Abstract – For the BMBF project GITEWS, the German
contribution to a tsunami early warning system for the Indian
Ocean, a geodata repository was established. This repository
contains all geodata, which were required for the development
and implementation of GITEWS. During the stage of
requirements analysis all available and relevant data were
acquired and collected. This process was realized in close
collaboration with the Indonesian partner organizations.
During the harmonization process several quality control
procedures were performed to ensure the maximum possible
quality and reliability.
On the on hand the geospatial data were provided to the
different work groups in the project. On the other hand the
data repository was integrated in the Early Warning and
Mitigation System, providing a large geodatabase for the
Decision Support System. The data access to the repository
was realized by using OGC compliant web services (WMS,
WFS, WCS, CSW 2.0).


The purpose of this paper is to give direct proofs of some convergence results for the gradient and gradient projection methods applied to optimal control problem. The methods are considered in the continuous approach. In the context of optimal control problem, direct proofs are given to the results from the point of view of the teaching methods. The gradient projection method is studied in a modied variant, which is programmed in a simpler way in a Computer Algebra System (CAS) environment. For simple optimal control problems it is possible to use symbolic computations. An example is solved in Mathematica CAS.


The GABAB receptors GABAB‐R1 and GABAB‐R2 have been cloned in several mammalian species, and the functional receptor has been shown to exist as a heterodimeric complex. We have cloned guinea pig GABAB‐R1 and GABAB‐R2 receptor sequences and, using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry for vasopressin (AVP), we found that GABAB‐R1 and ‐R2 receptors are expressed in vasopressin neurones of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN). Therefore, we used both sharp electrode and whole‐cell patch recording techniques to examine the effects of the selective GABAB agonist baclofen on SON and PVN magnocellular neurones and to determine the coupling of the GABAB receptor to effector pathways. Recordings were made in coronal hypothalamic slices from both female (ovariectomized) and male guinea pigs. In the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), baclofen hyperpolarized (ΔVmax= 5.6 mV, EC50= 2.3 μM) SON magnocellular neurones (n= 27) under current clamp, or induced an outward current that reversed at EK (ΔImax= 24.2 pA) in PVN magnocellular neurones (n= 33) under voltage clamp. Seventeen of the 24 biocytin‐labelled SON magnocellular neurones were identified as AVP neurones, and ten of the 33 biocytin‐labelled PVN neurones were identified as AVP or neurophysin‐containing neurones, although all of the cells were clustered in the vasopressin‐rich core. In the absence of TTX, baclofen activated an outward K+ current that hyperpolarized SON and PVN neurones and significantly reduced their firing rate. The outward current showed inward rectification and was blocked by the K+ channel blocker barium and the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 35348. Therefore, GABAB receptors are coupled to inwardly rectifying K+ channels in SON and PVN magnocellular neurones and may play a prominent role in modulating phasic bursting activity in guinea pig vasopressin neurones.


High scorers on the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test were crosscategorized by levels of father's and mother's education. The relative probability of high achievement for males as compared with females of the same background is then indicated by the ratio of the number of males to the number of females in each category. This ratio was found to decrease with increasing father's and mother's education; however, the association of father's education with this ratio disappeared when mother's education was controlled. Examination of subtest scores revealed the same findings on the Mathematics Usage, Social Studies Reading, and Natural Sciences Reading subtests; no trends were observed on the English Usage and Word Usage subtests.


It has been demonstrated that the near‐field pressure spectrum (generated by a turbulent submerged water jet) is enhanced when the turbulent flow is modified to become a two‐phase flow containing air bubbles [''Proceedings of the 14th ICA, Beijing, China,'' Acoustica 76, supplement to No. 4, May (1992), paper B6‐1, p. 70]. An amplification factor G =∫p 2two‐phasedf/∫p2single‐phasedf is measured as a function of the gross void fraction β of the air bubbles. Results showed that G∼β2 and G∼20 at β=0.0065. The range of void fraction was limited due to the use of the bubble maker (located at the jet nozzle entrance) which consisted of a fritted ceramic disk that was housed in a glass Buchner funnel and fed compressed nitrogen gas. It is possible to improve this apparatus by using carbonated water at high pressure in a nozzle that consists of an array of small holes in a thin circular plate. This arrangement can be controlled to yield small bubbles with an average diameter of about 100 μm in water. Larger void ...


With the development of information technology, computer system has become increasingly important for the whole country as a support for social activities. Any destroy or failure of computer system will contribute to huge influence on the whole society. It is of great and direct importance to study the safety of computer information system. In the paper, much importance has been given to the safety principles for the application of computer system, development of information system, safety levels, safety service and safety structure models. Besides, according to the study, safety of computer network is a comprehensive and complicated system project, which needs to be maintained regularly by improving people's awareness of computer network safety. By studying and accumulating knowledge, people's skills in computer safety can be constantly improved.


Objective To explore the effects of new castle disease virus modified autologous tumor vaccine (NDV ATV) specific immunotherapy on T H1 /T H2 profile in the patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods T H1 type(IL 2,IFN γ)and T H2 type (IL 4,IL 10 )cytokines were determined at 2 days before operation, 1 week before and after each NDV ATV inoculation by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results There was a predominant profile of T H2 in the patients with NSCLC. After continuous inoculation with NDV ATV 4 times (4 weeks), the predominance of T H2 were changed to that of T H1 . Conclusion There is a predominant profile of T H2 in the patients with NSCLC, which might contribute partially to the tumor immune escape. The active specific immune therapy with NDV ATV can turn the predominance of T H2 to that of T H1 , which might be one of the infectors related to the efficiency of NDV ATV in clinical research.


The microstructure of the natural rubber/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared by ultrasonic technique was analyzed by TEM. The results showed that the organic montmorillonite with layer characteristic to form clay/rubber nanocomposite with a good adhesive interface, which improved the mechanical and aging properties. The tensile strength of the composite with 3% organic montmorillonite was 20 MPa that reduced to 65% after aging. Whereas the tensile strength of the composite with the same mount of montmorillonite was 17 MPa down to 32% after aging.


Squeeze film dampers are commonly applied to high speed rotating machinery, such as aircraft engines, to reduce vibration problems. The theory of hydrodynamic lubrication has been used for the design and modeling of dampers in rotor dynamic systems despite typical modified Reynolds numbers in applications between ten and fifty. Lubrication theory is strictly valid for Reynolds numbers much less than one, which means that fluid viscous forces are much greater than inertia forces. Theoretical papers which account for fluid inertia in squeeze films have predicted large discrepancies from lubrication theory, but these results have not found wide acceptance by workers in the gas turbine industry. Recently, experimental results on the behavior of rotor dynamic systems have been reported which strongly support the existence of large fluid inertia forces. In the present paper direct measurements of damper forces are presented for the first time. Reynolds numbers up to ten are obtained at eccentricity ratios 0.2 and 0.5. Lubrication theory underpredicts the measured forces by up to a factor of two (100% error). Qualitative agreement is found with predictions of earlier improved theories which include fluid inertia forces.Copyright © 1984 by ASME


This article revisits the Ford Halewood car plant on Merseyside to assess the extent of shop steward bureaucratisation since Huw Beynon's Working for Ford appeared twenty years ago. It suggests that, notwithstanding very substantial changes, there are important elements of continuity with the shop-floor union vitality of the past.


One of the least studied aspects of colonial economic history is the role of women in the economy. The focus of the occasional study of this role has been the work of women in agriculture or as household producers. The position of women in a number of Asian former colonies has likely changed substantially since the turn of the last century. The directions of these developments are often specific in nature, and are well understood only in the context of their initial conditions.2


In statistical inverse problems, the objective is a complete statistical description of unknown parameters from noisy observations to quantify uncertainties in unknown parameters. We consider inverse problems with partial-differential-equation (PDE) constraints, which are applicable to many seismic problems. Bayesian inference is one of the most widely used approaches to precisely quantify statistics through a posterior distribution, incorporating uncertainties in observed data, modeling kernel, and prior knowledge of parameters. Typically when formulating the posterior distribution, the PDE constraints are required to be exactly satisfied, resulting in a highly nonlinear forward map and a posterior distribution with many local maxima. These drawbacks make it difficult to find an appropriate approximation for the posterior distribution. Another complicating factor is that traditional Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are known to converge slowly for realistically sized problems. To overcome these drawbacks, we relax the PDE constraints by introducing an auxiliary variable, which allows for Gaussian errors in the PDE and yields a bilinear posterior distribution with weak PDE constraints that is more amenable to uncertainty quantification because of its special structure. We determine that for a particular range of variance choices for the PDE misfit term, the new posterior distribution has fewer modes and can be well-approximated by a Gaussian distribution, which can then be sampled in a straightforward manner. Because it is prohibitively expensive to explicitly construct the dense covariance matrix of the Gaussian approximation for problems with more than [Formula: see text] unknowns, we have developed a method to implicitly construct it, which enables efficient sampling. We apply this framework to 2D seismic inverse problems with 1800 and 92,455 unknown parameters. The results illustrate that our framework can produce comparable statistical quantities with those produced by conventional MCMC-type methods while requiring far fewer PDE solves, which are the main computational bottlenecks in these problems.


There continuous debates about the essence and levels of efficiency of farms and agrarian organizations, with an increasing focus on governance aspects in recent years. Nevertheless, most of the existing assessments are at a conceptual or qualitative level due to well- known "measurement" problems related to transacting costs. This article incorporates the New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics framework and suggests a practical approach for assessing the level and factors of governance efficiency of Bulgarian farms as a whole and of different types and locations. The evaluation of governance efficiency of the country' s farms is made on the basis of original microdata collected by the managers of typical farms. The "Nature of the problems in effective organization for major class farm transactions for securing needed factors of production and marketing of output" is used as an indicator for the comparative efficiency and adaptability (equal, lower, or greater to another farm/s or organisation/s depending on the extent of transacting difficulties) of individual farms. The study has found that the governance efficiency of farms is at a Good level but 60% of all farms in the county are with a Low efficiency and will likely cease to exist in near future. Major factors for inferior governance efficiency of Bulgarian farms are unsatisfactory efficiency in Supply of Necessary Labour, Innovations and Know-how, and Funding. There is a huge variation in the level and factors of governance efficiency of farms with different juridical types, sizes, product specializations, and geographical and ecological locations as well as in the share of farms with different levels of efficiency in each group. Furthermore, a strong correlation has been found between the level of governance efficiency and adaptability of farms, and diverse critical internal and external market, technological, institutional, personal, etc. factors that could feasibly increase the competitiveness of holdings. The study has proved that there is a big discrepancy between the new assessments of Governance efficiency with dominating traditional approaches for farm efficiency assessments based on factors' productivity. The study has also found that there was an improvement in the overall governance efficiency of Bulgarian farms compared to 2016. Nevertheless, the share of (good and high) efficient farms significantly declined during the same period. The suggested approach has to be further improved, and widely and periodically applied in economic analysis at various levels which require the systemic collection of a novel type of micro-data on farms governance and transaction costs. for the farm labor force", "Effective supply of necessary for the farm materials, equipment, and biological resources", "Effective supply of necessary for the farm funding/finance", "Effective supply of necessary for the farm services", "Effective supply of necessary for the farm innovations and know-how", and "Effective marketing and utilization of farm products and services". the combination all possible and transacting


The utility model provides a control inhaul cable for a bicycle, and the control inhaul cable is excellent in adaptation performance between wire rods and organic covering membranes, can be manufactured in low cost, and is low in slide resistance. The control inhaul cable is provided with metal wires which comprise the wire rods and the organic membranes, wherein the organic membranes are formed on the periphery of the wire rods, and the closer the organic to the wire rods, the higher the polymerization degree is.


All materials used during the nuclear reactor operation are potential radioactive wastes. The role of the free release of materials from regulatory control is to reduce the amount of radioactive wastes. The CNCAN allows licensees to release materials according to pre-established criteria which comply with Romanian standards and international recommendations. In this paper, the methodology used for free release of the materials arising from the VVR-S reactor decommissioning is described and commented.


220 Background: IAB2M is a novel anti-PSMA minibody (Mb) based on the humanized J591 antibody that targets the extracellular domain of PSMA. The Mb has been engineered to remove Fc-Rn interactions and reduce the molecular weight relative to J591. The result is faster blood pool clearance, for a more favorable imaging schedule, while retaining bivalent targeting of PSMA. We have previously reported on the pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, and lesion uptake of IAB2M(Pandit-Taskar et al, WMIS 2014). Here we report the correlation between imaging and pathology of biopsies of PSMA avid lesions. Methods: Following standard imaging (SI) of CT/MRI, bone scintigraphy (BS), and FDG PET, 5 mCi of 89Zr-Df-IAB2M was administered intravenously. Escalating minibody doses of 10, 20, and 50 mg were delivered, with cohort expansion at 10 and 20 mg. Whole body PET/CT scans were serially performed at various time points:1-2 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72-144 h post injection. Metastases identified on PET were confirmed, where possible, wi...


Series Foreword Introduction Chronology of Key Events in States' Rights and American Federalism States' Rights and American Federalism in the American Founding Era, 1620-1789 Federalism and the Meaning of the Tenth Amendment, 1789-1835 States' Rights in the Antebellem Period and Civil War, 1828-1865 Changes Involving States Rights and Federalism from the Civil War to the New Deal, 1865-1940 States' Rights and American Federalism from the New Deal to the Present, 1940-1998 Conclusion Index


INTRODUCTION
The data for 2015 show of a general deterioration of living conditions and health of the population in Italy. The possible effects call the nurse to become involved in the subject of health inequalities. The study was designed with the goal of assessing how much the nurses know and perceive the correlation between the state of health of the population and system inequities.

METHOD
An exploratory study was conducted through a bibliographic update compared to previous work and questionnaires in convenience samples of professionals and students of nursing and evaluation of results according to the mixed method perspective.

RESULTS
The nursing literature on the quantity is very limited plan. The questionnaire provides useful answers to the evaluation of the perception of inequalities in health in terms of horizontal and vertical equity.

CONCLUSION
Knowledge of health inequalities cannot be on the edge scientific work and the same professional literature. E 'need to reduce the gap between the aspects of values of their profession, which reverberate in the perception of existing inequities, and the full assumption of knowledge related to the socio-economic determinants of health and disease.


Influences of electrical stunning, CO2 stunning and different durations in orbit(32, 38 and 44 min) on duroc-landrace-yorkshire pig blood stress indicators, pre-cooling loss and pork quality were studied in the paper. The results showed that lactic acid content, cortisol content, creatine kinase content and lactate dehydrogenase content in CO2 stunning pig blood were lowered significantly by 85.50 mg/dL, 161.62 ng/mL, 2828.36 U/L and 192.71 U/L(p<0.05), respectively, compared with that by electrical stunning. The bone breakage rate was lowered by 2.82%. Body chamber temperature(after being sprayed) and pre-cooling loss were reduced by 1.72 ℃ and 0.28 %, respectively when duration in orbit was prolonged from 32 min to 44 min under CO2 stunning condition, and the pre-cooling losses reached the minimum level(0.89%). In addition, the redness value a* was the maximum(7.55), with higher tenderness, while drip loss(3.22%), cooking loss(29.90%), suspected incidence of PSE meat(19.13%) and the incidence of PSE meat(9.10%) were the lowest in all treatments, when CO2 stunning was adopted under the orbit duration process conditions for 44 min. Therefore, CO2 stunning with proper orbit duration prolongation in practical production could reduce stress reaction, lower pre-cooling loss and improve pork quality.


A double transparent window, double-walled IR reflected thin layer electrochemical cell is described. The cell is fit for both aqueous system and non-aqueous system. The results of electrochemical evaluation of K 4Fe(CN) 6 aqueous solution and catechol、hydroquinone in acetonitrile solution showed that the impedance effect and edging effect of the cell could be controlled to a great degree. In the spectra of in-situ FTIR spectroelectrochemical evaluation for cell in aqueous K 4Fe(CN) 6 solution, the negative-going CN peak of Fe(CN) 3- 6 and the positive-going CN peak of Fe(CN) 4- 6 were observed clearly during the oxidation process, in accordance with that reported in literatures. Meanwhile, at the low-temperature in-situ FTIR spectroelectrochemical experiment of hydroquinone in acetonitrile solution using liquid N 2 as refrigerant the clear redox IR spectra with good signal-noise ratio were also obtained.


The article is meant for those who make use of the rich inheritance of the Horologion
of the Byzantine tradition and are interested in the emergence of poetic canons, one
of the most important and widespread genres of the Palestinian-Byzantine spiritual
writings. The author of the article answers the following questions: how and when
were the biblical songs introduced into the Christian liturgy? How were the canons
of biblical songs formed and how did the division of a Psalter for prayer influence this
process? How and when did troparia appear and how were they composed into nineor
eight-song hymnographic canons?


arthritis exercise study. Arthritis Carc Res 1995;8:161-166. tension in the Elderly Pilot Program: Methodological issues. Eur Heart J 1988;9:223. 10. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 5th Ed. Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins, 1995. 11. Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH et al. Validation Study of WOMAC: A health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to nntirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol 1988;15:1833-1840. 12. Ware JE, Snow KK, Kosinski M, Gandek B. SF-36 Health Survey Manual and Interpretation Guide. Boston New England Medical Center, 1993.


Non-overlapping cell populations within dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), defined by gene expression or projection target, control dissociable aspects of reward seeking through unique activity patterns. However, even within these defined cell populations considerable cell-to-cell variability is found, suggesting that greater resolution is needed to understand information processing in dmPFC. Here we use two-photon calcium imaging in awake, behaving mice to monitor the activity of dmPFC excitatory neurons throughout Pavlovian sucrose conditioning. We characterize five unique neuronal ensembles that each encode specialized information related to a reward, reward-predictive cues, and behavioral responses to reward-predictive cues. The ensembles differentially emerge across learning – and stabilize after learning – in a manner that improves the predictive validity of dmPFC activity dynamics for deciphering variables related to behavioral conditioning. Our results characterize the complex dmPFC neuronal ensemble dynamics that relay learning-dependent signals for prediction of reward availability and initiation of conditioned reward seeking.


Preface Nature, Marital Unity, & Contract in Modern Political Thought Locke & the Invention of the Modern Family Rousseau & the Romance of Family Life Hegel's Modern Marital Unity: More Than a Contract, Less Than a Sacrament In Hegel's Shadow: French Sociologists & Positivist Defences of the Family The City & the Soul Mate: Mill's Late Liberal Vision Marx, Engels, & the Abolition of the Family Freud, Russell, & the Liberated Family Feminism & the Family Positivism Supplemented: Anatomy, Evolution, & the Family A Second Sailing?: Recovering Marital Unity & the Purposes of the Family What Is to Be Thought?: Tensions & Lessons Index.


Similarities and differences between Canadian and US labour relations systems are explored. In the US, employers have, with government indulgence, retreated from their commitment to collective bargaining, whereas Canadian employers, under government pressure, have generally continued to respect theirs. The reasons for the divergence in systems are examined.


Measurements of water flux, solute flux, and electrochemical potential were made simultaneously in a membrane transport system designed for the studies in anomalous osmosis and thermoosmosis using a series of cations with a common anion. The cation exchange membrane employed was dimensionally stable. The anomalous osmosis appeared to be composed of two components, the normal osmosis and a facilitated osmosis; whereas the thermoosmosis was composed solely of a facilitated component. The anomalous water flux did not correlate with the solute flux or the electro-chemical potential. Anomalous osmosis depended strongly upon the cation species.


GFI1B is a transcription factor important for erythropoiesis and megakaryocyte development, but previously unknown to be associated with human disease. We have identified a family with an autosomal dominant bleeding disorder associated with thrombocytopenia, red cell anisopoikilocytosis and platelet dysfunction. The severity of bleeding is variable with some affected individuals experiencing spontaneous bleeding while other family members only exhibit abnormal bleeding with surgery. All affected individuals had a moderate thrombocytopenia ranging from 72-149 x109/L with an elevated mean platelet volume. Platelet function was perturbed with prolonged collagen/epinephrine closure times on the PFA-100 (294 vs 125 sec, P <0.001). Platelet aggregation studies were abnormal, with an absent collagen response and primary aggregation only with ADP, arachidonic acid and adrenaline. Genetic linkage analysis and massively parallel sequencing were performed on 16 family members to localize the mutation causing the disease phenotype to chromosome 9. A single nucleotide insertion was identified in GFI1B that predicts a frameshift mutation in the fifth zinc finger DNA-binding domain. This mutation alters the transcriptional activity of the protein as determined by luciferase production from the TGFBR3 and GFI1B promoters. Aberrant transcriptional activity was associated with a marked reduction in platelet alpha-granule content as measured by electron microscopy (1.3 vs 3.1 alpha-granules per 1µm2, P <0.001) with similar changes in platelet protein expression. Proteomic analysis of platelet lysates demonstrated altered levels of cytoskeletal proteins, including talin, vinculin and myosin light chain 6. GFI1B mutation represents a novel human bleeding disorder and the described phenotype identifies GFI1B as a critical regulator of platelet number and function.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Several work should be done for the equity operation of conversion from liability for assets management companies: to take active part in the management of enterprises of equity conversion from liability; to establish scientific employment mechanism, seeking the support of local government and putting intermediary institutions into full play; to build incentive and restraint mechanism; to make scientific classification, reasonable planning and equity disposal.


The relation between T1H values of PVA/montmorillonite-clay nanocomposites and an iron content in a few different kinds of montmorillonite clays is examined. The T1H values for PVA in the PVA/montm...


When Shi Tao was five years old,his father Zhu Hengjia,king of Jingjiang said in Guilin that the supervise of state had been killed and whole family of Shi Tao had been exterminated as well,Shi Tao was rescued by an eunuch,after that,he became Buddhist in Bao En Guang Xiao temple(Xiangshan temple) in Quanzhou,Guangxi province.Later then,he hid and became the guest in Bingjing temple(Shuijing temple) to avoid the war.He started to study orchids painting at the age of 14 in Xiangshan Temple.He drew "stone Orchid" on the stone of Feilai in Xiangshan Temple when he was 16-year-old.He wandered along the Xiangjiang River with his senior fellow He tao and had not returned at all.


Results of a study of the physical properties of molten boron oxide and binary alkali, alkaline earth. amd rare earth borates with special emphasis on rubidium and cesium borates are presented. Rubidium and cesium borates were found to exhibit the same type of boron anomaly as was reported by previous authors in case of other alkali borates. From the breaks, as observed in the case of viscosity and density measurements, and substantiated in part by electrical resistivity and to a certain extent surface tension measurements, it was inferred that definite changes in structural configuration are taking place under those conditions. Density determinations of the rare earth borates point to the fact that necdymium and yttrium act as glass network formers. The rare earth oxides, so far studied, were found to lower the viscosity of the parent boron oxide glass at temperatures lower than 620 tained C. An inversion point was found at 620 to 670 tained C, above which all the rare earth oxides increase the viscosity of the base glass. (auth)


The invention provides a method for testing electro-magnetic compatibility of an automotive CAN (controller area network) bus based on semi-physical simulation, belonging to the technical field of design and development of electro-magnetic compatibility of an automobile. The method comprises the following steps: step 1. building an automotive empty shell table frame of which the full size is 1:1 according to the actual situation of the electro-magnetic compatibility of the automobile; step 2. simulating and injecting the interference signals; step 3. monitoring the response of the automotive CAN bus on the interference signals; step 4. estimating the EMC (electro-magnetic compatibility) property of the CAN bus by using an estimating system; and step 5. observing the electro-magnetic compatibility of the automotive CAN bus in real time. With the adoption of the method, the shortcoming of the traditional method for testing the electro-magnetic compatibility of the automotive CAN bus is made up. Based on a forecasting platform of the semi-physical simulation of the electro-magnetic compatibility, research staff can implement the electro-magnetic compatibility design at various development stages such as the scheme formulating, sample manufacturing, sample testing, and testing of the system, so that the problems that the traditional electro-magnetic compatibility design is not complete and the electro-magnetic compatibility rectification has no effect can be solved.


Nobuyoshi SHIKANAI (HOKK へ[Do UNIVERs[Tl, OF EDUCA・[loN ) New approaches to teaching should be developed in the context of the history of education . By integrating advances in psychology and other related fields with approaches used in the past, new approaches can be developed. The present author utilized this process to develop several Ilew teaching approaches . In the present paper ,(a )3creative approaches to reading that were developed by the present author are described,(b)it is proposed that ' sigh ゼ instruction should be included in language arts education , and (c)a new Storyboard Writing approach that incorporates development in psychol 。gy and other related fields and which utilizes sight is proposed. Storyboard Writing is an approach to teaching in which studerlts base their writing on pictures that they have seen . It was origina 里1y used in teaching language arts in China. PhQtographs are a form of visual text. In language arts classes , it is imp (,rtant that students be taught to read not only written texts, but also visuabnes , Children should be helped to develop the visual literacy necessary for their daiIy Iives.


Mobile ad-hoc network is a group of two or more devices or nodes with the capability of communication and networking. It is an infrastructure less network. Such network may operate by them or may be connected to a larger internet. Due to its mobility and self-routing capability nature, there are many weaknesses in its security. The security of the network from various attacks is an important issue in MANET application now days. Due to the dynamically changing topology, open environment and lack of centralized security infrastructure, a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is vulnerable to many attacks. One of them is flooding attack whose aim is to drain off limited resources of MANET node by continuously sending Route Request control Packet, false route information or fake data packets. The main goal of our approach is to provide resource aware node authentication framework to avoid flooding attack in MANET.


A procedure for the preparation of autoradiography of diffusible ions in plant tissues is described. Special procedures are necessary to support the tissue, and minimize redistribution of ions during the various stages of the preparation.


This study was designed to research effects of Taraxacum polysaccharides on immunological function in mice.A total 30 mice were divided into 2 groups randomly.The treatment lasted 10 d,and at 3 d the mice in treatment group were given 1 mL 1% Taraxacum polysaccharides aqueous solution by intragastric administration,the mice in control group were given physiological saline instead.In the end of this experiment,the spleen and thymus of mice were weighed for immune organ index and then collected for routine paraffin section.The results showed that Taraxacum polysaccharides significantly increased immune organ indexes and incited growth of immune organs.


Summary In this report, the effect of Morus nigra hydro alcoholic extract on the blood glucose level was evaluated in rats. After inducing diabetes via streptozotocin injection, the animals were orally received various concentrations of M. nigra extract (5, 10, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg) for one week. Three groups which received 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of extract were selected to continue for two months. Results showed that mulberry extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg (in short period) and 600 mg/kg (in long period) of the extract cause a significant decreasing in the blood glucose levels in the treated rats compared to control.


The church was built during the golden age of North German brick Gothic. Painted in 1430, the murals were whitewashed after the church came into Protestant hands, probably as early as the 16th century. The wall paintings were not exposed until 1982. Restoration work on this particular wall was not begun until 1983 and completed in 1986. They had been executed in the plaster-tempera technique in two to three layers, the figures having dark contours. After the whitewash was removed, the paintings revealed various states of preservation. The restoration team decided to reconstruct the paintings and sought a method that did justice to preserving this work of art as a historical document and preserving its artistic-aesthetic expression in keeping with its sacred subject matter. The buttress was restored in the tratteggio manner, a hatching retouching, not ideally suited to the character of the paintings; the forms seem stiff and inhibited. This technique presents special problems on a crumbling, rough, plaster surface. Ultimately, the team decided not to use tratteggio on damaged areas, but only on void sections, and to enhance the damaged paint layer with a watercolor glaze. This method permitted blending the forms, thus restoring the artistic appearance of the paintings, yet the original and restored surfaces can be easily distinguished from one another. The text discusses how and why decisions were made.


Internet Security is a major goal for both ISPs1 and their customers but security provisioning has a cost in terms of bandwidth consumption and cryptographic material computation. In a mobility context this security must be set up from scratch after each handover and for each customer. The context transfer mechanism provides an efficient way to re-establish security parameters. This mechanism aims to transfer suitable information between equipments in order to reduce handover time. The benefits for an operator would be to maintain the same security level during and after a handover while keeping costs as lower as possible. In this paper, we use context transfer in order to transfer the IPsec and IKE contexts related to a mobile node from a previous security gateway to a new one. The first purpose of this paper is to define the IKEv2 context and to provide a solution for handling SPIs2 collisions using MOBIKE. The second aim of this paper is to set out an implementation of the Context Transfer Protocol for IPsec/IKEv1 in an IPv6 mobility environment and to provide performance results of such an optimisation.


The question of energy sharing among complex engineering vibrating systems is still an open problem. On the basis of some recent investigations, this paper is addressed to the prediction of the long term equilibrium energies of interacting conservative resonators. More specifically, the goal would rely in a better understanding of the principle of energy equipartition, that still presents many questionable points. The analysis tries to explore both the field of linear as well as nonlinear vibrations, being the principle of equipartion obeyed in a different fashion in the two cases. Although the present work is a preliminary step in the analysis of this complex subject, some conclusions are stated and supported by the results of numerical experiments. THE PRINCIPLE OF ENERGY EQUIPARTITION The energy equipartion principle (EEP) was born in the context of Statistical Thermodynamics. In its simplest form the principle states that, in thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, a system of N particles with total energy E, exhibits a mean energy for each particle equal to N E / = ε . A complete meaning of this statement, implies the specification of the conditions under which it holds, and the analysis of


A locomotive-used rubber system self-adhesive composite damp material and the manufacture method thereof at least comprises a layer of self-adhesive damp material layer; one surface of the self-adhesive damp material layer is attached with a protection layer for protecting the self-adhesive damp material; the other surface of the self-adhesive damp material layer is attached with a layer of installation isolation paper. The damp material layer is a composite rubber material layer with the rubber dosage ranging from 50 to 100 measured by weight, liquid colophony dosage ranging from 100 to 300 and the flame retardant and other filling material dosage ranging from 100 to 300. The rubber can be butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber; the liquid colophony can be polybutylene liquid glue and butyronitrile liquid glue; the flame retardant is the normal flame retardant; the other inorganic filling material is isinglass powder, calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide; the protection layer is a flexible layer which can not be torn, made of the aluminium foil, glass fiber cloth, leatheroid or paper material. The installation isolation paper can be the paper layer which can be torn.


This paper involves arc length parameterization for parameer curves. Selecting some knots on the arc interval and utilizing C 2 continuous of the original parameter curve, a Hermite interpolation cubic spline is constructed to approximately the inverse arc function of the parameter curve. Interpolator is local. the resulting nearly arc length parameterized equation still represents the original curve and remains C 2 continuous preserveing. The nearly arc length parameer curve.


The Yudofsky scale is considered to be one of the best scales for measuring aggressive behavior developed to date. One of the chief shortcomings of the scale, however, is appropriate methods for scoring it in ways that make the resulting scores well-suited for data analyses. The basic scoring problem with the Yudofsky scale is that the scale is Inherently discontinuous and non-linear; more specifically, it is a logical rather than classical psychometric scale. A varlety of alternative scoring procedures are explored and compared empirically for the Yudofsky scale through an assault vignettes validation experiment conducted using a modified version of the scale. A simple approximation to C. E. Zeeman's swallowtail catastrophe theory model proved to be the best of all the procedures examined. The swallowtail scoring model produced Yudofsky scale scores that d.Lscriminated out control (verbal aggression only) from mild and severe assault vignettes with ratio level mean differences between the three vignette types as one would predict for these vignettes. The swallowtail scores were also logically coherent, directly interpretable, and psychometrically excellent. Catastrophe theory--a theory and mathematics of discontinuous and non-linear phenomena--was used effectively to score discontinuous and non-linear logical scales. Two tables are included, 13 references are attached, and the overt aggression scale is appended. (Author/TJH) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. k U S OEPAITTMENT Of EDUCATION Otoce of Educahonel Research end Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURLES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) IX. document has been reproduced as recehred horn (he person ol organaahon oognahngl M(nor changes hve beeo made to .rndrOve raproduction Ouantv Pthnts 01 vie. Or openonssteled,nthosdoCu rnent do not necesswdy represent offic(al OERI Dositton or polICy "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TAY ES ertelf/a TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" Some Empirical Results of Using Nonlinear Scoring Procedures for Yudofsky's Overt Aggression Scale. James Carifio, University of Lowell Marilyn Lanza, Bedford Veteran's Hospital


Secularisation is first related to Christianity, which has complex relations both to the previous religions and to the secularised modernity. In the case of the traditional societies religion was involved in all the events of life, the adversity of nature being so strong that survival offered a spiritual meaning as well.This is why this process allows to be interpreted in many different ways -as emancipation of society, thus transcending the social standstills preserved with the help of the Church, or as a regress, the absence of meaning - an absence modernity is no more aware of - being a consequence of the abandonment of spirituality.


A good-quality impact evaluation is based on an analysis of the theory of change for the intervention. Analysis of different parts of this causal chain, and the underlying assumptions, necessarily requires use of a variety of research methods. The method should fit the question, not the other way round. The challenge is to genuinely mix these methods rather than conduct parallel studies. The analysis needs to be rooted in a good understanding of context, which may come from anthropology or political science and political economy. Qualitative information sheds light on factors behind programme placement and self-selection. A key contribution from other disciplines is a proper understanding of the nature and distribution of benefits, enabling an impact evaluation design that captures the full range of benefits and socially-mediated impact heterogeneity.


Female boat‐tailed grackles poisoned with 3‐chloro‐p‐toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) were analyzed by necropsy and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The necropsies identified the presence of a white precipitate in the pericardium, which had been previously reported as a characteristic of CPTH‐exposed birds. The GC‐MS method, which utilized deuterated CPTH as a surrogate, quantified CPTH residues in the breast tissue and gastrointestinal tract of CPTH‐exposed birds. Comparison of these techniques indicated that the GC‐MS method was more accurate for assessing CPTH poisoning in birds. Regression analyses of consumption versus residue data indicated that the sum of breast and gastrointestinal residues can be used as an estimator of CPTH exposure. Comparison of CPTH residues in grackles with toxicity data for a variety of scavenger and predator species provided risk quotients of less than 0.1. Analysis of these data suggests that secondary hazards associated with the use of CPTH as an avicide for the control of pest birds are minimal.


Professor Dharma P. Agrawal, our beloved friend, mentor, and Editor‐in‐Chief of Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, passed away on 15th February 2021 [...]


Dry seeds of ten cotton varieties were carried by the Shijian-8 satellite for space mutation treatment.The SP1 and SP2 offspring of cotton varieties were used to screen mutants and analyze DNA molecular polymorphism and investigate the agronomic traits.The aim was to study sensitivity of cotton varieties under space mutation.The results showed that seven susceptive varieties were confirmed and expressed high polymorphism and changed significantly on the agronomic traits.These results indicated that the outer space mutation would be an effective method to develop new cotton varieties.


The paper presents a tool that uses feed-forward neuralnetwork technologies for the objective quality assessment of MPEG-2 video. The system operates on a frame-byframe basis and yields continuous output, providing a realtime monitoring tool for displayed video quality. Features used for the estimation have been designed according to their assessed relevance to perceived quality.


Let $\Gamma$ be a Zariski dense discrete subgroup of a connected simple real algebraic group $G_1$. We discuss a rigidity problem for discrete faithful representations $\rho:\Gamma\to G_2$ and a surprising role played by higher rank conformal measures of the associated self-joining group. Our approach recovers rigidity theorems of Sullivan, Tukia and Yue, as well as applies to Anosov representations, including Hitchin representations. More precisely, for a given representation $\rho$ with a boundary map $f$ defined on the limit set $\Lambda$, we ask whether the extendability of $\rho$ to $G$ can be detected by the property that $f$ pushes forward some $\Gamma$-conformal measure class $[\nu_\Gamma]$ to a $\rho(\Gamma)$-conformal measure class $[\nu_{\rho(\Gamma)}]$. When $\Gamma$ is of divergence type in a rank one group or when $\rho$ arises from an Anosov representation, we give an affirmative answer by showing that if the self-joining $\Gamma_\rho=(\text{id} \times \rho)(\Gamma)$ is Zariski dense in $G_1\times G_2$, then the push-forward measures $(\text{id}\times f)_*\nu_\Gamma$ and $(f^{-1}\times \text{id})_*\nu_{\rho(\Gamma)}$, which are higher rank $\Gamma_\rho$-conformal measures, cannot be in the same measure class.


This paper deals with some aspects of the differential and integral calculus for the generalized Jacobian elliptic functions. They play an important role in some bifurcation problems involving the p-Laplacian. Differentiation formulas for a dozen members of the family of functions under discussion are obtained. Several formulas for the indefinite integrals of the generalized Jacobian elliptic functions are also derived.


This study aims to pilot the discourse learning assisted by mathematical bet line strategy to students' mathematical understanding reviewed by gender. The research used quasi experimental method and the subjects are the fourth grade students. Test experiment was used to collect data of mathematical understanding ability. As for the result, the average male students' and female students' mathematical understanding ability showed no difference after participating in discourse learning assisted by mathematical bet line strategy. It implies that male and female students have same mathematical understanding ability. We can see the difference in the arrangement strategy of question. Male students solved the question by picture or chart. In the other hand, female students solved the question by explain some words or find a pattern.


Abstract:William Wordsworth describes "spots of time" as all encounters with death. In each case, death is elided, with this absence becoming the nodal point for a complex emotional and perceptual experience that transforms the narrator; these intense moments also provide the key scenes for the two-part Prelude, revealing the epiphanic structure of the later versions. Joyce awarded the "highest palms" to Wordsworth, and as in the "spots of time," death is a central theme in Joyce's epiphanies: numbers 19, 20, 22, and 23 deal with the death of his brother Georgie, while 21, 34, and 37 are linked to May Joyce's death. Just as Wordsworth's "spots" structure The Prelude, I argue that the textual strategies Joyce employs in the epiphanies provide the earliest manifestation of the epiphanic methods that animate his mature work. For instance, a close analysis of epiphanies 19 and 34 demonstrates two key principles: the art of silence and cunning concealment, where the world and the word are founded on resonant lacunae, and the endlessly proliferating profusion of polysemous and polyphonic signifiers that animate Finnegans Wake. These techniques are both epiphanic, but in quite different ways: the first affirms certainty in the revelation of absence; the second manifests a continuously changing presence in the act of being created. They come to light in Joyce's epiphanies of death because death is the natural limit of experience, a conclusion that reveals the truth of our own mortality, opens onto the void beyond experience, and puts pressure on the finite present.


This systematic review sought to understand the individual characteristics of incarcerated youth within the major risk factor domains identified by the U.S. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). A comprehensive search of the literature from 1979 to 2013 identified 85 articles of individual-level risk characteristics that relate to mental health, personality, psychological factors, social/emotional-behavioral issues, cognitive-intellectual development, academic achievement, victimization history, and substance use. Understanding the characteristics that place youth at risk of incarceration is important in the development and implementation of effective educational interventions to prevent incarceration and rehabilitate incarcerated youth. Considerations regarding how educators can use a multi-tiered prevention system to deliver a continuum of academic and behavioral supports to target students' risk characteristics are discussed. In addition, future research is highlighted in response to the characteristics that place youth at risk of incarceration.


A novel wideband bandpass filter (BPF) using cross-shaped slotline is presented in this paper. It can achieve wideband response from 7.96 GHz to 12.18 GHz with three poles at 8.37 GHz, 9.95 GHz, 11.64 GHz and four zeros at 5.4 GHz, 5.76 GHz, 13.36 GHz and 14.07 GHz with slotline. Compared with terminated cross-shaped resonators (CSRs) with short circuit terminations, this CSR slotline filter is relax from via implantation with similar wideband response. And measured results show the filter has a good performance.


The axial thermal expansion coefficients of 2 samples of β-eucryptite were measured. At room temperature one sample showed an ordered distribution and the other a disordered distribution of the Al, Si, and Li atoms. The thermal expansion of the axes and the cell volume are explained in terms of a temperature-dependent dynamic disorder process of the Li atoms.


The objective of the workshop to provide a forum for discussion between researchers interested in logics of resources (from foundations to related calculi and applications) and researchers interested in languages and methods for specification of mobile, distributed, concurrent systems and their verification, including, but not limited to, the following topics: logics for resources (semantics, proof theory); process calculi, concurrency, resource-distribution; reasoning about programs and systems; extensions of logics, e.g. with modalities; languages of assertions, languages based on resource logics (query languages, pointers, trees, and graphs) and reasoning; theorem proving and model checking in resource logics (decision procedures, strategies, complexity results).


Objective: We designed to identify long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signatures that predicted the therapy outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via characterizing lncRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA network (LMCN). Methods: Hypergeometric test was used to detect the competing lncRNA-mRNA interactions, following by co-expression analysis for the competing lncRNA-mRNA interactions relying on pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). The PCC absolute value of one interaction was defined as the weight value of one edge. Using the weight value threshold of 0.6, we established a highly competitive LMCN. To analyze the network organization, we conducted degree distribution of LMCN. Moreover, to predict the function of significant lncRNAs, we implemented the pathway analysis for its mRNA neighbors in the LMCN. Finally, we employed Biclique algorithm to extract competing modules from the LMCN. Results: Relying on a weight value > 0.6, a high-competing LMCN was constructed, which covered 50 lncRNAs, 824 mRNAs, and 926 competing endogenous (ceRNA) interactions. Based on degrees > 40, a total of 7 hub genes were identified, including SNHG12, C1RL-AS1, TTTY15, MALAT1, TAPT1-AS1, LINC00476, and LINC00649. Remarkably, a hub lncRNA LINC00476 was involved in the signaling-associated pathways (phosphatidylinositol signaling system, Ras signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway). Overall, we extracted 1 synergistic, competitive module containing 30 nodes. Significantly, one lncRNA LINC00476 in the LMCN was also the hub within the module. Conclusion: Our exploratory study indicates that the obtained lncRNA signatures provide novel information to better understand the mechanisms of action of anti-TNF treatment in RA patients.


Lung, liver, kidney and heart pathology of dogs, monkeys, rats and mice exposed for 2 to 13 weeks to pure oxygen atmosphere at reduced pressure


(R)‐Ketamine (arketamine) may have utility as a rapidly acting antidepressant. While (R)‐ketamine has lower potency than (R,S)‐ketamine to inhibit NMDA receptors in vitro, the extent to which (R)‐ketamine shares the NMDA receptor‐mediated adverse effects of (R,S)‐ketamine in vivo has not been fully characterised. Furthermore, (R)‐ketamine is metabolised to (2R,6R)‐hydroxynorketamine (HNK), which may contribute to its antidepressant‐relevant actions.


DURING the past three years, in this country, the roentgen therapy of cancer has presented, from a clinical point of view, an increasingly involved problem. Out of it, there seems to be developing the fact that high voltage, heavily filtered roentgen radiation is not the cureall that some, at first, enthusiastically believed it to be, but that, when expertly used, it does afford one more weapon in the attack on a hopeless disease. The questions of clinical dosimetry, at first based on absolute physical constants, have become more confusing, especially since the biologic reactions to radiation are getting precedence over the physical in many investigations. The idea on which intensive radiation therapy is based is the old one long held by surgeons, that to extirpate all cancer is to cure all patients. In other words, to kill cancer-growth is the ideal of radiotherapy. Yet clinical experience from neither surgical nor radiological points of view has demonstrated the infallibility of such a theory. Up to the...


Previously described algorithms for mining α -helix-forming molecular recognition elements (MoREs, described in Oldfield et al . (2005) Biochemistry 44 (6) 1989–2000), known also as molecular recognition features (MoRFs, Mohan et al . (2006) J. Mol. Biol . 362 (5) 1043–1059), revealed that regions undergoing disorder-to-order transition are involved in many molecular recognition events and are crucial for protein-protein interactions. However, these algorithms were developed using training dataset of a limited size. Here we propose to improve the prediction algorithms by (1) including additional α -MoRF examples and their cross species homologues in the positive training set; (2) careful extracting monomer structure chains from PDB as the negative training set; (3) including attributes from recently developed disorder predictors, secondary structure predictions, and amino acid indices as attributes; and (4) constructing neural network based predictors and performing validation. Over 50 regions which undergo disorder-to-order transition regions that were identified in PDB together with a set of corresponding cross species homologues of each structure-based example were included in new positive training set. Over 1500 attributes, including disorder predictions, secondary structure predictions and amino acid indices were evaluated by conditional probability method. The top attributes, including VSL2 and VL3 disorder predictions and several physicochemical propensities of amino acid residues, were used to develop the feed forward neural networks. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the resulting predictor, α -MoRF-PredII, were 0.87 ± 0.10, 0.87 ± 0.11, and 0.87 ± 0.08 over 10-cross validation, respectively. We present the results of these analyses and validation examples to discuss the potential improvement of the α -MoRF-PredII prediction accuracy.


Automotive audio ECUs have been connected by either individual analog cables or existing digital bus architectures - both of which present limitations, inefficiencies, and unnecessary expenses. Car audio systems that use analog wiring require dedicated, expensive, shielded cables for each audio signal or channel. The Automotive Audio Bus (or A2B) is an innovative and application tuned technology that is proven to reduce the weight of cable harnesses by up to 75% while delivering high fidelity digital audio


Climate change is closely related to people's lives, which was brought to the forefront,especially in recent years growing haze weather has threaten to people's health seriously, Climate communication media play an important role In the practice of the response to climate change,. This article will illustrate how to deal with the haze weather of Xinjiang through the comparative study with Beijing from role definition and interactive relationship among government, the media, and the public, in order to indicate directions for reference to climate change of Xinjiang.


This paper presents a complete collection of the investigations which have been carried out by our group on thl+effe5$s of X-irradi~tion in alkali halide single crystals doped with Eu , Pb , Ca2+ and Sr + ions. They were performed in arder to get a better understanding of thp secondary mechanism for the F-center production in these type of crystals. In particular, these studies ha ve gathered enough experimental evidence to show that the Me2+ cation vacancy dipoles act as the dominant traps for the radiation induced halogen interstitial defects. Also, it was clearly established that the X-irradiation increases considerably the rate of aggregation of dipoles.


Precision agriculture requires irrigation supported by an accurate knowledge of the crop water requirements. In this paper, a novel approach for drip irrigation scheduling of fruit trees is presented based on the results obtained during a full growing season in an early-maturing nectarine orchard growing in a clay loam soil in a Mediterranean environment. Real-time water content was monitored in the soil profile of the main root exploration zone by means of capacitance probes; in addition, plant water status (midday stem water potential and leaf gas exchange) and canopy development were frequently measured throughout the vegetative cycle. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) values, taken from a nearby automatic meteorological station, and the measured irrigation values allowed the determination of the irrigation factors once irrigation drainage during the season was assumed to be negligible and plant water status was proved to be adequate. The proposed irrigation factors offer a hands-on approach as an easy tool for irrigation management based on suitable soil water deficits, allowing the water requirements of nectarine trees under precision irrigation to be determined in semi-arid agrosystems where water resources are limited.


ABSTRACT This paper is devoted to the finite-time stability analysis of neutral-type neural networks with random time-varying delays. The randomly time-varying delays are characterised by Bernoulli stochastic variable. This result can be extended to analysis and design for neutral-type neural networks with random time-varying delays. On the basis of this paper, we constructed suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional together and established a set of sufficient linear matrix inequalities approach to guarantee the finite-time stability of the system concerned. By employing the Jensen's inequality, free-weighting matrix method and Wirtinger's double integral inequality, the proposed conditions are derived and two numerical examples are addressed for the effectiveness of the developed techniques.


An infinite viscoelastic body with a cyclindrical cavity subjected to cyclic internal pressure is considered. A quasi‐steady state of wave motion with the stress strain effectively periodic is assumed. A show change in amplitude occurs as a result of the slow rise in temperature due to the continuous dissipation of mechanical energy into heat energy. The material properties of the medium are temperature dependent and hence the shape and speed of wave vary with time. Close‐form solutions for the wave motions as well as the energy dissipation are obtained by using the WKB approximation. The temperature rise is calculated from a nonlinear heat equation by means of finite‐difference methods. This paper presents both the stress components and temperature distributions at different times for various frequencies.


The grey system theory is applied to the data source heat pump systems analysis and forecast.With comparative analysis of the test results,the feasibility of using the grey GM(1,1) in predicting the ground-source heat pump systems is confirmed.


This research work encompasses the potentials of Itakpe Iron concentrate for Magnetorheological behavior under the effect of a liquid soap as surfactant. The concentrate was first ball milled to size reduce it then subjected to magnetic strength from a locally made electromagnet, with the iron concentrate in-situ the magnetic fluid. Magnetic fluid potential increased as iron concentrate increased in the fluid but viscosity of the fluids was affected by increased surfactant concentration. These positive signs of magneto-rheology under low magnetic influence puts Itakpe Iron concentrate a candidate material for magnetic fluid potential and application in automobile shock absorbers, brakes etc. GJRE-C Classification: FOR Code: 290699p InvestigationintotheEffectsofSurfactantonItakpeIronConcentrateMagneticFluids Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of:


Automatic parallelization of recursive programs is still an open problem today, lacking suitable and precise static analyses. We present a novel reaching definition framework based on context-free transductions. The technique achieves a global and precise description of the data flow and discovers important semantic properties of programs. Taking the example of a real-world non-derecursivable program, we show the need for a reaching definition analysis able to handle run-time instances of statements separately. A running example sketches our parallelization scheme, and presents our reaching definition analysis. Future fruitful research, at the crossroad of program analysis and formal language theory, is also hinted at.


Banana is the largest grown fruit crop in India. Introduction of tissue culture techniques in banana cultivation has further enhanced its production. The fruit has a very short post-harvest shelf life because of its highly perishable nature. Unlike the developed countries, in India the development of commodities of consumer interest by value addition of fruits is less than 2 % of the annual agricultural produce. Short shelf life and increased production necessitates development of nonconventional products from banana. This laboratory has developed a bench level technology for extracting almost 60 – 70 % of the total soluble materials of banana in the form of its juice and the left over pulp can be dried into a fine powder.


Foreign language teachers, like all teachers, design their courses by first investigating and paying attention to their learners' special needs. In this paper, a needs analysis survey is presented. This took place in a class of adult graduates from Greek Merchant Marine Academies. Learners are all naval engineers who participate in a postgraduate course with the purpose to upgrade their professional diploma. The course subject includes both general English and English for Specific Purposes—English related to vessel engine operation, service and maintenance. The learner needs analysis is done with the help of a questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of six parts. These examine the learner beliefs concerning the reasons for learning the English language, their language proficiency in English as well as reasons that they might have dropped out of language learning courses in the past. The questions asked are closed questions, checklists, rating scales and open questions. Results show that learners prefer learning English, because they view it as useful in their work. In fact, they need to be able to read and comprehend engine operation manuals and compose written forms required by them. Concerning teaching methods, learners are found to prefer group work activities. They also find the textbooks series studies in the Marine Academy as useful. Still, they propose teaching material modification which includes more group activities and technical vocabulary practice tasks.


Five distinguished co-moderators, familiar with the issues and topics of concern to Human Factors consultants, will help get the discussion started and address issues of special interest to each. The co-moderators and issues are: Dr. Robert J. Cunitz President Consumer Usage Lab Rockville, MD Professional Ethics & Guidelines Mr. George A. Peters Attorney at Law Santa Monica, CA Professional Qualifications, HF Legal Aspects, Litigation Data Requirements Mr. John H. Holly Owner John Holly & Company Hawthorne, CA Practice Management, Marketing, Public Relations Dr. William D. Bliss President Human Factors, Inc. Oregon, WI HF Data Sources, R & A Techniques, Information Dissemination Professor Earl L. Wiener Prof. Mgmt. Science & Indus. Engineering Coral Gables, FL Consequences of HF Growth, "Forensic" vs. "Real" Consulting


We study arithmetics of all commutative rings with identity via completions of square matrices, stable range considerations, and units and projective modules interpretations. At the core of this work is the class C2 (resp. SC2) of commutative rings R with the property that a 2x2 matrix with entries in R can be completed to an invertible 3x3 matrix (resp. to an invertible 3x3 matrix whose (3,3) entry is 0) iff its entries generate R. These two classes of rings contain all semilocal rings, are global in nature, and impact many other classes of rings. For instance, we present several necessary and sufficient conditions (criteria) for a Hermitian ring to belong to the C2 (or SC2) class, one of these being an elementary divisor ring. Implicitly, we reobtain (often refine) known criteria and obtain new criteria for a Hermite ring to be an elementary divisor ring. Similarly, a noetherian domain of dimension 1 belongs to the C2 (or SC2) class iff it is a principal ideal domain. We use these criteria to show that: (i) each Bezout ring R that is either a J(2,1) domain or is an (SU)2 ring (as introduced by Lorenzini) with the property that for each nonzero a of R there exists no non-trivial self-dual projective R/Ra-module of rank 1 generated by 2 elements (e.g., with the property that all its elements are squares), is an elementary divisor domain, thus solving or partially solving problems raised by Lorenzini, and (ii) to obtain new proofs of McGovern's theorem that each Hermite ring that has almost stable range 1 is an elementary divisor ring. We show that a ring R belongs to the SC2 (or C2) class iff the ring R[[x]] belongs to it. We also provide examples of regular finitely generated Z-algebras, such as polynomials in at least one indeterminate over Z, which do not belong to the C2 class. Many other classes of rings are introduced and studied.


TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master's Degree Programme in Electrical Engineering Mäkelä Pekka: New business and process development opportunities in meter data management system Master of Science Thesis, 78 pages, 5 Appendix pages March 2011 Examiner: Professor Pertti Järventausta


Six traditional behavioural tests were done to evaluate the impact of inanimate enrichment on group housed  animals. The study was performed in three parts to prevent the animals' previous experience influencing the  behavioural tests. Three traditional housing environments with increasing levels of standardized inanimate  enrichment were evaluated with regard to the effect on activity, fear, learning and memory abilities in  socially housed rats.  The basic activity level of the animals was assessed using the open-field test. This test was combined  with an amphetamine challenge test. The level of anxiety was evaluated by use of the elevated plus maze  test. Secondly, a Morris water maze study was done to assess spatial learning abilities. Thirdly, two more  complex learning ability tests were performed, namely the water Y-maze and the conditioned avoidance  task.  The different housing conditions did not influence the level of activity, the level of anxiety or the response  to amphetamine. Neither did the differences in housing conditions influence the learning abilities of the  animals in the Morris water maze or the Y-maze. However, in the conditioned avoidance task, rats housed  in the extra-enriched environment demonstrated significantly fewer avoidances than rats housed under nonenriched  conditions.Â


The molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease and the cause of the selective dopaminergic neuronal loss are mostly unknown. Many pathogenetic factors have been found to play a role but the relationships among these factors, together with the reasons of the high vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to them, have not been completely defined. Only a small fraction of Parkinson's disease cases have a defined etiology: this fraction include the monogenic hereditary variants of the disease and the sporadic cases determined by prolonged exposition to toxic agents inhibiting mitochondrial complex I, such as 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-5 bipyridinium (paraquat), rotenone and 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Parkinson's disease-related toxins and pathogenetic mutations have been indispensable to create cell and animal models with the aim to clarify the molecular physiopathology of the disease. Little is known about the primitive causes of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, that probably represents a multi-factorial disease influenced by various genetic and environmental factors, all characterized by high incidence in general population. The different risk factors together would contribute to initiate the complex pathogenetic sequence of events leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons. Recently, Parkinson's disease has been placed in the large category of neurodegenerative diseases caused by protein misfolding. In particular, alpha-synuclein has been proposed as the central and most specific factor implied in the pathogenesis of this syndrome, which, as a consequence, has been classified among synucleinopathies, together with dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, other neurodegenerative diseases having alphasynuclein pathology as a major feature. Aim of this chapter is to provide an organic revision of evidences for the involvement of alpha-synuclein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. We will define the mechanisms responsible for the toxic gain of function of ┙-synuclein and the processes triggered by aberrant alpha-synuclein and mediating its neurotoxic effect. Particular attention will be paid to establish the links that correlate the deleterious action of alpha-synuclein with oxidative stress and with the efficiency of the processes involved in the clearance of aberrant


NATM, or the New Austrian Tunnelling Method, is new theory and technique for underground engineering design and construction which has been applied in the past dozens of years. With NATM, the rock granular theory was radically overthrown and the self-bearing capacity of surrounding rock is fully taken into account This advanced theory and technique had been creatively applied in diversion tunnel design and construction of Baise Multipurpose Dam Project, for an underground work accommodated in soft rock, which is innovation and development for NATM.


The objective of the current study was to develop a simple, accurate, precise and rapid RP-HPLC method with subsequently validate as per ICH guidelines for the determination of Alogliptin benzoate (ALO) and Metformin hydrochloride (MET) using mobile phase [mixture of Phosphate buffer- pH-3.6 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 65:35] as the solvent. The proposed method involves the measurement of Retention time at selected analytical wavelength. 235.0 nm was selected as the analytical wavelength. The retention time of ALO and MET was found to be 5.055 and 2.838 respectively. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 1-5 µg/ml (r = 0.9998) for ALO and 10-50µg/ml (r = 0.9999) for MET respectively. The method was statistically validated for its linearity, accuracy and precision. Both inter-day and intra-day variation was found to be showing less % RSD (Relative Standard Deviation) value indicating high grade of precision of the method.


Previous analytical studies demonstrated that low-density lightweight cellular concrete (LCC) subbase pavements can support up to twenty times more traffic loads than unbound granular subbase pavements while protecting the pavement subgrade from adverse freeze-thaw effects in cold regions. This study examines the possibility of providing better-performing pavements on the field, through the construction, instrumentation, and monitoring of flexible pavement sections incorporating three LCC densities (400, 475, and 600 kg/m³) as subbase compared to unbound granular material. The effects of daily and seasonal temperatures on pavement critical responses of stress and strains were evaluated. The findings showed that these LCC densities reduced Asphalt Concrete tensile strain by over two times compared to unbound granular pavements and that strain increased with daily temperature increase. Daily subgrade pressure (stress) change was reduced by up to 68%. The study concluded that longer life pavements could be achieved with LCC subbase thicknesses ≥ 250 mm.


The seasonal pcriodicity of periphyton growth in the Duwamish estuary (Washington) is compared with that of phytoplankton and lends support to a previous conclusion that hydrographic conditions determine the timing of phytoplankton blooms despite high conten trations of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus. Accumulation of periphyton on substrates increased in June and July to around 10 pg Chl a cm-' week-l and is related to incident light; conversely, phytoplankton blooms were delayed until August and September when hydrographic conditions were optimum for biomass accumulations of from 30-70 pug Chl a/liter. Maximum growth of pcriphytic and planktonic algae occurred at the same location in the estuary, This similarity in spatial distribution is not directly related to hydrographic conditions since the periphyton algae arc sessile and more resistant to washout. The water in this section of the estuary presumably contained a more adequate supply of one or more limiting nutrients than water from adjacent locations.


The Rural Income Maintenance Experiment (RIME) was the second of four major experiments to test the behavioral consequences of a universal income-conditioned cash transfer program. It followed closely its predecessor, the New Jersey Income Maintenance Experiment, in objectives and design. Of the four experiments, it is the only one focusing on the rural sector (farmers and those in towns with population less than 2,500). This paper describes the setting that spawned experimentation with a universal income-conditioned transfer program (commonly referred to as the negative income tax), gives the rationale for the RIME, and sets forth its objectives and basic design.


Programmers often need to backtrack while coding, yet there is only limited support for backtracking in modern programming tools. Our study results confirmed the prevalence of backtracking and identified several problems programmers face while backtracking. To mitigate these problems, we are building an IDE plug-in aimed at providing better support for backtracking by combining a selective undo mechanism, novel visualizations, and code change history search features. We envision that this approach will help programmers perform backtracking tasks more easily.


In the temperature range from 293 K to 1273 K and the inlet gas velocity at 20 m/s, the flow field in a volute cyclone separator with 300 mm diameter has been numerically simulated using a modified non-isotropy RSM model on the platform of commercial CFD software package, FLUENT 6.1. The predicted results are in agreement with the experimental data. The computational results show that temperature increase affects gas velocity vector much, especially tangential component. The temperature increase results in the tangential velocity decrease. This tendency, however, becomes smooth when the temperature is above 1000 K. The correlation between tangential velocity and temperature is expressed as -V t / Vt 0=k λH /D . The influence of temperature on the axial velocity can contribute to the change of rotation intensity of the tangential velocity. The downward axial velocities decrease when the rotation intensity becomes small at high temperatures, but the upward ones increase a little. The increase of temperature affects the separation performance of cyclone separator by changing the gas viscosity and tangential velocity. When temperature is to 1273 K, the increase of gas viscosity increases the cut-size diameter 1.58 times and the decrease of gas tangential velocity increases the cut-size diameter 1.23 times. The effect of gas tangential velocity on the separation performance of cyclone is approximately equal to the effect of gas viscosity.


To guarantee stable operation and power quality in the turbine units of a hydropower station,an exact mathematical model was built for a long-distance water diversion-type hydropower station with parallel surge chambers. The dynamic characteristics of the hydro-mechanical system were comprehensively simulated,and stability analysis of small fluctuations in the system was conducted. Based on the rigid model and elastic model for the pipe flow,analysis models were established to describe the dynamic characteristics of the hydro-mechanical system. Combined with numerical analysis of both frequency and the time domain,the effects of different layouts of the water diversion system and elastic models with different orders for the pipe flow on the system's stability analysis were investigated. An example shows that,instead of the commonly used rigid model,which has application limitations,a three-order or higher-order elastic model should be used for the pipe flow at the longdistance water diversion-type hydropower station to fully demonstrate the system's vibration characteristics and stability performance.


© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited. Cost-effectiveness analysis of lemborexant for treating insomnia in Japan: A model-based projection, incorporating the risk of falls, motor vehicle collisions, and workplace accidents – CORRIGENDUM


In this paper,a diagnostic analysis and numerical simulation test using the new generation of mesoscale model of America(Weather Research Forecast Model,WRF) were conducted to research the course of the tornado occurring in Liaoning Province on June 10,2005.The results of diagnosis show that the cooperation of strong convergence in low level and divergence in upper air reached the great prosperous period and offered sufficient condition for strong convection.At the same time,the unstable stratification attributed to the dry,cold top and warm,wet underpart and convergence of vapor flux in low level provided persistent energy and ample vapor condition.The numerical simulation results show that WRF could successfully imaged this tornado course and the resultes accorded with the diagnosis.In the simulative results,the unstable energy and ascending air in west of Liaoning Province assorted from the morning on June 10th and reached the peak value at 14:00-15:00,then led the tornado at 16:00.Besides,the strong convection and small incidence existed in either the results of diagnosis or simulation accord with the character of tornado,a microscale system with strong convection.


tratcgi uppl hain management has emerged as a key area of studies in the recent past. 'lin.· hain ha · been identified as a strategic competency of the organization ts it ha · n rm u potential to contribute value to the different stakeholders. Supply chain ha e moved from a cost focus to a customer focus and currently shifted to a trategic focus. thus the need to think strategically about the supply chain has never been more critical. Strategy implementation entails working through others, organizing, motivating, culture building and creating strong links between strategy and how the organization operates. Strategy implementation can pose a number of challenges. The objective of this study was to determine the i~plementation challenges of LPG supply chain strategies. The LPG supply chain in consists of operators, regulators, main contractors, suppliers, KPC, KPRL, ERC and the various LPG distributors. The study has been presented through five chapters through which the researcher has discussed the above issues. Respondents were selected from of each of the companies selected for the research. Questionnaires were administered to the respondents and analyzed through descriptive statistics and content analysis. The study established that only a small percent of formulated C are actually fully implemented. The implication of the study to policy maker ~ is that implementation challenge can be avoided. Th finding " ill a\ o form the ba i for further re earch and should be under ·t od and ~ aluatcd in th light f the limitation of the tudy. R c mmcndation on h w LP ark tcr. can sue cs ful nd omp titiv tdv nta, .


OBJECTIVE
Realizing wireless communication based on handset devices for medical staff; providing an instant messaging method.

METHODS
Constructing a set of communication protocols and standards; developing software both on server and client.

RESULTS
Building an instant messaging system which follows the customized specification; based on Android the client provides functions like address book, message, voice service etc.

CONCLUSION
As an independent module of the mobile medical terminal, the system can provide convenient communication for medical service with other mobile business.


Users of financial statements always rely on the results of audits conducted by competent andindependent auditors because the audits are carried out through quality processes and efforts. Competent and independent auditors are needed to obtain quality audit results. Because most modern information systems use information technology, the information technology audits become an important component in all external and internal audits. This study aims to examine the effect of auditor's competence and auditor's independence on the information systems audit quality. The research sample used in this study is external auditors working in public accounting firms in West Java. The statistical test instrument used is a multiple regression test. The results show that the auditor's competence has an effect on information systems audit quality, while the auditor's independence has no effect on information systems audit quality.


This paper introduces a special issue that critically examines the dominant technocratic, neoliberal agenda for agricultural development and hunger alleviation in Africa. We briefly review the history of African agricultural and food security policy in the post-colonial period in order to contextualise the productionist approach embedded in the New Green Revolution for Africa, a strategy comprising the use of hybrid seeds, fertilisers, and pesticides to boost crop production. This approach is underpinned by a new and unprecedented level of public–private partnerships as donors actively work to promote the private sector and build links between African farmers, input suppliers, agro-dealers, agro-processors, and retailers. On the consumer end, increased supermarket penetration into poorer neighbourhoods is proffered as a solution to urban food insecurity. The papers in the special issue complicate understandings of this new approach and raise serious questions about its effectiveness as a strategy for increasing food production and alleviating hunger across the continent.


Objective To systematically review the clinical effectiveness of continuous lumbar drainage for CSF leakage. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, The Cochrane Library(Issue 1, 2014), EMbase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data from January 1994 to January 2014 for randomized or non-randomized controlled trials on the comparison between lumbar drainage and conventional treatment in the effectiveness of CSF leakage treatment. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0 software. Results Seven non-randomized controlled trials were finally included, involving 465 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with conventional treatment, lumbar drainage was better in effectiveness(RR=3.78, 95%CI 1.91 to 7.50, P=0.000 1), CNS infection rates(RR=0.48, 95%CI 0.24 to 0.95, P=0.04), and hospital stay(MD= –6.66, 95%CI –10.09 to –3.23, P=0.000 1). However, no significant difference was found in the incidence of headache caused by hypotensive cranial pressure(RR=1.32, 95%CI 0.65 to 2.69, P=0.45). Conclusion Current evidence suggests that continuous lumbar drainage is superior to conventional treatment in total effectiveness rates, prevention of CNS infection and in reducing hospital stay, which is an effective treatment intervention of CSF leakage. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusion still needs to be verified by carrying out more high-quality studies.


For Laplace's equation, we discuss whether it is possible to construct a linear positive finite volume (FV) scheme on arbitrary unstructured grids. Dealing with the arbitrary grids, we state a control volume which guarantees a positive FV scheme with linear reconstruction of the solution. The control volume is defined by a property of the analytical solution to the equation and does not depend on the grid geometry. For those problems where the choice of the control volume is prescribed a priori, we demonstrate how to improve positivity of the linear FV scheme by using corrected reconstruction stencils. The difficulties arising when grids with no geometric restrictions are used for the discretization are discussed. Numerical examples illustrating the developed approach to the stencil correction are given.


OBJECTIVE
The systematic collection and use of race/ethnicity and language (REL) data by healthcare organizations has long been recognized as a critical step to reducing healthcare disparities locally and nationally. We seek to identify the challenges and opportunities in implementing community-level interventions to collect REL data for detecting and reducing disparities in care in the 14 multi-stakeholder communities participating in the Aligning Forces for Quality initiative.

STUDY DESIGN
This was a cross-sectional descriptive qualitative study.

METHODS
We conducted 1-hour, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with identified key informants during 2-day visits to each of the 14 communities in 2010, and supplemented this information with 2 rounds of semi-structured telephone interviews. Data were analyzed using a qualitative analysis software program, which assists with organizing and analyzing large quantities of interview data through creation of analytic units. We used deductive and inductive qualitative methods to analyze the data.

RESULTS
Communities found it challenging to implement a community-level intervention to collect standardized REL data because addressing disparities is complex, the utility of having individual healthcare organizations collect these data is difficult to communicate, and perceptions of disparities in the community vary across stakeholders. Opportunities include working with credible "early adopters" in the community and leveraging federal or state mandates to encourage providers to collect this information.

CONCLUSIONS
Community-level efforts to collect REL data require securing buy-in from organizational leadership, developing a dialogue across the community, and generating awareness across key players about disparities-reduction efforts, especially REL data collection, without alienating patients, communities, and providers.


A triple-sensor multiplexed fiber-optic displacement sensor is reported, which is based on optical frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interference and frequency-division multiplexing. The advantages include high accuracy (0.08 mum) and long dynamic range (1000 mum).


One of the most important developments in the Arab Middle East since the end of the second World War can be described as the emasculation of the Arab bourgeoisie. It has occurred in the most influential and advanced Arab countries, with the exception of the Lebanon, but not yet in those which are more bound by tradition. The development in Egypt was somewhat different from that in Iraq and in Syria, no doubt because of the special centralized characteristics and traditions of Egypt which strongly differentiate the Nile valley and delta from the other Arab countries of this region. In speaking of the collapse of the bourgeoisie we mean not only the fall from power of people belonging to a certain class but, coupled with it, the collapse of a particular political concept which could, with a little stretching, be described as liberal, and its replacement by one which claims to be 'socialist' or indeed 'scientifically socialist'. The countries where the liberal outlook became discredited turned away from Europe and America, the western world, and towards the communist countries, developing a growing interest in their ideology and their methods of organization, and seeking collaboration with them. Can we explain why the bourgeoisie, the exponent of liberal ideas, had to surrender its power and make way in the key Arab countries for a new ruling class, petty-bourgeois in origin but military in character and socialist in inclination ? What exactly was this bourgeoisie ? What were its weaknesses ? Why was it weak ? Under what portents did it fall from power ? These are some of the questions which spring to mind when we try to explain the change that has taken place. The development which is of interest to us has taken place in Syria, Iraq, and Egypt. It has not happened in the Lebanon, in Jordan, nor in Saudi Arabia; it was reversed in the Sudan, if it did


In former papers (1934, 1938 and I939) we have described-the changes m the bones of rachitic rats, with special reference to the epiphyseal artilage, both in the active phase of rickets and during healing of the disease. Tnasmuch as the osseous changes in these rats have been studied and descibed in considerable detail, it seems desirable to present our observations upon the growth pattern of these same rats, as it is modified during the development and healing of rickets, with special emphasis upon the growth of the bones. It is well known that experimental rachitogenic diets inhibit growth to varying extents. The observations recorded here give further information concerning growth as affected by the Steenbock-Black diet 2965, so widely used in experimental work. A significant feature of the present studies lies in the fact that we have traced the progress of rickets and the growth of the bones in individual rats by the use of frequent roentgenograms of the living rats.


A precision measurement of the η → γγ decay width via the Primakoff effect is underway in Hall D at Jefferson Lab. The decay width will be extracted from measured differential cross sections at forward angles on two light targets, liquid hydrogen and 4He, using a 11.5 GeV tagged photon beam. Results of this experiment will not only potentially resolve a long standing discrepancy between the Primakoff and the collider measurements, but will also reduce the experimental uncertainty by a factor of two on the average value of previous experimental results listed by the Particle Data Group(PDG) [1]. It will directly improve all other η partial decay widths which rely on the accuracy of the η radiative decay width. The projected 3% precision on the Γ(η → γγ) measurement will have a significant impact on the experimental determination of the fundamental parameters in QCD, such as the ratio of light quark masses (mu,md ,ms) and the η −η ′ mixing angle. It will be a sensitive probe for understanding QCD symmetries and the origin and the dynamics of QCD symmetry breaking.


Context: Bee products are frequently suggested as possible treatments for dermatological problems by protagonists of apitherapy, which is a discipline within the field of complementary and alternative medicine. Unfortunately, apitherapists do not support their health claims. This review was to identify potential uses of bee products in the field of dermatology. Evidence Acquisition: Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, case-control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on the topics were identified using various search engines. Results: Evidence suggests that bee products may be a reasonable treatment option for wound infections, burns, radiodermatitis, infections with herpes viruses, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, scars, cutaneous warts, acne, psoriasis, facial wrinkles, and intertrigo. Conclusions: There are several applications for bee products in the field of dermatology, for instance treatment of wound infections with honey and herpes infections with propolis.


Rare-earth element in human is determined using microwave digestion sample with ICP-MS. The experiment shows that the method detection limit is 0.003~0.046 ng/mL, relative standard difference is 0.51%~4.58%. the experiment also shows that this method is easy, quick and accurate.


Brain drain has long been one of the most common concerns developing countries have about migration, particularly for small countries where high-skilled emigration rates are highest. However, while economic theory suggests a number of possible benefits, in addition to costs, from skilled emigration, the evidence base on many of these is very limited and there are doubts about how the experiences of India and China apply to much smaller countries. This paper presents a survey methodology for measuring at the micro level direct evidence as to the channels through which high-skilled emigration affects the sending country, and demonstrates its feasibility for Tonga, which has one of the highest traditionally measured brain drain rates in the World. Our methodology consists of defining a well-identified target population whose emigration is of potential concern -the most academically talented individuals -and tracking them down wherever they are in the world for our survey. Doing this for Tonga we find very high levels of migration and return migration. There is strong evidence for positive impacts of migration on human capital formation, knowledge transfer, tourism, remittances, and repatriated savings.There is weak or no evidence for migration playing a significant role in trade, FDI, or through diaspora activities. On net we conclude the impact of highly skilled migration is therefore largely positive for Tonga, and that the methodology developed seems appropriate for looking more broadly at the impact of brain drain in small countries.