To treat, or not to treat: that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The uncertainties rendered by open case series, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by performing adequate trials end them? — —Modified from William Shakespeare's Hamlet (III, i)

At present, only intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) administered within 3 hours after symptom onset is proven to be effective for the treatment of acute stroke. Based on level I evidence from the NINDS trial and several meta-analyses, rt-PA has been approved in many countries around the world, including the USA, Canada, Australia, and most of Europe. A recent meta-analysis (Marler et al, Lancet 2004, in press) also demonstrates a significant effect of rt-PA in the 3- to 4.5-hour window, albeit that has not changed approval regulations. National and international committees and guidelines name IVT with rt-PA within the 3-hour time window as the first-line treatment of choice. In specific, the European Stroke Initiative (EUSI) states "intravenous rt-PA (0.9 mg/kg, maximum 90 mg), with 10% of the dose given as a bolus followed by an infusion lasting 60 minutes, is the recommended treatment within 3 hours of onset of ischemic stroke (level I)" and "the benefit from the use of intravenous rt-PA for …


Textile printing is the process of applying colored patterns and designs to all sorts of textile fabrics. The origin of the art dates back about 2000 years and credit for its discovery is given to both China and India. The present method of printing, known as cylinder or roller printing was invented and received its initial success about 1783–85. There are five methods used in textile printing, namely hand block printing, perritone or machine block printing, stenciling, flat surface printing from engraved copper plates, and cylinder printing from engraved copper rollers. Of the five, cylinder printing is the most modern and important. By this means almost any style of design on almost any fabric can be produced in from one to sixteen colors, and the output from such a machine compared to hand block printing is enormous. For example, the cylinder machine can readily print in 1½ minutes the same number of yards of cloth that would require 15 hours by the block method. The machine in its simplest form, viz.: a one-color machine, consists of a print roll or hollow copper cylinder upon which the pattern to be printed is engraved, a cast iron cylinder, the surface of which serves as a backing for the cloth to be printed, the furnisher or roll which carries the color to the print roll, the cleaning doctor which removes the surplus color from the print roll, and the color box which holds the color. The rolls are suitably mounted in. bearings so that the print roll surface is in contact with the cylinder, the cloth passing between the print roll and the cylinder. Color is supplied from the color box by the furnisher to the print roll which imparts it to the cloth. After printing the cloth is passed over dryers to dry the fresh color. The load on a printing machine consists of two parts, (a) constant load consisting of the dryers, guide roll and cloth conveyers, and (b) a variable load depending principally upon the class of goods to be printed, the length of and pressure used on the print rolls and the speed of the machine. The print roll pressure depends much upon the operator giving what in his estimation is the proper set for the rolls. This has been found to vary as much as 100 per cent for the same class of goods. A series of tests made on several machines each driven by a d-c. motor, in one plant printing cotton cloth 27 to 36 in. wide, gives the following results: Speed Variation: On machines ranging from four to nine colors a maximum machine speed range on any one machine was 4.82 to 1 with a maximum and minimum production for all machines of 84 to 1¼ yards per minute.


The method that abstract iodine from waste(waste water) in the course of producing phosphorus ore containing iodine was introduced in this paper.Iodic purity got to 95.5%.A feasible craft process was introduced by the experiment.


List of Illustrations Foreword B.Lockyer Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Acknowledgements Dance on Screen: A Contextual Framework Images of Dance in the Screen Media Video Dance: Televisualizing the Dancing Body Postmodern Dance Strategies on Television Hybrid Sites and Fluid Bodies Appendix Notes Bibliography Index


Introduction Placing a bare metal stent within the superficial femoral artery (SFA) can prolong vessel patency when compared with balloon angioplasty alone. Subsequent in-stent re-stenosis does occur in some individuals. In our institution, a surveillance programme to identify and treat 'clinically silent' stenoses has been running for two years and the purpose of this study was to evaluate this programme. Methods Retrospective review of cases was performed making note of indication for stenting, initial clinical outcome and the results of follow-up diagnostic and interventional radiological procedures. Results In total, 41 patients were included in the study. The majority (76%) had a good clinical outcome maintained during the first year at which stage a surveillance ultrasound was performed. Sixteen of these showed no evidence of significant in-stent stenosis or occlusion. Eleven of the remainder had 'clinically silent' in-stent stenosis. Nine of these had successful in-stent angioplasty. Ten (24%) patients became symptomatic within the first year. Ultrasound in seven of these patients revealed two in-stent occlusions, one in-stent re-stenosis and four with no significant findings. One patient went straight to have angiography, revealing in-stent re-stenosis. Conclusion Our surveillance programme has successfully identified and treated clinically silent in-stent stenoses in 22% of patients with an SFA stent who may have progressed to symptomatic stenosis or occlusion. Our results highlight the importance of ultrasound surveillance following stent placement. Based on only one asymptomatic patient experiencing stent occlusion at one year, and symptomatic stent problems occurring anywhere from six to 193 days, we consider that one year surveillance is acceptable.


The purpose of this study is to establish the mechanized working system of simultaneously planted Barley and Taro cultivation in Autumn on a practical scale, and to evaluate an effect on saving of the fuel consumption.The results obtained are as follows;1. The cultivation system of combined Barley and Taro by simultaneous planting were established without having a bad influence on the growth of both crops.2. In the simultaneously planted Barley and Taro cultivation system, the machine working hours in test fields were ranged from 5.26 to 5.40hr/10a and the working hours were ranged from 24.20 to 27.14man·hr/10a. Fuel consumption were ranged from 11.53 to 11.83l/10a.3. In the control test plot (Taro cultivation after barley harvesting), the machine working hours was 7.31hr/10a, the working hours was 23.18man·hr/10a and fuel consumption was 16.46l/10a.4. Fuel consumption of simultanseously planted Barley-Taro cultivation was lesser than that of the control test plot (Barley-Taro cultivation).5. It was found that the production of carbon dioxide of new cultivation system (simultaneously planted Barley and Taro cultivation) was 30% less than that of control test plot.6. It was shown that the techniques, developed indivividual working researches, could be applicable to simultaneously planted Barley-Taro cultivation on practical scale.


According to the first embodiment of the invention, an elevator position detection device (1) is provided with a first position detection device (16) and a second position detection device (17). The first position detection device (16) can be used to detect the position of a cabin (4) and is provided with first detection parts (21, 22) disposed on the cabin (4) and a second detection part disposed on an elevating channel (3). The second position detection device (17) is provided with a third detection part fixedly disposed on the cabin (4) and a fourth detection part disposed in the elevating channel (3), besides, the second position detection device (17) is independent from the first position detection device (16) to detect the position of the cabin (4). The second detection part is fixedly disposed on guide rails (6, 7) or the inner wall (3a) of the elevating channel (3). The fourth detection part is fixedly disposed on the second detection part, which is supported by the fourth detection part in the elevating channel (3).


There is a dearth of base-stable reference electrodes that are suitable for use by students in a teaching laboratory or undergraduate research context. To remedy this, we have developed a technique to produce reference electrodes suitable for alkaline environments. By utilizing components of a commercially available alkaline-type battery, an engineered MnO2/MnO(OH) cathode that is both stable and reproducible is readily obtained. The electrode potentials are quite stable with respect to time and depend on the state of charge of the battery used to make the electrode. The assembly and use of such reference electrodes easily lends itself to introductory electrochemistry lab experiments at a fraction of the cost of traditional electrodes.


High-voltage InGaAs-InAlAs HEMTs featuring optimized field-plate structures are being developed. A TCAD approach has been adopted for their design. Two-dimensional device simulations have preliminarily been calibrated by comparison with DC and RF measurements from the baseline InP HEMT technology into which the field plate is being incorporated. Simulations have then been used to design field-plate structures with optimal length and passivation thickness.


Power relations is a social structure of society that has a diverse pattern of relationships within a society that can interact with each other according to certain relationship patterns. The power relation creates interdependence between various parties starting from those who hold power and those who are the object of power. This research is located in the Village District of Pringgasela District with research subjects investors, vegetable farmers and rural communities, how power relations between investors and vegetable farmers in agricultural management. Subject determination technique by purposive sampling. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. With data analysis using qualitative. The results showed that the power relations that occurred between investors and vegetable farmers were indeed true because in the management of agriculture the position of the farmers was greatly disadvantaged while the farmers depended on investors. While the positive impact is interdependence in life. The negative impact is that vegetable farmers do not have power over investors because investors here have full power over vegetable farmers.


Introduction We explore different probabilistic language models for piecing together jumbled email conversations. We explore the smoothing techniques of absolute discounting, Katz backoff, and Kenyser-Ney for unigram, bigram, and trigram models. In the proceeding sections, we discuss the mathematical justifications for these smoothing techniques, present the results, and evaluate our language modeling methods. We also present our recommendation of the optimal smoothing methods to use for this application.


*Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Departments of †Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences and **Cell and Tissue Biology, and Programs in Cell Biology and Development, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143; ‡Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; §Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; and ¶Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080


Traditional polyolefin separators used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are seriously limited by the issues of inferior security and poor electrolyte wettability. Most of the very promising candidat...


Based on characteristic of silicon microwaves, a new method of pneumatic pressure control is presented. A pneumatic pressure control system based on silicon micro valves is designed. The sensor electric circuit and control electric circuit is designed too. The little stream and low pressure control problem has been solved well. The pressure range is 0~110kPa, its accuracy is 0.1% FS, the stability of pressure control is 0.01%. This pressure controller can be widely used in calibration of analog or digital pressure gauge and aerial atmosphere instruments.


Combined with established line reconstruction of electrified railway,the author analyzes characteristics of contact line construction,introduces problems easily appeared in the construction,sets up countermeasures,discusses the procedure of contact line construction in established line,summarizes on-site pile delivery,and proposes basic conditions and principles to set up and optimize construction scheme according to practical on-site condition.


The employment problem of college students is the key of the work of colleges and universities. One of the reasons of employment difficulty is the severe employment situation at present,another reason is that the college students' own professional quality is not high enough. Through analysing the present situation and reasons of college students' employment difficulty, this paper supports the guidance role, bridge role, incentive role and supporting role of which the vocational guidance work has played in university students' employment. And these all are fully reflecting the importance of the work of career guidance in colleges and universities.


T h e molecular requirement to be a gene (a master of inheritance) is very exact. Unless affected by a mutation, each inherited trait perpetuates itself through many, many generations of individuals. T h e n~olecule which is a gene must have a unique property, so that the exact replica of itself can be made before each ccll division. W e now know that because of thc inherent complementality that exists between the two pairs of bases, adenine and thymine as well as guanine and cytosine, in replication each uncoupled strand of the D N A double helix can serve as a template for recreating a missing strand complementary to itself. Indeed, D N A is the master of inheritance, and, in reality, each structural genc is a stretch of base sequence which comprises a part of the D N A strand. Although D N A replicates in an extremelv conservative manner, mistakes do occur and rcsult in changes in the base sequence of a cistron. Since evolution is the consequence of gcnetic changcs and not of conservation, the accurate estimation of the spontaneous mutation rate is of the utmost importance in understanding evolution.


A model-based estimator design and implementation is described in this paper to undertake combined estimation of vehicle states and tire-road friction coefficients. The estimator is designed based on a vehicle model with three degrees of freedom (3-DOF) and the dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) technique is employed. Effectiveness of the estimation is examined and validated by comparing the outputs of the estimator with the responses of the vehicle model in CarSim in three typical road adhesion conditions (high-friction, low-friction, and joint-friction roads). Simulation results demonstrate that the DEKF estimator algorithm designed is able to obtain vehicle states (e.g., yaw rate and roll angle) as well as road friction coefficients with reasonable accuracy.


Part I Structure-Based Theories of War 1. System structure, decision processes, and the incidence of international war 2. Long cycles and global war 3. Heirachical equilibria and the long-run instability of multipolar systems 4. Power cycle theory of systems structure and stability: commonalities and complementaries 5. The logic and study of the diffusion of international conflict Part II Minimally Dyadic Theories of War 6. The contribution of expected-utility theory to the study of international conflict 7. The power transition: A retrospective and prospective evaluation 8. Arms races, the conflict spiral, the onset of war 9. Richarsonian arms race models Part III State-centered theories of war 10. Public opinion and national security policy: relationships and impacts 11. The diversionary theory of war: a critique 12. Lateral pressure in international relations


Solar wind data obtained with plasma experiment on the Prognoz 7 satellite have been reanalyzed to study the dependence of α particle and proton differential flow on both proton velocity Vp and the type of solar wind stream. It is found that velocity difference, ΔV = |Vα| − |Vp|, increases with increasing Vp in streams from coronal holes and decreases in high-velocity streams behind interplanetary shocks and in coronal mass ejections. Thus the Prognoz 7 data do not contradict the results of earlier papers and confirm the conclusion that at 1 AU there is strong differential streaming in fast streams from coronal holes but not in fast streams from coronal mass ejections.


Pulsed neutron logging of salinity-independent carbon/oxygen (C/O) mode typically requires slow logging speed (e.g., 2 feet per minute (ft/min)) and multiple passes, and it has always been a concern in the upstream rig operations because of the rig time involved, which translates to higher costs for operators.
 Reservoir fluid volumes, properties, and contacts change over time in cased wells, such as in the Niger Delta oilfields, produced for over four decades. Time-lapse C/O logging is required in this freshwater environment to determine two-phase saturations and fluid contacts, evaluate fluid dynamics, and identify bypassed oil zones. Due to the higher cost of C/O logging campaigns than pulsed neutron capture (PNC) logging campaigns, it is imperative to consider faster C/O logging speed, hence the advent of an improved pulsed neutron technology capable of logging three times faster than previous tools.
 The critical properties of the improved pulsed neutron technology are the lanthanum bromide (LaBr3) material chosen for the detector section due to its high density and resolution characteristics, higher pulsed neutron source output, this capable of producing two times the neutrons produced by previous generation tools, and the new digital electronics system capable of processing the increased gamma-ray count rate. The new instrument allows three times faster logging when multiple passes are recommended or improved precision at legacy logging speeds. Indeed, one pass of the new tool at 2 ft/min is equivalent to three passes of the legacy tool at 2 ft/min.
 Recent papers (Nardiello et al., 2022; Kim et al., 2023) described the comparison demonstrating that the upgraded, faster technology provided the same data precision and saturation interpretation as the slower, legacy technology, achieving considerable time reduction in logging operations. This paper intends to present an example of the Niger Delta field's C/O data logged with the new tool at 6 ft/min and a formation saturation analysis case study. The saturation analysis result identified a watered-out sand due to offset well production (or a formation water-oil contact change).


Abstract A questionnaire containing measures of physical and psychological symptoms and social support was completed by 142 MSW students. Students were grouped into three categories: Full-time students with no job, full-time students with part-time jobs, and part-time students with full-time jobs. Full-time students with part-time jobs reported more symptoms than full-time students with no jobs, a finding interpreted as consistent with a demands/resources analysis of stress. The latter group did not differ from part-time students with full-time jobs, despite the difference in number of roles held. Analysis controlling for associated variables indicated that it was the specific combination of full-time student and part-time work, not the total number of roles occupied, that was associated with higher distress. Evidence for a "buffering" effect of social support was found only for this high distress group. Results are discussed in terms of recent formulations concerning stress and multiple role occupancy, a...


An engageable coupling with a roller freewheel has a pair of rollers (7 and 8) fitted between a ramp-shaped clamping track (6) of an inner component (3) and a smooth cylindrical clamping track (2) of an outer ring (1), whereby the individual rollers (7 and 8) have a compression spring (9) between them which prestresses each roller (7 or 8) towards the end of the ramp-shaped clamping track (2). It is thus possible to transfer a torque between the inner component (3) and the outer ring (1). The coupling can be disengaged because one of the two rollers (7 or 8) can be moved by adjusters (11) against the force of the compression spring (9). The intention is to provide a high torque capacity with a uniform load distribution on the clamping tracks (2 and 6) in such an engageable coupling and to make for compact construction. To this end, there are to be at least three pairs of rollers (7 and 8) evenly spaced around the circumference of the outer ring (1), and the control disc (10) and the inner component (3) are to be carried together in the outer ring (1).


Educational environments are a particular area in which Living Lab principles can be applied to form co-creation environments. This paper presents a report on the design of such a pseudo-Living Lab, which was designed and created using a Living Lab factory framework approach. The subsequent model was used in the establishment and rollout of the so-called CAT Schools Project in the greater Soshanguve and Ga-Rankuwa areas in Gauteng, South Africa. The main aim of this project is to increase the current number of learners that pass CAT on a Grade 12 level in the specified areas. Computer labs were created at eight schools through the collaborative efforts of the staff and students of the faculties and directorates of TUT, as well as the industry sponsors and officials from the Department of Basic Education. Services are delivered by the staff and students of TUT and by technicians from the industry sponsors to maintain the computer centres and to train and support the CAT teachers. The paper discusses the roles of each player in the Living Lab to ensure success. The paper also provides key success factors and outlines the potential impact of the project.


This chapter discusses intervention strategies for intrastate violence with emphasis on preventing and mitigating cycles of organized violence. We distinguish three phases of a cycle of violence (intergroup conflict, organized violence, and postviolence), discuss characteristics of each phase, and suggest peace intervention strategies that are particularly well suited for each phase. When discussing the limitations of our perspective and future research directions, we point to the narrow focus of research and practice on peace interventions aimed at promoting the absence of organized violence (i.e., negative peace) without concomitant efforts to promote social justice (i.e., positive peace) and sustainable development. We maintain that durable forms of peace require the application of both negative and positive peace interventions.


Intestinal lymphomas can rarely present as abdominal catastrophes with perforation or small bowel obstruction. There is little data regarding their optimal surgical management and associated outcomes. We aimed to systematically review relevant published literature to assess optimal surgical approach and post-operative outcomes.

 A systematic on-line literature search of Embase and Medline identified 1485 articles of which 34 relevant studies were selected, including 7 retrospective studies, 1 case series and 26 case reports. Selected articles were assessed by two reviewers to extract relevant data.

 95 patients with abdominal catastrophes secondary to lymphoma (predominately Burkitt (28%) and Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma (29%)) were identified with a median age of 52 years, 40% female. The most common presentation was perforation in 69% of patients compared to obstruction (28%) and ischaemia (2%). The most common site of perforation was the ileum (32%), followed by the jejunum (27%). Small bowel resection and primary anastomosis (76%) was the most common procedure performed followed by ileocolic resection (11%), primary repair (4%) and defunctioning stoma (3%). Of those receiving small bowel resection 25% (n=18) suffered post-operative complications with a 30-day mortality of 13.8% (n=10). This compared favourably to those receiving ileocolonic resections (27% complications 18% mortality) or primary repair (25% complications and 25% mortality). Median follow-up was 8 days (range 1-96).

 Abdominal catastrophes secondary to intestinal lymphomas are most commonly present with perforation. If suitable intra-operatively, small bowel resection offers the most favourable short-term outcomes with the lowest levels of morbidity and 30-day mortality.


This study aimed to assess the thermal comfort trend using a metrological parameter based on the Summer Simmer Index (SSI), for different climates of Iran between 1985 and 2014.

 This is a Time-series study. The new SSI was calculated using metrological data in a 30 year- period for illustrating the changes to the thermal comfort or discomfort level through summer months in different climates of Iran. Mann- Kendall test and Sen's Slope were used to compare the upward or downward trend of the index during this period.

 The worst thermal condition was observed in the southern and central regions of the country. A few stations were put in comfort zone (77≤SSI<83°F). The fluctuations of SSI were not considerable during the study period (P<0.001). However, a commonly upward trend was observed, indicating rising temperature. This initial assessment, which can be reported daily along with other atmospheric parameters at meteorological stations, could play a significant role in reducing the heat-related complications among exposed individuals and a basis for taking appropriate protective measures.

 Based on the results obtained in this study, which has been investigated in Iran for a long period of time, considering intrinsic features of the SSI index, such as ease of calculation and interpretation and also the possibility of calculating the index using daily reported meteorological data, the use of SSI as a screening index of thermal stress in order to adopt preventive policies in outdoor settings in climates of Iran is recommended.


The prediction of a realistic lifetime and the prolongation of the service life of a structure is an important task to reduce costs of civil engineering structures. The usual theoretical predictions are not very reliable. The prediction model used consists of a load model, a system‐transfer model and a damage model. The results of these sequentially coupled models are usually unreliable, especially the influence of the uncertain load and damage models controls the reliability of the result. A method based on monitoring strategies is presented, which avoids these problems. Expected trends of future traffic are considered. If the remaining life time of existing structures should be assessed, information about the strain time history of the past is needed. It is shown how these data can be generated taking into account the estimated statistics of the load in the past, the dynamic behaviour and the bumpiness of the road. Synthetic time series of the local strains are generated which include the real statistics of the process and cluster effects induced by truck convoys.


Abstract It has become common to speak of health security, but the meaning of the latter is often taken for granted. Existing engagements with this notion have been constrained by an excessive focus on national security and on the securitising efforts of elites. This has led to an increasingly sceptical outlook on the potentialities of security for making sense of, and helping to tackle, health problems. Inspired by the idea of security as emancipation, this article reconsiders the notion of health security. It takes as its starting point the concrete insecurities experienced by individuals, and engages with them by way of an analytical framework centred on the notion of domination. Domination deepens analysis by connecting individual experiences of insecurity, the social interactions through which these are given meaning, and the structures that make them possible. Domination also broadens the remit of analysis, shedding light on the multifaceted nature of insecurity. The analytical benefits of this framework are demonstrated by two examples: HIV/AIDS; and water and sanitation. The lens of domination is also shown to bring benefits for the political engagement with global health problems.


Non-sequential double ionization (NSDI) using phase-stabilised few-cycle laser pulses is investigated. We report differential measurements of Ar ++ ion momentum distributions. They show a strong dependence on the carrier-envelope (CE) phase. Via control over the CE phase one is able to direct the NSDI dynamics. Data analysis through a classical model calculation reveals that the influence of the optical phase enters via: (1) the cycle-dependent electric field ionization rate, (2) the electron recollision time and (3) the accessible phase space for inelastic collisions. Our model indicates that the combination of these effects allows a look into single-cycle dynamics already for few-cycle pulses.


: It is essential to understand the impact of human activities on ecosystems by analysing the relationship between vegetation phenology and urbanization. In this study, the vegetation phenology of Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, China was extracted using a dynamic threshold method based on two vegetation indexes from MODIS in recent 20 years, and the response of vegetation phenology to urbanization in Hohhot City from 2001 to 2020 was investigated using the urbanization index. We found that the start of growing season (SOS) of forests and shrubs occurred earlier (132 days), and the end of growing season (EOS) also occurred earlier (265 days). The later SOS was in crops (168 days), and the later EOS was in grasslands (275 days), indicating that both SOS and EOS of woody plants were earlier than those of herbaceous plants in the study area. The phenological change rate of urban vegetation was 4.1 days earlier and 0.7 days later per decade in SOS and EOS, respectively. In addition, we explored the response of vegetation phenology to urbanization in Hohhot City, using the urban ratio and information about urban-rural gradients (concentric rings from the urban core to surrounding rural areas) as the urbanization indicators. We found that SOS was advanced with an increase in urban ratio, whereas EOS exhibited the opposite trend. From the perspective of the urban-rural gradient within a certain distance, SOS fluctuated, whereas EOS decreased at a distance from urban centres. That is, the farther away from the city center, the later SOS and the earlier EOS. In conclusion, different urbanization indicators reflect the nonlinear response of vegetation phenology to


The main features of Li Gou′s management idea are to stress on masses and on harmony.Those of the western management theory are to stress on individuals and to mobilize their enthusiasm and creation.Comparison has also been made between the east and the west modern management ideas concerning their features and differences.The east management idea has been affected by the Confucian school,and the Japanese model is superior to the European and American model.Li′s management idea is of great significance in China′s modernization


Background : the use of laser in the surgical treatment of periodontopathies is an effective therapeutic option. Objective : to characterize the results in the use of laser therapy during the surgical technique of the Kirkland flap in patients with adult chronic periodontitis of the moderate and severe types, treated from September 2017 to May 2019 at the "October 3" Dental Clinic. Methods : a prospective longitudinal descriptive study was performed with the aforementioned patients, at the institution and during the period herein stated. The sample consisted of 80 patients with adult chronic periodontitis of the moderate and severe types, to whom laser was applied during the surgical technique of the Kirkland flap. Treatment response variables were measured in 905 teeth. Results : the severe form of the disease prevailed (66,25 %). Patients with moderate periodontitis did not report pain seven days after the technique was applied; at six months, dental mobility decreased in 95,38 % of the cases and bone regeneration was observed in 31,38 %; at one year, the pocket depth decreased in 86,15 % of the teeth. In patients with severe periodontitis the pocket depth decreased in 77,5 % of the teeth, dental mobility in 67,2 % of the cases, and 4,31 % showed bone regeneration. None of the cases showed complications. Conclusions : the combination of laser and the Kirkland technique showed satisfactory results in terms of pain relief, decreased pocket depth and dental mobility, not so for bone regeneration.


Therapeutic Considerations in Managing Diabetic Sensorimotor Neuropathy. The term diabetic sensorimotor neuropathy comprises a heterogeneous complex of symptoms caused by a diabetes-related damage to the peripheral nervous system. Up to 50 % of diabetic patients will eventually develop neuropathy during the course of their disease. Chronic pain, paresthesia, and diabetic foot ulcers represent serious complications. Tight blood glucose control can prevent and slow progression of neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. There are no clear evidence-based therapeutic options. Symptomatic therapy of painful diabetic sensorimotor neuropathy should start early and may include tricyclic antidepressants, duloxetine, gabapentin, or pregabalin. It should be noted that complete pain relief can generally not be achieved. The primary treatment goal is to obtain a tolerable level of pain while minimizing drug-associated side effects. Individual efficacy of a particular drug and the optimal dosing cannot be predicted, but must be evaluated individually. For treating mild pain paracetamol and metamizol may be used. If there are no therapeutic alternatives, opioids can be effective in reducing severe pain. Because of an additional monoamine reuptake inhibition activity, tramadol and tapentadol have a special status in this group. Common side effects and the strong potential for addiction and dependence in long-term opioid treatment should not be underestimated. There is insufficient scientific evidence to recommend other drugs or alternative therapies. Nevertheless, they can be helpful in individual cases. J Klin Endokrinol Stoffw 2013; 6 (Pre-Publishing Online): 7–14.


An Image-Intensified High Definition TV(II-HDTV) cameras was composed of a large diameter image intensifier along with a 1-inch 2M-pixel FIT CCD. HDTV has a longer scanning line (25.86 Fs of visible line time) and a higher video line count (1080 visible lines) with higher sampling frequency ( 74.25 MHz which get cut in half, 30MHz, because of the Nyquist theorem) that will result in a lot higher resolution than normal digital video. Moreover, HDTV digital can possible to record in 10-bit which is 4 times higher dynamic range than previous video systems. The intensified high definition TV technique increases the number of TV lines from about 525 (NTSC) to 1080, 6 times higher resolution than normal digital video camera, and has higher 10-bit dynamic range, 4 times higher dynamic range than previous video systems.


Estimates of the variance of certain linear combinations of order statistics (b-letter values) are proposed. The estimates are nonparametric and are quadratic forms in some order statistics. A heuristic justification of these estimates is provided. The performance of the estimates is judged from two sampling experiments. From the experiments the estimates are found to have a very modest bias and to adapt well to several sampling paradigms.


Generations of physicians have been attracted to anesthesiology for various reasons. Whether it is the requisite physiology knowledge, the application of pharmacotherapy principles, or the unique technical skills of our subspecialties, anesthesiology continues to attract many physicians. The element that is consistent for all anesthesiologists is a broad and deep exposure to the perioperative environment, which presents opportunities for application of a broad range of skills. Anesthesiologists must practice effective communication and interpersonal skills both in the preoperative area, where they concisely describe the anesthetic plan and reassure patients and family members, and in the operating room, where management of acute changes and teamfunction require precise and efficient expression of ideas. This operating room team, composed of members of various backgrounds, works together to accomplish a shared goal, but each teammember has differing perspectives andmay focus on various priorities. Achieving this goal requires coordination, communication, and real-time adjustment for unforeseen circumstances; additional challenges include unexpected complications, miscommunication, and discoordination. An examination of leadership qualities and how they may be applied by the anesthesiologist in the perioperative setting may be instructive. One the one hand, the anesthesiologist's work may tend to recede into the background. Nobody notices a job well done, but problems become apparent to all. This is not the archetype of a leader: one who declares the agenda, shows the way, and acts with boldness and confidence. On the other hand, leadership is more than this caricature. When anesthesiologists function as leaders in the perioperative setting, they are effective in setting the agenda, catalyzing teamwork, communicating clearly, and resolving conflict. The bare minimum conditions that are required for leadership to exist include a group of at least 2 people, a common task, and "differentiation of responsibility." Although the work itself may not catch the eye of a casual observer, a skilled anesthesiologist-leader will support others in a way that improves team performance, team-member satisfaction, and patient safety. The Boston Philharmonic conductor, Benjamin Zander, in a TEDTalk, observes, "The conductor of an orchestra doesn't make a sound. The conductor depends for his power on his ability to make others powerful. My job was to awaken possibility in other people." In the same way, the anesthesiologist-leader empowers others and opens up new possibilities. Also, unlike with a symphony orchestra that has only one conductor, leadership in the operating is not a zero-sum game: because communication and teamwork are key to a group accomplishing something bigger than any one person can do, there can and should be more than one leader in a clinical setting. It is often said that "leaders are not born, but made."With this mindset, we may embark on a study of leadership, to better learn these skills and their application. This chapter will examine key leadership qualities and how to apply them in the operating room, in the critical care setting, and in the hospital at large. An education model will be proposed, which ideally could be extended back into medical school and continued onward into medical practice. Like a concert violinist whose practice habits continue throughout a lifetime, one has never completed the acquisition of leadership skills. There will always be opportunity to apply them in different ways, which will lead to the benefits described above, and individual satisfaction.


The free expansion of a Gaussian wavepacket is a problem commonly discussed in undergraduate quantum classes by directly solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation as a differential equation. In this work, we provide an alternative way to calculate the free expansion by recognizing that the Gaussian wavepacket can be thought of as the ground state of a harmonic oscillator with its frequency adjusted to give the initial width of the Gaussian, and the time evolution, given by the free-particle Hamiltonian, being the same as the application of a time-dependent squeezing operator to the harmonic oscillator ground state. Operator manipulations alone (including the Hadamard lemma and the exponential disentangling identity) then allow us to directly solve the problem. As quantum instruction evolves to include more quantum information science applications, reworking this well-known problem using a squeezing formalism will help students develop intuition for how squeezed states are used in quantum sensing.


At the period of social transition,the positive government-society interaction is the pushing power for social stability and harmony.The paper,based on the transitional background,explained the meaning and connotation of the positive government-society interaction.Analyzing the dilemmas,the paper suggests solutions concerning regulating the governmental conduct,developing the social power and smoothing the communication.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition where the kidney has decreased in the main function in the blood filtration process marked by the value of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) lower than 60 ml/minute/ 1,73 m2 for approximately 3 months. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of research articles that evaluate the knowledge of fluid management and Inter-Dialytic Weigh Gain (IDWG) in hemodialysis patients. The design of this research is the literature review. The research article was conducted through scientific databases such as Research Gate, Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. The paper should be released in 2016-2020 include national and international publishing. In the paper searching process, writer used 2 kinds of keywords in a different language which is Bahasa Indonesia and English, the keywords are knowledge, fluid management, IDWG, and HD patients. There are 2.764 papers matched with the keywords and conducted the selections process using inclusion, exclusion criteria, and JBI Critical Appraisal. We found 7 papers include 5 different countries which are Indonesia, Turkey, UK, Japan, and US. Based on 7 articles, it was found 5 studies were obtained fluid management knowledge, it showed the majority of respondents having moderate and high knowledge. Four articles were obtained about IDWG and the majority having moderate and mild IDWG. Respondent characteristics were influenced by fluid management knowledge and IDWG adherence. For further research, it is recommended to discuss more about factors affected fluid management knowledge and the relationship between motivation, knowledge, and IDWG.


Objective To investigate the effect of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy geldanamycin ( 17-AAG) on iodine uptake kinetics of NIS-transfected anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells.Methods Lipofection was used to transfect the recombinant plasmid,namely peDNA3.1-NIS,into FRO cells ( ATC cell line).A stable cell line NIS-FRO was obtained by G418 resistance selection.125I was added into the medium,and influx and efflux experiments were performed.Different time-radioactivity curves were drawn,and further analysis was performed between the non-transfected cells( the control group) and NIS-FRO cells treated with 1 μmol/L 17-AAG for 24 h.Student's t-test was used to analyze the data.Results The iodine uptake ability of the NIS-FRO cells was significantly higher than that of the FRO cells (about 10.68 times,t =45.329,P <0.001 ).However,125I out-flowed rapidly when removed from the medium,and the retention rate of 125I in the NIS-FRO cells was only 10.5% of the initial amount after 30 rin.After treatment with 1 μmol/L 17-AAG for 24 h,the 125I uptake ability of NIS-FRO cells further increased.During the 20-60 min incubation with 125I,the iodine uptake ability of 17-AAG treated NIS-FRO cells increased significantly with radioactive counts of 31771.8- 54815.5 per minute,which was much higher than that of the control group ( 24020.3 - 41293.8 per minute ; t =3.096,4.275,3.055,4.292 and 5.496,respectively,all P < 0.05 ).The iodine uptake ability increased about 24.8%-35.5%.Furthermore,5-30 min after removing the medium,the retention rates of 125I in the 17-AAG treated NIS-FRO cells were significantly increased compared with those of the control group (32.7%- 85.2% vs 10.5%- 56.8% ; t =22.801,13.096,19.631,38.205,43.519,29.322,respectively,all P <0.01 ),and 125I efflux was reduced.After 30 min,125I retention rate of the treatment group was 32.7%,which was 3.1 times higher than that of the control group.Conclusion The iodine uptake ability can be enhanced in stable NIS-transfected ATC cells after treatment with 17-AAG,and iodine efflux can be significantly delayed.

Key words:
Thyroid neoplasms;  Transfection;  Sodium/iodide symporter;  AAG;  Kinetics


Objective To investigate the pathogenic bacteria distribution and antibiotic resistance of pelvic inflammation patients,and to provide the basis for clinical rational use of antibiotics. Methods Clinical data of 282 pelvic inflammation patients from January 2012 to December 2014 of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.French Merry Emmanuel API identification system was used to identify isolated bacteria,and the K-B disc diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility test. Results A total of 282 strains of pathogenic bacteria was isolated.The top five were Bacterium coli,Klebsiella pneumonia,Coagulase negative staphylococci,Staphylococcus aureus and enterobacter cloacae,respectively,and the detection rate were 37.6%,15.6%,14.9%,9.6% and 9.2%,respectively.Drug resistance rate of gram negative bacteria to Imipenem was the lowest(0.0%-12.5%).Susceptibility rates of gram-positive bacteria to Vancomycin and Teicoplanin were high(100.0%). Conclusion For female pelvic inflammatory disease,by using etiology drug susceptibility test guide medicine can effectively improve the effect of diagnosis and treatment.


A field experiment was conducted at a private farm located at Wadi El Natrun District, Al Behaira Governorate (30°484' N latitude and 30°497' E longitude) during seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 to evaluate the effect of irrigation techniques, deficit irrigation levels and spraying with boron on water use efficiency, yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Eighteen treatments were arranged in a splitsplit plot design with three replicates, which were the simple combinations of two methods of sprinkler irrigation system (fixed sprinkler and center pivot), three deficit irrigation levels i.e. 60, 80 and 100% of the full irrigation water requirement (IWR) (ETc. = 589 mm fed.) and three levels of foliar application of boron (without boron, 1.0 and 1.5 g L). Results indicated that sugar beet grown under center pivot irrigation system produced higher values of quantitative yield indices at 190 days after sowing including, root length (cm), root diameter (cm), root fresh weight (g plant), and root yield (Mg fed) compared to sprinkler irrigation system in the two growing seasons. In addition, sugar and purity percentages were significantly higher under center pivot than fixed sprinkler irrigation system. Meanwhile, impurities concentration (i.e. Na, K and αamino N) was higher under fixed sprinkler than center pivot irrigation system. Deficit irrigation level of 60% from IWR achieved the lowest mean values of all quantitative yield characteristics and the highest concentrations of impurities. Meanwhile, the highest root length was obtained under the deficit irrigation level of 80% from IWR. The maximum values of quantitative yield characteristics, sugar and purity percentages were achieved under 100% from full IWR. Foliar application of boron at rate of 1.5 g L led to an increase in root length, diameter, fresh weight and yield compared to control treatment. In addition, sugar and purity percentages were the highest under this treatment. On contrary, the impurities (Na, K and αamino N) concentrations were significantly the lowest under rate of 1.5 g L. Center pivot irrigation system improved the water use efficiency (WUE) as compared to fixed sprinkler irrigation system under different deficit irrigation levels as following; 10.0, 10.5 and 9.1 vs.8.2, 8.7 and 7.6 kg m in the first season and 10.2, 11.2 and 9.6 vs. 8.8, 9.2 and 7.9 kg m in the second season with 60, 80 and 100% from IWR, respectively). It could be concluded that, sugar beet plants irrigated by center pivot system using 80% from IWR and foliar application with boron at rate of 1.5 g L is recommended for obtaining the highest yield of sugar beet with higher sucrose productivity and purity during manufacturing process.


The purpose of this masters thesis is to examine how managers in public libraries are managing financial cuts. Questions posed are: What strategies are used by the library manager to handle the ...


The prevention of the incident of coastal passenger ships is most important because the incidents of coastal passenger ships may cause tremendous loss of lives. The government of Korea has been trying to prevent recurrence of such incident through amending and improving the laws and systems in relation to the safety of coastal passenger ships. These include the amendment and improvement of laws and systems related with the ship's equipment and hull for maintaining the seaworthiness, the education, training and etc. of seamen for enhancing the quality and quantity of seamen, and the safety management system of coastal passenger ship for improving the system.In this sense, this paper tries to contribute to the enhancement of the safety of coastal passenger ship by way of suggesting the reformation points in relation with the problems identified by studying the laws and systems for the safety of coastal passenger ships. Through it all, this paper suggests the problems and its improvements regarding the irrelevance of the Marine Transportation Act as the safety management law of coastal passenger ship, the irrelevance of the classification of passenger ships, the improperness for the extension of limitation of ship's age for safe operation of coastal passenger ship, the confusion of the safety management authority and the minor problems regarding the concept of passenger ship, the quality enhancement of seamen, the prevention of overloading, the notification of safety concern to passenger and etc..


PURPOSE: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided to prevent a fuse fault by setting a connection and the short circuit of a redundancy cell according to the resistance state of a variable resistance layer. CONSTITUTION: In a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same, an inter-layer insulating film(120) is formed on a substrate(110). A contact hole exposing a part of a substrate is formed in the inter-layer insulating film A contact plug(130) is formed within the inter-layer insulating film. A fuse(140) connected to the contact plug is formed on the inter-layer insulating film. The fuse is formed by laminating a bottom electrode(142), a variable resistance layer(144), and a top electrode(146).


Major and trace element (including REE) abundances have been determined by XRF and INAA, and Sr and Nd isotopic ratios have been measured for the three major rock units ('sandy tuffs' = ST, 'non-sandy tuffs' = NST, and olivine-phlogopite lamproite dykes = OPLD) recognised in the Argyle (AKl) pipe (Atkinson et al 1984a,b; Boxer et al this volume; Jaques et al this volume). The aims of the study were to chemically characterise the Argyle lamproite, examine the chemical relationships between the various units and to compare the chemistry of the Argyle lamproite with lamproites from the West Kimberley (Jaques et al 1984, 1986a,b; Fraser et al 1985; Nelson et al 1986).


Gamma‐ray transitions in 25Mg following the 24Mg(n,γ)reaction have been measured by means of HP germanium and pair spectrometers and precise γ‐ray and level energies have been deduced. The neutron binding energy resulted as Bn=7330.61(14) keV.


Coordinating behaviors in group activities is a fundamental skill in our social life. However, people with impairments and disabilities may have difficulty performing a whole-body movement and manipulation of devices; therefore, their opportunities for coordinating behaviors are considerably reduced, especially in virtual environments. In this study, we focus on gaze interaction as a primary interaction method and investigate coordinating behaviors in a virtual environment. In addition, we implement a three vs. one ball possession game controlled using gaze interaction. As a preliminary study, we examine the coordinating behavioral patterns of game players without impairments and disabilities. Moreover, our experimental result demonstrates that it is possible to perform three vs. one ball possession games using gaze interaction. Further, we observe the distribution of angles among the three players, with modes at 56, 72, and 50 degrees for players 1, 2, and 3, respectively. This reveals the approximate shape of the triangle constructed by the players. In the real-world player's skill, the resulted triangle allowed us to categorize the players at the intermediate level.


Experiments have been made to determine the behavior of sodium aerosol under various atmospheric conditions, with the view to establishing an air monitoring technique to be used in sodium-cooled fast reactors. Changes in both size and form of sodium aerosol particles released into the air were studied. At levels of humidity below 40%, the particles were observed to be in solid state, constituted of sodium oxides and sodium hydroxide. When sodium aerosol particles are exposed for more than 1 min in an atmosphere containing more than 60% humidity, they are mostly converted into droplets of sodium hydroxide. The size of the droplets increases with humidity, the diameter becoming at 95% humidity about 1.4 times that at 40% (2. 7 times in volume). The final state of sodium aerosol suspended in air with a humidity exceeding 90% is in the form of droplets of sodium carbonate. When the CO2 concentration in the air is as high as 1.0v/o, the droplets solidify even at a humidity of 70%. The droplets can be made to s...


Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate widely marketed as a pesticide. However, only few studies have investigated its genotoxic potential, especially in human tissues or cells, or the minimal concentration capable of inducing damage. This study analyzed the in vitro genotoxic potential of CPF in cultured human leukocytes at concentrations of 3, 35, and 350 μg mL -1 . Results demonstrated that the two highest concentrations exhibited an increase (~2-fold) in the micronucleus frequency (p < 0.01), the number of numerical chromosomal instabilities (~10–12 times, p < 0.05), and the number of apoptotic cells (~10- to 20-fold, p < 0.001). These results demonstrate the genotoxic potential of CPF and could open new discussions regarding its safety and toxicology.


The Lower Cretaceous Martin House Formation in the Mackenzie Corridor represents a potential hydrocarbon exploration target in mainland arctic Canada. Reservoir quality of the sandstones may reflect changes observed in paleoenvironments. As part of a multidisciplinary study, eleven cores intersecting Lower Cretaceous strata (Figure 1) were analyzed for lithology, sedimentary structures, and ichnological characteristics. Thin sections from each core were analyzed using the Gazzi-Dickinson point-counting method. Palynology samples were evaluated by Geological Survey of Canada scientists (White, J. 2009; 2010).


ABSTRACT Issues related to the formation of continuous precursor fibers for oxide ceramic fibers via polysol-gel routes are addressed through an experimental study of polysol-gel route to silica fibers. The emphasis is on integrating the requirements for forming stable, spinnable polysols with appropriate mechanisms for producing continuous precursor fibers. A pronounced change is shown to occur in the nature of the highly spinnable polysols produced through acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and potycondensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) over a narrow range of water to TEOS concentration ratio. Solution-wet and solution-dry jet-wet spinning routes, with new catalyzed gelation/coagulation schemes, are shown to be viable options for continuous spinning from these polysols. The benefits of incorporating high molecular weight organic polymers and drying control chemical additives (DCCA) as aids for rheological and cohesive drying purposes are demonstrated through appropriate examples.


This study focuses on Musil's contributions to Heimat, a propaganda newspaper published by the k.u.k. Kriegspressequartier during the last months of World War I. As the authorship of the Heimat articles is controversial, we performed a series of stylometric analyses, which allowed us to attribute ten texts to the Austrian writer. Our approach introduces new elements and data into the debate on authorship, thus opening a productive dialogue between computational, archival and stylistic research.


Currently, solar module is using the two methods such as a glass-filled method or a super-straight method. The common point of these methods is to use glass structure on the front of solar module. However, the reflectance of the solar module is high depending on the height of the incident sunlight due to the flat surface of the module front glass. Purposed to solve these problems, AG (anti-glare) structures were formed on the glass surface. Next is fabrication methods of AG structure. First, uneven structure made by micro blaster equipment was dipped in Hydro-fluidic acid (HF) acid. HF acid process was carried out to remove particles and to make high transmittance. The reflectance and transmittance of the anti-glare glass was compared to those of the bare glass. The reflectance of anti-glare glass decreased approximately 1% compared with bare glass. The transmittance of anti-glare glass was similar to bare glass. According to the sample angle, the difference of the reflectance between bare glass and the anti-glare glass was about 19%. Isc and efficiency value of anti-glare glass on bare solar cell appeared about 3.01 mA and 0.228% difference compared with bare glass. Anti-glare glass on textured solar cell appeared about 9.46 mA and 0.741% difference compared with bare glass. As a result, the role of anti-glare in the substrate is to reduces the loss of sunlight reflected from the surface. In this study, therefore, AG structure on the solar cell was used to improve the efficiency of solar cell.


The Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS) instrument is made up of 150+ individually compact and identical spectrographs, each fed by a fiber integral field unit. The instrument provides integral field spectroscopy from 350 nm to 550 nm of over 33,600 spatial elements per observation, each 1.8 arcsec2 on the sky, at R ~ 700. The instrument will be fed by a new wide-field corrector (WFC) of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET†) with increased science field of view as large as 22 arcmin diameter and telescope aperture of 10 m. The construction of the large number of VIRUS units requires the individual spectrographs be interchangeable at sub-system level and a production line assembly process be utilized, while meeting the optical performance specification. These requirements pose a strong emphasis on careful analysis of the manufacturing and alignment tolerances of the unit spectrograph design. In this paper, we detail the tolerance analysis, and discuss its implication to the optical performance and production of the VIRUS instrument.


Background: Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of malignant tumor deaths worldwide and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 90% of all liver cancer cases.
 Methods:We examined data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)Medicare database to identify patients diagnosed with primary HCC between 2004 and 2017.. Demographics such as race, age of diagnosis, and clinical information, such as the survival status also were collected. The disease specific and relative five year survival rates and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated.
 Results:Among the 79819 patients selected, 55,484 (69.5 %) of them were White, 9,956 (12.5%) were Black, 1,158 (1.4%) were American Indian/Alaska Native, and 13211 (16.6%) were Asian or Pacific Islander. The incident trends indicated that incidence had been gradually increased for white, black, and American Indian/Alaska Natives with near identical slopes until they flattened into a plateau in 2014 or 2015 (61.8 per million to 96.9 per million for White with a P>0.05, and 93.9 per million to 135.1 per million for Black with a P>0.05). After 2014/2015 the incidences slightly decreased for both White and Black without being statistically significant (P>0.05). The pattern for the American Indian/Alaska Native population was also similar without statistical significance (P>0.05), possibly due to the sample size. Although HCC incidence among the Asian or Pacific Islander populations were much higher than other races in 2004, it steadily decreased during the observation period,from 188.7 per million to 142.5 per million, which was close to the incidences of other races. Age disparity in HCC diagnosis also existed. For example, in the Asian or Pacific Islander HCC patients, 38.2% were patients older than 70. Whereas, this number was 16.8% in Black patients.Our research also indicated that the Asian or Pacific Islander category had the highest HCC five year cause specific survival rate (32.0% with 95% CI 31.0% to 32.9%) and also the highest five year relative survival rate (27.8% with 95% CI 26.9% to 28.7%), followed by White (24.0% with 95% CI 23.6% to 24.5% and 19.9% with 95% CI 19.5% to 20.3% respectively), American Indian/Alaskan Native (21.5% with 95% CI 18.6% to 24.5% and 16.0% with 95% CI 13.6% to 18.5%% respectively), and Black (20.9% with 95% CI 19.9% to 21.9% and 16.6 with 95% CI 15.7% to 17.5% respectively). The statistical significance could be observed as early as the 6 month follow-up.
 Conclusion:From 2004 to 2017, the HCC incidence steadily decreased for the Asian or Pacific Islander category, but not for other races. Now, with more advanced treatments being available, Asian or Pacific Islander HCC patients also have the highest five year survival rates. American Indian/Alaskan Native and Black have the lowest five year survival rates. The HCC racial and ethnic disparities still exist after two decades since we launched Healthy People 2000.
 Citation Format: Jingwei Song, Eric Song, Daniel Gharavi. Racial and ethnic disparities in presentations and survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 717.


Employing organo-metal zinc acetylacetonate (Zn(acac)2) as the zincic source, various zinc oxide (ZnO) products with different morphologies have been synthesised via a typical solvothermal method in different polar organic solvents. Quasi-spherical and rod-like structures with diverse sizes are successfully fabricated in the methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, and acetone solutions of NaOH, respectively. Moreover, their microstructures and morphologies have been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and electron microscopy. A possible growth mechanism has been proposed. The various morphologies of ZnO are attributed to the discrepant polarity and viscosity of organic solvents and the supersaturation levels of reactants. Furthermore, the size-depended photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties of various structures of ZnO are also studied. It is believed that the different but regular photoelectric behaviours are resulting from the surface states and specific surface areas which are related to the exposed polarity facets as well as the size of ZnO particles.


The failure of the security assurances contained in the 1994 Budapest Memorandum to prevent Russia's annexation of Crimea and support for eastern Ukrainian separatists has been widely viewed as a serious blow to global nuclear nonproliferation efforts. In particular, observers have maintained that the experience will undermine the future value of security assurances in persuading countries to give up nuclear weapons capabilities or to continue refraining from acquiring them. Observers have also asserted that the experience will reinforce the lesson learned from such previous cases as Iraq and Libya that giving up nuclear weapons or nuclear weapons programs will make a country vulnerable to military attack. Russia's aggression against Ukraine has indeed been a shock to the international order, raising the specter of cross-border violations of sovereignty and territorial integrity that, at least in Europe, was considered a thing of the past. Russia's violation of its Budapest Memorandum commitments has produced acute anxiety and insecurity on the part of its neighbors—the kind of reactions that can give rise to interest in acquiring indigenous nuclear weapons capabilities. However, despite warnings about the adverse implications of the Ukrainian experience for the future of the global nonproliferation regime, a closer look at the case as well as its likely real-world impact suggests that the damage may be much less than some observers have predicted or feared.


The present study has been undertaken to investigate the performance of mutual funds in Pakistani context. The research has tried to answer the questions which inquire about the rates of return with respect to the mutual funds and the ability of fund managers in minimizing the associated risks. For the study, fifteen mutual funds have been chosen for the period of 2005 to 2009. The measures used for the evaluation of mutual funds are Sharpe and Treynor measures. The results have been analyzed statistically by means of standard deviation. The findings of the study show that the performance of mutual funds is not up to the mark in Pakistan. The use of only five year data acts as a limitation of this study. The study has given certain implications for the performance of mutual funds in Pakistan.


Zoroastrian theology clearly insisted on the assumption that historical time was limited and that in its borders 'evil' should be destroyed. Practically, 'time' and 'space' were a sort of weapon used by Ohrmazd in order to entrap Ahreman and his demonic army. In this spatio-temporal framework, the end of historical time involved also the end of Ahreman himself, so that one of the actions enacted by the 'Antagonist Spirit' would be that of trying to delay and stop its regular course. Recent studies on the Manichaean Coptic Kephalaia of Dublin confirm the importance of this Mazdean doctrine and present a direct witness of this theological dogma, which was presented in a way conveniently fitting for the Gnostic religion professed by Mani.


The aim of this paper is to describe architecture of the software system called Set of Software Quality Static Analyzers (SSQSA). The main aim of SSQSA is to provide some static software analyzers to ensure, check, and consequently increase, the quality of software products. Its main characteristic is the language independency which makes it more usable than many other similar systems.


One major triterpenoid saponins were isolated from soybean hypocotyls and identified as soyasaponin Bb. The prepared soyasaponin Bb was used as authentic standard for colorimetric determination of soyasaponin content based on the aglycone moiety (soyasapogenol). The employed coloring reagent was vanillin-acetic acid and the determination was made at the wavelength of 563 nm. The results showed that the developed colorimetric assay method is simple,sensitive and relatively precise.


In the present work, the sol-gel derived powders of the chemical form FeCr2O4@ZnO@MgO Core-shell, has been synthesized and used as a photocatalyst. The synthesized core-shell nanoparticles characterized by various analytical techniques including FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDAX, and HR-TEM-SEAD. The successful performance of synthesized core-shell photocatalyst FeCr2O4@ZnO@MgO has been also demonstrated for the complete mineralization of Orange G dye. The effect of various operational parameters used in dye degradation such as concentration of dye, light intensity, amount of photocatalyst, effect of light and effect of electrolyte has been studied on the rate of reaction. TEM analysis clearly shows two layers of ZnO and MgO on FeCr2O4. The highest degradation rate was found with concentration of Orange G dye 10 ppm, 0.8 g of FeCr2O4@ZnO@MgO and time 50 min. The recyclability of the photocatalyst, FeCr2O4@ZnO@MgO was performed up to four runs. The degradation mechanism has been established by using LC-MS analysis and it was used to track the numerous intermediate products formed during the course of Orange G dye degradation.


Catalan and Spanish are two related languages given that both derive from Latin. They share similarities in several linguistic levels including morphology, syntax and semantics. This makes them particularly interesting for the MT task. Given the recent appearance and popularity of neural MT, this paper analyzes the performance of this new approach compared to the well-established rule-based and phrase-based MT systems. Experiments are reported on a large database of 180 million words. Results, in terms of standard automatic measures, show that neural MT clearly outperforms the rule-based and phrase-based MT system on in-domain test set, but it is worst in the out-of-domain test set. A naive system combination specially works for the latter. In-domain manual analysis shows that neural MT tends to improve both adequacy and fluency, for example, by being able to generate more natural translations instead of literal ones, choosing to the adequate target word when the source word has several translations and improving gender agreement. However, out-of-domain manual analysis shows how neural MT is more affected by unknown words or contexts.


The recent research and development on carbon nanotubes and their fabrication technology are introduced. The present status of carbon nanotubes material in the world is analyzed and their future developments and challenges are reviewed.


Background & objectives: Tobacco use is the chief preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Youth in general and adolescents in particular fall prey to this habit with severe physical, psychological and economic implications. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of tobacco use & their age of initiation of these habits among school students.
Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study done in 1081 students of selected 16 high schools of Raipur city chosen through two stage cluster sampling. Study tool - Predesigned Pretested questionnaire.Data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed.
Results: The prevalence of tobacco consumption was 16% and were significantly more in boys as compared to girls (P<0.05). Ever smokers comprised 419 (8.4%),Ever tobacco chewers comprised 105 (9.7%) student. 'Exclusive ever smokers' comprised 75 (6.9 %), 'exclusive ever tobacco chewers' 89 (8.23%) and 'ever both smoking and tobacco chewing forms' were 16 (1.48%) The mean age of initiation of tobacco habits were 13 years(SD1.414), in both boys and girls. Majority students 64% initiated this tobacco habit between 11 to14 years of age and were below 15 years of age, this shows downward shift of age of initiation.
Conclusions: The study reveals a recent downward shift in the age at initiation of tobacco uptake and rising prevalence among girls. Further epidemiological exploration and interventions to curb tobacco use among growing future generations is the call of the day.


I teach in a small, school in North County Dublin. Like many schools in the area, there are many children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) integrated into mainstream classes. My interest in ASD and play-based learning sparked my Masters' journey in Early Education at the Marino Institute Education. The course gave me opportunities to reflect on my teaching and learning. It helped me to see what practice was working and what was not working in my classroom. My thesis focuses on using a particular story reading method to enhance oral language and relationships' in children with ASD.


Abstract The stability constants of the Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes of the macrocyclic ligand [15]aneN4, were determined potentiometrically at 25.0 °C and ionic strength 0.10 Μ (NaClO4). The protonation constants of the free ligand were found to be in good agreement with available literature data. On the basis of these data, a kinetic study of the oxidation of Fe11(L), L = [15]aneN4, by dioxygen as a function of [Fe11(L)], [O2], pH and temperature was undertaken. The oxidation of FeII(L) was found to be very pH dependent, and due to stability and solubility limitations could only be studied in the pH range 7.0-8.0. The oxidation reaction was found to occur in one step, but the observed first-order rate constant in the presence of an excess of FeII(L) exhibited a first- and second-order dependence on the FeII(L) concentration, viz. kobs = k1[FeII(L)] + k2[FeII(L)]2. The activation entropies for k1 and k2 were found to be strongly negative, viz. -110 and -95 J K-1 mol-1 respectively, whereas the activation enthalpies were found to be relatively small, viz. 32 and 15kj mol-1, respectively. Some kinetic experiments were also performed in an excess of dioxygen and the results are in good agreement with those obtained in the presence of an excess FeII(L). The suggested reaction mechanism consists of the subsequent formation of a monomelic Fe(III) superoxo complex and a dimeric Fe(III) peroxo complex. Some experiments were also performed with H2O2 and an excess of the Fe(II) complex. The data could be fitted with a single exponential function and exhibited a first- order dependence on the FeII(L) concentration.The second-order rate constant of 47.0 ± 0.5 Μ-1 s-1 is significantly faster than in the case of the reaction with dioxygen. The results are compared and discussed in reference to related Fe(II) and Co(II) systems in the literature.


Background: A life-coaching and positive psychology approach to aphasia has recently been advocated by Audrey Holland, to whom this issue is dedicated. Aims: This paper reviews our recent research which informs the three basic assumptions behind a life-coaching approach to aphasia: (1) learning to live successfully with aphasia takes time; (2) aphasia is a family problem; and (3) the goal is to help people with aphasia fit it into their lives. Methods & Procedures: We assimilate results from three independent qualitative data sets: (1) a project that sought the perspective of 50 people with aphasia, their families, and their treating speech-language pathologist about their goals over time; (2) a project that seeks the views of 25 people with aphasia, their family, and speech-language pathologists about what it means to live successfully with aphasia; and (3) a qualitative structured interview on quality of life with 30 people with aphasia. Outcomes & Results: The three basic assumptions of the life-coaching approach to aphasia are supported and extended by the data. Participants with aphasia in our studies report how their goals change over time to reflect how they are learning to live with aphasia, but the journey is different for each person. The stories from families elucidate how aphasia is indeed a family concern and requires family involvement. Finally, not only did participants in our studies fit aphasia into their lives, but they also fitted it into a new lifestyle after their stroke. Conclusions: The assumptions behind the life-coaching approach are well supported by the narratives of people living with aphasia. Even if the life-coaching approach is not adopted wholeheartedly by the profession, the principles of positive psychology and the life goal perspective appear highly relevant to living successfully with aphasia.


Leptin, an adipocyte‐derived signalling molecule that plays important role in the regulation of energy balance, body weight and glucose metabolism.


Two busy underground bus terminals were designed into a restricted space with reverse-out platform bays and partitions separating passenger and traffic areas in Kamppi, Finland. This concept for bus terminal layout required an advanced system of sensors and displays for drivers and travellers. The exact locations and settings of the ultrasonic sensors are crucial forreliable bus detection. Since the length and height of the buses varies by model, finding the best settings for each individual installation spot took several rounds of readjustments. The "smart terminal" solution has proven successful for safety, passenger comfort and efficient bus operations.The demanding environmental conditions in the underground bus terminals make continuous maintenance of the technical installations necessary. The bus timetables and driver schedules must be planned taking into consideration the restrictions of the terminal concept. Parking in the terminal for breaks is forbidden. Timetables in the regional terminal are staggered so that no more than three buses will depart at the same minute. In the coach terminal this has not been observed, and at worst 19 buses depart at 17.00causing an instant traffic jam in the terminal, exit tunnel and first twointersections. Due to safety hazards, LNG and LPG buses are excluded fromusing the terminals. At the moment they are still rare in Finland, but this will likely become a problem unless LNG fuel tanks with suitable safetyfeatures for indoor use are developed. Certain innovative solutions that were planned during the project have not yet been implemented. A most interesting idea is automatic detection and prevention of gridlock situations in the regional bus terminal, which is vulnerable to congestion delays if too many buses are trying to enter or drive around the terminal while others are reversing out of bays. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.


Objective: To investigate and compare the clinical efficacies and follow-up results of percutaneous coronary stent implantation (PCSI) and intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Sixty-seven patients with AMI who were treated in the Department of Cardiology in Linyi Central Hospital from January 2014 to October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed in this study (45-90 years old, mean age of 60.91±15.49 years old). According to different treatment methods the patients chose, they were divided into 3 groups: intervention group 1 (drug-eluting stent group, n=20), intervention group 2 (bare-metal stent group, n=22) and thrombolysis group (n=25). Curative judgment: Two intervention groups were classified according to the blood flow of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI); revascularization of thrombolysis group was indirectly judged by clinical standard and post therapeutic adverse cardiac events were recorded. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by echocardiogram before discharge and cardiac events were observed and recorded during the follow-up of 6 months after discharge including arrhythmia, heart failure, shock, papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture, cardiac rupture and embolism. Results: The revascularization rate of intervention group 1 was significantly higher than that of intervention group 2 (P=0.015), and the revascularization rate of intervention group 2 was obviously higher than that of thrombolysis group (P=0.000). The hospital stay of intervention group 1 was significantly shorter than that of intervention group 2 and thrombolysis group (respectively P=0.012, P=0.007). Compared with intervention group 2, the LVEF of intervention group 1 increased significantly (P=0.000), while the LVEF of thrombolysis group showed no statistical difference (P=0.094). Compared with thrombolysis group, postoperative cardiac function of intervention group 1 distinctly got better (P=0.013), while that of intervention group did not (P=0.032). There was no difference in the proportion of cardiac functional grading between intervention groups (P=1.00). And there was no difference in the rate of cardiac events among those three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with percutaneous coronary bare-metal stent implantation (PCBSI) and intravenous thrombolysis, percutaneous coronary drug-eluting stent implantation (PCDSI) has many advantages with high revascularization rate, shorter hospital stay, increasing LVEF, decreasing cardiac functional grading and restenosis rate in the treatment of AMI.


R factors conferring high-level resistance to trimethoprim and sulphonamides were identified in bacteria causing infections in patients at three London hospitals in 1971 (Fleming, Datta & Gruneberg, 1972). All were members of the W compatability group and came from the Camden area (Datta & Hedges, 1972).


The inhibition behaviour of N'-(4- (dimethylamino) benzylidene)-4-hydroxybenzo hydrazide (DABBH) on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid was studied by Tafel polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique. The inhibition efficiency of DABBH increased with the increase in its concentration and increase in temperature. Polarization study showed that DABBH acts as a mixed type inhibitor and its adsorption on mild steel surface was found to follow Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The formation of protective film was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy study.


The utility model provides an adjusting device of an extruding cylinder of an extruding machine. A vertical bolt structure is fixed on the top surface of a cylinder base support; a horizontal bolt structure is fixed on the side surface of the cylinder base support; the bottom side of the cylinder base support is fixed with guide tracks; the vertical bolt structure is fixed inside a screw nut flange; a sliding board liner plate is fixed below the screw nut flange; the sliding board liner plate is fixed on a cylinder base sliding board; the vertical bolt structure penetrates through the sliding board liner plate and the cylinder base sliding board simultaneously; the cylinder base sliding board is fixed on the top surfaces of the guide tracks; the horizontal bolt structure is fixed inside a side sliding board; the side sliding board is fixed on a side copper liner; the side copper liner is fixed on the side surfaces of the guide tracks. According to the adjusting device of the extruding cylinder of the extruding machine, the distances among the extruding cylinder and the guide tracks are kept unchanged when the relative positions of the adjusting device and the guide tracks change, the extruding cylinder is not blocked by deformation, the orientation is accurate and reliable, and the extruding cylinder base can walk precisely under the positioning of four upper and lower guide tracks.


Objective To study the effects of hydrofluoric acid(HF) smog inhaling on lung tissue and calcium level of serum in rats. Methods These rats have taken in the smog that resulted from 40 percent concentration of HF ultrasound vapor for four minutes. To observe calcium level of serum and damage of lung tissue at 2nd hour, 6th hour, 12nd hour, 24 th hour after inhaling as well as contrast with normal group. Result It was found that the blood calcium level drop remarkably after 6 hours and blood calcium level rise after 12 hours. Lung tissue necrosis constantly. Conclusion. The smog of HF inhaling can result in low calcium level of serum. but it is not sole reason of test rats death.


Using a multidisciplinary approach to social justice teaching, this article explores the often invisible impact of double consciousness on adult English language learners in the United States and provides examples of classroom practice that invite students to reflect on its effects. The experience of double consciousness is examined as it relates to English language learner identities. A Critical Language Awareness (CLA) framework and identity-conscious teaching practices are explored to encourage student participation and reflection. This approach, demonstrated through examples used in writing classes, encourages the exploration of identity in the face of oppression by interrogating social constructions and fiction and nonfiction stories containing connected themes. Three classroom lessons and consequent writing are analyzed with a critical discourse lens to examine student responses and reflections on language and identity. Student writing demonstrates that encouraging English language classes to interrogate the language of institutionalized inequity and identity formation can illuminate potential influences of double consciousness, which can empower students to think critically about their identities and choose whether to take steps to mediate the ways in which they could be affected by double consciousness.


Ribozymes are small RNA molecules that cleave specific RNA molecules enzymatically. Haseloff and Gerlachl constructed ribozymes based on the hammerhead model of self-cleaving RNAs, in which most of the conserved nucleotides were arranged on the ribozyme, leaving only three required nucleotides, GUC, GUA, or GUU, on the RNA substrate. Such engineered hammerhead ribozymes have been shown to cleave chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) mRNA and HIV-1 gag mRNA in both cell-free systems and cell c~ltures.l-~ We designed and constructed a ribozyme to regulate the expression of inhibin. Inhibin is a peptide hormone that suppresses synthesis and release of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH). When inhibin levels in ewes and rats were decreased using immunization methods, FSH levels were elevated and ovulation rates increased. We predict that a decrease in inhibin synthesis will increase FSH levels and oocyte production. Inhibin consists of two subunits: a and p. The a subunit is unique to inhibin. Two p subunits form another peptide hormone, activin, which stimulates FSH release. Our ribozyme was designed to cleave inhibin a subunit mRNA. The three required nucleotides, GUA, GUC, and GUU, are present in several sites in inhibin (Y subunit mRNA, allowing a choice of several cleavage sites. Comparison of known sequences in rat, bovine, porcine, and human inhibin a subunit mRNA showed a short identical or highly homologous sequence of about 20 nucleotides flanking a GUC sequence. Our ribozyme was chosen to recognize this site in order to cleave the inhibin a subunit mRNA in other species. The ribozyme was synthesized as double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides and cloned into the plasmid pGEM-4Z. In vitro transcripts of this cloned ribozyme and the cloned rat inhibin a subunit cDNA were incubated together at 50°C. Northern blot analysis of the incubations revealed two extra bands representing cleavage products of the expected size (FIG. 1). Cleavage was specific, as no cleavage of antisense inhibin a subunit transcript was observed (FIG. 1). The results demonstrate that the flanking sequences of the cleavage site are accessible to the ribozyme. This ribozyme is expected to be active in vivo, as the same cleavage was observed also at 37°C (data not shown). The ribozyme was designed before mouse inhibin a subunit cDNA was sequenced. The results also showed that this ribozyme cleaves mouse inhibin a subunit mRNA in ovarian mRNA in vitro (data not shown). It suggests that it is possible to design a ribozyme to target conserved sequences of a given gene in order to cleave the transcripts of the same gene in other species in which the DNA sequence is unknown.


Abstract The use of the electromagnetic clutch water pump for internal combustion engine vehicles saves fuel and leads to a reduction in emissions. The clutch water pump allows the engine cooling system to select the optimum operation condition by using coolant flow rate on/off control. This study investigated the characteristics of fuel consumption and emissions of the diesel engine cooling system using the clutch water pump. The electromagnetic clutch operation reduced by about 49% of engine warm up period at idle condition and controlled the optimum high coolant temperature at driving condition. Therefore, fuel consumption was enhanced by about 5%, and emissions such as HC, CO and CO 2 were also reduced to a certain degree even though NOx increased a little bit, compared to those of the conventional water pump under NEDC mode which represents the real driving pattern. Key Words : Water pump, Electromagnetic clutch, Fuel consumption, Emission, Warm-up, NEDC * Corresponding Author : Sung Chul Kim(Korea Automotive Technology Institute)Tel: +82-41-559-3093 email: firstname.lastname@example.com February 8, 2013 Revised March 11, 2013 Accepted May 9, 2013


b A key issue in broadcast television programming which demands the attention of policymakers, consumers, broadcasters, networks and program producers is that of the public "interest. convenience and necessity."' Although the meaning of this phrase has historically defied precise definition, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) appears to view serving the public interest as virtually synonymous to diversity in program content. Hence, two landmark FCC documents, the 1946 Public Service Responsibility of Broadcast Licensees (more popularly known as "The Blue Book") and the 1960 Report and Statement of Policy re: Commission en banc hogramming Inquiry (44 FCC 2303), both attest to the Commission's desire to encourage broadcasters to offer a


Currently there is no effective security solution for the grid computing code migration process. Computing objects must be concealed from conspiring computers misusing personal or otherwise classified information. Many techniques attempt object concealment, but in consideration of their failures it is proposed that by combining dummy code insertion and program division and decentralization methods the effect of concealment increases. By interleaving multiple segments from different programs and inserting dummy code, purpose of processing is concealed. By using at least one unanimously trustworthy computer to handle the interleaving process, conspiring computers lacks necessary information for analysis.


Abstract:This article poses a framework for considering the social processes that drive masculinity's enaction, including men's presentation of gender, masculinity's intersituational flexibility, and the persistence of gender inequality. I draw on ethnographic observation and in-depth interviews conducted in a small cockfighting community in Hawaii. On the surface, my findings are surprisingly counter-Geertzian: within Hawaiian cockfighting's uncontestedly masculine and almost exclusively male context, fighters carry out behaviors they consider "feminine" in other areas of their lives, such as caretaking, nurturing, and overt emotional expression. I draw on existing theoretical frameworks, including hybrid masculinities, to use Hawaiian cockfighting as a vehicle for elaborating our understanding of the sociology of masculinity. I argue that rather than approximating an archetypal masculinity, "ideal" masculine performance incorporates a balance of masculinized and feminized traits. This tempered incarnation of masculinity is enacted in particular localized contexts to deliberately fall "short" of archetypal masculinity. I introduce the term "masculine undercompensation" to describe the mechanism through which subordinate masculinities are incorporated to create a tempered, locally contingent masculine performance. The processes I identify strengthen and contextualize the growing literature documenting how hybridization can contribute to the maintenance of unequal gender relations.


The causes of anemia, whether human or experimental, are various: different animals differ from one another and from human beings in their reaction to a given substance or stimulus. The tendency to draw conclusions from one type of anemia and apply them to another is a dangerous procedure. Our interest concerns a simple hemorrhage anemia produced by blood removal in dogs, and our discussion will be confined to red cell and hemoglobin production as affected by various factors. ' When a long-continued anemia replaced short anemia periods, we obtained evidence of a reserve store. of materials out of which the anemic dog could fabricate much hemoglobin. Furthermore, feeding of a favorable diet resulted in storage of potential hemoglobin precursors, which were drawn upon during the "after control period." This "carry-over'' due to storage of hemoglobin materials in the body had to be exhausted before the dog again attained its base line of hemoglobin production, due to the standard basal salmon bread ration. Even during growth periods, a large reserve store of hemoglobin-producing materials will accumulate, if the diet is a favorable one. This reserve store of potential hemoglobin factors must always be considered in the interpretation of results obtained. Experiments have demonstrated that one may obtain any desired blood picture, as concerns red cell and hemoglobin in an adult dog, by proper choice of diet during the growth period from weaning on.' The severity of anemia is a factor of much importance in hemoglobin and red cell produ~tion.'~ Hemoglobin output is increased as the amount of circulating hemoglobin decreases. If we suppose that the stimulus to hemoglobin production is zero in the normal dog with a circulating blood level of 21 gram per cent, we may safely assume that the stimulus to hemoglobin production is maximal at an anemia level of about 6 gram per cent. This gives a maximal anemia range of 15 gram per cent hemoglobin. A moderate anemia of 11 gram per cent hemoglobin represents an anemia range of 10 grams (21 grams 11 grams = 10 gram per cent hemoglobin), or two-thirds of the maximal anemia range. The average values for hemoglobin production in


Many people are reluctant to quit smoking for fear of gaining weight. This study explored the association between smoking cessation and weight gain among 5247 randomly selected Americans over age 34. The participants were interviewed and examined once between …


This report presents an analysis of the projected economies and processing capacity requirements for a power reactor fuel reprocessing industry based on the recovery of fertile and fissionable materials from presently proposed power reactors within tbe confines of the continental United 8tates for the next five to ten years. An analysis of the present general state of development of a technology required for such an Industry is given. A summary of results of power reactor reprocessing chemical and engineering development at Oak Ridge National Laboratory from July 1955 through December 1956 is given. (auth)


Background: During microscopic procedures for neurovascular disease, we sometimes encounter kinking of arterial branches resulting in ischemic sequelae. A simple and useful technique that involves inserting a small, ball-like prosthesis made of oxidized cellulose or shredded Teflon with fibrin glue that corrects the arterial branch kinking and avoids subsequent compromise is reported. Methods: Between January and December 2014, three patients developed arterial kinking during microscopic procedures, including two in the caudal loop of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery during microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia and one in a branch of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) during clipping for an unruptured MCA aneurysm. Blood flow insufficiency was confirmed by microvascular Doppler ultrasonography (MDU) and indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography. The prosthesis, which was made of shredded Teflon in two cases and oxidized cellulose in one case, was inserted into the crotch of the kinked arteries to correct the kinking of the arteries and restore the proper vascular shape and normal blood flow. Results: The small, ball-shaped prosthesis corrected the kinked arteries and maintained the proper shape, which was confirmed by ICG videoangiography and MDU during the operation and three-dimensional computerized tomography angiography postoperatively. Postoperatively, the patients did not manifest any ischemic sequelae related to the kinked arteries. Conclusion: The insertion of prostheses with fibrin glue into the crotch of a kinked artery for repair is considered a simple and useful method for correcting a kinked artery that avoids ischemic sequelae.