This article offers new evidence of Katherine Parr's activities as a translator by demonstrating that she translated two prayers from Erasmus's Precationes aliquot novæ in 1544. The first, "A Prayer for Men to Say Entering into Battle," appeared in all the editions of Parr's Psalms or Prayers; the second, "A Prayer for Forgiveness This article offers new evidence of Katherine Parr's activities as a translator by demonstrating that she translated two prayers from Erasmus's Precationes aliquot novæ in 1544. The first, "A Prayer for Men to Say Entering into Battle," appeared in all the editions of Parr's Psalms or Prayers ; the second, "A Prayer for Forgiveness of Sins," was included only in sextodecimo editions. These newly recovered translations have important implications for our understanding of Parr's involvement in Henry VIII's war effort and for the history of the dissemination of Erasmus's ideas in England. This study argues that Parr's translations provide new evidence that she collaborated with Thomas Cranmer and Henry VIII in producing wartime propaganda but also that Parr reframed, edited, and distorted Erasmus's prayers to promote Henry's wartime needs. This data has additional repercussions because Parr was also the sponsor of the translation of Erasmus's Paraphrases on the New Testament , a text that exhorted Henry and other princes to avoid war and embrace peace. Parr, then, was at the heart of two translation projects that were fundamentally at odds with one another, and her translations can be described as important interventions into Erasmus's legacy in England. Cet article présente des preuves inédites des activités de traduction de Katherine Parr, en lui attribuant la version anglaise (1544) de deux prières tirées des Precationes aliquot novae d'Érasme. La première, "A Prayer for Men to Say Entering into Battle", apparaît dans toutes les éditions des Psalms or Prayers de Parr; la seconde, "A Prayer for Forgiveness of Sins", ne se trouve que dans les éditions in-16o. La découverte ces traductions nous apporte des lumières importantes sur l'implication Parr dans l'effort elle nous renseigne aussi la circulation de la pensée érasmienne


Night, which is one of the important time periods of human life, is also a concept frequently used in divan poetry. For many people, the night is limited to sleep and rest; In poetry, it was handled together with different elements such as love, entertainment and wine, and it became an important concept used by the poet to reflect his feelings. For the lover who is groaning with the pain of love, this time period, which is not ending, is waiting for the entertainment lovers. The night, which creates fear and suffering for some people, gives the opportunity to realize their desires for some people. In our study, we will try to show how Nedim, who is fond of beauty and entertainment, uses the concepts related to the night in his poems; and how the concept of the night shapes the feelings of pleasure, desire, anxiety, anger and fear with in exemplary couplets.


 Abstract —The employment situation of graduates can directly reflect the quality of talent training and social recognition of the school. Based on the big data analysis method, learning a graduate employment evaluation model to predict and guide the employment of students in the school. This way not only will improve the employment success rate of graduates but also will improve the talent training ability of universities. This paper collects the employment information of graduates from a university in Beijing in the past three years. We use the Analytic Hierarchy Process to establish an employment evaluation model. more importantly, we learn the student ability distribution in an unsupervised manner, i.e., without a need of annotating records. The experiment shows this manner has some advantage in extreme ratings. In addition, we select fresh graduates who volunteer to participate in the experiment for verification. The college counselor establishes one-on-one employment guidance with students with low employability scores. The final results show that the method has achieved a good performance, and the employment rate of graduates participating in the experiment reaches 100%. Therefore, this method can provide an effective reference for the employment guidance and evaluation of the


It gives me great pleasure that so many distinguished colleagues, many of you old friends, have gathered here for a conference associated with my near-centennial, my reaching the age of fourscore years. It is a pleasure to see all of you and to listen to what you have to say.

I have been asked to make some remarks too, and I thought hard about what would be appropriate. The result was a decision not to present a paper on some of the research that I'm carrying out, but rather to mention a few of the things I have learned about doing research in theoretical science, things I wish someone had explained to me around 60 years ago.

The one I should like to emphasize particularly has to do with the frequently encountered need to go against certain received ideas. Sometimes these ideas are taken for granted all over the world and sometimes they prevail only in some broad region or in certain institutions. Often they have a negative character and they amount to prohibitions of thinking along certain lines. Now we know that most challenges to scientific orthodoxy are wrong and many are crank. Now and then, however, the only way to make progress is to defy one of those prohibitions that are uncritically accepted without good reason.


Concrete filled steel square and circular tubular columns are tested. Test is composed of two Series. In Series I, columns are subjected to concentric and eccentric axial force at both ends. In Series II, columns are cantilever columns, and subjected to alternating horizontal load under constant vertical load. As a main experimental parameter, buckling length section depth ratio of a column is selected. Strength and behavior are examined, and design methods for slender composite columns are investigated.


Current researches on nonparametric dual response surface methodology (NPDRSM) focus on impro- ving fitting performance,but lose sight of improving generalization performance of models.Thus NPDRSM does not work well for the quality optimization and robustness design under the constraints of real industrial proces- ses.A new NPRSM was presented,which collected data by using equal intervals space filling,and then fitted process response mean and variance models by support vector machines (SVM).Meanwhile,it optimized pa- rameters in SVM by comparing the upper bounds of generalized error of different SVM models.The experiments show that,with the same design of experiment,the average generalized error of SVM-based NPDRSM decreases by 31.0% compared with kernel based NPDRSM,and by 51.8% compared with artificial neural networks (ANN)-based NPDRSM;when the generalized errors are close,the average sample size of SVM-based NP- DRSM decreases by 35.0% compared with kernel-based NPDRSM,and by 48.6% compared with ANN-based NPDRSM.The generalization researches with different sampling manners show that the equal intervals space filling is an acceptable design method under the situations without prior knowledge about the processes.All of these results demonstrate the adaptability and superiority of the method proposed.


Abstract : Resistance experiments with Model Series 60, block coefficient (CB) = 0.60 have been carried out with the model free to trim and sink and with the model fixed at zero trim and sinkage. The measurements include wave profile along the hull, sinkage and trim, wave resistance, and total resistance. The difference in the measured values for the two experimental conditions is assessed and a comparison with calculated results is made. Discrepancies between the measured and the calculated values indicated that the linear potential-flow theory used for the calculations needs to be modified in order to predict the wave resistance, trim and sinkage, and wave profiles correctly. (Author)


Based on the variational equation derived in ref.[1]a nonlinear incremental F.E.equation is formulated for unilateral contact elastic and plastie large deformationproblems.A new technique-co-moving coordinate finite element method is introduced,and a practical mathematical model for large deformation contact problem is described.To show the effectiveness of the method,problems of contact large deformation ofcantilever beam.cireular plate,as well as metal ring are computed.Compared withexperiments.the results show good agreements.


Abstract:This article explores gender's relationship with white supremacy and respectability politics and the intersectional impact of the three on the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Black community from the 1980s to 2000. The demonization of gay white men and erasure of white women from the HIV/AIDS epidemic evidenced that white supremacy does not distribute its privilege equally. Through a juxtaposition of my interview with HIV/AIDS advocate Ruselle Miller-Hill, a formerly incarcerated Black woman living with AIDS, and well-known AIDS activist and survivor Rae Lewis-Thornton, I examine the impact of internal gendered respectability politics in the Black community. The article also examines how these respectability politics painted Black women as the victims of duplicitous bisexual Black men to protect the former's respectability at the expense of their sexual autonomy.


Abstract The purpose of writing this paper is to describe the making of comic library services in the Tanah Datar District Library and Library Office. Writing this paper using descriptive research methods. Data was collected based on interviews with 2 librarians by interacting directly with humans at the place of study. The study was conducted at the Tanah Datar District Public Library on October 21, 2019.Based on the previous discussion it can be concluded that the comic service at the Tanah Datar District Library and Archives Service can provide several benefits including: (1) can provide information to visitors about library services; (2) the librarian's assistant in giving and providing information in the library. The steps for making comic services in the Tanah Datar District Library and Archives Service are as follows: (1) preparing tools and materials; (2) determine ideas or ideas; (3) determine the theme or genre; (4) determining figures or figures; (5) making a story script; (6) explains the stages of making comics.Keywords: comics, services, library


New sediment core data from a unique slow-sedimentation rate site in Lake Tanganyika contain a much longer and continuous record of limnological response to climate change than have been previously observed in equatorial regions of central Africa. The new core site was first located through an extensive seismic reflection survey over the Kavala Island Ridge (KIR), a sedimented basement high that separates the Kigoma and Kalemie Basins in Lake Tanganyika.Proxy analyses of paleoclimate response carried out on core T97-52V include paleomagnetic and index properties, TOC and isotopic analyses of organic carbon, and diatom and biogenic silica analyses. A robust age model based on 11 radiocarbon (AMS) dates indicates a linear, continuous sedimentation rate nearly an order of magni-tude slower here compared to other core sites around the lake. This age model indicates continuous sedimentation over the past 79 k yr, and a basal age in excess of 100 k yr. The results of the proxy analyses for the past ~ 20 k yr are comparable to previous studies focused on that interval in Lake Tanganyika, and show that the lake


The revision of the Australian and Ncw ZcaIand guidclines for the protection of aquatic ecosystems, will, for the ftrst time, include sediment quality guidelines. The proposed interim scdimcnt quality ~idclil\c wlucs a!'C dc.rived from NorthAmcrican ~cdJmc:nt dfC'-'t.§ databases. The application of guidelines follows a risk-based decisio11-tree approach. Because of the concern with con~t bioavailability, it is rccommcndc:d that conformanc.:c fur t'flctlh; ~ on the basis of data for acid'cxtr.&ctable metals (1M HCI) , Consideration will be given to acid-volatile sulfidt:, graill sizc, and organic ca1"bon content as modjficrs of mctal and organic contaminant bioav.lilability respectively. J11 all cases data will bc: judged relative to background or reference sitc condjtions. Toxicity tcsting will bc acct:ptcd as the ultimate arbitcr of potcntial toxicity. llle need for guidelines, the underlying pllilosophy used in thcir dcnvatian and th~ rccommende.


Hypergolic combustion was experimentally investigated in a reciprocating internal combustion engine by means of preheating the fuel to about 1000/sup 0/F (550/sup 0/C) prior to direct cylinder injection. Ignition delay, exhaust opacity, and the rate of heat release were measured, and the potential for improved engine performance was demonstrated.


Analysis tools and modeling concepts for jet flow fields encountered upon use of thrust reversers for high performance military aircraft are described. A semi-empirical model of the reverser ground wall jet interaction with the uniform cross flow due to aircraft forward velocity is described. This ground interaction model is used to demonstrate exhaust gas ingestion conditions. The effects of control of exhaust jet vector angle, lateral splay, and moving versus fixed ground simulation are discussed. The Adler/Baron jet-in-cross flow model is used in conjunction with three dimensional panel methods to investigate the upper surface jet induced flow field.


Examining the emergence of the modern conception of free labor--labor that could not be legally compelled, even though voluntarily agreed upon--Steinfeld explains how English law dominated the early American colonies, making violation of al labor agreements punishable by imprisonment. By the eighteenth century, traditional legal restrictions no longer applied to many kinds of colonial workers, but it was not until the nineteenth century that indentured servitude came to be regarded as similar to slavery.


extremities are quite common.1-4 An incidence of 20% has been reported in major arteries.5-6 Primary anomalies of the subclavian artery are more frequent than those of the axillary artery.7-8 There may be agenesis of the axillary artery, duplication or variations in its branching pattern.3,9-14 The 3rd part of the axillary artery is more prone to anomalous branching, namely, superficial brachial artery,9,15 profunda brachii artery and superior ulnar collateral artery.16 Earlier work in our department has reported the novelistic bilateral superficial ulnar artery in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.17 There after, other V Variations in the subclavian-axillary arterial system


This article reports on students' experiences of an access programme in the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences at the University of Pretoria, South Africa, namely, the BSc four-year programme (BFYP). The programme has a preparatory 18-month phase after which students join the mainstream programme. The aim of the article is to give a voice to students who enrolled in 2008 and are either still in the system or have successfully completed the degree programme. The authors identify three performance bands, namely: good, moderate and poor performers. They focus on the students' experiences in the preparatory phase of the BFYP, reporting on their personal perceptions of the structure of the programme; on the challenges they faced; and their preparedness upon transition to the mainstream programme. The distinguishing feature of the article is that students' experiences are reported on through the lens of the different performance bands, adding shades of intensity to the different perspectives. Whilst the structure and features of the BFYP were experienced positively by most students across the performance bands, the voice of the poor performing students emerged in the study, expressing their sense of frustration; their inability to cope; and their failure to identify their challenges and to seek assistance. The need to equip underperforming students more effectively in terms of academic and life skills was the key finding of the study and should be of interest to the wider audience of educators and counsellors involved in access programmes.


[Problem] To reduce a leakage magnetic field with a simple configuration
[Solution] The drive device according to the present embodiment drives first to fourth switching elements to generate AC power and drives N inverters (where, N is an integer of 2 or more) for outputting the AC power to the respective corresponding power transmitting coil units. The drive device is equipped with a switching signal generator that drives said first switching element and said second switching element in a complementary fashion, drives said third switching element and said fourth switching element in a complementary fashion, generates switching signals for driving said first to fourth switching elements of each inverter so that the phase difference between the output currents of M-th inverter and (M-1)-th inverter (where, M is an integer of 2 to N, inclusive) becomes 360 × L/N degrees (where, L is an integer of greater than or equal to 1 and less than N) or approaches this value, and supplies said switching signals to said first to fourth switching elements of each inverter.


1 monoclonal antibody that binds to human TrkB. ! 2. The monoclonal antibody of claim 1, wherein the ED50 binding to human TrkB is from about 10 pM to about 500 nM. ! 3. A monoclonal antibody according to claim 1, characterized in that the ED50 binding to human TrkB is from about 10 pM to about 1 nM. ! 4. The monoclonal antibody of claim 1, wherein the ED50 binding to human TrkB is from about 10 pM to about 100 pM. ! 5. The monoclonal antibody of claim 1, ED50 binding with human TrkB is from about 10 pM to about 50 pM. ! 6. The monoclonal antibody of claim 1, wherein said monoclonal antibody activates human TrkB with an EC50 in the range of about 10 pM to about 500 nM. ! 7. The monoclonal antibody of claim 1, wherein said monoclonal antibody activates human TrkB with an EC50 in the range of about 10 pM to about 1 nM. ! 8. The monoclonal antibody of claim 1, wherein said monoclonal antibody activates human TrkB with an EC50 in the range of about 10 pM to about 100 pM. ! 9. The monoclonal antibody of claim 1, wherein said monoclonal antibody activates human TrkB with an EC50 in the range of about 10 pM to about 50 pM. ! 10. The monoclonal antibody of claim 1, wherein said monoclonal antibody does not bind and / or does not activate human TrkA. ! 11. The monoclonal antibody of claim 10, wherein said monoclonal antibody exhibits no detectable binding with human TrkA and / or does not cause an


The profile of application of 3D graphic technology, the framework of DirectXprogramming on Windows platform, and some basic conceptions in using DirectX 8.0 SDK are introduced and are followed by two practices in Visual Basic, in which, as examples, a 3D data chart ActiveX control (DX Chart) is built. The design programming and practical realization of the ActiveX control are fully described in the article.


The invention relates to a process for desorptive separation of Destillationsrueckstaenden incurred in the extractive distillation of C4 hydrocarbons for the recovery of polymerisationsfaehigem butadiene and contain dissolved inhibitors, wherein an inhibitor / C4-hydrocarbon mixture together with a predominantly aromatics containing hydrocarbon mixture which boils higher than the inhibitor / C4-hydrocarbon mixture, a thermal separation is subjected. The recovered, freed of impurities, high boilers and inhibitor, gasfoermige C4-KW-fraction is suitable for the material economic and / or energy use. The waste product is fed to a Inhibitorrueckgewinnung.


P-channel and n-channel heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) have been simultaneously fabricated by one-step molecular beam epitaxial growth of Si-doped Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As/GaAs heterostructures on patterned


Introduction 1. The Politics of Force 2. Strategic Consciousness and the American Way of War 3. The Technology of Tomahawk 4. Operation Southern Watch - January 1993 5. Operation Southern Watch - June 1993 6. Operation Deliberate Force - August/September 1995 7. Operation Desert Strike - September 1996. Conclusion


DNA sequencing data is typically a large collection of short strings called reads. We can summarize such data by computing a histogram of the number of occurrences of substrings of a fixed length. Such histograms can be used for example to estimate the size of a genome. In this paper, we study a recent tool, Kmerlight, which computes approximate histograms. We discover an approximation bias, and we propose a new, unbiased version of Kmerlight. We also model the distribution of approximation errors and support our theoretical model by experimental data. Finally, we use another tool, CovEst, to compute genome size estimates from approximate histograms. Our results show that although CovEst was designed to work with exact histograms, it can be used with their approximate versions, which can be produced in a much smaller memory.


Galindo-Garcia identity-based signature (GG09 IBS) is an efficient identity-based signature (IBS) based on Schnorr signature scheme. The security of GG09 IBS is proven in the random oracle model under the discrete-log assumption, however, the security proof achieves a loose security only. In CANDAR'17, Fukumitsu and Hasegawa proposed a GG09-like IBS (FH17 IBS). Although their scheme achieves a tight security in the random oracle model under the DDH assumption, the size of components and the computational time is much worse than the original GG09 IBS. In this paper, we revisit FH17 IBS and propose an IBS which is more efficient than FH17 IBS. Our proposed IBS has a tight security in the random oracle model under the DDH assumption as well as FH17 IBS and has about 2 times efficiency than FH17 scheme. The security proof of our scheme utilizes the property of our scheme that the user key generation algorithm is probabilistic.


By turns brutal and beautiful, Carolina de Robertis's 2019 novel Cantoras explores twelve years of violent Uruguayan dictatorship where five women of different ages, social, economic, and familial circumstances are yet all equally affected by misogyny, homophobia, and political repression. The women come together to create a haven of freedom wherein to navigate their sexuality without being criminalized, in the middle of a place where freedom for a better future seems to belong to "another bohemian era of dreams." Pieced together from the real-life oral narratives and testimonies of hundreds, lost or silenced in the mainstream din, the novel brings to life a portrait of queer love and forgotten history unlike any other. This essay aims a close reading of the socio-political environment of the novel from dictatorship to the revolution which makes the journey that these women take from social isolation to widespread acceptance, their achievements, losses, and resilience shine all the more.


by Thomas J. Bushlack This dissertation develops a contemporary account of civic virtue that is rooted in the moral, political, and theological work of St. Thomas Aquinas, and, more specifically, as it can be developed from the concept of legal or general justice that Aquinas adopts from Aristotle. As we define and develop the concept, civic virtue refers to a firm and stable orientation of the will directing all acts of the virtues toward the common good of one"s society. Even as the core of civic virtue derives from Aquinas" conception of legal justice – hence we are calling it a Thomistic account of civic virtue – we also note the ways in which our account goes beyond and further develops ideas that can be traced back to Aquinas" work; for example, in considering the role that the passions play in civic virtue. The dissertation begins by tracing the historical development of modern Catholic social thought, noting how historical, political, and intellectual trends in the West contributed to considerably less attention being paid to Aquinas" concept of legal justice in contemporary Catholic moral and political thought. We also place our account of civic virtue into dialogue with contemporary discussions in political philosophy and natural law. These first two steps provide a contemporary context within which we place our


We discuss the findings from our studies of the performance of commercial coplanar‐grid CdZnTe detectors. The devices were investigated using a highly collimated X‐ray beam available at Brookhaven's National Synchrotron Light Source, and by applying pulse‐shape analysis to measure correlations between the signals read out from the devices. Although the operational principle of coplanar‐grid (CPG) detectors is well known, we found some important new details that help to better clarify the performance limitations of this type of device. The correlation plots we present can also be used as diagnostic tools to characterize the behavior of the CPG devices and to help to improve the designs of electrodes. This work illustrates the typical limitations related to the geometry of the contacts in CPG devices and how material non‐uniformities can amplify these problems. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Thank you very much for reading hot electron microwave generators. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this hot electron microwave generators, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer. hot electron microwave generators is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the hot electron microwave generators is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Sustainability has moved to the forefront of environmental policy discourse over the last decade or so. More recently, attention has been given to sustainability governance. This essay reviews three edited books that address this topic. Although all three books agree that current governance institutions and practices must be reformed if sustainable outcomes are to be realised, their prescriptions vary in part because the scopes of governance that the books consider vary. Feitelson's Advancing sustainability at the sub-national level examines governance in a series of local case studies in Israel, South Africa, Poland, the Netherlands, Italy, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Baumgartner and Högger's In search of sustainable livelihood systems addresses governance related to rural communities in India. Ayre and Callway's Governance for sustainable development is primarily concerned with international governance. Ayre and Callway's book reflects an ecological economic perspective that may attract criticism from neo-classical economists and those holding a conservative political ideology. Feitelson's book is aimed at urban planners and serves that audience well. Baumgartner and Hogger's book is more coherently written than the other two but is occasionally redundant and Environmental Politics Vol. 17, No. 1, February 2008, 131–137


Do his guidelines still apply?It is necessary to bear in mind.. .that the diplomacy of lesser powers is a diplomacy not of pressure but of influence, with certain rules:You need negotiators of first-class personal stature.You can achieve more by quiet influence in the corridors than by loud language.It seldom pays to stick out your tongue to prove your virility.You should be committed to your friends but not to any blocs, Eastern, Western, or Neutral.There are advantages in being hard to get, i.e., not being a docile satellite of anyone, even of those who are neutralists.Respect for you will not last long unless in your proposals you indicate concern for world order, the delicate balance of power, [and] precedents rather than for your country's narrow interests or your own glorification.John W Holmes, 19631Such, in part, was John Holmes's advice to 30 West Indian diplomats attending a UN training course in Barbados nearly half a century ago. It was vintage Holmes, and its substance can come as no surprise to anyone familiar with his thought.Holmes saw political activity - in whatever form, and whether international or domestic - as the perpetual and inevitable manifestation of conflict. It expressed the pluralism of the human condition. Neither an aberration to be done away with nor a disease to be cured, it was a permanent reality - an unending process that called for careful and attentive management. In the international context, if wisely, honourably, and responsibly conducted, it was often capable of producing impressively constructive results, even if the highest attainable aspirations were frequently confined to damage control or damage avoidance (the prevention of nuclear war, for example).In this managerial enterprise, the most competent and helpful of the performers would be realists - not in the sense of being "hard-nosed" and routinely drawn to displays of military muscle (although there were times when muscularity was required, too),2 but in the sense of having a perceptive feel for what was feasible and what was not, along with a willingness to be guided by what was likely to work and what was not. Such skills and dispositions lend encouragement to moderation, to flexible habits of mind, to knowing when to give and when to take. They are the prerequisites, in short, of an instrumental pragmatism that in the Holmes view was essential even (and perhaps especially) to the serious conduct of a foreign policy of principle. Above all, they would lead the wisest of policymakers and diplomats to subordinate the facile indulgence of their passions to the restrained and disciplined exercise of their reason.These were intellectual orientations particularly well suited to the peaceful resolution of differences, and the moral case for them, along with the moderate version of the realism they embodied, was that they usually led to a lot less killing in the end. In Holmes's view, the middle and smaller powers should think particularly highly of them, for such states are poorly placed to do well (on their own, at least) if they rely primarily on the flexing of their muscles in pursuing their interests.In sum, and in the political philosopher's sense of the term, Holmes was a "liberal." Diversities of interest and perspective were for him endemic, and conflicts were their consequence. Knowing, therefore, how to settle differences (or at least to live and cope with them), and how to promote peaceful processes and mechanisms for doing the job, were among the prerequisites of international civility. At the most fundamental level, they were indispensable to the avoidance of unnecessary death and destruction. For Canada, as Fen Osier Hampson reminds us in his analysis of Holmes's views on how Ottawa should negotiate with Uncle Sam, the "coping" function was particularly pertinent in the context of the all-important bilateral relationship with the United States. …


A case of persistent left superior vena cava was incidentally detected during computed tomography scan of the thorax for other medical reason. This patient is not known to have any congenital anomaly. The incidence of persistent left superior vena cava is rare in general population.


This report describes an approach for developing conditional projections of the U.S. farm structure. The traditional approach to projecting the distribution of farms by size uses a Markov model with stationary (constant) transition probabilities. Although a useful tool for extrapolation of current trends, the stationary Markov approach cannot model the impacts on farm structure of varying economic and social causal forces. Data are now available for developing Markov models with nonstationary transition probabilities. In this document, a simple nonstationary Markov model of U.S. farm structure is described and estimated and its performance in predicting actual changes in farm numbers and sizes through 1986 is assessed. The nonstationary Markov model makes fuller use of the information available and generates a path of structural change that seems closer to what actually occurred after 1978. (Author/KC) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Agriculture and Rural Economy Division A Conditional Approach to Projecting Farm Structure


Objective To investigate the effects of IFN-α in combination with lipopolysaccharide on the cellular proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle of acute myelogenous leukemia(AML)cell lines U937 and HL60 in vitro.Methods The effects of IFN-α and lipopolysaccharide on AML cell lines U937 and HL60 proliferation were detected by MTT.Cells apoptotic rate and cell cycle were evaluated by using annexin-V FITC/PI apoptotic kit and flow cytometry,respectively.Results(1)We found that IFN-α or lipopolysaccharide alone could inhibit leukemic proliferation,increase cellular apoptotic rate and percentage of cells at G1 phase significantly,comparing with the control group(P0.05).(2)IFN-α in combination with lipopolysaccharide could inhibit leukemic proliferation,increase the cellular apoptotic rate and percentage of cells at G1 phase significantly,comparing with IFN-αor lipopolysaccharide alone and the control group,respectively(P0.05).Conclusion IFN-α in combination with lipopolysaccharide has synergistic effect on the proliferation inhibition and cellular apoptotic induction of AML cells.


"Death is not the only adverse outcome of covid-19," writes Nisreen Alwan, an epidemiologist who is experiencing a range of prolonged, fluctuating, and debilitating symptoms several months after her initial mild illness.1 Like a growing number of people around the world, she has what is being called post-acute or long covid.

While most people recover quickly and completely from the virus, stories of persistent and troubling symptoms have now moved from anecdote to the evidence of crowd sourced cohorts. Reports suggest that one in three people have not fully recovered several …


A numerical investigation of the distribution of the radiation field in a plane-parallel Fabry-Perot resonator in single-mode operation in the case of a simple model of kinetics with consideration of collisional relaxation was carried out with the use of the self-consistent statement of the problem proposed in (1).


Domain-Specific Modeling (DSM) allows domain experts to concentrate on the essential characteristics of a problem space without being overwhelmed by the complexities that may occur in the solution space. DSM is focused on the creation of a metamodel for a specific domain, from which instances pertaining to specific configurations of that domain can be constructed. However, as the metamodel undergoes evolutionary changes, repositories of instance models (also called domain models) can become orphaned from their defining metamodel. Within the context of model-driven engineering (MDE), we have developed the Metamodel Recovery System (MARS) which addresses the problem of "metamodel drift" and recovers the design knowledge in a repository of legacy models. MARS is a semi-automatic system that uses grammar inference techniques to recover a metamodel by mining instance models. In addition to the instance models, there are other artifacts that can be investigated in the modeling repository. In this paper we describe an extension to MARS in the form of a type inference capability that is accomplished by the use of a program transformation engine that mines the model compiler code and recovers the type information of fields (or attributes) of metamodel entities.


Based on detailed studies of sequence stratigraphy for outcrop section,the Upper Devonian Xihu Formation in Hangzhou can be divided into two third-order sequences,whose high-frequency cycles is presented as: the normal grading succession being coarse in grain size in the lower part and fine in the upper part characterize the TST and LST,and the retrograding sequence of being from shallow to deep in water depth;the inverse grading succession being fine in grain in the lower and fine in the upper part characterizes the HST,and the prograding sequence of being from deep to shallow in water depth.It is hold that the tectonic activities and sea-level change are the main factors controlling the development and evolution of the sequence of the Xihu Formation.The sedimentary feature of the Xihu Formation could be subdivided into three stages: the transformation stage from upper nearshore sedimentary sequence to alternative foreshore and backshore sedimentary sequence in shoreside facies,the recurrent stage of watercourse and sideback sedimentary sequence in meandering river,and alternative stage between shallow-marine shelf and nearshore lower sedimentary sequence.


Abstract The design of a real-time programmable filter capable of processing complex signals and possessing independent freedom in the choice of its amplitude and phase characteristics is reported. The filtering system, which is based on chirp transform modules, has been implemented simply using ultrasonic dispersive delay lines. Experimental results demonstrating the feasibility of the approach are presented


Flexible electrodes are crucial for the growth of modern flexible electronics or smart clothing. Their ability to serve as sensing elements, deliver energy or transmit electrical signals in different conditions is essential for the evolution of wearables that will enrich our everyday life. In this study, we focus our efforts on understanding the impact of an additional protective layer on elongated and washed roll-to-roll printed (R2R) conductive flexible electrodes of various shapes. The electrical and morphological examinations provide information on the performance of the electrodes and materials during washing and elongation cycles. The acquired results indicate propitious electrode shapes as well as data concerning micro-scale cracking mechanisms, which are responsible for electrode performance degradation. The application of commercially available pastes and R2R printing methods allow the flawless utilization of the results and the fabrication of flexible and more reliable electronic components.


The Anthropocene is the human age. Its undeniable significance has been ascribed across disciplines from geology, to cultural studies, to fine art. Through reflective analysis, this paper explores the role and significance of creative practice, the found object, and the use of object-based adventures in teaching the Anthropocene. It also considers the role of virtual object-based learning in a digital age through a "Gallery of Late Humanity", through the reflexive lens of a lecturer who teaches both environmental sciences and cultural geography. These methods successfully encouraged learning across and beyond the disciplinary boundaries of geography and fine art, providing creative re-imaginings, visualisations and understandings of the Anthropocene. These approaches illustrate how the quotidian materialities of home can be reconfigured as a field site for the late Anthropocene.


Rapid price increases and reduction in the supply of rubberwood has forced the particleboard manufacturers to look for new alternative raw materials. The production of particleboard from other wood species will be a good solution to the problem of depleting wood supplies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of particleboard made from rubberwood and oil palm trunk pressed at different temperatures and times compared to particleboards made from single species. Two types of UF resins (E1 resin and SE0 resin) were applied in this study. The effect of surface-to-core ratio was also examined in this study. The modulus of rupture, internal bond strength and thickness swelling of the boards were evaluated based on the Japanese Industrial Standard for particleboard (JIS A 5908:2003). After evaluation, the panels produced are a potential substitute to the panels made from pure rubberwood.


Respiratory activity in vertebrates is inhibited or stimulated by controlling factors which act on mechanoreceptors or chemoreceptors within the organism (Shelton 1970; Gordon et al. 1972). Low oxygen tensions and high carbon dioxide tensions are two factors which have been shown to stimulate respiratory activity via chemoreceptors in vertebrates (Florey 1966). Since there are marked differences in the structural and functional properties of respiratory mechanisms among the vertebrate classes (Lenfant and Johansen 1972), the relative importance of oxygen and carbon dioxide as regulatory factors may also differ among these classes. In fishes, when the environmental CO2 tension is at or near zero, CO, does not accumulate to tensions above 5 mm Hg in the blood because of the high rate of transport of CO2 in water (Rahn 1966). Since CO, tensions are low in many natural waters, 02 might be expected to be more important than CO, as a controlling factor in fish respiration. Although certain fishes have been shown to react to high CO, concentrations by avoidance (Shelford and Allee 1913; Black, Fry, and Black 1954), most authors agree that the primary factor regulating respiratory activity in fishes is Po2 (Whitmore, Warren, and Doudoroff 1960; Saunders


This article reports the efiect of vapour chopping technique on the properties of vacuum evaporated poly (3- methyl thiophene) thin fllms such as surface morphology, optical transmittance, band gap, refractive index and optical transmission loss. Vapour chopping gives smooth surface morphology with smaller grain size reduced roughness than non chopped thin fllms, while the transmittance of the thin fllm increases with simultaneous decrease in the refractive index, band gap and optical transmission loss decreases due to vapour chopping.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: method for electric drive control in which a trajectory component of the control signal is generated based on the required motion law of the load kinematically associated with the moving element of the engine, the speed of the load is measured, a control signal component proportional to the static frictional characteristic is formed, and the resulting value is added to the trajectory component of the control signal, the received amount is used to control the engine. The feature is that using the measured load speed, the expected stopping moments are determined before changing the sign of the load speed, the frictional component of the control signal is generated using the speed expected after the load motion is restarted, the frictional component of the control signal is formed ahead of the expected restart of the load motion. The electric drive comprises an engine and a speed sensor kinematically connected to its moving element, a friction compensator and an adder connected in series, wherein the adder also has an input for the signal from the external system. The feature is that a lead generator is introduced into it, wherein the input of the lead generator is connected to the output of the speed sensor, the output of the lead generator is connected to the input of the friction compensator, and the output of the adder is connected to the input of the engine. EFFECT: increased speed and accuracy of the input signal processing by the electric drive. 12 cl, 4 dwg


When traditional large-scale bender bend a pipe,pipe bend angle is measured by off-line manual measurement,which is labor intensity,low measurement accuracy and generate more wasters. In response to these shortcomings,this paper designs the device measuring pipe bend angle by online. The device consists of mechanical transmission parts,stepper motors,micro-controller component. This design improves the processing accuracy of the bending machine,productivity and yield.


Biomedical research has progressed to the stage that extremely elegant studies can now be performed at a level of refinement unimaginable only a decade or two ago. We can analyze a single cell for a multiplicity of proteins, RNA or DNA; explore the functioning of a protein complex in a cell membrane; and we can use techniques to move single molecules around on a substrate. But what can one do to analyze such heterogenous tissue defects as wounds? A colleague of mine, a neuroelectrophysiologist, has commented to me that he prefers the "simplicity" of patch clamping a single neuron, rather then the complexity of the wound environment. At times, I might agree with him, because the wound environment is indeed an extremely complex assemblage of cells, soluble mediators, extracellular matrix molecules, and lipids, which does not lend itself to refined analysis. Given this level of intricacy, how should clinicians and researchers reduce the complexity in order to develop a deeper understanding of the processes in repair? One can use the reductionist approach and keep breaking down the system into smaller components, cells, or molecules until one has a limited set of variables to consider, or one can use a more holistic approach and attempt to keep the system intact, using extremely focused probes that can mitigate the system complexity by their extreme specificity. We have seen many reductionist studies that have produced a wealth of data on very circumscribed biological systems. These analyses in vacuo suffer from the artificial constraints that are imposed upon cells in order to minimize the variables to be studied. However, this approach may be the only method to provide the most robust data on cell behavior, signal transduction, and gene expression regulation. In contrast to this approach, studies may be conducted on the macroscopic events of wound healing, such as the rate of wound closure. These studies, at the most gross level of measurement, may seem very unsophisticated in comparison to, for example, the use of the polymerase chain reaction to quantitate the levels of mRNA of a growth factor in tissue, but given the situation, the gross measure may be more informative and useful. Therefore, it is the breadth of analytical techniques applied to wound healing rather than the overall sophistication which we need to continue to develop. This issue of the Journal contains two articles from a meeting held this spring in Southampton, England. The meeting, "Third Meeting on Measurements in Wound Healing" was focused on the need to develop a wider array of validated measurement approaches to apply to wound healing studies and clinical practice. Dr. Raj Mani's Perspective article provides an overview of the meeting focussing on different biochemical and biophysical methodologies. A research article by Tarlton et al. offers a specific example of the type of novel wound sampling system used to quantitate several measures of collagen metabolism in chronic nonhealing wounds. Of note is the unique approach that the authors used to mitigate against the healing heterogeneity of certain ulcers, namely to apparently heal at one site while regressing at another site. In addition, the authors attempted to determine if the information had prognostic value. We are entering a period when the sophistication of analytical methodology generally exceeds the requirements of the wound healing field for many applications. Efforts need to be directed towards identifying suitably robust measurement techniques which can be applied to this heterogenous system. Controlled studies are clearly in order to validate the utility of specific measurement approaches to either clinical outcomes or research objective. Without these studies, we risk the possibility of expending considerable time, effort and money to measure with extreme precision a parameter that is only peripheral to the biologically important processes of tissue repair. I would suggest that the level of sophistication that needs to be applied to a given situation is no longer a limiting factor and is not really the question. Rather what is needed is a better understanding of which parameters are the important ones to measure. Once that is known, the methods used to quantitate it are very likely already at hand.


Urinary symptoms are well-described in children with chronic constipation which include enuresis, urgency and recurrent urinary infections. Renal tract obstruction is a rare complication of severe chronic constipation. We describe a case of a 10-year-old boy with a history of long-standing constipation who presented with obstructive uropathy. Treatment strategies involved intensive medical therapy, parental education, behaviour modification strategies and close follow-up in a specialised constipation clinic. The obstruction was reversed and medications were discontinued after six months. Successful management of children with chronic constipation involves a multi-disciplinary approach in a specialised constipation clinic.


The samples (Cuban pine and Swedish pine from Iggesund) are dried in an electrical oven at 100 °C for 24 hours. The samples are prepared by mixing an activating agent, in this case phosphoric acid (30, 40 and 50 wt %), with the pre dried wood particles. The required amount of phosphoric acid is based on the dry weight of the sampled wood particles and the dry weight of the phosphoric acid. The impregnation ratio (IR) that is used for chemical activation is 1 and 2. When the phosphoric acid has been stirred and worked into the granular the mixture of phosphoric acid and wood is left to soak overnight so that the reagents are fully absorbed by the precursor. The conditions for the experiments (acid concentration, impregnation rate and type of wood) are shown in tables 1 and 2. 2.1 Activation using zinc sulphate In the experiments involving production of activated carbon using zinc sulphate for activation, the selected raw material was sawdust, residues from a Cuban sawmill. Three variables were used when producing the activated carbon: concentration of the zinc sulphate solution (S), relationship of impregnation mixture, zinc sulphate to wood (IR) and temperature of carbonization (T). The conditions for the experiments are shown in table 3 and 4. 2.3 Analysis of Activated Carbon The AC was analyzed with three different methods; adsorption of gases (Ammonia and Tetrachloride), Iodine number and BET- analysis.


Abastract:A chromite sand recovery system has been developed with coefficient of recovery of chromite sand more than 80% and mixed with silican sand less than 1.5% while chromite sand less than 2%.


Branched derivatives of waxy monoesters incorporating 9-decenol and 9-decenoic acid were synthesized using epoxidation and ring-opening esterification. The reactions were conducted at two different temperatures and monitored over time. The crystallization, melting, and viscosity of the compounds were all controlled strongly as a function of incremental branching. Isomerism was shown to be critically important: an OH group at the end of the hydrocarbon chain completely suppressed crystallization, whereas its isomer with a terminal acyl chain did not. The structure of the linear monoesters were shown to provide the templates for crystallization, melting, and flow behavior, whereas the branching effect extended but could not erase the effect of the base molecular architecture. These compounds present a large range of properties that are suitable for a variety of applications ranging from waxes to lubricants.


In this Letter, the dynamics of spectral energy transfer in rotating homogeneous turbulence is investigated. It is shown that the wave number kΩ=(Ω3/e)1/2 (defined by the rotation speed Ω and dissipation e) determines the turbulence length scale, above which rotation effects on spectral transfer and on energy spectrum form are important. From the rotation‐modified spectrum, turbulence decay laws are also inferred.


Measure correlation between spike trains is a fundamental step for the study of neural systems. There are many alternatives to measure correlation, but not all possess the required properties. In this paper we propose to use non-parametric coefficients of correlation, coefficients Spearman and Kendall. To analyze their properties were generated computationally trains of spikes that simulate different experimental conditions, then the proposed coefficients were calculated and compared with the Pearson coefficient. The results show that under certain experimental conditions Kendall coefficient is more appropriate to quantify correlations between spikes trains.


As one type of higher education institutes(HEIs), vocational colleges should not only embody basic characteristics of the training pattern of practical talents, but also should create their typical features to achieve the diversification of vocational education by making good use of the comparative advantages, the leading concept of school-running, and the regional cultural feature, etc.


The human factor is affected by several factors within the organization, some of which are related to the organization, such as the work environment, and what is related to the employee himself, such as his personality traits, in addition to a group of factors related to the organization and the employee's personality, such as job satisfaction and job performance. But in most cases, the available research did not exceed the study of two or three factors, and studies were done using traditional theories such as the Big Five theory to classify the personality of individuals. In these papers, the effect of job satisfaction as an intermediary factor between the work environment and the job efficiency of employees with a circle and zigzag personality was studied in Saudi Arabia Kingdom Organizations. As it is clear, the classification of geometric shapes has been adopted, which is the latest theory in the classification of personality types. By following the path analysis methodology using AMOS software. The study proved that, General job Satisfaction of Zig-Zag personality trait (ZGJS) mediate the relationship between both of, Independent Work Environment (IWE) Team Work Environment (TWE), and Job Performance of Circle personality trait (ZJP). Where as, General Job Satisfaction of Circle personality trait (CGJS) mediate the relationship between Team Work Environment (TWE) and Job Performance of Circle personality trait (CJP).


Based on the mathematical model of the digital image distortion, the processing flow and algorithms of the digital image rectification was proposed in this paper using the theory of plane graph transformation theory. Considering the selecting of the distortion image and the retaining of the geometry conformation after the rectification, the rectification function was designed for the original algorithm. Experiments show that the algorithm can effectively carry out the building texture distortion rectification.


Purpose Studies have shown a close relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causal relationship between them remains unclear. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using publicly available summary statistics data for GM and AD. We extracted independent genetic loci significantly associated with GM relative abundances as instrumental variables based on predefined thresholds (p < 1*e−5). The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was primarily used for causal relationship assessment. Additional analyses, including MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode, were performed as supplementary analyses. Results IVW analysis revealed significant correlations between certain microbial taxa and the risk of AD. Higher abundances of Actinobacteria at the class level, phylum. Actinobacteria, class. Deltaproteobacteria, order. Desulfovibrionales, genus. Oscillospira, and genus. Ruminococcaceae UCG004 (p < 0.048) was found to be positively associated with an elevated risk of AD. However, within the genus-level taxa, Ruminococcus1 (p = 0.030) demonstrated a protective effect on lowering the risk of AD. In addition, to ensure the robustness of the findings, we employed Cochrane's Q test and leave-one-out analysis for quality assessment, while the stability and reliability of the results were validated through MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and sensitivity analysis. Conclusion This study provided a comprehensive analysis of the causal relationship between 211 GM taxa and AD. It discerned distinct GM taxa linked to the susceptibility of AD, thereby providing novel perspectives on the genetic mechanisms governing AD via the GM. Additionally, these discoveries held promise as valuable biomarkers, enabling the identification of potential therapeutic targets and guiding forthcoming AD investigations.


The assessment of the anticipated benefits of new information systems is important to the process of information system planning. A study of the anticipated benefits of 178 projects revealed nine benefits factors: improved information, strategic advantage, return on investment, reduced technology cost, better applications development, reduced travel costs, reduced workforce costs, business redesign, and adherence to government regulations.
A variety of personnel propose new information systems. User departments are the most active proposers. Top management and IS departments are about equally active and strategic planning groups are considerably less active. User departments and top management propose more strategic advantage applications than do IS department or strategic planning groups. IS departments most actively propose reduced technology cost and better applications development applications while user departments propose improved information, return on investment, reduced workforce costs, business redesign, and adherence to government regulations applications.


Holweck molecular drag pumps are used as high-pressure stages in hybrid turbomolecular vacuum pumps, where they can operate in the transition and the viscous regime. In this article we develop a Navier-Stokes model of a Holweck pump with tapered pumping channels, applying slip-flow boundary conditions, to predict vacuum performances with and without gas flow. The commercial computational fluid dynamic code FLUENT is used to solve the model equations and to predict the pressure profile along the grooves. A specifically designed experiment is presented, whose arrangement provides the boundary conditions as input to the model and whose results are used to validate it.


We synthesized BβArg14His fibrinogen with histidine substituted for arginine at the Bβ thrombin-cleavage site. This substitution led to a 300-fold decrease in the rate of thrombin-catalyzed fibrinopeptide B (FpB, Bβ 1-14) release, whereas the rate of FpA release was normal with either thrombin or the FpA-specific enzyme, batroxobin. Both thrombin- and batroxobincatalyzed polymerization of BβArg14His fibrinogen were significantly impaired, with a longer lag time, slower rate of lateral aggregation, and decreased final turbidity. Moreover, desA monomer polymerization was similarly impaired, demonstrating that the histidine substitution itself, and not the lack of FpB cleavage, caused the abnormal polymerization of BβArg14His fibrin. Scanning electron microscopy showed BβArg14His fibrin fibers were thinner than normal (BβArg14His, approximately 70 nm; normal, approximately 100 nm; P


The authors describe a mixed-mode timing simulator which combines logic simulation with assignable delay, macromodel-based timing simulation and circuit simulation, all of which utilize a common database. The mode in which a given part of the circuit is to be simulated is specified as part of the input. However, in certain cases, such as the occurrence of glitches or nonmonotonical changes in subcircuit outputs, the simulator automatically chooses the most accurate simulation level appropriate for that particular case. The implementation of the algorithms in the simulator is briefly described and sample simulation examples are presented.<<ETX>>


Reactions of laser-ablated palladium and platinum atoms with ethylene isotopomers have been carried out in excess argon during condensation at 7 K. Infrared spectra show that palladium forms a n complex with ethylene whereas platinum generates an insertion product. Acetylene is a major product, suggesting that H 2 elimination from ethylene is also induced by the metal atom reactions. Product frequencies calculated by DFT are compared with the experimental values.


Our aim was to understand the resistance situation of second-line anti-TB(tuberculosis) drugs in the patients with multiple drug-resistance tuberculosis(MDR-TB),and evaluate the clinical application for the drug susceptibility test of second-line anti-TB(tuberculosis) drugs by BACTEC MGIT960 system.The clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis) isolates from the patients with MDR-TB identified by PNB/TCH culture and the susceptibility testing on first-line drugs were collected in Fuzhou Pulmonary Hospital,Fujian Province.Drug susceptibility on 4 second-line drugs including ofloxacin(OFLX),levofloxacin(LVFX),amikacin(AMK) and capreomycin(CPM) were tested by means of the BACTEC MGIT960 system and compared improved L-J medium.Results showed that from October 2008 to April 2009,total of 70 MDR-TB patients,in which there were 26 initial cases and 44 retreated cases,were tested for drug resistance to the 4 second-line drugs.The total drug-resistance rate of the four drugs was 61.4%(43/70).The drug-resistance rate to OFLX,LVFX,AMK and CPM was 48.6%,40.0%,17.1% and 7.1%,respectively.The drug-resistant rate of the first treated cases and the retreated cases was 57.7%(15/26) and 63.6%(28/44) respectively.There were 5 XDR-TB cases accounting for 7.1%,including 1 initial case(1.4%) and 4 retreated cases(5.7%).The average report time of the drug susceptibility tests of second-line anti-TB drugs by BACTEC MGIT960 system was only 10.2 d,which was shorter than that of improved L-J medium.Identical proportion of drug susceptibility tests was higher than 90%.It's concluded that drug-resistance rate of the 4 drugs is in high level within MDR-TB patients who were treated in the hospital.It is needed to pay more attention to XDR-TB control and treatment because there is XDR-TB in Fujian Province.Meanwhile,BACTEC MGIT960 system is an accurate method for rapid testing of susceptibilities of M.tuberculosis to second-line drugs.


This paper presents the findings of a Guatemalan survey of caretakers of children under 5 years old a study that will be used in planning and evaluating a health education program to affect practices related to child diarrheal disease and immunization. Carried out by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Nutritional Institute of Central America and Panama (INCAP) the study surveyed 9187 mothers or caretakers of children under 5 years old who were randomly selected within clusters in all 22 departments in Guatemala. Based on survey findings section I of the report examines what channels of communication reach the target audience. Section II considers the current knowledge and use of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS). Section III describes vaccination coverage of children and the impact of previous vaccination programs while section IV examines the relationship between background characteristics of individuals and their use of particular channels of communication. Some of the studys major findings include: 1) Radio is the appropriate channel for communicating with the target population. 3/5 of the population listens to the radio on a daily basis and radio has the potential to reach at least 1/2 of even the poorest sector in Guatemala. 2) From a technical point of view only broadcasts in Spanish (as opposed to Indian languages such as Quiche and Kekchi) can be justified since 97% of the target audience listens to Spanish broadcasts. 3) Because ORS is rarely used a major effort to legitimize ORS among health professionals and pharmacists if needed. 4) In order to increase timely vaccination coverage Guatemala needs to develop an approach that fits somewhere in between routine service and jornadas (intensive vaccination days).


We address the problem of training the free parameters of a statistical machine translation system. We show significant improvements over a state-of-the-art minimum error rate training baseline on a large ChineseEnglish translation task. We present novel training criteria based on maximum likelihood estimation and expected loss computation. Additionally, we compare the maximum a-posteriori decision rule and the minimum Bayes risk decision rule. We show that, not only from a theoretical point of view but also in terms of translation quality, the minimum Bayes risk decision rule is preferable.


Comparing analysis of variance of Non-normal distribution data with normal distribution data after Box-Cox commutation by R language,the non-normal distribution data on analysis of variance.The results showed that there was very small effect of non-normal distribution on analysis of variance.Therefore,it was not necessary to transform non-normal distribution data into normal distribution data when doing analysis of variance by R language.


In this paper, numerical results of different flow problems for the three-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are presented. The problems describe a flow around an obstacle as well as a flow through a system of pipes. Furthermore, chemical species are added in case of the pipe flow. This additionally comprises a transport problem for the introduced species. The numerical approximation is accomplished with a finite element characteristic projection method based on the schemes of Chorin and Vankan. The numerical method for solving the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations and the species equations using the parallel adaptive finite element framework padfem 2 are illustrated. Mean values like lift and drag coefficient, pressure decay and species distribution are presented and compared with existing reference values. Finally, some efficiency results of the used solvers are given.


ABSTRACT Alongside humanitarian motives, the pursuit of security is the main justification given by states for their foreign military interventions. This is constructed as an 'export of security', part of a strategy to combat material and ideological threats abroad in order to enhance the sending state's security. Such securitized justifications are highly ambiguous, with the military intervention itself often becoming a source of insecurity. Given the Janus-faced nature of military securitization, what are the conditions for a successful securitization move leading to foreign military intervention? In response to this question, the following article compares separate cases of security exports undertaken by the United States (US), Germany and Japan. It is argued that a stable commitment to a military intervention on the part of a sending state is only possible if the pre-intervention securitization process includes a successful desecuritization move once there are boots on the ground. This argument underlines the fundamental ambiguity of securitization moves, as well as the importance of and conditions for audience acceptance. Furthermore, this article proposes a template for exploring the links between securitization and desecuritization.


This chapter discusses the numerical issues in construction of piecewise virtual fields over a specimen. The improvement and advantages over the use of single virtual element has been examined. Such a piecewise construction has been successfully used to characterize a thin composite plate in bending. Moreover, the use of piecewise elements has shown its merits in the characterization of a damaged composite plate. An illustrated detailed discussion is presented on the choice of element that ensures continuity at the edges of adjacent elements and its importance.


Document image analysis is a critical technology in the construction of modern digital libraries In document image analysis a priori knowledge of the structure of signals i e strokes is required In this paper a special class of the wavelet transform referred to as the multiresolution Hadamard representation MHR is proposed The basis of MHR provides a stroke model by which the strokes in a Chinese character can be extracted easily This multiresolution analysis provides a means to reveal the size scale of a character Applications on the extraction of half tone pictures the deter mination of scales for characters and the dynamic binarization of images using the multiresolution Hadamard representation are also presented


INTRODUCTION: On December 22, 2020, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued guidelines for the allocation of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Childcare providers and K-12 school teachers, as designated 'frontline essential workers,' were recommended for early vaccination. Despite ACIP recommendations, some states chose only to prioritize school teachers, sending the message that childcare providers' occupational risk was less than that of school teachers and other frontline essential workers. More recently, on August 11, 2021, California became the first state to require COVID-19 vaccination of school teachers, but excluded childcare providers. To better understand this emerging disparity, we characterize state vaccine mandates for childcare providers versus school teachers.

METHODS: To determine which states had issued legislative and/or regulatory directives requiring vaccination of childcare and/or school personnel (as of November 1, 2021), we reviewed official archives of executive orders for all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC) and COVID-19 state databases maintained by the National Conference of State Legislatures and the National Academy for State Health Policy. For each state with legislative or regulatory directives, we collected information on issue date and compliance deadline, type (e.g., executive order, public health order), issuer (e.g., governor, public health officer), availability of vaccine exemptions and testing alternatives, and acceptable proofs of vaccination.

RESULTS: Ten states (including DC) had issued executive-branch directives requiring either COVID-19 vaccination or routine testing for school teachers, of which only five included childcare providers (no states had issued directives for childcare providers alone). No states had passed legislation requiring COVID-19 vaccination. Three states required COVID-19 vaccination without a routine testing alternative;six states allowed for both vaccination and routine testing to fulfill the directive's requirement;and one state (New York) required routine testing with opt out vaccination for those who objected. Five states did not specify any exemptions to vaccination, with the rest allowing medical and/or religious belief exemptions and none allowing personal belief exemptions. All states required formal proof of vaccination either in the form of an attestation from a healthcare provider, a signed CDC vaccination card, and/or a record from a state immunization registry;no states allowed for personal attestation to support receipt of vaccination. The results can be found summarized in the table.

CONCLUSION: While ten states (including DC) have issued directives requiring either COVID-19 vaccination or routine testing among school teachers, only half include childcare providers. This emerging trend suggests an unwarranted disparity between childcare and school settings in states' efforts to promote vaccination, as the argument in favor of vaccinating the former is at least as strong as that of the latter for several reasons. First, both staff and children in childcare programs may be at higher risk for contracting COVID-19 than those in schools, given the congregation of infants and young children who are both ineligible for vaccination and possibly less effectively adherent to nonpharmaceutical interventions (e.g., masking, social distancing, handwashing). Second, childcare providers have a lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake compared to school teachers (78% versus 90% as of late Spring 2021). Finally, childcare providers skew more heavily minority, and therefore may be at greater risk for COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality (17.3 and 19.3 percent of childcare personnel are Black and Hispanic versus 12.1 and 13.0 percent of school personnel, respectively). To ensure equitable consideration for the health and safety of childcare providers and school teachers alike, states should consider expanding directives to include childcare providers—as has been done by both New Jersey and Illinois—to bridge the COVID-19 vaccination gap between childcare providers and school teachers.


User automation technology is the key content of intelligent network construction,and also the important applications of intelligent distribution network.This paper analyzes the significance of building automation technology users,expounds the research status of user automation technology,automation technology project practice on users were summarized and the thinking of automation technology in the future was prospected.


Medical images, especially those composed artificially by computer reconstruction, may contain more information than the human eye can perceive. Despite the fact that humans are excellent visual pattern recognizers, additional information extracted by computation may en-hance diagnosis capability. This study compares visual judgements of gamma camera images and shows that classification improvement can be obtained if human judgements and statistical output are combined. ROC analysis accounts for quality assessment of human judgements. For a particular set of grey level cooccurrence measures a Fisher linear discriminant is calculated. After comparing performance of judgements and discriminant figures another Fisher discriminant is composed of both human judgements and statistical measures, showing the possibility of thus reducing the number of false diagnoses.


ABSTRACT. Objectives: the aims of the present paper was to verify the effective use of marketing by members of Montevideo Dental Cooperative – Red Dentis -, determinate their knowledge about it, as well as to discuss the ethical and legal aspects associated with this topic. Methods: the research was developed by applying a questionnaire with 32 structured and open questions, answered by cooperative dentists. Results: it was found that respondents use few marketing resources in their dental office and that, in general, confuse marketing with advertising. This fact makes nearly impossible to evaluate costs and feedback related to it. Conclusions: most professionals from the sample exhibited partial knowledge with reference to marketing and manifested to ignore the current Uruguayan legislation linked to advertising and publicity in health area. Also, it should be noted that such regulatory framework does not fully address this specific issue.


3 What is a Task? 3.1 Definitions of Tasks There are many definition of a task in the literature (e.g., Paternò (2001); Ranganathan and Campbell (2005); Rich (2009); Wang and Garlan (2000); ?) but there is no a common definition of a task. We adopt a definition that "a task is a goal or objective which is presented by a set of actions performed collaboratively by humans and machines to achieve this goal".


By measuring the gel fraction and GPC spectra of irradiated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) samples, the radiation effect of PDMS in latex form was investigated. Results showed that the (superscript •)OH radical could not only initiate the radiation crosslinking of PDMS latex, but also accelerate the scission of PDMS molecular chain. For the PDMS latex without additives, the effect of (superscript •)OH on the crosslinking behavior is not obvious. However, the addition of H2O2 or KIO4 or N2O which could increase the concentration of (superscript •)OH would enhance the radiation degradation of PDMS. Moreover, with the increase of absorbed dose, the degradation is more predominant to lead to the drop of gel fraction. Particularly, in the presence of crosslinking sensitizer-trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), when the dose was above 40 kGy, the excess (superscript •)OH radical accelerated remarkably the degradation of PDMS chain which resulted in the narrow polydispersity of molecular weight and increase in content of PDMS with low molecular weight, and decrease of gel fraction, comparing with those of irradiated PDMS latex without TMPTMA. This suggested that the synergetic interaction perhaps existed between TMPTMA and excess (superscript •)OH radical. This might be attributed to that the (superscript •)OH radicals react with TMPTMA firstly, the resulted product might accelerate the degradation of PDMS.


The present invention relates to human antibodies to CSF-1R (CSF-1R antibodies), methods for their production, pharmaceutical compositions containing the antibody composition, and uses thereof. DSM ACC2922 20080610


Economic Rentability depend on the factor of the efficiency of cost control and working capital turnover (Khoyri, 2014; Vidiyastutik, 2013) . This paper investigates the impact of cost control effectiveness and working capital turnover on Economic Rentability. The type of data used was quantitative data taken from the company's annual financial statements. Using panel data for 14 companies that is all manufacturing companies of metal sub sector and the like that listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange and the observation period from 20 12 to 201 6 , we tested the relationships between the efficiency of cost control and working capital turnover by building panel model . The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Meanwhile, the statistical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. Our findings showed that the efficiency of cost control does not have a significant effect on Economic Rentability. The results of this paper is indicated by the significance value of the efficiency of cost control greater than alpha (0.869> 0.05). This study also reveals that Working Capital Turnover has a significant effect on Economic Profitability. The statistical test shows that the significance value of Working Capital Turnover is smaller than alpha (0.000 <0.05).


; The incidence of gastric cancer in the northeast Asian countries Japan, Korea and China is the highest in the world. The age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) are 10 times higher than those in non-Hispanic Whites and four times higher than those in Japanese immigrants in Los Angeles, USA (1). The overall incidence rates of gastric cancer in Japan have been decreasing according to the changing pattern of Japanese dietary habit after World War II (2). A large number of epidemiological studies during the last several decades investigated dietary factors in relation to gastric cancer risk in the world and revealed dominant dietary and beverage factors: high intake of salted foods; low consumption of fresh vegetables and fruit and habitual cigarette smoking. The worldwide epidemic pattern of gastric cancer is closely associated with the characteristic lifestyle pattern in each country and ethnic group. Japanese immigrants to the USA were influenced by the American social and natural environment and changed their way of life, especially their dietary habits, generation by generation. In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) defined Helicobacter pylori as a carcinogenic agent of human gastric cancer based on sufficient evidence for positive relationships between H. pylori infection rate and risk impact of gastric cancer (3). As H. pylori emerged as a decisive carcinogenic agent for gastric cancer, many pathologists countered the arguments as follows: (1) lack of evidence from animal experiments regarding the carcinogenic agent of H. pylori products; (2) insufficient evidence for the spreading pattern of parasitic H. pylori in the gastric epithelium and further progression to gastric cancer; and (3) insufficient evidence for a population-based correlation between the infection rate of H. pylori and risk of gastric cancer throughout the world. It is well known that H. pylori was a major cause of refractory ulcers of the stomach and duodenum before the eradication of H. pylori infection. Theoretically, H. pylori would play a complementary role in carcinogenicity as a predisposing factor of gastric cancer, e.g., chronic and atrophic gastritis. A long-term repeated inflammatory condition with H. pylori might enhance carcinogenic progression by independent exposure to non-specific carcinogenic agents; however, H. pylori itself gradually disappears with the progression of cancerous tissue. Current animal experiments using Mongolian gerbils clarified the first point above, that is, H. pylori promotes glandular gastric carcinogenesis after treatment with a chemical carcinogen, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) (4), and furthermore, eradication of H. pylori infection diminished its enhancing effects on glandular gastric carcinogenicity with MNU administration (5). With regard to the second of the above points, H. pylori gradually disappears in gastric membranes with progression of gastric atrophy, with concordant occurrence of gastric cancer as an outcome condition of H. pylori-related gastritis. A 10year follow-up study of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) mainly caused by H. pylori infection demonstrated a moderate increase in gastric cancer risk with the presence of CAG, and the risk was greatest among subjects with a moderate level of CAG at baseline (6). The attenuation of risk with the length of follow-up period after a peak at 4–6 years supported hypothetical evidence that incomplete and unstable CAG in the process of atrophy is potently associated with the development of gastric cancer. Concerning the third point above, several pieces of evidence in Japan indicated concordance of H. pylori epidemics and risk of gastric cancer. The incidence rate of gastric cancer has been decreasing recently in concert with the decreasing trend of H. pylori infection in younger persons (7). The mode of infection is considered to be oral–oral and/or fecal–oral routes and the infection risk has diminished recently with improvements in sanitary conditions. In the northeast Asian countries, e.g. Japan, Korea and China, the incidence rate of gastric cancer is constantly high whereas it is extremely low in southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia, even though the infection rate of H. pylori among the general population is not very different from that among Japanese. Different exposure levels to other related risk factors, e.g. intake of salt and consumption of vegetables and fruit, could explain these discrepant epidemics of gastric cancer in Asian countries; however, further comprehensive epidemiological studies should be extended to clarify such a paradoxical feature. The incidence rate of gastric cancer in Japanese immigrants in Brazil is relatively high in the world, but slightly lower than that of the original Japanese in Japan. Probably variations of ecological background and additionally H. pylori epidemic patterns in Brazil influence the risk reduction of gastric cancer. When we discuss variations of risk factors for gastric cancer between Japanese and non-Japanese, comparative studies of the variations in genetic background in targeted groups is


The experiments have been carried out to investigate the effects of various cooking method on vitamin B12 in foods.It was previously reported that the loss of V.B12 in the liver by the several heating procedures was about 10-20%.In this paper as a successive trial, meat on the market was examined and the changes is V.B12 content by several heating procedures were traced. The heating procedures were similar to daily cooking methods conducted under a fixed condition. The most common method for microbiological assay was applied to measure the vitamin. As the micro-organism-germ, Lactbacillus leichmannii ATCC 7830 was employed.The result obtained were;(1) About 10% of V.B12 content was lost by the Sauting and Grilling procedures.(2) The loss in meat weight during heating was estimataed to be 24-30% in the Electronic Range procedures, but the loss in V.B12 was estimated as about 10%.(3) It was showed that boiled samples retained about 60-70% of the vitamin, while about 25-33% moved out into the extract-juice. The total loss of V.B12 by the boiling procedures was estimated to be 1-4%.(4) In regard of the loss of V.B12 in the different meats by the several heating procedures it was shown that the chicken-thigh tends to be deprived of somewhat more V.B12 than beefround and pork-ham.


Abstract The intense ethnic assertion of identity often translated into violence ‐ethnic cleansing ‐ can be largely explained as a consequence of the challenge to the project of modernity (economic development, justice, rule of law, the mass media, satellite technology and transport). Although ethnic cleansing itself is not a new phenomenon, developments in the mass media allow it to play a crucial role in influencing people in their perception of culture on an unprecedented scale. Hatred of the enemy, defined simply in ethnic or religious terms, is heightened through the use of television. Honour, glory, past mythology and ethnic nationalism are extolled, creating a predisposition for extreme arguments. Rape or sexual intimidation is extensively employed to terrorize and humiliate the ethnic enemy and explains the bitterness among combatants. The article considers its theoretical and methodological implications. First, all such crises need to be looked at in a global frame, those who share the religion o...


The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkyl substituted by halogen, lower alkoxy, or lower alkoxy substituted by halogen; R2 ishydrogen or lower alkyl; R3, R4 form together with the N-atom to which they are attached a non aromatic heterocyclic group, selected from R5 is hydrogen or halogen; R6 is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by cyano, halogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, CF3, -(CH2)2O-lower alkyl, C(O)-lower alkyl or C(O)O-lower alkyl, or is pyridinyl, unsubstituted or substituted by CF3, or is -C(O)-phenyl; R7 ishydrogen or lower alkoxy; R8 is phenyl, lower alkyl or -C(O)O-lower alkyl; R9 is hydrogen or S(O)2-lower alkyl; R10 is hydrogen or cycloalkyl; X is -CH2- or -C(O)-; p is 1 or 2; n is 1, 2 or 3; o is1 or 2; or to a pharmaceutically suitable acid addition salt thereof which are high potential NK-3 receptor antagonists for the treatment of depression, pain, psychosis, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).


I the name of efficiency and quality control, computers have been introduced into many aspects of organized health care. Most modern facilities boast computerized clinical record management (1) and data banks (2). The health care industry is a gold mine for software developers, who offer state-of-the-art programs for everything from basic medical texts (3,4) to diagnostic codes (5) and Clinical Outcome and Resource Monitoring (CORM) (6), now networked and available in English and Dutch, and currently being translated into German (7). In psychiatry, computer self-help is now available by screen or telephone in interactive voice-response programs. For depression management, computer interviews, diagnostic and assessment programs, and even computer therapies (8) have made their debut and have proven helpful in monitoring treatment response and determining outcomes. BT STEPS is an interactive voice-response program that helps individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder pinpoint, record, and rate triggers of their rituals and obsessions to prepare for subsequent treatment (9). However, integrating these disparate elements is very difficult. Standard coding systems and broadly accepted protocols for communication with local computer systems are needed. Web-based HTML programs may provide the solution (10). Results of laboratory examinations are often provided instantaneously on computer printouts that can be directly recorded in computerized patient records. But how well do physicians use significant laboratory data that have been so expertly and efficiently stored in cyberspace? Do abundant computer printouts actually facilitate improvement of patient care, or do they add to the attending physician's already daunting workload and cluttered desktop?


It is a very important academic rule to note the original place when citing from the original references.However,this paper is not adequate as the core argument and supporting evidence since it has misinterpreted the original works.In other words,the original works marked by the followers can not be used to judge the adequacy of references.


This paper presents a comparative analysis of different analytical methods for identification of vehicle inertial parameters. The effectiveness of four different identification methods namely Recursive Least Squares (RLS), Recursive Kalman Filter (RKF), Gradient, and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) for estimation of mass, moment of inertia and location of center of gravity of a vehicle is investigated. Requirements, capabilities and drawbacks of each method for real time applications are highlighted based on a comprehensive simulation analysis using CarSim. The Extended Kalman Filter method is shown to be the most reliable method for online identification of vehicle inertial parameters for active vehicle control, vehicle stability, and driver assistant systems.


Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is one of the most aggressive forms of corrosion leasing to infrastructure and equipment damage in various industries, including oil and gas, water systems, medical devices, marine environments, nuclear waste storage facilities, and aviation fuel systems and storage. During the last 10 year, PHMSA estimates that MIC has caused 503 internal corrosion incidents at a reported property damage of $188 million and a loss of 53,000 barrels of oil. Some common bacteria associated with MIC are sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), iron and CO2 reducing bacteria and iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria. SRB are generally considered the most aggressive group of bacteria in pipeline systems that causes MIC and pitting, especially of carbon steel in the oil and gas industry. SRB are facultative anaerobes and thrive in anoxic environments, using sulfate as a terminal electron acceptor and producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a metabolic byproduct. Furthermore, SRBs also can reduce both nitrate and thiosulfate and obtain their energy from organic nutrients, such as lactate.
 Electrochemical techniques to monitor for MIC focus on studying the electrochemical characteristics of the interface or mass transport properties of a system that are modified by the microbiological activities. Polarization sensors, such as the BIOX system or BioGeorge, use polarization based on a galvanic couple between a stainless steel electrode and a sacrificial anode. The measured galvanic current is proportional to biofilm that has grown on the electrode surface. Other electrochemical sensors use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) or amperometry to measure biofilm thickness by comparing the electrochemical signatures of a reference channel (without bacteria) to a measurement channel (exposed to bacteria); while sensors based on electrochemical resistance use linear polarization measurements to determine the amount of biofilm on an electrode surface. Electro hydrodynamical impedance has also been used to measure the diffusion coefficient in a biofilm and correlate to biofilm growth and thickness. While these approaches can accurately predict the presence and/or thickness of a biofilm on a metal surface, they cannot determine the risk of MIC associated with biofilm formation, as the presence of a biofilm does not necessarily mean that a surface experiences MIC. Additionally, many of the techniques are destructive or require visual examination of the surface after analysis.
 This work presents a split-chamber zero resistance ammetry (SC-ZRA)-based approach to overcome the limitations to MIC monitoring described above and serve as a screening system to determine the risk of MIC associated with certain microorganisms or groups of microorganisms. Previous work using a split-chamber approach to assess MIC was used by Daumus for the study of stainless steel corrosion in the presence of sulfate reducing bacteria, and subsequently used by Miller et al to evaluate MIC under aerobic, Fe (III)- and nitrate-reducing conditions. In this approach, two identical electrochemical cells (chambers) are separated by an ion-transport membrane. Each chamber contains an identical electrode of the same material which are electrically connected through a zero-resistance ammeter. When one of the chambers is inoculated with microorganisms, the galvanic current between the two electrodes is measured through the zero ammeter. This configuration mimics the microbiologically induced development of localized anodic and cathodic patches on a metal surface that leads to corrosion. The flow of electrons (difference in corrosion current between the two chambers) depends solely on the microbiological activities of bacteria in one of the two chambers, so the influence of the microorganisms on MIC, as well as the extent of corrosion, can be quantified.
 Using the SC-ZRA technique we were able to characterize the mechanism and electrochemical signatures of SRB corrosion. Specifically, we found that in split-chamber incubations containing an electron donor, electrons flow from the inoculated to the uninoculated chambers. While the current direction could be interpreted as electron transfer such as in a microbial fuel cell, these systems deploy inert graphite electrodes. When used for MIC characterization, the SC-ZRA uses reactive carbon steel electrodes. Indeed, when positive current was detected, greater corrosion was detected on WE1, which is consistent with redox couples, as well as previous work to characterize MIC using SC-ZRA measurements. After depletion of an electron donor, SRB uses electrons from the metals surface as an electron donor reversing the flow of electrons from the uninoculated to the inoculated chamber. In future work, this technique can be used to provide a mechanistic understanding and a monitoring tool for corrosion of metals that are exposed to SRB under a variety of redox regimes.


Dauphin Island, Alabama is a barrier island located in the Gulf of Mexico that supports local residence, tourism, commercial infrastructure, and the historical Fort Gaines. During the past decade the island has been impacted by several major hurricanes (Ivan, 2004; Katrina, 2005; Isaac, 2012). This, in addition to ongoing sea level rise, presents a continued threat to island stability. In an effort to properly restore and provide longer-term island resilience to future storms and sea-level rise, state and federal managers are taking a scientific investigative approach to identify the best options available to help formulate and implement a long-term plan for the Island s protection. Island morphology, including current seafloor and shoreline bathymetry data, is one of several aspects being investigated and funded through a grant from National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Gulf Environmental Benefit Fund. In August 2015, the United States Geological Survey Saint Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS SPCMSC) in cooperation with the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the state of Alabama conducted bathymetric surveys of the nearshore waters surrounding Dauphin Island. This data release only includes the single-beam data collected by the USGS.
 This USGS data release provides 1,165-line kilometers (km) of processed single-beam bathymetry (SBB) data collected by the USGS SPCMSC under the Field Activity Number (FAN) 2015-326-FA. This FAN encompasses four subFANs each of which represents one survey vessel; the RV Sallenger (15BIM10), the RV Jabba Jaw (15BIM11), the RV Shark (15BIM12), and the RV Chum (15BIM13). This data release provides SBB point data (x,y,z) in three datums: 1) the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2000 (ITRF00) and ellipsoid height (-47.04 meters (m) to -29.36 m); 2) the North American Datum 1983 in the CORS96 realization (NAD83 (CORS96)) for the horizontal and the North American Vertical Datum 1988 (NAVD88) for the vertical (-0.24 m to -17.33 m); and 3) NAD83 (CORS96) for the horizontal, and Mean Low or Lower Water (MLLW) for the vertical (-0.12 m to -17.93 m). Additional files include trackline shapefiles, respective digital and handwritten field logs, and a comprehensive 50-meter Digital Elevation Model (DEM).


The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MiRS) algorithm has been producing retrieval products from NOAA‐20 Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) data since shortly after launch in late 2017. Retrieval products from the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (SNPP) ATMS data have been similarly available since 2012. Among the products routinely generated is Total Precipitable Water (TPW), based on the vertical integral of the MiRS retrieved water vapor profile. In this study, TPW data from NOAA‐20 ATMS have been the subject of an in‐depth evaluation. The evaluation included characterization of dependence on orbital node (ascending/descending), season, surface type, scan angle, and meridional (zonally averaged) variation. Due to the similarity between NOAA‐20 and SNPP derived TPW, the emphasis here is on the NOAA‐20 evaluation. The globally averaged values of TPW for 2019 are 25.41 and 25.39 mm from NOAA‐20 and SNPP ATMS, respectively, for combined orbits (ascending and descending). For combined orbits, the bias and standard deviation of MiRS NOAA‐20 ATMS TPW with respect to European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts/Global Data Assimilation System (ECMWF/GDAS) analyses are 0.79/1.76 mm and 3.65/3.55 mm, respectively, at 10°N where part of annual mean Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is located, while at 40°N, corresponding bias and standard deviation values are 0.84/0.67 mm and 3.00/2.55 mm, respectively. The yearly averaged horizontal distribution of MiRS TPW retrieved from NOAA‐20 ATMS is highly correlated with that of ECMWF and GDAS analyses data, with a correlation coefficient of ∼1.