Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has become a new-generation communication skill, it is even popular in SCM networks. When some applications for information exchange, the requirement of non-attack network is applied. VoIP is a digital feature which has low cost and flexible technology. However, VoIP has several security problems in session internet protocol (SIP). VoIP relies on the packages switching transmit to the voice and videos on the Internet. Therefore, it will cause many threats on the VoIP if the network was attacked by the attackers. This paper proposes a new framework of IDP for a combination of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). The goal is to setup a new IDP to attack all different attacks. We believe that the IDP for SIP can be a new idea for hardware and software generators.


Abstract We revisit the problem of the existence of KAM tori in extrasolar planetary systems. Specifically, we consider the υ Andromedæ system, by modelling it with a three-body problem. This preliminary study allows us to introduce a natural way to evaluate the robustness of the planetary orbits, which can be very easily implemented in numerical explorations. We apply our criterion to the problem of the choice of a suitable orbital configuration which exhibits strong stability properties and is compatible with the observational data that are available for the υ Andromedæ system itself.


Abstract Background The chemokine CXCL13 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is used as a diagnostic marker of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). However, the elevated levels in other non-borrelial CNS infections and the lack of a clearly defined cut-off value are limitations of the test. Methods In our prospective study, we evaluated CSF CXCL13 levels in patients with LNB (47 patients), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE; 46 patients), enteroviral CNS infections (EV; 45 patients), herpetic CNS infections (HV; 23 patients), neurosyphilis (NS; 11 patients) and controls (46 patients). The correlation of CXCL13 with CSF mononuclears was determined in all groups. Results Median CXCL13 was significantly higher in LNB group; however, the cut-off value of 162 pg/mL was also exceeded in 22% of TBE patients, 2% EV patients, 44% HV patients and in 55% patients with NS. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.83 and 0.78, respectively, with a Youden index of 0.62. CXCL13 was significantly correlated with CSF mononuclears (p = .0024), but the type of infectious agent had a greater influence on CXCL13 levels. Conclusions Increased CXCL13 levels are useful for LNB diagnostics, but other non-purulent CNS infections causes should be considered if intrathecal synthesis of borrelia specific antibodies is not confirmed or clinical manifestations are atypical.


The assimilation of reflectivity (Z) within 3DVar or hybrid ensemble-3DVar (En3DVar) requires the adjoint of the Z observation operator. With the 3DVar or En3DVar method, previous studies often use Z operators consistent with a single-moment microphysics scheme even when the forecast model uses a double-moment scheme. As such, only the mixing ratios of hydrometeors are directly updated by the data assimilation (DA) system, leading to inconsistency between the analyzed microphysics state variables and the microphysics scheme in the prediction model. In this study, we formulated a Z operator consistent with the double-moment Thompson microphysics used in the numerical integrations; in the operator the snow and graupel reflectivity components are simplified using functions fitted to T-matrix simulation results. This operator and its adjoint are implemented within the GSI hybrid En3DVar DA system to enable direct assimilation of Z with a consistent operator. The impacts of this new operator on convective storm analysis through DA cycles, and on the ensuing 3-h forecasts are first examined in detail for a tornado outbreak case of 16 May 2017 in Texas and Oklahoma, and then for five additional thunderstorm cases. Forecast reflectivity, hourly precipitation and updraft helicity tracks are subjectively evaluated, while neighborhood ETSs and performance diagrams are examined for reflectivity and/or precipitation. Compared to experiments using a Z operator consistent with a single-moment microphysics scheme, the Z operator consistent with double-moment Thompson microphysics used in the forecast model produces better forecasts of reflectivity, hourly precipitation and updraft helicity tracks with smaller biases, and the improvement is somewhat larger for a higher Z threshold.


Psychophysical research with rats and mice has been instrumental in understanding umami taste transduction and perception. Although early studies suggested that an NMDA‐like receptor detected substances that elicit an umami taste, studies using behavioral methods with both rats and mice indicate that the picture is much more complex. When the G protein‐coupled receptor T1R1+T1R3 was discovered, it was believed to be the umami receptor and a more broadly tuned L‐amino acid receptor. However, since then a number of behavioral studies, like molecular and physiological studies, report evidence that other receptors may contribute to umami taste. For example, T1R3 knockout mice (KO) have only slightly elevated detection thresholds for monosodium glutamate (MSG) and L‐alanine. In conditioned taste aversion studies, T1R3 KO mice show bidirectional generalization of the aversion between MSG and L‐alanine, suggesting that these substances have similar tastes. However, these KO mice can discriminate between the tastes of the two substances, indicating other receptors also respond to these amino acids. (RS)‐α‐cycloprophy‐4‐phosphonophenylglycine (CPPG), a potent mGluR4 antagonist, decreases an aversion to MSG in rats while increasing the strength of generalization of the aversion to L‐arginine or L‐serine. These behavioral studies suggest that glutamate can activate several putative receptors, most notably T1R1+T1R3 and taste‐mGluR4, and possibly NMDA‐like receptors or taste‐mGluR1. These receptors generate similar but not identical sensations which, when combined, form a complex perception identified as umami. Further, these studies suggest that afferent signaling from T1R1+T1R3 and taste‐mGluR4 likely combine to generate the taste sensations associated with other L‐amino acids.


Vascular anomalies are broadly classified as either vascular tumours or vascular malformations. Haemangiomas come under vascular tumours and are the fourth most common tumor of the hand and consist primarily of proliferating blood vessels within the soft tissue. The common symptoms include progressive enlargement of the lesion and throbbing pain. Haemangiomas are readily compressible, poorly defined, bluish, subcutaneous masses that distended when the venous return was obstructed and contracted when the extremity was elevated. Plain radiographs will show a soft tissue mass and the typical calcification of phleboliths may be seen. The treatment of haemangiomas is surgical excision with the ligation of the tributory vessels to decrease the chances of recurrence. Here, we report a case of a haemangioma of the hand which was surgically excised.


Studying the yarn formation with the swirling air concept arouse of interest of the researchers for a long time because it appears to be easy to understand as a spinning principle. These kinds of systems are known as the vortex yarn spinning systems. The air- jet spinning methods have been developed since it is possible to eliminate the movable elements as the spindle and the traveler in ring spinning or the centrifuge in rotor spin- ning. The success of Murata vortex spinning (MVS) system which is the newest system after all studies of air-jet systems has been much acceptable especially for the spinning ability of 100% cotton in high speeds (500 m/min) and the yarn structure resembling ring yarn structure rather than rotor yarns. This study summarizes the historical background of vortex spinning, the spinning principle and the structure of the yarn spun on this system, as well as the factors influencing the yarn quality and finally the developments in vortex spinning technology.


Metastases to the breast from extra-mammary tumors are uncommon. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered to be an unusual source of such metastases, especially for a male, with only three previously reported cases. Here, we report a 40-year-old Asian male post nephrectomy for RCC diagnosed three years prior who presented with a breast mass. Ultrasound evaluation of the breast mass revealed a solid lesion that was concerning for malignancy. Given the relatively recent history of renal cell carcinoma, the possibility of a metastasis was considered. However, the extremely low incidence of RCC metastasis to the breast would lead pathologists and clinicians to consider a primary tumor such as male breast cancer as the first differential diagnosis. Ultimately, the histopathological evaluation showed that the neoplastic cells showed clear cell carcinoma features. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that the neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin (CK), CD10, vimentin, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), but were negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and GATA-3. Based on the medical history, morphology, and IHC study, the diagnosis of RCC metastatic to the breast was established. Due to the extremely low incidence of metastatic RCC to the breast, the risk of misdiagnosis is high and has the potential to negatively impact patient management. Here, we review the clinical, pathological, and prognostic information of RCC metastasis to the breast. When a male with a history of RCC presents with a suspicious breast mass, metastatic carcinoma should be taken into consideration, and pathologic examination is the most useful tool for the definitive diagnosis.


Symptoms of an overactive bladder often remain a therapeutic problem despite optimal use of conservative treatment methods including drug therapy, behavioural therapy, pelvic ̄oor exercises and biofeedback. In the last decade, sacral nerve neuromodulation has been con®rmed as a valuable addition to the therapeutic arsenal. The success of sacral neuromodulation has renewed interest in other neuromodulation techniques. The current techniques of neuromodulation for treating the overactive bladder are:


Materials & methods Four males and six females aged 22-29 with no shoulder complaints were examined independently by two radiographer students. GE LOGIQ S7 fitted with a quasi-static strain imaging software was used to create elastograms as ratios between supraspinatus tendon and reference regions of fat, muscle, (deltoid muscle), and a gel pad, respectively. The examiners were blinded to the ratios. Each examiner performed the measures two times with one hour in between. The first time, each examiner also rated the stiffness of the tendon by imaging color from low to high by 1: red, 2: green, maximum 25% red, 3: green, 4: green, maximum 25% blue, 5: blue, highest stiffness = healthy.


The progress that happened in the information technology era gives impact to various areas of life, including the life in the family. The impact is not always positive for life, but it can also be negative. Various problems can occur if each family can not answer the challenge of progress in a smart and wise way. Destruction of the integrity of the household, the neglect of children is among the most frightening effects of the present moment, and the phenomenon has begun to become a reality. In this paper, the author tries to offer a solution in maintaining family integrity using family counseling approach. The involvement of counseling professionals through a family counseling approach is expected to help find the right solutions faced by each family appropriately. Keyword—Maintain, Family Integrity, Approach, Family Counseling


The Green's function for potential theory
is developed for an axisymmetric void
of arbitrary shape located between two parallel walls.
Numerical results are given to demonstrate the
accuracy in the Green's function formulation
by comparison with numerical solutions
obtained using a commercial finite element code.
The present formulation is attractive
since numerical implementation only
involves unknowns on the surface of the void.


Objective:To study the clinical characteristics of primary hypernatremia.Methods:Clinical data of 2 patients diagnosed as primary hypernatremia were retrospectively analyzed.Results: The two patients who had injury of hypothalamus-pituitary area were characterized by persistent hypernatremia and hyperosmolality without thirsty sensation.After dehydration by performing water deprivation,urinary osmolality increased with and finally exceeded plasma osmolality increasing,but far from the normal range.The plasma osmolality of both inhibiting and stimulating of ADH release was much higher than the normal revealed by water loading test.Oral dihydrochlorothiazide,chlorpropamide and vasopressin administration could partially improve hypodypsia,hypernatremia and hyperosmolality.Conclusion:The proposed pathogenesis of primary hypernatremia is up-resetting of osmostat,which may be explained by combination of central partial diabetes insipidus and hypodypsia.Dihydrochlorothiazide,chlorpropamide and vasopressin could partially improve primary hypernatremia.


Color is a major indicator of quality of frozen litchi pulp and frozen litchi pulp browning during frozen storage may affect the value of the goods.By colorimeter measurement,it was found that when strored below-60 ℃,no color change occured.Samples frozen at-18 ℃ showed a slight color change.Analysis of browning intermediates 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural indicate that 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural in frozen litchi pulp at-60 ℃ unchanged,but slightly decreased when the samples was frozen at-18 ℃.Duringstorage at-18 ℃ and at-60 ℃,no changes were found in nutrition chemicals content except for reducing sugar at-18 ℃.


The failure of axle-bearing is one of the most common causes of derailments of railway vehicles which are usually accompanied by huge material damage and human casualties. Modern railways are working intensively on the development and implementation of appropriate systems for early detection of axlebearing malfunctions, which are typically manifested by increasing of its temperature. The most common approach is based on the use of wayside systems or checkpoints located in certain places along the track. There is also an innovative approach that involves using the system for continuous measuring and online monitoring of axle-boxes temperature. The main aim is to provide early detection of malfunctions of the axle-bearing and prevention of the potential derailment. This paper analyses the existing solutions for the detection of axle-bearings malfunctions with special emphasis on the working principle and the main advantages and disadvantages. The paper presents the basics of the one newly developed wireless measuring system for on-line monitoring of axle-boxes temperature. The measuring system was tested in real conditions and can be successfully applied to the commercial railway vehicles. The main conclusion is that systems for on-line monitoring of axle-bearings temperatures are far more efficient than wayside systems. Obtained results may be important for those who deal with these and similar problems, problems of development, exploitation and maintenance of railway vehicles, strategies, regulations, etc.


OBJECTIVES: To evaluate changes in acute health services use of Senior PharmAssist participants. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Community-based, nonprofit program in Durham County, North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 60 and older with income of 200% of the federal poverty level or less who enrolled in the Senior PharmAssist program (N = 191) between August 1, 2011, and March 15, 2017. INTERVENTION: Medication therapy management (MTM), customized community referrals, Medicare insurance counseling, and medication copayment assistance provided by Senior PharmAssist. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were self-reported emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions in the previous year, assessed at baseline and every 6 months for up to 2 years. RESULTS: Mean number of ED visits declined over time (0.83 visits per year at baseline to 0.53 visits per year at 24 months, P = .002), as did the percentage of participants reporting an ED visit in the past year (49% at baseline to 31% at 24 months, P = .003). Mean hospital admissions also decreased (0.56 admissions per year at baseline to 0.4 admissions per year at 24 months, P = .02). There was no significant change in percentage of participants reporting a hospital admission in the past year (33% at baseline to 25% at 24 months, P = .23). CONCLUSION: Older adults who enrolled in a community-based program that helps them manage medications, connect with community resources, and overcome barriers to medication access experienced reductions in acute health services use. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2394– 2400, 2018.


The post independence government, in contrast to a century of governance that implemented such practices as forced labour, apartheid and an elite education for a predominantly white segment of society, determined to place education at the top of national priorities. This was done by legislating for the introduction of free compulsory basic education as a right. The implications of this stance are spelled out, as a development vision, in the 1993 publication


In 1992, Jonathan Miller's biographer, Michael Romain, wrote of Miller's tenure at the Old Vic: 'With Hudson leading the way (combining painterly and sculptural elements in his design to dramatic effect), the Old Vic provided an outlet for the talents of a new generation of designers – Anthony McDonald, The Brothers Quay, Peter J. Davidson, Nigel Lowery. Their work, whether abstract or expressionist, maintained an emphasis on the freedom of the imagination from the constraints of literal representation: in short, a European style'.1


PURPOSE: To reduce a homochiral α-aminoaldehyde by a diastereoselective pinacol coupling by treating the aldehyde with a NbCl 3 -dimethoxyethane complex while simultaneously controlling four centers of a plurality of chiralities in existence. CONSTITUTION: The objective compd. (enantiomer or salt) expressed by formula II is obtained by treating the homochiral α-aminoaldehyde expressed by formula I (R 1 is a side chain group of a natural or non-natural α-amino acid; R 2 and R 3 are H or the formula D-(E) n (F) o (G) p (E, F and G are a natural or non-natural amino acid, azaamino acid or imino acid; (n), (o) and (p) are 0 or 1; D is R 4 (R 4 is H carboxyl, a (substd.) 1-18C alkyl, 1-7C alkylamino, 9- fluorenylmethoxycarbonylamino, 6-14C aryl, etc.), with the NbCl 3 - dimethoxyethane complex while simultaneously controlling all four centers of chiralities. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Nowaday, the Beijing Metro Line 1, line 5, line 13 has already started to implement the "character test", "Beijing rail-way operator safety regulations(Draft)" proposed regulations, rail transit bus stop personnel and their belongings were in the imple-mentation of safety check list, by the implementation of safety inspection unit in accordance with the provisions of. But in May 25,2014 the Beijing Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee(Draft) said, "there is a contradiction between people with sei-zure," the safety of rail traffic and fast and efficient, we recommend a more in-depth study. Research and development of CF- 1backscatter human security apparatus can avoid the disadvantages of "character test" to a certain extent, for the implementation ofpeople with seizure bring more possibilities.


Abstract: Objective: The main aim of this study is to find the incidence of osteoporosis (a bone weakening and breaking disease) in cirrhosis of the liver. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was carried out in services hospital Lahore in a period of 8 months form May 2018 to December 2018.  Materials and Methods: Patients were selected who presented in the medical department of Services hospital Lahore. Patients were selected randomly and only those patients were selected who were willing to take part in this study. Mean age of the patients was between 40 t0 70 years and all the patients had cirrhosis of the liver either due to Hepatitis B or C. On DEXA scan T score <2.5 was considered to have osteoporosis. Informed consent was taken from all the patients. Results:  A total of 50 cases were seen with cirrhosis of the liver and included 18(36%) and 32(64%) males. Mean age of the patients was 47 years. 14(28%) of the patients had osteoporosis. More males 10 (31.25%) were affected with osteoporosis. In age group 56 to 70 years the incidence was much higher. Duration for which the patient had cirrhosis had no significant effect on the incidence. Conclusion: Almost every 4 th to 5 th case of cirrhosis of the liver suffers from osteoporosis which is neglected mostly and not given significance. In people with higher age the complication is more frequent.


Analysis of employee performance is one of the parameters of the quality of human resourcesowned by the company. The method in this research is descriptive and verification methods. The populationin the study was 50 employees obtained by the saturated sampling method. The statistical test used iscorrelation coefficient analysis and multiple linear regression. The questionnaire instrument that has beentested for validity and reliability shows the results of research at a significance level of 5% indicating thatemployee work discipline is in the strict category (3.48), employee education level is in the high category(3.46), employee performance in the category is quite high (3 , 34), work discipline partially has a negativeand significant effect and on employee performance with the results of the regression calculation of 0.068 0.05 witha contribution of 0.926.


Photosynthetic organisms use sunlight as the primary energy source to fix CO2. However, in the environment, light energy fluctuates rapidly and often exceeds saturating levels for periods ranging from seconds to hours, which can lead to detrimental effects for cells. Safe dissipation of excess light energy occurs primarily by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) processes. In the model green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, photoprotective NPQ is mostly mediated by pH-sensing light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR) proteins and the redistribution of light-harvesting antenna proteins between the photosystems (state transition). Although each component underlying NPQ has been documented, their relative contributions to the dynamic functioning of NPQ under fluctuating light conditions remains unknown. Here, by monitoring NPQ throughout multiple high light-dark cycles with fluctuation periods ranging from 1 to 10 minutes, we show that the dynamics of NPQ depend on the frequency of light fluctuations. Mutants impaired in the accumulation of LHCSRs (npq4, lhcsr1, and npq4lhcsr1) showed significantly less quenching during illumination, demonstrating that LHCSR proteins are responsible for the majority of NPQ during repetitive exposure to high light fluctuations. Activation of NPQ was also observed during the dark phases of light fluctuations, and this was exacerbated in mutants lacking LHCSRs. By analyzing 77K chlorophyll fluorescence spectra and chlorophyll fluorescence lifetimes and yields in a mutant impaired in state transition, we show that this phenomenon arises from state transition. Finally, we quantified the contributions of LHCSRs and state transition to the overall NPQ amplitude and dynamics for all light periods tested and show that both processes interact to facilitate NPQ during light fluctuations. We further assess the role of LHCSRs in cell growth under various periods of fluctuating light. These results highlight the dynamic functioning of photoprotection under light fluctuations and open a new way to systematically characterize the photosynthetic response to an ever-changing light environment. One sentence summary The roles of LHCSR and STT7 in NPQ vary with the light fluctuation period and duration of light fluctuation.


CONTEXT
The meaning of the term "gale chinoise" mentioned in some articles about French overseas territories in the 19th century, remains unclear. In response to a query of an American colleague dermatologist trying to find out what it meant 150 years ago, we attempted to elucidate the nature of this ancient disease, which today would be translated literally as Chinese scabies.

METHOD
We submitted the query to a panel of civilian and military French tropical medicine specialists including dermatologists, through two networks : Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre-Mer and Société de Pathologie Exotique.

RESULTS
Very few answers were received from the approximately 400 colleagues in these networks. They mentioned : ciguatera, other types of ichtyosarcotoxism, smallpox, and leprosy. Several said they never encountered this term during many years spent in French Polynesia, and none was able to find irrefutable proof of their suggestion. Discussion and conclusion. Leprosy, smallpox, ciguatera? The identity of "gale chinoise" remains an enigma ; it might have been intended to designate several different diseases.


The basic principle of the associative memory is to match the unknown input pattern against a stored training set, and responding with the 'closest match' and the corresponding label. Generally, an associative memory system requires two preparatory steps: selecting attributes of the pattern class, and training the system by associating patterns with labels. Experimental results gained from using Parallel Associative Memory are presented. The primary concern is an automatic search for ground control points in aerial photographs. Synthetic patterns are tested followed by real data. The results are encouraging as a relatively high level of correct matches is reached.


A project was set up at several primary schools in Hastings, United Kingdom, to investigate the opinions of year 6 (about 10 years old) children on transport to school. The questionnaires were designed to blend in with the National Curriculum and included a map on which children could plot those areas on their route to school which they considered most dangerous. Recently installed computer systems at the schools were used by TRL to create a discussion forum which enabled larger numbers of children to take part, was attractive to use, minimised disruption to lessons and enabled the project team to conduct more than one group a day. The data gathered were then discussed with the children. Cycles lanes and parking were suggested at all schools and traffic reduction was suggested by pupils from two schools. All the schools considered that the discussions were educationally worthwhile. Other suggestions included escorted walking and cycling, incentives such as free drinks and doughnuts, leadership from teaching staff, promotions and cycle 'clubs'. Recommendations for hard engineering measures were also made in subsequent site visits and it was suggested that walking buses should be promoted as healthy. The development of school travel plans was proposed.


ABSTRACT An important example of an effect algebra (in other terminology a D-poset) has been constructed by linear positive operators on a Hilbert space. In the paper basic notions of probability theory are exposed and the central limit theorem is proved. Some similar results on D-lattices are known, but the effect algebra studied here need not be a lattice.


Electrodes based on arrays of TiO2 nanowires were prepared by template sol-gel synthesis with the goal of developing a hydrazine photoelectrochemical sensor. Experimental conditions were chosen so that the gelation reaction occurred inside the nanopores of track-etched polycarbonate membranes, with consequent filling with TiO2 nanowires. Different procedures for the removal of the template were examined, in order to obtain arrays of self-standing TiO2 nanowires. The nanowire arrays were bound to fluorine doped tin oxide substrates to produce handy photoelectrodes. The photocurrent recorded with the photoelectrodes in the presence of hydrazine showed significant dependence on the pollutant concentration. The development of a photoelectrochemical sensor for hydrazine detection in water samples, based on this principle, is presented.


An attractive inverse square potential has been considered in a space with the spin noncommutativity of coordinates. The corresponding effective potential energy, as well as the total energy, is shown to be bounded from below. Using the variational method, the upper limit of the ground-state energy, which turns out to be negative for a sufficiently large coupling constant, is found. As a result, it is proved that the inverse square potential creates stationary levels in the space concerned, unlike the case of commutative space, where a particle falls to the center.


Our project deals with an area still under-studied, that of interactive musical systems, and attempts to understand in what way these systems can affect the learning and the musical creativity of children. We chose to study young children, 3/5 years old, because at this age the problem of the interaction between child and machine takes on a fundamental role in the learning process. An experimental protocol was established to observe selected categories of conducts in children confronting an interactive musical system. Following a preliminary experiment, we used a particular system, the Continuator, able to produce music in the same style as a human playing the keyboard (Pachet 2002). The experiment was carried out with 27 children of 3/5 years, in an Italian kindergarten. We used a Roland ED PC-180A keyboard as the interface for the Continuator. Three sessions were held once a day for 3 consecutive days. In every session the children were asked to play in 4 different ways: just with the keyboard, with the keyboard and the Continuator, with another child, and both with another child and the Continuator. The tasks were given in random order. All the sessions were recorded on video. We also recorded the music played by the children and the Continuator. The data analysed until now show a certain number of interesting results, relating to the development of musical style interaction between children and system. In this paper, we will provide some general comments about the children's conducts, both musical and interactive, and give a qualitative analysis of 2 case-studies.


The excavation of a series of wooden structures, built to reclaim land on Venice's northwestern edge, provided an opportunity, using Bayesian chronological modeling, to combine precise dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating results with floating tree-ring chronologies, artifactual dating and stratigraphic evidence. Our model indicates that the first structure was built in the early AD 1340s, the second in the early AD 1370s, and the reclaimed area was extended again within about a decade of cal AD 1400. The dates of these building episodes bracket the deposition of important pottery assemblages, including imports from Spain and the Eastern Mediterranean.


OBJECTIVE
The exercise rehabilitation in patient with chronic heart failure (CHF) is standard clinical practice, but it is rare using CardioPulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) guide to prescribe exercise rehabilitation in China.

METHODS
We performed symptom limited maximal CPET in 10 patients with CHF, randomly divided into two groups: 5 patients as control without exercise and 5 exercise patients used Δ50%W intensity to exercise 30 min/d, 5 d/w, x12 w. Before and after 12 w rehabilitation, we evaluated functions.

RESULTS
There were no significant difference between two groups patients (P > 0.05). The exercise duration was increased from 8 min to 23 min after rehabilitation (P < 0.001); distance 6 minutes walking was increased from 394 m to 470 m (P < 0.05); score of Minnesota quality of life was decreased from 25 to 3 in exercise group (P < 0.01). However, there were nosignificant changes in control group (P>0.05) and their changes were smaller than those in exercise group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
The CPET guiding exercise rehabilitation is safe and effective for patients with CHF.


DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.5975 Received: 21.07.2018 Accepted: 30.08.2018 Publihed Online: 05.09.2018 Printed: 01.05.2019 J Clin Anal Med 2019;10(3): 414-6 Corresponding Author: Eyup Cagatay Zengin, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Basin Sitesi 35160, Izmir, Turkey. GSM: +905052522836 E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9843-790X Abstract The aim of this case report is to guide the treatment when orthopedic surgeons encountered with scapular osteochondroma. Subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS) is one of the most frequent causes of shoulder discomfort. Osteochondroma-related subacromial impingement syndrome is rarely reported in the literature. In this case report, we describe the treatment of a 19-year-old female patient with a solitary osteochondroma who presented with pain and restricted movement in the shoulder region. Direct radiography indicated that a bone density mass had almost completely filled the subacromial region. The unique aspect of this report was the origin of the exostosis. Although osteochondromas originating from the posterior superior glenoid are uncommon, they can cause SAIS. Removal of the mechanical irritation with arthroscopic or open surgical techniques can reduce pain and facilitate recovery of shoulder function.


Engineers and technologists play an integral role in the global economy by responding to complex problems with innovativesolutions. These roles are not acted on in isolation thus making teamwork an important competency. While the importance ofmastering the competency concepts is known, assessing teamwork is not so straightforward. The purpose of this study was to gaina clearer understanding of student perceptions on teamwork. Researchers distributed, collected, and analyzed qualitative data fromthree different courses at a Midwestern University. Participants were enrolled in three different levels (engineering design freshman (n = 26), Construction Management Technology – sophomores (n = 42), and Aviation and Transportation Technology –juniors (n = 30)). Specifically, researchers utilized the Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness (CATME) systemand reflection prompts. A total of (n = 98) reflections were collected. After a thematic analysis using NVivo, results indicatedstudents reflected differently upon teamwork depending on the project type, context, educational background, experience, andmaturity of the team. The analysis yielded evidence towards the need to not only increase the opportunities for teamwork but tointentionally incorporate peer – and self-assessments. These assessments may be completed through evaluation and reflection.


The invention discloses a Meloxicam tablet, a production technology and purposes thereof. The Meloxicam tablet consists of Meloxicam, lactose, pregelatinized starch, low-substitute hyprolose, polysorbate 80, 12% of pregelatinized starch for flushing syrup, superfine silica gel powder, magnesium stearate, alcohol and gastric-solubility film coating premixer. The production method of the Meloxicam tablet comprises the following steps: manufacturing tablet cores and coatings, and the like. The Meloxicam tablet treats 125 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, and the anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving curative effects are good, while the curative effect on blood sedimentation is little, and the total effective rate achieves 84%. The invention has the characteristics of few medical taking times, stable blood and medicine concentration, long duration period, and the like.


This paper discusses awareness about Open Educational Resources (OER), the level of integration with library resources and the barriers as perceived by academic librarians. It also tries to examine the possible roles of academic libraries in promoting and supporting OER development. It presents the results of a survey on the awareness, integration and involvement of academic libraries in OER.


There are limitations in software development based on J2EE with technique JSP,Servlet and EJB, such as difficulties in reuse of business logic and system maintainability. So this paper presents a realization of J2EE architecture that based on Struts framework and JDO, which can significantly improve the development efficiency, system maintainability and expansibility. Struts brings an excellent MVC framework, it separated code of business/control/display logic and aided in code re-usability and flexibility for components development. JDO supplies object persistence with object-oriented way, makes up lack ability of EJB in object-oriented programming, and supports complete object-oriented design.


In this paper, a novel three-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) parallel robot is designed, which can only move in three translational directions. It avoids the difficulty in the solution for forward kinematics of the parallel robot. The robot containing only lower pairs (P and R) has a simple mechanism. The characteristic that the parallel robot has only three translational degrees of freedom can be proved by the screw theory and the DOF can be got by the formula of calculating the DOF of space mechanism. The kinematics and workspace of the parallel robot is analyzed through calculation and simulation. In order to obtain better servo control performance, the PMSM fuzzy controller is designed. The analysis and simulation results show that the mechanism design of the parallel robot is reasonable, and the effect of fuzzy controller is better than the ordinary PID controller.


Ian Snook provides an insight of the scientific contributions of Edgar R. Smith in mathematical and scientific field. Smith described the dynamical properties of colloidal suspensions, and solved the problem using the commonly used truncation of the expansion of these interactions. Smith also studied magnetization in ideal Bose systems, one dimensional X-Y model with random coupling constants, and correlations in the one dimensional Ising model with random coupling constants. The field covered by him also include response of a nematic liquid crystal to van der Waals forces, van der Waals interaction across non-uniform electolytes, and an upper bound on the free energy for classical systems with Coulomb interactions in a varying external field. Smith studied the problems related to Monte Carlo simulation of a planar Ising model roughening transition and simulation of electrostatic systems in periodic boundary conditions.


A group of at least 17 killer whales (Orcinus orca) were observed attacking a gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) mother and calf on 2 May 1992 in Monterey Bay, California, U.S.A. (36°47.90′N, 122°00.17′W). Small groups of killer whales took turns harassing the gray whales and prevented them from leaving the area. Three of the killer whales participating in this attack previously had been photographed on 6 August 1989 in Glacier Bay, Alaska, U.S.A. (58°41′N, 136°04′W). This linear distance nearly doubles the maximum range of movement previously reported for killer whales.


earth," the Holy Eucharist celebrated by priests (p. 214)—did not act to restrain the depravities visited upon generations of Catholics. Survivors attest to the deep anxiety of attending the Eucharist after abuse and yet often tell of how they could not stay away. No review of Orsi can do justice to his unique ability to weave together close studies of particular events or practices with the theoretical and personal. I commend the book with minimal qualification. Readers might quibble about oversimplifications or generalizations (such as on eucharistic doctrine or theories of religion), but Orsi himself acknowledges such moments and addresses them. For those teaching an introductory course on the study of religion, this book might usefully be set beside Neil MacGregor's recent Living with the Gods: On Beliefs and Peoples (Penguin, 2018). It offers a greater variety of objects and vignettes across cultures for a study of religion based on presence.


The Financial Cooperative of African Women, founded to promote female entrepreneurship quickly showed its limitations in terms of loan repayment performance. This study aims at identifying the determinants of loan delinquency rates in this institution. We carry out a logistic regression analysis on the data collected from a sample of 603 cases of loans to members in March 2013. Factors related to the borrower (age and availability of complementary income) and to the institution (amount of loan, duration and loan officer visit during the repayment period) affect the default rate in this institution.


A 65-year-old female suffered trauma to her left hand on which acrodermatitis continua (psoriasis of Hallopeau) developed. It is suggested that the persistent pain of this skin condition, its poor response to treatment and her allied mental state led to the development of a severe algodystrophy with marked underlying osteoporosis.


The invention discloses a trap type mousetrap relating to a mousetrap. The mousetrap is a plastic product and is a large round-table-shaped barrel with a cover in shape; the cover of the barrel is a group of petal-shaped turning plates (4) capable of automatically turning towards the center, and the turning plates (4) are all in a balance state under a normal condition. After a mouse climbs on the top of the mousetrap and crosses a balance point, the turning plates (4) lose balance and turn downwards towards the center under the pressure of the weight of the mouse to slide the mouse into the mousetrap, and then the turning plates (4) restore the balance state again.


Rubidium 5S1/2 → 7S1/2 two-photon transition Masteŕ s dissertation Ming-Sheng Ko National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 2004 Rubidium 5S1/2→7S1/2 two-photon transition has been observed using a 760 nm external cavity diode laser and a vapor cell. With 10 mW laser power, the SNR and linewidth of the transition is 280 and 3 MHz, respectively. The ECDL is stabilized on the transition to an uncertainty of 7 kHz (2×10−11) using FM spectroscopy. Absolute frequencies of all hyperfine components in this transition have been measured to an uncertainty of 20 kHz using optical femtosecond comb. Different systematic effects are tabled. The uncertainty of hyperfine constant in rubidium 7S1/2 state is improved by a factor of four, comparing with previous best result. And for the first time, isotope shift of this transition is measured to be 131.567(73) MHz. By frequency doubling technique, a 1520 nm ECDL is stabilized on the two-photon transition. This provides a frequency standard in telecommunication band (1460-1530 nm, S-band).


We provide a computational framework for approximating a class of structured matrices; here, the term structure is very general, and may refer to a regular sparsity pattern (e.g., block-banded), or be more highly structured (e.g., symmetric block Toeplitz). The goal is to uncover {\it additional latent structure} that will in turn lead to computationally efficient algorithms when the new structured matrix approximations are employed in the place of the original operator. Our approach has three steps: map the structured matrix to tensors, use tensor compression algorithms, and map the compressed tensors back to obtain two different matrix representations -- sum of Kronecker products and block low-rank format. The use of tensor decompositions enables us to uncover latent structure in the problem and leads to compressed representations of the original matrix that can be used efficiently in applications. The resulting matrix approximations are memory efficient, easy to compute with, and preserve the error that is due to the tensor compression in the Frobenius norm. Our framework is quite general. We illustrate the ability of our method to uncover block-low-rank format on structured matrices from two applications: system identification, space-time covariance matrices. In addition, we demonstrate that our approach can uncover sum of structured Kronecker products structure on several matrices from the SuiteSparse collection. Finally, we show that our framework is broad enough to encompass and improve on other related results from the literature, as we illustrate with the approximation of a three-dimensional blurring operator.


We analysed the productivity of the Bonelli's eagle Hieraaetus fasciatus in relation to 26 variables that account for physiography, level of human presence, land-use, climate, laying date, and nest orientation, in the province of Granada (SE Spain), where a stable population exhibits the maximum productivity value for the species in Europe. Productivity positively correlated with cliff availability within territories and closeness of nest site to SE orientation. Cliff availability permitted some pairs to choose the best nest site orientation, thereby favouring high productivity. Nests in the preferred orientation (SE) had 35% higher productivity than those towards non-preferred orientations. Higher productivity in the best orientation nests might be related to warmer conditions. High productivity in the study area could offset the main problem for Bonelli's eagle conservation in Europe, that is, the high preadult and adult mortality. Actions required to ensure the recovery of neighbouring populations must focus on the preservation of high cliff availability and the diminution of preadult mortality in southeastern Spain. This would favour restocking of the decreased northern populations by the juvenile dispersion.


How should we understand the relation between spatiality and embodiment? This question is not just theoretical but also practical, not just conceptual but also existential, not just philosophical but also a question for architecture. In this article I will explore the relationship between spatiality and embodiment with the help of architecture and phenomenology. As the question about the relationship is both theoretical and practical, both conceptual and existential, I want to do justice to these dimensions to some extent through moving between, first, the imagery of architecture, second, the conceptuality of phenomenology, particularly how spatiality and embodiment relate to the concept of atmosphere, and third, some studies in the theory of architecture. Thus, this article is an explorative interpretation with the aim of articulating how the relationship between spatiality and embodiment could be understood in a way that is comprehensive, clarifying, and existentially relevant


Filamentous fungi are eukaryotic protein factories having greater relevance in the modern day food and pharmaceutical industries. They are known for their astounding potential towards biodegradation and mineralization of xenobiotics and lignocellulosics. This unique Kingdom of organisms play an inevitable role in environmental cleanup and make up, adapting themselves by way of regulating their bound and secretary proteins. They make changes in the proteome composition and provide exciting opportunities in food, feed, biofuel, pharmaceutical and agroindustries. Overview of proteomic strategies in filamentous fungi with respect to extracellular proteomes, enzymes or secretomes will have greater relevance to understand the bio-based processes, such as biomass deconstruction and mycoremediation, wherein fungi are primarily involved. Scientists of "Proteogenomics Era" try to use customized protein sequence databases to identify novel peptides in filamentous fungi. Proteomics techniques can help to elucidate complex biological processes and are considered as powerful tools for the sensitive detection and rapid identification of filamentous fungi through protein expression understanding the interaction between fungal pathogen and host plant is more challenging. The expression of protein profiles in such cases is much complicated due to the presence of proteomes of two different species simultaneously, either at the infection court or at a remote place inside the partnering organisms. When the plant and its associated fungal biome is subjected to genomic analysis, the power of proteomics remains to be the chosen tool to unravel the molecular pathways of pathogencity and resistance. Sometimes, in a compatible partnership like in mycorrhiza, the proteomics tools and techniques help to understand the symbiotic relationship. Experimental designs have also progressed extensively towards organelle proteomics and the knowledge on localization of proteins is of overriding importance to understand functions of various proteins at sub-cellular level. Organelle proteomics has gained insights in to compartmentalization and localization that exists in a fungal cell with respect to protein secretomes (e.g. production and process control of antibiotics, organic acids, enzymes etc.,). Bioinformatics tools can help in the quantitative and qualitative estimation of such proteins to look beyond harnessing the full potential of filamentous fungi.


A small and lightweight oxygen sensor for continuous in-airway monitoring of breath. A measurement precision of <0.3% O2 (10ms integration time) is achieved, which is adequate to resolve oxygen concentration within a single breath cycle.


even if they had been, the computation would have been prohibitively tedious and lengthy. The present paper describes an algorithm for the comparison of means for two random groups of scores. The algorithm was based on a brief verbal statement of the logic (Ray, 1966). A computer program for the algorithm was written, and information was obtained on time requirements. Randomization test results were compared with results for an analysis of variance.


Dimethyl 2-methyl-5-(chloropyridin-2-yl)pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylates in which the chlorine atom is substituted at different positions of the pyridine ring have widely varying biological properties. The 3-chloro analog (I) is a post-emergence and pre-emergence herbicide, the 4- and 5-chloro analogs (II, III) are post-emergence herbicides but not pre-emergence, and the 6-chloro analog (IV) is inactive. Computer graphic and molecular mechanics analyses of their molecular conformations showed that the 4- and 5-chloro analogs adopt a coplanar, intramolecularly hydrogen bonded conformation whereas the 3-chloro analog does not. High-level quantum mechanical calculations of the conformational preferences of related model systems were in agreement with these results. Based on this, II and III were predicted to have higher octanol/water partition coefficients relative to I, leading to higher soil binding and weaker xylem transport, hence their observed weaker pre-emergence activities. Experimental measurements of octanol/water partition coefficients, soil binding, and infrared hydrogen bonding studies verified these predictions. Molecular modeling techniques are usually used for designing compounds to fit enzyme active sites and designing putative receptor models. This study demonstrates the usefulness of these techniques for dealing with transport problems.


A method for modifying a target DNA, the method comprising contacting the target DNA with a complex comprising: (a) a Cas9 polypeptide and (b) an RNA directed to single molecule DNA comprising: (i) a targeted segment to DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a sequence in the target DNA; and (ii) a protein binding segment that interacts with said Cas9 polypeptide, wherein the protein binding segment comprises two complementary stretches of nucleotides that hybridize to form a double stranded RNA duplex (cRNA), in which said two stretches Complementary nucleotides are covalently linked by intermediate nucleotides, in which said contact is in vitro or in an ex vivo cell; and wherein said modification is cleavage of the target DNA.


This study deals with the performance of the upgrading schemes for the existing gravity load designed (GLD) reinforced concrete (RC) beam–column sub-assemblages using near-surface mounted (NSM) fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. In this study, exterior beam–column sub-assemblage of a general RC-framed structure has been considered. Numerical investigations of the sub-assemblages have been carried out under cyclic loading using nonlinear finite element analysis. Experimentally validated numerical models have been used for evaluating the performance of various upgrading schemes using NSM bars. Cyclic behaviour of reinforcement, concrete modelling based on fracture energy, bond–slip relations between concrete and steel reinforcement have been incorporated. The study also includes numerical investigation of crack and failure patterns, ultimate load-carrying capacity, strain comparisons and formation of plastic hinges, load–displacement hysteresis, energy dissipation and ductility. Seismic performance in terms of energy dissipation and development of strain in beam bar shows that some of the upgraded schemes are found to be comparable to the seismically designed ductile specimens. The findings of this study would be helpful to the practising and design engineers for developing detailing criteria for newly designed – or strengthening of deficient – reinforced concrete structure.


Abstract Evolution of cultures is influenced by languages. To understand this influence the paper analyzes how language and cognition interact in thinking. Is language just used for communication of completed thoughts, or is it fundamental for thinking? We review a hypothesis that language and cognition are two separate but closely interacting mechanisms, and identify each of them. Language accumulates cultural wisdom; cognition develops mental representations modeling surrounding world and adapts cultural knowledge to concrete circumstances of life. Language is acquired from surrounding language 'ready-made' and therefore can be acquired early in life. Cognition can not be acquired directly from experience; language is a necessary intermediary, a "teacher." This model is consistent with recent neuroimaging data about cognition, remaining unnoticed by other theories. The proposed theory explains a number of properties of language and cognition, which previously seemed mysterious. It suggests mechanisms by...


Video of Soledad O'Brien and former New Hampshire governor John Sununu got into a heated argument on "Starting Point" over whether President Obama called the attack on the American consulate in Libya an "act of terror."_x000D_
The issue took the spotlight at the second presidential debate, when Mitt Romney charged that it took the president days to label the attack an act of terror. Obama said that he called the incident "an act of terror" one day after the tragedy. In one of the most memorable moments of the night, moderator Candy Crowley fact-checked Romney and backed the president up.


The paper addresses the major scientific approaches of European and Ukrainian researchers to the interpretation of the cross-border area concept. It defines the main features and attributes of cross-border areas by each of the approaches. The author classifies main approaches to the delineation of cross-border areas by their features and attributes, focusing on administrative, institutional, political, and functional components, the intensity of cooperation, the difference in the levels of socio-economic development of adjoining border areas, common geographical, historical, cultural, or economic features or opportunities, and the features of functioning of the territories' socio-economic development elements (changes in the number of population of areas within the 30-minute drive to the border or existing or prospective impacts of urban center located at the border or divided by the border), simple belonging to adjoining administrative-territorial units, etc. The paper provides examples of the functioning of cross-border areas by the analyzed approaches to their definition and types determined based on the conducted classification. Special attention is paid to the functional approach to the delineation of cross-border areas as the most common in foreign practice. The approach stipulates the delineation of cross-border areas by the strength of various types of links between the cross-border cooperation participants regardless of the size of the area they are located at, the size of the administrative-territorial unit they are the part of, or the availability of institutional environment. The reasonability of the application of approaches used by European researchers to delineate cross-border areas in Ukrainian realities is verified.


By means of literature reviews and investigations the author tries to study and analyze the characteristics, the distribution and the developing strategy of Hunan sports tourism resources and put forward several suggestions for the exploitation of Hunan sports tourism resources.


In real-time trajectory planning for unmanned vehicles, on-board sensors, radars and other instruments are used to collect information on possible obstacles to be avoided and pathways to be followed. Since, in practice, observations of the sensors have measurement errors, the stochasticity of the data has to be incorporated into the models. In this paper, we consider using a genetic algorithm for the constrained optimization problem of finding the trajectory with minimum length between two locations, avoiding the obstacles on the way. To incorporate the variability of the sensor readings, we propose a more general framework, where the feasible regions of the genetic algorithm are stochastic. In this way, the probability that a possible solution of the search space, say x, is feasible can be derived from the random observations of obstacles and pathways, creating a real-time data learning algorithm. By building a confidence region from the observed data such that its border intersects with the solution point x, the level of the confidence region defines the probability that x is feasible. We propose using a smooth penalty function based on the Gaussian distribution, facilitating the borders of the feasible regions to be reached by the algorithm.


Government administrative integrity is the core and the backbone of social integrity system.Inadequate awareness of the administrative integrity,dishonest acts of administrative administration,low public trust and assessment on the Government,all these can be attributed to the lack of good faith of integrity,the imperfect administrative integrity system,the lack of interaction between the public and the government.To improve the China's administrative integrity,it is necessary to strengthen the idea education of administrative integrity;speed up the legislation of administrative integrity,improve the administrative integrity system;enhance the capacity of administrative act,and the implementation of administration according to law.


The paper describes an integrated polymer laboratory, a one-semester senior/first-year graduate level chemical engineering laboratory, designed to provide students with an experience that parallels process and product development in industry. A unique feature of the "integrated" laboratory experience is that students synthesize resins which are used in subsequent experiments. Hence, students gain first-hand experience of the inter-relationships between the various steps of product/process development. Experiments designed and tested include polymer identification, polymer synthesis, polymer rheology, polymer fabrication and mechanical testing and morphology characterization. The polymer identification experiment is designed to introduce students to structure-property relationships. Solution, suspension and/or bulk polymerization are investigated in the polymer synthesis laboratory. The resin produced in this experiment is then used in subsequent experiments. Melt viscosity is studied in the polymer rheology laboratory. A 33 ton injection molding machine is then used to fabricate test specimens and to attain and understanding of process variables in the polymer fabrication laboratory. A torque rheometer is also used to study process variables. Finally, students analyse the test specimens obtained from the resin they synthesized utilizing a servo-hydraulic test system, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a scanning electron microscope.


the purpose of this research is to know the: (1) engineering the right moves and disappear on a flat service tennis technique, (2) the Anthropometry of the ideal Athlete Tennis field matching using flat tennis court services. This research uses the mix method, which combines qualitative research and quantitative research in terms of methodology. The subject of the research in this study is SMES UNY tennis athletes who could do good flat services. There are several instruments in this research, including the Hewitt Service Placement Test, the assessment of the reference Norms (PAN), a test of Anthropometry (height, weight, height, arm length, scoring) and to measure the strength of the muscles of the arm use Dacin. Results showed that data: at the stage of preparation is good, very good product takeback on stage, at the stage of loading and hitting very well, at the stage of contact point very well, and on stage both follow through. From the results of the overall performance of the technique of servicing SME athletes performed flat tennis UNY 2018 categories very well. The ideal athlete on the Anthropometry that are suitable to use flat services should be: height ≥ 168 cm, weight ≥ 58 kg, height ≥ 210cm, arm length ≥ 71 kg. Keywords— service flat, tennis, anthropometry


One kind of phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit, comprising: a voltage controlled oscillator (the VCO), having a parallel resonant circuit comprising a first and second capacitors of a plurality of MOS capacitors reverse bias of the diode. When the oscillation frequency of the reference frequency locked on, the oscillation frequency of the tuning voltage according to whether the deviation detection control of the first variable capacitor. Due to temperature fluctuations or the like by the fluctuations in the voltage of the second variable capacitor is controlled to compensate for the deviation.


During the last decades, neoliberal ideas have increased their influence in society at large, as well as in higher education. As teacher educators, we experience a growing trend that emphasizes the ...


When giving the pronunciation of outdated Chinese characters which there are a lot in Shuowen Jiezi(说文解字),we must adequately keep to traditional phonetic data such as Xu Xuan's(徐铉)Fanqie(反切),Guangyun(广韵),Yupian(玉篇)and Jiyun(集韵).In Hanyu Da Zidian(汉语大字典)there are some Chinese characters'phonetic notations we would discern and rectify in this paper.


Several definitions of logical consequence have been proposed in many-valued logic, which coincide in the two-valued case, but come apart as soon as three truth values come into play. Those definitions include so-called pure consequence, order-theoretic consequence, and mixed consequence. In this paper, we examine whether those definitions together carve out a natural class of consequence relations. We respond positively by identifying a small set of properties that we see instantiated in those various consequence relations, namely truth-relationality, valuemonotonicity, validity-coherence, and a constraint of bivalence-compliance, provably replaceable by a structural requisite of non-triviality. Our main result is that the class of consequence relations satisfying those properties coincides exactly with the class of mixed consequence relations and their intersections, including pure consequence relations and order-theoretic consequence. We provide an enumeration of the set of those relations in finite many-valued logics of two extreme kinds: those in which truth values are well-ordered and those in which values between 0 and 1 are incomparable.


An infinite, inhomogeneous electron plasma driven by a spatially uniform oscillating electric field is investigated. The multi-time perturbation method is used to analyze possible parametric excitations of transverse waves and to evaluate their growth rates. It is shown that there exist subharmonic excitations of: (1) a pair of transverse waves in an unmagnetized plasma and (2) a pair of one right and one left circularly polarized wave in a magnetoplasma. Additionally, parametric excitation of two right or two left circularly polarized waves with different frequencies can exist in a magnetoplasma. The subharmonic excitations are impossible whenever the density gradient and the applied electric field are perpendicular. However, parametric excitation is possible with all configurations.


: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Similar study has been performed by Miyasaka et al. in 2001, detailing MR features of spinal haemangioblastoma and its clinical relevance. However, to our knowledge, there was no similar study has been performed in Hong Kong. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MR features' correlation with clinical and surgical findings in local setting. METHODS


Objective To study acute toxicity of the drug anti-tumor agent on mice,thus offering evidence for clinical safe dose.Methods An acute toxicity test was conducted.Anti-tumor agent in the highest concentration and largest amount was given to the mice by stomach feeding,and behavioral indexes and toxicity degree were continuously observed.Then in the end of the test,the mice were executed in order to get primary toxicity materials.Results All mice healthily survived during the period of test,and no obvious symptoms were observed.The maximum tolerance dose was as 360 times as that used in clinic.The drug had no harmful effect on body weight,food utilization as well as organ coefficients except that of male mice's kidney.The hemogram and blood chemical indexes of the groups were not significantly different from those of control group.Observed by naked eyes,there were no abnormal changes on surfaces and transects of organs.The results of pathological examination on all organs were also normal.Conclusions No acute toxicity is found with anti-tumor agent,and it may be safe to be used in clinic.


Summary.  Background and Objectives: D‐dimer is a hemostasis marker that reflects ongoing fibrin formation and degradation. There is significant inter‐individual and inter‐population variability in D‐dimer concentration, but whether genetic factors underlie these differences is largely unknown. We hypothesized that common coagulation gene variants contribute to differences in circulating D‐dimer concentration. Methods: The setting was European‐American (EA; n = 1858) and African‐American (AA; n = 327) unrelated older adults from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), in which we genotyped SNPs in 42 genes related to blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Results: Several fibrinogen gene polymorphisms, including the Thr312Ala Aα chain variant and the FGG‐10034 C/T variant, were associated with ∼20% higher plasma D‐dimer levels in EA (false discovery rate < 5% for covariate‐adjusted model). There was also some evidence that a Pro41Leu variant of the PLAU gene encoding urinary plasminogen activator and non‐coding polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene (SERPINE1) were associated with higher plasma D‐dimer in EA. There were no significant associations between the studied coagulation or fibrinolysis gene SNPs and plasma D‐dimer levels in the smaller AA sample. However, each standard deviation increase in European ancestry assessed by ancestry‐informative gene markers was associated with ∼10% lower mean D‐dimer levels in AA. Conclusions: Together, common coagulation/fibrinolysis gene SNPs explained only ∼2% of the variance in plasma D‐dimer levels in EA. These findings suggest that the association of D‐dimer with risk of vascular outcomes may be mediated largely by environmental factors, other genes, and/or genetic interactions.


Modern philosophy of emotion has been largely dominated by what I call the Tracking Dogma, according to which emotions aim at tracking "core relational themes," features of the environment that bear on our well-being (e.g. fear tracks dangers, anger tracks wrongs). The paper inquires into the empirical credentials of Strong and Weak versions of this dogma. I argue that there is currently insufficient scientific evidence in favor of the Tracking Dogma; and I show that there is a considerable weight of common knowledge against it. I conclude that most emotions are insensitive to the circumstances that might be thought to elicit them and often unfitting to the circumstances in which they arise. Taking Darwin's lessons seriously, even predictable emotional responses to biologically basic objects (e.g. bears, heights), should not be understood as tracking abstract categories (e.g. danger). This renders most contemporary accounts of emotion implausible. We are left with two options: one may still continue to claim that emotions aim at tracking, even if they often fail; or one may abandon the Tracking Dogma in favor of a non-representational view.


For radiation hazard estimation it is convenient to characterise retention of inhaled particles in the lung as a sum of exponentials representing clearance from different regions of the normal lung. When mucociliary transport is impaired, this characterisation may work less well. Subjects with impaired mucociliary clearance and mucus hypersecretion clear particles partly by the back-up lung defence mechanism of cough. This study aims to describe and model clearance by cough and also the underlying time-course of "non-cough" clearance of insoluble radiolabelled polystyrene particles over the first 24 h after inhalation. The model chosen was a simplified version of that proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection, (ICRP, 1994), with only three exponentially clearing compartments analogous to the bronchial, bronchiolar and alveolar-interstitial compartments of that model. The "alveolar interstitial" compartment was used to accommodate all the slow clearing compartments of the lung since the differences between them are negligible for this study. Most of these are effectively constant over the first 24 h. In addition we considered that a fraction of the other two compartments would be cleared exclusively by cough and could therefore be treated as a separate "cough compartment".


With the publication of the Welch Report, 1 every independent denominational seminary offering the doctorate in theology has been challenged to rethink the rationale, the relevance, even the raison d' être of such graduate programs for the years ahead. This is because Welch has persuasively described and vigorously advocated programs that are integral to rather than independent of the great research universities, that are conducted in a pluralistic rather than in a single confessional context, that are more closely connected to liberal arts than to professional studies, and that are more concerned with the broad range of religious phenomena than with the narrower range of Christian theology.


The computational methods of the radar target's glint are introduced in this paper. A prediction scheme of the glint is presented by evaluating the derivative of phase after the target's RCS is predicted in the SCTE system. Take a three-sphere target model for example, the predicted result of glint agrees with that one from the theoretic calculation, and shows that the SCTE prediction system can predict the target's glint accurately.


Isolated particles of a combination dry powder inhalation blend consisting of a lactose carrier and two Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) are imaged by a global illumination Raman instrument. The imaged APIs individually adhere on the surface of large particles of lactose or appear as aggregates of smaller particles. This is probably the first Raman report describing the visualization of API particles on the surface of lactose carriers and also on the use of the global illumination Raman imaging platform on a dry powder inhalation blend. Two methods of dispersing particles for imaging are described: using a particle sizing instrument (mechanical dispersion), which achieves high dispersion, or manually (lightly) dispersing the powder with a spatula so as to minimize the perturbation of the API deposits. Both APIs are clearly identified in the chemical images although the key band of one of them interferes with the bands of lactose which negatively affects the background of the corresponding images. The method of dispersion is found to have a profound effect on the API deposits because the mechanical dispersion leads to complete separation of lactose and API particles previously adhered to its surface. The results presented here reveal the significant potential of this imaging hardware for fast and reliable visualization of the inhalation blends.


We present low-resolution ultraviolet spectra of the QSO 09149-6206 (z=0.057) obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer. The spectrum shows strong emission lines of Ly α, C IV, C III], Mg II and Fe II. The Fe II blend centered at 2080 A is unusually strong; this may be a consequence of overcorrection for the 2175 A silicate feature in the reddening curve. Absorption features from the Milky Way are clearly present. There is no evidence for further absorption features due to objects beyond our Galaxy and in the foreground of the QSO.


In longitudinal surveys where survey respondents miss one or more interviews, retrospective data for the missed interviews can be gathered at later interviews. Many people, however, have questioned the value of collecting retrospective data for missed interviews because the longer reference period can introduce response bias arising from recall lapse. A missing interview section was introduced into the SIPP questionnaire as a potential tool for improving longitudinal imputation and noninterview adjustment. Based on the examination of data from the missing interview section for one wave of interviewing, the missing wave form was dropped from the SIPP questionnaire. This paper provides results of the analysis which indicate that imputation and noninterview adjustment procedures using missing wave data would not likely provide significant improvement over other imputation and noninterview adjustment procedures. In particular, imputation and noninterview adjustment procedures that utilize prior and post waves of collected data should be comparable. Section II of this paper offers a brief description of the SIPP 1984 panel sample design and its terminology. Background discussion of weighting and imputation alternatives for missing interviews and the use of missing wave data in weighting and imputation is given in section III. Section IV describes the methodology the missing wave analysis employed, section V describes the results of data analysis, and section VI contains conclusions as to the usefulness of missing wave data to the SIPP.


The present study reports the indoor radon levels in the ambience of some residences in Jinddistrict, Haryana. Assessment of absorbed dose due to inhalation of these radioactive gases is critical as a high dose of such gases is hazardous to human health. Pinhole dosimeters with LR-115 solid-state nuclear track detectors were suspended in 50 dwellings for passive measurement of indoor radon and thoron gas. Direct radon/thoron progeny sensors were also attached with dosimeters for equivalent equilibrium radon/thoron concentration measurements. This study calculates the annual absorbed ingestion dose from indoor radon/thoron concentration. From the results, it can be concluded that the absorbed doses are within the permissible limit. The average radon concentration is also below the ICRP recommendations of 200 Bq/m 3 - 300 Bq/m 3 .


piece of canvas tacked to the upper part of the screen and hanging down loose against it. Only a few inches separated the stalk and the canvas. The female oriole began the nest by attaching yucca fibers to the stalk and working the other ends of the material through a small hole of about •/{ inch existing in the canvas. As I was afraid the canvas would separate from the screen, I tacked the top down more securely. This did not disturb the female, as she continued to work on the nest soon after I had left. On June 9, only a few more strands of fiber had been added; but by June 11, the nest was the shape of a shallow basket. By June 16, the nest was nearly completed, except for the lining. On June 17, the female was seen working on the lining of the nest. The lining consisted of horse hair and other unidentified hair. On June 23, the nest contained 3 eggs, and on the morning of June 25, there were 4 eggs. The male was seen at the nest but not observed bringing nesting material. Apparently the female built the entire nest. The nest was about 8 feet from the ground. It seems strange that the pair used this location, as there was a big cottonwood and other trees close to the house that they might have used as a nest site. On June 22, two pairs of Hooded Orioles and their semi-pensile, basket-shaped nests were observed in cottonwoods at the Sala ranch house in Granite Springs Canyon. Unfortunately I left the area soon after the eggs were laid, so I could not follow the completion of this nesting. The Hooded Oriole is the western oriole most likely to be found near houses. In southern California it has been reported nesting in ornamental palms and banana plants (Huey, Condor 46: 298, 1944; Ewan, Condor, 46: 205, 1944), but I have found no account of a nest attached to a building.--Jor• J. STo•'Hx,•T, g612 Maplewood Ave., Toledo 10, Ohio.


Unfortunately for the textual criticism of the Alexander Romance in Armenian version, most of the codices, with notable exceptions, date from the 16 th -18 th centuries and consequently reflect a long transmission marked by scribal error and secondary readings. In recent years attention has been drawn to the oldest extant witness, Ms. 10151 (13 th century) of the Matenadaran in Erevan. Since the other witnesses to the recension (Text B) it represents evince its acephalous and incomplete textual state, it has been regarded as the archetype from which all the others directly or indirectly derive. Moreover, since its chronological precedence was considered indicative of textual priority, it has been judged closest to the original translation.


Stress Biomarkers in Soccer - Part 2: Dosage of Oxidative Stress Blood Levels. The dissemination of scientific methods has always been a great dilemmas in applied research. The information tend to be brief, since the consensus is that a sector of the scientific community share the same knowhow. However, it is normal for early stage researchers in contact with methodological procedures as diverse area of Biochemistry of Exercise may have difficulties in understanding and implementation of specific analyzes. The objective of this paper is to present theoretical arguments about the importance of oxidative stress in the onset phase of overreaching (metabolic stress) in soccer, as well as detail the steps for analysis of important biomarkers of stress in this category.


The interest in "morphing" structures that can undergo drastic shape changes has steadily grown in recent years. This paper considers a particular type of morphing structure that can exhibit significant modulus change, enabling the deformation to occur with low applied forces (and low stress in the material). Specifically, shape memory polymer is used as the enabling material, and it is transitioned from hard to soft to allow deformation, then returned to its hard state after deformation to carry structural loads. Given the large deformations of these types of structures, conventional linear mechanics models are not adequate to predict the behavior or to be used as design tools. This paper explores the use of quasi-static three-dimensional nonlinear finite element modeling to study the force deformation behavior of a morphing link. The modeling approach for the morphing process is shown to produce results that are representative of experimental observations. In addition, capabilities are explored to use the numerical methods to study the potential of partial transitioning of the link, in which only a portion of the shape memory polymer material is transitioned. By transitioning only a portion of the link, the power and transition time can be reduced without compromising the applied forces or final shape, and the functionality of the link can be increased as well. The results point to the nonlinear modeling as a promising tool for optimizing the design and operation of morphing structures.


The article presents e-actions undertaken by the Social Security Institution ( Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych , ZUS) — a state-owned institution that accomplishes tasks determined by the law. The aim of this study is to present current e-services offered by ZUS as well as to analyse the influence of the aforementioned services on the image of this institution, which lays great emphasis in its vision and mission statement on customer care and also building trust in this institution. Actions taken by ZUS permit a claim that ZUS is prepared to support customers remotely. The institution responds to signals sent from society and addresses customers' needs by implementing modern communication techniques as well as by educating and popularizing knowledge of social insurance. Critical analyses and results of the statistical research made available by the ZUS Customer Service Department were used in the writing of this article.


Research aims to produce a storybook containing ecoliteracy education for elementary school students of good quality in terms of the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of a product. This type of research is Research and Development with the ADDIE model. The instruments used were validation questionnaires, observations, teacher response questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. The results of this study indicate that the validation of interactive storybooks for ecoliteracy learning gets an average coefficient of validation from the validator, which is very valid qualifications. The practicality of loading the teacher's response questionnaire gets a percentage of 97%, the results of teacher and student observations get a percentage of 91% and 94%. The effectiveness based on giving pretest and posttest to students amounted to 30 students in grade 1 and 30 students in grade 2 with an average pretest result of 74, while the average posttest was 90.8. The result indicates that there is a significant difference in the learning outcomes of early grade elementary school students using interactive story books. Based on the validation of the instrument and the recapitulation of the questionnaire filled in by the teacher, it can be stated that the quality of the interactive storybooks developed are very valid, practical and effective for use in learning. This interactive storybook can help early grade elementary school teachers in growing interest in reading related to ecoliteracy learning so that students' awareness of caring for and caring for the surrounding environment can be carried out from an early age.


Using administrative records of home mortgages in Beijing, we show that dual-income households systematically choose to buy homes that are closer to the wife's workplace. The wife's commute from the newly purchased home is on average 11% shorter by distance than the husband's. We estimate a discrete home location choice model and find that households derive substantially larger disutility from the wife's commute than from the husband's. Through the lens of a simple collective household model, we show evidence that the gender commute gap reflects the intra-household division of labor and relative bargaining power.


In a scientific/academic environment, one may find the need to represent chemical formulas and draw chemical structures. This can be easily reached and integrated directly in a document by taking advantage of the beauty of TEX output and its logical construction! There are many commercial applications that are extensively used by chemists to produce graphics that can be included in a TEX document using standard external graphics macros. CTAN contains a number of free macro packages aimed at writing chemical formulas, drawing reaction arrows, numbering reactions and even drawing structures such as bpchem, chemarrow, chemcompounds, chemcono, chemsym, mhchem, and others. One of the most sophisticated packages is XyMTEX written by Shinsako Fujita, available from the XyMTeX homepage.


"Had austerity been run like a drug trial, it would have been discontinued, given evidence of its deadly side effects." So says the political economist David Stuckler about the toll the debt crisis is taking on Europe's health. As Sophie Arie reports this week (doi:10.1136/bmj.3773), while governments in Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Ireland implement the most drastic austerity measures, suicide rates have doubled, and mental health problems and drug and alcohol problems have increased. "Malaria has reappeared in Greece for the first time since the 1970s after mosquito spraying programmes were cut," she writes. There is also evidence of a rise in infant mortality since 2008 after a long fall, and …


Thispaperpresents a paralleled Two-Pass Hexagonal (TPA)algorithm constituted byLinear Hashtable MotionEstimation Algorithm (LHMEA)andHexagonal Search (HEXBS)formotion estimation. IntheTPA,Motion Vectors (MV)aregenerated fromthefirst-pass LHMEA and areusedaspredictors forsecond-pass HEXBS motion estimation, whichonlysearches a smallnumberof Macroblocks (MBs).We introduced hashtable intovideo processing and completed parallel implementation. We propose andevaluate parallel implementations oftheLHMEA ofTPA on clusters ofworkstations forrealtimevideo compression. Itdiscusses howparallel videocoding onload balanced multiprocessor systems canhelp,especially on motion estimation. Theeffect ofloadbalancing forimproved performance isdiscussed. Theperformance ofthealgorithm is evaluated byusing standard video sequences andtheresults arecompared tocurrent algorithms.


Magnetic defects on the surface of magnetic disks, unlike normal topological defects, are difficult to detect because they are solely due to magnetic signal loss as seen by the MR element and often do not have any obvious topological features. Defects without any topological features usually render conventional defect finding techniques such as visual inspection, optical microscopy, and SEM useless. In the past, the painstaking way of locating the defect was to index the drive with a strobe light and followed with ferrofluid decoration of the surface to determine the location of the defect. The disadvantage is that the magnetic particles in the decoration technique can often confound the origin of the defect. Furthermore, the old technique does not have high enough resolution to locate defect with a size on the order of a micrometer. In this work, we describe how a magnetic marking technique (MMT) is utilized to circumscribe the magnetic defects. The markers are written in such a way that both the defect and the magnetic markers are easily detected using a Kerr-channel optical surface analyzer and magnetic force microscope. Typically, the accuracy of locating the defect using the MMT is within a track-pitch radially and within one data sector circumferentially. The new scheme provides at least one order of magnitude improvement in detection resolution over the old technique.


Meteors ablation is a source of dust particles in the upper atmosphere. The remnants of meteor ablation that prevail in the mesosphere condense to nm-sized particles, denoted as Meteoric Smoke Particles (MSPs). Theory suggests that MSPs act as condensation nuclei for ice particles in the summer mesosphere, which form during summer months around the mesopause at high and mid latitudes. The MSP and the ice particles are related to mesospheric phenomena such as the Noctilucent Clouds, Polar Mesospheric Summer and Winter Echoes (PMSE/PMWE). However, due to their altitude location, the only means of in situ measurement is with rocket experiments. There have been several attempts over the years to collect MSPs with probes on rockets, but no conclusive results have been reported so far. Most attempts aimed to collect MSPs directly. UiT have proposed a new sample collector, the MEteoric Smoke Sampler (MESS) (Havnes et al. 2015). The instrument is designed to collect large ice particles, since the airflow conditions at the rocket payload affect them less than smaller MSPs. After evaporation of the ice component, the refractory MSPs that are contained in the ice remain on the collections surface. We report on the progress of the work that has focused on the design of the detector and simulation of the entry and impact of dust onto the detector. Estimations of the collection efficiency of the instrument and the impact energy at the collecting area are presented. If we target sampling of PMC particles based on a recent model by Kiliani et al. With the discussed instrument design and its dimensions given in the presentation we expect to be able to collect and bring back to the laboratory of the order of 1014 to 1015 amu of refractory MSP particles. The estimate basis on the assumption that the ice component are melting and the flow conditions in the instruments are for typical atmospheric pressures at 85 km. We point out we had an erroneous estimate in the abstract. • The MESS collection instrument consists of collection area with a funnel in front. The idea is to collect as much dust as possible. The instrument is designed to be located on the top deck of the rocket payload so that dust particles in the atmosphere reach the instrument as part of the airflow. • The air flow slows down and air density increases in the vicinity of the rocket and in the instrument. • Drag force on the dust particles changes their trajectory. Dust particles that hit the funnel fragment and some of the fragments reach the collection area. • Closing mechanism require a small collection area, while at the same time we want to collect as much dust as possible. This can be facilitated by using a funnel. Instrument design r0 = 0.9 cm ra = 2.5 cm


summary t ick-borne diseases are a group of diseases whose treatment has raised some controversy because of the conflict of opinions on therapeutic methods. Guidelines for the treatment of Lyme disease and co-infections have been developed by different groups of experts, most popular of which are idsa and iLads groups. their treatment regimens primarily differ in terms of duration of treatment: idsa proposes short-term treatment, undermined by iLads, suggesting no effectiveness and preferring duration of treatment up to several years. in both cases, treatment is associated with the intake of antibiotics that reduce the body's natural defense mechanisms and cause fungal infections. therefore, in order to prevent negative effects of antibiotics, natural methods and diet shall be used. Lyme diet is a diet above all, antifungal, and methods based on natural herbal medicine. these methods are often undervalued and taken lightly as an "obsolete invention" of our ancestors. meanwhile, they prove to be highly effective and contribute to the total eradication of Lyme disease which, treated with antibiotics only, can last for years taking a latent form to come back after a time. this article provides an overview of treatments for Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases using medicinal plants and diet.


1. Introduction: The Origins of the Khalsa 2. Early Narratives of the Last Guru and the Creation of the Khalsa 3. (Re)making the Khalsa, 1708-48 4. The Making of a Sikh Sardar: Two Jassa Singhs and the Place of Sikhs in the Eighteenth-Century Military Labor Market 5. Rereading Alha Singh: Rebel, Raja, and Sikh Sardar 6. From Peasant Soldier to Elite Warrior: Raiding, Honor Feuds, and the Transformation of Khalsa Identity 7. Devotion and Its Discontents: The Affective Communities of Gurbilas Texts 8. Conclusion Glossary Bibliography Index


We perform a comprehensive study of the effects related to a heavy-quark threshold in the production and decay of a scalar or pseudoscalar Higgs particle. We study the QCD corrections to the decay mode into a quark-antiquark pair and also the mixing of a Higgs boson with quarkonium states, both below and above the open-flavor threshold, which can change the properties of the Higgs boson drastically. Numerical results for a Higgs boson of mass around 10 GeV, where the mixing with {ital b{ital b}} states has a great influence on the decay widths and branching ratios, are worked out in detail for the cases of the standard model and minimal supersymmetry. The production cross section of a Higgs particle can also be enhanced by mixing with a quarkonium. A possibility to search for a Higgs boson in the 10-GeV mass range via {tau}{sup +}{tau}{sup {minus}} decays in fixed-target {ital pp} experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron or Serpukhov UNK is suggested, and ways to enhance the signal-to-background ratio are discussed.


With use of three-prong tau decays observed by the Mark II detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (PEP), the tau lifetime is measured to be (4.6 +- 1.9) x 10/sup -13/ sec.


The finite difference time domain method is used to simulate the physical phenomenon of light interference.For its high-tightness,high complexity,optical experiments have some negative effects in the experimental teaching.Students often spend a larger effort to adjust the experiment instrument,and ultimately can not obtain the satisfactory experimental data,even more ultimate fulfillment with a mistake.To solve the problem numerical simulation method is adopted.There not only simulate the experimental phenomenon but also verify the theoretical formula of the experiment.When the students observe the phenomenon,can deeply understand the theoretical formula at the same time.Finally it produces good classroom effect.


Understanding user value creation is an important part of service design; however, creating value for users is rarely an easy task. Going beyond likes and dislikes into the motivations behind the use requires specific approaches and methods. The present paper, based on an online food store case study, shows how value creation can be predicted and what kind of determinants affect service design. We used a questionnaire, rapid prototypes, and a co-design workshop to retrieve user data and to develop the concepts. The goal of the study was to form design drivers for a functional prototype that would be evaluated in a real world context. The main determinants affecting the service design in our case were Design base, Concept/Product, Domain/Context, Users, Company, and Resources. Our findings suggest that the user value elements can be grasped using cost-efficient methods.


In CMOS ULSI circuits, chip size reduction through shrinking of design rules and device scaling place an increasing demand on tolerable limits of interconnection resistance. As the industry search for a better substitute, cobalt salicide was found distinctively promising. The temperature (450/spl sim/540/spl deg/C) of CoSi/sub 2/ formation is generally far lower than that (650/spl sim/750/spl deg/C) of TiSi/sub 2/ formation at the first anneal step. In this paper, a novel RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) low temperature (500/spl sim/540/spl deg/C) monitor method using thermal wave (TW) change concept has been developed. When a fixed thermal budget is applied, it produces a fixed thermal wave change. We described the linear relationship between RTP temperature and thermal wave change. For this study, we performed its coefficient can reach above 0.95 and excellent run-to-run repeatability (<1.1% for 1-/spl sigma/) can be achieved with optimized implant condition and RTP anneal recipe.


This paper aims to contribute to the literature with a case study on institutionalisation of public-service knowledge-networks. It stems from a four-year doctoral research dealing with institutionalisation processes (IPs) of institutionalised nursing homes in Latin American cities. The paper will first bring a theoretical background on profound social change through network formation for community building purposes. It will draw from Giddens' structuration model from the Barley and Tolbert (1997) perspectives. This will allow observing social capital construction and its role in building networks, organisations and institutions in emerging knowledge-oriented public service contexts. The paper will depict action-learning as the main methodological approach, using a practitioner-based qualitative analysis of institutional processes. Networks that include families, nursery shelters, funding and childcare entities amongst others, would be identified and expected to link with policy-makers and authorities, in order to consistently prevent the perverse effects of homelessness: violence, abuse and social exclusion in our cities.


The laminate of the present invention comprises a substrate (2), the substrate and the outer surface formed along the atomic layer deposition film (2) (4), high mechanical strength than the atomic layer deposition film (4) a laminate, characterized in that it comprises an overcoat layer covering the atomic layer deposition film (4) film and (5).