Production of myceliol protoplosh Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This technical note is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: http://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol12/iss1/18 each count. Genemlly, four counts ore m-ode on each suspension. By stirring it is possible to get counts that ore in very clole agreemen+ (less than 1% deviation). The counter gives the actvol count in 0.5 ml of suspension; therefore, it is a simple nwtter to calculate the totol number of spares in the remaining suspension. The spaes ore then pipetted into 80 ml of melted agar, heat shocked ond ploted. Bacterial conmmimtion has tvat been a pmblem using this procedure. In order to determine the volume of on ascospore, the instrument was colibmted using paper mulberry pollen.of known size obmined from the Coulter compony. Figure 1 gives the size distribution of Neumwm oscospores obtained from o cross of two p r-3 mutants, and what oppeors to be the size distribution of o suspension of macroconidio of o emutont. + It con be seen + at the curves overlap slightly. Using a 70 p aperture tube, Gillie (1967 Neumspom Newsl. 1 I: 16) has shown that mocroconidio of wild type (74-ORB-lo) do mat exceed 400 p3 in volume. The data presented here were obtained with a 100 p aperture tube and the discrepancy in the size of mncroconidio, os measured by the two different opertvre tubes, con be attributed to the coincident possoge of mucroconidia through the 100 p aperture. These doto point out the necessity of obtaining on arsospore suspension free of massive conidiol contamination when using o counting system such as the above. (This work was supported by NSF Grant No. GB-5998. Deportment of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45409. Hendrick, D. and A. G. DeBusk. Production of Neurorpom mycelial protoplosts. The procedure given below is currently used in our IoLvmtory to pmdose protoplast prepomtions witable for studying transport and regensration phenomena. Basically, this method is a further modification (1962 J. Bocteriol. 83: 351) of Bachmonn and Banner's method (1959 J. Bocteriol. 78550). Two 2.5 liter Fernbach flasks, each containing 500 ml of Vogel's minimal medium, ore each inoculated with 4x IOB wild type conidio in IO ml of distilled water. 20,000 units of Penicillin G is added to minimize bocteriol contamination. This inoculated culture is allowed to grow without shaking or oemtion for 40 hours ot 22'C. The resulting mycelial mot floats on the liquid medium. Many non-germinated and slow-germinating conidio usually ore evident ot the bottom of the flask. The mats ore tmnsferred with o gloss rod hwk to (I 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 200 ml of 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, 0.60hl in sucrose. The flask is mirled to effect washing and then allowed to stood for five minutes before transfer of the mot to a second wash with fresh sucrose-phosphate buffer. This procedure allows many of the loose, ungerminated conidia to settle to the bottom of the wash flask. After the second wash, the two myceliol mats (dry weight of each mot approximately 325 mg. ) ore placed in o wide-mouthed 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing I .O ml of Helix e extmct (source: Industrie Biologique Fmncoiu, Gennevilliers, (Seine), France), IO ml of sucrose-pho$ote bufferand 0.1 ml of M/IO glutothione. The flask containing the mats and snail extract prepomtion is incubated ot 3oDC with very gentle shaking for six hours. During the first half of the incubation period the flask should b-e periodically swirled gently by hand to permit release of CO2 which often builds up under the myceliol mat and tends to lift it up out of the enzyme preparation. At the end of the incubation period, the crude protoplast prepomtion is poured onto a sterile 10.5 cm Buchner funnel filter prepaed by overlaying fine gloss weal with fine mesh cheesecloth. The flask Is rinsed into the funnel twice with 2 ml portions of sucrose-phosphate buffer. This first filtmte is collected in (I 125 ml suction flask, but no vocwm is used, resulting in o cleaner filtmte. This first filtmte is then filtered through ten conidiol filters pocked with fine gloss wool and collected in 125 ml suction flasks. Conidiol filters ore gloss tubes about 6 in. long and I in. in diameter at the top, tapering to o diameter of l/2 in. ot a point 2 in. above the bottom. The bottom port has o uniform diameter of i/4 in. and is fitted with a 15 robber shpper. These filters ore used in tandem to reduce the number of transfers when many filtrations ore required, as with protoplost prepomtiom. After the final tilt&ion, the gloss wool-pocked filters ore washed serially with four 3-ml portions of sucrose-phoqahote buffer. Here ogoin, no WCUV~ is used. The final filtrate obtained is poured into o 50 ml polycorbomte centrifuge tube and spun in (I model CL Internotional clinical centrifuge for 12 minutes at 600 'pm at room temperature. Using a Propipet, all but about 0.3 ml of supemotont is drown off leaving o well-defined layer of protoplosts ot the bottom of the tube. This first supernotont is placed into another tube and recentrifuged os above. Centrifuging in two stages prevents formation of o firm pellet by the protoplasts and results in ot least 75% recovery, baled on hemocytometer counts. Centrifuging ot qeeds higher than 600 rpm or for periods longer than 12 minutes results in pocking of the protoplasts intD o firm pellet which does not redisperse. The protoplosts con be easily redispcrs-ed by adding a few drops of sucrose-phosphate buffer (or other suitable osmoticurn) ond shaking gently. Groduolly, more osmoticurn con be odded with gentle swirling to give o fairly homogeneous dispersion of the desired density. Where required, protoplosts can be washed by re-centrifvging os outlined above. Recoveries during woshing ore generally quite high, since most of the lighter pmtoplostrore discorded with the supernotont from the second stage of the first csntrifugation. Final yields, after two centrifuge washings, ore genemlly in the mnge of 2.5 x IO7 protoplas+s/ myceliol mat. Protoplosts obtained by this method hove been observed to give almost quantitative regenemtion in sucrose-phosphate buffer wpplemtnted with Vogel's minimal medium. They have been found to respire ot a high rote (compared to conidia) even in the absence of o co&on source. They ore quite stable for periods of up to 24 hours when monnitol or d(-)ombinose is used os the osmoticurn. (This work was supported in part by o Tmining Grant in Genetics (TOI GMOl316) from the Notional Institutes of Health to Florida State University). Genetics Loboratories, Deportment of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tollohossee, Florida 32306.


Simple Summary Prostate cancer is a major medical issue in men worldwide. In 2018, prostate cancer was the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men in developed countries. MicroRNAs seem to be important regulators of prostate cancer, but better understanding of their role in this disease is still needed to develop novel diagnostic tools and treatments. In this study, we aim to achieve insight on the microRNA profile of prostatic tissue environment in men with prostate cancer and to correlate this microRNA expression profile with risk factors of prostate cancer. We also examined the effects of cholesterol-lowering atorvastatin on the prostatic tissue microRNA profile. Our results provide new evidence from the effects of prostate cancer-related factors on the expression of prostate tissue microRNAs. Notably, this can reveal new pathways that may link risk factors to prostate cancer and pinpoint new therapeutic possibilities. Abstract MicroRNAs are important in prostate cancer development, progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to test microRNA expression profile in prostate tissue obtained from prostate cancer patients for associations with various prostate cancer related factors and to pinpoint the predicted target pathways for these microRNAs. Prostate tissue samples were obtained at prostatectomy from patients participating in a trial evaluating impact of pre-operative atorvastatin on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Ki-67 expression in prostate tissue. Prostate tissue microRNA expression profiles were analyzed using OpenArray® MicroRNA Panel. Pathway enrichment analyses were conducted for predicted target genes of microRNAs that correlated significantly with studied factors. Eight microRNAs correlated significantly with studied factors of patients after Bonferroni multiple testing correction. MiR-485-3p correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol levels. In atorvastatin-treated subjects, miR-34c-5p correlated with a change in serum PSA and miR-138-3p with a change in total cholesterol. In the placebo arm, both miR-576-3p and miR-550-3p correlated with HDL-cholesterol and miR-627 with PSA. In pathway analysis, these eight microRNAs related significantly to several pathways relevant to prostate cancer. This study brings new evidence from the expression of prostate tissue microRNAs and related pathways that may link risk factors to prostate cancer and pinpoint new therapeutic possibilities.


The following article is a section of a detailed study by Mr. Aric Vander Stoep, Orange City, concerninii flie Orange City Tulip Festival. Orange City is one of three predominently Dutch communities in the United States to sporisor a Tulip Festival, the others being Pella, Iowa, and Holland, Mich. All three of these cities boast a college, sponsored by the Reformed Church in America, and the ties between the eities, especially Orange City and Pella, are numerous. The first Duteh families to settle in the vicinittj of Orange City, Sioux County, left Pella in the Sprin{i of 1870 for "new land." Their party, led by Hendrik Jan Van Der Waa, w/is small, comisting of jive wagons, and the way was rough, but the beauty of the land aioaiting them was ample rewardfor their trip. After the ßr.st wagon train leff Pella, a much larger train was formed and ninny more "Pella" Dutch, led by Leendert Van Der Meer and Dirk Van Den Bos, left for the "land of promise" in northwe.siern Iowa. So started the birth and groivth of this community which, proud of its heritable and tradition, sponsors an annual three-day Tulip Festival, o festival of the beauty of nature, of bright colors and of gaiety.


When facing austere challenges of drug trafficking as well as drug abuse,the Chinese government takes rational and extension attitudes.The pilot project of Methadone maintenance therapy is carried out in China.The pilot project aims at effectively helping drug abusers and at controlling widespread of HIV/AIDS as well as at crime reduction and prevention.Methadone maintenance therapy serves a good purpose in practical operations.However,there are some historic and practical reasons for drug abuse and it is impossible to rapidly and totally eliminate drug abuse.Drug demand reduction works should integrate HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment.By taking many working approaches can it effectively prevent and reduce crimes.Project implementation of the Methadone maintenance therapy is the embodiment of a Chinese drug policy with humanistic careness.


In this paper, we get all of unitary perfect numbers that are less than 3 non-power prime factors. They are 6, 60, 90 orand.


A flux line in a Type-II superconductor with a single nonuniform columnar defect is studied by a perturbative diagrammatic expansion around an annealed approximation. The system undergoes a finite temperature depinning transition for the (rather unphysical) on-the-average repulsive columnar defect, provided that the fluctuations along the axis are sufficiently large to cause some portions of the column to become attractive. The perturbative expansion is convergent throughout the weak pinning regime and becomes exact as the depinning transition is approached, providing an exact determination of the depinning temperature and the divergence of the localization length.


Keyword spotting systems can be divided into two main groups: HMM-based and discriminative-based systems. Some of these systems apply a phonetic search algorithm to the sequence of recognized phones to find position of target keyword in a set of speech utterances. Thus, they need a fast and accurate phonetic search algorithm to find the position of the target keyword. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical search algorithm. In each level of hierarchy, some segments of input speech will be ignored due to their low probability of being target keyword. This tends to a smaller search space and so faster search and lower computational complexity in comparison with the Viterbi algorithm which is usually used in keyword spotting applications as a phonetic search algorithm. We apply the proposed search method to the classification part of the discriminative keyword spotter introduced in our previous works. The experimental results indicate that the hierarchical search algorithm is 100 times faster than the modified Viterbi algorithm when it is used in the discriminative keyword spotting system. On the other hand, FOM of the discriminative keyword spotting system using the proposed hierarchical search algorithms degraded about 2 % in comparison to the case that this system uses a modified version of Viterbi algorithm.


This paper sums up the features of the books of computer category, and probes into the strategies for purchasing the books of computer category, which include determining the purchasing target according to the requirements of the teaching and scientific researching work, collecting the books according to the publishing features, adopting different methods for purchasing books, and making proper treatment of the relation between the assortment of the books of computer category and the duplicate quantity, etc.


Wind and atmosphere turbulence have deep influence on landing precision,when the aircraft is preparing to land on the carrier.The variable swept wing carrier-aircraft was regarded as research object,and the flight control law introduced side velocity feedback was developed with its handling feature.Trajectory control parameter of the automatic carrier landing system was optimized.The simulation system was constructed for verifying and evaluating the performance of this system.The simulation result indicates that the system limits the influence of the turbulence on variable swept wing aircraft,and has a great meaning for improving the landing performance and security.


1 For France and the Netherlands, see Ad van der Helm, Un Clergé Parallèle? Étude socio-juridique de l'activité des laïcs dans l'église catholique en France et Pays-Bas (Strasbourg: Cerdic, 1993) 115–154, 155–188. For Germany and Switzerland, see Adrian Loretan, Laien im pastoralen Dienst: Ein Amt in der kirchlichen Gesetzgebung: Pastoralassistent/-assistentin Pastoralreferent/-referentin (Praktische Theologie im Dialog Bd. 1) (Freiburg, Switzerland: Universitätsverlag, 1994) 19–50, 135–150. Loretan describes how lay involvement in pastoral work in Germany originated at the beginning of the twentieth century in an urban context (where priests needed help and unmarried women started to assist them) and in an academic context (as a professional follow-up in the career of theologically educated lay persons, who were admitted to study theology, which was allowed in Münster after the First World War and also elsewhere after the Second World War). In both cases Vatican II stimulated lay commitment (cf. AA 24 on entrusting 'to the laity certain functions which are more closely connected with pastoral duties, such as the teaching of Christian doctrine, certain liturgical actions, and the care of souls' and GS 62, which argues that some of the laity should be able to dedicate themselves professionally to the sacred sciences). 2 Ruud G.W. Huysmans, Het recht van de leek in de rooms-katholieke kerk van Ne derland (Hilversum: Gooi & Sticht, 1986) 10–19; Peter Neuner, "Ekklesiologie: Die Lehre von der Kirche," in Glaubenszugänge: Lehrbuch der Katholischen Dogmatik, ed. Wolfgang Beinert (Paderborn-Munich-Vienna-Zürich: Schöning, 1995) 533–535.


Ukrainian translation of the document "Freedom of Religion or Belief and Security: Guidelines" published by the OSCE Office for Democratic Initiatives and Human Rights (ODIHR) in 2019


The present invention discloses a spray cooling module having a driving motor, the driving module having a housing, a motor, a coolant tank, the inlet duct and driven by a motor to drive a pair of transmission and differential components of the output member. The motor is coupled to the housing and having a stator fixedly coupled to the rotor and rotatable within the stator housing. A rotor having a rotor parallel to the axis of rotation of the coolant channel and extending coolant channel intersects and extends radially outwardly from the nozzle passage coolant passage. The coolant tank is configured to hold a coolant fluid. An inlet duct in fluid communication with the coolant reservoir and received in the coolant passage. Inlet conduit is configured to supply coolant fluid from the coolant reservoir to the coolant passage. Coolant fluid is gravity fed to the inlet duct.


Combining deductive database with object orient database,deductive object orient database (DOOD) becomes as a new database system. Set extends its expression ability. This article mainly discusses the semanteme,syntax and implement of set in DOOD.


The presence of G-precipitates at grain boundaries(GBs) in Inconel 718, though generally believed to be detrimental to the fracture properties of the material, has also been reported to be beneficial in enhancing its ductility and toughness. The 6 precipitates at GBs are normally produced by a modification of the heat treatment procedures. These modified treatments may also significantly alter the state of strengthening microstructure within the grain material at the same time. As a result, the actual effect of these 6 particles at GBs on the mechanical properties of the alloy may be complex, and its analysis may not be as straight forward as has been assumed. In this study, the Inconel 718 has been heat treated to obtain various materials with identical grain size and microstructures but with a different state of dispersion of 6 precipitates at the GBs. The density of 6 precipitates(p) in different materials was from 0% to about 70%. Creep tests have been conducted on these materials at 795 MPa and 625'C. It has been found that both the rupture time and total creep strain decrease with an increase in the value of p when its value is below about 45%. However, when the value of p is above 45%, both the rupture time and creep strain increase with an increase in p to a value much higher than that observed in the material with zero 6 precipitation at GBs. SEM observation of the crept samples and their fracture surfaces have shown that the presence of 6 precipitates at GBs results in the formation of creep voids in all the specimens. However, the effect of creep voids on the final fracture of the material is dependent upon the value of p. At the lower value of p, creep voids are observed to be isolated, and the fracture may be due to the propagation of wedge crack initiated at triple points of grain boundaries. At a higher value of p, the probability of wedge crack formation may be reduced. The fracture will then be controlled by the rate of growth and propagation of creep voids at normal GBs, which is a much slower process than the formation of wedge cracks at triple points. Superalloys 718,625,706 and Various Derivatives Edited by E.A. Loria The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1994


Agent-based systems technology has generated a lot of enthusiasm in recent years because of its guarantee as a innovative standard for conceptualizing, designing, and implementing software systems. Increasingly, however, applications require multiple agents that can work together. A multi-agent system (MAS) is a loosely coupled network of software agents that interact to solve problems that are beyond the individual capacities or knowledge of each


The research work yielded 126 respondents from Indian software export companies located in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The thrust of the research work is to examine the impact of Indian Software organisations' operational HR practices and procedures. The research thrust is also to explore linkage between organisational performance and enhanced social capital (SC). Three sets of questionnaires were designed on collaborative HR practices, SC and organisational performance in the five point Likert scale and were administered on the basis of field survey. The collected data were then analysed with simple regression analysis. It was found that collaborative HR configuration creates an interactive and collective culture within the organisation, nourishes organisational rationality and positively and significantly drives organisational level SC, which in turn is very well co-related with organisation bottom line


Various Bayesian wavelet estimators have been proposed recently in literature. Following Bayesian approach, a prior distribution is imposed on wavelet coefficients of the unknown response function and a Bayesian estimator is obtained then by applying a suitable Bayesian rule to the resulting posterior distribution of the coefficients. Numerous simulations studies demonstrate the good performance of Bayesian wavelet estimators. However, their frequentist properties and optimality in the minimax sense, in particular, have not been theoretically studied until recently. In this talk we make a step to fill this gap. First, to capture the sparseness of wavelet expansion, we consider the prior on wavelet coefficients to be a mixture of a mass point at zero and a Gaussian density : wjk ∼ πjN(0, τ j ) + (1− πj)δ(0) The hyperparameters τ2 j and πj are assumed to be of the form τ 2 j = c12 −αj and πj = min(1, c22−βj). Then, we consider the posterior mean, posterior median and Bayes Factor Bayesian estimators corresponding to the L2, L1 and 0/1 losses respectively and are widely used estimators. As frequentist measures of goodness we consider both global and pointwise mean squared errors and discuss the difference between the two measures regarding the optimality in the minimax sense. For each measure and each estimator we discuss the choice of the hyper-parameters for achieving the optimal performance within Besov spaces. Finally we discuss the Bayesian paradox. This talk is a summary of join works with F. Abramovich, U. Amato and D. De Canditiis.


Modelling, simulation and performance analysis of a two-area thermal-hybrid distributed generation (HDG) power system having different sources of power generation has been carried out in this study. The thermal power plant is consisting of re-heat type thermal system, whereas the HDG system includes the combination of wind turbine generator and diesel generator. In the studied model, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) device is considered in both the areas. Additionally, a flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) device such as static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is also considered in the tie-line. The different tunable parameters of the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, SMES and SSSC are optimised using a novel quasi-oppositional harmony search (QOHS) algorithm. Optimisation performance of the novel QOHS algorithm is established while comparing its performance with binary coded genetic algorithm. From the simulation work it is observed that with the inclusion of SMES in both the areas, the system performances toward the achievement of minimal frequency and tie-line power oscillations are promising under different types of input loading perturbations. It is further revealed from the simulation results that the installation of an expensive FACTS device such as SSSC does not yield any significant improvement to the system performance.


ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper Received 15 August 2016 Accepted 20 September 2016 Available Online 26 October 2016 In the present study, the convergence behavior of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is extensively explored. The Simplified Bernoulli Trials (SBT) collision algorithm is applied to simulate a one-dimensional nano Fourier heat conduction problem, which consists of rarefied gas confined between two infinite parallel plates with unequal temperatures. The investigations compares the Soninepolynomial coefficients ak calculated from the DSMC results with theoretical predictions of the Chapman-Enskog (CE) theory. In addition, the convergence behavior of the wall heat flux and the ratio of the DSMC-calculated bulk thermal conductivity (KDSMC) to the infinite-approximation of CE theoretical value (K) is studied. The numerical accuracy of the DSMC method is found to be restricted with regard to three parameters: time step, cell size, and number of computational particles per cell. The dependency of the SBT collision algorithm on these discretization errors has been investigated in comparison with the standard collision algorithm, i.e., no time counter (NTC). The results indicate that SBT can achieve analytical solutions of the Sonine polynomials using fewer particles per cell than NTC. Moreover, in the SBT algorithm, the effective parameter in the convergence is ratio, which should be adjusted accurately. This study shows that by decreasing the number of particles per cell to even one particle in a constant / setting, the SBT algorithm accurately predicts solutions where the NTC algorithm fails.


The objective of this paper is to develop procedures for allocating resources to the activities of a given baseline schedule in order to minimize the number of extra precedence relations imposed by resource flows. Based on a proposed parallel resource flow generation scheme, two priority rule-based heuristics and a genetic algorithm are proposed. Finally, a set of computational experiments on standard benchmark datasets are presented to validate the heuristics.


A colloidal suspension of submicronic particles which can be used in particular for transporting principle (s) active (s), (PA), whose particles are supramolecular arrangements individualized: - based on polyamino acids (PAA) linear amphiphilic with peptide chains and comprising at least two different types of recurring amino acids AAI hydrophilic and AAO neutral hydrophobic, being amino acids each identical or different type, - and apt to be associated in colloidal suspension state undissolved at least one PA and release, especially in live prolonged and / or delayed, characterized by: selecting the AAI or between amino acids with ionizable side chain being particularly preferred natural amino acids Glu and Asp in carboxylic form and / or as salts; AAO or select from the group consisting of natural neutral amino acids, preferably those belonging to the subgroup consisting of: Leu, Ile, Val, Ala, Gly, Phe; be stable at a pH between 4 and 13 in the absence of surfactant (s); a load factor Ta with insulin, expressed in% of mass of associated insulin relative to the mass and measured according to a Ma operating mode, where Ta such that: delta 7 <= Ta, delta preferably 8 <Ta <= 50, delta still more preferably, 10 <= Ta <= 30, and a mean hydrodynamic diameter Dh expressed in nm and measured according to a Md operating mode, being Dh such that: delta 10nm <= Dh <= 150 nm, delta preferably 20 nm <= Dh <= 100 nm.


The purpose of this study is to suggest basic data on the education of traditional living culture and seasonal customs. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a research questionnaires consisting of 46 questions was developed. The data was collected by 287 child caregivers in Incheon Metropolitan City. and the data analysis was conducted with the SPSS/Win 17.0 program. The results of this study, they are summarized as follows. First, child caregivers overall perception of the traditional life and culture was scored as 3.28. Their perception of the need for education on traditional life and culture was scored as 3.7, and their knowledge and interest both as 2.77. The analysis of difference according to background variables revealed, significant difference in educational experience (p.


In order to study the bending behavior of steel plate and concrete composite strengthening T-beam under static loads,bending capacity experiments of two damaged RC T-beams with steel plate and concrete composite strengthening(SPCCS) were carried out,and the ultimate bending capacity and mechanical behavior of the specimen were obtained,and the flexural failure mechanism of reinforced concrete(RC) T-beams with SPCCS was summarized.Then,a finite element model of RC T-beams with SPCCS was established,furthermore,the nonlinear static calculation was presented.Results show that the numerical results of nonlinear static analysis are in good agreement with the experiment results.The ultimate bending capacity can be calculated by plastic analysis method,it can be illustrated that the calculation results are in good accordance with the experiment results.


Let 〈r k〉=∫r kρr 2 dr be the kth moment of r for the one‐electron radial density ρ(r). One obtains improved (Schwarz‐like) inequalities for these moments if ρ is Nth‐order monotonic, i.e., if dNρ/dr n is of one sign. These are of the form 〈r a〉〈rb〉≥GN(a,b)〈r(a+b)/2〉, where GN(a,b) increases with N. In particular for (a,b)=(1,−1), one obtains G0=1 (Schwarz inequality), G1=9/8 (as obtained by Gadre), and G∞=3/2 in the limit N→∞. One also obtains similarly improved (Gram‐like) determinantal inequalities for r moments in terms of the order of monotonicity N. Several examples using published r moments are presented.


Inspired by the natural superhydrophobic surfaces with various colors such as the lotus leaves and the wings of butterflies, we report a one‐step method to fabricate superhydrophobic coatings by the combination of kaolin, acrylic color and organosiloxanes. The coatings were characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and other analytical techniques. Different from the previously reported method, kaolin particles were introduced to generate rough hierarchical structures on the coating surface, followed by acrylic color decoration and organosiloxanes modification. The colorful superhydrophobic coatings can be constructed in various substrates, such as glass slide, filter paper, and fabric. Furthermore, the obtained coating maintained excellent mechanical durability, chemical stability, and the high‐efficiency of oil–water separation. All of the colorful coatings showed superhydrophobicity in air, and they retained water repellency even after exposed to ultraviolet or under harsh conditions. The results also indicated that the as‐prepared coatings possessed outstanding fungi‐resistance. The colorful superhydrophobic fabric can be used to separate oil/water mixtures, and the separation efficiencies are as high as 95%. We envision that the colorful superhydrophobic coatings with durability and chemical stability may be useful in various fields, such as house decoration, paint coating, antimicrobial material and oil/water separation.


Harasymowicz et al (1) are to be congratulated for their recent article regarding the presence of regional differences between perisynovial and infrapatellar adipose tissue depots and their response to Class II and III Obesity in Patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The Authors report that the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) and synovium adipose tissue depots differ significantly and are influenced by the patient's BMI. In particular, obese patients' adipocytes from IPF are significantly larger while in the synovium, there was marked fibrosis, macrophage infiltration and higher TLR4 expression identified in comparison to lean subjects. We would like to share our anatomical experience on adipocytes of IPF (2).

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We have recently synthesized superlattices of Pt and Au nanoclusters grown by inverse micelle techniques. The monodisperse nanosize metal clusters used in this study were synthesized as surfactant aggregates surrounded by an oil-like environment (inverse micelle), a technique developed and patented at Sandia. Reaction byproducts, such as excess surfactant and inorganic ion salts, are often separated from the metal clusters using liquid chromatography size exclusion techniques; however, the Pt and Au nanoclusters in this study have been fractionated using a liquid-liquid technique. The nanoclusters are capped with a ligand. Two-dimensional hexagonal arrays formed readily on surfaces, and large twinned three-dimensional crystals form from solution. Both the cluster size and the size of the capping ligand can be controlled to form superlattices having a range of lattice parameters. We have found that the capping agent exerts a marked influence on the tendency of these clusters to order.


Karaoke application is entertainment purpose's application that offer karaoke function for the users, which, they can sing songs that they like while reading the lyric and record it. This research navigates to Karaoke Application as technology that brings beneficial influenced to students who still developing their oral English skill. This research focuses on two issues in describing aspects of oral English language skills that might be developed while the students use it and the role of Karaoke application to help the students in acquiring their oral English language skills.
After exploring the phenomenon through doing interviews, the participants divided into two conditions (who still active and not active anymore or occasionally using Karaoke applications) and asked to share their experiences while using Karaoke applications. Analysis of the participants agreed that they are able to enhanced their speaking skill and listening skill. The results indicate that singing on Karaoke applications can improve pronunciation through listening to their own recording and evaluate themselve. Also, to streghthen their vocabularies that can be found in the song lyric. And then, they can exchange feedback with interact and doing project with other users. Karaoke applications might be a good example of media for students to enhance their oral English language skills at home.
Keywords: karaoke applications, technology, oral language skills
h.


It is well known that countries that are unable to plan their economic development in line with the conservation of natural resources and their management may not be able to maintain any kind of progress in the areas of health, food, housing, energy and other critical needs. Taking this into consideration Mexico faces a major challenge as a result of its wealth in natural resources, and the economic and social needs of its inhabitants. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a compatible economic, social and environmental strategy with the goal of achieving a better standard of living for the human population. Under this premise the researchers and experts in management have to face complex options for the study, use and administration of natural resources in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the country. The coastal zone, which can be described as the area where marine, atmospheric, fluvial, subterranean and anthropomorphic processes interact, stands out among the systems that compose terrestrial and aquatic environments. These processes not only provide scenic variety, but are also responsible for high diversity and biological productivity, turning the coastal zone into an attractive location for new human settlements and development of economic activities. Mexico is among the countries whose proportion of terrestrial and maritime territory is clearly inclined towards the sea, offering a series of opportunities for development. These impose a series of challenges in the sense that uses of marine resources have to be done in an environmentally friendly manner. Unfortunately this has not happened and there are cases of severe damage to fisheries, beaches, estuaries, coastal lagoons, mangroves and wildlife, among other resources (Merino et al. 1992; Rivera-Arriaga and Villalobos 2001; Euan-Avila and Witter 2002). This tendency for environmental deterioration is not exclusive to Mexico. The country is making efforts to reverse it by using general concepts of integrated management of the coastal zone, with focus on its long term development. A series of tools is in use to obtain, analyze and integrate economic, social and environmental information, in order to establish guidelines that direct the sustainable development of the Mexican coast (Fig. 28.1). Adopted development strategies must contemplate measures to monitor the consequences of human activity on the coastal environment, which will allow the establishment of programs to mitigate or reverse the cause of identified problems. Indicators have to be selected to provide information not only on the consequences, but the origin of the problems, thus guiding activities leading to sustainability of a resource and/or ecosystem. Among the characteristics and indicators that have proven useful with this purpose are those related to the eutrophication of coastal aquatic ecosystems in other countries, both developed and developing. This has been identified as one of the main problems, having received the largest amount of economic resources, not only to understand, but to mitigate and solve the problem (Urban et al. 1996). The process of eutrophication consists of the increase in the production of organic matter as a result of the increased introduction of nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus. It is a


This essay examines the temporal structure of George Eliot's novel The Mill on the Floss (1860) from the perspective of energy and ecology, arguing that Eliot's well-established interest in epochal shift extends to a searching and prescient inquiry into the temporality of energy and energy regime transition. The novel is set at a water-powered mill in the historical moment that saw an unprecedented energy transition in British industry from water power to coal-fired steam power—the moment that saw the birth of what Andreas Malm calls "the fossil economy"—and it distinguishes between the variant temporalities of these two energy regimes. The essay connects The Mill on the Floss's dual temporality to our present moment of ecological crisis and its demand that we, as critics, shift not so much from an eco-historicism to an eco-presentism, but toward a temporally doubled methodology that inhabits the present and the past dialectically.


This study was conducted on 139 nursing students in their junior year of college in G City from October 29 to November 1, 2018, in order to identify the effects of personality type, academic stress and stress coping methods on college life adjustment. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences in college life adjustment (t=2.54, p=.012) according to gender (t=-3.55, p=.001), satisfaction of major (F=9.38, p<.001), satisfaction of interpersonal relationships (F=12.24, p<.001), and judging or perceiving (JP) among the MBTI preference pairs (t=2.54, p=.012). College life adjustment had a significant negative correlation with academic stress (r=-.56, p<.001). Factors that affected college life adjustment included academic stress (β=-.40, p<.001), satisfaction of interpersonal relationships (β=-.27, p<.001), and gender (β=.22, p=.002), and the explanatory power of these factors was 40.6%. Based on the findings of the study, it is necessary to develop and apply extracurricular programs to help nursing students reduce academic stress and improve their interpersonal relationships so that they can adjust well to college life.


Road network reliability has attracted numerous interests from nowaday academic researchers and practitioners due to its vital significance to industrial operation,economical development and people's daily life.This paper systemically reviewed the updated research progresses of the road network reliability internationally and nationally regarding the various indices,models and frequently used approaches.In order to evaluate uncertainty of the road network,a stochastic network equilibrium model(SNE) was proposed,in which travel times are random variables.Finally,an improved reliability model was formulated based on the reserve network capacity and the SNE model.


This article develops a framework of analysis for studying institutional approaches to conflict transformation. It draws on E. Haas's model of organizational learning. It argues that the consensus decision rule, third parties (especially the neutral and non-aligned countries, the (N + N)), and non-state actors are important factors in promoting learning and the institutionalization of the CSCE. This has entailed an incremental process of expanding commitments and developing the institutional competency and effectiveness of the CSCE. Non-state actors such as epistemic communities, transnational coalitions and opposition movements play a key role spanning the domestic-international contexts and advancing the `domestication' and effectiveness of the CSCE. Over time, these interactive forces have contributed to the transformation of East-West relations. The conclusions show that the CSCE has moved from its long-range strategy of promoting peaceful change between the blocs, to conflict prevention and crisis management. A number of mechanisms have been developed for these purposes. Whether they are effective remains to be seen.


Objective To observe the efficiency of selective β-Blocker bisoprolol's effects on refractory heart failure patients.Methods The 100 patients with refractory heart failure received standard anti-heart-failure pharmacotherapy were randomly divided into bisoprolol group and placebo group(control group).Patients in bisoprolol group were given bisoprolol beginning withlow dose of 1.25mg daily,and gradually added to 2.5~5mg daily when tolerated.Those in the control group were given one tablet of placebo daily.Four week after treatment HYHA heart function classification(Left ventricular eject fraction)LVEF,blood pressure,rate of ventricular premature more than 2 000/24hr in Holter test,mortality rate and adverse effects were compared between these two groups.Results Compared to control group,HYHA heart function classification,LVEF were better in bisoprolol group,and blood pressure,heart rate,rate of ventricular premature more than 2 000/24hr,mortality rate were statistically lower in bisoprolol group(P0.05).Conclusions Bisoprolol could improve heart function,life quality,and decrease the rate of ventricular premature with few adverse effects and could be chosen as the first line medicine for treatment of refractory heart failure patients.


Study of natural wind simulation for air conditioner equipment is an important research question.This paper reviewed the research achievements on simulation of comfortable nature wind of air conditioner,and proposed the main research trends on comfortable nature wind in the future.


Despite the adoption of the term headline for both print news and broadcast news, their roles in the different media are not the same. Print headlines are mostly contiguous with the story to which they refer. Broadcast headlines, however, are often at some temporal distance from their associated news item. In the print medium every story carries a headline. In broadcast news only some items are headlined. And yet, whereas the linguistic properties of print headlines have been much studied, almost no attention has been given to broadcast headlines. This article uses a corpus of headlines from BBC television news to explore their discursive form and function. It isolates a basic structure of {heading (+supplement)} for television news headlines and delineates a repertoire of patterns through which the structure is realised. In doing so, it suggests that the core function of television news headlines is to engage with the audience by projecting aspects of their news values forward through the programme.


For determination of physical parameters of stars observed in the Vilnius photometric system calibration of the UBV system can be used. For that aim the empirical relations between the (B-V)o colour index of the UBV and the {Y-V)o colour index of the Vilnius photometric system have been obtained for metal-poor stars (luminosity classes III and V). The obtained equations make it possible to derive with the standard error 0.03 mag the [B-V)o colour indices from observations of stars in the Vilnius photometric system.


Introduction Computer science is a young, but extremely successful academic discipline. It has developed into a discipline which nowadays has its organizational instantiations in almost every academic area. At one time, the hardware of mainframe computers needed to be run in specific (parts of) buildings and interaction with machines was restricted by specific coding devices such as punch cards. However, computers today are radically different. They are mobile and ubiquitous and along with this a multiplicity of interaction techniques have been developed. Looking at the various fields of application, the origins of computer science were strongly related to scientific applications during the Second World War and the Cold War. In the business world, computing rose to importance in the already well formalized world of book keeping and accounting. However, computing technologies today, as we all know, are on their way to supporting all aspects of life.


Virtualization of operating systems have already been developed and commercialized in the enterprise computing area. As the computing power of the embedded systems is growing, it is regarded that the virtualization is the important research area. The virtualization is typically established by the micro kernel. L4 kernel is the one example of the micro kernel. In this paper, we propose the architecture for virtualization of Linux over the L4 kernel.


This monograph addresses operating characteristics for binary hypothesis testing in both classical and quantum settings and overcomplete quantum measurements for quantum binary state discrimination. We specifically explore decision and measurement operating characteristics defined as the tradeoff between probability of detection and probability of false alarm as parameters of the pre-decision operator and the binary decision rule are varied. In the classical case we consider in detail the Neyman-Pearson optimality of the operating characteristics when they are generated using threshold tests on a scalar score variable rather than threshold tests on the likelihood ratio. In the quantum setting, informationally overcomplete POVMs are explored to provide robust quantum binary state discrimination. We focus on equal trace rank one POVMs which can be specified by arrangements of points on a sphere that we refer to as an Etro sphere. Catherine A. Medlock and Alan V. Oppenheim (2021), "Operating Characteristics for Classical and Quantum Binary Hypothesis Testing", Foundations and Trends® in Signal Processing: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp 1–120. DOI: 10.1561/2000000106. Full text available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/2000000106


The Northwest Coast has long held a seminal role in the ethnographic and theoretical development of anthropology in North America. Both that role and the saliency of Native American Indigenous peoples have seemingly waned over time. Almost invisibly, however, a critical mass of new ethnographic perspectives and a new aspiration toward synthesis have emerged across the sub-disciplines and subject areas of Americanist anthropology in the United States and particularly in Canada. The Northwest Coast as the quintessential culture area has become a more fluid continuum of contact zones intersecting across Northeastern North America, as reflected in the works discussed here.


ABSTRACT Blockchain technology, best known as the decentralised transactional ledger of Internet currencies such as Bitcoin, could provide possibilities for tracking the origin of timber products. As such, it could ease the complex job of timber procurement officers in companies that seek to purchase timber products from trustworthy origins. This study explores how trust among purchasers in suppliers of sustainable timber can be increased and the roles that blockchain technology could play as a factor influencing purchasing decisions. The study examines the attributes influencing purchaser trust in timber products, revealing that the country of origin is the strongest predictor of purchaser trust, followed by the price level for the timber product, the presence of a certification scheme, and the duration of the relationship with the supplier. Blockchain technology also had a significant effect on purchaser trust and could become an important factor for generating trust in timber products during international trade.


The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between learning strategies and demographic and educational performance variables, and to explore patterns of learning of distinct clusters that existed in a sample of 279 high schools students. Differences in the use of learning strategies were found when the participants were grouped according to age, gender, grade point average, Degrees of Reading Power score, Computer-Adaptive Placement Assessment and Support System scores, and ACT scores. Several multivariate analyses using discriminant analysis identified five distinct learning processes. The Metacognitive Consciousness process involves a person having faith in their ability to learn. The Calibrating process involves a person who plans and analyzes the best way to proceed with a specific learning task. The Feedback Detachment process indicates the learner is not monitoring the learning process or using human resources to learn. The Metacognitive Adaption process involves analyzing the best way to proceed with a specific learning task and then making changes in the learning process to improve learning. The Critical Differentiating process involves a reflective and tentative review of a solution to determine if adjustments are needed before acceptance. The multivariate technique of cluster analysis identified five distinct clusters. The Total Physical Response Learner is interested in meaningful and in-depth learning. The Matrix Learner learns best in group settings. The Strategic Learner likes to be given a direction then follows it strictly. The Sequential Learner is able to organize his or her learning and focuses on details. The Creative Learners use higher order thinking skills to approach their learning. Two major conclusions from this study are: distinct groups of learners exist among young adult learners and that learning strategies are linked to specific educational performance measures. Based on the results in this study recommendations were made for continuing research. LEARNING STRATEGIES OF CONCURRENT ENROLLMENT STUDENTS AT UTAH VALLEY STATE COLLEGE byTed Rulon Ungricht A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana July 1997


Develop a standardized letter of recommendation (SLOR) for otolaryngology residency application that investigates the qualities desired in residents and the letter writer's experience. Compare this SLOR to narrative letters of recommendation (NLORs).


1,4-Naphthoquinone; Amines; Palladium catalyzed reactions Abstract Synthesis of a new series of compounds belonging to the 5H-benzo[b]carbazole-6,11dione family was accomplished employing a nucleophilic amino addition reaction followed by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, H NMR, C NMR and Mass spectral analysis. The synthesized compounds were proved to be good molecular switches exhibiting chemical and electrochemical fluorescent switching properties by UV–vis, photoluminescence (PL), and cyclic voltagram (CV) studies. a 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


Abstract Although a considerable degree of research has examined the intersection of masculinities, sexualities and sport in the West, this is the first article to address male homosexuality in sport within a Muslim context. To analyze the intersection of sport, masculinities and homosexuality we interview Ghazi, 20, a competitive male bodybuilder in Tunisia. We utilize his narrative to illustrate the similarities and differences between the construction of stigma in both the West and that of Muslim culture in Tunisia. Primarily, we highlight the profoundly negative representation of homosexuality in Tunisia, and the broader Islamic social world, and how it affects the construction and development of masculinity for this Muslim, gay athlete. We utilize Anderson's notion of homohysteria to help situate the relationship between the expression of femininity and social perceptions of homosexuality in Tunisian culture, comparing it to the Western zeitgeist three decades earlier.


In this research pilot, the authors are taking an elemental look at exam vigilantes and in a broader sense academic fraudulence. In the last decade, there has been an increasing number of universities offering online degrees. Along with this new method of completing degrees comes a new body of academic dishonesty and misconduct. Not only is academic dishonesty widespread, it is also often underestimated by universities. Additionally, today's technological advances have enabled students to cheat in several different ways. Nonetheless, technology can also be used to combat the issue of cheating by employing biometrics to identify students based on physiological and behavioural characteristics and by applying the use IP addresses as a tool to identify collusions. Although most of the research on this topic has focused on the United States (US), this paper the will exclusively focus on how it applies to the Australian university landscape.


The demand for renewable energy is increasing. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most promising strains to produce 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD). Compared with chemical methods, the biological production of 2,3-BD has the characteristics of substrate safety, low cost, and low energy consumption. However, excessive glucose concentrations can cause damage to cells. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of sRNA-SgrS as a sugar transport regulator on the fermentative production of 2,3-BD by K. pneumoniae in response to sugar stress. We designed multiple mutants of K. pneumoniae HD79 to redistribute its carbon flux to produce 2,3-BD. It was found that the 2,3-BD yield of sgrS overexpressed strain decreased by 44% compared with the original strain. The results showed that a high concentration of sRNA-SgrS could accelerate the degradation of ptsG mRNA (encoding the glucose transporter EIICBGlc) and downregulate the expression levels of the budA gene (encoding the α-acetyllactate decarboxylase) and the budB gene (encoding the α-acetyllactate synthase) and budC gene (encoding the 2,3-BD dehydrogenase) but had no effect on the ack gene (encoding the acetate kinase) and the ldh gene (encoding the lactate dehydrogenase). It provides a theoretical basis and a technical reference for understanding the complex regulation mechanism of sRNA in microorganisms and the genetics and breeding in industrial fermentation engineering.


63 From the beginning of his career to the end, Rembrandt advertised his ability to represent not just emotions but also more enduring inner states or character traits through expressive self-portraits. This essay argues that through laughter, an unusual expression in a self-portrait, Rembrandt claimed to be an impassioned representer of the passions. To this end, it examines some of his earliest painted and etched self-portraits, his Self-Portrait with Saskia of about 1636, in Dresden, and the late Self-Portrait, in Cologne, all of which feature Rembrandt's laughing face. It concludes that Rembrandt's laughter also displays his delight in his mastery of the emotions. DOI: 10.18277/makf.2015.06 REMBRANDT'S LAUGHTER AND THE LOVE OF ART*


Anthropogenic acid precursor emissions in Asia are increasing at a significant rate and this is expected to continue for the next several years. This paper comprises of studies that included sulfate, nitrate and ammonium around Asian countries (China, Korea, Japan and Taiwan) in recent years. The paper also provides the water-soluble ionic fine and coarse particulate concentrations in these Asian countries in recent years. Fine and coarse particulates in Taiwan (Kaohsiung and Talchung) and China (Nanjing and Shanghai) were found to have higher sulfate (average 18.68 and 15.75 mg/m3) and nitrate (average 12.77 and 7.71 mg/m3) concentrations than any other Asian country. The average sulfate concentrations for Japan and Korea were 7.31 and 5.84 mg/m3, respectively. The average nitrate concentrations for Japan and Korea were 6.73 and 4.65 mg/m3, respectively during the years 1998-2001. The different sample collection devices, analysis methods and pollutant concentrations are discussed in this study. The purpose of this study is to arrange the atmospheric water-soluble ionic species (SO/2- 4 and NO / - 3) investigations in the Asian region. The data obtained here can also help to understand the sources, concentrations, phase distribution and health impact of atmospheric water-soluble ionic species (SO4 2 - and NO- 3) in other Asian regions.


Introduction
Although the health benefits of walking for physical activity have received increasing research attention, barriers specific to walking are not well understood. In this study, questions to measure barriers to walking for physical activity were developed and tested among college students. The factor structure, test–retest and internal consistency reliability, and discriminant and criterion validity of the perceived barriers were evaluated.


The performance of twelve commercial varieties of Spanish peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. fastigiata Waldron var. vulgaris Harz.) was studied at Junagadh (Gujarat) and Chiplima (Orissa) during the winter-summer season. The genotypic differences were highly significant for days to 50% flowering and pod yield at both Junagadh and Chiplima centres. Pooled analysis also indicated significant differences due to variety and location for the above two charactes. However, variety × location interaction was significant for pod yield alone (...)


The appearance of COVID-19 changed the lifestyle of many people as it spread rapidly around the world, causing concern to the entire health system due to the high number of infected and leading to a general confinement, changing the lifestyle and eating habits of many people causing diabetes, which is a disease caused by the high level of glucose in the blood, which can generate serious problems in the health of the person since it has no cure, this progressive disease is controlled or monitored by conventional glucometer equipment that generates pain in patients because they require blood samples to measure glucose, worse for those diabetics who must have the measurement several times a day. In view of this problem, this article will make a portable blood glucose meter system for the self-monitoring of diabetic patients and determine the blood sugar level to visualize it by means of a screen, with this system the measurement will be made without pain and will show the value of the glucose level accurately, Helping diabetic patients who perform monitoring several times a day. Through the development of l system, it was observed that it works in the best way with an efficiency of 96.97% in the measurement of glucose, when comparing with others equipment glucometers obtained a relative error of 2.99%, being an error accepted to approach the real value.


Professor Lichtenberg, of Gottingen, some time ago made an experiment upon the electrophorus, an account of which was first received in London towards the latter end of the year 1777. The phenomena attending the experiment are very entertaining and various, but I do not know that any person ever offered a satisfactory explanation of them. The author himself, in his paper entitled "De nova methodo naturam ac motum Fluidi Electrici investigandi Commentatio prior," wherein he gives an account of the experiment, does not attempt any explanation of it; contenting himself with the account only of various particulars attending to it.


The prospects for the use of cloud technologies that ensure the creation of complex
information systems that allow real-time real-time adaptive control of energy balances to prevent mal functions and unplanned equipment downtime are considered. This is a stage in the digitalization of
enterprises, which leads to an increase in production efficiency.


Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder, and its rapid emergence worldwide has led to its classification as an epidemic. Aim To increase our knowledge about omentin-1 and its relation with type 2 DM, insulin resistance, and obesity. Patients and methods This study included 50 patients with type 2 DM, with an age range from 40 to 70 years, who were divided into two groups (25 obese and 25 nonobese), as well as 40 age group (20 obese and 20 nonobese)-matched patients, who formed the control group. Each group was subjected to full history taking and clinical examination (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, and serum omentin-1 levels). Weight and height were measured. Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and BMI were calculated. Results The study showed a significant decrease in serum omentin-1 levels in type 2 diabetic patients in comparison with the control group. Serum omentin-1 levels inversely correlated with obesity, insulin resistance, and systolic blood pressure. Negative associations were found between serum omentin-1 level and fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting lipid levels. Conclusion Omentin-1 may be used as a biomarker for obesity and associated metabolic and vascular disorders.


In order to reduce response time and increase file download speed,as a Bootloader based on U-Boot,this paper designed and developed CrystalBoot.By adding splash screen displaying and charging management functions into Bootloader,CrystalBoot could respond more quickly to user's powering-on and charging operations.Meanwhile,USB-based file download system helped engineers download and debugged codes more efficiently.Both end users and engineers can benefit from these enhancements.


An analysis of the economic and engineering possibilities of reactors in operation or under construction and the proJection of the data to the years 1966 to 68, made by the Reactor Development Division of the USAEC, is considered with respect to the power needs and nuclear technology of Spain. (J.S.R.)


Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological process of composting which converts the waste organic products into manure with the help of Earthworms. Lampito mauritii is a top soil species which produces good quantities of vermicomposting in a suitable environment. In this study, L. mauritti species strains are collected from five different villages (T1-T5) in nearby Tiruchirappalli district and used for vermicomposting production analysis for 60 days. The number and weight of the earthworm are gradually increased due to the availability of nutrients in all the groups. The percentage of vermicompost production is increased in Omandur (T1) and Puthanampatti (T2) i.e. muddy and clay soil strains than other groups.
Keywords: Vermicomposting; L. mauritii; Verimbed; Earthworm; strain


It is significant to formulate effective measures to contain the spread of serious infectious diseases such as COVID-19, especially in the early stage of spread. Effective reproduction number is one of the key parameters to evaluate the effectiveness. It is difficult to estimate the effective reproduction number due to the incomplete symptom onsets. A model based on Monte Carlo method is proposed to estimate the effective reproduction number by using small number of symptom onsets. The control efficacy of Chinese mainland and some international countries is evaluated by the estimation of effective reproduction number. COVID-19 was effectively suppressed in two weeks after introducing A-level control measure at January 20, 2020. The containment of COVID-19 in Republic of Korea has also achieved some progresses.


As the Korea-U.S. FTA went into effect on March 15, 2012, the "Patent-Drug Approval linkage" system has been introduced to Korea. The Patent-Drug approval linkage refers to the system or process by which a country links drug marketing approval to the status of patent(s) of an original drug product. Apparently, the objectives of these two areas of regulation are completely different from each other – the patent system aims to reward people for discovery or development of new inventions whereas the drug approval regulation pursues to ensure the efficacy and safety of drugs for public health. Under this linkage mechanism, through the communication between the Patent Office and the Drug Approval Authorization, a generic marketing approval relying on the safety and efficacy data of the original drug product is not allowed until the patent covering the original drug expires. Before the introduction of this linkage system in Korea, regardless of the existence of a patent right covering the original drug product, generic companies were freely allowed to apply and obtain a marketing approval from the Korea Food and Drug Administration, since the Korean drug approval authority did not take into account the patent status in the marketing approval process. Upon the market approval, the typical procedure was that the original drug company and/or the patentee sue the generic company for patent infringement, which is then followed by a separate invalidation action against the original drug patent by the generic company, whereby the two procedures are separately carried out according to the so-called bifurcation system. Only when a court or a tribunal board confirmed that the drug covered by the marketing approval infringes a patent, the marketing approval for the generic drug could be ex post facto cancelled. Now, upon the introduction of the Patent-Drug approval linkage system, a generic company cannot market its product without obtaining consent of a patent owner before the expiration of relevant patent rights listed by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. Specifically, under Article 18.9.5 of the Korea-U.S. FTA, the Korean government is obligated to notify the patent owner of the identity of any other person requesting the marketing approval based on the safety or efficacy data submitted by the patent owner, i.e., original drug maker, before the marketing approval of the generic drug. Further, this Article obligates the Korean government to implement measures in the marketing approval process, to prevent the other person, i.e., generic drug maker, from marketing a drug without the consent or acquiescence of the patent owner whose patent(s) covering the drug is valid and in force. The Patent-Drug approval linkage system was firstly introduced in the U.S. as a part of the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, which is popularly known as the "Hatch-Waxman Act," immediately following the 1984 Federal Circuit opinion in Roche v. Bolar case. In 1993, Canada also adopted this system under the North American Free Trade Agreement and implemented the Canadian Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations. However, both countries have amended their systems a couple of times after having experienced unexpected results such as listing of improper patents, misuse of automatic stays, multiple filings of generic application, settlement for delay of generics entry, and so on. Therefore, it appears necessary to discuss any potential problems which might occur after the introduction of the Patent-Drug approval linkage system in Korea, as well as solutions therefor, in light of the experiences of the U.S. and Canada. Hence, this paper aims, in the light of the lessons obtained from the experiences of the U.S. and Canada with regard to the Patent-Drug approval linkage system, to discuss and propose adequate measures and legislations, by which original drug companies as well as generic companies can be benefited in a balanced way under the newly introduced Patent-Drug approval linkage system.


In this study,rat models of aerobic exercise and exercise-induced fatigue were established through running on an animal treadmill.Picrosirius polarization and transmission electron microscope method were applied to display the collagen fibers type Ⅰ,Ⅲ,blood capillary and intercalary disc tissue structural changes in rat's myocardium.The results demonstrated that in the control group and aerobic exercise group,collagen fibers type Ⅰ,Ⅲ microstructure,blood vessel and intercalary disc ultrastructural were normal in the myocardium.However,exercise-induced fatigue leading to collagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ microstructure,blood capillary and intercalary disc ultrastructural abnormal,distortion,dissolution in the myocardium.Compared with control group,statistical results showed that aerobic training increase both the collagen fibers type Ⅰ and Ⅲ(P0.05).However,exercise-induced fatigue leading to collagen fibers type Ⅰ increase significantly,and decrease collagen fibers type Ⅲ significantly(P0.05~0.01).In summary,exercise with different intensities demonstrated different effects for collagen fibers type Ⅰ,Ⅲ,intercalary disc and blood vessel in the myocardium.Exercise-induced fatigue collagen fibers type Ⅰ,Ⅲ disbalance,intercalary disc and blood capillary ultrastructural changes like pathology situation may be close relation with sports arrhythmia and sudden death in sports.


Abstract : AFM 1-1 and the United States Air Force's new vision paper, Global Engagement: A Vision for the 21st Century Air Force, allow significant flexibility in the employment of Air Force resources. However, as doctrine or the core for doctrinal development, both documents intimate significant flaws in the process of creating guidance from theory, then applying that guidance to warfighting. An incongruent relationship exists between the creation of formal Air Force doctrine and the development of operational weapon systems. More specifically, the Air Force's inventory of long-range strategic bombers, although conceived as weapons of nuclear deterrence during the Cold War, must now fit within parameters of post-Cold War air power doctrine. In the B-2 particularly, the Air Force justifies the existence of a platform not entirely compatible with its overarching doctrine of global reach, global power, and global attack-an aircraft whose technological advances belie anachronistic origins. Thus, it denies or subjugates the application of other possibilities for strategic attack. The lingering correlation of nuclear deterrence and long-range strike to the word 'strategic' represents a doctrinal parochialism that resists the development of more effective, appropriate theory and doctrine-and their accompanying weapons. The extremely focused remnants of that forty-year-old doctrine must now meet the more varied demands of post-Cold War hostilities. Doctrine and technological development should be interrelated. Ideally, we first develop concepts from ideas and theories. Through experience, we validate these concepts. The resulting written, published, authoritative guidance is formal doctrine; we can then derive the technological means for implementing that doctrine. Thus, we start with ideas, develop the concepts, test those concepts in the crucible of experience, produce the doctrine, build the weapon system, and enter the next evolution of the process.


'Lack of integration across sectors in terms of strategies, policies and implementation has long been perceived as one of the main pitfalls of previous approaches to sustainable development. Insufficient understanding and accounting of trade-offs and synergies across sectors have resulted in incoherent policies, adverse impacts of development policies focused on specific sectors on other sectors, and ultimately in diverging outcomes and trends across broad objectives for sustainable development'.


The articles in issue 9 of Etudes digitales, on The Digital Economy and the Capitalocene, focus on different theoretical and methodological approaches and issues, with the ambition to extend the interpretations presented in the previous issue of Etudes digitales on the economics of digital platforms. We have chosen to introduce this new dossier by translating an article by Jason W. Moore, whose merit is to highlight the main issues in the debate on the relationship between Anthropocene and Capitalocene. Fabien Colombo's article is part of this perspective, drawing on the respective work of Jason W. Moore and Nick Srnicek (platform capitalism), to explain how it is possible to make the two authors' thoughts and concepts converge around Capitalocene in the era of digital platforms. For his part, Paolo Vignola's contribution intends to grasp the plural nature of the cartographies induced by the concept of Capitalocene, both geographical and economic, but also symbolic, philosophical and epistemological. This approach and the teachings to which it leads Paolo Vignola to highlight the critical topicality of Felix Guattari's reflections on the three ecologies, environmental, mental and social, in the context of the Capitalocene. In their article, Philippe Beraud and Franck Cormerais draw on a specific chapter of Bernard Stiegler's book, Qu'appelle-t-on panser ? 2. La lecon de Gretha Thunberg, to try to understand the position of this philosopher in relation to Jason W. Moore's approach to the Capitalocene. The intention of the authors is not to exhaust the analysis of the terms of the controversy but to identify the specificities of Stiegler's thinking. Fabrice Flippo's article focuses on the analysis of the nature of the digital economy, considered both as a rupture and as a continuation of the productivist economy. By pointing out the contradictions induced with the ecological stakes, the author calls for "a decrease or even a collapse of the digital economy". Maxime Ouellet's contribution is in line with this perspective, identifying the relationship between digital technologies and the ecological crisis in the Capitalocene era. The author points out the responsibility of cybernetic capitalism, within which algorithmic governance intends to simultaneously optimize the management of environmental problems and promote new forms of capital development. By combining the digital and Capitalocene approaches, the contribution of Armel Campagne and Marc-Antoine Pencole shows that the environmental consequences of capitalism are accompanied by characteristic phenomena, linked to the perception of the causes of climate change, the spatial redistribution of pollution and the resolution of social antagonisms at the expense of the environment. For his part, Gerard Dubey analyzes in his article the continuity of the process that links the characteristics of the digitization of the world and the representations resulting from the thermo-industrial era. The author highlights the adaptability of the social organization models of industrial capitalism to digital infrastructures, questioning the foundations of this convergence. In a concluding article, Philippe Beraud and Franck Cormerais question the nature of platform capitalism. In this perspective, hypercapitalism is defined as a disruptive regime that relies on digital infrastructures to converge the unlimited extension of marketplaces, data capture and valorisation, generalised outsourcing and subcontracting, as well as the emancipation of the platform economy from state and institutional constraints. In her juridical section, Annie Blandin deals with the question of the regulation of hate content on the Internet. By questioning the scope of the legal means that compel platforms to intervene to remove such content, she shows that this type of regulation can contribute to the confusion between regalian functions and corporate activities.


With a rapid expansion of the High-Speed Rail (HSR) network in China, and endorsement of Transit-First policies from the government, China now witnesses the booming of multimodal transit facilities. On the other hand, Architects are lacking real-world experience in handling "mass transit oriented" facilities involving complex vehicular/pedestrian movements and an effective "way-finding" system. Typical opportunities and challenges facing project management teams and stakeholders are summarized in this paper, and stakeholder-oriented collaborative mechanisms are proposed which focus on communication and mutual-understanding. Examples are given to demonstrate how such a mechanism is utilized in transportation analysis of the HSR design. Suggestions are proposed for an HSR project management team, as well as stakeholders to further enhance the collaboration, and how to adapt international experiences to local conditions and characteristics. Through an integrated design process, both the technical and management skills of the multi-disciplinary team are brought up to a new level.


The study, which examines the position of the main idea in interior design and the development process of the main idea, aims to emphasize the importance of the main idea in terms of the space design. The main idea is an important design decision that can be defined as the core of the design, guides the designer at every stage of the design process. There are some data that need to be analyzed at the beginning of the design process. Various notions are reached based on these data, which are called as main idea components within the scope of the study. With the determination of the notions, the main idea is developed as a solution proposal to the design problem. Subsequently, the main idea is transferred to the design by adopting design approaches focusing on different aspects. The process diagram of transferring the main idea to the design is prepared with the data obtained in the theoretical parts of the study, which main idea components, design approaches and the development process of the main idea are examined. The validity of this diagram was questioned in a field study conducted with the students of Çukurova University, Department of Interior Architecture. The design processes in the analyzed applications were evaluated in accordance with this diagram, and in the light of the findings, the study was concluded with suggestions for future studies on the subject.


ABSTRACT Each year, Turkish public schools welcome many children who have little to no Turkish language skills. This study has been conducted with the purpose of unearthing the challenges that preschool education teachers are likely to experience while teaching children with low Turkish language capabilities. Twenty preschool education teachers, who worked in suburban districts where Kurdish is commonly spoken, participated in this study. A semi-structured interview protocol that was developed by the researchers was used for subsequent data collection. Participants were interviewed on a one-on-one basis in the attempt to determine how early childhood education could support the development of Turkish language skills amongst such children. Miles and Huberman's [1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Source Book. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications] systematic approach was utilised to analyse the data. The findings revealed that teachers are essentially left to cope with this issue on their own, and are generally unable to gain the support or resources needed to teach children the Turkish language. Although they achieve some progress despite these handicaps, their methods were unsystematic, unscientific or were not pedagogically proven.


The article evaluates if Conservation and Environmental Appreciation Campaign, developed in Parelhas/RN, contributes to the guidelines and environmental behaviors of the participants. A questionnaire was used to capture demographic data and levels of agreement of respondents about sixteen environmental variables. The survey instrument is an adapted version of the construct of Larson, Castleberry and Green (2010), entitled Children's Environmental Perceptions Scale (CEPS). 101 students were interviewed who are enrolled in two schools in the local segment: one public and the other private. The results demonstrated that the project under discussion has been building and solidifying behaviors and environmental values of the students. There supremacy of variables that integrate eco-consciousness, indicating that participants know how importante their role is for the act of contributing to the preservation of the environment.


1. The Problem Web servers are becoming the primary interface to a number of services, that are no longer limited to browsing, but now also provide access to services through approaches like XML Web Services, and later will enable full-scale two-way applications, and eventually will evolve into grid based computing. When serving a large number of clients (thousands concurrently and millions transactions per day) the Web server becomes a bottleneck, and hence a number of solutions have been proposed, which involve some form of replication and a mixture of techniques for performing load balancing which are neither adequate nor scalable. The typical setting involves a farm of Web servers and a load balancer located in front of them, which redirects requests to one of them according to the pre-configured policy.


In a traditional dual optics routes Michelson interferometer, the critical time delay is acquired by scanning one mirror that needs a precision physical translation mechanism. The so-called translation mechanism usually dominates the risk, cost, power consumption, and performance of such instruments which limits the development of interference spectrometer. This paper describes the principle of a novel temporal modulated interference spectrometer that generates time delay by using birefringence crystal because of speed difference and the refraction indexes between the ordinary and the extraordinary component. A greater optical path difference can be abstained by cascading a series of wave plates that interlaced with a series of achromatic ferroelectric liquid crystal switches. Through the simulation analysis and experiment of the principle of polarization interference spectrometer, it demonstrates the validity of the instrument principle and data inversion method.


The lack of independent child looks at a child's first day of school, kids crying because they do not want to part with their parents. At this age most children are not able to socialize with friends and school environment. Formation of personality in early childhood through play performed by instilling the values of the expected form the intellectual intelligent personality, body healthy, creative and active, social, emotional and religious. The purpose integrated within the learning material development in kinder garden.


this paper identifies key pathways for developing and strengthening ties between academic institutions and industry stakeholders that have been successful at the The Citadel. Using student success indicators in a technical writing and communication course designed for engineering students, quantitative and qualitative results from two case studies are presented. Results are extracted from pre- and post-testing of student performance indicators at The Citadel, as well as from surveys to gauge student perceptions of performance and confidence. The first case study presents evidence of student performance gains observed after completion of a device repair guide project, produced for iFixit, a consumer-focused device repair company, to meet the needs of real users. The second case study presents evidence of student performance gains after implementing a condensed version of an industry-requested workshop on proposal writing. This paper makes recommendations for technical writing course design and assessment, as well as the demonstrated merits of building industry-informed projects in the technical writing classroom, putting rhetoric in action.


Interlocking jaw clutch actuation mechanism for synchronizing the shifting means, wherein the synchronization body (1) and the gear (2) having a different rotational speed synchronization coupled together by axially movable annular sleeve (3). Characterized in that the notches (12) synchronous body (1) is axially provided with a synchronizing ring (5, 6) carrying lead detent (52, 62), and with a circumferential gap, the synchronizer ring by a radial inward cam (55, 65) and the next synchronizing ring (50, 60) engages, which is placed under the former, and two synchronizing rings (5,50; 6,60) is rotatably coupled.


The description of the volcanoes in the former Netherlands East Indies are analysed in order of their publication, grouping them into three parts. The first group consists of information from old Javanese sources and incidental communications in travel accounts and the like, dating from the 16th, 17th and 18th century. The second group includes scientific reports from the 19th century and the last part deals with the organised volcanological research after 1900 until the Indonesian Independence. This last part not only lists the volcanoes going from west to east but also discusses several special topics that were studied, e.g. temperatures in the crater region, sulphur in Indonesia and the caldera problem. Each chapter begins with some historical notes, including biographic details of the scientists that carried out the volcanological research. A list of active volcanoes in Indonesia, including fumarole and solfatare fields, is given and also an exhaustive bibliography.


The production of castings can be considered as production in transport. Is necessary to plan and supply the huge quantity of different materials. The expenses of these materials reach 80 % of all expenses which give the importance to planning of working materials for serial production. To perform all mentioned in planning phase of production is necessary to define satisfactory method of determination of kind and quantity of working materials and carriers of necessary information for planning. As entrance have information from Operational sheet, List of operations and List of tools.


WHEN NORMIAN EAGLE ANSWERED (Comm7unity and Junior College Journal, October 1975) Irene Kiernan's article questioning the validity of student ratings of faculty (Community and Junior College Journal, April 1975), he used a technique that one finds often in articles about evaluation. Those who question the validity of student ratings on logical or philosophical grounds are accused of being ignorant of or of willfully ignoring the findings of scientific research. It is "curious," Mr. Eagle says, "that Professor Kiernan argues so strongly for the validation of student rating questionnaires while ignoring the wealth of research findings (in effect, validity studies), which now abound." In the April, 1974, Community and Junior College Journal, Charlotte Epstein took the same approach. She asked, "How do the perceptions of faculty compare with the findings of scholarly research on the validity of student evaluations?" She answered, "In most cases faculty attitudes do not agree. Research findings, for example, do not support the faculty view that student ratings are affected by grades, class size, or whether or not the student is majoring in the discipline." Perhaps the classic example of the research-is-on-our-side technique appears in Kenneth Eble's article, "What Are We Afraid Of?" in the January, 1974, issue of College English. Professor Eble is the former director of the AAUP-American Association of Colleges sponsored Project to Improve College Teaching and author of its influential report, The Recognition and Evaluation of Teaching. He has also been a professional consultant on faculty evaluation for some years. In his College English article he said exactly what he thought of an article by Evelyn Kossoff that had appeared in the WVinter, 1971-72, issue of the American Scholar. Ms. Kossoff, an English teacher, had questioned the logic of faculty rating scales that rate a teacher as "average" when a third of his students say he is average, a third say he is below average, and a third say he is above average. Ms. Kossoff had attempted to defend her position with logical arguments and case histories rather than with citations of statistical research studies in educational journals. Professor Eble was quick to point out the absence of scholarly citations. Her


An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of diets with different calcium levels and supplemented with phytase on the performance of broiler chickens in initial (1 to 21 days of age), growing (22 to 35 days of age) and final (36 to 42 days of age) phases. Two thousand one hundred and sixty male broilers from AG Ross 308 line, from 1 to 42 days old were distributed in 6 treatments, with 6 replicates each. A completely randomized design in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme was used, with 3 phytase levels (0, 600 or 1,200 ftu/kg) and 2 calcium levels (0.94% and 0.66%; 0.84% and 0.59%; and 0.78% and 0.54% to initial, growing and final phases, respectively). The experimental diets had lower available phosphorus levels and minimum crude protein levels. At the end of each phase the weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and death rate were evaluated. There was significant interaction between phytase and calcium levels for weight gain, feed intake and death rate in all studied phases, with best results observed for treatments constituted by 1,200 ftu/kg of phytase and lower calcium levels on the diets. No significant results were observed to FC. Nutritional calcium levels can be reduced in 30%, in diets with lower available phosphorus and minimum crude protein levels, since the diet is supplemented 1,200 ftu/kg of phytase.


Foreword by Patricia Turner Mitchell, Ph.D. Acknowledgments 1. The Research Problem 2. Review of Related Literature 3. Research Methodology 4. Findings of the Study 5. Discussion, Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations Appendices Appendix A - IRBPHS University of San Francisco Appendix B - Permission to Use Instrument Appendix C - Strategic Schooling On-target Check Lists Appendix D - Letter to Administrator and Teacher Participants Appendix E - Letter to Parent Participants Appendix F - Spanish Release Form for Audio Tapes and Transcripts.... Appendix G - English Release Form for Audio Tapes and Transcripts.... References Index.


A Mutual Fund is an investment vehicle that pools funds from various investors and invests the funds in stocks, bonds, short-term money-market instruments, other securities or assets or some combination of these investments. The primary goal behind investment in mutual fund is to earn goods return with comparatively low risk. The main objective of this research is to identify investors' preference towards mutual fund in Kathmandu metropolitan city. By using in structured questionnaire, Description statistical tools like chi-square test have been used for analyzing the data. The findings from this research are that the most of the investors are doubtful to invest the new age investment like mutual funds.


Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology that developed over the last three decades has provided a novel and promising alternative method for interacting with the environment. BCI is a system which translates a subject's intentions into a control signal for a device, e.g., a computer application, a wheelchair or a neuroprosthesis. Electroencephalogram-based BCI has become a hot spot in the research of neural engineering, rehabilitation, and brain science. The artifacts are disturbance that can occur during the signal acquisition and that can alter the analysis of the signals themselves. Removing artifacts produced in Electroencephalogram (EEG) data by muscle activity, eye blinks and electrical noise is a common and important problem in EEG analysis. In this research, for artifact rejection, EEG data are filtered to the frequency range between 8 and 32 Hz with a butterworth band-pass filter. Finally two different structures of neural network and a support vector machine used to classify features that are extracted by Hilbert and Wavelet transform.


This paper proposes a wide tuning Injection-Locked Frequency Divider (ILFD) and describes its operation principle. The circuit is made of a differential CMOS-tank oscillator in 0.35 µm process and is based on the direct injection topology. A theoretical prediction of the Locking range is developed and a graphical optimization of the circuit is done. The simulated results obtained with optimum parameter sizing show that at 2.5 V supply voltage, the divider free-running frequencies are from 2.27 to 2.53 GHz. The locking range of the proposed ILFD is about 548 MHz from the incident frequency 4.524 to 5.074 GHz. The power consumption is 9 mW and the phase noise of the locked output is -128.6 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency.


Ever since they were created in the 70s, Decision Support Systems (DSS) have been a great source of help with different management problems such as the optimization of travel times in airlines or train companies, medical diagnosis, business management, natural resource management, agriculture and forestry. Forest planning uses forest simulators that usually include growth and performance models in order to generate the different alternative management programs which will give rise to different production processes and programs. The selection of the best choice according to predefined criteria, which are generally related to the number of alternative management options, production programs and assessment criteria, require the use of optimization methods. These optimization methods range from whole linear programming, goal programming to heuristic methods, among which tabu search, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing are worth noting.


This paper describes a stacked suspended probe‐fed plate antenna for broadband applications. The effects of changing the size of the upper plate and the distance between the upper and the lower plates on the impedance and radiation characteristics of the antenna are discussed numerically and experimentally. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 337–339, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10911


In this study, the value types of 6, 7 and 8 class text books which take place in the primary education science and technology education program, have been targeted for investigation for the present rate of these values in different textbooks, and, whether they changed in accordance with class variables (class, subject content, and divisions of the unit). For this purpose, science and technology activities in textbooks, texts, and different values for each grade level were analyzed "Values Form in the Textbooks (DKDF)" and the data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS program 17.00 quantitatively. At the end of the study, it has been found that mostly the theoretical values had been used in the science and technology textbooks and the value types had shown variations according to the class, subject content and the unit sections.

 Key words: Values, elementary science education, textbook.


The problem of fixed-width confidence interval estimation of the common mean of several normal populations having unknown and unequal variances is considered. A two-stage procedure is developed to tackle the problem and its nice asymptotic properties are studied. Zacks (9) considered sequential procedures to construct fixed-width confidence interval for the common mean of two normal populations assuming one population's variance to be known. Mukhopadhyay and Narayan (6) generalized the results of Zacks (9) when both the variances were unknown. They also considered the problem of constructing fixed-width confidence interval for the common location parameter of two exponential populations having unequal and unknown scale parameters. Costanza, Hamdy and Son (4) dealt with the problem of constructing a confidence interval of pre-assigned width and coverage probability for the common location parameter of several exponential populations, assuming their scale parameters to be unknown and unequal. They established the non- existence of the fixed sample size procedure to deal with this estimation problem. In order to tackle with the problem, along the lines of Stein (8), they developed a 'routine-type' two-stage procedure. For the same estimation problem Chaturvedi, Tiwari and Pandey (2) developed three-stage, accelerated sequential and purely sequential procedures and obtained the associated second-order approximations. In a later communication, Chaturvedi, Tiwari and Pandey (3) considered the problem of bounded risk point estimation of the common location parameter of several exponential distributions and proposed some multistage procedures and derived the second-order approximations. In the present note, we consider the problem of fixed-width confidence interval estimation of the common mean of several normal populations having unknown and possibly unequal variances. In Section 2, we consider the set-up of the estimation problem and establish the failure of the fixed sample size procedure to deal with it. In Section 3, a two-stage procedure is developed for the fixed-width confidence interval estimation problem and its asymptotic properties are obtained.