonance imaging is commonly used in clinical work for its high resolution for soft tissue, and without radiation or interaction of bone interference. For ENT physicians, to read MRI accurately and retrieve more information from it would help the clinical work a lot. This review introduces the principles of MRI, the anatomy, the inflammatory disease, benign tumors and malignancies of the nasonasal tract.


The impact of human activity on biodiversity is very complicated, making it difficult to design practical indicators for assessment. Currently, state and response indicators are listed within Chapter 15 of Agenda 21, but no mention is made of driving force indicators and how they relate to biodiversity protection. This paper represents an effort to identify and then operationalize the idea of driving force indicators at national level. Five human induced factors affecting blodiversity were discussed: (a) habitat toss and fragmentation; (b) overexploitation of resources; (c) species introduction; (d) pollution; and (e) climate change. From these five factors, a subset was selected to serve as possible driving force indicators: (1) habitat loss, (2) the ratio of exotic species to indigenous ones, and (3) the change in pollution status. Although the three indicators are relatively simple, they cover the most important human impacts on biodiversity and offer the potential for further redefinition and ultimate use within the spirit of biodiversity protection.


Supersaturated Ribbons of the Al-12Mg alloy are prepared by melt spinning. The objective of this work is to explore the microstructure and microhardness of these ribbons. The results show that each Ribbon is a nearly single-phase solid solution containing a high density of dislocation, and there is few precipitation detected; Grains of the ribbon are equiaxed and the average size of them is 2.51 μm; During crystallization, {111} plane of the alloy grows preferentially parallel to the surface of the ribbon; The ribbons exhibit a relatively high microhardness of 113 HV. The feasibility of using these ribbons to prepare supersaturated Al-12Mg bulk alloy is discussed.


During the process of building business agility, the concept of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is proposed and widely lauded as an innovative business oriented solution. One of the most fundamental components in SOA based applications is a service, which represents the repeatable business functionalities to help the development of loosely coupled applications. Due to its important role in implementing SOA based applications for achieving dynamic business process, how to build a scalable, reliable service efficiently has become a vital challenge, while the service lifecycle management becomes one of the critical mechanisms to ensure the service quality. Currently, there are a large number of service lifecycle models proposed in the literature to fit their own purposes. However, few of them clearly indicate the integration of the lifecycle processes with stakeholders. To meet this gap, in this research a conceptual stakeholder analysis framework is proposed to associate the stakeholders with different lifecycle stages. It is believed that this method is able to offer the researchers in the community further insight into service lifecycle management from the stakeholder's perspective.


The widespread use of the tetanus toxoid vaccine has been very effective in the prevention of tetanus. However, older patients who may have failed to receive or complete immunization schedules for this vaccine are prone to the significant risks of this life-threatening illness. We present two cases stemming from diabetic foot ulcers to remind clinicians of the presentation and treatment of this now rare disease and to also draw attention to the need to emphasize immunisation as a prevention strategy.


TiO2-pillared clays with well-ordered porous structures are successfully prepared via incorporating TiO2 nanosol particles into the clays, where empty octahedral sites are partially modified with divalent metal ions such as Mg2+ and Fe2+. The prepared TiO2-pillared mica exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity, which can be controlled by tuning the optical transparency of clay support rather than the specific surface area of the hybrid catalysts.


Abstract The central objection to the constitution view is the too many thinkers problem – if the animal that constitutes you thinks and you are not it, then there are two thinkers within the region you occupy. Lynne Rudder Baker claims that the animal thinks only derivatively, in virtue of constituting the person that thinks nonderivatively, and this leads to a solution to the too many thinkers problem. This paper offers two objections to Baker's solution. First, the idea of derivative/nonderivative properties faces a dilemma unacceptable to constitutionalists: either the too many thinkers problem is reinstated or the constitution view is undermined by the idea itself. Further, Baker should concede that the person thinks in virtue of brain functions. This implies, contra Baker's claim, that the person thinks derivatively and the animal thinks nonderivatively. The paper also considers a way in which Baker might respond to the two objections.


"Seeing metastases larger than 2 mm, now that matters. With micrometastases (clusters of cancer cells larger than 0.2 mm but not larger than 2 mm) or isolated tumor cells (individual cells or cell clusters no larger than 0.2 mm), the prognosis is as if the patient were node-negative. That's a very important message," explains Victor Vogel, MD, MHS. "You don't have to do extensive axillary dissections in those patients. Removing micromets [micrometastases] surgically does not add to the systemic treatment of patients with breast cancer." Dr. Vogel is the American Cancer Society's national vice president for research.


This paper discusses the backlash against AIDS-specific funding in favour of general health systems support. We argue that this is not supported by the evidence and is flawed by a failure to recognise the cross-cutting nature of the AIDS response, the powerful role that civil society organisations can play in holding governments to account and the potential for building better health systems on the back of AIDS-specific interventions. We also contend that economists William Easterly (2006) and Mead Over (2008) have contributed to the backlash through their flawed analysis of the rollout of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in developing countries. The paper concludes that economists can contribute most constructively when they inform rather than pre-empt social choice, cast their analytical nets broadly rather than narrowly, and adopt a more political-economic perspective.