A STUDY IN DYNAMIC PHYTOCLIMATOLOGY IN THE NORTH OF PORTUGAL AND THE QUESTION OF MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATES IN PORTUGAL - The climate-vegetation relation in the north of Portugal is studied in a new way. The dynamic continuity of the climate is revealed by the existence of botanical "continuums". The vegetation sampling was made along a continous NW-SE line transect, 185 km long, parallel to the strongest pluviometric gradient. Multivariate analysis and some of the applications of the information theory were used in the floristic study. In the climate study the spatial patterns of daily values of precipitation were analysed for a period of three years. This description was also done by means of multivariate analysis, including CCA for the aerological explanation. A "threshold of hydric satisfaction", around 1400mm of mean annual rainfall seems to determine the existence of an Atlantic vegetation, between the Alvao and Falperra mountains and the Ocean. This vegetation is homogeneous because it does not respond to the udometric variations above this level. To the east, the Atlantic vegetation rapidly dissapears. The comparison between daily precipitation regimes in the different stations and the dynamic interpretation of the differences bring some light to the discussion about the climate in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula: is it an Atlantic or a Mediterranean climate? In the maritime coast of Portugal these two influences mingle, as opposed to the sheltered interior provinces.


This is a unique book which would make an important contribution to any learning disability, mental health or children's nursing programme. It holds particular significance in the context of the Modernising Social Services White Paper published last year.


Abstract : This project aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) of organ injury following exposure to sublethal doses of the organophosphorus agent, sarin. The lethal toxic effect of sarin exposure is caused by irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and subsequently excessive stimulation of postsynaptic cholinergic receptors. However, much less is known about the effects of low-dose sarin exposure on functions of critical brain regions. Neurotoxicity caused by sarin exposure can be mediated by pathways independent of the cholinergic system. Since the hippocampus plays an important role in cognitive functions (including learning and memory), and is one of the most sensitive brain regions to sarin-induced injury, the focus of this study is to investigate differential gene expression and pathway perturbation in this brain region, using microarray technology combined with advanced bioinformatics. Sarin treatment resulted in differential expression of a large number of genes. Most of these genes showed increased expression, especially at the 6-hour and 25-day time points. However, significant gene repression was observed at the 10-day time point. Pathway analysis revealed that one of the direct effects of sarin cellular toxicity could be related to DNA damage and inhibition of the glutathione antioxidant system, which triggered the up-regulation of the apoptotic pathways at early time points.


Summary form only given. DiPS (diversified plasma simulator), a new versatile linear machine (length=4000 mm, diameter=200-600 mm) is introduced for development of electric probe technology and its applications. As a unique feature for the diversified uses of sources and divertor simulator experiments, space and processing simulation chambers can be detached from and attached to the divertor simulation chamber by rail. To verify current theories and develop new theories of electric probes with magnetic field, collisionality, various particle source, and wide range of plasma parameters: density=106-10 14 cm-3, electron temperature=1-10 eV, magnetic field=0-2 kG, plasma types=RF and DC. To make a stable high density DC plasma, LaB6 disk of 4 inches is used as thermal electron emission source. Heater of LaB6 disk is made of graphite and the heating power is about 5 kW. Initial plasma density of the LaB6 source is 5times1012 cm-3, electron temperature is 8-10 eV. Plasma size is about 40 mm at pressure of 1.6 mtorr in test region and 100 mtorr in source region, which can be expanded up to 100 mm in diameter with lower magnetic field. Helicon plasma source is also developed as a high density RF plasma source in DiPS, which generates the plasma with density of 2times1013 cm-3 and electron temperature 3.5 eV for the RF power of 2.5 kW at optimum pressure of 7.5 mtorr. DiPS is to be utilized as simulators for fusion edge plasmas, space plasma and processing plasma


The utility model discloses a nitrogen charging device which comprises at least one nitrogen cylinder (1) positioned in a general region (10). The outlet of the nitrogen cylinder (1) is at least connected with a first filter (2) positioned in the general region (10) and at least one first pressure reducing valve (3) positioned in the general region (10) through a pipeline sequentially; then the pipeline enters a clean region; the pipeline which enters the clean region is connected with a stainless steel ball valve, a second filter (5) and a second pressure reducing valve (6) sequentially; the outlet of the pipeline is at least provided with a front nitrogen charging using point (8) and a rear nitrogen charging using point (9); and the outlets of the pipeline of the front nitrogen charging using point (8) and the rear nitrogen charging using point (9) are respectively provided with stainless steel ball valves (4). With the adoption of the device, the purposes of removing water, removing oil, removing dust and degerming are fulfilled; and then the nitrogen charging device is used for aseptic subpackage, so that each bottle of medicine is ensured to be protected by nitrogen, and the safety of the medicine is improved.


Die bisher unbekannte Verbindung Pb9Al8O21 wurde in einkristalliner Form dargestellt und rontgenographisch untersucht (Raumgruppe TPa3; a = 1326 pm, Z = 4). In ein weitraumiges AlO4-Tetraedergerust sind [Pb9O2]14+-Baueinheiten eingelagert.

Solid State Chemistry of Lead Monoxid Compounds. I. About Pb9Al8O21

The hitherto unknown compound Pb9Al8O21 was prepared and examined by single crystal methods (space group TPa3; a = 1326 pm, Z = 4). AlO4 tetrahedra form a threedimensional network with large cavities containing [Pb9O2]14+ groups.


of reforms, parental choice plans come in many varieties, but each involves transferring some or all of the decision-making power to assign children to particular schools from local authority to parents and individual schools. Choice reforms also usually entail increasing the variety of schools that can be selected. Choice proposals can be placed on a continuum, with public school open-enrollment options at one end and voucher systems that include private schools at the other. Overarching this continuum is an implicit or explicit concern with academic excellence. Markets in education will allegedly free schools from bureaucratic restrictions and thus establish preconditions for "improvement." Parental choice reforms would involve struggles on a variety of levels-the role of the state and civil society, the power that educators and government officials wield within the state, the form(s) of curriculum within the nation-state, and the distribution of educational benefits to students divided along class, regional, ethnic, and racial lines. Although scholars have devoted considerable attention to the politics of choice in the United States and other countries, comparative work has been limited until recently, and most of it has emanated from England.1 The United States and England provide a good basis for comparative analysis. Both are liberal-democratic, industrialized societies where the discourse of choice became salient during the ascendancy of what have


Introduction: Vocal fold polyps are caused by inflammation caused by stress or irritation. Laryngeal polyp may be a single polyp or more than one polyp affecting one vocal fold or both folds, translucent to red raspberry colored mass. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 40 patients, 32 males and 8 females. The mean age of the patients was 33 years; with a range of 23-55 years, suffering primarily from long standing dysphonia and were diagnosed by an otolaryngologist (Flexible naso pharyngo laryngoscope after application of painless topical anesthesia and rigid endoscopy) and voice pathologist through videostroboscopic analysis. First group, 20 patients had reinke's edema. Second group, 12 patients had unilateral multiple vocal fold polyps. Third group, 8 patients had bilateral vocal fold polyps. Results: First group Reinke's edema produces a deep, husky sounding voice, it is most commonly caused by tobacco/smoke exposure, but may also be aggravated by gastric reflux, second group, unilateral multiple or diffuse vocal fold polyps caused by intense intermittent voice use/abuse and the third group, bilateral vocal fold polyps and we found that its main etiology is abuse of voice and negligence of medical consultation for long time that leads to more trauma and development of more polyps. Conclusion: Reinke's edema, unilateral or bilateral multiple vocal cord polyps are a group of benign pathology can be collectively known as multiple laryngeal polyposis. It is a newly mentioned terminology, introduced by authors to describe collectively a picture of appearance of more than one polyp affecting either one or both vocal folds or the picture of classic Rreinke's edema.


The three‐body energy expansion in the fragment molecular orbital method (FMO) was applied to the 2nd order Møller–Plesset theory (MP2). The accuracy of both the two and three‐body expansions was determined for water clusters, alanine n‐mers (α‐helices and β‐strands) and one synthetic protein, using the 6‐31G* and 6‐311G* basis sets. At the best level of theory (three‐body, two molecules/residues per fragment), the absolute errors in energy relative to ab initio MP2 were at most 1.2 and 5.0 mhartree, for the 6‐31G* and 6‐311G* basis sets, respectively. The relative accuracy was at worst 99.996% and 99.96%, for 6‐31G* and 6‐311G*, respectively. A three‐body approximation was introduced and the optimum threshold value was determined. The protein calculation (6‐31G*) at the production level (FMO2/2) took 3 h on 36 3.2‐GHz Pentium 4 nodes and had the absolute error in the MP2 correlation energy of only 2 kcal/mol. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007


The invention discloses a solar outdoor unit of an air conditioner. The solar outdoor unit comprises a solar panel (1) and an outer unit (5) of the air conditioner. The front edge of the upper portion of the outdoor unit (5) of the air conditioner is connected with the front end of the solar panel (1) by hinges (2), two support columns (3) are arranged at two edges of the rear end of the upper surface of the outdoor unit (5) of the air conditioner, the tops of the support columns (3) are connected with the solar panel (1), adjusting blocks (4) are arranged on the support columns (3), and a blind window (6) is arranged at the front end of the outdoor unit (5) of the air conditioner. The solar outdoor unit of the air conditioner has the advantages that the solar panel is arranged on the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, so that an auxiliary power source can be provided for the air conditioner, and consumption of the mains supply can be reduced; the adjustable blind window is arranged on the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, so that the direction of wind blown by a fan can be adjusted, and influence on external pedestrians can be prevented; a wind power generation mechanism is arranged on the outdoor unit of the air conditioner, so that the wind blown by the fan can be utilized, and energy conversion application can be implemented.


Polymeric materials are widely used in space engineering because of the beneficial combination of their working properties. Being in harsh space environment conditions, mainly in the form of thin films, they are subjected to the action of numerous destructive factors that are absent during their exploitation on Earth. Most serious problems are connected with changes of thermo optical properties, deterioration of mechanical properties, production of components of the intrinsic outer atmosphere of spacecraft that respond to contamination of its surface, and last but not least, mass losses. Here, the main focus is on polymers of two types that are generally used in multilayer insulation (MLI) of spacecraft as thin films – polyimide Kapton H and perfluorocarbon polymers – polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). Both types of polymers show mass losses, but they are caused by different factors. For Kapton H, it is fast atomic oxygen (FAO) on low Earth orbits (LEO) (altitudes 200–1000 km). For PTFE and FEP, it is mainly the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) component of solar radiation (wavelengths 1–200 nm) (all altitudes for space flights). Possible mechanisms of mass losses are considered.

Keywords:

polymer destruction;
space environment;
atomic oxygen;
vacuum ultraviolet;
solar radiation


In this paper we introduce a novel pattern-based language modeling method. The method builds upon present standards for language modeling and extends them by lifting all of the limitations presupposed by strict definition of a pattern as language entity. In particular, pattern in the proposed method is loosely defined as any frequently appearing ordered combination of sentence elements. By defining a pattern this way we allow extraction of all possible language patterns, beginning with single words, through phrases, ending on sophisticated patterns representing a specific writing style. We discuss the advantages and the constraints for the use of this method and present the so far applications of the method as well as those planned in the near future.


An image-adaptive robust watermarking algorithm based on Markov random field is proposed for bad invisible effect of embedded watermark. The discrete cosine transform is carried out for the original image;Logistic mapping is used to create the watermark image chaos scrambled sequence;and the Markov random field is adopted to create noise visible function and gain the biggest distortion of every pixel. Experiment results indicate the algorithm has well invisible effect,big capacitance and strong robust.


Objective
To compare the diagnostic value of conventional imaging, U-type reversal mirror method, narrow band imaging, and chromoendoscopy for rectum polyps.

Methods
Data of 100 patients who underwent colonoscopy(conventional imaging, U-type reversal mirror method, narrow band imaging, and chromoendoscopy) were collected to observe the rectum polyps.The size, number, damage degree of intestinal mucosa, reversal view and pain degrees were recorded.

Results
The detection rates of conventional imaging group, U-type reversal mirror group, narrow band imaging group and chromoendoscopy group were 51.00%, 68.00%, 77.00% and 96.00% respectively. The detection rate of U-type reversal mirror group, narrow band imaging group and chromoendoscopy group improved significantly compared with that of the conventional imaging group(P 0.05); The detection rates of polyps with diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm were 7.84%(4/51), 5.88%(4/68), 5.19%(4/77), and 4.17%(4/96)(P>0.05); The detection rates of polyps with diameter over 1.0 cm were 7.84%(4/51), 7.35%(5/68), 6.49%(5/77), 6.25%(6/96)(P>0.05).

Conclusion
The U-type reversal mirror method is safe with little pain and higher detection rate of rectum polyps. U-type reversal mirror method combined with narrow band imaging or chromoendoscopy during colonoscopy can improve the detection rate of rectum polyps especially for those whose diameter is smaller than 0.5 cm.

Key words:
Rectum polyps; U-type reversal back mirror method; Narrow band imaging; Chromoendoscopy


Two important trends of modern modular robotics research are module size reduction and the increase of the total number of modules in a robotic system. Smaller and simpler modules are expected to be cheaper if fabricated in bulk and easier to selectively replace in a modular system in case of failures. Stochastic methods of modular robots assembly and reconfiguration enable individual module simplification and miniaturization because modules can be constructed without on-board power supplies, locomotion controllers, or actuators [1, 2]. However, stochastic reconfiguration is in many respects dependent upon the properties and operation of the environment where the modules reconfigure [3-5]. This paper discusses the challenges in design and control of the artificial environment constructed for experiments in threedimensional stochastic reconfiguration of modular robots.


Abstract Fischer E., Schäferhoff B. & Müller K.: The phylogeny of Linderniaceae - The new genus Linderniella, and new combinations within Bonnaya, Craterostigma, Lindernia, Micranthemum, Torenia and Vandellia. — Willdenowia 43: 209–238. December 2013. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2013 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. Stable URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.43.43201 The recently described Linderniaceae are a monophyletic group that emerged in the course of the disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae in the last years. First molecular studies sampled only a small fraction of the genera assigned to the Linderniaceae, but later Lindernia was shown to be non-monophyletic. Here we used a plastid trnK/matK sequence dataset to get further insights into the relationships within Linderniaceae. The genus Lindernia as accepted to date is shown to be polyphyletic. Stemodiopsis is found to be sister to the remaining Linderniaceae, and the genera Psammetes and Bryodes are found to be nested in a Lindernia s.str. clade. We present a taxonomic framework, taking account of the phylogenetic relationships in the family, and a first key to the genera. The genera Bonnaya and Vandellia are resurrected and a new genus Linderniella is described. The following eight replacement names are proposed: Craterostigma engleri, C. tanzanicum, Lindernia benthamii, L. lemuriana, Linderniella pusilla, Torenia bonatii, T. davidii and T. philcoxii. Seventy-seven new combinations are made in Bonnaya, Craterostigma, Lindernia, Linderniella, Micranthemum, Torenia and Vandellia.


How to effectively manage the computer lab is an issue which lab staff are usually concerned about. This paper points out the main problems in the management of computer labs and provides solutions including perfecting various management regulations and computer operation rules,as well as taking effective technical measures and making reasonable teaching arrangements to solve the problems.


Introduction: Capping of contaminated sediments with a layer of clean material to create a barrier between the sediment and the aquatic environment is a widely used method for sediment remediation [13]. In order to asses the remediation efficiency (RE) of a cap, direct measurement of diffusive transport of contaminants is essential for both the design and the monitoring phase of the project. This paper present two innovative methods for flux measurements and discuses the applicability and limitations of mineral materials in engineered caps.


Objective:To investigate effect of two ways in treating cases with thrypsis of femur shaft.Methods:The 60 cases with thrypsis of femur shaft in our hospital from January of 2008 to January of 2009 were divided into the observe group and the control group,the observe group received the treatment of interlocking intramedullary pin,the control group received the treatment of compression plate internal fixation.Results:The operation time and fracture healing time in observe group was fewer than that in control group,and there was significant difference in them respectively (P0.05). The hemorrhage of operation in observe group was fewer than that in control group,and there was significant difference in them respectively( P 0.05).The complication rate was 6.67% in observe group and 33.33% in control group,there was significant difference in them(P0.05). Conclusion:The effect of interlocking intramedullary pin in treating cases with thrypsis of femur shaft is superior to that of compression plate internal fixation,so it is worth being used widly.


Many have suggested that issues of democracy are fundamentally related to school curricula and contexts (Conant, 1948; Dewey, 1944; Dimitriadis and Carlson, 2003; West, 2004). Current social theorists have suggested that a globalized social, economic, and cultural structure has necessitated a rethinking of the relationships between individuals, communities, and institutions. It follows, then, that the premise that democracy must be reinvented (Dewey [1937] 1964; Foucault 2003; Hardt and Negri, 2000) necessarily leads to new notions of curriculum, schools, and education itself. This article argues that thinking through these notions as ways in which to engage the social studies may prove fruitful for those working within critical approaches to education. This cultural studies approach holds as fundamental to our argument that the shifting nature of the political, as part of a greater social structure, simultaneously affects and requires a reimagining of the pedagogical.


Purpose – This paper aims to present a literature review on models developed for the economic order quantity (EOQ) problem with incremental and all-units discounts, extending the work of Benton and Park (1996) which covered the most significant literature, from 1963 to 1994, about EOQ with discounts and that has identified four open areas in this field of study. The modeling of lot size with discounts wishes to give good solutions for realistic situations, such as those concerning the discounts offered by suppliers, to rises in the demand. Design/methodology/approach – The research was carried out in papers published from 1995 to 2013, and indexed in databases as Scopus and ISI Web of Science. The papers were compared through objective function, constraints, discounts, developed algorithms, allowance of shortages or multiproduct, demand pattern and buyer or buyer–supplier perspective. Findings – Results indicate two areas that still remain untouched, and probably the main cause is due to mathematical comp...


Resonance Raman spectra of BexZn1−xO alloy materials were studied using 325 nm Laser. The research showed that the Raman spectra of BexZn1−xO alloys presents a dual-mode vibration. Compare BexZn1−xO alloy with ZnO single crystal, the A1 (LO) phonon vibration mode of BexZn1−xO alloy moved to the larger wave number direction. The position of A1 (LO) phonon vibration modes of Be0.08Zn0.92O and Be0.12Zn0.88O was 580 cm−1 and 582 cm−1, respectively. In addition, the temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy was employed for Be0.12Zn0.88O, and the phonon mode frequency shift with temperature was studied in detail. Finally, the stability of the polar and nonpolar BexZn1−xO alloy materials was studied using resonance Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the A1 (LO) phonon mode frequency of polar BexZn1−xO alloy remained in the same position, while the nonpolar BexZn1−xO alloys moved nearly 3.5 cm−1 to larger direction after being placed in the air for two years. The reason may be that the stability of the nonpolar BexZn1−xO alloy is relatively poor upon interaction with molecule such as H2O, O2 in the air.


Background: Increasing life expectancy and declining fertility, resulting from improved healthcare systems worldwide, has resulted in a growing elderly population. The paradigm shift of the population towards the aged has tremendous health implications. Therefore, this study intends to examine the five domains of geriatric impairment: physical, cognitive, hearing, vision, and speech impairment. Methods: The prevalence and factors associated with geriatric impairment were examined in this study by utilizing Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave-I data. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used as study tools. Results: The study has demonstrated that higher age had a gradient of negative impact on the older adults, although for the unadjusted model. Results found that female elderly (OR=0.81; C.I.= 0.68-0.97) and educated elderly likely (OR=0.57; C.I.= 0.32-1.02) were less likely to report geriatric impairment than their respective counterparts. Conclusion: There is a need to building partnerships to develop effective programs tackling impairment among the elderly. Launching programs that provide education for older adults to elicit potential health benefits may reduce impairment progression.


OBJECTIVE
To observe the effect of lateral needling at Lianquan (CV 23) for post-stroke dysphagia, and explore its mechanism.

METHODS
A total of 64 patients with post-stroke dysphagia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 32 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with conventional basic treatment. The observation group was treated with lateral needling at CV 23, without needle retaining, once a day. The control group was treated with swallowing rehabilitation training, once a day. Both groups were treated for 5 days a week, with 2 days interval, 1 week as one course and 4 courses were required. Before and after treatment, the Kubota water swallowing test grade and standardized swallowing assessment (SSA) score were compared in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was used to measure the hyoid bone movement displacement and pharyngeal delivery time in the observation group.

RESULTS
Compared before treatment, the Kubota water swallowing test grade after treatment was improved in the two groups (P<0.05), and the observation group was superior to the control group (P<0.05); the SSA scores after treatment were decreased in the two groups (P<0.05), and the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). Compared before treatment, the hyoid bone movement displacement was increased and pharyngeal delivery time was shortened after treatment in the observation group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION
Lateral needling at CV 23 could improve dysphagia symptoms in patients with post-stroke dysphagia, its mechanism may be related to the increasing of hyoid bone movement displacement and shortening of pharyngeal delivery time.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an environmental comfort control system and its control method capable of automatically adjusting comfort of an indoor environment by automatically controlling indoor equipment when entering of persons into a room is detected.SOLUTION: An environmental comfort control method starts an auto-calculation program of an environmental comfort control system when entering of persons into a room space is detected. The automatic calculation program acquires indoor or outdoor environment parameter from a sensor, calculates a present comfort index, and then calculates a target comfortable temperature/humidity adjustment value necessary to achieve the optimum comfort index on the basis of the present comfort index. The control system operates the indoor equipment on the basis of the calculated target comfortable temperature/humidity adjustment value, to implement the control so that the indoor environment achieves the optimum comfort index.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4


Vanadium and its alloy-based hydrides are extensively studied with regard to their use as hydrogen absorbents. The ion beam-assisted deposition method (IBAD) used for nanocrystalline VNxHy thin-film hydrogen storages production is analyzed. The data of transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies of all stages of the film formation are considered. The main mechanisms of intergranular pores formation in nanograin structures have been established. The relation between the parameters of the ion beam-assisted deposition and those of film structure has been shown. The obtained data provide the explanation of the mechanisms of hydrogen absorption and desorption by thin films. It was suggested that the availability of branched network of intergranular pores allows accumulating the hydrogen by VNx-Hy nano structures in large quantities and release it at the temperatures less than 275°C.


In neurological research, the HH model and many modified forms have been successfully used to study the neurological dynamics of many neurological and other excitable cell disorders. It has been shown by medical researchers that many neuronal diseases are related to bifurcation of ion channels. For example, sodium channel dynamics are involved in epilepsy, potassium and calcium channels have also been found to be associated with Alzheimer's disease. It is also known that the threshold for normal spiking requires contribution from both non-linear (voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels) and linear currents (leak channel). Therefore, study of bifurcation of calcium ion is very important.


This forum article discusses using disciplinary literacy approaches for reading literary text targeting interpretation as a goal. Disciplinary literacy approaches make the assumption that literacy tasks and processes differ based upon the demands, goals, and epistemology of each discipline and that identifying these differences is key toward creating instruction for students. As such, we explicate a disciplinary approach to help build interpretation skills of developmental readers while working through literary texts within English language arts contexts and settings.


According to the given parameter,design hydraulic turbine model.By using FLUENT software to simulate 3-d steady turbulent flow through the whole flow passage of hydraulic turbine model,numerical simulation based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and finite coordinates and staggered grids,to control equation transformation and discrete.Adopt SIMPLEC algorithm to realize speed and pressure separation of variables solution.Steady turbulent flow calculation adopt standard k-e turbulence model.Simulation obtained under different operation conditions of hydraulic turbine every internal flow components of flow mechanism.The numerical calculation method and results have great significant for the hydraulic optimization design of turbine.


Space charge formation in low-density polyethylene film containing a small amount of MgO nanoparticles (LDPE/MgO nanocomposite film) subjected to a high electric field greater than 100 kV/mm has been studied using an improved pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) system. No marked space charge formation was observed in LDPE/MgO nanocomposite films. To discuss the mechanism of no space charge accumulation in LDPE/MgO nonocomposite film, we assumed that both electric potential wells produced by a permanent dipole moment such as that of a carbonyl radical (C=0) and an induced dipole consisting of MgO nanoparticles (spherical dielectrics) under a high electric field create a trapping site for electric charge carriers. The trapping depth created by the permanent dipole moment such as that of the carbonyl radical (C=0) of chemical impurity defects is about 0.45 eV. However, that induced by high-permittivity dielectric nanoparticles is about 1.5 to 5.0 eV, which is much deeper than that of chemical impurity defects. The suppression of space charge formation is explained using the potential well model consisting of an induced dipole by a high-permittivity dielectric nanoparticle.


Asymmetric reduction of prochiral keto esters with a reagent, generated by treatment of a mixture of tin(II) chloride and a chiral diamine derived from (S)-proline with diisobutylaluminum hydride, afforded the corresponding optically active hydroxy esters.


This article examines the roles taken by seats in the buildings that form the lifeworld of Pathars—traditional Tamil goldsmiths—as an ideoscape following their migration to Penang during the British colonial period in the 19th century. This study used a phenomenological ethnography method to bring Pathars' lived experiences with their physical environment to the forefront, highlighting the subjectiveness of architecture that shapes their lifeworld. The ideoscape of seats is analysed in themes to examine the power and politics of seats in the Pathars' lifeworlds, including present-day migrant workers. To find a seat is a metaphor that elicits discussion on Pathars' existential lives and highlights how this community has attempted to negotiate its way as agents of change or to bring the agency to their position in creating spatial norms in place amidst the state reifying its enclaves with essentialised notions of ethnic identity, following the formation of nation-states.


THROUGH the kindness of Mr. Josiah H. Combs, of Hindman, Knott County, Kentucky, an indefatigable collector of the folk-lore of that region, I am enabled to present to readers of the Journal the following signs, charms, and other curious beliefs. The population of this country is almost entirely English, having been settled about a century and a quarter ago by emigrants from Virginia and North Carolina moving westward through the various " gaps " or " breaks " in the Cumberland range. No negroes have ever lived there. A list before me of over two hundred family names common to this district reveals an almost purely Saxon stock, a very few being apparently of Scottish origin. Thus the following items are unaffected by foreign admixture or influence.


In July 2015 we observed the first Bell inequality violation with all experimental loopholes closed. We discuss this experiment as well as new results on the road towards a large-scale quantum network of diamond spins.


Today Internet is the most widely used medium for accessing the information. On the internet, many websites are available for providing the information and also most of the services are getting Online such banking, insurance, shopping etc. These services providing websites requires the strong authentication. Multiple authentication methods have been developed such smart card based system, one time password, SMS based OTP system and some using biometric features. Some of these authentication systems require hardware devices, and this increases the cost. Users also have their accounts at many web sites, and they have to remember passwords of all these sites. To make the access easier, many websites support the concept of federated identity management, in which the user having a single account can log on to the other websites by authenticating themselves to a single identity provider. Android smart phones are getting more popular. In this paper, a system is proposed for secured authentication using Challenge Response, Quick Response Code, the identity provider and mobile phone, the most commonly used device. A Quick Response code is a two dimensional matrix code. It can store large amount of encrypted data, and it also has error correction ability.


Introduction: Living Well with Spinal Cord Injury. General Health Issues. The Cardiovascular System The Respiratory System The Gastrointestinal System The Genitourinary System The Musculoskeletal System Skin Care Your Emotional Well Being. Mobility Issues. Wheelchairs Vans and Minivans A Fresh Look at Rehabilitation. Financial Issues. Managing Your Finances Managing A Home Health Attendant Insurance Issues. Appendices. A Note for Caregivers Glossary Resources References. Index.


The common faults existing in the operating substation automation systems are analyzed and summarized:communication network fault,data acquisition fault,false alarm and mismatch between devices from different manufacturers.Their causes are analyzed based on a mass of site data,including quality,communication interface,openness and so on,and the corresponding treatments and improvement measures are proposed.


The article analyses an unpublished letter from Eduard Norden to Otto Crusius; in this letter the new graduate Norden suggests two conjectures to Apuleius' Metamorphoses.


Objective To investigate prevention and cure effect of Ulinastatin(UTI) combined with XUEBIJING(XBJ) on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) induced by lip polysaccharide(LPS) in sheep.Methods 50 sheep were randomly separated into 5 groups : the control(Group A),model group(Group B),UTI group(Group C),XBJ group(Group D) and UTI + XBJ group(Group E),10 sheep each group.The MODS model was established by LPS in sheep.It was prevented and cured by UTI,XBJ and UTI + XBJ.Then the physical sign appearance was observed and the indexes of blood gas,blood routine and blood biochemistry were determined in each group.Results The sheep in UTI+XBJ group,the physical sign appearance was obviously alleviative,the death rate was markedly degraded.Arterial oxygen pressure(PaO2),the biochemical indexes and the number of WBC was regulated efficiently.Conclusion UTI + XBJ could improve obviously physical sign appearance,degrade the death rate and it had favourable preventive and therapeutic effect on damage in multiple organ.


For practical applications, Denisyuk type holograms offer important advantages. So this recording geometry is utilized to develop a compact holographic double-exposure interferometer based on a photorefractive SBN:Ce crystal as storage material. A preliminary report on the realized interferometer is given, present limitations are determined and proposals for further improvements are outlined.


Abstract : This report presents the effects of Total Force Policy on DoD's wartime logistics support structure. The Reserve Component now has a major responsibility for many critical logistics functions. The DoD cannot deploy and receive the surge of combat units into a theater nor support those units already in place without an immediate and significant infusion of Guard and Reserve logistics units.


The liberalization process of the gas sector has showed that the reasoning to introduce competition in gas industries separates the services in at least two groups: commodities with relatively low transaction costs, and hence suitable to short-term market coordination, and network services which concentrate most of the specificities related to the physical flows. However, the way to coordinate such network services is still under debate. In this view, in USA specific services are coordinated through long term contracts, whereas the EU regulatory frame socializes the costs of the network services. In this paper, we develop a general analysis of the major consequences of this fundamental regulatory choice. In addition, we build on such analysis to explain the differences among the current proposals to design the coming European Internal Market.


A qualitative comparison is made between laser direct writing and laser ablation as enabling technologies for the structuring of multimode waveguides (50x50μm2) and 45° micro-mirrors into an optical layer. A small demonstrator is fabricated that allows us to couple light vertically from a transmitter into an optical layer and from the optical layer to a receiver. The optical layer, a multifunctional acrylate-based photo-polymer, is applied on an FR4-substrate. Multimode waveguides, that carry signals in the plane of the optical layer, are fabricated by means of laser direct writing, a technology that is available at HWU. The 45° micro-mirrors, that provide out-of-plane coupling, are ablated with the laser ablation set-up available at UGent. This set-up contains a KrF-excimer laser (248nm) that can be tilted, which eases the definition of angled facets. Surface roughness measurements are performed on both the optical layer and the micro-mirrors with a non-contact optical profiler. Loss measurements are performed on both the waveguides and the micro-mirrors.


Over the last 20 years, some urban sociologists have placed Fischer's 1975 article, "Subcultural Theory of Urbanism," on equal footing with Wirth's 1938 classic, "Urbanism as a Way of Life," as an explanation of urban-rural differences. But ambiguities in Fischer's subcultural theory require clarification before its validity can be thoroughly judged. Ironically, a few of these conceptual problems may have led to underestimating the theory's plausibility. Recent empirical research is typically consistent with subcultural theory but includes important failures and significant gaps. Clearer theoretical specification should enable researchers to better test subcultural theory and decide among different explanations of urbanism's social implications.


The lodging resistances of super hybrid early rice Zhuliangyou02 under different nitrogen fertilizer rates were researched for two years.The results showed that below the range of applying nitrogen fertilizer that convert into pure nitrogen by 180 kg/hm2,applying slow-release nitrogen fertilizer can obviously enhance lodging resistance of Zhuliangyou02 in late growth period,the optimum fertilizer rate was middle-high amount,namely convert into pure nitrogen by 142.5~150 kg/hm2.The lodging resistance of Zhuliangyou02 applied with nitrogen fertilizer had significant difference between different years and different periods.There was no lodging of plant during two years,it may relate to the low plant height and low biomass of Zhuliangyou02.The lodging index showed extremely significant negative correlation with root vigor,leaf area index,chlorophyll content and single plant lodging resistance,extremely significant positive correlation with malondialdehyde(MDA) content,and significant positive correlation with superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity.The biggest factors contributed for plant lodging were in order of MDA content and the single plant biomass,and the biggest factors contributed for lodging resistance were in order of root vigor,single plant lodging resistance,chlorophyll content and SOD activity.


Soka Gakkai International (SGI) is a movement that currently claims more than 12 million members world-wide and representation in 192 countries or territories. This chapter deals with the prayer for the dead, which forms part of the daily liturgy of Soka Gakkai. It opens with a quotation from Nichiren, the radical monk and teacher, who first promoted the exclusive practice of the Lotus Sutra on which Soka Gakkai is based. The analysis in the chapter is based on publications produced by Soka Gakkai and on fieldwork among Soka Gakkai Buddhists. Finally, the chapter argues that the prayer for the dead and indeed the wider liturgy in which the prayer is embedded, is used by members to do the 'griefwork' that helps them to renegotiate their relationships with deceased family members, friends, and other acquaintances and in this way maintain their bonds with them. Keywords: griefwork; Lotus Sutra ; Nichiren; prayer for the dead; Soka Gakkai International (SGI)


The article presents the results of studying the descriptors of interceptive sensations in phantom limb pain in people after lower limb amputations. After lower limb amputations patients suffer from painful sensations. The number of descriptors tends to grow with the increase in the intensity of pain. The analysis of lingvo semantic signification of pain sensations and emotional attitude to pain indicates a high differentiation degree of semantic units in intensive pain; while people with mild pain in the phantom limb pain manifested narrowing of the range of significant lingvo semantic units.


The problem of conversion of IDEF3 models of the business processes in UML diagrams for system simulation SIM UML. The conceptual approach and features of the mechanism of transformation of individual elements of the IDEF3 model and software implementation of the algorithm conversion are described. The conversion results enable to use previously created IDEF3 model for the synthesis of simulation models and subsequent optimization of resource business processes.


Considering the features of microgrid with grid-connected photovoltaic(PV) generation,a PV grid-connecting and power quality control system that not only can implement grid-connection of PV generation but also can implement reactive power compensation and filter harmonic currents is proposed.Firstly,the architecture and principle of the proposed system are presented and its mathematical model is built;then a dead-bead compound control strategy suitable to the proposed system is put forward,and theoretical calculation of pulse width modulation under the proposed control strategy is emphatically analyzed and the method to acquire compound instruction is given;finally,the simulation model and experimental platform for the proposed system are constructed and a concrete scheme to implement the proposed system is given.Operational data shows that the architecture and control strategy for the proposed system are effective and reasonable.


The current infrastructure and technology system of the Internet are facing major challenges in terms of intelligence, diversification, personalization, robustness, and efficiency. It is urgent to change the network infrastructure and build a polymorphic definable and intelligent network. This paper studies and judges the development trend of network technologies in China and abroad, proposes the development goal of polymorphic definable and intelligent network, and extracts a list of key cutting-edge technologies for foresight. Based on these, the development roadmap of polymorphic definable and intelligent network in China for 2035 is constructed. China should prospect the research and development of key technologies including network architecture, addressing and routing, full-dimensional definability, network intelligence, and network robust control, and guide the development of relevant industries through the key contents including core chips, products, and systems. Demonstration projects can be deployed to promote the implementation of intelligent network business, including projects concerning information infrastructure, vertical industry network, space–earth integrated network, ubiquitous interconnection of human and things. In addition, this paper proposes some suggestions on the guarantee measures of polymorphic definable and intelligent network in China from the aspects of policy guarantee, scientific research platform support and joint research, international communication expansion, and human resource cultivation and employment.


In the years 1918-1939 in Polish primary schools pedagogic and tutelary issues played a significant role. They were entered in the schools statutes and constituted part of the didactic process. Following the directions ofstate education the school aimed at forming in pupils the attitude of respect to work, to national culture and tradition as well as to Christian values. The personal example of the teachers was to play an important role in achieving these aims. As part of their pedagogical work the schools organized a great number of events and celebrations on the occasions of historic events; the celebrations had both a state and religious character. Besides events that developed patriotic feelings in pupils there were also a lot of other celebrations, connected with the local tradition. In their programs there were often performances presented by the pupils themselves. They enjoyed a great popularity and great audiences came to see them; they were also highly appreciated by the parents. Besides developing patriotic attitudes in the pupils they also evoked artistic feelings in them; another aim was to raise financial means for the school needs and for giving help to poor pupils. Such collections did not always produce desired effects, which was due to the pauperization of the society, especially in the country. Also sightseeing trips were an important element-of the pedagogical process. They had considerable didactic values, which made it easier to follow the curricula. The number of trips, however, depended to a large degree on the parents' financial means. Organizations that existed in the primary schools also played an important role in forming civic attitudes in the pupils. They were one of the elements of the pedagogic process. A decided majority of them were set up at the beginning of the forties, as the new law about the educational system explicitly stressed state education. In the schools of the TarnOw District first of all such pupils' organizations were active as Polish Red Cross (PCK), League for the Preservation of Nature (LOPiP), scouting, School Savings Bank (SKO), Marine and Colonial League, Young Men and Women's Association, Eucharistic Crusade, Catholic Youth Association, Legion of the Youth, Rifleman and others. In most schools there were also school shops and active school self-governments. Day-rooms also played a great role in the area of pedagogical-tutelary work; however, they only existed in town schools. In the country there were no financial resources to open them. The day-rooms operating in town schools to a large degree worked owing to Parents' Committees that supplied the money. They were the places where poor pupils were given food, where dances were organized, and where pupils could get extra lessons. In the generally difficult economical situation of the district the tutelary role of the school became more important than the pedagogic one. The headmasters and teachers made various efforts in order to help children coming from families whose financial situation was bad. The forms that were most often encountered are: giving food; buying clothes, shoes, school accessories, handbooks; organizing free trips and summer holidays. The money came from local School Councils, Parents' Committees, self-government authorities, the Catholic Church, school shops' income, performances and charity events. Parents' Committees also played an important role in the pedagogic and tutelary process. Mutual communication between the school and parents gave good results to both parties. However, the parents' participation in the life of the school was not always satisfactory, which resulted not only from their poverty but also from their low consciousness level connecting the role and significance of the school.


Subject
 Chinese lending to Africa.

 Significance
 Amid fears of a new African debt crisis, China's role as a major development financier faces increasing scrutiny. However, the 'debt-trap diplomacy' debate mischaracterises the underlying mechanisms driving Chinese lending while obscuring the legitimate reasons to be wary of Chinese financing practices.

 Impacts
 Washington will try to use the 'debt-trap' angle as a lever against Chinese influence, while its own Africa strategy remains slow and vague.
 As Chinese-backed projects face more scrutiny, host nations may impose tighter requirements and rework or cancel some existing projects.
 Amid domestic concern over slowing growth and profligate spending, Beijing may tighten regulations to prevent funding of unviable projects.


The title compound consists of discrete complexes with the composition Co(NCS)2(tetramethylthiourea)2, in which the CoII cations are tetrahedrally coordinated by two N-bonded thiocyanate anions and two tetramethylthiourea ligands. These complexes are linked by intermolecular C—H⋯S hydrogen bonds into layers that are parallel to the ab plane.


SYNOPSIS. Ichthyosporidium sp. Schwartz, 1963, apparently identical with the type species, I. giganteum (Thelohan, 1895) Swarczewsky, 1914, was studied with the electron microscope. Only late stages, a mature cyst containing sporulation stages and a cyst in the terminal (necrotic) stage were observed. The cyst, originating from host tissue, is a highly organized structure that is integrated with the surrounding connective tissue by means of numerous conspicuous processes. It is interpreted as essentially a manifestation of a defensive reaction of the host that is elicited by the parasite and then used to its advantage. Eventually the cyst dies and disintegrates. This type of cyst, peculiar among those associated with microsporidia, may be regarded as a distinctive character of the poorly defined genus Ichthyosporidium. Other observations let to an hypothesis which reconciles several different views regarding the identity of the Golgi complex. According to this new interpretation, these different views concern different aspects af the total complex. When all such views are integrated, a "classical Golgi" can be recognized in the presporoblastic stages and the "primitive Golgi" concept disappears. This "classical Golgi" then becomes highly modified during spore morphogenesis, giving rise to many of the internal organelles that are peculiar to the spore.


The author of the article investigates the reaction of Czechoslovakia, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Romania, Austria and Germany on Charles Habsburg's restoration attempts to retrieve the Hungarian crown in March, April and October, 1921. The work is based on archival and published documents. The author pays special attention to the diplomatic, political and military collaboration of Czechoslovakia, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and Romania and to the forming of the Little Entente as a military and political alliance. The influence of the position of the Austrian government during Charles Habsburg's first putsch on the domestic situation in that country and the international relation in Central Europe is analysed in the paper. The author of the article also demonstrates the character of the international negotiations in the issue dealing with Burgenland, Beneš's attempts to be a moderator during the negotiations and the reaction of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, Romania and Italy to them. The changes of the international relations in Central Europe at this time are also investigated in details. Besides that, Czechoslovakia was making attempts not only to strengthen the cooperation of the members of the Little Entente but also to isolate Hungary and to weaken its relations with Austria and Poland. The politicians in Prague achieved this purpose by concluding the treaties with Poland on 6 November 1921 and Austria on 16 December 1921. The successes of the Little Entente in the resistance against the Habsburgs' restoration in Hungary dealt with the enforcement of its international, political and military positions in Central Europe. The German diplomats considered the activity of the Czechoslovakia and its country members as an attempt to isolate Germany. Under those conditions Germany and Hungary were both interested in cooperation. The negotiations between Hungary and Germany during the autumn of 1921 and the co-ordination of these states' attitude with a number of international problems are analysed in the article.


Business-to-business (B2B) e-marketplaces - new entities spawned by the Internet - provide a broad range of supply chain management services, including digital catalogues, online auctions, logistics services, supply chain planning and even design collaboration. Although the majority of the e-marketplaces launched in the past decade have failed, hundreds have survived and in some cases thrived (Day et al. 2003; Laseter and Capers 2002). This paper reports a study of a sample of B2B e-marketplace survivors to identify the attributes linked to financial performance. The paper presents a conceptual framework for B2B e-marketplace success drawing upon the strategic management literature of Industrial Organization Economics, the Resource-Based View and Competitive Heterogeneity. The conceptual model is tested through regression analyses of revenue and profitability drivers captured in a survey of 273 surviving e-marketplaces. While by no means resolving the varying viewpoints regarding the strategic indicators ...


In order to solve one of the main negative effects of in-wheel driving system, caused by heavy unsprung mass, a new kind of design is put forward: in which in-wheel motor is used not only as a driving part, but also as a mass element in a dynamic vibration absorber. By changing motor from unsprung mass into sprung mass, the dynamic vibration absorber is no longer constrained by in-wheel space and vehicle mass. Due to the reduction of unsprung mass, vertical performance of vehicle, especially wheel ground adhesion is improved. An efficiency, compact and reliable system is designed in the paper.


This article describes the differing reactions of the New York Protestant and Roman Catholic voluntary sectors to persuasion and subsequent 1942 legislation requiring racially integrated child welfare services. Whereas Roman Catholic agencies integrated before the passage of the Race Discrimination Amendment, most of the Protestant sector resisted. An analysis of organizational, demographic, and ideological factors affecting the two sectors reveals gross differences that explain the disparity. Had the promulgators of the amendment considered these factors as they developed their plan, they might have considered additional modifications. Such analyses should become a routine part of any policy change effort.


The effect of the level of fat substitution in cakes as well as the type of fat replacer on the textural behaviour of the product was investigated by instrumental and sensory analysis. Samples, which were varying in levels (35, 65 and 100%) and types (carbohydrate or protein based) of fat substitution were subjected to a compression test and the obtained stress strain, sigmoid curves were fitted to a mathematical model. All samples with fat substitutes presented steeper stress-strain curves compared to control, indicating greater firmness and lower crumbliness of the texture, which was also verified by the sensory analysis. According to the sensory evaluation the increase of substitution level results in increased firmness, and decreased crumbliness and mouth feel decomposition. There was generally an agreement between instrumental and sensory results except for resistance to deformation that appeared to be lower by instrumental analysis of samples containing higher than 65% fat substitute due to the presence of larger pores in their structure. The greatest differentiation of cake firmness among the different fat substitutes was observed at 100% substitution with the protein based fat substitute presenting the highest resistance to deformation and consequently the highest firmness, which was also verified by the sensory analysis. Samples with total fat replacement were evaluated as not acceptable by the sensory panel regardless of the type of the fat substitute.


As a new kind of internet communication tools,microblog already more and more widely affects all aspects of social life.Taking sina microblog as a platform,this paper investigates and analyses the present situation of the application of microblog in provincial public libraries of China,and puts forward the measures of provincial public libraries to deepen service with the microblog platform.


We propose a general framework for information theoretic feature selection based on the integer programming. Filter feature selection methods usually rely on a greedy forward or backward selection heuristic to find a satisfactory set of features, as the exact search is a combinatorial problem. We formulate the existing filter information theoretic criteria into an integer programming problem, and by using objective functions, we can represent many different existing scoring criteria. The integer programming framework can be solved efficiently by the existing solvers. We demonstrate the superior performance of the integer programming formulation over its corresponding criterion empirically.


Due to the realities of varieties of disturbances,noise,bad environment,and unnecessarily exact model,considering the robustness of differential games is in evitable and important.Two sorts of uncertainty,uncertainty of model parameters and of stochastic disturbance,have been mainly researched,and their according solutions have been given as well.


Phase conjugation is a nonlinear optical process that reverses the wavefront of a beam of light and which is mathematically analogous to the time-reversal of the wave. It is therefore natural to ask whether this analogy is physically significant. Because photons are bosons, quantum properties can emerge at the macroscopic level. Such a quantum-mechanical property is the geometric (Berry's) phase acquired by cycling a photon on a closed circuit in phase space (which for polarization states is the Poincare sphere). Berry's phase can be considered to be a record of the system history and therefore can be used to gain insight into its time-invariance properties. Also, the large magneto-optical effects experienced by photorefractive diluted magnetic semiconductors suggest a natural experimental situation for probing the nature of time reversal in phase conjugation by studying the effect of applied magnetic fields on phase-conjugate light. It has been previously shown that the application of a magnetic field leads to the quenching of the time-reversed polarization state of the phase-conjugate beam in four-wave mixing experiments. We propose an experiment to further explore the influence of magnetic fields on time reversal.


The demarcation of the industrial structural sectors is of great significance to the research on economic development and industrial structural changes.According to W·Arthur Lewis's dualism and the classification of the three sectors and in light of China's current economic structure,a new diversification model can be advanced which can be used to analyze the changes of China's industrial structure and help to form China's industrial policy orientation under a diversified industrial structure.


Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of HIV-1 infections among the new type narcotics users in a region of Yunnan Province,and to provide some scientific reference for exploring the effective prevention and treatment measures against AIDS of those new type narcotics users. Methods Snowball sampling,cluster sampling and accidental sampling were adopted to survey the new type narcotics users in the community,detention center,and inquirers seeking consultation at the voluntary counseling and testing( VCT) Clinic. All volunteers were tested for HIV infection. Logistics regression analysis was conducted to elucidate risk factors of HIV infections. Results Among 454 new type narcotics users,the HIV-1 infection rate was 6. 17%( 95% CI: 3. 95 ~ 8. 38). The HIV-1 infection rates were of statistical significance by comparing different variables in"age","using drug once under normal circumstances","most recent sexual act after having had used new type of narcotics","had sexual act in the past three months after having had used new type of narcotics". All P 0. 05. The results of Logistics regression analysis: age and education level were associated with HIV infection rate was negatively correlated. The OR were 0. 016 and 0. 033 respectively. The length of time using the new type narcotics was positively correlated with infection,OR was 6. 807.Often using new type drugs at home,at a friend's house or a small inn,or"had sexual act with multiple people after having used drugs in the past three months"were the risk factors for HIV infection,The OR were27. 058,9. 689,89. 747 and 68. 993 respectively; "Used drug in a small hotel in the past six months"and"had sexual act with multiple people after having used drug in the past three months"were the main factors in the HIV infection,and the standardized partial regression coefficients were 1. 567 and 1. 013 respectively.Conclusion The HIV-1 infection rate was affected by many risk factors and the HIV-1 infection in the population of new drug use can not be ignored.


We describe a new cryophilic species of Chlamydomonadaceae, Chloromonas andrei sp. Nov.From Bulgaria. The cells are susceptible from 5 °C to subfreezing temperatures. The local distribution of the species,description and comparison with related taxa is given.The species is characterised by a little papillum, twoapical contractile vacuoles, chloroplasts around the wall plate covering a large part of the interior of the cell.


[PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , May, 2009; 296 (5): G1085-G1090. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Renes and Johannes B. van Goudoever Maaike W. Schaart, Adrianus C. J. M. de Bruijn, Henk Schierbeek, Dick Tibboel, Ingrid B. Small intestinal MUC2 synthesis in human preterm infants [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , UNKNOWN, 2009; 139 (9): 1619-1625. J. Nutr. Luying Peng, Zhong-Rong Li, Robert S. Green, Ian R. Holzman and Jing Lin Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers Butyrate Enhances the Intestinal Barrier by Facilitating Tight Junction Assembly via [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , May, 2010; 34 (3): 271-279. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr Ginneken Marijke Oste, Els Van Haver, Thomas Thymann, Per Sangild, André Weyns and Christa J. Van Formula Induces Intestinal Apoptosis in Preterm Pigs Within a Few Hours of Feeding [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , December, 2010; 140 (12): 2193-2200. J. Nutr. Agus Suryawan, Ashish Kurundkar, Akhil Maheshwari, Teresa A. Davis and Douglas G. Burrin Barbara Stoll, David A. Horst, Liwei Cui, Xiaoyan Chang, Kenneth J. Ellis, Darryl L. Hadsell, Resistance in Neonatal Pigs Chronic Parenteral Nutrition Induces Hepatic Inflammation, Steatosis, and Insulin [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , January, 2011; 35 (1): 32-42. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr Sangild Malene Skovsted Cilieborg, Mette Boye, Thomas Thymann, Bent Borg Jensen and Per Torp Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Pigs Diet-Dependent Effects of Minimal Enteral Nutrition on Intestinal Function and


An estimated 62% of individual bankruptcy filings in the United States were a direct result of costs borne from medical treatment following illness or injury. We consider the potential of online crowdfunding to alleviate the issue, wherein patients reach out to their social network for monetary support to help cover medical bills. We examine the effect of medical crowdfunding using proprietary data from one of the largest medical crowdfunding platforms, GiveForward.com, combined with state records of bankruptcy filing. Controlling for a variety of socioeconomic indicators, we find evidence that fundraising helped prevent between 114 and 136 bankruptcies across the US, per quarter, representing 3.9 percent of all medical related bankruptcies. Further, we explore the relationship between crowdfunding and public health insurance, finding evidence of a substitution effect when health insurance coverage is high. We discuss the implications of our findings for healthcare policy and crowdfunding.


The Dutch disease phenomenon refers to the adverse effects of the supply of natural resources and production in the tradable sectors specifically the manufacturing sector. Corden and Neary (1982) and Corden (1984) developed the core model of the Dutch disease that it explains a large amount of foreign money to inside the country will appreciate real exchange rate and cause both the spending and reallocation of resources between non-tradable and tradable sectors that it will lead the country to de-industrialisation

The Dutch disease is generally related to the export of natural resources; however, it can be caused by any factors that increase the flow of foreign currency into a country. According to Copelend (1991), the tourism sector is one of the most important sectors that can be the cause of the Dutch disease. Holzner (2010) called the effect of the Dutch disease on tourism-dependent countries the "Beach Disease".

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the growing tourism sector in Turkey has caused resource movement and a spending effect that have led the Turkish economy to experience the Dutch disease. The Turkish economy is one of the emerging markets that in the past few decades has experienced noticeable growth in the tourism sector, to the extent that, according to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC, 2017), travel and tourism's contribution to GDP in Turkey was 12.5% in 2016. By using several methods, such as non-linear and linear ARDL bounds tests and structural VAR, this study aims to investigate whether the Turkish economy experienced Beach Disease over the period from 1976 to 2017. Empirical evidence demonstrates that due to the growth of the tourism sector, the Turkish economy is suffering from symptoms of Beach Disease, such as de-industrialisation and resource allocation to non-tradable sectors. The results show that the Turkish economy has suffered from the Dutch disease due to a growing tourism sector, which has led to de-industrialisation and unstable long-term growth.


In low-mass binary systems, mass transfer is likely to occur via a slow and dense stellar wind when one of the stars is in the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. Observations show that many binaries that have undergone AGB mass transfer have orbital periods of 1–10 yr, at odds with the predictions of binary population synthesis models. In this paper we investigate the mass-accretion efficiency and angular-momentum loss via wind mass transfer in AGB binary systems and we use these quantities to predict the evolution of the orbit. To do so, we perform 3D hydrodynamical simulations of the stellar wind lost by an AGB star in the time-dependent gravitational potential of a binary system, using the AMUSE framework. We approximate the thermal evolution of the gas by imposing a simple effective cooling balance and we vary the orbital separation and the velocity of the stellar wind. We find that for wind velocities higher than the relative orbital velocity of the system the flow is described by the Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton approximation and the angular-momentum loss is modest, which leads to an expansion of the orbit. On the other hand, for low wind velocities an accretion disk is formed around the companion and the accretion efficiency as well as the angular-momentum loss are enhanced, implying that the orbit will shrink. We find that the transfer of angular momentum from the binary orbit to the outflowing gas occurs within a few orbital separations from the centre of mass of the binary. Our results suggest that the orbital evolution of AGB binaries can be predicted as a function of the ratio of the terminal wind velocity to the relative orbital velocity of the system, v∞/vorb. Our results can provide insight into the puzzling orbital periods of post-AGB binaries. The results also suggest that the number of stars entering into the common-envelope phase will increase, which can have significant implications for the expected formation rates of the end products of low-mass binary evolution, such as cataclysmic binaries, type Ia supernovae, and double white-dwarf mergers.


Solar Energy is the most popular among several clean energies. As a tropical country, Indonesia has big opportunity to develop solar power, particularly in East Kalimantan which spans around the equator. Solar energy generation, however, is influenced by weather parameters which give uncertain values of the amount of the captured energy. Therefore, this research is conducted to overcome the effect of weather towards solar energy. The aim of this research is to examine the model for sun power forecasting based on the data. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Multiple Linear Regression have taken as the approach models to determine energy forecasting. This study used five input variables; temperature, precipitation level, humidity, wind speed, and surface pressure, while the solar radiation was taken as the output variable. Moreover, the daily solar power and weather data from East Kalimantan has been taken along the period of 27th July 2018 – 28th July 2021. The result of this study showed that the RMSE of ANN was slightly similar with the multiple linear regression methods which were calculated by 160.26 and 160.46 respectively. However, the ANN is preferable to use in the solar energy forecasting since the tendency of nonlinearity of the climate data.


Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has numerous applications in the field of energy research, in modelling the basic physics of combustion, multiphase flow and heat transfer; and in the simulation of mechanical devices such as turbines, wind wave and tidal devices, and other devices for energy generation. With the constant increase in available computing power, the fidelity and accuracy of CFD simulations have constantly improved, and the technique is now an integral part of research and development. In the past few years, the development of multiscale methods has emerged as a topic of intensive research. The variable scales may be associated with scales of turbulence, or other physical processes which operate across a range of different scales, and often lead to spatial and temporal scales crossing the boundaries of continuum and molecular mechanics. In this paper, we present a short review of multiscale CFD frameworks with potential applications to energy problems.


Hybrid renewable energy systems are becoming attractive for remote areas power generation applications due to advances in renewable energy technologies and increase in oil price. This paper presents a feasibility study of wind penetration into an existing diesel power plant of an isolated area known as Al Duqm in Oman. Both wind data and the actual load data have been used in the simulation model. It was found that with the existing diesel price of 0.368 $/l, the hybrid system will provide the lowest cost of energy with wind speed of more than 5.3 m/s, which is very close to the average wind speed in the Al Duqm area. As the wind speed increases, the cost of energy decreases even with the increase in the fuel cost. Therefore, incorporating wind turbines with the existing power station will result in about the same net present cost and cost of energy as for the diesel-only system.


The article considers negative trends in grain production of Perm region, the strategic guidelines of its development and methodological approaches to the optimization of production fodder grain in the region.


Action observation (AO), based on the mirror neuron theory, is a promising strategy to promote motor cortical activation in neurorehabilitation. Brain computer interface (BCI) can detect a user's intention and provide them with brain state-dependent feedback to assist with patient rehabilitation. We investigated the effects of a combined BCI-AO game on power of mu band attenuation in stroke patients. Nineteen patients with subacute stroke were recruited. A BCI-AO game provided real-time feedback to participants regarding their attention to a flickering action video using steady-state visual-evoked potentials. All participants watched a video of repetitive grasping actions under two conditions: (1) BCI-AO game and (2) conventional AO, in random order. In the BCI-AO game, feedback on participants' observation scores and observation time was provided. In conventional AO, a non-flickering video and no feedback were provided. The magnitude of mu suppression in the central motor, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas was significantly higher in the BCI-AO game than in the conventional AO. The magnitude of mu suppression was significantly higher in the BCI-AO game than in the conventional AO both in the affected and unaffected hemispheres. These results support the facilitatory effects of the BCI-AO game on mu suppression over conventional AO.


Low-power and low-latency communication features are vital to extend 5G mobile devices functionalities beyond those of the current networks, and to introduce innovative services and applications. On the other hand, limitations of state-of-the-art cellular modules prevent designing and facilitating such features based on current power saving mechanisms alone. In this paper, a new wake-up signaling for 5G control plane is introduced, aiming to reduce energy consumption of cellular module in downlink. Performance of the proposed scheme in terms of false alarm and misdetection rates are investigated and evaluated. The obtained numerical results show that such a signaling can reduce power consumption of discontinuous reception (DRX) by up to 30%, at the cost of negligible increase in signaling overhead.


Reduced-order filters are proposed for linear and nonlinear systems and their long time behaviour is studied. Using the results of Ocone and Pardoux \cite{ocpa} on the asymptotic stability of the optimal filter with respect to its initial condition, the asymptotic efficiency of these filters is established in various cases.


Innovative products and services are essential to ensure a long-term viability of a company. More and more often they are created and implemented through innovative projects. The aim of the article is to show the uniqueness of innovative projects, present the risk that is specific to this kind of projects and indicate the methods with which these projects should be managed. The article analyses the features of innovations, presents the definition of an innovative project and discusses its classification and management principles. Moreover, it presents seven areas of risks specific to an innovative project, developed on the basis of articles published in "Project Management Journal" in the years 2005-2016 and other selected publications.


Janet Scammell, Associate Professor (Nursing), Bournemouth University, considers evidence from National Voices, a coalition of health and social care charities in England.


An opto-electronic device comprises: a substrate; and a transition stack, which is formed on the substrate, a first transition layer is formed on the substrate, with a first hollow component, which is formed within the first transition layer and having a second transition layer is formed on the first transition layer, a second hollow component, which is formed within the second transition layer, wherein the first hollow component and the second hollow component each have a volume, and the volume of the first hollow component from the second hollow component is different, and the material of the transition stack comprises at least two elements.


This research was conducted in the Individual Life Insurance 1912 KPR Pekanbaru. These businesses engaged in services which compete to provide quality products and good service. With more and more competition in the insurance business makes Individual Life Insurance 1912 KPR Pekanbaru have to compete and survive in the business competition. This study aims to determine the SWOT analysis as the basis for the formulation of a strategy to compete in the Individual Life Insurance 1912 KPR Pekanbaru. This research is descriptive research with qualitative approach and data collection techniques performed by interviewing the parties involved in this study. From the results of SWOT analysis can be seen that there are several alternative strategies that can be used as a tool to win the competition, and the results of this analysis to formulate strategic alternatives for Individual Life Insurance 1912 KPR Pekanbaru long term. Keywords: SWOT analysis, alternative strategies


The cylinder walls of a light-metal engine block to be thermally spray coated using a HVOF device with an iron-based coating. An iron-based wire is inserted into the HVOF means that a front end of the wire is in a high temperature zone of the device. Jet streams of oxygen and gaseous fuel are introduced into the high temperature zone and combusted to generate heat for melting the front end. The oxygen is fed relative to the gaseous fuel in excess. The excess oxygen reacts with and burns a portion of the iron-based feeder wire in an exothermic reaction to generate significant additional heat in the HVOF device. The molten / burned metal is sprayed through the jet flow of gases through the device to the walls of the cylinder.


Introduction: Today's sedentary, stressful lifestyle, urbanization etc. more affect the health of human beings worldwide resulting in increase lifestyle-related disorders. As health-related awareness increases in the population, people become more conscious about their future health. This makes to grow public interest towards nutraceuticals and Rasayana therapy which has ultimately resulted in increased life expectancy and thus contributing to rise in elder population. Ayurveda states that the prime objective of it to maintain health which can be achieved by practicing healthy food intake along with Rasayana therapy. The purpose of both nutraceuticals and Rasayan is same that is to achieve healthy life and prevention and treatment of disease. Aims: To find out the concept of Nutraceutical and its relation to Rasayana. Materials & Method: Ayurvedic textual materials were referred mainly with available commentaries of Samhitas, published books of nutraceuticals, pharmacology and internet sources. Result & Discussion: The review revealed that the concept that nutraceutical was prevailing during the Samhita period which aimed at maintenance of healthy life that can be explored in the principle of Rasayana.


We formulate a model describing migration of population from low-l-italic to higher-l-italic states of the same principal quantum number in the highly excited state of the atom. The physical mechanism is the degenerate, nearly resonant Raman coupling. Specific calculations are performed for the hydrogen atom. The laser light is modeled as a monochromatic coherent or chaotic colored noise.


Social work and nursing have areas of discrete role functions which lead toward joint goals of comprehensive patient assessment and care. Both share concern for psychosocial functioning which has important implications for successful rehabilitation of persons who undergo ostomy surgery and their family members. The Family Assessment Measure (FAM III), a self-report instrument that provides qualitative indices of family psychosocial functioning was administered to an ostomy patient and his spouse, pre- and post-surgery. Basic family concepts assessed were task accomplishment, role performance, communication, affective expression, involvement, control, values, and norms. Findings from this case study have implications for continuity of care that emphasize an interprofessional approach to practice in health care settings.


A two-dimensional evaluation method for intermolecular interactions based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was developed. The measurement was conducted at varying wavelengths. The wavelength affording the minimum brightness (SPR wavelength) was determined at each pixels of the image. The spatial distribution of SPR wavelength was converted to a thickness distribution in nm scale, which well presented structures of thin materials attached on silver film.


Dr. Rapp: The most important recent discovery is the identification of viral gene products that may be responsible for cancer. Specif ically, the virus that causes sarcoma in chickens elaborates a product that has been identified and isolated. Now the task is to determine how that product, when it's manufactured, can convert a normal cell to a cancer cell. That problem is cur rently being investigated.


Growth of young potted apple trees composed of 'Classic Delicious' (nonspur) or 'Red- chief Delicious' (spur-type) scions grafted onto O.P. Malus domestica L. (seedling) or Mailing 26 (M.26) rootstocks was observed during three growing seasons. Across rootstocks, spur-type 'Delicious' characteristics include lower whole-tree and shoot-wood dry weights, resulting in higher root/shoot ratios. Across scions, rootstock had little effect on dry weight of tree parts above the graft union, whole-tree dry weight or spur density. Trees on M.26 dwarfing rootstock had higher root shank and lower fibrous-root dry weights on all three sampling dates. Although few scion by rootstock interactions were detected, the spur-type scion on M.26 had the most spurs and flowers per metre of scion by the third growing season.


Abstract Flower shedding in summer mungbean, Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, is a common feature caused by thrips, Megalurothrips distalis (Karny). Eleven insecticides were tested in field trials for the control of thrips during the period 1982 to 1984. All the treatments were significantly better in controlling the thrips, reducing flower shedding, increasing the pod numbers and grain yield, in comparison with the control. Increases in yield compared with the control during trials ranged from 85 to 89% (1982), 26 to 96% (1983) and 5 to 194% (1984). Dimethoate gave the highest increases in yield and profit followed by monocrotophos and endosulfan.


To improve the low voltage ride-through capability of grid-connected photovoltaic(PV) system, A LVRT control strategy based on voltage oriented vector control is proposed. In the strategy, the voltage oriented vector control for the PV inverter is proposed to realize active and reactive power decoupling control. During the grid voltage sags, the unloading circuit are used to make DC voltage stable, and provide reactive power to support voltage recovery according to the depth of grid voltage sags. The PSCAD/EMDC software is used to compare and analyze each electric parameters before and after LVRT control. The results of simulation show the proposed strategy can make PV power system connected to the grid, provide reactive power to support voltage, and realize LVRT.


Wastes stored in Hanford Tank 241-SY-102 are planned to be retrieved from that tank and transferred to 200 East Area through the new pipeline Replacement Cross Site Transfer System (RCSTS). Because the planned transfer of this waste will use the RCSTS, the slurry that results from the mobilization and retrieval operations must meet the applicable waste acceptance criteria for this system. This report describes results of the second phase (the detailed assessment) of the SY-102 waste retrieval study, which is a part of the efforts to establish a technical basis for mobilization of the slurry, waste retrieval, and slurry transport. Hanford Tank 241-SY-102 is located in the SY Tank Farm in the Hanford Site`s 200 West Area. It was built in 1977 to serve as a feed tank for 242-S Evaporator/Crystallizer, receiving supernatant liquid from S, SX, T, and U tank farms. Since 1981, the primary sources of waste have been from 200 West Area facilities, e.g., T-Plant decontamination operations, Plutonium Finishing Plant operations, and the 222-S Laboratory. It is the only active-service double-shell tank (DST) in the 200 West Area and is used as the staging tank for cross-site transfers to 200 East Area DSTs. The tank currently stores approximately 470 kL (125 kgal) of sludge wastes from a variety of sources including the Plutonium Finishing Plant, T-Plant, and the 222-S Laboratory. In addition to the sludge, approximately twice this amount (about 930 kL) of dilute, noncomplexed waste forms a supernatant liquid layer above the sludge.


A new variant of classical VRP, called 1-PDVRP, is introduced in this paper. It differs from the general VRP with pickup and delivery in that the commodity provided by the pickup customers is the same as that needed by delivery customers. We established the mathematical model for 1-PDVRP, and utilized genetic algorithm to solve it. In the proposed genetic algorithm, we implemented a pheromone-based crossover operator for this problem and the algorithm is tested on 100 randomly generated instances.


Aims Primary objective is to analyse antibiotic usage among children admitted for CAP comparing summer and winter seasons in 2017–2018. Secondary objective is to determine other factors associated with antibiotic prescription. Methods This is a retrospective audit study conducted in a district general hospital. Chest X-rays (CXR) performed on children aged 1 month to 16 years old admitted in summer (1/6/2017–31/8/2017) and winter (1/12/2017–28/2/2018) were retrieved and reviewed along with their reports. Patients' admission data was collected from electronic discharge notes using a standard case report form in Excel format. Children with diagnosis of CAP supported by presence of CXR changes and/or clinical features of pneumonia were included. Results 118/1410 (8.4%) children were hospitalised in summer and 321/1508 (21.3%) in winter for CAP (p<0.0001), of which 49 and 51 admissions were analysed respectively. 79% (79/100) received antibiotic; Co-Amoxiclav 37/79 (47%), Ceftriaxone 18/79 (23%), Amoxicillin 9/79 (11%) and Macrolide 9/79 (11%). Initiation, duration, choice and decision to use combination of antibacterial were not significantly associated with seasonal variation, presence of comorbidity and CXR appearance. Median age of children who received antibiotic was 2 years old and median age of children who did not was 1 year old (p=0.01). Prescription of Ceftriaxone was significantly associated with longer hospital stay and antibiotic duration (table 1).Abstract G162(P) Table 1 Admission antibiotic (n) p-value Amoxicillin Co-Amoxiclav Ceftriaxone Macrolide Other Medianage (years) 1.0 2.0 2.0 5.0 5.5 0.026 Median length of stay (days) 1 2 3 1 2.5 0.005 Median antibiotic duration 5 (8) 5 (34) 7 (15) 5 (9) 6.5 (2) 0.008 Conclusion Broad spectrum antibiotic (Co-Amoxiclav, Ceftriaxone) prescription was substantially high among children admitted for CAP. Seasonal variation did not seem to have impact on antibiotic usage among in-patient childhood CAP in our centre. This may indicate that high volume of childhood CAP admissions in winter months does not affect decision making on antibiotic usage.


In this paper introduced Artificial Neural Networks(ANN),which is different from tradition way and has been used to take out the dimension of the chaotic runoff time series of reservoirs.The Genetic Algorithm(GA) and ANN were combined together to repair the shortcoming of each other.The new method has been applied to calculate and forecast the chaotic runoff of the Sanmenxia Reservoir.Contrast to the normal BP networks,the calculation error of the new model is reduced,and the convergence speed is improved.


ABSTRACT
 This article presents the core ideas of bibliotherapy as an integrative psychotherapeutic channel, exploring the ways in which it integrates new meanings into psychotherapeutic modalities, concepts, and principles. The unique aspect of the bibliotherapeutic relationship is that it is based on a triangular mode of therapist-text-patient. It supplements this with the creative processes of reading, writing, and the development of the capacity to narrate. Bibliotherapy uses many of the same concepts as other psychotherapeutic treatments, such as transference, countertransference, potential space, and the capacity to play. The integration of various kinds of texts within the clinical context, such as children's literature or adolescent poems and songs, makes bibliotherapy different. The text will be integrated according to the developmental stage of the patients. This article introduces the theoretical background of bibliotherapy and places bibliotherapy within the Winnicottian context and parent–child therapy. Examples of different clinical experiences within bibliotherapy are discussed.


On 11 December 2013, the European Union (EU) General Court upheld the European Commission's unconditional approval for the acquisition of Skype by Microsoft Corporation, dismissing an appeal brought by Cisco Systems and Messagenet. Despite the rivals' concerns of the creation of a near-monopoly, the Court ruled that in such a dynamic, fast-growing industry as video communications, market share does not necessarily correspond to market power, and the transaction will not harm consumers by impeding competition or innovation. The unanimous ruling is expected to clear the way for future mergers in other innovative, fast-paced markets.


This paper briefly introduces the definition and importance of technological management,respectively expounds the definition,action,and task of construction technology management,and makes specific description on how to do technology management work well,with a view to continuously improve construction technology management level,and to ensure the orderly implementation of engineering project.


In array processing, a common problem is to estimate the angles of arrival of K deterministic sources impinging on an array of M antennas, from N observations of the source signal, corrupted by Gaussian noise. In the so-called subspace methods, the problem reduces to estimate a quadratic form (called "localization function") of a certain projection matrix related to the source signal empirical covariance matrix. The estimates of the angles of arrival are then obtained by taking the K deepest local minima of the estimated localization function. Recently, a new subspace estimation method has been proposed, in the context where the number of available samples N is of the same order of magnitude than the number of sensors M. In this context, the traditional subspace methods tend to fail because they are based on the empirical covariance matrix of the observations which is a poor estimate of the source signal covariance matrix. The new subspace method is based on a consistent estimator of the localization func...


This letter presents an analysis of deep and high resolution CCD images of the field of the cluster of galaxies Abel 370 (z=0.374). The giant arc near the center was recently identified as the image of a distant galaxy that was gravitationally lensed by the cluster core. No counter arc is found where expected, but several faint and elongated objects are detected in the field. By far bluer than all cluster members, these structures are probably gravitationally lensed, distorted and amplified background galaxies at redshift z of about 1. This reinforces the hypothesis that both dark and visible matter are essentially concentrated in the core of clustes of galaxies and act as gravitational lenses. From this observation, we predict that many such very distant and early galaxies may be detected in the near future from deep photometry of the cores of centrally concentrated clusters at intermediate redshift (z about 0.5).


This paper explores the extent to which existing online collaboration tools support the demands encountered during the early stages of the creative design process. Results from a web survey among design communities and the interviews with 9 designers suggest that Facebook is the most used platform to collaborate with other designers. A qualitative analysis of the data collected reveals that existing tools do not properly support the social processes that define the design process. Furthermore, the design process is affected by the huge amount of information and the inability to filter out and connect the different information provided by the collection of tools. We conclude with a discussion of the results and challenges for future collaboration tools.


For the purpose of slowing down the LF stove the work pressure by improving the craft of slag washing of converter, slag washing of converter in a systematic theory and the experiment of industry was ex-plained. In the industry experiment, the production craft of the iron melt desulphurization ? converter smelting steel tapping slag washing ? argon station processing ? pouring continuous caster was used. The deoxidizer in the converter tapping process was thrown to carry on slag formation of slag charge, through blowing the argon agitation for the tapping process creation good reaction kinetics condition for the deoxidization, the desulphuri-zation, the oxygen content control in 2×10?5. The process desulfurization percentage was achieved 45%~65%. Moreover, because this craft process time was short, it was lower that compared phosphorus kick-back quantity with the ordinary LF craft. As a result the slag heat preservation function, the middle package temperature was dropped suitable degree to achieve with the LF temperature.


The utility model provides a vehicle-mounted rearview mirror and an automobile. The vehicle-mounted rearview mirror comprises a liquid crystal display and a reflecting layer, wherein the reflecting layer is a reflecting laminated film; the liquid crystal display comprises a reflecting transparent substrate, a mirror transparent substrate, a liquid crystal layer, an alignment layer and a conductive layer; the liquid crystal layer, the alignment layer and the conductive layer are arranged between the reflecting transparent substrate and the mirror transparent substrate; the reflecting layer is arranged at one side of the reflecting transparent substrate departing from the liquid crystal layer. The vehicle-mounted rearview mirror not only can be used as a general mirror to observe the rear vehicles, but also has an anti-dazzling function. The reflecting layer of the vehicle-mounted rearview mirror adopts the reflecting laminated film; the flow of manufacturing the vehicle-mounted rearview mirror is simplified; the cost is reduced.


We have carried out a numerical investigation of the influence of photoionization, causing neutral atom depletion and accompanying electron impact dephasing, on a stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) scheme in a dense medium of three-level atoms. The nonlinear mixing from the large (maximal) coherence generated during the population transfer is calculated within the framework of a time-dependent model for a single atom with simplified propagation appropriate to a thin slab of material. For definiteness and consistency of the atomic parameters employed we have treated a scheme in atomic calcium. For generation of intense vacuum ultraviolet fields, laser intensities in the range from 100 ${\mathrm{k}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ to 1 ${\mathrm{M}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ are required, and these are found to cause significant ionization of the atom. We find that at atomic densities $g{10}^{16}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ the effects of electron impact dephasing on the coherence evolution is very significant and will dominate over other dephasing mechanisms. In contrast at lower densities $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{14}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ (compatible with a sealed vapor cell) the conversion efficiency is relatively unaffected by electron impact dephasing. We conclude that in general photoionization depletion and electron impact dephasing will be significant in maximal coherence wave mixing and STIRAP population transfer schemes operated at high density.