Motivation: Cancer is the second death cause worldwide and its economic impact on the health system is significant and increasing yearly. There are some well known factors, like metastasis and proliferation, that are key in the progression of this disease. Previous loss of function studies performed in Drosophila melanogaster brought to scene some genes that showed to increase proliferation in a Rasv12 tumorogenic background. One of them is CG31393, which codifies for cadherin 86C, Cad 86C. Cadherins are key proteins in cell-to-cell adhesion processes and some studies showed their relevance in cell migration,
proliferation and tumor development.
Methods: The role of the Cad 86C during both development and cancer has not been studied. In this work, we have used Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to analyse the consecuences of supressing Cad 86C function on the proliferative
and metastatic behaviour of Rasv12 tumor cells, using two specific cell populations: 1) epithelial cells that form the primordium of the wing, the imaginal wing disc, and endodermal cells of the larvae intestine. To knock down Cad 86C, we have utilized two
different approaches: 1) expression of specific Cad86C RNAis and 2) isolation of a mutant via targeted mutation through CRISPR Cas9 technology. To analyse the phenoytpe due to Cad 86C knockdown and more specifically its potential as a tumor suppressor, we have used 3D imaging and image analyzing methods, to determine and quantify proliferation or
metastaci behaviour of the two cell populations mentioned above.
Results: Expression of RNAis against Cad 86C in RasV12 tumorogenic wing imaginal disc cells and gut endodermal cells seem to increase their proliferative capacity. However, preliminary results suggest it does not seem to increase their metastatic
behaviour. The isolation of mutants in Cad 86C, in progress, will allow us to confirm these results, by analysing the behaviour of RasV12 tumor cells in a background mutant for Cad 86C.
Conclusions: Knckdown of Cad 86C seem to increase the proliferative capacity of RasV12 tumor cells but it has not effect on
their metastatic behaviour.


Enterovirus 71(EV71)is a highly infectious major causative agent of hand-foot-mouth disease,which could lead to severe neurological complications and high mortality levels.Currently,there is no effective antiviral therapy against EV71 infections.This paper reviews about the antiviral drus,vaccine and RNA interference strategy which were exploited to treat the infection of EV71.

Key words:
Hand,foot and mouth disease; Enterovirus 71; Therapy; Vaccine; RNA interference


The type and the distribution of mucous cells in thedigestive of Sipunculan were observed and analyzed by using AB-PAS (alcine blue and periodic acid schiff's reaction) in this paper for the first time. The result showed the mucous cells in the digestive of Phascolosoma pacificum Keferstein mainly distributed in the epithelium and could be divided into 4 types: typeⅠ, pure red; type Ⅱ, pure blue; type Ⅲ, purplish blue; type Ⅳ, bluish purple color.Except for the inferior segment of the descending intestine, the rest portions of the digestive were all covered with mucous cells, meanwhile the mucous cells had different types and densities in the different parts. There were a plenty of mucous cells, included the four types mentioned above, appeared in pharynx, most of which belonged to type Ⅳ. The mucous cells in the esophagus were mainly type Ⅳ, and it was also founded that the number of the mucous cells decreased from the anterior to the posterior gradually. There were also a plenty of mucous cells in the superior segment of the descending intestine, which mainly belonged to typeⅡand type Ⅳ; in the inferior segment of the ascending intestine, there merely existed typeⅠwith a small amount; and in the superior segment of the ascending intestine, the quantity of the mucous cell increased, most of which was type Ⅱ.The quantity of the mucous cells distributed in the rectum was the largest,and the whole epithelium of the rectum were covered with type Ⅱ.


Inspired by [Pan22], we give a new proof that for an overconvergent modular eigenform $f$ of weight $1+k$ with $k\in\mathbb{Z}_{\ge1}$, assuming that its associated global Galois representation $\rho_{f}$ is irreducible, then $f$ is classical if and only if $\rho_{f}$ is de Rham at $p$. For the proof, we prove that theta operator $\theta^{k}$ coincides with Fontaine operator in a suitable sense.


Objective To open out new method,we probe into immune function ofγδST and NKT cells in NSCLC.Methods The peripheral blood cells were stained with antibodies labeled with fluorescence in NSCLC,γδT,NKT and their set group cells were counted with flow cytometry.Results The absolute counts ofγδT,CD~+_(56)γδT,CD~-_(56)γδT,NKT andγδT~+ NKT cells in NSCLC was significantly lower than that of normal controls.The relative counts of NKT,γδT~+ NKT,γδT~-NKT and CD~+_56γδT cells in NSCLC was not sig- nificantly lower than that of normal control.The absolute counts ofγδT cells in NSCLC positively correlated to the number of NKT cells,(r=0.426,P=0.009).Conclusion The absolute counts ofγδT,NKT and their set ground cells in NSCLC was significantly lower than that of normal controls.In NSCLC the relation of theγδT and NKT had positive correlation.


1Mechanical Engineering Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia 2Design & Production Engineering Department, Ain Shams University, Egypt 3Production Engineering Department, Alexandria University, Egypt email@example.com – Phone: +966592244888 Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia Abstract-Austenitic stainless steel types AISI304 and AISI316 are material characterised by their high ductility and toughness. In this paper, the deformation characteristics of AISI316 and AISI304 stainless steel are investigated in a temperature range of 850-1050 °C and strain rate range of 0.001-0.1 s using dilatometer hot compression tests. The tests aimed at producing hot processing map and TEM images of the alloys. Based on the deformation results, an empirical model is used to predict the behaviour of both alloys in terms of the stress/strain characteristics and the recrystallization dynamics. The developed model is considered to be a very good tool which can be used to predict the materials characteristics under predefined deformation conditions.


Poverty has always been an important problem that persecutes sustainable regional development, especially for the less developed areas. Adopting methods of mathematical statistics and ArcGIS spatial analysis, regarding city as research unit, the paper does research on spatial distribution characteristics of income and poverty in Inner Mongolia in 2016. The results show that: (1) The spatial characteristics of per capita disposable income of overall, urban and rural residents in City show that West high East low from east to west, south high north low from south to north and slight drop in the middle. (2) The polarization of per capita disposable income between urban and rural areas is not serious, but poverty areas are more and poverty is more serious on the whole. Keywords—poverty space; income distribution; Inner Mongolia


Minimal realizations of direct, parallel, and cascade digital filters are presented. The canonical realizations are developed by assigning circuit elements to represent the computational operations in the difference equations or transfer functions characterizing the digital tutors. The number of circuit elements (adders, multipliers, and delayers), and the number of constants and variables, and arithmetic operations (additions and multiplications) are noted. The costs of the three realizations are compared and systematic procedures for realizing minimal digital filters arc indicated.


Nicotine addiction is a gripping and multifaceted disease that is increasing in our global population. Nicotine addiction, like other drug addictions, is characterized by compulsive and repetitive use, elicits an abstinence syndrome when it is withdrawn, and is used despite the psychological and physiological negative health consequences to the individual. Researchers are now identifying biochemical, metabolic, genetic, psychological, gender, racial, and environmental factors that support individuals initiating nicotine products and their continued consumption. Smoking cessation efforts are vital to preserve the health of smokers. In 1996, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research published guidelines on smoking cessation interventions for clinicians based on an extensive review of the literature. The treatment options recommended for nicotine addiction include self-help interventions, behavioral modalities, and pharmacologic therapies. Data support that a combination of interventions are commonly mo...


INTRODUCTION The cultural heritage of Turkey, as of many countries, is being destroyed rapidly either by natural forces or by various human activities. The quantity of material surviving from the past is finite and, once lost, cannot be replaced. Since the past is owned by us all, it is a matter of public concern that appropriate measures should be taken to ensure that this loss is controlled [1]. Today every nation has laws in some form or another that govern archaeology, and there is also a growing body of international law and conventions to protect and preserve our archaeological heritage, a goal that is now widely accepted. On the other hand, it is not possible to trace what has been destroyed or what is still to be preserved as there is no accurate and complete inventory of archaeological sites. The TAY Project (The Archaeological Settlements of Turkey) was started in 1993 with the aim of collecting information on and documenting all archaeological sites of Turkey settlements, monuments, cemeteries, tumuli and ancient cities. The project also sought to recommend the preservation and conservation of archaeological sites. Turkey does not have a complete, comprehensive inventory of its archaeological sites. Documentation and archive studies are almost non-existent. The results of surveys and excavations since the first half of the 19th century are extremely scarce and those that do exist are inaccessible. Moreover, there is no accurate information on the location and the present state of sites, quite a number of which have been victims of destruction or infrastructure development. The distribution of information about, and the protection and conservation of, archaeological sites is not possible without complete, accurate, accessible and updated documentation. Today, the most important tasks are (1) collection of existing data, through an extensive library survey, accurate documentation and meticulous inventory studies; and (2) the recording of all sites known from excavations and surveys, including those identified using new technologies, such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS). The TAYProject is the first attempt at documenting and sharing information for all archaeological settlements in Turkey. This paper aims to introduce the TAYProject and explain how the archaeological sites of Turkey will be documented.


Our goals are to better understand dog cognition, and to support others who share this interest. Existing investigation methods predominantly rely on human-manipulated experiments to examine dogs' behavioral responses to visual stimuli such as human gestures. As a result, existing experimental paradigms are usually constrained to in-lab environments and may not reveal the dog's responses to real-world visual scenes. Moreover, visual signals pertaining to dog behavioral responses are empirically derived from observational evidence, which can be prone to subjective bias and may lead to controversies. We aim to overcome or reduce the existing limitations of dog cognition studies by investigating a challenging issue: identifying the visual signal(s) from dog eye motion that can be utilized to infer causal explanations of its behaviors, namely estimating causal attention. To this end, we design a deep learning framework named Causal AtteNtIon NEtwork (CANINE) to unveil the dogs' causal attention mechanism, inspired by the recent advance in causality analysis with deep learning. Equipped with CANINE, we developed the first eyewear device to enable inference on the vision-related behavioral causality of canine wearers. We demonstrate the technical feasibility of the proposed CANINE glasses through their application in multiple representative experimental scenarios of dog cognitive study. Various in-field trials are also performed to demonstrate the generality of the CANINE eyewear in real-world scenarios. With the proposed CANINE glasses, we collect the first large-scale dataset, named DogsView, which consists of automatically generated annotations on the canine wearer's causal attention across a wide range of representative scenarios. The DogsView dataset is available online to facilitate research.


Hunting is an important element in the protection of the natural environment and biodiversity. Demographic changes and people's distance from nature are causing society to polarize their perception of hunting. Some have ''Bambi Syndrome'' and others so-called ''Nature Deficit disorder''. Factors shaping attitude toward hunting are: sex, age and place of residence: girls and city based children are generally against hunting. Future of wildlife management models largely depends on the attitudes of people towards it in the coming decades. This attitudes are shaping by many different factors but it is lack of knowledge about it. For this purpose, the attitude of young people to hunting should be thoroughly and multidimensionally examined.


Details are given for the preparation of low molecular weight copolymers of isobutyl methacrylate and styrene for use in mounting microscopical sections between the slide and cover glass. Any refractive index in the range from 1.477 to 1.590 is available, depending upon the proportions of monomers used. A refractive index of 1.550 is recommended for general purposes, though other indices might be desirable in special cases including phase microscopy. The resin gives solutions in toluene of suitable fluidity at usable concentrations, adheres satisfactorily to glass, and has excellent light-transmission. The features which make it especially valuable are its optimum refractive index and its permanent water-whiteness.Copolymers of isobutyl methacrylate and styrene may also be used to prepare plastic mounts of thick sections or gross specimens, which are optically cleared by the plastic mountant.


We preview empirical work by the European Corporate Governance Network on the size of block shareholdings in Europe. The most salient "nding is the extraordinarily high degree of concentration of shareholder voting power in Continental Europe relative to the U.S.A. and the U.K. Thus the relationship between large controlling shareholders and weak minority shareholders is at least as important to understand as the more commonly studied interface between management and dispersed shareholders. ( 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classixcation: G31; G34


Sclerodermus sp.(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae) is one of the few known natural enemies of pine sawyer,Monochamus alternatus(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae).An experiment was carried out on controlling the larva of M.alternatus by using a parasitoid,Sclerodermus sp.The results are as follows.Laboratory experiment indicated that the parasitoid could kill 95.66% of the 1st instar larvae,85.91% of the 2nd instar larvae,and 57.88% of the 3rd instar larva of pine sawyer by stinging and host-feeding(by predation).In addition,the bethylid could parasitize its host and complete a generation on the 2nd-3rd instar of its host larvae(by parasitism);the response of this parasitoid to its host,in field and indoor mesh,showed to be highly variable and unpredictable and between 2.3% and 14.9% of all parasitoids released and entered a target pine sawyer-infested cutlog.The parasitoid did not respond differently to aggregations of 1,3,or 6 pine sawyer-infested cutlogs.However,the efficiency of Sclerodermus sp.released as carrying immature eggs of parasitized hosts was up to approximately five times higher than that when the parasitoid was released as carrying mature eggs.An individual parasitoid killed 2.1 to 7.7 pine sawyer larva by a combination of predation and parasitism on the average.The host-feeding characteristics of Sclerodermus sp.offer an important impact in the biological control for the use of this parasitoid.


The article highlights the importance of examining the explanatory contributions of migration status, social isolation, and perceived social support in studying the impact of the pandemic on older immigrant women's experiences of loneliness and stigmatization. In this study, the co-researchers interviewed 15 Syrian women in Gaziantep and 6 British women in Muğla using in-depth interviews and observational techniques. It suggests that loneliness is experienced differently by older immigrant women depending on their position such as ethnicity, faith, class. It also shows that individualistic and collectivistic views of life lead to differences in the experience and perception of loneliness and social isolation during the Covid 19 process. The intersection of factors such as gender, ethnicity, and immigration led to different patterns of stigmatization, especially among Syrian immigrant women. Recognizing that the pandemic is not only a health crisis but also a social crisis, the study provides insights into the manifestations that experiences at the intersection of age, femininity, and immigration can and do take on during social crises.


Four aromatic dinitro compounds containing oxyethylene units 1,2-bis(4-nitrophenoxy)ethane, bis(2)-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethyl ether, 1,2-bis(2)-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethoxy)ethane, and bis(2-(2-(4-nitrophenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) ether were prepared by an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction that involved 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene and the appropriate oxyethylene glycol. Each of the dinitro compounds could be reduced chemically or catalytically to produce the diamines 1,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy)ethane, bis(2-(4-amino-phenoxy)ethyl ether, 1,2-bis(2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy)ethane, and bis(2-(2-(4-aminophenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl) ether. Polymerization of the diamines was carried out in m-cresol with toluene as an azeotroping agent. Polymides derived from 5,5′-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene]bis-1,3-isobenzofuradione exhibited good solubility in chlorinated solvents, glass transition temperatures as low as 140°C, as evidenced by viscous flow, and good thermal stability; a 5% weight loss generally occured at greater than 450°C. Isothermal aging studies conducted at 600°F(315°C) for 200 h indicated that weight loss is directly related to oxyalkylene chain length–10% for the shortest and 50% for the longest chain.


Aiming at influence of noise and interference in computer control in process of automatic cane-sugar bowking,based on the technology of supersaturated and non-contact microwave sensing detection and wireless data transmission,this paper puts forward the technical scheme of noise cancellation,and researches into double-treating data sampling,which adopts cubical smoothing algorithm with five-point approximation.Field tests prove it has good performance.This scheme is effective and has important value for designing new product line and advancing the technique of cane sugar manufacture.


In fuzzification problems the shape of the membership function plays an important role. For the application of a fuzzy controller in industry, the TPE system is widely used. The important characteristics of it is that it is straightforward, efficient and independent of the number of rules. Nevertheless, from the point of view of statistics, a Gaussian membership function can better fit one's intuition. When realizing the outside world, people often characterize their thinking process as a normal distribution. In the paper, good results have been obtained on a boiler by using a fuzzy control methodology with a GPE (Gaussian partition with evenly spaced midpoints) system.


Viewing from the economic character of enterprise's competence, though the discrepancy and irreplication which make an enterprise possessing competitive advantages, they cannot keep these advantages all along. If only it relies on and integrates with the environment in order to seek the balance between present and dynamic capability, this company could obtains sustainable competitive advantages.


What made smart houses scary in 1909 makes them now essential. What made smart houses scary in 1909 makes them now essential.


Based on the GEANT4 toolkit and an X ray machine whose maximum tube voltage was 225 kV,the characteristic changes of the gain,the detection efficiency and also the spatial resolution of the X-ray detector were studied through the working voltage and geometric parameters of the micro-channel plate under different incident energies.It can provide a reference for practical application.Study confirms that the micro-channel plate detector can meet the requirement of industrial CT system proving the following settings are met:the micro pore diameter of20μm,length to diameter ratio of 40,the opening area of 60%,angle of 8°,working voltage of 970 Vand the working environment of vacuum degree 10-3 Pa.


In this paper the method of calculation of the sloping shells, which is based on the non-linear programming method is used. The method of coordinate-wise descent is used for solving of the problem of minimizing the system's total potential energy on a finite space of admissible displacements. To construct a finite-dimensional problem a triangular finite elements were choosed for a sloping shell. The convergence of solutions has been investigated.


The ultrasonic probe of an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus (1) (3), an acceleration sensor that outputs acceleration information for determining the angle of the ultrasonic probe while diagnosis on the subject (5) is provided. Acceleration information is converted angle conversion section by (11) the angle information of the ultrasonic probe. Diagnosis The ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus (1), a monitor for displaying a diagnostic image of a subject obtained by the ultrasonic probe (3) (4) is provided, this monitor (4), which were selected at the time of diagnosis Body mark (16) in accordance with the mode, angle positioned probe icon corresponding to the angle information (15) is displayed to the body mark (16). Thereby, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus capable of displaying the angle of the ultrasonic probe while diagnosis on the subject is provided.


The Government of India (GoI) has taken major initiatives to accelerate the development and implementation of e-Governance and to create right environments for introducing G2G, G2B, G2E and G2C services within the country. The National Policy on Open Standards for e-Governance provides a set of guidelines for the uniform and reliable implementation of e-Governance solutions. It has been designed to ensure seamless interoperability of various solutions developed by multiple agencies. It also aims to improve the technology choices available and avoid vendor lock-in.


This paper introduces mainly expense settlement pattern concerning hospitalization service delivery in designated hospital of Jianghan oilfield,analyzes the factors making expense for medical insurance rise too fast and proposes a suggestion on further improving the settlement pattern.


The article aims to study the determinants of the energy policy implementation process from risks and danger perspectives by building the risk management system model. The research methodology is based on the application of the risk map to the energy policy. Our results confirmed that the risk map could be applied in the energy industry to identify the risks and to implement the energy policy risk management system model which will prevent critical uncertainties and risk structure, identified from the risk map as well as bring the energy industry to the future state by implementing scenarios and strategies, developed by the World Energy Council. The research limitations are that the main limits are concerned with the lack of the evaluation results of the energy policy risks aimed for the system management of the changes which these risks may introduce. No empirical study has been conducted. The application of the risk map is related in a major part to the enterprise level with financial and technical purposes of changes. In the research we made an


The article is devoted to practical aspects of implementation of communication strategies by the state agencies of foreign countries. The emphasized that current globalization processes in the information area, which take place in the international arena, actualize the introduction of effective communications, which play an important role in the internal and external interaction of state agencies with the public. In the article was emphasized that in order to systematically and clearly cover the activities of state agencies, as well as the objective perception and understanding of the population of the processes implemented in the field of public policy, informing the public about planned government initiatives, communication strategies are actively implemented. Also noted that in the countries of the European Union (hereinafter – the EU) communications are considered by the national institutions as a tool for foreign and security policy, international cooperation in the format of strategic partnership with a leading international target audience and regional cooperation with European countries. The authors determined the main tasks of realization of external and internal communications of state institutions. In particular, the ways of realization of communications by the state agencies in Norway, Great Britain and Estonia. The preference of modern advanced information communications in ensuring the interaction of state agencies and the public are outlined. As today society exists in the world of global communication, which includes not only traditional media, periodicals or television, but also social networks, information and communication interaction is becoming more important. Most foreign countries use popular social networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube and others. It is concluded that the establishment of comprehensive, clear and strategic communication of state authorities of Ukraine with the international and national community, taking into account foreign experience and basic principles of government communication, is important for building a democratic state.


American health care spending is at an all-time high. The U.S. spends more than any other developed nation on health care, yet health outcomes are far from reciprocal. Americans are not inherently less healthy nor do they utilize more care than peer nations. Rather, the crux of the problem rests in the system itself. Previous efforts to reform federal policy have either failed or fallen short. All solutions involve trade-offs, and true reform in health care policy needs to contain costs, improve quality and ensure access. With these in mind, I have established six (6) policy-based recommendations: 1) universal health coverage, 2) price transparency measures, 3) increased primary and public health investment, 4) emphasis on women's and sexual health, 5) reduction in the cost of expensive care and/or technology utilization and 6) end-of-life care reform. These prescriptive policies have potential to not only save money but also save lives.


It is widely believed that a single hole in the two (or three) dimensional t-J model, for sufficiently small exchange coupling J, creates a ferromagnetic bubble around itself, a finite J remnant of the ferromagnetic groundstate at J=0 (the infinite U Hubbard model), first established by Nagaoka. We investigate this phenomenon in two dimensions using the density matrix renormalization group, for system sizes up to 9x9. We find that the polaron forms for J/t<0.02-0.03 (a somewhat larger value than estimated previously). Although finite-size effects appear large, our data seems consistent with the expected 1.1(J/t)^{-1/4} variation of polarion radius. We also test the Brinkman-Rice model of non-retracing paths in a Neel background, showing that it is quite accurate, at larger J. Results are also presented in the case where the
Heisenberg interaction is dropped (the t-J^z model). Finally we discuss a "dressed polaron" picture in which the hole propagates freely inside a finite region but makes only self-retracing excursions outside this region.


The Paddy-Cattle Integrated Farming System (PCIFS) is one of the dominant farming systems in the dry zone, Sri Lanka which contributes to the well-being of small-scale farmers. These systems are subjected to high risk and uncertainty uttered by poor productivity and food insecurity related issues. Hence, the study aimed at investigating the impacts of adoption for sustainable agricultural practices on household food security in PCIFS in Anuradhapura district. A survey was employed to gather data from 300 randomly selected paddy-cattle integrated farmers. Descriptive and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Farming experience, age of respondents, income from milk, awareness on sustainable agricultural practices, training participation and gender were identified as the factors affecting the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. Further, household income ( p <0.1), age, farming experience, and adoption for sustainable agricultural practices significantly ( p <0.05) affected on the Food Consumption Score while household size ( p <0.1), access to credits, and adoption for sustainable agricultural practices significantly ( p <0.05) influenced the Household Food Insecurity Access Score. The study concludes that the adoption for sustainable agricultural practices ensure sustainable and food secured farming systems in the Anuradhapura district. The results suggest the importance of promoting sustainable agricultural practices among the paddy-cattle integrated farmers.


b. Methods. To examine the quality of the science used in high-profile sources on the question of vaccines and autism, an objective evaluation score (OES) was designed that provides a rapid, reproducible assessment of any retrospective or prospective clinical study focused on vaccine safety. The OES was determined for forty-eight "Key Studies" on the question of vaccines and autism association present to the President of United States in 2017, and on the question of the safety of thimerosal us in vaccines present by the US CDC as representative.


The permanently manned Space Station scheduled to be operational in low earth by the mid 1990's, will provide accommodations for science, applications, technology, and commercial users, and will develop enabling capabilities for future missions. A major aspect of the baseline Space Station design is that provisions for evolution to greater capabilities are included in the systems and subsystems designs. User requirements are the basis for conceptual evolution modes or infrastructure to support the paths. Four such modes are discussed in support of a Human to Mars mission, along with some of the near term actions protecting the future of supporting Mars missions on the Space Station. The evolution modes include crew and payload transfer, storage, checkout, assembly, maintenance, repair, and fueling.


In Colombia, educational institutions have the School Environmental Project (RESP) established by decree since 1994. But it notes that the dynamics of each institution CEM1D a systemic approach does not handle, but the atmosphere is in parts, which has the consequence that the RESP generally only address the problem of solid waste, leaving aside other important impacts on the environment. That is why this project aims to see the atmosphere of a systemic way and to this end, will work with the pedagogical theory Modifiability Structural Cognitive to transform the thinking of people who make up the Educational Corporation Minuto de Dios (CEMID). For this, a review of the behavior and actions being undertaken by the institutions CEMID in contrast to the national and institutional parameters and taking into account the suggestions of resolution 5999 of 2010 of the District Department of Enviromnent will be held and Eco schools -schools in Europe and Mexico, will proceed to generate the Participatory Guarantee System for Environmental Education Corporation Minuto de Dios. It will be supported and this document will be left in the CEMID, through which it aims to encourage schools and children's homes to be implemented in its PEI and institutional RESP, forging that creditors of the awards are made and create in their institutions System Environmental participatory Guarantee by the Educational Corporation Minuto de Dios.


【In this paper, the theory of pulse frequency modulated DC/DC power converter to obtain constant output voltage for all input voltage changes is discussed. The switch controller consisting of integrator and comparator determines the ON time of power switch-Thyristor-by the error between the load voltage and a load reference voltage. Resulting voltage and current waveforms have been studied theoretically in detail and verified experimentally for a resistive and inductive load condition. State equations for voltages and currents using binary logic variables are computed by digital computer. Comparison of these withe oscillograms obtained from an experimental model shows very close agreement.】


Cancer metastasis is the end result of a complex series of biological events that lead to the formation of clinically significant secondary tumors at distant sites. Clinical evidence demonstrates that such sites are not randomly located, and certain malignant tumors show a tendency to develop metastases in specific organs (e.g., brain, liver, and lungs).1 However, an appropriate animal model to characterize the hematogenous nature (i.e., originating in blood) of transplantable human-cancer-cell lines is not available for metastatic cells, while profiling data of hematogenous metastasis has not attracted sufficient scientific attention to improve understanding. Recent advances in bioluminescent-imaging (BLI)2 technologies have facilitated quantitative analysis of cellular processes in vivo. BLI reporters have significant signal-to-noise ratios in mammalian tissues, and emitted-light signals can be quantified in intact animals using noninvasive assays. To obtain profiling data of the metastatic fate in human transplantable tumorcell lines, we have been generating a luciferase-expressing human-cancer-cell library (including melanoma, colon, breast, and prostate cancer) since mid-2007. (Luciferase is an enzyme present in the cells of bioluminescent organisms that produces light by catalyzing the oxidation of luciferin and adenosine triphosphate, ATP, a nucleotide found in the mitochondria of all plant and animal cells.) We created these cells using a retroviral gene-transfer technique. In the presence of D-luciferin, as few as 50 luciferase-transduced cells can be detected in vitro against the background's linear-dose-dependent output of light. Although expression levels among cell lines are not always the same, selected cells provide sufficient numbers of photons in vivo for real-time luminescent imaging. Figure 1. Representative metastatic images of human-cancer-cell lines in nonobese diabetic/severe combined-immunodeficiency mice. Luciferase-expressing cells were injected into the left cardiac ventricle under fine-ultrasonography guidance. In and ex vivo bioluminescence imaging was conducted for (left) HT-29 colon and (middle) MDA-MB231 breast cancer, and (right) Mewo melanoma cells 30–40 days after tumor implantation. (right) Black dots in the brain represent metastasis of Mewo cells.


With the development of technology continues to improve, a number of domestic and foreign basin began commercial shale oil and gas exploration [Bustin R M, 2005; Ronald J H, et al; Guan Deshi, et al, 1995]. Bonan depression of Jiyang sag has 9 wells obtained industrial oil flow in lower Es3 layer shale. And L42 well has been produced crude oil for 13465 tons. That shows good exploration prospects of shale oil and gas in Bonan depression. But because the study of the shale oil and gas exploration is district started late and analysis data are lack, therefore there has not conducted in-depth evaluation on shale. In 2010, about 9000 piece of shale cores of L69 are analysis, which provides a foundation for the comprehensive evaluation of shale.


This work deals with overview of methods of thermal analysis and their use in quality con-trol of foods. The samples of different kinds of food were measured by DTA/TG analyzer to investigate their thermal stability, purity and structure.Measured food samples were cho-sen to represent the main components in foods- lipids, proteins and fats.


Abstract When a large pitch cholesteric is held between parallel glass plates a distance d apart, near the isotropic transition, a characteristic striped pattern appears. The distance between stripes is about the half pitch p oo/2 (providing d > p oo) and the texture has no measurable optical rotatory power. It does not appear if d ≤ p oo. Assuming that the molecules lie in planes perpendicular to the glass plates and twist uniformly in the interior of the sample about an axis parallel to the glass plates, we have solved the Frank equation(1) when tangential (or homoeotropic) boundary conditions are applied. The solution predicts a lattice of χ(2) disclinations at the surface of the sample, the distance between the χ's being related to the half-pitch. We have found that this configuration is not stable within a distance p o/4 (d∼p o) of the disclination and we suggest that this results in the splitting of the χ into a λ and a τ.(2) This latter configuration appears to adequately explain the experimentally...


In the spring of 1762 a small French squadronl under the command of Captain CharlesHenri-Louis d'Arsac de Ternay successfully evaded the British fleet blockading Brest and set off across the Atlantic for St John's to disrupt the Newfoundland fishery. On their arrival, the 732 troops on board the French ships, under the command ofComte de Haussonville landed at Bay Bulls on June 24 and had little difficulty in capturing St John's three days later as it was defended by only 63 British troops. Captain Charles Douglas, who was cruising off Cape Race at the time in the Syren, 24 guns, pressed two merchant ships into service on hearing of this misfortune. He sent the Williams to Halifax with news of this disaster and put his master, Peter Burne, on board the Bonetta, who succeeded in intercepting the Antelope, 54 guns, Captain Thomas Graves, the Governor of Newfoundland, who was conveying the annual fleet of West Country fishing vesselsacross the Atlantic to St John's. Graves then made for Placentia, a place of some importance on the eastern side of Placentia Bay, to strengthen its defences, where he was joined by Douglas who had done the same at Ferryland.


Preface. 1. A Remarkable Convergence. 2. Moral Purpose. 3. Understanding Change. 4. Relationships, Relationships, Relationships. 5. Knowledge Building. 6. Coherence-Making. 7. The Hare and the Tortoise. References. Index. About the Author.


Because of globalization, cultural-specific organizational behavior rooted in local cultural origins has received more and more research attention. Compared to the tremendous achievement of organizational behavior research in a Western context, research progress on Chinese organizational behavior is still in its infancy. In this article, we argue that a popular cross-cultural research approach cannot lead to a deep understanding of Chinese organizational behavior. Instead, a full-cycle indigenous research approach has to be employed. Taking the development of the paternalistic leadership model in the Chinese organization context as an example, we illustrate how to apply empirically the full-cycle indigenous approach to organizational research and discuss the implications of such an approach for organizational behavior studies in the age of globalization.


Introduction: All of us start elderly from our birth. This process doesn't stop or reverse but we can postpone it by appropriate caring and minimizing habits which lead to faster elderly by using suitable methods. Methodology: In this study researcher use systematic review method in a purposeful way and focusing on research question, so retrieving, evaluating and consolidating searched required information.  Findings: The results of analyzing the data of 13 selected papers in regards to the research question indicates that different methods exist for teaching self-care to patients. These methods are summarized in three categories: 1- teaching by nurses 2- prevocational interviews and 3- changing teaching methods from traditional to modern. Conclusion: Informing and educating the traditional nursing education using new technologies (computers and internet), applications (video doctrine itself) and participating in educational and counseling programs are important for self-care education and changes in the behavior of the elderly. Keyword: Teaching, Learning, Elderly, Self-care Keywords : Teaching, Learning, Elderly, Self-care


Abstract To determine possible sources of artifacts arising in collecting volatile flavors from dehydrated dairy products, a study was made of contributions derived from the components of a high-vacuum collection procedure. Volatiles from 115cm 2 of silicone high vacuum grease, Apiezon-N grease, or Teflon gaskets, collected on a liquid nitrogen-cooled condenser by holding each material for 3 hr at 25C and 1- μ pressure, when added to 200ml of milk, were undetected by a trained taste panel. Under the same conditions, volatiles from silicone, neoprene, and buna-N gaskets and O-rings were easily detected, lowering the flavor score of the milk pronouncedly. Viton O-rings produced a borderline effect: 115cm 2 of material lowered the flavor score of milk slightly, while the volatiles from 57cm 2 could not be detected. The recovery process had a generally deleterious effect on dried whole milk. The magnitude of this effect varied from barely detectable with some powders to quite definite with one powder. This effect was shown to depend on the hydration of the powder, being absent when nonhydrated powders were treated otherwise identically.


Terminology. PA is Peano Arithmetic, classical first-order arithmetic with induction. ⌈A⌉ is the formal numeral in PA for the Gödel number of A. – A is the negation of A, (A&B) is the conjunction of A and B, and Bew(x) is the usual provability predicate for PA. neg(x), conj(x, y), bicond(x, y), and bew(x) are terms of PA such that for all sentences A and B of PA ⊢PA, neg(˹A˺) = ˹−A˺ ⊢PA Conj(˹A˺, ˹B˺)= ˹(A&B)˺ ⊢PA bicond(˹A˺, ˹B˺)= ˹(A ↔ B)˺, and ⊢PA bew(˹A˺) = ˹Bew(˹A˺)˺. T is the sentence '0 = 0' and Con is the usual sentence expressing the consistency of PA. If A (x) is any formula of PA, then a fixed point of A(x) is a sentence S such that ⊢PAS ↔ A(˹S˺). (It is well known that every formula of PA with one free variable has a fixed point.) The P-terms are defined inductively by: the variable x is a P-term; if t(x) and u(x) are P-terms, so are neg(t(x)), conj(t(x), u(x)), and bew(t(x)). A basic P-formula is a formula Bew(t(x)), where t(x) is a P-term; and a P-formula is a truth-functional combination of basic P-formulas. An F-sentence is a member of the smallest class that contains Con and contains −A, (A&B), and −Bew(˹−A˺) whenever it contains A and B. In [B] we gave a decision procedure for the class of true F-sentences. −Bew(x), Bew(x), and Bew(neg(x)) are examples of P-formulas, and fixed points of these particular P-formulas have been studied by Gödel, Henkin [H] and Löb [L], and Jeroslow [J], respectively. In this note we show how to decide whether or not a fixed point of any given P-formula is provable in PA.


We have observed a large sample of compact planetary nebulae in the near-infrared to determine how the 21P–21S He i line at 2.058 μm varies as a function of stellar effective temperature, Teff. The ratio of this line with H i Brγ at 2.166 μm has often been used as a measure of the highest Teff present in a stellar cluster, and hence of whether there is a cut-off in the stellar initial mass function at high masses. However, recent photoionization modelling has revealed that the behaviour of this line is more complex than previously anticipated. Our work shows that in most aspects the photoionization models are correct. In particular, we confirm the weakening of the 21P–21S line as Teff increases beyond 40 000 K. However, in many cases the model underpredicts the observed ratio when we consider the detailed physical conditions in the individual planetary nebulae. Furthermore, there is evidence that there is still significant 21P–21S He i line emission even in the planetary nebulae with very hot central stars. It is clear from our work that this ratio cannot be considered as a reliable measure of effective temperature on its own.


In this study, the use of pure water at superheated temperatures, between 100 and 200 degrees C, as a mobile phase for RP separation is explored. Instrumental parameters, such as temperature, flow rate, preheating and cooling, have shown significant effects on the quality of the chromatographic peaks. The properties of superheated water as an eluent were investigated by observing the chromatographic behaviour of four parabens on a carbon-clad zirconia (ZR) phase with covalently bonded octadecyl groups. Results were compared with those obtained at 30 degrees C on a silica-based phase with octadecyl groups, using water and ACN as mobile phase. The optimized method was finally applied to analyse parabens in a commercial body cream.


Abstract By diluting a ferroelectric columnar liquid crystal with dodecane as apolar organic solvent, soft columnar phases as well as the chiral columnar nematic phase (Nc*) were achieved as lyomesomorphic systems. All obtained lyomesophases exhibited polar switching over a wide temperature range, even down to room temperature. We found an unusual concentration dependence for the selective reflection observed in the highly twisted lyotropic columnar nematic phase. Different possible models are proposed which could explain the observed optical and electro-optical properties of the studied lyomesophases.


The structure of a directing field is determined by the projective structure of space‐time and by various tensor (force) fields. Given a sufficient variety of such directing fields, which can be measured directly given only the ability to track material bodies with respect to an arbitrary coordinate system, it is shown how the projective and tensor fields involved can be determined (and hence measured). This method employs the technique of harmonic analysis on the forward unit hyperboloid. For the important and physically relevant case of an electromagnetic directing field, the projective structure and the electromagnetic field tensor can be determined using only one class of charged monopoles characterized by a given charge‐to‐mass ratio. The method also provides a new empirical criterion for determining whether or not a directing field is geodesic.


Agricultural drainage ditches play an important role in removing surplus water; however, these can also potentially act as major conduits of agricultural nonpoint source pollutants, including sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus. A supplementary hybrid system to limit such pollution was developed in this study; this consists of biodegradable fiber check dams, used in combination with a synthetic polymer (Polyacrylamide, PAM). An open channel experiment was conducted to optimize the design of the hybrid system, taking into account a variety of physical and hydraulic conditions. Subsequent field application of the hybrid system improved runoff water quality, such as 10.0% to 98.3% reduction for suspended solids, 25.2% to 98.4% reduction for turbidity, 21.1% to 91.1% increase for BOD, 19.2% to 75.4% increase for COD, 21.0% to 73.3% reduction for T-N, 5.9% to 91.2% reduction for T-P and 35.7% to 97.6% reduction for fecal coliforms. This clearly showed that this hybrid system could play a significant role in supplementing conventional best management practices.


Zn nanoparticles characteristics like size and concentration can be tailored by laser irradiation. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser was operated at a wavelength of 266 nm, pulse duration of 3 ns, and a maximum intensity of 315.0 MW cm−2. Zinc nanoparticles formation is proposed to occur in two stages. In the first stage, Zn interstitials (Zni) are generated at the irradiated site. In the second stage, Zni agglomerate to increase the size of Zn nanoparticles up to 120 nm. Zni formation is implied from an increase in the electrical conductivity, but agglomeration occurs from heat treatment provided by laser irradiation. Single laser pulse irradiation creates small nanoparticles about 7 nm in size. Further laser pulses reduces the concentration of small nanoparticles and increases the size of nanoparticles up to 120 nm. The size and structure was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. Topography and electrical conductivity was mapped by atomic force microscopy.


ABSTRACT Although the attitudes of hearing people towards deaf people have been studied for several years, most of these studies have focused on medical professionals or children in K-12 classrooms. Limited research has examined the attitudes of hearing university students towards deaf people in sign language courses. This study aimed to investigate and compare the attitudes among university students enroled in ASL courses and a Deaf culture course and to identify other factors that affected their attitudes towards deaf people. A basic demographic survey and two questionnaires related to perspectives and attitudes were obtained from 98 university students attending a southeastern American university. Overall, the results indicated that students enroled in a Deaf culture course reported a greater understanding of Deaf culture than those enroled in ASL courses. In addition to course type, academic major and reasons for taking the ASL courses were identified as factors that affect attitudes towards deaf people. Students who take an ASL course to satisfy their modern language credit showed more negative perspective and attitudes towards deaf people than those who took the course for the program requirement. The findings suggest exposure to Deaf culture and deaf people within the ASL curriculum may promote positive attitudes and better cultural understanding towards deaf people who eventually become professional colleagues.


Current issues of the organization of education of foreign students at the Dnipro University of Technology are analyzed. Considered intensification of the development of contacts between countries, development of educational programs in English and adaptive capacity of foreign students. Illuminated factors affecting efficiency process language preparation for teaching in selected specialties in the conditions of distance education.


Objectives To study the effect of simvastatin on mRNA expression and protein production of inflammatory cytokines,including TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 and IL-10, in rat hearts after acute myocardial infarction(MI).Methods The rats were divided into three groups: ①Sham group(Sham): the left descending coronary arteries(LADs) of rats were not ligated;②MI control group(MI-C): the LADs were ligated;③Simvastatin group(MI-S): LADs were ligated and gavage with simvastatin 40 mg/kg per day was given.All animals were caged to feed for 4 weeks.At the fourth week,the rats were sacrificed and their hearts were taken and cut into two equal parts: one was used to determine mRNA expression of cardiac cytokines by RT-PCR and another was used to measure protein production of cytokines by Western blot.Results No expression of all inflammatory cytokines mentioned above was found in Sham group.In the MI-C group,both mRNA expression and protein production of these cytokines markedly increased(P0.01).Compared with MI-C group,the MI-S group displayed significant reduction of mRNA expression and protein production of TNF-α,IL-1β and(IL-6),and marked increase in IL-10 mRNA expression and protein production(P0.01).Conclusion Simvastatin markedly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines,and increased inflammation-preventing cytokine.The mechanism needs to be elucidated.


Predictive analytics are driving many healthcare organizations' hiring decisions in today's competitive market. It's important for organizations to capture the right data to help optimize their recruitment strategies and eliminate the time and money holes spent on untargeted recruitment campaigns.


Background: The most common symptom of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is fever and dyspnea that leads to hypoxia in severe cases. Some COVID-19 patients experience neurological symptoms, including ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a hypercoagulable state, however, it has not been approved as a significant cause of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT).


Abstract : The United States military has overwhelmingly succeeded on the battlefield during recent conflicts, only to be stymied during post-conflict Stability, Security, Transition, and Reconstruction (SSTR) operations. As a result, the U.S. has repeatedly struggled to meet desired national strategic objectives. In sharp contrast, U.S. post-conflict operations were highly successful in Germany and Japan following World War II. This paper will analyze why there is a huge discrepancy between more recent war termination results and post-conflict nation building efforts. Specifically, the paper will define war termination, as distinguished from conflict termination and conflict resolution, and then highlight the Joint Force Commander's role in war termination planning using experiential conflict lessons and current policy guidance as a framework. After establishing the Joint Force Commander as the appropriate lead for war termination planning, an analysis of the experiential lessons will detail organizational and environmental obstacles to the Commander's successful war termination planning. The paper will conclude with recommendations for addressing these obstacles and improving overall war termination planning during operational design development to ensure our nation's strategic objectives are satisfactorily met.


Many oil and gas projects have been subjected to significant cost overruns and schedule delays, which is a major concern for the decision-makers in the oil industry. This paper aims to develop three mathematical models to estimate earned value indicators, the Schedule Performance Index (SPI), Cost Performance Index (CPI), and To-Complete Cost Performance Indicator (TCPI), to reduce the cost and time estimation error in Iraqi oil projects. The research methodology adopted artificial intelligence techniques using Multiple Linear Regression technology (MLR) to predict Earned Value (EV) Indexes to get standard local equations to measure the performance of Iraqi oil projects. The data is based on (83) monthly reports from 26 June 2015 to 25 August 2022 collected from the Karbala Refinery Project, selected as a case study. It is one of the Oil Projects Company (SCOP)- the Iraqi Ministry of Oil's massive and modern projects, and it combines several projects into one project. The results showed numerous significant points, such as the average accuracy (AA%) for the CPI, SPI, and TCPI was 95.194%, 92.195%, and 83.706%, respectively, while the correlation coefficients (R) were 92.4%, 98.4%, and 93.7%. It was shown that there were relatively few differences between the theoretical and actual results. Therefore, the MLR technique was utilized in this paper to derive the prediction models for its more correct earned value predictions.


This paper studies the evolution of total and regional poverty in Tunisia using the Growth Incidence Curve (GIC) approach based on individual consumption and education level from the household consumption surveys and other official publications during the period 1990-1995. Three main results are found, first, growth is pro-poor in Tunisia and poor households benefit from growth in the whole country as well as many different governorates. Second, the different social incidence curves (SGICs) using education as a social indicator confirms the fact that growth is generally pro-poor. This result means that education and human capital accumulation are important factors in decreasing poverty especially in rural areas. Third, the empirical analysis tends to confirm the existence of conditional and unconditional convergence in terms of poverty between regions, where poor governorates tend to grow more rapidly (with a high pro-poor growth) and to catch up with rich ones.


In the calculation of the electric field with the charge simulation method, it is difficult to judge the magnitude of the field strength in the area, especially the accuracy of the field strength. It is found that with a common rod-plane electrode arrangement the accuracy of the curvature radius of the calculation is consistent with the error of the field strength. This situation is due to the use of the derivative in the calculation, and the field strength itself is the gradient of the potential. Therefore, a criterion for the field strength is obtained, which can be used in an unbounded area with an electrode with a definitive curvature radius. The authors give formulas for the potential and its derivative for a finite charged line and a semi-infinite charged line (including mirror charges).<<ETX>>


We prove spectral and dynamical localization for the multi-dimensional random displacement model near the bottom of its spectrum by showing that the approach through multiscale analysis is applicable. In particular, we show that a previously known Lifshitz tail bound can be extended to our setting and prove a new Wegner estimate. A key tool is given by a quantitative form of a property of a related single-site Neumann problem which can be described as "bubbles tend to the corners".


In this paper we presented a class of optimization problems known as extreme point multi-objective linear programming problem. We propose a new technique (Harmonic Mean) to transform an extreme point multi-objective linear programming problem (EPMOLPP) to an extreme point single objective linear programming problem (EPSOLPP). We provide an algorithm for our methodology, to solve such a class of problems. Two numerical examples are given to elucidate our proposed algorithm.


The performance of parallel distributed data management systems becomes increasingly important with the rise of Big Data. Parallel joins have been widely studied both in the parallel processing and the database communities. Nevertheless, most of the algorithms so far developed do not consider the data skew, which naturally exists in various applications. State of the art methods designed to handle this problem are based on extensions to either of the two prevalent conventional approaches to parallel joins - the hash-based and duplication-based frameworks. In this paper, we introduce a novel parallel join framework, query-based distributed join (QbDJ), for handling data skew on distributed architectures. Further, we present an efficient implementation of the method based on the asynchronous partitioned global address space (APGAS) parallel programming model. We evaluate the performance of our approach on a cluster of 192 cores (16 nodes) and datasets of 1 billion tuples with different skews. The results show that the method is scalable, and also runs faster with less network communication compared to state-of-art PRPD approach in [1] under high data skew.


ID: 11 for Scars 2020 (Auto-Generated February 29, 2020 1:25 pm) Copyright 2020 Scars 2020 powered by WPAbstracts Pro The Study Design for an NIHR RfPB Grant to Study the Effectiveness of Early Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment for Hypertrophic Burns Scars. by Mark Brewin | Salisbury NHS


Effects of the peripheral-blood lymphocytes and culture supernate of the lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on the formation of colonies originated from the human bone marrow CFU-C, a precursor cell of the granulocyte and macrophage system in man, were determined in order to clarify the pathomorphological state of SLE-related leukopenia. The methods employed were as follows: 2×105 cells of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients were added to an equal number of human bone marrow nucleated cells, and this mixture was embedded in 1.0ml of a 0.3% Agar gel added McCoy's 5A solution containing 20% foetal calf serum (FCS) and 10% culture supernate of the human placenta as a colony stimulating factor (CSF). This sample was then put into a culture plate. In certain experiments, 10% of the supernate of the culture in which 1×106 cells of human bone marrow nucleated cells had been incubated for seven days with an equal number of the patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes was added to incubation medium and this was incubated for a further seven days in an incubator at 37°C under the presence of 5% CO2. For calculation purposes the appearance of more than 40 cell masses in inverted-microscopy was defined as a colony. The results showed that the lymphocytes and culture supernate of the lymphocytes of the patients strongly inhibited the formation of colonies. And it suggests the possible linkage of immunological injury mediated by the lymphocytes to the occurrence of leukopenie in SLE patients.


In this article, the role and application of oligomers have been studied. The kinetics and thermodynamics of phase transitions in nanostructured systems during the formation of three-dimensional polyethoxysiloxane polymers were studied. The aim of the study was to study the rheokinetic patterns of the formation of three-dimensional polymer structures based on tetraethoxysilane by varying the catalyst content in the reaction system using the viscometric method. The rheokinetics of the sol-gel process for the production of polymer-silica sorbents was studied. The process of obtaining polymeric microspherical silica gel was studied.


Whether the buyer is satisfied after purchase depends on the offers performance in relation to the buyer expectation. In general satisfaction are a person?s feelings of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived performance relation to his/her expectations. If the performance falls short of expectation, the customer is dissatisfied. If the performance matches the expectation customer is satisfied. If the performance exceeds the expectation the customer is highly satisfied. The project work has been done to find out whether a customer is satisfied or dissatisfied with a performance of Suzuki Gixxer motorcycle and also to measure the consumers satisfaction and provide this feedback to the company.


AWWA membership has many benefits whether you join as an individual, a utility, or a service provider. Although the association has grown and changed over the years—and certainly technology and therefore services have evolved—one of the best testaments to the value of AWWA membership is represented by the service providers that have maintained their memberships for more than 100 years. The relationship of AWWA and its members is a symbiotic one; by fulfilling its mission AWWA serves its members, and with each new or renewed membership those making the commitment ensure the organization will thrive and continue to be "The Authoritative Resource for Safe Water." Across the decades, AWWA corporate membership retains its value


This work presents an implementation and evaluation of an alternative approach for describing exchange of mass, momentum and energy in Diesel spray CFD simulations using Discrete Droplet Modeling (DDM). During the calculation each parcel in the domain is surrounded by a spherical volume of ambient gas and interacts first with it instead of interacting directly with the cell volume hosting the parcel. In this way the interaction volume is independent of the mesh and can be located in more than one cell. This model was implemented using the OpenFOAM CFD opensource C++ library. It was developed with the aim to reduce grid dependencies related to spray-grid mutual orientation and to the choice of the injector nozzle position with respect to the cell hosting it. All the sub-models constants were set to match experimental data of a chosen baseline case in non-reactant vaporizing conditions. Then the new approach predictions were firstly compared with standard DDM on moving the injector position within the hosting cell and later on varying ambient density and injection pressure of fuel. Also a study of the dependency of the results on the spray-grid mutual orientation was carried out. High-speed imaging and Rayleigh-scattering measurements taken from the ECN web database were used to assess numerical results: a good accuracy in the predictions of liquid and vapor spray penetration as well as axial and radial mixture fraction profiles, can be simultaneously achieved on varying thermo-physical and geometrical settings. If applied to engine calculations, the reduced dependency on the nozzle position becomes appreciable when injector with multiple nozzles are used.


A vehicle surroundings monitoring system includes: an image pick-up device (10) that picks up an image of an area on the passenger side of a vehicle (200); a display device (30) that displays the image of the area on the passenger side of the vehicle, which is picked up by the image pick-up device; a foot illuminating device (40) that illuminates the ground outside the vehicle on the passenger side,- and a foot illumination controller (50) that controls the foot illuminating device, wherein when the image of the area on the passenger side of the vehicle, which is picked up by the image pick-up device, is being displayed on the display device, the foot illumination controller turns off the foot illuminating device.


Numerical analysis and its application to geotechnical problems have developed over 20 years and provided geotechnical engineers with an extremely powerful analysis tool.To provide a finite element method to predict the soil behavior considering the elasto-(visco)plastic soil/water coupling,an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model to simulate the stress-strain behavior of soft soil and describe the stress-induced anisotropy of the consolidated clays is introduced,and corresponding program is theoretically demonstrated in detail.The application of program is illustrated through one 2D elasto-plastic soil/water coupling finite element simulation to predict the ground behavior.Furthermore,an embankment used as bicycle way is analyzed by using this method and the calculation results are accordance with the monitored results,which shows that numerical analysis such as finite element method can lead to more economical design in the geotechnical engineering construction.


Climate changes and increased Earth's temperature form a phenomenon that affects all humans and countries. Consequently, even countries with plenty of fuel energy resources have realized the importance of this issue. Wood pellet is among the most commonly used bio fuels and is spreading quickly all over the globe. In this research, the feasibility of wood pellet production in Iran was assessed by studying a production project and economically analyzing it. Based on the results, all of the economic indicates are reflective of economic utility of wood pellet production in Iran. For instance, the IRR index of the project was 64.54%, and the final price of the product was 118.89 EUR per ton. Analysis of production costs indicated that raw materials had the highest share of the final price followed by fixed investment costs and energy costs.


Background : Authentic leadership is a relational style that is to nurture a flaring work atmosphere and affect the employee's enactment and outcomes while innovative work conduct is highly proven to support the operational maturity and its competitive advantages . Aim of the Study : was to examine the relationship between authentic leadership as perceived by nurses and the nurses' innovative behavior in healthcare. Subjects and Methods : Design : Descriptive correlational research design. Setting: Damietta city hospitals which are affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Population, Egypt. Subjects: nurses working in the previously mentioned setting with a total number 323 nurses working in all departments . Tools : The study data were collected using The Authentic Nurse Leader Questionnaire -Staff Leader Evaluation and The Innovative Work Behavior Scale. Results : About 42.7% of the studied nurses assumed their nurse leaders were highly authentic. Nevertheless, 41.5% of nurses demonstrated a lower level of innovation behavior in their practice. Finally, statistically significant positive correlations between all authentic leadership domains and all innovative behavior domains (p 0.00). Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a two-thirds of the studied nurses perceived their leaders as having authentic leadership skills. Furthermore, a minority of the nurses studied exhibited high levels of innovative behavior, while less than half exhibited low levels of innovative behavior. Recommendation : Nurse Managers should have the ability to adopt authentic leadership behaviors and should engage other staff nurses' opinions in the decision-making process, which may create new ideas.


Layered architecture has been widely used for managing complexity of source code by separating of related main functionalities into distinct layers. However, the source code always evolves so that it may cause the dependency violation to layered architectural design rules. In this paper, we present a tool for detecting these dependency violation of the layered architecture in C# source code. The tool allows the user to identify the top-down sequences of layers as desired. The syntax tree will be generated to represent the input source code by using Roslyn tool and the dependency among the source code is analyzed as the syntax tree is traversed. The boundary of each layer is recognized and the dependency violation against the closed layered architecture rules is reported.


Distributed computing is a good alternative to expensive supercomputers. There are plenty of frameworks that enable programmers to harvest remote computing power. However, until today, much computation power in the edges of the Internet remains unused. While idle devices could contribute to a distributed environment as generic computation resources, computation-intense applications could use this pool of resources to enhance their execution quality. In this paper, we identify heterogeneity as a major burden for distributed and edge computing. Heterogeneity is present in multiple forms. We draw our vision of a comprehensive distributed computing system and show where existing frameworks fall short in dealing with the heterogeneity of distributed computing. Afterwards, we present the Tasklet system, our approach for a distributed computing framework. Tasklets are fine-grained computation units that can be issued for remote and local execution. We tackle the different dimensions of heterogeneity and show how to make use of available computation power in edge resources. In our prototype, we use middleware and virtualization technologies as well as a host language concept.


We consider the problem of the diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave by a square array of perfectly conducting cylinders of finite length. We outline a method of generating a modal solution of this problem. The finding of modes necessitates the evaluation of a set of dynamic lattice sums over the square array. We consider two methods of evaluating the lattice sums, which do not converge absolutely. The first of these methods is that of Ewald summation, while the second relies on a set of identities among the lattice sums. We show that the results of the two methods agree, and that the second method is both the easier of the two to implement, and is capable of generating accurately the values of a large set of lattice sums.


Background: Various countries of the world implemented unprecedented measures from January-May 2020 to control the rapid spread of COVID-19 virus This paper aims at analysis of people's risk perceptions, knowledge and preventive health behaviors as well as levels of satisfaction with efficiency of preventive measures implemented in the context of COVID-19 pandemic across two countries Methods: An online survey to collect data from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Pakistan during the months of AprilMay 2020 Analysis focused on cross-country comparison in people's risk perceptions, knowledge, beliefs, adherence to preventive health behaviors and levels of satisfaction with efficiency of preventive measures in the context of COVID-19 pandemic Linear regression model was applied to identify the significant predictors of preventive health behaviors Results: The sample comprised of 421 participants, between the age of 18 to 70 years;(47%) reside in KSA and (53%) in Pakistan In total sample (45%) perceived themselves at 'high risk' for COVID-19 Saudi nationals reported significantly higher levels of fear (p< 001) Higher proportion of male participants in this sample from KSA lacked accurate knowledge about symptoms and causes of the COVID-19 virus (p< 001) Those living in Pakistan more likely to 'use face mask when going outside' (p< 001) and those residing in KSA more likely to 'disinfect the surfaces regularly at house' (p< 01) Knowledge about symptoms (p< 001) and preventive measures (p< 05) increase the likelihood of use of facemask Respondents from Pakistan were less satisfied with efficiency of preventive measures implemented in various settings (p< 001) Conclusions: The current study findings urge to improve accuracy of people's knowledge about symptoms and causes of COVID-19 in KSA There is need for stringent measures at all levels to enhance the levels of satisfaction with efficiency of preventive measures in Pakistan


In this paper, we propose a method to construct homeomorphisms from the interior of intuitionistic fuzzy interpretation triangle to the complex plane. Based on such homeomorphisms, we define concepts of pure intuitionistic fuzzy sets and pure intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, and obtain some properties of these new concepts. In addition, we prove that all the pure intuitionistic fuzzy numbers form a field, whose arithmetic operations are given. Finally, we use two numerical examples to show computational skills in such field.


A review of maternal mortality at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu between January 1976 and December 1985 has been made. Deaths up to 6 weeks of puerperium from direct, indirect, and incidental causes were included but abortions were excluded. There were 47,361 deliveries and 127 maternal deaths giving a maternal mortality rate of 2.7/1000. There has been a downward trend in the mortality rate from 5.46 in 1976 to 1.99 in 1985. Comparing mortality rates according to booking status, it was observed that mortality rates were 48 times higher in unbooked patients. It was observed that overall that deaths increased with increasing maternal age except in the 26-30 age group. Whereas only 0.16% of women aged 26-30 died, 2% of women 40 died. The highest mortality rates are in primigravida and grand multipara. The main causes of death were obstructed labor plus ruptured uterus (35%), obstetric hemorrhage (25.98%), eclampsial severe/preeclampsia (11%), and sepsis (10.24%). Other causes of death include anesthetic, amniotic fluid embolism, jaundice in pregnancy, congestive cardiac failure, pulmonary embolism, and severe anemia. Factors influencing this high mortality include antenatal care, maternal age, and parity. The majority of these deaths are avoidable through adequate blood transfusions, attention to details and better case management, improved medical services, recognition of severe problems by patients and family, and immediate medical care. Futhermore, faults may lie either with the patient, the hospital, the medical team, the government or the system or a combination of these factors. The ways to reduce the high maternal mortality are improved standard of living, raising the literacy level, improved structural facilities and social amenities, better communication and transportation, increased number of hospitals, blood transfusion services, better case management, and a high level of utilization of available facilities.


The lack of visual perception makes outdoor wayfinding an extremely challenging task for Blind and Visually Impaired People (BVIP), especially in urban environments where the conditions on streets and pavements are highly dynamic. The unpredicted nature of obstacles and other types of hazards causes anxiety to BVIP. In this paper, we present an assistive mobile application which provides route planning and real-time navigation taking into account both the permanent and transient obstacles reported by the users themselves (i.e., adopting a crowdsourcing approach) through a specially designed user interface. Subsequently, route planning queries are handled taking into account current obstacles to derive BVIP-friendly routes. In-progress navigation sessions are instantly updated in case they are affected by reported incidents. The application also provides a volunteer mode which enables BVIP to receive real-time assistance from sighted citizens through a video call. The application's functionalities have been evaluated by implementing three usage scenarios.


Objective:Identify the differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)into myocardium-like cells after MSCs was transplanted into acute myocardial infarction.Then,identify the expression of nesprin protein.Methods:Sixteen SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n=8) and the control group (n=8).MSCs were isolated and purified from the bone marrow of rats by density gradient centrifugation and adhering to the culture plastics.Surface-associated antigens of MSCs were detected by flow cytometry.These cells were labeled with DAPI.SD rats were anesthetized,through thoracotomy,then ligated the left anterior descending coronary artery in order to establish model of myocardial infarction.The DAPI marking MSCs were injected into the infarcted area in the experimental group;DMEM was used in the control group.The expression of α-sarcomeric actin,troponin I were studied by immunocytochemistry three week later when MSCs were transplanted into acute myocardial infarction.The expression of nesprin protein in MSCs was identified by immunofluorescence and western-blotting before and after transplantation.Results:MSCs can be traced by DAPI three weeks later when MSCs were transplanted into the infarcted ischemic area.The expression of α-sarcomeric actin and troponin I were positive in MSCs three weeks after transplanting into the infarcted ischemic area.The expression of nesprin protein was positive in MSCs by immunofluorescence and western-blot whenever MSCs were transplanted or not.But,three weeks after MSCs were transplanted,the expression of nesprin protein in the infarcted ischemic area was higher than that of DMEM was used in the infarcted ischemic area.Conclusion:This study suggests that MSCs were capable to differentiation with subsequent myocardial regeneration,after being implanted into the infarcted myocardium;the expression quantity of nesprin protein was higher after MSCs were implanted.When MSCs are differentiating into cardiac myocyte-like,nesprin protein may play a role in this procession.


To provide a permanent and non flow-through cell of a remote for measuring samples of the harvested media from test vessels. A dissolution system provides remote flow cell integrated into the manifold device. Manifold device is in communication with the liquid inlet line and liquid outlet line is associated with each of the flow cell, and similarly, an optical fiber input line and an optical fiber output line associated with each of the flow cell. Liquid samples withdrawn from each dissolution vessel, optically associated measurement is made, then, the sample is returned to their respective containers. The manifold device can be adapted to accommodate a probe-type instrument including an optical fiber, where each probe type instrument associated with each flow cell.


hasthrown physicians and patients into aquandary about hormone replacement therapy(HRT).On one hand, this landmark study laid torest the question of whether continuous com-bined estrogen-progestin replacement therapyprevents cardiovascular disease (it doesn't) anddelineated the potential risks. On the otherhand, it provided no answers to some key issueswomen face if they choose to stop HRT.The following comments mostly apply tocontinuous combined estrogen-progestin ther-apy, since it was this arm of the Women'sHealth Initiative that was terminated earlydue to increased rates of coronary artery dis-ease, breast cancer, stroke, and pulmonaryembolism. The estrogen-only arm, in womenwithout a uterus, is continuing without evi-dence of excess risk at this time.■


The fast development of the design, construction and application of metal-organic materials including infinite metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and discrete metal-organic cages (MOCs) has not only propelled the advance of modern supramolecular syntheses to an unprecedented level, but also burgeoned various kinds of detection and characterization technologies. Herein, complementary techniques, including diversified NMR and ESI-MS solution spectrometry, solid state crystallography and theoretical simulation are exploited to elucidate the structural evolution of a dynamic supramolecular coordination system involving Pd(II)-MOCs of different compositions. The profit from the combination of various kinds of modern techniques verifies the anion template effect which leads to preferred formation and further conversion of Pd2L4 or Pd3L6 cages based on certain anions' overwhelming signals.


Higher plants have a stationary life-style and the potential to adapt to physical, chemical, and biological factors to maintain their homeostasis. It is critical for plants to readily recognize dangerous or harmful stress factors and to effect suitable responses to them. Recent developments in molecular biology have made possible the investigation of mechanisms by which plants respond to various stresses. The accumulated knowledge suggests that plants express new genes and establish new metabolic activities depending on the type and strength of the individual stress factors (Lam et al. 1989; Nover et al. 1989; Blechert et al. 1995; Chandra and Low 1995; Doares et al. 1995; Hahlbrock et al. 1995; Pena-Cortes et al. 1995). How plants receive, distinguish, and respond to exogenous environmental factors is of much current interest and investigation. In this chapter, I describe and discuss the oxidative burst (OXB) in plants, which is characterized by a rapid and transient generation of active oxygen species (AOS) immediately after exposure to certain stresses. All organisms have to overcome the harmful effects of AOS. Plants have acquired an essential system to reduce and scavenge AOS, which are naturally generated during photosynthesis and respiration (Asada 1994). It is of interest to understand the purpose of rapid AOS generation in plants immediately upon being stressed. The AOS seem to play a role in initiating signals for the response to various stresses. Therefore, it is useful to know how plants recognize harmful stresses and effect appropriate responses. The purpose of this review is to...


The paper presents a report on conferences (ADVANCES IN FIRE & SAFETY ENGINEERING, FIRE PROTECTION & RESCUE SERVICES), which were aimed at presenting the latest knowledge in the field of fire and safety engineering. The focus of the conferences was also the solution of current issues in the field of higher education and professional training of future experts in the field of rescue services.


MEGAN NICKELS is an Assistant Professor of STEM Education at the University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816; email: email@example.com. Her research program focuses on the mathematical thinking and learning of critically and terminally ill children, applications of computer science and engineering for mathematics education, and analysis of inequities in mathematics education.


The first published list of the birds of Tasmania was printed
in the Proceedings of the Royal Society in Vol. III., 1854,
page 142, by the Rev. T. J. Ewing, of New Town. In that
list Mr. Ewing gives the numbers as follows :— Families, 28.
Genera, 114. Species, 169. In 1886 Proceedings, an interesting
paper, by Colonel W. V. Legge, R.A., E.Z.S., is published,
entitled " Systematic List of Tasmanian Birds."

Since the above was printed he following birds have been
sent to the Museum,being hitherto unrecorded for Tasmania
 I give them in the order as they reached me
— (1.) The Semi-palmated Goose, Anseranas melanoleuca (2.) The Australian Drongo (3.) Blue-billed Duck of Australia, Erismatura australis. The latest addition to the avifaune of Tasmania are a pair of fine speciments of the Southern Stone Plover (Edicnemus grallarius).


The High Energy (ball) Milling (HEM) technique has been found to be an efficient way to produce fine metal flakes. HEM follows the same principle as Mechanical Alloying (MA) where powder particles are permanently exposed to deformation, fracture and welding processes originated by a high kinetic energy transfer to the powder by highly energetic (fast) ball collisions. Metals like Au, Ag, Al, Cu, Ti and Zn exhibit a high ductility. By plastic deformation, cold welding and fracture during the milling procedure, the powder particles can therefore be formed to the desired flaky shape and size within short milling times (3-30 min), where a processing time not exceeding 10 min can be considered for a semi-continuous processing route [1]. Due to the application of Cycle Operation which is an operating model with permanently varying rotary speed [2], the processing was in general carried out without any fluid process control agent. The produced flakes have a dimension of a thickness (t) < 0.5 μm and diameters (d) from 20 to 200 μm, consequently a ratio d/t up to 1000. The flake-geometry can be controlled by the variation of process parameters such as rotary speed of the rotor, ratio of powder/ball charge, filling ratio of the system, process temperature and operating model. In other words by varying the kinetic. The addition of a process control agent (PCA) has an influence on the kinetic as well as on the product, too.


Economic and social changes in central cities have made physical decay widespread, and housing rehabilitation has become an increasingly important strategy for reversing this decay. The principal factor which affects the design and impact of housing rehabilitation programs is the income group at which they are targeted. Programs directed at the housing poor face a series of problems related to the lack of resources of these groups, while the principal problem of programs aimed at middle-income groups is reversing the pattern of neighborhood disinvestment. All types of rehabilitation programs share problems of low productivity due to the complexity of the rehabilitation process and to the overall lack of resources committed to them.

As a part of a larger community development process, housing rehabilitation programs must embrace and reconcile the sometimes conflicting goals of maximum physical revitalization and the provision of improved housing services for the poor. This does not require radical new programs but rather a sophisticated mix of existing approaches coupled with the funding commitments necessary to execute them. The current trend towards fiscal retrenchment will seriously interfere with further efforts to utilize housing rehabilitation as an effective tool for revitalization.


Provided are a capacitor and a forming method thereof. The forming method of the capacitor includes: forming a first groove in a substrate; forming a first medium layer covering the substrate and a lateral wall and the bottom of the first groove; forming a first electric conduction layer covering the first medium layer and a first sacrificial layer arranged on a lateral wall of the first electric conduction layer; repeating the steps of forming the first electric conduction layer and the first sacrificial layer, and forming a plurality of first electric conduction layers and first sacrificial layers on the first medium layer sequentially; removing a plurality of electric conduction layer portions and first sacrificial layer portions higher than the surface of the first electric conduction layer at the bottom layer on a semi-conductor substrate; removing the remaining plurality of first sacrificial layer portions to form a plurality of second grooves; and forming a second medium layer and a top electric conduction layer on the second medium layer, covering a middle electric conduction layer, and filling the plurality of second grooves. Capacitance of the whole formed capacitor is large, and by means of the forming method, the number of used photoetching masks is reduced, and production cost is obviously reduced.


The plasma effects on high energy particle accelerators are discussed by considering the phenomena on 1) the Vpx B acceleration, 2) the plasma wake field, 3) the plasma lenses and 4) the Vpx B electron linear accelerator. The last one uses no plasma, but is based on the phenomena found in the plasma. The plasma based particle accelerators have potentiality to produce much higher acceleration field gradient compared with the one in the conventional accelerators. The present status of the experimental investigations are overviewed.


Purpose. The aim of the present work was to identify factors and neurophysiological mechanisms that may determine a robust and very stable postural control in athletes. Basic procedures. Postural performance in quiet stance was compared in 23 volleyball players from the Polish second league with 24 age-matched healthy physically active male subjects (controls). All participants stood quietly for 20 s on a force plate with their eyes open, while the center of pressure (COP) was recorded with the sampling rate of 20 Hz in both: the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) planes. From the recorded signals the COP dispersion measures, postural frequency and stiffness were computed. Main findings. The players displayed lower COP variability in the ML plane ( p < 0.05) and lower COP range than controls in both planes ( p < 0.01). Their COP mean velocity was higher in the AP plane ( p < 0.0001) and the ML plane ( p < 0.01) than in controls. Together, these findings indicated the presence of an additional low-amplitude and high-frequency signal superimposed on the COP in athletes but not in controls. Superior body stability and different mode of automatic postural control observed in the players challenge recent views on the relationships between attention resources allocation and its consequences to the selection and implementation of postural strategies. Conclusions. The volleyball players have superior body stability and different mode of automatic postural control as compared with the control group. Postural strategies of athletes may result from slight muscular adjustments that adopt mechanisms similar to stochastic resonance to monitor an instantaneous body vertical with greater efficiently.


On the way of the socialist construction of china,achievements and complication are related to the theory of the elementary contradicition of socialist society.In the new historical period of socialism,Deng Xiaoping inherited and developed Mao Zedong's theory of the elementary contradiction of socialist society,advance the development of the socialist construction of China.


Objective. To define the histological lesions in the placenta associated with abnormal blood flow findings and to evaluate their possible clinical significance.


The phylloquinone and glucosinolate contents of transgenic Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera transformed with a bacterial isochorismate synthase (ICS) gene were investigated. There was no significant difference in the phylloquinone accumulation in the transgenic plants in comparison to the controls whereas the glucosinolate profile was significantly altered particularly for indole and aliphatic glucosinolates. Although the total glucosinolate levels were not significantly changed, an increase of total indole glucosinolates was observed in the transgenic plants whereas total aliphatic glucosinolate levels were decreased. This indicates that the introduction of the ICS gene in B. rapa ssp. oleifera, which was expected to have an effect on the isochorismate production along the chorismate pathway did not have an important effect on the phylloquinone contents, whereas unexpected effects on glucosinolate profiles were observed. This might be due to an increase in the level of SA produced via isochorismate and its activation of plant defense.


The research community in software engineering is trying to find a way on how to achieve the goal of having a fault-free software. The industry that will use a near fault-free software will have it ...


A new technique is proposed for robust multiuser detection in channels with impulsive noise. The method is a modification of traditional nonlinear multiuser detection techniques, whereby the nonlinearity is now positioned between the multiplier and the summation, within the correlator, instead of preceding it. This is then extended to provide a modification to the two-stage nonlinear detector proposed in Weng et al., (1997). Simulation results show that the use of this technique increases multiple access interference (MAI) rejection. Near-far effects are also investigated.


The aim of the article is to present the scope in which the term 'efficiency' is used in relation to health care as well as the methods of its measurement. Literature survey on defining the term 'efficiency' has been conducted and the requirements of its measurement in health care have been presented. Examples of research related to the inpatient care units, mainly hospitals, efficiency assessment have been presented (micro level) as well as those describing health care systems' performance and efficiency measurement (macro level). Theoretical framework of hospital efficiency measurement in five areas (financial, technical, qualitative, behavioural, developmental) together with exemplary indicators has been presented. Recommendations on conducting efficiency analysis and using it for broader, social policy have been described.


Unsolicited e-mail (Spam) has become a major issue for each e-mail user. In recent days it is very difficult to filter spam emails as these emails are written or generated in a very special way so that anti-spam filters cannot detect such emails. This Paper compares and discusses performance measures of certain categories of supervised machine learning techniques such as Bayes algorithms, lazy algorithms, tree algorithms, neural network, and support vector machines for classifying a spam e-mail corpus maintained by UCI Machine Learning Repository. The objective of this study is to consider the content of the emails, learn a finite dataset available and to develop a classification model that will able to predict whether an e-mail is spam or not.


Actually, hand vein biometrics is a recent technology that offers system for identification /authentication, it ranks among the best biometric modality by the results developed. Just like any recognition system this has four steps: the acquisition, enhancement, feature extraction and classification. This paper present the enhancement's step of the SAB11 Data Base followed by new adaptive feature extraction method for the dorsal hand vein biometrics; which is the discrete wavelet transform.


Follow-up for complications in 43 child patients who underwent radical nasal surgery for rhinosinusitis revealed no cases of postoperative deformity of the face or impaired dental development, but there was more than 16.7% incidence of postoperative manifestation of cysts of the cheek. For 115 sides of 63 patients who had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery and showed a good postoperative outcome, it was found that long-term follow-up observation lasting from less than half a year to more than 3 years had been necessary. In addition, the course was found to be good in many cases when the age at the time of the final observation was 15 years or more. Therefore, postoperative observation of patients should be carried out at least until the patient is 15 years of age, and the duration of observation must be at least 3 years. For patients with a complication of nasal allergy, good results were obtained when conchotomy was performed with a CO2 laser. Orbital blow-out fractures in children showed an extremely high percentage of fracture of the inferior wall of the orbita. Linear fractures were also observed. It was surmised that, even in children, the best method for surgical correction of this fracture is a maxillary sinus approach using an endoscope, rather than a transnasal approach.